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Brookfield Asset Management

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FY2023 Annual Report · Brookfield Asset Management
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Brookfield Asset
Management

A N N U A L   R E P O R T

C O N T E N T S

Brookfield at a Glance

Investment Approach

Letter to Shareholders

Value Creation

Sustainability

Management’s Discussion & Analysis

Financial Statements

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

B R O O K F I E L D
A T   A   G L A N C E

Brookfield Asset Management is one of the largest and fastest growing alternative 

asset managers in the world. We manage over $900 billion of capital on behalf of more 

than 2,000 global institutional clients. We have over 2,400 investment and asset 

management professionals investing in 30 countries across five continents supported 

by over 240,000 operating employees.

We draw on our 100+ year heritage as an owner and 

operator to invest for value and seek to generate strong 

returns for our clients across economic cycles. We invest in 

high-quality, essential assets and businesses that form the 

backbone of the global economy. With a focus on investing 

in renewable power & transition, infrastructure, private 

equity, real estate, and credit, we believe that we are well-

positioned to capture the significant opportunities ahead, 

many of which will be driven by the large secular trends 

of decarbonization, deglobalization and digitalization. 

2023 was the first year for Brookfield Asset Management 

as a separately listed company, providing a simple security 

that is more easily understood and better appreciated as a 

pure-play, alternative asset manager by the public markets. 

We derive nearly all of our earnings from our stable capital 

base, which is over 85% long-term or perpetual in nature.

We aim to return 90%–100% of our Distributable Earnings 

back to our shareholders in the form of a dividend or share 

repurchases. As of December 31, 2023, we earned over  

$2 billion of Distributable Earnings per year. At our latest 

investor day, we set an ambitious five-year growth target  

to more than double Distributable Earnings to $5 billion  

by 2028. This growth will come from increasing our 

Fee-Bearing Capital, which is expected to reach $1 trillion 

over the next five years.

Berlin, Germany

We invest in high-quality, 
essential assets and businesses 
that form the backbone 
of the global economy.

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HOW WE IN VES T

The Brookfield Ecosystem 
We invest where we can bring our 

competitive advantages to bear, leveraging 

our global presence and reputation, 

the synergies of our businesses, and 

access to large-scale, flexible capital.

Long-Life, High-Quality Assets 
and Businesses 
We invest in a global and diverse portfolio  

of high-quality assets and businesses that 

generate stable, inflation-linked, largely 

contracted and growing revenue streams,  

and high cash margins.

Diverse Product Offering 
We offer core, core-plus, value-add, 

opportunistic / growth equity, secondaries, 

subordinated debt and credit strategies through 

closed-end and perpetual vehicles in both the 

public and private markets.

Disciplined Financing Approach 
We take a conservative approach to the use of 

leverage, ensuring that we can preserve capital 

across business cycles.

Sustainability 
We are committed to ensuring that the assets and 

businesses we invest in are set up for long-term 

success, and we seek to have a positive impact on 

the environment and the communities in which  

we operate.

The  “Manager,”  the  “company,”  “we,”  “us”  or  “our”  refers  to 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  together  with  our  asset 
management business and Oaktree (each as defined below). The 
“Corporation” refers to Brookfield Corporation and its subsidiaries 
(including the perpetual affiliates (as defined below)). Additional 
discussion  of  the  Corporation’s  and  the  perpetual  affiliates’ 
businesses and results can be found in their public filings. Please 
refer  to  the  Glossary  of  Terms  beginning  on  page  101  which 
defines our key performance measures that we use to measure 
our business.

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T
B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

NORTH AMERICA
$545B AUM

~105,000 

Operating Employees

SOUTH AMERICA
$59B AUM

~31,000  

Operating Employees

GLOBAL REACH

$900B+

A SSE T S UNDER 

M A N AGEMENT

NYSE: BAM

TSX : BAM

EUROPE & 
MIDDLE EAST
$181B AUM

~55,000  

Operating Employees

ASIA PACIFIC
$131B AUM

~49,000  

Operating Employees

2,400+

30+

~240,000

IN V ES TMENT &   

COUNTRIES

OPER ATING   

EMPLOY EES

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$457B

FEE- BE A RING 

C A PITA L

A SSE T M A N AGEMENT 

PROFESSION A L S 

I N V E S T M E N T
A P P R O A C H

Our disciplined, well-established approach to investing reflects our 100+ year 

history as an owner and operator. We focus on value creation for our clients, investing 

in high-quality assets and businesses within our areas of expertise. We then manage 

these assets and businesses proactively and finance them conservatively—with the 

objective of generating attractive, long-term risk-adjusted returns over the life of our 

investment strategies.

Brookfield Asset Management's investment approach is anchored by a set of core 

tenets that guide our decision-making and determine how we measure success:

OUR BUSINESS PRINCIPLES

OUR INVESTMENT APPROACH

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Operate our business and conduct our 

relationships with integrity

• 

Invest in high-quality assets and businesses, with the 

goal of generating attractive, risk-adjusted returns for 

our institutional and retail clients

Attract and retain high-caliber individuals 

who will grow with us over the long term

Ensure that our people think and act 

like owners in all their decisions

Treat our clients' capital like it’s  

our own

Embed strong sustainability practices 

throughout our operations to help 

•  Enhance the value of our investments by being an 

owner-operator, while benefitting from the shared 

intelligence of the Brookfield Ecosystem and 

collaboration with strategic partners

•  Build sustainable cash flows to provide certainty, 

reduce risk and lower our cost of capital

•  Allocate the free cash flows we receive to enhance 

value for our clients

OUR PATHS TO SUCCESS

•  Evaluate total return on capital over the long term

ensure that our business model remains 

•  Encourage calculated risks, measuring them against 

best-in-class

potential returns

•  Sacrifice short-term profit, if necessary, to achieve  

long-term capital appreciation

•  Seek profitability rather than growth—size does not 

necessarily add value

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T
B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

L E T T E R
T O   S H A R E H O L D E R S

OVERVIEW  (As of February 7, 2024)

We had a strong fourth quarter, capping off an 

excellent first year for Brookfield Asset Management 

as a stand-alone asset manager. We benefited 

from strong fundraising across our flagship funds 

and complementary fund offerings, with the fourth 

quarter being the most active of the year. We 

raised $93 billion of capital which, combined with 

the approximately $50 billion anticipated upon the 

closing of the American Equity Investment Life (AEL) 

insurance account, brings the total to $143 billion.

The successful fundraising across our various flagship 

series continued, with our infrastructure and private 

equity strategies closing their largest funds ever, as well 

as strong momentum for many of our complementary 

funds. Existing limited partners continued to invest 

into our funds, often increasing their commitments, 

and a very large number crossed over into new 

strategies, deepening their overall relationship with us.

Our capital raising success in 
2023, combined with investments 
made into building out our 
platforms, positions us for strong 
earnings growth and continued 
robust fundraising in 2024.

2023 HIGHLIGHTS

$143B

NEW CAPITAL COMMITMENTS

$93B 

Our Fee-Related Earnings (FRE) and Distributable 

FUNDR AISING CAPITAL R AISED

Earnings (DE) were also solid. FRE and DE were 

$581 million and $586 million in the quarter, 

respectively. On the back of this achievement on 

the capital raising front, we are currently projecting 

$2.2B 

a strong year of FRE and DE growth heading into 

DISTRIBUTABLE EARNINGS

2024. With that momentum and the significant 

resources that we have on hand, we are pleased 

to announce that our Board of Directors approved 

an increase in our quarterly dividend by 19% to 

+19% 

$0.38 per share from its current level of $0.32.

DIVIDEND GROW TH

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT

It appears that central banks have been successful 

in dealing with inflation and that interest rates 

will be going lower around the world in 2024 

and 2025. If this occurs, capital market activity 

and stock markets should be strong.

Market participants’ confidence in pricing in risk has 

increased, which has in turn improved liquidity in the 

capital markets. And with record levels of dry powder 

currently on the sidelines, we expect a very busy 

period of transaction activity in the next few years, and 

valuations for real assets should respond accordingly. 

Geopolitics can always lead to heightened volatility, 

but this seems to have become the new normal. Our 

view is that being an owner of high-quality businesses 

and assets that form the backbone of the global 

economy is a safe place to be across all market cycles. 

This resilience has been proven over decades.

FINANCIAL RESULTS   
AND FUNDRAISING

We raised capital across all five of our flagships, 

as well as a number of complementary strategies 

that were in the market in 2023. We held 

several large fund closes since we last wrote 

to you, which raised $33 billion of capital.

The most significant fundraising updates and deal 

activity since the beginning of the fourth quarter are:

Infrastructure—In December, we held the final close 

for the fifth vintage of our flagship infrastructure 

fund, bringing the total for the strategy to $30 billion. 

With approximately 200 investors committed to 

the fund, this fifth vintage is 40% larger than the 

predecessor vehicle. We are now approximately 

40% deployed across six large-scale assets and the 

momentum on the capital deployment front is very 

strong. During the fourth quarter we held the final 

close of the third vintage of our infrastructure debt 

fund, bringing the total for the strategy to over 

$6 billion. Over 60% of the investors in this fund 

are new to the strategy, showcasing Brookfield’s 

leadership position in the infrastructure debt space.

Renewable Power and Transition—Subsequent to the 

end of the quarter, we finalized the first close of the 

second vintage of our flagship global transition fund 

strategy at $10 billion. In the fourth quarter alone, 

we raised over $6 billion, including an aggregate 

$3 billion commitment to our transition strategies 

received from ALTÉRRA, a sovereign fund and longtime 

partner, which was announced during COP28.

Real Estate—We are completing the first close of the 

fifth vintage of our flagship real estate opportunistic 

fund strategy at $8 billion. This positions the fund to 

achieve its targeted raise, with a final close expected 

in 2024. In early December, we sold our majority 

interest in 150 Champs Elysees, a landmark mixed-use 

asset in Paris, for a sales price of approximately $1 

billion and an excellent return. Also in December, 

we disposed of an office asset in São Paulo, Brazil 

for a sale price of $300 million, representing a 17% 

IRR. These transactions highlight our belief that high 

quality office and retail in great locations continue 

to see significant demand and, while transaction 

volumes have been reduced, values remain strong.

Private Equity—The second vintage of our special 

investments fund, which provides structured 

solutions to counterparties, is in the market with an 

expected rolling first close during the first half of 

2024. In conjunction with our recent acquisition of 

Network International, we were pleased to welcome 

Sir Ron Kalifa to Brookfield this past fall as Vice Chair 

and Head of Financial Infrastructure investments 

within our Private Equity business. Ron will lead 

a new financial infrastructure group focused on 

opportunities in digital infrastructure, an area which 

we believe contains significant growth opportunities 

supporting the digitalization of the global economy.

Credit—Oaktree raised $30 billion across its franchise 

in 2023, including $9 billion in the fourth quarter. 

This included an additional $2 billion in the fourth 

quarter for the twelfth vintage of our opportunistic 

credit fund and $1 billion for our strategic lending 

partners fund, bringing the funds to $8 billion and $4 

billion at year-end. Oaktree has a robust pipeline for 

additional private credit fundraising, and we expect to 

complete the fundraise for these funds later in 2024. 

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2024 SHOULD BE A GOOD YEAR BUT 
WILL REQUIRE MORE HARD WORK

The free money era of 2020-2022 favored high growth 

businesses and investors who were aggressive with 

capital. We chose to pass on many of the transactions 

during that period as valuations were high. In hindsight, 

we are very pleased that we stuck to our investing mantra.

Fast forward to 2023—as capital became less available, 

the managers that were prudent during the free money 

periods, and specifically those with extensive track 

records of performance and long-term relationships with 

partners, have excelled. Early last year, we decided that 

odds favored that rates were going to crest in 2023. While 

most were struggling with liquidity challenges, we 

invested over $55 billion. We were able to do this due to 

our relationships and access to capital. Today, as we start 

2024 with interest rates looking like they will decline, we 

feel very good about the investments we made in 2023 

and the ones we will make in 2024.

Our confidence also comes from the way we invest. Most 

of our return comes from operational excellence in the 

businesses we run, rather than financial engineering.  

Our vast operating team of hundreds of thousands of 

employees gives us a special edge in building value in 

businesses. Most small, mid-size or merely financially 

focused firms do not have access to these resources. In 

an environment where “roll up your sleeves investing”  

is back in favor, this differentiator should continue to set 

our franchise apart.

As we start 2024 with interest 
rates looking like they will 
decline, we feel very good 
about the investments we 
made in 2023 and the ones 
we will make in 2024.

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

OUR PRODUCT SCALE AND DIVERSITY SUPPORTS   
CONSISTENT FUNDRAISING 

As we scale our business, our ability to raise larger 

Newly Formed Credit Group

funds and meet ambitious fundraising targets has 

Our credit capabilities are larger and broader than they 

grown. Equally important is our continuous effort to 

have ever been. With the growing importance that private 

diversify fundraising sources and innovate with new 

credit will continue to play in capital markets, we expect 

products. This strategy ensures our capability to 

our private credit funds to raise and deploy increas-

consistently raise capital across various economic 

ingly larger sums of capital. After the successful close 

conditions. Across our overall franchise we manage 

of our largest infrastructure debt fund at $6 billion in 

over 100 funds, many of which are actively fundraising 

November, we are already approximately 60% deployed 

at any given moment. Our breadth of products, asset 

and expect to launch the next vintage of that fund 

classes and fundraising channels enables us to raise 

later this year at an even larger scale. In addition, we 

+/- $75 billion annually, separate and apart from our 

have launched the second vintage of our private equity 

flagship funds, which are raised every few years. 

special investments fund and, later this year, expect to 

Insurance Solutions Channel

One of the important capital raising channels we 

have been building is our insurance solutions 

business. The pending acquisition of AEL will make 

launch the seventh vintage of our real estate credit fund. 

Our partner, LCM, a European-based alternative credit 

manager, is continuing to build and raise capital for its 

successful asset-backed specialty finance strategy.

Brookfield Reinsurance one of the largest writers of 

In order to manage our growing credit capabilities across 

annuities in the U.S., and since we are the benefi-

Brookfield, Oaktree, LCM, and insurance investment 

ciary of the management of these assets, will 

strategies, we are aggregating all of our credit strategies 

increase our insurance assets under management 

under a new Credit group. We believe this important step 

by $50 billion. By employing the same operational 

will allow us to work effectively across our credit invest-

enhancements that were utilized in the acquisition 

ment teams, provide excellent returns, and maximize our 

of American National to meaningfully grow its pace 

ability to create value for our clients. We are confident 

of annuity writing, we believe that over time we will 

that credit will be a meaningful driver of BAM’s growth 

raise $15 to $20 billion of insurance capital annually, 

over the next decade given the industry tailwinds and our 

independent of acquisitions.

Private Wealth Channel

collective focus. This will help us achieve that.

Open End Funds

Another growing fundraising source is our private 

In 2023, we observed a slowing in demand for our core 

wealth business, Brookfield Oaktree Wealth 

infrastructure and real estate open-ended funds, likely 

Solutions (BOWS). We have been steadily investing in 

due to the uncertain and rising interest rate environment's 

our private wealth platform, which currently has 150 

impact on investor preferences. These funds comprise 

dedicated employees. We have partnered with more 

high-quality, stable assets with consistent cash flows, 

than 50 wealth groups worldwide in delivering 

appealing to yield-focused investors. With interest rates 

institutional quality investment strategies to clients 

now stabilized and anticipated to decrease, we expect 

and we currently have five dedicated funds being 

renewed interest in these funds. Furthermore, as our 

distributed in this channel, including our infrastruc-

funds are medium sized and have no legacy issues with 

ture wealth product launched in early 2023 that has 

asset values or redemption lines, we should be among the 

enjoyed strong early investor demand. With the 

first beneficiaries of fund flows as the market turns. 

team in place, we should be able to raise $12 to $15 

billion of capital annually.

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PRODUCT INNOVATION ENABLES US TO GROW

Core to our success has been our focus on anticipating changes in the market as we create new products and 

solutions. Over the past several years, we built a multi-disciplinary product development team that works across our 

businesses and investor segments to develop products that leverage our investment expertise and global presence. 

Notably, since 2020, we leveraged our existing business to launch leading platforms in direct corporate lending, global 

energy transition, and structured product solutions, among other products.

While product development has already played an integral role in our success over the past several years, we expect 

this to be an even bigger driver for us going forward for several key reasons: 

Competitive Advantage

In an increasingly competitive market, being able to offer differentiated and innovative investment products 

sets us apart, allowing us to take advantage of compelling investment opportunities and attract new investor 

capital that very few other managers are able to do.

Enhancing Client Relationships

Offering a range of investment solutions helps us build stronger client relationships, as products and 

structures can be tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of institutional and individual investors 

and enable them to access our capabilities more efficiently. 

Long-Term Focus

A continuous focus on product development reflects our commitment to long-term growth and sustainability. 

By staying innovative and responsive to market dynamics and investor demand, we are well positioned to 

succeed and grow across market cycles through a diversified suite of offerings and strategies.

This allowed us in 2023 to launch several new products and strategies. Some notable examples include our Catalytic 

Transition Fund, which we announced at COP28 in Dubai. The fund was anchored by UAE’s ALTÉRRA, who made a 

commitment of up to $1 billion alongside its $2 billion commitment to our second flagship transition fund. We are 

actively engaged with other large institutional partners who have expressed interest in this new fund. The new 

strategy will deploy capital exclusively into emerging and developing markets, with a dedicated focus on supporting 

energy transition, industrial decarbonization, sustainable living, and climate technologies.

Leveraging our established on-the-ground capabilities and relationships in the Middle East, we recently launched and 

are currently fundraising for a new fund strategy targeting private equity opportunities in the region. This region is 

growing fast, and we believe we are the most established sponsor in the market. 

In recent years we have made over $5 billion of investments within the technology-enabled payment infrastructure 

area, including our recent acquisitions of Network International and Magnati. Our strategy seeks mature, high-quality 

companies that are an integral component of the financial ecosystem and leverages our expertise in growing busi-

nesses through operational value creation.

We are also working on new products in infrastructure, asset-backed credit, and renewable power. As we turn to 2024 

and beyond, we expect to launch several new products as we continue to scale different parts of our business. 

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

 Honolulu, Hawaii

DIVERSIFIED MANAGERS OF ESSENTIAL REAL ASSETS ARE IN DEMAND

Infrastructure and renewable power assets remain 

ourselves as the industry leader in the space. Our scale 

very much in favor among alternative asset investors 

is a significant competitive advantage that we strive to 

who are increasing their allocations, because these 

leverage on behalf of our clients, and this should only 

assets have been able to deliver strong market growth, 

get better. We have nearly $300 billion of assets under 

have downside protection in uncertain times, generate 

management around the world – across utilities, 

inflation-protected cash flows, and, if operated well, 

transport, midstream, and data as well as hydro, wind, 

enable owners to receive long-term capital appreciation. 

solar, distributed generation, and energy storage. We 

In the last fifteen years we have centered our strategies 

around three mega-trends—decarbonization, 

deglobalization, and digitalization. Each will require 

many, many trillions of dollars of capital over the next 

decades. Simply put, the world is mobilizing to achieve 

net zero targets, energy security, supply chain resiliency 

and to meet exponentially growing data demand. Our 

infrastructure, renewable power and energy transition 

businesses sit at the epicenter of these trends. These 

trends will propel our growth for decades to come. 

We were one of the earliest managers to recognize this 

opportunity and have used our early mover advantage 

to build scale, gain operational expertise and establish 

use our footprint and deep relationships to source 

proprietary opportunities not available to others. This 

scale also allows us to pursue transactions that require 

significant operational capabilities or access to capital 

that few others have.

We have centered our strategies 
around three mega-trends—
decarbonization, deglobalization, 
and digitalization.

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Our platform is also built on unmatched diversity. Our strategies in the space enable us to participate up and down the 

capital structure—from opportunistic equity, core equity, mezzanine debt, senior debt through our insurance accounts, 

preferred equity, and convertible debt. We raise capital across all of our fundraising channels, including from private 

institutional investors, insurance accounts, private wealth, as well as Brookfield Corporation and our public affiliates. 

The ongoing consolidation trend within the alternative asset management space, which we participated in five years 

ago through our partnership with Oaktree, is now even more evident as managers are increasingly expanding into 

high-growth sectors like infrastructure and renewable power. 

CLOSING

We remain committed to being a world-class asset manager and strive to invest our capital in high-quality assets that 

earn solid returns, while emphasizing downside protection. The primary objective of the company continues to be to 

generate increasing cash flows on a per-share basis, and to distribute that cash to you by dividend or share repurchases.

Thank you for your interest in Brookfield, and please do not hesitate to contact any of us should you have suggestions, 

questions, comments, or ideas you wish to share.

Sincerely,

Bruce Flatt 

Chief Executive Officer 

February 7, 2024

Connor Teskey 

President 

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VAL UE 
CREAT ION

We create shareholder value by increasing Fee-Bearing Capital, which in turn increases 

our fee revenues, Fee-Related Earnings and drives growth in performance-based 

returns, such as carried interest. Alternative asset management businesses are typically 

valued based on a multiple of their Fee-Related Earnings and performance income.

POSI TI O NED F O R G RO W TH

We believe our business is well-positioned to continue delivering attractive growth in Fee-Bearing Capital, fee revenues, 

Fee-Related Earnings and performance income for three key reasons:

1

2

3

Allocations to alternative assets are increasing globally. 

As institutional investors and private wealth channels have better understood the benefits of 

alternative assets, they have increasingly allocated more capital toward this asset class and 

this trend is expected to continue. As one of the largest and most experienced alternative 

asset managers, we will utilize our competitive advantages to expand our products, attract 

new clients and scale our strategies to grow our Fee-Bearing Capital. 

The Brookfield Ecosystem differentiates us from other large asset managers.

The unique intelligence we generate from the ongoing interconnectivity between our over 

$900 billion portfolio, our global partnerships and our visibility into global capital flows 

helps us identify themes and trends in investing, spot pockets of value and source attractive 

investment opportunities. This competitive advantage has allowed us to build leading 

positions in asset classes that are most in favor and deliver strong investment returns to our 

clients across multiple business cycles.

Our business is well-positioned to benefit from large secular tailwinds. 

Large global trends of decarbonization, deglobalization, and digitalization will directly benefit 

our market-leading positions in renewable power & transition and infrastructure. In addition, 

as one of the pre-eminent global credit asset managers, we will benefit from the growing 

demand for private credit. 

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GROWTH IN  FE E-B EARIN G  CA PITA L
($ IN BILLIONS)

10%+
CAGR

$364

$418

$457

$290

$312

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

TRANSLATES I NTO  G RO W TH I N   FEE- RELA T ED  EARN IN GS
($ IN MILLIONS)

13%+
CAGR

$1,670

$2,108

$2,241

$1,428

$1,201

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

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B R O O K F I E L D   A S S E T   M A N A G E M E N T

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

SUSTAINABILITY

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Sustainability at Brookfield

Our sustainability strategy is centered on supporting business resilience and creating value for our investors and stakeholders—
now and in the future. We manage our investments by combining economic goals with responsible corporate citizenship. This is 
consistent  with  our  longstanding  philosophy  of  conducting  business  with  a  long-term  perspective  in  a  sustainable  and  ethical 
manner.  It  also  requires  operating  with  robust  sustainability  principles  and  practices,  and  maintaining  a  disciplined  focus  on 
integrating these into everything we do.

While  sustainability  principles  have  long  been  embedded  in  how  we  run  our  business,  this  approach  was  formalized  in 
Brookfield’s  sustainability  principles  in  2016  and  is  described  in  our  global  Sustainability  Policy.  Our  Sustainability  Policy 
codifies our commitment to integrating sustainability considerations into our decision-making and day-to-day asset management 
activities.  This  policy  is  reviewed  annually  and  updated  periodically  by  senior  executives  at  Brookfield,  as  well  as  each  of 
Brookfield’s business groups. Our Sustainability Policy outlines our approach and is based on the following guiding principles:

Mitigate the impact of our operations on the environment

•

•

Strive to minimize the environmental impact of our operations and improve our efficient use of resources over time.

Support the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions by 2050 or sooner.

Strive to ensure the well-being and safety of employees

•

•

Foster a positive work environment based on respect for human rights, valuing diversity and having zero tolerance for 
workplace discrimination, violence or harassment.

Operate with leading health and safety practices to support the goal of achieving zero serious safety incidents.

Uphold strong governance practices

•

Operate to the highest ethical standards by conducting business activities in accordance with our Code.

• Maintain strong stakeholder relationships through transparency and active engagement.

Be good corporate citizens

•

•

Strive  to  ensure  the  interests,  safety  and  well-being  of  the  communities  in  which  we  operate  are  integrated  into  our 
business decisions.

Support philanthropy and volunteerism by our employees.

Sustainability Affiliations and Partnerships

Through our engagement with sustainability frameworks and organizations, we continue to be actively involved in discussions to 
advance sustainability awareness across private and public markets, and we are continuing to enhance our sustainability reporting 
and protocols in line with evolving best practices. The following are some of the frameworks and organizations with which we are 
affiliated:

•

•

•

•

•

Net Zero Asset Managers (“NZAM”) initiative - We have been a signatory to NZAM since 2021 and are committed to 
supporting the goal of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050 or sooner, emphasizing our alignment with the Paris Agreement.

Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) – We have been supporters since 2021 of the TCFD, 
which aims to guide companies in considering the effects of climate change in business and financial decisions, and we 
report in alignment with their recommendations.

Principles for Responsible Investment (“PRI”) - We have been signatories to the PRI since 2020, which reinforces our 
longstanding commitment to responsible investment and sustainability best practices.

International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  Sustainability  Alliance  -  We  are  members  of  the  IFRS 
Sustainability  Alliance,  a  global  program  established  to  develop  globally  accepted  accounting  and  sustainability 
disclosures.

Sustainable  Markets  Initiative's  (“SMI”)  Asset  Manager  and  Asset  Owner  (“AMAO”)  Task  Force  -  We  have  been 
involved with SMI’s AMAO Task Force since 2021. It focuses on scalable ways for institutional investors to allocate 
capital towards sustainable solutions leveraging expertise from each member firm.

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Sustainability Organization and Governance

Robust  sustainability  programs  throughout  our  firm,  business  groups  and  underlying  portfolio  companies  remain  an  important 
priority.  We  understand  that  good  governance  is  essential  to  sustainable  business  operations.  The  governance  of  sustainability 
matters  is  integrated  into  Brookfield’s  overall  governance  framework  and  is  aligned  with  our  governance  approach.  We  are 
committed to governance practices to monitor and oversee our business, including our sustainability strategy.

Our  Board  is  focused  on  maintaining  strong  corporate  governance  and  prioritizing  the  interests  of  our  shareholders  and  other 
stakeholders.  The  Board  has  oversight  of  our  business  and  affairs,  reviews  progress  on  major  strategic  initiatives,  and  receives 
progress and status reports on the firm’s sustainability initiatives throughout the year.

Brookfield’s  sustainability  programs  are  overseen  by  its  senior  executives,  including  its  Chief  Operating  Officer  (COO) 
(Governance  and  Risk  Management),  Head  of  Transition  Investing  (Decarbonization  and  Investment),  Head  of  Sustainability 
Management and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) (GHG Reporting and Measurement). Alongside this group, our sustainability 
programs  have  sponsorship  and  oversight  from  senior  leadership  within  each  business  group  including  each  group’s  CEO  and 
sustainability  lead.  Since  sustainability  covers  a  vast  range  of  priorities  that  are  varied  in  scope,  we  believe  that  sustainability 
initiatives  should  be  overseen  by  individuals  closest  to  the  particular  business  activity.  Functional  leads  are  responsible  for 
developing, implementing and monitoring relevant sustainability factors within their functional area, such as Risk Management 
and  Human  Resources.  Program  Leads  and  Management  Committees,  such  as  the  Net  Zero  Steering  Committee  and  Safety 
Leadership  Committee,  bring  together  expertise  to  manage  key  sustainability  areas,  ensuring  appropriate  application  and 
coordination  of  approaches  across  our  business  and  functional  groups.  Supporting  our  Program  Leads  and  Management 
Committees,  we  have  Working  Groups,  such  as  the  Sustainability  Working  Group,  Net  Zero  Operational  Committee  and 
Sustainability Financial Reporting Working Group, dedicated to specialized areas with the objective of ensuring that key priorities 
for Brookfield are being advanced. Our sustainability-focused professionals and functional experts work with our Program Leads, 
Management Committees and Working Groups to drive sustainability-related initiatives.

Sustainability Integration into the Investment Process

As part of investment due diligence, Brookfield seeks to assess sustainability-related risks and opportunities and factor them into 
the overall investment decision. This includes leveraging leading industry guidance to identify sustainability factors most likely to 
materially  impact  the  financial  condition  or  operating  performance  of  companies  in  a  sector.  As  part  of  our  Sustainability  Due 
Diligence  Protocol,  Brookfield  provides  specific  guidance  to  investment  teams  on  assessing  climate  change,  bribery  and 
corruption, cybersecurity, health and safety and human rights and modern slavery risks. Where warranted, Brookfield performs 
deeper due diligence, working with internal and third-party experts as appropriate.

All  investments  must  be  approved  by  the  applicable  Investment  Committee.  Investment  teams  outline  for  the  Investment 
Committee  the  merits  of  the  transaction  and  material  risks,  mitigants  and  significant  opportunities  for  improvement,  including 
those related to sustainability.

As  part  of  each  acquisition1,  investment  teams  create  a  tailored  integration  plan  that  includes,  among  other  things,  material 
sustainability-related  matters  for  review  or  execution.  We  believe  there  is  a  strong  relationship  between  managing  these 
considerations and enhancing investment returns.

Consistent  with  our  management  approach,  it  is  the  responsibility  of  the  management  teams  within  each  portfolio  company  to 
manage  sustainability  risks  and  opportunities  through  the  investment’s  lifecycle,  supported  by  the  applicable  investment  team 
within Brookfield. The combination of local accountability and expertise in tandem with Brookfield's investment and operating 
experience and insight is important when managing a wide range of asset types across jurisdictions. We leverage these capabilities 
in  collaborating  on  sustainability  initiatives,  where  appropriate,  to  drive  best  practices  and  assist  with  any  remediation.  As  it 
relates to sustainability, where appropriate, we encourage our portfolio companies to organize training for relevant staff.

Management  teams  regularly  report  to  their  respective  boards  of  directors  from  both  financial  and  operating  perspectives, 
including  key  performance  indicators  that  incorporate  material  sustainability  factors,  such  as  health  and  safety,  environmental 
management, compliance with regulatory requirements, and, increasingly, GHG emissions.

For  investments  where  Brookfield  has  a  non-controlling  interest,  where  we  are  a  debt  holder  or  in  other  circumstances  where 
Brookfield  does  not  have  the  ability  to  exercise  influence  through  its  contractual  rights,  Brookfield  actively  monitors  the 
performance of its investments and, where appropriate, utilizes its stewardship practices to encourage sustainability outcomes that 
are aligned with Brookfield’s sustainability approach.

1 Refers to investments where Brookfield has control and significant influence.

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When  preparing  an  asset  for  divestiture,  we  outline  potential  value  creation  deriving  from  several  different  factors,  including 
relevant sustainability considerations. Where applicable, we also prepare both qualitative and quantitative data that summarize the 
sustainability performance of the investment and provide a holistic understanding of how we have managed the investment during 
the holding period.

Stewardship and Engagement

Stewardship is an important element of our sustainability strategy, and we have defined it in alignment with the PRI. We seek to 
engage with our portfolio companies and collaborate with industry peers to help inform and improve our sustainability strategies 
and practices. Though the majority of our investments are in private markets, we will use our Proxy Voting Guidelines, where 
applicable, and ensure our disclosures address how we incorporate sustainability factors into our investment process. In managing 
our  assets,  we  utilize  our  significant  influence  and  investing  and  operating  capabilities  in  collaborating  with  our  portfolio 
companies to encourage sound sustainability practices that are essential for resilient businesses, while seeking to create long-term 
value  for  our  investors  and  stakeholders.  As  well,  through  our  ongoing  engagement  with  portfolio  companies,  we  may  partner 
with or support our portfolio companies to facilitate constructive dialogue with external stakeholders with the intent of positively 
influencing industry standards or practices that are aligned with our sustainability principles.

Below is a summary of some of the sustainability initiatives that we undertook in 2023. 

Environmental

Climate  change  mitigation  and  adaptation  continues  to  be  a  key  area  of  focus  for  our  business.  Brookfield  believes  it  can 
contribute meaningfully to the global economy’s transition to net zero.

Increased transparency and alignment to the TCFD

Since  becoming  supporters  of  the  TCFD  in  2021,  Brookfield  has  made  progress  on  aligning  with  the  TCFD’s  recommended 
disclosures. We have also implemented a climate risk assessment process to better understand the physical risk and transition risk 
and opportunity profile across our businesses. We leverage the results of the assessment to identify improvement opportunities in 
approaching  climate  change  mitigation  and  adaptation  and  continue  to  work  to  integrate  those  considerations  into  Brookfield’s 
business.

Decarbonization: Supporting the World’s Transition to a Net-Zero Economy

We recognize that the road to a net-zero economy will take time, requiring the alignment of government policy and technological 
development.  We  intend  to  support  this  goal  by  contributing  operational  and  investment  expertise  to  execute  practical 
decarbonization  strategies  that  will  prepare  businesses  for  the  future  economy.  We  also  believe  that  decarbonization  is  an 
important long-term transition risk mitigation strategy that is complementary to preserving and enhancing value.

We remain focused on our sustainability approach, which, at its core, is aligned with our fiduciary duty to create long-term value 
for  our  investors  and  stakeholders,  while  managing  our  businesses  responsibly.  We  will  continue  to  buy  long-life  assets  and 
businesses  that  can  generate  stable  cash  flows  that  grow  over  time.  We  believe  that  with  proper  management  and  stewardship, 
including preparing them for a low-carbon future, these assets will tend to increase in value over time.

We are focused on developing foundational processes to catalyze decarbonization and will continue to take action across all of our 
businesses. We are focused on providing support to our businesses through the sharing of best practices and resources, as well as 
regular and systematic monitoring to understand our progress. 

Net Zero Asset Managers initiative

To further our commitment to support the transition to a net zero carbon economy, Brookfield is a signatory to the Net Zero Asset 
Managers  initiative.  NZAM  is  a  group  of  international  asset  managers  committed  to  supporting  the  goal  of  net  zero  GHG 
emissions by 2050 or sooner.

Following  the  formalization  of  our  interim  target  commitment  set  in  2022,  in  2023,  and  ahead  of  NZAM’s  requirements,  we 
increased our interim target commitment by $54 billion of AUM. Our updated interim target commitment is to reduce emissions 
across $201 billion of AUM by at least 50% from a 2020 base year.

An integral part of Brookfield’s net-zero commitment is the allocation of capital towards climate solutions. Our interim emissions 
target is comprised of assets across our businesses, including renewable power and transition, infrastructure, private equity, and 
real estate. In setting our interim target, we focused on investments where:

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1. We have control and therefore sufficient influence over the outcomes;

2. We could identify and implement actionable initiatives in the near term; and

3. We assessed it to be value accretive to do so over the life of the investment.

Our  intention  is  to  increase  the  proportion  of  assets  to  be  managed  in  line  with  net  zero  annually  or  as  frequently  as  possible, 
consistent  with  our  ambition  to  reach  100%  over  time.  Our  net-zero  interim  target  includes  Scope  1  and  2  emissions  of 
Brookfield's portfolio companies.

To support our progress towards achieving our net-zero ambition, our focus over the past year has been on building teams and 
devoting additional resources to facilitate the development of credible decarbonization plans across our assets under management. 
In  undertaking  this  work,  we  will  focus  our  net-zero  efforts  on  investments  where  we  have  the  best  opportunity  to  achieve 
meaningful outcomes.

In addition to the work that we are undertaking with our existing assets, two years ago we launched BGTF I, the first in a series of 
funds  for  our  transition  strategy  that  is  dedicated  to  accelerating  the  transition  to  a  net-zero  economy  by  catalyzing  businesses 
onto net-zero pathways aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement. BGTF II, launched in 2023, will follow the strategy of its 
predecessor  fund,  and  invest  in  developing  new  clean  energy  capacity,  scaling  sustainable  solutions  and  providing  capital  for 
transforming businesses in carbon-intensive sectors. At COP28, Brookfield and Altérra, announced the creation of a multi-billion 
dollar Catalytic Transition Fund (“CTF”). CTF will have a differentiated and focused mandate, deploying capital exclusively for 
emerging and developing markets, with a dedicated focus on supporting energy transition, industrial decarbonization, sustainable 
living  and  climate  technologies.  In  addition  to  driving  impact  through  transition  investing,  including  supporting  the  growth  of 
significant new clean energy capacity, we are one of the world’s largest owners and operators of renewable power globally.

Water, Waste & Biodiversity

Reducing  the  impact  of  our  water  consumption  and  waste  generation  helps  build  efficient  systems,  business  resiliency  and 
contributes to a sustainable future. We utilize industry best practices to efficiently monitor and manage performance and seek to 
ensure continual reduction of water consumption. In addition, we adhere to all applicable local and regional waste regulations and 
track waste and recycling metrics. Encouraging conservation of biodiversity is an important component in achieving our net zero 
goals and managing physical risks as we strive to protect biodiversity and ecosystems near our businesses.

Social

Culture Matters: Human Capital Development

Our people are our most important asset—collaboration, entrepreneurship and discipline underpin our winning culture. Brookfield 
invests  in  its  people  and  prepares  them  for  future  leadership.  Everything  Brookfield  does,  from  its  dealings  with  clients  to  the 
interactions  among  employees  and  executives,  is  governed  by  a  sense  of  fair  play.  This  has  been  critical  to  the  success  of  the 
partnership  in  building  relationships  that  are  long-lasting  and  mutually  rewarding.  Brookfield’s  firmwide  culture  is  defined  by 
mutual respect, teamwork and passion, and revolves around our core values: 

•

•

•

Collaboration: Leadership works side by side with colleagues throughout the organization and is committed to achieving 
shared success. One of the key attributes that Brookfield screens carefully for in new hires is their aptitude to collaborate 
with others. The firm wants people to share information across groups and take an interest in all the businesses, not just 
the one they happen to work for at the moment. Brookfield does not hire people just for a specific job; it hires for the 
potential of all the future positions they might hold and that will contribute to the larger success of the firm. Brookfield 
actively looks for people who want to learn, grow, and develop—and demonstrate a willingness to be stretched outside 
their comfort zone.

Entrepreneurship: Our flat organization is results oriented—responsibility is earned based on initiative and hard work, 
rather  than  job  title—and  decisions  are  made  close  to  the  action.  This  idea  is  not  uncommon,  but  Brookfield  has 
encouraged its entrepreneurial spirit throughout its growth during the past 20 years. Brookfield looks for employees who 
have a passion not only for what they do but also for what the firm does. The shared values of ownership extend beyond 
helping  the  company  succeed  or  generate  more  revenue.  It  means  caring  about  the  little  things  as  well,  such  as  not 
wasting money and treating everyone with respect.

Discipline: Our team shares an awareness of, and commitment to, our goal of generating superior long-term returns for 
investors.  Discipline  also  requires  that  each  person  is  expected  to  have  a  realistic  understanding  of  his  or  her  own 
abilities. Brookfield expects employees to understand their strengths, recognize their weaknesses, be willing to stretch 
outside their comfort zones, and be willing to ask for help when necessary.

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The  three  attributes—collaboration,  entrepreneurship,  and  discipline—form  the  foundation  of  Brookfield.  By  hiring  talented 
people  and  giving  them  opportunities  to  move  into  different  businesses,  Brookfield  has  been  able  to  build  its  expertise  into  a 
broad ecosystem that allows it to collaborate very effectively across different areas and geographies as needed. The teams draw on 
sound data and expertise to identify emergent themes—informing their investment process and enabling Brookfield to draw upon 
actionable intelligence for the benefit of its investors.

Employee Composition

Building a diverse, equitable and inclusive work environment reinforces our culture of collaboration and strengthens our ability to 
develop  and  promote  all  of  our  people  to  their  potential.  Our  approach  to  diversity,  equity  and  inclusion  is  deliberate  and 
integrated into our human capital development processes and initiatives. Our initial focus on gender diversity led to a significant 
increase in female representation at the senior levels. Over the past few years, we have applied the same disciplined human capital 
processes and development activities to foster more ethnic diversity and are immediately seeing the results of these efforts. Some 
of the more impactful initiatives are centered around how we hire, our succession process and how we engage our people. We are 
involved  with  several  organizations  to  promote  diverse  representation  in  our  talent  pool,  including  summer  interns  and  MBA 
Associates.  Our  succession  process  includes  identifying  a  diverse  slate  of  candidates  and  focuses  on  the  development  of  early 
career  candidates  through  stretch  roles  and  exposure.  We  support  a  number  of  Employee  Resource  Groups  organized  by 
employees around shared interests, characteristics or experiences.

Occupational Health and Safety

Managing health and safety risk is an integral part of the management of our business. Our goal is to have zero serious safety 
incidents.  We  have  implemented  a  health  and  safety  governance  initiative  to  propagate  a  strong  health  and  safety  culture, 
encourage  the  sharing  of  best  practices,  support  the  continuous  improvement  of  safety  performance  and  help  eliminate  serious 
safety  incidents.  The  initiative  is  overseen  by  the  Safety  Leadership  Committee,  which  comprises  senior  operations  executives 
from across our business groups and regions, and reports on health and safety trends and key initiatives are provided to the Board 
as part of the quarterly operational risk update. Portfolio company management is responsible for ensuring that their company’s 
health and safety policies and systems are developed, operationalized, and reviewed regularly to address their specific risk areas. 
Portfolio  company  CEOs  report  to  their  respective  board  of  directors  on  safety  performance,  incidents,  and  the  status  of 
improvement initiatives. 

Human Rights and Modern Slavery

In  relation  to  human  rights,  we  seek  to  act  in  a  way  that  aligns  with  the  Organization  for  Economic  Co-operation  and 
Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. 
We are committed to conducting our business in an ethical and responsible manner, including by carrying out our activities in a 
manner that respects fundamental human rights and supports the prevention of human rights violations within our business. We 
strive to embed this into our core business activities, including training, communications, contracts and due diligence processes 
set out in our Human Rights and Anti-Modern Slavery Policy (“Human Rights Policy”), Sustainability Due Diligence Protocol 
and Vendor Management Program.

Integrity,  fairness  and  respect  are  hallmarks  of  our  culture,  including  by  carrying  out  our  activities  by  respecting  fundamental 
human  rights  and  our  efforts  to  identify  and  prevent  human  rights  violations  within  our  business  and  supply  chain.  We  are 
committed to maintaining a workplace free of discrimination, violence and harassment and we expect our staff to act in a way 
which promotes a positive working environment. Our Human Rights Policy aims to codify our approach to minimizing the risk of 
modern  slavery  within  our  business  and  supply  chain.  We  also  have  specific  tools  and  processes  aimed  at  identifying  human 
rights and modern slavery as part of due diligence for new investments and which include risk assessments, remedies, training and 
governance.

In addition, our Human Rights Policy consolidates the relevant commitments set out in the Code, Sustainability Policy, financial 
crimes policies, and the Whistleblowing Policy. We also have several additional policies and procedures that provide guidance on 
the identification of human rights and modern slavery risks and the steps to be taken to mitigate these risks. These include our 
Vendor Code of Conduct and Anti-Money Laundering and Trade Sanctions Policy. We are cognizant of the fact that the risks of 
human rights, modern slavery and human trafficking are complex and evolving, and we will continue to work on addressing them.

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Governance

Strong governance is essential to sustainable business operations, and we aim to conduct our business according to high ethical 
and legal standards.

Sustainability Regulation and Frameworks

Our governance practices are the foundation upon which we operate our business. We continue to adapt and enhance our policies 
to meet evolving standards and regulations in our industry, including legislation, guidelines and practices in all jurisdictions in 
which we operate.

We seek to continuously improve and refine our processes by actively participating in the development and implementation of 
new industry standards and best practices.

Data Privacy and Cybersecurity

Data privacy and cybersecurity remain key sustainability focus areas. Brookfield undertook initiatives to further enhance our data 
protection  and  threat-intelligence  capabilities,  and  Brookfield  worked  on  improving  our  processes  for  third-party  risk 
management.  Brookfield  reviews  and  updates  our  cybersecurity  program  annually  and  conducts  regular  external-party 
assessments  of  our  program  maturity  based  on  the  National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology  (“NIST”)  Cybersecurity 
Framework.  Finally,  in  addition  to  continued  mandatory  cybersecurity  education  for  all  employees,  Brookfield  enhanced  our 
phishing simulations to include more advanced simulations and social engineering.

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BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

24

ORGANIZATION OF MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (“MD&A”)

PART 1 – OVERVIEW OF OUR BUSINESS

Real Estate     ...................................................................

Introduction      ..................................................................

Basis of Presentation   ....................................................

Business History  ...........................................................

Business Overview    .......................................................

Value Creation   ..............................................................

Competitive Advantages    ..............................................

Our People    ....................................................................

Investment Process     .......................................................

Products and Principal Strategies    .................................

PART 2 – REVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

Income Statement Analysis    ..........................................

Balance Sheet Analysis   ................................................

Cash Flows Statement Analysis     ...................................

Summary of Quarterly Results      .....................................

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Private Equity   ..............................................................

Credit and Other    ..........................................................

PART 6 – RECONCILIATION OF U.S. GAAP TO 

NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliation of Net Income to Fee-Related 

Earnings and Distributable Earnings      ........................

Reconciliation of Revenues to Fee Revenues    .............

PART 7 – LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity   ......................................................................

Capital Resources    ........................................................

Contractual Obligations    ..............................................

Exposures to Financial Instruments     ............................

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements     ...............................

Related Party Transactions   ..........................................

PART 3 – KEY FINANCIAL OPERATING MEASURES

Recent Developments  ..................................................

Non-GAAP Measures      ..................................................

50

PART 8 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT

Supplemental Financial Measures Utilized by 

 ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our Asset Management Business     ..............................

Fee-Bearing Capital Diversification   .............................

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Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgements     .......

Assessments and Changes in Internal Control Over 

PART 4 – ANALYSIS OF KEY NON-GAAP FINANCIAL 

Financial Reporting      ..................................................

AND OPERATING MEASURES

PART 9 – BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND 

Distributable Earnings   ..................................................

Fee-Bearing Capital    ......................................................

Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings    .....................

PART 5 – INVESTMENT STRATEGY RESULTS

Renewable Power and Transition     .................................

Infrastructure   ................................................................

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RISK DISCLOSURES

Risks Relating to the Manager    ....................................

Risks Relating to our Business ....................................

Risks Relating to Taxation     ..........................................

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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101

"BAM Ltd." or the "Manager" refers to Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. The "Asset Management Company", the "asset management 
business",  "BAM  ULC",  or  the  "Company"  refers  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC.  Please  refer  to  the  Glossary  of  Terms 
beginning on page 101 which defines certain key terms.

information  about 

Additional 
is  available  on  our  website  at 
www.bam.brookfield.com, on the Canadian Securities Administrators’ website at www.sedarplus.ca and on the EDGAR section of the 
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) website at www.sec.gov.

including  our  Annual  Information  Form, 

the  Manager, 

The  Manager  is  incorporated  in  British  Columbia,  Canada,  and  qualify  as  an  eligible  Canadian  issuer  under  the  Multijurisdictional 
Disclosure  System  and  as  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  as  such  term  is  defined  in  Rule  405  under  the  U.S.  Securities  Act  of  1933,  as 
amended,  and  Rule  3b-4  under  the  U.S.  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended.  As  a  result,  the  Manager  complies  with  U.S. 
continuous  reporting  requirements  by  filing  the  Canadian  disclosure  documents  with  the  SEC;  the  Manager's  annual  report  is  filed 
under Form 40-F and the Manager furnishes its quarterly interim reports under Form 6-K.

Information  contained  in  or  otherwise  accessible  through  the  websites  mentioned  throughout  this  report  does  not  form  part  of  this 
report. All references in this report to websites are inactive textual references and are not incorporated by reference. Any other reports 
of the company referred to herein are not incorporated by reference unless explicitly stated otherwise.

25

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND 
INFORMATION

This  MD&A  contains  “forward-looking  information”  within  the  meaning  of  Canadian  provincial  securities  laws  and  “forward-
looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  the  U.S.  Securities  Act  of  1933,  the  U.S.  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  “safe 
harbor” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and in any applicable Canadian securities 
regulations  (collectively,  “forward-looking  statements”).  Forward-looking  statements  include  statements  that  are  predictive  in 
nature, depend upon or refer to future results, events or conditions, and include, but are not limited to, statements which reflect 
management’s  current  estimates,  beliefs  and  assumptions  regarding  the  operations,  business,  financial  condition,  expected 
financial  results,  performance,  prospects,  opportunities,  priorities,  targets,  goals,  ongoing  objectives,  strategies,  capital 
management and outlook of the Manager, the Asset Management Company and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for North 
American  and  international  economies  for  the  current  fiscal  year  and  subsequent  periods,  and  which  are  in  turn  based  on  our 
experience  and  perception  of  historical  trends,  current  conditions  and  expected  future  developments,  as  well  as  other  factors 
management believes are appropriate in the circumstances. The estimates, beliefs and assumptions of the Manager are inherently 
subject  to  significant  business,  economic,  competitive  and  other  uncertainties  and  contingencies  regarding  future  events  and  as 
such,  are  subject  to  change.  Forward-looking  statements  are  typically  identified  by  words  such  as  “expect”,  “anticipate”, 
“believe”,  “foresee”,  “could”,  “estimate”,  “goal”,  “intend”,  “plan”,  “seek”,  “strive”,  “will”,  “may”  and  “should”  and  similar 
expressions.

Although  the  Manager  believes  that  such  forward-looking  statements  are  based  upon  reasonable  estimates,  beliefs  and 
assumptions, actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to 
differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

the Manager’s lack of independent means of generating revenue;

the Manager’s material assets consisting solely of its interest in the Asset Management Company;

challenges  relating  to  maintaining  our  relationship  with  the  Corporation  (as  defined  below)  and  potential  conflicts  of 
interest;

the Manager being a newly formed company;

our liability for our asset management business;

the difficulty for investors to effect service of process and enforce judgments in the United States, Canada and/or other 
applicable jurisdictions;

the impact on growth in Fee-Bearing Capital of poor product development or marketing efforts;

our ability to maintain our global reputation;

volatility in the trading price of the Class A Shares;

being subjected to numerous laws, rules and regulatory requirements;

the potential ineffectiveness of our policies to prevent violations of applicable law;

• meeting our financial obligations due to our cash flow from our asset management business;

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

foreign currency risk and exchange rate fluctuations;

requirement of temporary investments and backstop commitments to support our asset management business;

rising interest rates;

revenues impacted by a decline in the size or pace of investments made by our managed assets;

our earnings growth can vary, which may affect our dividend and the trading price of the Class A Shares;

exposed risk due to increased amount and type of investment products in our managed assets;

difficulty in maintaining our culture or managing our human capital;

political instability or changes in government;

inflationary pressures;

26

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

unfavorable economic conditions or changes in the industries in which we operate;

catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or pandemics/epidemics;

deficiencies in public company financial reporting and disclosures;

ineffective management of sustainability considerations, and inadequate or ineffective health and safety programs;

failure of our information technology systems;

us and our managed assets becoming involved in legal disputes;

losses not covered by insurance;

inability to collect on amounts owing to us;

information barriers that may give rise to conflicts and risks;

risks  related  to  our  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  private  equity,  real  estate,  and  other  alternatives, 
including credit strategies;

risks relating to Canadian and United States taxation laws; and

other factors described in this MD&A. 

We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive and other factors could also 
adversely affect future results. Readers are urged to consider these risks, as well as other uncertainties, factors and assumptions 
carefully  in  evaluating  the  forward-looking  statements  and  are  cautioned  not  to  place  undue  reliance  on  such  forward-looking 
statements,  which  are  based  only  on  information  available  to  us  as  of  the  date  of  this  MD&A.  Except  as  required  by  law,  the 
Manager undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, that may 
be as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. For further information on these known and unknown risks, please 
see Part 9 “Business Environment and Risk Disclosures”.

Certain of the information contained herein is based on or derived from information provided by independent third-party sources. 
While the Manager believes that such information is accurate as of the date it was produced and that the sources from which such 
information has been obtained are reliable, the Manager makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, with respect to 
the accuracy, reasonableness or completeness of any of the information or the assumptions on which such information is based, 
contained herein, including but not limited to, information obtained from third parties.

27

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING THE USE OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

The Manager and the Asset Management Company prepare their financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). This MD&A discloses a number of non-GAAP financial and 
supplemental financial measures which are utilized in monitoring the Manager and our asset management business, including for 
performance  measurement,  capital  allocation  and  valuation  purposes.  The  Manager  believes  that  providing  these  performance 
measures  is  helpful  to  investors  in  assessing  the  overall  performance  of  our  asset  management  business.  These  non-GAAP 
financial  measures  should  not  be  considered  as  the  sole  measure  of  the  Manager’s  or  our  asset  management  business’ 
performance  and  should  not  be  considered  in  isolation  from,  or  as  a  substitute  for,  similar  financial  measures  calculated  in 
conformity with U.S. GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP measures include, but are not limited to: (i) distributable earnings 
(“Distributable Earnings”), (ii) fee revenues (“Fee Revenues”) and (iii) fee-related earnings (“Fee-Related Earnings”). These 
non-GAAP measures are not standardized financial measures and may not be comparable to similar financial measures used by 
other  issuers.  Supplemental  financial  measures  include  assets  under  management  (“AUM”),  fee-bearing  capital  (“Fee-Bearing 
Capital”)  and  uncalled  fund  commitments.  The  Manager  includes  the  asset  management  activities  of  Oaktree  (meaning 
collectively  Oaktree  Capital  II,  L.P.,  Oaktree  Capital  Management,  L.P.,  Oaktree  AIF  Investments,  L.P.,  Oaktree  Capital 
Management  (Cayman)  L.P.  and  Oaktree  Investment  Holdings,  L.P.  and  their  consolidated  subsidiaries),  an  equity  accounted 
affiliate, in its key financial and operating measures for the asset management business. 

For  more  information  on  non-GAAP  measures  and  other  financial  metrics,  see  “Key  Financial  and  Operating  Measures”  and 
“Glossary  of  Terms”  in  our  MD&A.  Reconciliations  of  these  non-GAAP  financial  measures  to  the  most  directly  comparable 
financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, where applicable, are included in Part 6 "Reconciliation of 
U.S. GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures" of this MD&A. The MD&A is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR 
at www.sec.gov/edgar.

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PART 1
OVERVIEW OF OUR BUSINESS

Introduction

This  management’s  discussion  and  analysis  (“MD&A”)  included  in  this  Annual  Report  presents  the  financial  position  of 
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the "Manager") as at December 31, 2023, and December 
31, 2022, and the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the period from July 4, 2022 to December 
31, 2022. This MD&A also presents the financial position of Brookfield Asset Management ULC and its consolidated subsidiaries 
(the  "Asset  Management  Company",  the  "asset  management  business"  or  the  "Company")  as  at  December  31,  2023,  and 
December  31,  2022,  and  the  results  of  operations  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023  and  2022.  Unless  context  suggest 
otherwise,  references  to  "we",  "us",  and  "our"  refers  to  our  asset  management  business  and  the  Manager,  individually  or 
collectively, where applicable. 

The  information  in  this  MD&A  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  following  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included 
elsewhere in this Annual Report: (i) the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Manager as at December 31, 2023 and 
December 31, 2022, and the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, and for the period from July 4, 2022 to 
December 31, 2022 (ii) the audited Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of the Asset Management Company as at 
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The financial information contained in this MD&A is presented in U.S. dollars and, unless otherwise indicated, all references to 
“$” are to U.S. dollars.

Basis of Presentation

The Manager, a Canadian corporation, through its ownership interests in its single investment, our asset management business, is 
a leading global alternative asset manager. The Manager was incorporated on July 4, 2022 and does not have historical operations 
or activities. The Manager’s sole material asset is its 25% interest in the Asset Management Company, which is accounted for 
using the equity method. The Manager’s returns are earned from its interest in our asset management business, and therefore this 
MD&A focuses on the results and operations thereof, underlying the equity earnings of the Manager.

All financial data is presented in U.S. dollars and, unless otherwise indicated, has been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 
Non-GAAP measures used in this MD&A are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Business History

The  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  were  formed  by  Brookfield  Corporation  (the  “Corporation”),  formerly 
known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc., to facilitate a plan of arrangement (the “Arrangement”). The Arrangement, which 
closed on December 9, 2022, involved the division of Brookfield Asset Management Inc. into two publicly traded companies – 
the  Manager,  which  is  listed  on  the  NYSE  and  TSX  under  the  ticker  symbol  “BAM”,  is  a  pure-play  leading  global  alternative 
asset management business; and the Corporation, listed under the ticker symbol "BN", a leading global investment firm focused 
on building long-term wealth for institutions and individuals around the world. 

The Manager allows investors to directly access the global alternative asset management business previously carried on by the 
Corporation and its subsidiaries. This business is now owned and operated through the Asset Management Company, which is 
owned approximately 75% by the Corporation and approximately 25% by the Manager. 

Business Overview

We are one of the world’s leading global alternative asset managers, with $916 billion of assets under management ("AUM") as 
of  December  31,  2023,  across  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  real  estate,  private  equity,  and  credit.  We  invest 
client capital for the long-term with a focus on real assets and essential service businesses that form the backbone of the global 
economy. We draw on our heritage as an owner and operator to invest for value and generate strong returns for our clients across 
economic cycles.

To do this, we leverage our team of over 2,400 investment and asset management professionals, our global reach, deep operating 
expertise, and access to large-scale capital to identify attractive investment opportunities and invest on a proprietary basis. Our 
investment approach and strong track record have been the foundation and driver of our growth.

29

We provide a highly diversified suite of alternative investment strategies to our clients and are constantly seeking to innovate new 
strategies to meet their needs. We have approximately 50 unique active strategies that span a wide range of risk-adjusted returns, 
including opportunistic, value-add, core, super-core, and credit. We evaluate the performance of these product offerings and our 
investment strategies using a number of non-GAAP measures as outlined in "Key Financial and Operating Measures" within this 
MD&A. The Manager utilizes Fee-Bearing Capital, Fee Revenues, Fee-Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings to assess the 
performance of our asset management business.

We are in a fortunate position to be trusted with our clients’ capital and our objective is to meet their financial goals and provide 
for  a  better  financial  future  while  providing  a  market  leading  experience.  Our  team  of  approximately  200  client  service 
professionals across 18 global offices are dedicated to ensuring that the business is exceeding their service expectations.

We have over 2,300 clients, with some of our clients being among the world’s largest institutional investors, including sovereign 
wealth funds, pension plans, endowments, foundations, financial institutions, insurance companies, and individual investors.

Our guiding principle is to operate our business and conduct our relationships with the highest level of integrity. Our emphasis on 
diversity  and  inclusion  reinforces  our  culture  of  collaboration,  allowing  us  to  attract  and  retain  top  talent.  We  strive  to  embed 
strong sustainability practices throughout our business, underpinning our goal of having a positive impact on the communities and 
environment in which we operate.

Value Creation

We create shareholder value by increasing the earnings profile of our asset management business. Alternative asset management 
businesses  such  as  ours  are  typically  valued  based  on  a  multiple  of  their  Fee-Related  Earnings  and  performance  income. 
Accordingly, we create value by increasing the amount and quality of Fee-Related Earnings and carried interest, net of associated 
costs.  This  growth  is  achieved  primarily  by  expanding  the  amount  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  we  manage,  earning  performance 
income such as carried interest, through strong investment results and maintaining competitive operating margins.

As  at  December  31,  2023,  we  had  Fee-Bearing  Capital  of  $457  billion,  of  which  86%  is  long-dated  or  perpetual  in  nature, 
providing significant stability to our earnings profile. We consider Fee-Bearing Capital that is long-dated or perpetual in nature to 
be  Fee-Bearing  Capital  relating  to  our  long-term  private  funds,  which  are  typically  committed  for  10  years  with  2  one-year 
extension options, and Fee-Bearing Capital relating to our perpetual strategies, which include our permanent capital vehicles as 
well as capital we manage in our perpetual core and core plus private fund strategies. We seek to increase our Fee-Bearing Capital 
by growing the size of our existing product offerings and developing new strategies that cater to our clients’ investment needs. We 
also  aim  to  deepen  our  existing  institutional  relationships,  develop  new  institutional  relationships,  and  access  new  distribution 
channels such as high net worth individuals and retail.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a diversified client base of over 2,300 clients, which continues to grow. Our private wealth 
channel also continues to grow and represents over 5% of capital raised. We have a dedicated team of over 100 people that are 
focused on distributing and developing catered products to the private wealth channel.

We are also actively progressing new growth strategies, including transition, insurance, secondaries, and technology. These new 
initiatives, in addition  to our existing strategies are expected to have a very meaningful impact on our growth trajectory in the 
long term.

As we grow our Fee-Bearing Capital, we earn incremental base management fees. In order to support this growth, we have been 
growing our team of investment and asset management professionals. Our costs are predominantly in the form of compensation 
for the over 2,400 professionals we employ globally.

When  deploying  our  clients’  capital,  we  seek  to  leverage  our  competitive  advantages  to  acquire  high-quality  real  assets  and 
essential service businesses that form the backbone of the global economy. We use our global reach and access to scale capital to 
source attractive investment opportunities and leverage our deep operating expertise to underwrite investments and create value 
throughout our ownership. Our goal is to deliver superior investment returns to our clients and successfully doing so should result 
in the growth of realized carried interest over time.

We  generate  robust  Distributable  Earnings,  which  is  our  primary  financial  performance  metric.  Distributable  Earnings  of  the 
Manager  represent  our  share  of  Distributable  Earnings  from  the  Asset  Management  Company  less  general  and  administrative 
expenses, but excluding equity-based compensation costs of the Manager. The Manager intends to pay out approximately 90% of 
its Distributable Earnings to shareholders quarterly and reinvest the balance back into the business. 

We  also  monitor  the  broader  markets  and  occasionally  identify  attractive,  strategic  investment  opportunities  that  have  the 
potential to supplement our existing business. We expect acquisitions to allow us to achieve immediate scale in a new asset class 

30

or grant us access to additional distribution channels. An example of such growth is the partnership we formed with Oaktree in 
2019, which deepened the capabilities we offer our clients and better positions us across market cycles. Such acquisitions may 
occur from time to time should they be additive to our franchise, attractive to our clients, and accretive to our shareholders.

Competitive Advantages

We seek to harness the following four distinct competitive advantages that enable us to consistently identify and acquire high-
quality assets and create significant value in the assets that we invest in and operate on behalf of our clients.

Large Scale

We  have  $916  billion  in  assets  under  management  and  approximately  $457  billion  in  Fee-Bearing  Capital  as  of  December  31, 
2023. We offer our investors a large portfolio of private funds that have global mandates and diversified strategies. Our access to 
large-scale, flexible capital that is further enhanced by our relationship with the Corporation, enables us to pursue transactions of a 
size that others cannot.

Operating Expertise

We are supported globally by approximately 240,000 operating employees of our managed businesses, who are instrumental in 
maximizing  the  value  and  cash  flows  of  our  managed  assets.  We  believe  that  strong  operating  experience  is  essential  in 
maximizing  efficiency  and  productivity  –  and  ultimately,  returns.  We  do  this  by  maintaining  a  culture  of  long-term  focus, 
alignment of interest and collaboration through the people we hire, our compensation philosophy, and our operating philosophy. 
This  operating  expertise  developed  through  our  heritage  as  an  owner-operator  is  invaluable  in  underwriting  acquisitions  and 
executing value-creating development and capital projects.

Global Reach

We invest on behalf of our clients in more than 30 countries on five continents around the world. We believe that our global reach 
allows us to diversify and identify a broad range of opportunities. We can invest where capital is scarce, and we believe that our 
scale enables us to move quickly and pursue multiple opportunities across different markets. Our global reach also allows us to 
operate our assets more effectively: we believe that a strong on-the-ground presence is critical to operating successfully in many 
of our markets, and many of our businesses are truly local. Furthermore, the combination of our strong local presence and global 
reach enables us to bring global relationships and operating practices to bear across markets to enhance returns.

Brookfield Ecosystem

The  unique  intelligence  we  generate  from  the  ongoing  interconnectivity  between  our  over  $900  billion  portfolio,  our  global 
partnerships and our visibility into global capital flows helps us identify themes and trends in investing, spot pockets of value and 
source attractive investment opportunities. This competitive advantage has allowed us to build leading positions in assets classes 
that are most in favor and deliver strong investment returns to our clients across multiple business cycles.

Our People

We  have  a  team  of  over  2,400  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  that  are  integral  to  the  business,  including 
individuals focused on our core investment strategies and those undertaking various corporate activities. Approximately 200 of 
these are employed by the Manager and the remainder are employed by the Asset Management Company and their subsidiaries. 
The Manager provides the services of our employees to the Asset Management Company on a cost recovery basis under the Asset 
Management Services Agreement, which is described in Note 1 of the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of the 
Asset Management Company - "Organization". Our long-term approach to our business influences everything we do, including 
how we make investment decisions, how we support and oversee our businesses, and how we develop our people and compensate 
them. Our employee compensation programs link a significant portion of employee rewards to successful investment outcomes. 
Our emphasis on fostering collaboration enables us to benefit from a diverse set of skills and experiences. Our talent management 
processes and our approach to long-term compensation encourage collaboration. This shows itself in a number of ways, including 
in  the  sharing  of  expertise  and  best  practices  through  both  formal  and  informal  channels  and  building  relationships  and 
capabilities through employee secondments and transfers.

We have a group of dedicated operations professionals in all our key regions that have extensive experience leading businesses. 
We take an active role in enhancing the performance of the assets and businesses we acquire. As a result, our operations team is 
fully integrated – meaning our operations professionals sit alongside our experienced investment team working hand in hand from 
diligence to the execution of our business plan and through the monetization phase of an investment. The team works closely with 
the senior management teams of the companies in which we invest to develop and implement business improvements that enable 

31

us to increase cash flow and our return on capital. While enhancement opportunities may differ across assets and businesses, they 
generally involve a combination of strategic repositioning, focus on operational excellence and enhanced commercial execution.

We recognize that people drive our success, and therefore hiring, developing and retaining our people is one of our top priorities. 
We  do  this  by  ensuring  our  people  are  constantly  engaged  and  provide  a  wide  range  of  development  opportunities  across  all 
levels.  We  aim  to  create  an  environment  that  is  built  on  strong  relationships  and  conducive  to  developing  our  workforce,  and 
where individuals from diverse backgrounds can thrive.

Investment Process

Our Investment Process Leads to Value Creation

Earning  robust  returns  on  the  investments  we  make  on  behalf  of  our  clients  enhances  our  ability  to  increase  our  Fee-Bearing 
Capital and generates carried interest, both of which grow our cash flows and create value for our shareholders.

1. Raise Capital

As an asset manager, the starting point to the investment cycle is establishing new funds and other investment products for our 
clients.  This  in  turn  provides  the  capital  to  invest,  from  which  we  earn  base  management  fees,  incentive  distributions  and 
performance-based returns such as carried interest. Accordingly, we create value by increasing our amount of Fee-Bearing Capital 
and by achieving strong investment performance that leads to growth in Fee-Bearing Capital and increased cash flows.

2. Identify and Acquire High-Quality Assets

We follow a value-based approach to investing and allocating capital. We believe that our disciplined approach, global reach and 
our operating expertise afford us access to a wide range of potential opportunities and enable us to invest at attractive valuations 
and  generate  superior  risk-adjusted  returns  for  our  clients.  We  also  leverage  our  considerable  expertise  in  executing 
recapitalizations, operational turnarounds and large development and capital projects, providing additional opportunities to deploy 
capital.

3. Secure Long-Term Financing

We finance the investments we make on behalf of our clients predominantly on a long-term investment-grade basis and asset-by-
asset,  where  possible,  with  minimal  recourse.  This  financing  approach  provides  us  with  considerable  stability,  improves  our 
ability  to  withstand  financial  downturns  and  enables  our  asset  management  teams  to  focus  on  operations  and  other  growth 
initiatives.

4. Enhance Value and Cash Flows Through Operating Expertise

We use our operating capabilities to increase the value of the assets within our product offerings and the cash flows they produce, 
and  they  help  to  protect  our  clients’  capital  in  adverse  conditions.  The  combination  of  operating  expertise,  development 
capabilities and effective financing can help ensure that an investment’s full value creation potential is realized, which we believe 
is one of our most important competitive advantages.

5. Realize Capital from Asset Sales or Refinancing

We  actively  monitor  opportunities  to  sell  or  refinance  assets  to  generate  proceeds  for  our  investors.  Capital  generated  in  our 
limited life funds is returned to investors, and in the case of our perpetual funds, we then redeploy the capital to enhance returns. 
In many cases, returning capital from private funds completes the investment process, locks in investor returns and gives rise to 
performance income.

32

Products and Principal Strategies

Our products broadly fall into one of three categories: (i) long-term private funds, (ii) permanent capital vehicles and perpetual 
strategies,  and  (iii)  liquid  strategies.  These  are  invested  across  five  principal  strategies:  (i)  renewable  power  and  transition,  (ii) 
infrastructure, (iii) real estate, (iv) private equity, and (v) credit and other.

Renewable Power and Transition

Overview

• We  are  a  leading  global  investment  manager  in  renewable  power  and  transition,  with  $102  billion  of  AUM  as  of 

December 31, 2023.

•

Clean  energy  occupies  a  uniquely  complementary  position  to  the  global  goals  of  net-zero  emissions,  low-cost  energy, 
and energy security. We believe that the growing global demand for low-carbon energy, especially amongst corporate 
off-takers, will lead to continued growth opportunities for us in the future. The investment environment for renewable 
power  and  transition  remains  favorable  and  we  expect  to  continue  to  advance  our  substantial  pipeline  of  renewable 
power and transition opportunities on behalf of our clients and managed assets.

• We have approximately 140 investment and asset management professionals globally that are focused on our renewable 
power  and  transition  strategy,  supported  by  approximately  19,200  operating  employees  in  the  renewable  power  and 
transition operating businesses that we manage. Our extensive experience and knowledge in this industry enable us to be 
a leader in all major technologies with deep operating and development capabilities.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

Brookfield  Global  Transition  Fund  (“BGTF”)  is  our  flagship  transition  fund  series  which  is  focused  on  investments 
aimed at accelerating the global transition to a net-zero carbon economy. The mandate of this product is to assist utility, 
energy and industrial businesses reduce carbon dioxide emissions, expand low-carbon and renewable energy production 
levels and advance sustainable solutions.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We  also  manage  Brookfield  Renewable  Partners  L.P.  (“BEP”),  one  of  the  world’s  largest  publicly  traded  renewable 
power  platforms,  which  is  listed  on  the  NYSE  and  TSX  and  had  a  market  capitalization  of  over  $17.9  billion  as  of 
December 31, 2023.

Across our renewable power and transition products, we have invested on behalf of our clients in:

•

Hydroelectric  operations,  through  river  systems  and  facilities  that  provide  electricity  and  have  grid  stabilizing 
capabilities;

• Wind operations that use turbines to create electricity;

•

•

•

Utility solar operations that harness energy from the sun to generate electricity; 

Distributed  energy  and  storage  which  provides  small-scale  generation  that  can  be  locally  installed,  and  pump  storage 
facilities; and 

Sustainable  solutions  including  renewable  natural  gas,  carbon  capture  and  storage,  recycling,  cogeneration  biomass, 
nuclear services, and power transformation.

Infrastructure

Overview

• We are one of the world’s largest investment managers in infrastructure, with $191 billion of AUM as of December 31, 

2023. 

• We  focus  on  acquiring  high-quality  businesses  on  behalf  of  our  clients  that  deliver  essential  goods  and  services, 
diversified across the utilities, transport, midstream and data infrastructure sectors. We partner closely with management 
teams to enable long-term success through operational and other improvements. 

33

• We  have  approximately  240  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  globally  that  are  focused  on  our 
infrastructure  strategy,  supported  by  approximately  53,400  operating  employees  in  the  infrastructure  operating 
businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

•

Brookfield Infrastructure Funds (“BIF”) is our flagship infrastructure fund series. In this product offering, we invest on 
behalf of our clients in high-quality infrastructure assets on a value basis and seek to add value through the investment 
life cycle by utilizing our operations-oriented approach.

Brookfield Infrastructure Debt (“BID”) is our infrastructure debt fund series, which invests on behalf of our clients in 
mezzanine debt investments in high-quality, core infrastructure assets. 

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We  manage  Brookfield  Infrastructure  Partners  L.P.  (“BIP”),  one  of  the  largest,  pure-play,  publicly  traded  global 
infrastructure  platforms,  which  is  listed  on  the  NYSE  and  TSX  and  had  a  market  capitalization  of  $25.6  billion  as  of 
December  31,  2023.  In  this  product  offering,  we  invest  on  behalf  of  our  clients  in  high-quality,  long-life  assets  that 
provide essential products and services for the global economy. 

• We manage Brookfield Super-Core Infrastructure Partners (“BSIP”), which is our perpetual infrastructure private fund 
strategy. In this product offering, we invest on behalf of our clients in core infrastructure assets in developed markets, 
with a focus on yield, diversification, and inflation-protection.

• We also manage Brookfield Infrastructure Income Fund (“BII”), a semi-liquid infrastructure product strategy, offering 

private wealth investors access to our best-in-class infrastructure platform.

The infrastructure investments that we manage provide a diversified exposure for our clients to scarce, high-quality businesses 
that benefit from significant barriers to entry and deliver essential goods and services. Through the various products outlined, we 
have invested in: 

•

•

•

•

Regulated or contracted businesses that earn a return on asset base, including electricity and gas connections, natural gas 
pipelines and electricity transmission lines;

Systems involved in the movement of freight, commodities and passengers, including rail operations, toll roads, terminal 
and export facilities;

Assets  that  handle  the  movement  and  storage  of  commodities  from  a  source  of  supply  to  a  demand  center,  including 
transmission pipelines, natural gas process plants and natural gas storage; and

Businesses that provide essential services and critical infrastructure to transmit and store data globally, including telecom 
towers and active rooftop sites, fiber optic cable and data centers.

Real Estate

Overview

• We are one of the world’s largest investment managers in real estate, with over $276 billion of AUM as of December 31, 

2023. 

• We  have  invested,  on  behalf  of  clients,  in  iconic  properties  in  the  world’s  most  dynamic  markets  with  the  goal  of 

generating stable and growing distributions for our investors while protecting them against downside risk. 

• We  have  approximately  660  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  that  are  focused  on  generating  superior 
returns  across  our  real  estate  strategies,  supported  by  approximately  29,400  operating  employees  in  the  real  estate 
operating businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

Our opportunistic real estate flagship fund series is Brookfield Strategic Real Estate Partners (“BSREP”). Through this 
product, we invest globally across various sectors and geographies on behalf of our clients in high-quality real estate with 
a focus on large, complex, distressed assets, turnarounds, and recapitalizations.

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•

Our  commercial  real  estate  debt  fund  series,  Brookfield  Real  Estate  Finance  Fund  (“BREF”),  targets  investments  in 
transactions,  predominantly  in  the  U.S.,  that  are  senior  to  traditional  equity  and  subordinate  to  first  mortgages  or 
investment-grade corporate debt. 

• We  also  manage  a  real  estate  secondaries  strategy,  Brookfield  Real  Estate  Secondaries  (“BRES”),  with  a  focus  on 

providing liquidity solutions for other real estate general partners. 

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We manage $18 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital in Brookfield Property Group (“BPG”) as of December 31, 2023, which 
we  invest,  on  behalf  of  the  Corporation,  directly  in  real  estate  assets  or  through  our  real  estate  private  fund  offerings. 
BPG  owns,  operates,  and  develops  iconic  properties  in  the  world’s  most  dynamic  markets  with  a  global  portfolio  of 
office,  retail,  multifamily,  logistics,  hospitality,  land  and  housing,  triple  net  lease,  manufactured  housing,  and  student 
housing assets on five continents. 

• We  also  manage  capital  in  our  perpetual  private  fund  real  estate  strategy,  Brookfield  Premier  Real  Estate  Partners 
(“BPREP”). This is a core plus strategy that invests in high-quality, stabilized real assets located primarily in the U.S. 
with a focus on office, retail, multifamily and logistics real estate assets. We also have two regional BPREP strategies 
that are dedicated specifically to investments in Australia (“BPREP-A”) and Europe (“BPREP-E”).

• We manage capital across our perpetual real estate debt strategy, Brookfield Senior Mezzanine Real Estate Finance Fund 
(“BSREF”). We seek to originate, acquire, and actively manage investments in U.S. senior commercial real estate debt 
for this strategy.

• We also manage a non-traded REIT, Brookfield Real Estate Income Trust (“Brookfield REIT”), which is a semi-liquid 
strategy  catering  specifically  to  the  private  wealth  channel.  This  product  invests  in  high  quality  income-producing 
opportunities globally through equity or real estate-related debt. 

Through the various products outlined, we have invested in multiple asset classes including:

•

•

•

•

Office properties in key gateway cities in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, Australia, Brazil and India;

High-quality  retail  destinations  that  are  central  gathering  places  for  the  communities  they  serve,  combining  shopping, 
dining, entertainment and other activities;

Full-service  hotels  and  leisure-style  hospitality  assets  in  high-barrier  markets  across  North  America,  the  U.K.  and 
Australia; and

High-quality  assets  with  operational  upside  across  multifamily,  alternative  living,  life  sciences  and  logistics  sectors 
globally.

Private Equity

Overview

• We are a leading private equity investment manager with $130 billion of AUM as of December 31, 2023. 

• We focus on high-quality businesses that provide essential products and services, diversified across business services and 
industrials  sectors.  We  partner  closely  with  management  teams  to  enable  long-term  success  through  operational  and 
other improvements. 

• We  have  approximately  280  investment  and  asset  management  professionals  globally  that  are  focused  on  our  private 
equity strategy, supported by approximately 133,700 operating employees in the operating businesses that we manage.

Our Products

Long-term Private Funds

•

Our  global  opportunistic  flagship  fund  series,  Brookfield  Capital  Partners  (“BCP”),  is  our  leading  private  equity 
offering. The series of funds focuses on owning and operating operations that benefit from a strong competitive position, 
with high barriers to entry that provide essential products and services. We seek to build value through enhancing the 
cash flows of our businesses by improving strategy and execution and opportunistically recycling capital generated from 
operations and dispositions.

35

•

•

•

Our  special  investments  strategy,  Brookfield  Special  Investments  (“BSI”),  is  focused  on  structured,  large-scale,  non-
control  investments.  This  product  capitalizes  on  transactions  that  do  not  fit  our  traditional  control-oriented  flagship 
private  equity  fund  series.  Transactions  may  include  recapitalizations  or  strategic  growth  capital  where  we  expect  to 
generate equity-like returns while ensuring downside protection through contracted returns.

Our  growth  equity  strategy,  Brookfield  Growth  (“BTG”),  focuses  on  investing  in  technology-related  growth  stage 
companies that surround our broader ecosystem of managed assets.

Our secondaries strategy, Brookfield Sponsor Solutions (“BSS”), provides bespoke capital solutions to sponsor-backed 
companies at an inflection point of growth. 

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

• We  manage  Brookfield  Business  Partners  L.P.  (“BBU”),  which  is  a  publicly  traded  global  business  services  and 
industrials company focused on owning and operating high-quality providers of essential products and services. BBU is 
listed on the NYSE and TSX and had a market capitalization of $4.7 billion as at December 31, 2023. 

Our  private  equity  vehicles  acquire  high-quality  operations  globally.  The  broad  investment  mandate  provides  us  with  the 
flexibility to invest on behalf of our clients across multiple industries through many forms. Through the various products outlined 
above, we have invested on behalf of our clients in:

•

•

•

Leading  service  providers  to  large-scale  infrastructure  assets,  including  a  leading  provider  of  work  access  services, 
modular building leasing services and a leading global provider of lottery services and technology solutions;

Operationally  intense  industrial  businesses  that  benefit  from  a  strong  competitive  position,  including  a  leading  global 
provider of advanced automotive battery technology, a leading private water and wastewater services company in Brazil, 
and  a  leading  manufacturer  of  engineered  components  for  industrial  trailers  and  other  towable  equipment  providers, 
among others; and

Essential  services  providers,  including  the  largest  private  sector  residential  mortgage  insurer  in  Canada  and  a  leading 
provider of software and technology services to automotive dealers.

Credit and Other

Overview

•

As  a  result  of  our  partnership  with  Oaktree  in  2019,  we  established  ourselves  as  a  leader  among  global  investment 
managers specializing in alternative credit investments. As of December 31, 2023, our ownership interest in Oaktree is 
approximately 68%. Oaktree is one of the premier credit franchises globally and an expert in investing across the capital 
structure with an emphasis on an opportunistic, value-oriented, and risk-controlled approach to investing. 

• We provide one of the most comprehensive alternative credit offerings available today, with $164 billion of Fee-Bearing 

Capital as of December 31, 2023, and an experienced team of investment professionals around the world.

Our Products

•

•

•

•

Our  credit  strategies  invest  in  both  liquid  and  illiquid  instruments,  sourced  directly  from  borrowers  and  via  public 
markets.  We  focus  primarily  on  rated  and  non-rated  debt  of  sub-investment  grade  issuers  in  developed  and  emerging 
markets, and we invest in an array of private credit, high yield bonds, convertible securities, leveraged loans, structured 
credit instruments, and opportunistic credit.

The flagship credit strategy, Global Opportunities, seeks to generate current income and long-term capital appreciation 
by investing in private loans to large private-equity-owned companies by focusing on protecting against loss by buying 
claims  on  assets  at  bargain  prices.  We  aim  to  achieve  substantial  gains  by  actively  participating  in  restructurings  to 
restore companies to financial viability and creating value at every stage of the investment process. 

The  recently  launched  credit  strategy,  Oaktree  Lending  Partners  (“OLP”),  seeks  to  generate  current  income  and  long-
term capital appreciation by investing in private loans to large private-equity-owned companies in the U.S. We aim to 
build  a  diverse  portfolio  of  first-lien  secured  loans  to  mature,  buyout,  and  late-stage  (primarily  for  life  sciences 
businesses) companies across industries.

Included  in  our  other  strategies  is  our  Insurance  Solutions  Business,  a  leading  capital  solutions  business  providing 
insurance and reinsurance services to individuals and institutions. This business manages policy capital and deploys it 
across liquid credit strategies, direct loans, and private funds.

36

•

Also included amongst our strategies is our Public Securities Group (“PSG”), which manages the Fee-Bearing Capital 
associated with our liquid strategies. PSG serves institutions and individuals seeking the investment advantages of real 
assets through actively managed listed equity and debt strategies.

37

PART 2
REVIEW OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

Income Statement Analysis

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the financial results of the Manager for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the period from 
July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Operating recoveries     ......................................................................................................... $ 
Expenses

Compensation and benefits   ...............................................................................................
Other operating expense   ...................................................................................................
Carried interest allocation compensation

Realized  ..........................................................................................................................
Unrealized      ......................................................................................................................
Total carried interest allocation compensation    .................................................................
Interest expense   .................................................................................................................
Total expenses     ....................................................................................................................
Share of income from Brookfield Asset Management ULC    ...............................................
Net income  .......................................................................................................................... $ 

For the year ended December 31, 2023

2023
383  $ 

(326)   
(5)   

(24)   
(38)   
(62)   
(9)   
(402)   
470 
451  $ 

2022
37 

(1) 
(35) 

— 
(3) 
(3) 
— 
(39) 
21 
19 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  Manager  recorded  net  income  of  $451  million.  Net  income  consists  of  the 
Manager’s  equity  interest  in  the  earnings  of  the  Asset  Management  Company  and  compensation  and  benefit  costs,  primarily 
attributable  to  executive  compensation  costs  of  the  Manager  and  unrealized  carried  interest  compensation  expense.  A  material 
portion  of  these  costs  are  reimbursed  by  the  Corporation  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  in  accordance  with  the 
Relationship  Agreement  and  the  Asset  Management  Services  Agreement.  Refer  to  the  following  discussion  for  details  on  the 
earnings of the Asset Management Company.

For the period from July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022

During the period ended December 31, 2022, the Manager recorded net income of $19 million, driven mostly by the Manager's 
equity interest in the earnings of the Asset Management Company offset by compensation and benefit costs. A material portion of 
these  costs  are  reimbursed  by  the  Corporation  and  the  asset  management  business  in  accordance  with  the  Asset  Management 
Services Agreement and the Relationship Agreement. Refer to the following discussion for details on the earnings of the Asset 
Management Company.

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations

The  following  table  summarizes  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statement  Of  Operations  for  BAM  ULC  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Revenues

2023

2022

Base management and advisory fees     ........................................................................................................ $ 

3,142  $ 

2,835 

Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized  ..................................................................................................................................................
Unrealized     ..............................................................................................................................................
Total investment income    .............................................................................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue    .....................................................................................................................
Other revenues      ............................................................................................................................................
Total revenues    ............................................................................................................................................
Expenses
Compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses

Compensation and benefits      .......................................................................................................................
Other operating expenses   ..........................................................................................................................
General, administrative and other    .............................................................................................................

Total compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation

Realized     ....................................................................................................................................................
Unrealized     .................................................................................................................................................
Total carried interest allocation compensation  ............................................................................................
Interest expense     ...........................................................................................................................................
Total expenses    .............................................................................................................................................
Other (expenses) income, net    ......................................................................................................................
Share of income from equity accounted investments   ..................................................................................
Income before taxes      ....................................................................................................................................
Income tax expense   .....................................................................................................................................
Net income   ..................................................................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to:     .......................................................................................................................
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated funds   ...................................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest...............................................................................
Non-controlling interest     ............................................................................................................................
Net income attributable to the common stockholders   ........................................................................... $ 

51 
348 

399 
172 
349 

241 
249 

490 
258 
44 

4,062 

3,627 

(1,048)   
(342)   
(56)   

(700) 
(236) 
(81) 

(1,446)   

(1,017) 

(26)   
(60)   

(86)   
(14)   

(1,546)   
(129)   
167 

2,554 
(417)   

2,137 

— 
(262)   
(36)   

(61) 
(139) 

(200) 
(154) 

(1,371) 
1,090 
146 

3,492 
(627) 

2,865 

(909) 
(35) 
(6) 

1,839  $ 

1,915 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Net  income  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  $2.1  billion,  of  which  $1.8  billion  was  attributable  to  common 
stockholders.  This  compares  to  net  income  of  $2.9  billion  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  of  which  $1.9  billion  was 
attributable to common stockholders.

Revenues

Revenues  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  were  $4.1  billion,  which  represents  an  increase  of  $435  million  or  12% 
compared to $3.6 billion of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base Management and Advisory Fees

Base management and advisory fees, excluding incentive distributions, for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $2.8 billion, 
which  represents  an  increase  of  $266  million  or  11%  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022.  The  increase  was 
predominantly driven by incremental contributions from capital raised for our latest flagship funds and capital deployed across 
our complementary strategies. Incentive distributions for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $376 million, an increase of 
$41  million  or  12%  from  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  driven  by  growth  in  BIP  and  BEP's  dividends  of  6%  and  5%, 
respectively.

Carried Interest Allocations

Realized  carried  interest  allocations  were  $51  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  which  represents  a  decrease  of 
$190  million  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022.  Realized  carried  interest  allocations  in  the  year  were  primarily 
driven by dispositions within our real estate flagship funds. Realized carried interest allocations of $241 million for the year ended 
December  31,  2022  were  primarily  driven  by  realizations  within  our  real  estate  long-term  and  perpetual  funds,  as  well  as  a 
realization within our infrastructure business.

Unrealized carried interest allocations were $348 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which represents an increase of 
$99 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The unrealized carried interest allocations were primarily related to 
growth in valuations in our private equity, real estate and transition flagship funds, partially offset by realizations in the year. 

Unrealized carried interest allocations attributable to the asset management business, which represents unrealized carried interest 
on new funds, was $167 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $124 million for the year ended December 
31, 2022. The Asset Management Company is entitled to 66.67% of unrealized carried interest on new funds with the remaining 
33.33% interest attributable to the Corporation.

Interest and Dividend Revenue

Interest  and  dividend  revenue  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  were  $172  million,  which  represents  a  decrease  of 
$86 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was a result of the transfer of certain investments and 
loans of the asset management business to the Corporation as part of the Arrangement. Prior year interest and dividend income 
was earned from legacy investments and interest bearing loans with affiliates.

Other Revenues

Other revenues were $349 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $305 million compared to the year ended 
December  31,  2023.  The  increase  is  due  to  amounts  recoverable  from  the  Corporation  associated  with  share  and  performance 
based compensation as defined by the Relationship Agreement. 

Expenses

Total expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $1.5 billion, an increase of $175 million or 13% compared to the year 
ended December 31, 2022. 

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and benefits for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $1.0 billion, which represents an increase of $348 million 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This is primarily attributable to increased compensation costs resulting from the 
ongoing growth of our asset management business and mark-to-market increases of liability based awards. 

Other Operating Expenses

Other  operating  expenses  are  comprised  of  professional  fees,  facilities  costs,  as  well  as  costs  directly  associated  with  our 
fundraising  and  investment  functions.  Other  operating  expenses  were  $342  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023, 
compared to $236 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to the growth in our 
business relative to the prior year.

Carried Interest Allocation Compensation

Compensation  expenses  related  to  carried  interest  allocation  compensation  were  $86  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2023, which represents a decrease of $114 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This is predominantly driven 
by lower relative valuation gains compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 across certain of our funds. As outlined in the 
Relationship  Agreement,  the  carried  interest  compensation  expense  associated  with  mature  funds  is  fully  recoverable  from  the 
Corporation. Carried interest compensation expense on new funds was $2 million on a net basis.

40

Other (Expenses) Income, net 

Other  (expenses)  income,  net  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  primarily  consists  of  mark-to-market  movements  on  our 
investment in BSREP III and mark-to-market adjustments on call and put options to acquire an additional interest in Oaktree and 
Primary Wave in the future. BSREP III mark-to-market movements and dividend distributions during 2023 are not attributable to 
the Asset Management Company on a net basis. The Asset Management Company also recorded impairment charges associated 
with intangible assets and goodwill of $30 million related to legacy acquisitions, and transaction costs related to the spin-off of the 
asset management business. Other income in the prior year relates to dividend income received from BSREP III. 

Share of Income from Equity Accounted Investments

Our  share  of  income  from  equity  accounted  investments  was  $167  million  compared  to  $146  million  in  the  prior  year,  or  an 
increase  of  14%.  This  is  predominantly  our  share  of  income  from  our  investment  in  Oaktree,  primarily  driven  by  unrealized 
carried interest generated during the year.

Income Tax Expense 

Income  tax  expense  was  $417  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  which  represents  a  decrease  of  $210  million 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was driven by lower taxable income relative to prior year.

Net (Income) Attributable to Preferred Share Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

Net  (income)  attributable  to  preferred  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $262  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2023.  This  balance  primarily  represents  the  movement  in  carried  interest  net  of  carried  interest  allocation  expense  and  taxes 
associated with mature funds owing to the Corporation. 

Net (Income) Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest

Net  (income)  attributable  to  non-controlling  interest  was  $36  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023.  This  balance  is 
primarily the carried interest generated on new funds that is attributable to the Corporation. 

41

Balance Sheet Analysis 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

The  following  table  summarizes  the  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  of  the  Manager  as  at  December  31,  2023  and  December  31, 
2022:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents  .............................................................................................................. $ 
Due from affiliates     .........................................................................................................................
Other assets    ....................................................................................................................................
Investment in Brookfield Asset Management ULC    .......................................................................
Total assets     .................................................................................................................................... $ 

Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  ....................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates    ..............................................................................................................................
Total liabilities     ..............................................................................................................................
Equity

Common Stock:

Class A (unlimited authorized and 413,026,253 issued and 388,733,466 outstanding)     ..
Class B (unlimited authorized and 21,280 issued and outstanding)     ................................
Class A held in treasury (24,292,787 shares)  ..................................................................
Additional paid-in-capital    ............................................................................................................
Retained (deficit) earnings  ...........................................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive income    .................................................................................
Total common equity     .....................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest    ...............................................................................................................
Total equity    ...................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities, non-controlling interest and equity   ................................................................. $ 

As at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 

2023

2022

9  $ 

886 
40 
2,270 
3,205  $ 

859  $ 
261 
1,120 

2,354 
— 
(649)   
403 
(35)   
3 
2,076 
9 
2,085 
3,205  $ 

1 
782 
— 
2,378 
3,161 

781 
3 
784 

2,410 
— 
(330) 
278 
19 
— 
2,377 

— 
2,377 
3,161 

As at December 31, 2023, the Manager’s total assets were $3.2 billion. Total assets consist primarily of the 25% interest in the 
Asset Management Company and reimbursements due from affiliates related to long-term executive compensation programs of 
the Manager. 

As at December 31, 2023, the Manager’s total liabilities were $1.1 billion, an increase of $336 million compared to the prior year, 
driven  by  an  increase  in  due  to  affiliates  of  $258  million  primarily  due  to  draws  on  the  Manager  credit  facility  with  the  Asset 
Management Company to fund share repurchases. 

As at December 31, 2023, the Manager's total equity was $2.1 billion, which decreased by $292 million compared to the prior 
year due to share buybacks and distributions in the year, partially offset by increases in additional paid-in-capital related to stock 
based compensation plans.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets

The following table is the BAM ULC Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 
2022:

2023

2022

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents   .............................................................................................................. $ 
Accounts receivable and other    .......................................................................................................
Due from affiliates    .........................................................................................................................
Investments   ....................................................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment     .......................................................................................................
Intangible assets    .............................................................................................................................
Goodwill       ........................................................................................................................................
Deferred income tax assets    ............................................................................................................
Total assets     .................................................................................................................................... $ 

Liabilities
Accounts payable and other   ........................................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates   ..............................................................................................................................
Deferred income tax liabilities   .......................................................................................................
Total liabilities     ..............................................................................................................................

2,667  $ 
588 
2,504 
7,522 
73 
42 
251 
643 
14,290  $ 

1,799  $ 
986 
40 
2,825 

Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest   ....................................................................

2,166 

Equity
Common equity (common shares - unlimited authorized, 1,635,349,629 issued and 
outstanding)   ....................................................................................................................................
Retained (deficit) earnings  ...........................................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive income    .................................................................................
Additional paid-in capital   ............................................................................................................
Total common equity     .....................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest    ...............................................................................................................
Total equity    ...................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity    ............................................ $ 

9,014 
(178)   
168 
122 
9,126 
173 
9,299 
14,290  $ 

As at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 

Assets

3,545 
429 
2,121 
6,877 
68 
59 
249 

739 
14,087 

1,842 
811 

17 
2,670 

1,811 

9,271 
84 
153 
— 
9,508 
98 

9,606 
14,087 

Total assets were $14.3 billion as at December 31, 2023, an increase of $203 million or 1% compared to December 31, 2022 due 
to increases in investments and due from affiliates, partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents and deferred income 
tax assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents were $2.7 billion, a decrease of $878 million or 25% from the prior year. This decrease is largely due 
to  the  acquisition  of  our  incremental  4%  ownership  interest  in  Oaktree,  temporary  working  capital  provided  to  our  managed 
funds,  interest  bearing  loans  to  affiliates  and  the  Manager,  and  the  settlements  of  amounts  owing  to  affiliates.  Of  this  balance, 
$2.5 billion is on deposit with the Corporation.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts Receivable and Other

Accounts  receivable  and  other  of  $588  million  primarily  consists  of  receivables  from  third  parties  and  prepaid  expenses.  The 
increase of $159 million or 37% over the prior year is largely driven by the prepayments of stock based compensation costs to the 
Manager in accordance with the Asset Management Services Agreement. 

Due from Affiliates

Due from affiliates of $2.5 billion primarily relates to management fees earned but not collected from our managed funds, as well 
as reimbursements due from the Corporation for long-term compensation awards. The increase of $383 million or 18% from the 
prior year was primarily the result of the timing of settlements, higher recharges associated with long-term compensation awards, 
draws on the Manager credit facility, and other interest bearing related party loans.

Investments

Investments  are  predominantly  comprised  of  our  16%  limited  partnership  interest  in  BSREP  III  and  an  approximate  68% 
ownership interest in Oaktree. The increase from the prior year of $645 million or 9% was primarily a result of income earned 
from  our  investment  in  Oaktree  as  well  as  the  increase  in  our  ownership  interest  in  Oaktree  from  approximately  64%  to 
approximately 68% during the year. 

Liabilities

Total liabilities were $2.8 billion as at December 31, 2023, an increase of $155 million or 6% compared to the prior year. 

Accounts Payable and Other

Accounts  payable  and  other  primarily  consists  of  accrued  bonus  compensation,  performance  and  cash  settled  share  based 
compensation, and the mark-to-market of derivatives associated with put options on certain of our investments. The increase in 
2023 of $43 million reflects the timing of payments and movements in the mark-to-market of put options to acquire additional 
interests in Oaktree and Primary Wave in the future.

Due to Affiliates

Due to affiliates of $986 million reflects amounts owed to affiliates. The increase of $175 million or 22% relative to the prior year 
was the result of higher borrowings on our credit facility with the Corporation and reflects the timing of payments in the normal 
course of operations.

Preferred Shares Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

Preferred  shares  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  was  $2.2  billion  as  at  December  31,  2023,  an  increase  of  $355  million  or 
20%  compared  to  $1.8  billion  as  at  December  31,  2022.  This  increase  was  due  to  carried  interest  generated  on  mature  funds 
during the year. 

Non-Controlling Interest

Non-controlling  interest  was  $173  million  as  at  December  31,  2023,  an  increase  of  $75  million  compared  to  $98  million  as  at 
December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to carried interest generated by new funds that is owed to the Corporation 
and other non-controlling interests associated with various entities within the asset management business. 

44

Cash Flow Statement Analysis

Review of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the changes in the Manager’s cash for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the period from 
July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 
Investing activities       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financing activities       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in cash and cash equivalents      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 

2023
508  $ 
(41)   
(459)   
8  $ 

2022
(2) 
— 
3 
1 

For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022

During the year, the Manager's operating activities generated positive cashflows of $508 million primarily attributable to the share 
of  income  driven  from  its  investment  in  the  Asset  Management  Company.  During  the  period  ended  December  31,  2022,  the 
Manager's operating cash outflows were $2 million. 

Net cash outflows from investing activities totaled $41 million, primarily reflecting the purchase of an option to acquire additional 
shares of the Asset Management Company.

Net cash outflows from financing activities totaled $459 million, primarily attributed to the distributions paid to the Manager's 
shareholders and share buybacks. These outflows were partially offset by cash drawn on the credit facility between the Manager 
and the Asset Management Company. 

During the period ended December 31, 2022, net cash inflows from financing activities totaled $3 million, primarily attributed to 
movements  of  loan  balances  from  an  affiliate  of  the  Corporation  as  a  result  of  the  Arrangement  and  share  subscriptions  of  the 
Corporation. These inflows were partially offset by share repurchases. 

Review of Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows

Refer to the following table that summarizes the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows for our asset management 
business for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 
Investing activities       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financing activities     . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in cash and cash equivalents       . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 

2023
1,439  $ 
(475)   
(1,842)   
(878)  $ 

2022
(374) 
1,706 
(280) 
1,052 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

During the year, the Company's operating activities generated positive cashflows of $1.4 billion, compared to cash outflows of 
$374 million in the prior year. Excluding the net change in working capital and other non-cash operating items, operating cash 
inflows  were  $2.1  billion,  representing  an  increase  of  $76  million  or  4%  compared  to  the  prior  year,  primarily  driven  by  the 
impact of the Arrangement.  

45

 
 
 
 
Investing Activities 

Net cash outflows from investing activities totaled $475 million, compared to inflows of $1.7 billion in the prior year. The current 
year  investing  activity  primarily  consists  of  the  purchase  of  the  incremental  4%  ownership  interest  in  Oaktree  and  advances 
provided to the Manager on its credit facility. The prior year investing activity inflow was predominantly driven by the disposition 
of financial assets as part of the Arrangement. 

Financing Activities

Net  cash  outflows  from  financing  activities  totaled  $1.8  billion,  compared  to  outflows  of  $280  million  in  the  prior  year.  The 
current year primarily consists of distributions to shareholders of $2.1 billion, partially offset by borrowings from related parties 
of  $197  million.  The  prior  year  outflows  were  primarily  as  a  result  of  distributions  to  parent,  distributions  to  redeemable  non-
controlling interests and capital borrowings, partially offset by inflows from contributions from the parent. 

46

Summary of Quarterly Results

Summary of Quarterly Results for the Manager

The  quarterly  variances  in  operating  recoveries  since  July  4,  2022  are  due  primarily  to  related  party  recharges  to  the  Asset 
Management  Company  and  the  Corporation  for  executive  compensation  costs  of  the  Manager  and  performance  based 
compensation  expense.  The  operating  recoveries  associated  with  our  Deferred  Share  Unit  ("DSU")  and  Restricted  Share  Unit 
("RSU") plans, which are recorded at fair value being the market value of the Class A shares of the Corporation and the Manager 
as at the period then ended, may fluctuate materially on a quarterly basis. These recharges are reimbursements by the Corporation 
and  the  Asset  Management  Company  of  costs  incurred  associated  with  these  liability  based  awards  in  accordance  with  the 
Relationship Agreement and the Asset Management Services Agreement, respectively. Variances in net income relate primarily to 
our equity interest in the earnings of the Asset Management Company.

Our consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the five most recent quarters are as follows:

FOR THE PERIODS ENDED                    
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Operating recoveries   .......................................................................................... $  160  $ 
Net income     .........................................................................................................
Earnings per share

Q4

95 

2023

Q3
38  $ 
122 

2022

Q1

Q2
47  $  138  $ 
109 

125 

Q4
37 
19 

– basic  ..............................................................................................................
– diluted   ...........................................................................................................

0.24 
0.24 

0.31 
0.31 

0.28 
0.28 

0.31 
0.31 

0.05 
0.05 

Over the last five quarters, the factors discussed below caused variations in revenues and net income on a quarterly basis:

•

•

•

•

•

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023,  operating  recoveries  increased  in  comparison  to  the  prior  quarter  primarily  due  to  an 
increase  in  amounts  recoverable  from  related  parties  associated  with  share  based  compensation,  partially  offset  by  a 
decrease in performance based compensation. The decrease in net income in the quarter compared to the prior quarter is 
primarily a result of a decrease in earnings of the Asset Management Company.

In the third quarter of 2023, operating recoveries decreased in comparison to the prior quarter primarily due to a decrease 
in amounts recoverable from related parties associated with share and performance based compensation. The increase in 
net  income  in  the  quarter  compared  to  the  prior  quarter  is  primarily  a  result  of  an  increase  in  earnings  of  the  Asset 
Management Company.

In  the  second  quarter  of  2023,  operating  recoveries  decreased  in  comparison  to  the  prior  quarter  primarily  due  to  a 
decrease  in  amounts  recoverable  from  related  parties  associated  with  share  and  performance  based  compensation.  The 
decrease in net income in the quarter compared to the prior quarter is primarily a result of a decrease in earnings of the 
Asset Management Company.

In the first quarter of 2023, operating recoveries and net income increased as a result of a full quarter of recoveries from 
the  Corporation  and  the  Asset  Management  Company,  as  well  as  the  equity  pick-up  of  our  interest  in  the  Asset 
Management Company.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, operating recoveries and net income reflect activity for the period from December 9, 2022 
to December 31, 2022 as a result of timing of the Arrangement. 

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Quarterly Results for BAM ULC

The quarterly variances in revenues over the past two years are due primarily to management fees earned from our funds, accrued 
carried  interest,  interest  income  earned  on  our  deposit  with  the  Corporation  and  related  party  recoveries  for  executive  and 
performance based compensation expense. Management fees and accrued carried interest are dependent on fundraising and fund 
performance,  and  will  therefore  fluctuate  over  time.  Variances  in  net  income  are  primarily  attributable  to  the  movements  in 
revenue  as  well  as  movements  in  employee  compensation  and  professional  fees,  and  our  share  of  income  from  equity  method 
investments. Net income attributable to common stockholders reflects net income adjusted for the attribution of unrealized and 
realized carried interest net of cost associated with mature funds, as well as unrealized and realized carried interest owed to the 
Corporation on new funds. 

Our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations for the eight most recent quarters are as follows:

2023

2022

FOR THE PERIODS ENDED                    
Q1
Q3
(MILLIONS)
Revenues  ........................................................... $  1,130  $  893  $  985  $  1,054  $  1,117  $  831  $  924  $  755 
Net income   ........................................................
723 
510 
Net income attributable to common 
stockholders     ....................................................

531 

374 

613 

580 

395 

504 

516 

516 

348 

695 

455 

494 

668 

834 

Q4

Q3

Q4

Q2

Q2

Q1

Over  the  last  eight  quarters,  the  factors  discussed  below  caused  variations  in  revenues  and  net  income  to  stockholders  on  a 
quarterly basis:

•

•

•

•

•

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2023,  revenues  increased  relative  to  the  prior  quarter  due  to  growth  in  base  management  and 
advisory  fees,  higher  recoveries  from  related  parties  associated  with  share  based  compensation  and  an  increase  in 
unrealized carried interest generated as a result of higher returns on our long-term private funds. Net income decreased 
due to the aforementioned increases in revenues and an increase in our share of income from Oaktree, which were more 
than  offset  by  mark-to-market  losses  on  our  investment  in  BSREP  III  and  higher  employee  compensation  related 
expenses. This activity, net of accrued carried interest attributable to our redeemable preferred shares and non-controlling 
interests,  as  well  as  BSREP  III  movements  attributable  to  the  Corporation,  resulted  in  a  decrease  to  net  income  to 
stockholders relative to the prior quarter.

In  the  third  quarter  of  2023,  revenues  decreased  relative  to  the  prior  quarter  due  to  lower  recoverables  from  related 
parties associated with share and performance based compensation, decreased unrealized carried interest generated as a 
result of lower returns on our long-term private funds, partially offset by higher market values of our perpetual funds. 
Net  income  decreased  due  to  the  aforementioned  decreases  in  revenues  as  well  as  mark-to-market  losses  on  our 
investment in BSREP III, partially offset by a decrease in employee compensation related expenses. This activity, net of 
accrued carried interest attributable to our redeemable preferred shares and non-controlling interests, as well as BSREP 
III movements attributable to the Corporation, resulted in an increase to net income to stockholders relative to the prior 
quarter.

In  the  second  quarter  of  2023,  revenues  decreased  relative  to  the  prior  quarter  due  to  lower  recoverables  from  related 
parties associated with share and performance based compensation and lower base management fees earned on our long-
term private funds. Net income increased due to lower performance based compensation costs, mark-to-market gains on 
our  investment  in  BSREP  III  and  a  decrease  in  employee  compensation  related  expenses,  partially  offset  by  the 
aforementioned  decreases  in  revenues.  This  activity,  net  of  accrued  carried  interest  attributable  to  our  redeemable 
preferred shares and non-controlling interests, as well as BSREP III movements attributable to the Corporation, resulted 
in a decrease to net income to stockholders relative to the prior quarter.

In the first quarter of 2023, revenues decreased relative to the prior quarter due to lower unrealized carry allocations as a 
result of lower returns on certain of our funds compared to the prior quarter, partially offset by higher recoverables from 
related  parties  associated  with  share  and  performance  based  compensation.  Net  income  decreased  due  to  the 
aforementioned decreases in revenues as well as by higher compensation costs as a result of annual salary increases. This 
increase  was  partially  offset  by  higher  earnings  from  our  investment  in  Oaktree.  This  activity,  net  of  accrued  carried 
interest attributable to our redeemable preferred shares and non-controlling interests, as well as BSREP III movements 
attributable to the Corporation, resulted in an increase to net income to stockholders relative to the prior quarter.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, revenues increased relative to the prior quarter due to strong growth in base management 
and  advisory  fees  as  a  result  of  contributions  from  flagship  fundraising  and  fees  on  co-investment  capital.  These 

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increases were partially offset by lower market capitalizations of the perpetual affiliates and lower interest income as a 
result of the transfer of certain investments and loans of the asset management business to the Corporation as part of the 
Arrangement.  In  addition,  increased  unrealized  carried  interest  allocations  resulted  from  higher  valuation  gains 
recognized  for  our  real  estate  long-term  private  funds.  Net  income  decreased  due  to  the  aforementioned  increases  in 
revenues,  which  were  more  than  offset  by  the  deconsolidation  of  BSREP  III  as  part  of  the  Arrangement,  higher 
performance  based  compensation  expense  on  carried  interest  generated,  and  negative  earnings  pickup  from  our 
investment in Oaktree. This activity, net of accrued carried interest attributable to our redeemable preferred shares and 
non-controlling interests resulted in an increase to net income to stockholders relative to the prior quarter.

In the third quarter of 2022, revenues decreased relative to the prior quarter due to decreased unrealized carried interest 
allocations  as  a  result  of  lower  returns  on  our  second  real  estate  flagship  fund,  partially  offset  by  higher  base 
management fees earned on our long-term private funds. Net income decreased due to the aforementioned decreases in 
revenues as well as higher compensation costs as a result of hiring investment professionals to support our flagship funds 
and  expanding  product  offerings,  and  mark-to-market  valuation  losses  on  our  investment  in  BSREP  III.  This  activity,  
net of non-controlling interest in consolidated funds, resulted in a decrease to net income to BAM ULC relative to the 
prior quarter.

In the second quarter of 2022, revenues increased relative to the prior quarter due to strong growth in base management 
and  advisory  fees  as  a  result  of  contributions  from  flagship  fundraising  and  new  products  and  the  higher  market 
capitalizations of the perpetual affiliates, as well as increased unrealized carried interest allocations as a result of higher 
valuation gains recognized for our real-estate long-term private funds. Net income increased due to the aforementioned 
increases  in  revenues,  partially  offset  by  higher  compensation  costs  as  a  result  of  annual  salary  increases  and  hiring 
investment  professionals  to  support  our  flagship  funds  and  expanding  product  offerings.  This  activity,  net  of  non-
controlling interest in consolidated funds, resulted in an increase to net income to BAM ULC relative to the prior quarter.

In the first quarter of 2022, revenues declined relative to the prior quarter due to a decrease in unrealized carried interest 
allocations as a result of lower valuation gains recognized for our real estate long-term private funds, partially offset by 
an increase in base management and advisory fees as a result of higher market capitalizations of the perpetual affiliates, 
contributions from flagship fundraising and new products. Net income decreased due to the aforementioned decreases in 
revenues,  and  higher  compensation  costs  as  a  result  of  annual  salary  increases.  This  activity,  net  of  non-controlling 
interest in consolidated funds, resulted in a decrease to net income to BAM ULC relative to the prior quarter.

•

•

•

49

PART 3
KEY FINANCIAL AND OPERATING MEASURES

The  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company  prepare  their  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP.  This 
MD&A  discloses  a  number  of  non-GAAP  financial  and  supplemental  financial  measures  which  are  utilized  in  monitoring  our 
asset  management  business,  including  for  performance  measurement,  capital  allocation  and  valuation  purposes.  The  Manager 
believes  that  providing  these  performance  measures  is  helpful  to  investors  in  assessing  overall  performance,  as  well  as  the 
performance  of  our  asset  management  business.  These  non-GAAP  financial  measures  should  not  be  considered  as  the  sole 
measure of the Manager’s or our asset management business’ performance and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a 
substitute  for,  similar  financial  measures  calculated  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  financial  measures.  These  non-GAAP 
financial measures are not standardized financial measures and may not be comparable to similar financial measures used by other 
issuers. The asset management business includes the asset management activities of Oaktree, an equity accounted affiliate, in its 
key  financial  and  operating  measures  for  our  asset  management  business.  See  “Reconciliation  of  U.S.  GAAP  to  Non-GAAP 
Measures.”

Non-GAAP Measures 

Fee Revenues

Fee  Revenues  is  a  key  metric  analyzed  by  management  to  determine  the  growth  in  recurring  cash  flows  from  our  asset 
management  business.  Fee  Revenues  include  base  management  fees,  incentive  distributions,  performance  fees  and  transaction 
fees. Fee Revenues exclude carried interest but include Fee Revenues earned by Oaktree. The most directly comparable measure 
of Fee Revenues disclosed in the financial statements is base management and advisory fees.

Fee-Related Earnings

Fee-Related Earnings is used to provide additional insight into the operating profitability of our asset management activities. Fee-
Related  Earnings  are  recurring  in  nature  and  not  based  on  future  realization  events.  Fee-Related  Earnings  is  comprised  of  Fee 
Revenues less direct costs associated with earning those fees, which include employee compensation and professional fees as well 
as  business  related  technology  costs,  and  other  shared  services  costs.  The  most  directly  comparable  measure  of  Fee-Related 
Earnings disclosed in the primary financial statements is net income.

Distributable Earnings

Distributable Earnings used by the Manager provides insight into earnings that are available for distribution or to be reinvested by 
the  Manager.  Distributable  Earnings  of  the  Manager  represent  its  share  of  Distributable  Earnings  from  our  asset  management 
business less general and administrative expenses, but excluding equity-based compensation expenses, of the Manager. The most 
directly  comparable  measure  disclosed  in  our  primary  financial  statements  for  Distributable  Earnings  of  the  Manager  is  net 
income.

The  Manager  intends  to  pay  out  approximately  90%  of  its  Distributable  Earnings  to  shareholders  quarterly  and  reinvest  the 
balance  back  into  the  business.  The  asset  management  business  intends  to  pay  dividends  to  the  Manager  on  a  quarterly  basis 
sufficient to ensure that the Manager can pay its intended dividend.

Distributable Earnings used by our asset management business provides insight into earnings that are available for distribution or 
to  be  reinvested  by  our  asset  management  business.  It  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  its  Fee-Related  Earnings,  realized  carried 
interest, returns from our corporate cash and financial assets, interest expense, cash taxes, and general and administrative expenses 
excluding  equity-based  compensation  expenses  and  depreciation  and  amortization.  The  most  directly  comparable  measure 
disclosed in the primary financial statements of our asset management business for Distributable Earnings is net income.

50

Supplemental Financial Measures Utilized by Our Asset Management Business

Assets Under Management

AUM refers to the total fair value of assets managed, calculated as follows: 

•

Investments that Brookfield, which includes the Corporation, the asset management business, or their affiliates, either:

◦

◦

◦

Consolidates  for  accounting  purposes  (generally,  investments  in  respect  of  which  Brookfield  has  a  significant 
economic interest and unilaterally directs day-to-day operating, investing and financing activities), or

Does not consolidate for accounting purposes but over which Brookfield has significant influence by virtue of one or 
more  attributes  (e.g.,  being  the  largest  investor  in  the  investment,  having  the  largest  representation  on  the 
investment’s governance body, being the primary manager and/or operator of the investment, and/or having other 
significant influence attributes), 

Are calculated at 100% of the total fair value of the investment taking into account its full capital structure — equity 
and  debt  —  on  a  gross  asset  value  basis,  even  if  Brookfield  does  not  own  100%  of  the  investment,  with  the 
exception of investments held through our perpetual funds, which are calculated at its proportionate economic share 
of the investment’s net asset value.

•

All other investments are calculated at Brookfield’s proportionate economic share of the total fair value of the investment 
taking into account its full capital structure — equity and debt — on a gross asset value basis.

Our  methodology  for  determining  AUM  differs  from  the  methodology  that  is  employed  by  other  alternative  asset  managers  as 
well  as  the  methodology  for  calculating  regulatory  AUM  that  is  prescribed  for  certain  regulatory  filings  (e.g.,  Form  ADV  and 
Form PF).

Fee-Bearing Capital

Fee-Bearing Capital represents the capital committed, pledged, or invested in our permanent capital vehicles, private funds and 
liquid strategies that we manage which entitles us to earn Fee Revenues. Fee-Bearing Capital includes both called (“invested”) 
and uncalled (“pledged” or “committed”) amounts.

When reconciling period amounts, we utilize the following definitions: 

•

•

•

Inflows include capital commitments and contributions to our private and liquid strategies funds, and equity issuances 
from the permanent capital vehicles.

Outflows represent distributions and redemptions of capital from within the liquid strategies capital.

Distributions represent quarterly distributions from the permanent capital vehicles as well as returns of committed capital 
(excluding market valuation adjustments), redemptions and expiry of uncalled commitments within our private funds.

• Market  valuation  includes  gains  (losses)  on  portfolio  investments,  the  permanent  capital  vehicles  and  liquid  strategies 

based on market prices.

•

Other  includes  changes  in  net  non-recourse  leverage  included  in  the  determination  of  the  permanent  capital  vehicle 
capitalizations and the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar commitments.

Uncalled Fund Commitments

Total  Uncalled  Fund  Commitments  includes  capital  callable  from  fund  investors,  including  funds  outside  of  their  investment 
period, for which capital is callable for follow-on investments.

51

Fee-Bearing Capital Diversification

 AS AT DEC. 31, 2023 (BILLIONS)

By Fund Type

By Business Line

■

■

■

Long-term private 
funds

Permanent capital 
vehicles and 
perpetual strategies

Liquid strategies

■

Renewable power and 
transition

■ Infrastructure

■ Real estate

■ Private equity

■ Credit and other

Long-term Private Funds

As of December 31, 2023, we managed approximately $245 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across a diverse range of long-term 
private funds that target opportunistic (20%+, gross), value-add (15%-16%, gross), core and core plus (9%-13%, gross) returns. 
These  funds  are  generally  closed-end  and  have  a  long  duration,  typically  committed  for  10  years  with  2  one-year  extension 
options.

On these products, we earn:

•

•

•

Diversified and long-term base management fees, typically on committed capital or invested capital, depending on the 
nature of the fund and where the fund is in its life,

Transaction and advisory fees on co-investment capital that we raise and deploy alongside our long-term private funds, 
which vary based on transaction agreements, and

Carried interest or performance fees, which entitle us to a portion of overall fund profits, provided that investors receive 
a minimum prescribed preferred return. Carried interest is typically paid towards the end of the life of a fund after capital 
has  been  returned  to  investors  and  may  be  subject  to  “clawback”  until  all  investments  have  been  monetized  and 
minimum investment returns are sufficiently assured. The Corporation is entitled to receive 33.3% of the carried interest 
on  new  sponsored  funds  of  our  asset  management  business  and  will  retain  all  of  the  carried  interest  earned  on  our 
existing mature funds.

Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

As of December 31, 2023, we managed approximately $149 billion of Fee-Bearing Capital across our permanent capital vehicles, 
perpetual core, and core plus private funds.

On these products, we earn:

•

•

•

Long-term  perpetual  base  management  fees,  which  are  based  on  the  market  capitalization  or  net  asset  value  of  our 
permanent capital vehicles and on the net asset value of our perpetual private funds.
Stable  incentive  distribution  fees  from  BEP  and  BIP,  which  are  linked  to  the  growth  in  cash  distributions  paid  to 
investors above a predetermined hurdle. Both BEP and BIP have a long-standing track record of growing distributions 
annually within their target range of 5-9%.

Performance fees from BBU are based on unit price performance above a prescribed high-water mark price, which are 
not subject to clawback, as well as carried interest on our perpetual private funds.

Liquid Strategies 

As  of  December  31,  2023,  we  managed  approximately  $63  billion  of  Fee-Bearing  Capital  across  our  liquid  strategies,  which 
included capital that we manage on behalf of our publicly listed funds and separately managed accounts, with a focus on fixed 
income and equity securities across real estate, infrastructure, and natural resources. 

On these products, we earn: 

•

•

Base management fees, which are based on committed capital or fund net asset value, and 

Performance income based on investment returns above a minimum prescribed return.

52

$149$245$63$54$100$39$101$163       
PART 4
ANALYSIS OF KEY NON-GAAP FINANCIAL AND OPERATING 
MEASURES OF OUR ASSET MANAGEMENT BUSINESS

The following section contains a discussion and analysis of key financial and operating measures utilized in managing our asset 
management  business,  including  for  performance  measurement,  capital  allocation  and  valuation  purposes.  For  further  detail  on 
our non-GAAP and performance measures, please refer to “Key Financial and Operating Measures.”

Distributable Earnings

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)

Fee Revenues   ........................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023
4,381  $ 

2022
4,048 

Fee-Related Earnings1
      ............................................................................................................................
Add back: equity-based compensation costs and other income ................................................................
Cash taxes     .................................................................................................................................................
Distributable Earnings      ........................................................................................................................... $ 

2,241 
199 
(196)   
2,244  $ 

2,108 
86 
(98) 
2,096 

1. Fee-Related Earnings include Oaktree’s Fee-Related Earnings at our approximate 68% ownership interest (2022 - 64%).

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Distributable Earnings were $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $148 million or 7% compared to 
the  prior  year.  The  increase  was  driven  by  higher  Fee-Related  Earnings,  primarily  attributable  to  our  fundraising  and  capital 
deployment efforts. These increases were partially offset by lower fees from our permanent capital vehicles due to a decline in 
their  average  market  capitalization  compared  to  the  prior  year  and  an  increase  in  costs  as  we  continue  to  scale  our  asset 
management  business.  In  addition,  there  was  a  $113  million  increase  in  equity-based  compensation  costs  and  other  income, 
primarily driven by higher interest income on our deposit with the Corporation. The overall increase in Distributable Earnings was 
partially offset by an increase in Cash taxes of $98 million due to higher Fee-Related Earnings.

Fee-Bearing Capital

The following table summarizes Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition     ............................................ $ 
Infrastructure    ..........................................................................
Real estate      ..............................................................................
Private equity      .........................................................................
Credit and other  ......................................................................
December 31, 2023      ............................................................... $ 
December 31, 2022     ................................................................ $ 

Long-term 
private funds

Perpetual 
strategies

Liquid 
strategies

Total 

31,187  $ 
52,220 
72,037 
33,249 
56,795 
245,488  $ 
218,992  $ 

22,700  $ 
47,290 
28,951 
5,600 
44,031 
148,572  $ 
135,575  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
62,938 
62,938  $ 
63,296  $ 

53,887 
99,510 
100,988 
38,849 
163,764 
456,998 
417,863 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The changes in Fee-Bearing Capital are set out in the following table for the year ended December 31, 2023: 

Renewable 
power and 
transition

Infrastructure

Real estate

Private 
equity

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED

(MILLIONS)
Balance, December 31, 2022 ............ $ 
Inflows     ..............................................
Outflows     ...........................................
Distributions     .....................................
Market valuation      ...............................
Other    .................................................
Change   ..............................................
Balance, December 31, 2023     .......... $ 

47,218  $ 
6,848 
— 
(1,626)   
1,757 
(310)   
6,669 
53,887  $ 

85,887  $ 
14,059 

(6)   
(3,062)   
2,241 
391 
13,623 
99,510  $ 

103,025  $ 
12,042 

(508)   
(5,415)   
(3,016)   
(5,140)   
(2,037)   
100,988  $ 

Total

Credit and 
other
142,416  $  417,863 
73,180 
35,807 
(20,362) 
(19,848)   
(16,280) 
(4,977)   
8,072 
7,906 
(5,475) 
2,460 
21,348 
39,135 
163,764  $  456,998 

39,317  $ 
4,424 
— 
(1,200)   
(816)   
(2,876)   
(468)   
38,849  $ 

Fee-Bearing Capital was $457 billion as at December 31, 2023 compared to $418 billion as at December 31, 2022. The increase 
of  $39  billion  was  primarily  attributable  to  fundraising  and  capital  deployments  across  our  strategies,  including  our  fifth  real 
estate and infrastructure flagship funds, and our sixth private equity flagship fund. Inflows within our credit and other strategy due 
to capital deployed within our closed-end funds and other investments in our insurance solutions business also contributed to the 
increase of Fee-Bearing Capital. The overall increase of Fee-Bearing Capital was partially offset by distributions to our clients 
and outflows due to redemptions within our credit funds and liquid strategies.

The following table summarizes Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

AS AT

(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition     ............................................ $ 
Infrastructure    ..........................................................................
Real estate      ..............................................................................
Private equity      .........................................................................
Credit and other  ......................................................................
December 31, 2022      ............................................................... $ 
December 31, 2021     ................................................................ $ 

Long-term 
private funds

Perpetual 
strategies

Liquid 
strategies

Total

26,708  $ 
44,512 
69,473 
31,501 
46,798 
218,992  $ 
169,346  $ 

20,510  $ 
41,375 
33,552 
7,816 
32,322 
135,575  $ 
117,549  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
63,296 
63,296  $ 
77,238  $ 

47,218 
85,887 
103,025 
39,317 
142,416 
417,863 
364,133 

The changes in Fee-Bearing Capital are set out in the following table for the year ended December 31, 2022: 

Renewable 
power and 
transition

Infrastructure

Real estate

Private 
equity

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED

(MILLIONS)
Balance, December 31, 2021 ............ $ 
Inflows     ..............................................
Outflows     ...........................................
Distributions     .....................................
Market valuation      ...............................
Other    .................................................
Change   ..............................................
Balance, December 31, 2022     .......... $ 

47,525  $ 
6,823 
— 
(1,428)   
(5,873)   
171 
(307)   
47,218  $ 

67,736  $ 
26,974 
— 
(3,794)   
(5,053)   
24 
18,151 
85,887  $ 

82,282  $ 
18,850 

(394)   
(4,556)   
1,645 
5,198 
20,743 
103,025  $ 

Total

Credit and 
other
132,195  $  364,133 
107,669 
45,887 
(22,042) 
(21,648)   
(12,161) 
(1,573)   
(20,247) 
(8,432)   
511 
(4,013)   
10,221 
53,730 
142,416  $  417,863 

34,395  $ 
9,135 
— 
(810)   
(2,534)   
(869)   
4,922 
39,317  $ 

Fee-Bearing Capital was $418 billion as at December 31, 2022 compared to $364 billion as at December 31, 2021. The increase 
of  $54  billion  was  primarily  attributable  to  inflows  of  $108  billion  resulting  from  capital  raised  across  flagship  funds,  capital 
inflows  within  credit  and  other  funds  in  our  insurance  solutions  business,  and  capital  raised  and  deployed  across  various 
strategies. These increases were partially offset by lower market valuations and outflows within our liquid credit strategies and 
decreases in the market capitalizations of BEP and BIP due to a decline in share prices compared to prior year.

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues and Fee-Related Earnings

   ............................................................................................................................... $ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Base management fees1
Incentive distributions   .................................................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Fee Revenues   ..............................................................................................................................................
Less: direct costs1,2
   ......................................................................................................................................

Less: Fee-Related Earnings not attributable to the asset management business    .........................................
Fee-Related Earnings   ................................................................................................................................ $ 

2023
3,956  $ 
378 
47 
4,381 
(2,014)   
2,367 
(126)   
2,241  $ 

2022
3,620 
335 
93 
4,048 
(1,792) 
2,256 
(148) 
2,108 

1. Base management fees and direct costs are presented on a 100% basis. Base management fees and direct costs for Oaktree totaled $1.2 billion and $824 million, respectively, for the 
year ended December 31, 2023 (2022 - $1.2 billion and $760 million, respectively). Refer to Note 3 - “Investments” of the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements included 
elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional disclosures related to Oaktree revenues, expenses, and net income.

2. Direct costs include compensation expense, other operating expenses and general, administrative, and other expenses and related Oaktree direct costs at 100%. 

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Fee Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $4.4 billion, an increase of $333 million or 8% compared to prior year. 
This increase was predominantly due to an increase in base management fees of $336 million or 9%, driven by fees earned from 
fundraising for our latest infrastructure, real estate and private equity flagship funds and incremental fees earned in our credit and 
other platform as a result of capital deployed across our opportunistic credit funds. In addition, fees from our perpetual strategy 
increased due to the increase in net asset values of underlying assets. The increase in base management fees was partially offset 
by lower fees from our listed permanent capital vehicles due to decreases in market capitalizations. 

Incentive distributions increased by $43 million or 13% as a result of an increase in BEP and BIP's quarterly dividend over the 
prior year of 5% and 6%, respectively.

Direct costs increased by $222 million or 12% from the prior year as we continue to scale our asset management business and 
higher equity-based compensation.

Fee-Related Earnings increased by $133 million or 6%, primarily attributable to the aforementioned increase in Fee Revenues, 
partially offset by increased direct costs.

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART 5
INVESTMENT STRATEGY RESULTS

In  each  of  our  product  categories,  we  invest  globally  in  various  investment  strategies,  each  benefiting  from  strong  secular 
tailwinds that provide an expanding multi-trillion dollar investable universe. Our investment strategies are (a) renewable power 
and transition, (b) infrastructure, (c) real estate, (d) private equity, and (e) credit and other. 

The following tables summarize Fee-Bearing Capital and Fee Revenues by investment strategy:

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition     ................................................................................................................. $  53,887  $  47,218 
85,887 
Infrastructure    ...............................................................................................................................................
  103,025 
Real estate      ...................................................................................................................................................
39,317 
Private equity      ..............................................................................................................................................
  142,416 
Credit and other  ...........................................................................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  456,998  $  417,863 

99,510 
  100,988 
38,849 
  163,764 

2023

Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition     ................................................................................................................. $ 
Infrastructure    ...............................................................................................................................................
Real estate      ...................................................................................................................................................
Private equity      ..............................................................................................................................................
Credit and other  ...........................................................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues     ................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023
606  $ 

1,247
1,000
476
1,052
4,381  $ 

2022
578 
1,067
937
435
1,031
4,048 

56

 
 
 
 
Renewable Power and Transition

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital of our renewable power and transition investment strategy as at December 
31, 2023, and 2022, and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31 (BILLIONS)   

      Fee Revenues
         FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC 31 (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

The following provides explanations of significant movements in Fee-Bearing Capital for the current period.

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Long-term private funds    .............................................................................................................................. $  31,187  $  26,708 
20,510 
Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies     ...................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  53,887  $  47,218 

22,700 

2023

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     .................................................................................................................... $  47,218  $  47,525 
Inflows  .........................................................................................................................................................
6,823 
Outflows   ......................................................................................................................................................
— 
Distributions    ................................................................................................................................................
(1,428) 
Market valuation      .........................................................................................................................................
(5,873) 
Other   ............................................................................................................................................................
171 
Change   .........................................................................................................................................................
(307) 
Balance, end of period   ............................................................................................................................... $  53,887  $  47,218 

6,848 
— 
(1,626)   
1,757 
(310)   
6,669 

2023

For the year ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $6.7 billion or 14% to $54 billion. This increase was 
driven by inflows attributable to fundraising for the second vintage of our global transition fund, capital deployments across our 
fund strategies, as well as BEP's $650 million equity offering in the second quarter of 2023. In addition, the market capitalization 
of BEP increased due to an increase in its share price during the year. These increases were partially offset by distributions paid to 
BEP’s unitholders and limited partners of our long-term private funds. 

57

$54$4720232022$606$57820232022 
 
 
 
   
 
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds   ..............................................................................................................................
Flagship funds  .................................................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Perpetual strategies

BEP1
    ................................................................................................................................  
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Catch-up fees
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees     ..........................................................................................................
Incentive distributions   .................................................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues.................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

237  $ 
23 
260 

205 
10 
215 
10 
9 
494 
112 
606  $ 

206 
19 
225 

244 
— 
244 
12 
2 
483 
95 
578 

1.

BEP Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2023 is $22.1 billion (2022 - $20.5 billion)

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Fee Revenues increased by $28 million, or 5% for the year ended December 31, 2023 relative to the year ended December 31, 
2022. Fees from our long-term private funds increased $35 million relative to the prior year due to an increase in fees earned on 
our first global transition fund, which benefitted from a full year of fee revenues from 2022 fundraising, as well as an increase in 
fundraising and capital deployments across our other private funds. Incentive distributions from BEP increased by $17 million, 
due to a 5% increase in distributions compared to the prior year. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in perpetual 
strategy fees of $29 million predominantly due to lower fees earned from BEP resulting from a decrease in its average market 
capitalization relative to the prior year.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infrastructure

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The  following  charts  provide  the  Fee-Bearing  Capital  of  our  Infrastructure  investment  strategy  as  at  December  31,  2023,  and 
2022, and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31 (BILLIONS)   

        Fee Revenues
            FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC 31 (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

The following provides explanations of significant movements in Fee-Bearing Capital for the current period.

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Long-term private funds    .............................................................................................................................. $  52,220  $  44,512 
41,375 
Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies     ...................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  99,510  $  85,887 

47,290 

2023

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     .................................................................................................................... $  85,887  $  67,736 
Inflows  .........................................................................................................................................................
26,974 
Outflows   ......................................................................................................................................................
— 
Distributions    ................................................................................................................................................
(3,794) 
Market valuation      .........................................................................................................................................
(5,053) 
Other   ............................................................................................................................................................
24 
Change   .........................................................................................................................................................
18,151 
Balance, end of period   ............................................................................................................................... $  99,510  $  85,887 
For the year ended December 31, 2023

(6)   
(3,062)   
2,241 
391 
13,623 

14,059 

2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $13.6 billion or 16% to $100 billion. This increase 
was predominantly due to capital raised for our fifth flagship fund, as well as capital deployed for follow-on investments within 
our third flagship fund. Additionally, Fee-Bearing Capital increased as a result of debt issuances from BIP, follow-on investments 
within  our  other  perpetual  and  long-term  strategies,  and  an  increase  in  market  valuations  as  a  result  of  a  higher  market 
capitalization of BIP and other perpetual strategies. These increases were partially offset by distributions paid to limited partners 
in our long-term private funds and to BIP and other unitholders across our permanent capital vehicles.

59

$100$8620232022$1,247$1,06720232022 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds   ..............................................................................................................................
Flagship funds  .................................................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Perpetual strategies

BIP1
   .................................................................................................................................  
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Catch-up fees
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees     ..........................................................................................................
Incentive distributions   .................................................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues.................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

369  $ 
54 
423 

401 
96 
497 
37 
24 
981 
266 
1,247  $ 

279 
39 
318 

421 
53 
474 
2 
33 
827 
240 
1,067 

1.

BIP Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2023 is $31.2 billion (2022 - $29.2 billion).

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Fee Revenues increased by $180 million or 17% for the year ended December 31, 2023 relative to the year ended December 31, 
2022. Fees from our long-term private funds increased by $105 million primarily due to capital raised for our fifth flagship fund. 
Fee  Revenues  from  our  perpetual  strategies  increased  by  $23  million,  driven  by  capital  deployed  by  BSIP,  partially  offset  by 
lower fees earned from BIP due to a lower average market capitalization compared to the prior year. Catch-up fees increased by 
$35  million  due  to  follow  on  closes  for  our  fifth  flagship  fund  and  incentive  distributions  increased  by  $26  million  due  to  an 
increase in BIP's quarterly dividend. The increases were partially offset by a decrease of $9 million of transaction and advisory 
fees as the prior year benefited from higher fees on co-investment transactions. 

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital for our Real Estate investment strategy as at December 31, 2023, and 2022, 
and Fee Revenues for the years then ended. 

Fee-Bearing Capital 

AS AT DEC 31 (BILLIONS)   

       Fee Revenues

           FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC 31 (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

The following provides explanations of significant movements in Fee-Bearing Capital for the current period. 

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Long-term private funds    .............................................................................................................................. $  72,037  $  69,473 
33,552 
Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies     ...................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  100,988  $  103,025 

28,951 

2023

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     .................................................................................................................... $  103,025  $  82,282 
Inflows  .........................................................................................................................................................
18,850 
Outflows   ......................................................................................................................................................
(394) 
Distributions    ................................................................................................................................................
(4,556) 
Market valuation      .........................................................................................................................................
1,645 
Other   ............................................................................................................................................................
5,198 
Change   .........................................................................................................................................................
20,743 
Balance, end of period   ............................................................................................................................... $  100,988  $  103,025 

(508)   
(5,415)   
(3,016)   
(5,140)   
(2,037)   

12,042 

2023

For the year ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee-Bearing Capital decreased by $2.0 billion or 2% to $101 billion, predominantly 
due to distributions from our perpetual strategies, flagship and other private funds. Additionally, our long-term private funds Fee-
Bearing  Capital  decreased  due  to  the  change  in  the  fee  base  of  one  of  our  flagship  funds  from  committed  capital  to  invested 
capital as a result of the end of its commitment period. Our permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies decreased due to a 
decline in the market valuation of certain assets. These decreases were partially offset by inflows attributable to fundraising within 
our fifth flagship fund, follow-on investments in our third flagship fund, and capital deployed across various other fund strategies.  

61

$101$10320232022$1,000$93720232022 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds   ..............................................................................................................................
Flagship funds  .................................................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Perpetual strategies

      .........................................................................................................................................................

BPG1
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Catch-up fees    ...............................................................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees     ..........................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues.................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

395  $ 
294 
689 

196 
107 
303 
5 
3 
1,000 
1,000  $ 

354 
217 
571 

225 
107 
332 
34 
— 
937 
937 

1.

BPG Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2023 is $17.9 billion (2022 - $20.8 billion).

For the year ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee Revenues increased by $63 million or 7% due to the increase in revenues earned 
from  fundraising  for  our  fifth  flagship  fund  and  commitments  throughout  2022  to  our  fourth  flagship  fund.  In  addition,  fees 
increased from capital invested in our residential, U.S., and other fund investments. These increases were partially offset by catch-
up fees recognized on our fourth flagship fund in the prior year and a decrease in fees earned by our perpetual vehicle due to the 
decrease in Fee-Bearing Capital of BPG as well as the disposition of investments within earlier vintages of our flagship funds. 

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Equity

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital of our Private Equity investment strategy as at December 31, 2023, and 
2022, and Fee Revenues for the years then ended.

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31 (BILLIONS)   

        Fee Revenues
            FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC 31 (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Permanent Capital Vehicles and Perpetual Strategies

The following provides explanations of significant movements in Fee-Bearing Capital for the current period. 

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Long-term private funds    .............................................................................................................................. $  33,249  $  31,501 
7,816 
Permanent capital vehicles and perpetual strategies     ...................................................................................
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  38,849  $  39,317 

5,600 

2023

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     .................................................................................................................... $  39,317  $  34,395 
Inflows  .........................................................................................................................................................
9,135 
Outflows   ......................................................................................................................................................
— 
Distributions    ................................................................................................................................................
(810) 
Market valuation      .........................................................................................................................................
(2,534) 
Other   ............................................................................................................................................................
(869) 
Change   .........................................................................................................................................................
4,922 
Balance, end of period   ............................................................................................................................... $  38,849  $  39,317 
For the year ended December 31, 2023

4,424 
— 
(1,200)   
(816)   
(2,876)   
(468)   

2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee-Bearing Capital decreased by $468 million or 1% to $39 billion. The expiration of 
the  management  fee  period  of  a  mature  flagship  fund  and  distributions  to  our  investors  was  partially  offset  by  inflows  of  $4.4 
billion for our long-term private funds. This was largely driven by capital raised for our  sixth flagship private equity fund and 
capital deployed across other strategies. 

63

$39$3920232022$476$43520232022 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds   ..............................................................................................................................
Flagship funds  .................................................................................................................... $ 
Co-investment and other funds     ..............................................................................................  

Perpetual strategies

BBU1

       ...............................................................................................................................  

Catch-up fees    ...............................................................................................................................................
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Total management and advisory fees     ..........................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues.................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

177  $ 
185 
362 

87 
87 
16 
11 
476 
476  $ 

137 
195 
332 

94 
94 
— 
9 
435 
435 

1.

BBU Fee-Bearing Capital as at December 31, 2023 was $5.6 billion (2022 - $7.8 billion).

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Fee Revenues increased by $41 million or 9% for the year ended December 31, 2023 relative to the year ended December 31, 
2022. This increase was primarily due to capital raised for our sixth flagship fund which experienced a $59 million increase in Fee 
Revenues  and  catch  up  fees  attributable  to  the  timing  of  fundraising.  This  increase  was  partially  offset  by  a  decrease  in  fees 
earned within our other funds due to the end of the management fee period for certain earlier vintage funds.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit and Other

Summary of Key Financial and Operating Measures

The following charts provide the Fee-Bearing Capital of our credit and other investment strategy as at December 31, 2023, and 
2022, and Fee Revenues for the years then ended.

Fee-Bearing Capital 
AS AT DEC 31 (BILLIONS)   

       Fee Revenues
           FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC 31 (MILLIONS) 

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Perpetual Strategies
■ Liquid Strategies
The following provides explanations of significant movements in Fee-Bearing Capital for the current period.

■ Long-term Private Funds
■ Perpetual Strategies
■ Liquid Strategies

Fee-Bearing Capital

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Long-term private funds    .............................................................................................................................. $  56,795  $  46,798 
32,322 
Perpetual strategies    ......................................................................................................................................
Liquid strategies   ..........................................................................................................................................
63,296 
Total Fee-Bearing Capital     ........................................................................................................................ $  163,764  $  142,416 

44,031 
62,938 

2023

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     .................................................................................................................... $  142,416  $  132,195 
Inflows  .........................................................................................................................................................
45,887 
Outflows   ......................................................................................................................................................
(21,648) 
Distributions    ................................................................................................................................................
(1,573) 
Market valuation      .........................................................................................................................................
(8,432) 
Other   ............................................................................................................................................................
(4,013) 
Change   .........................................................................................................................................................
10,221 
Balance, end of period   ............................................................................................................................... $  163,764  $  142,416 

35,807 
(19,848)   
(4,977)   
7,906 
2,460 
21,348 

2023

For the year ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Fee-Bearing Capital increased by $21 billion or 15% to $164 billion, due to growth 
across  all  strategies.  Our  long-term  private  funds'  increase  is  driven  by  deployments  within  our  eleventh  and  twelfth  flagship 
opportunistic  credit  funds,  and  capital  deployed  in  certain  of  our  debt  funds.  In  addition,  our  perpetual  strategies  increased 
primarily due to capital deployments and acquisitions within our Insurance Solutions business as well as higher market valuations 
in our liquid strategy and open-end credit portfolios. This overall increase was partially offset by redemptions adversely impacting 
our liquid strategies.

65

$164$14220232022$1,052$1,03120232022 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
           
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fee Revenues

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Management and advisory fees
Long-term private funds   .............................................................................................................................. $ 
Perpetual strategies      ...............................................................................................................  
Liquid strategies1
    ..................................................................................................................  
Transaction and advisory fees    .....................................................................................................................
Total Fee Revenues.................................................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

570  $ 
252 
230 
— 
1,052  $ 

529 
191 
262 
49 
1,031 

1.

Represents open-end funds within our credit strategies, and Oaktree's investment in a fixed income manager, as well as in publicly listed securities.

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Fee Revenues increased by $21 million or 2% for the year ended December 31, 2023 relative to the year ended December 31, 
2022.  The  increase  was  predominately  attributable  to  incremental  fees  earned  on  our  long-term  private  funds  and  perpetual 
strategies. Fees from our long-term private funds increased due to deployments across our credit flagship and other debt funds. In 
addition,  fees  from  perpetual  strategies  increased  by  $61  million  as  a  result  of  higher  Fee-Bearing  Capital  driven  by  valuation 
increases and capital deployed across these strategies. These increases were partially offset by a $32 million decrease in our liquid 
strategies due to redemptions.

66

 
 
 
 
PART 6
RECONCILIATION OF U.S. GAAP TO NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliations  of  Distributable  Earnings,  Fee-Related  Earnings  and  Fee  Revenues  to  the  most  directly  comparable  financial 
measures calculated and presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP are presented below. In addition to net income and revenue, 
management assesses the performance of its business based on these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial 
measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, net income or other financial measures 
presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP. 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Fee-Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings

The following presents a reconciliation of net income to Fee-Related Earnings and Distributable Earnings for the year presented 
for the asset management business.

$ 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Net Income
Add or subtract the following:   ....................................................................................................................
Provision for taxes(a)
    .................................................................................................................................
Depreciation, amortization and other(b)
 .....................................................................................................
Carried interest allocations(c)
     ....................................................................................................................
Carried interest allocation compensation(c)
   ...............................................................................................
Other income and expenses(d)
    ...................................................................................................................
Interest expense paid to related parties(e)
    ..................................................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue(e)
     ................................................................................................................
Other revenues(f)........................................................................................................................................
Share of income from equity accounted investments(g)
     ............................................................................
Fee-related earnings of partly owned subsidiaries at our share(h)
    .............................................................
Compensation costs recovered from affiliates(j)
      .......................................................................................
Non-recurring restructuring costs(i)
   ...........................................................................................................
Fee Revenues from BSREP III & other(j)
    .................................................................................................
Fee-Related Earnings    ............................................................................................................................... $ 
Cash taxes(k)
Equity-based compensation expense and other(l)
Distributable Earnings

     ..............................................................................................................................................
    ......................................................................................

$ 

2023
2,137  $ 

2022
2,865 

417 
14 
(399)   
86 
129 
14 
(172)   
(300)   
(167)   
271 
156 
35 
20 
2,241  $ 
(196)   
199 
2,244  $ 

627 
13 
(490) 
200 
(1,090) 
154 
(258) 
(44) 
(146) 
252 
— 
— 
25 
2,108 
(98) 
86 
2,096 

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)

This adjustment removes the impact of income tax provisions (benefit) on the basis that we do not believe this item reflects the present value of the actual tax obligations that we 
expect to incur over the long-term due to the substantial deferred tax assets of our asset management business. 
This adjustment removes the depreciation and amortization on property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are non-cash in nature and therefore excluded from Fee-
Related Earnings.
These adjustments remove the impact of both unrealized and realized carried interest allocations and the associated compensation expense. Unrealized carried interest allocations 
and associated compensation expense are non-cash in nature. Carried interest allocations and associated compensation costs are included in Distributable Earnings once realized.
This adjustment removes other income and expenses associated with non-cash fair value changes
This adjustment removes interest and charges paid or received from related party loans. 
This adjustment adds back other revenues earned that are non-cash in nature.
These  adjustments  remove  our  share  of  partly  owned  subsidiaries’  earnings,  including  items  (a)  to  (e)  above  and  include  its  share  of  partly  owned  subsidiaries’  Fee-Related 
Earnings.
This item adds back compensation costs that will be borne by affiliates and are non-cash in nature.
This item represents non-recurring restructuring costs that are not considered as part of the ongoing asset management business. 
This adjustment adds base management fees earned from funds that are eliminated upon consolidation and other items.
Represents the impact of cash taxes paid by the business. 
This adjustment adds back equity-based compensation and other income associated with the Company's portion of partly owned subsidiaries’ investment income, realized carried 
interest and other income.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Revenues to Fee Revenues

The following presents our reconciliation of management fee revenues to Fee Revenues for the years presented.

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Total management fee revenues
Fee Revenues from equity-accounted investments (a)
BSREP III Fees & other(b)
Fee Revenues      ............................................................................................................................................ $ 

    ...............................................................................
  .........................................................................................................................

$ 

2023
3,142  $ 
1,240 

(1)   
4,381  $ 

2022
2,835 
1,165 
48 
4,048 

(a)
(b)

This adjustment adds management fees at 100% ownership. 
This adjustment involves base management fees earned from BSREP III and other funds that are eliminated upon consolidation as prior to the Arrangement we consolidated both 
the entities which earned these base management fees and BSREP III in the combined financial statements.

68

 
 
 
PART 7
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

The Manager undertakes limited activities, primarily receiving dividends from our asset management business as its main source 
of income and, in turn, making distributions to shareholders in accordance with its dividend policy. It employs a limited number 
of  resources  who  provide  services  to  our  asset  management  business  and  for  whom  associated  costs  are  largely  reimbursed. 
Additional liquidity is available through a credit facility that is provided by our asset management business.

Manager Credit Facility with the Asset Management Business

On  November  8,  2022,  the  Asset  Management  Company,  as  lender,  established  a  five-year  revolving  credit  facility  with  the 
Manager for the amount of $500 million. This is available in U.S. and Canadian dollars, where U.S. dollar borrowings are subject 
to the U.S. Base Rate or SOFR plus a margin of 165 basis points, and Canadian Dollar borrowings are subject to the Canadian 
Prime Rate or Canadian dollar bankers' acceptance rate (“CDOR”) plus a margin of 165 basis points. As at December 31, 2023, 
the Manager has drawn $256 million from this credit facility.

Our Asset Management Business Liquidity

Our asset management business maintains sufficient liquidity at all times enabling it to participate in opportunities as they arise, 
withstand  sudden  adverse  changes  in  economic  conditions,  and  sustain  distributions  to  the  Manager  and  the  Corporation.  Its 
primary  sources  of  liquidity,  which  we  refer  to  as  core  liquidity,  consists  of  cash  and  financial  assets,  as  well  as  the  undrawn 
credit facility with the Corporation. 

As at December 31, 2023, core liquidity for our asset management business is $2.8 billion, consisting of $2.7 billion of cash and 
financial assets, of which $2.5 billion was on deposit with the Corporation. Additionally, the asset management business has a 
$300 million revolving credit facility established on November 8, 2022, with the Corporation as lender. The facility is available in 
U.S. and Canadian dollars, where U.S. dollar borrowings are subject to the U.S. Base Rate or SOFR plus a margin of 165 basis 
points, while Canadian Dollar borrowings are subject to the Canadian Prime Rate or CDOR plus a margin of 165 basis points. 
This  liquidity  is  readily  available  for  use  without  any  material  tax  consequences  and  can  be  deployed  to  support  our  asset 
management business in funding strategic transactions as well as seeding new investment products. As at December 31, 2023 the 
Asset Management Company has drawn $197 million from this credit facility.

The following table presents deployable capital of our asset management business:

Company

Group(a)

AS AT
(MILLIONS)
Cash and financial assets    ........................................................ $ 
Undrawn committed credit facility      ........................................
Core liquidity    ........................................................................
Uncalled private fund commitments     ......................................
Total deployable capital   ....................................................... $ 

December 31, December 31, December 31, December 31,
2022
29,809 
5,438 
35,247 
87,364 
122,611 

2023
29,042  $ 
5,764 
34,806 
85,658 
120,464  $ 

2022
3,545  $ 
300 
3,845 
— 
3,845  $ 

2023
2,667  $ 
103 
2,770 
— 
2,770  $ 

(a) Group deployable capital consists of: (1) core liquidity (cash, financial assets, and undrawn credit facilities) of the Company and the perpetual affiliates, and (2) uncalled private fund 
commitments, which are third-party commitments available for drawdown in the private funds of our asset management business.

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncalled Fund Commitments

The following presents our Uncalled Fund Commitments as of December 31, 2023 by period and December 31, 2022:

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Renewable power and transition    ............................... $ 
Infrastructure  .............................................................
Real estate  .................................................................
Private equity     ............................................................
Credit and other     ........................................................

$ 

2024

64  $ 
44 
793 
66 
1,129 
2,096  $ 

2025
117  $ 
192 
778 
425 
341 
1,853  $ 

2026

2027 +

Total 
2023 Dec. 2022
—  $  16,948  $  17,129  $  14,835 
21,981 
— 
21,895 
3,150 
11,003 
— 
17,650 
621 
3,771  $  77,938  $  85,658  $  87,364 

14,264 
22,507 
8,788 
22,970 

14,028 
17,786 
8,297 
20,879 

Approximately $47 billion of the Uncalled Fund Commitments are currently not earning fees, but will become fee-bearing once 
the capital is invested. Once invested, these commitments will earn approximately $470 million of additional Fee Revenues.

Manager Dividends

The dividends paid by the Manager on outstanding securities for the years 2023 and 2022 are summarized in the table below. No 
dividend was paid for 2021 as the Manager was formed per the Arrangement in 2022. 

Per Class A Share and Class B Share ........................................................................................................ $ 

Distribution per Security
2022
— 

2023
1.28  $ 

Capital Resources

Clawback Obligations

Performance allocations are subject to clawback to the extent that the performance allocations received to date with respect to a 
fund exceed the amount due to our asset management business based on cumulative results of that fund. The amounts and nature 
of  our  clawback  obligations  are  described  in  Note  2  “Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies”  of  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined Financial Statements of the Asset Management Company as at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 and for the 
years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Capital Requirements 

Certain U.S. and non-U.S. entities of the Manager are subject to various investment advisor and other financial regulatory rules 
and  requirements  that  may  include  minimum  net  capital  requirements.  These  requirements  have  been  met  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023.

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual Obligations

On January 31, 2019, a subsidiary of the Company committed $2.8 billion to BSREP III, of which $2.1 billion has been funded as 
at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – $1.8 billion). The remainder of the commitment will be funded by the Corporation.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual obligations which include commitments to provide bridge 
financing  and  other  equity  commitments.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had  $2.1  billion  of  such  commitments 
outstanding.

The following table presents the contractual obligations of the Manager and asset management business by payment periods:

AS AT DEC. 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)

Payments Due by Period of the Manager

Less than 
1 Year

1 – 3 
Years

4 – 5
Years 

After 5
Years 

Total 

Accounts payable and other   ........................................................ $ 
Due to affiliates    ...........................................................................

128  $ 
6 

134  $ 
— 

66  $ 
255 

531  $ 
— 

859 
261 

AS AT DEC. 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)

Payments Due by Period of the Company

Less than 
1 Year

1 – 3 
Years

4 – 5
Years

After 5
Years

Total

Accounts payable and other   ........................................................ $ 
Due to affiliates    ...........................................................................
Lease obligations  .........................................................................

1,063  $ 
578 
9 

184  $ 
46 
18 

81  $ 
221 
14 

410  $ 
141 
20 

1,738 
986 
61 

Accounts payable and other of the Manager represent amounts owing to employees for carried interest compensation and share 
based compensation, both of which have vesting periods of up to 5 years. Due to affiliates of the Manager represents amount due 
to the asset management business associated with the revolving credit facility established with the company. This revolving credit 
facility is due on demand. 

Accounts  payable  and  other  of  the  company  represents  amounts  due  to  employees  for  equity  based  compensations  costs  and 
carried interest compensation costs. Most awards have a vesting period of up to 5 years. Due to affiliates represents amounts owed 
to related parties associated with equity and liability based compensation as well as carried interest compensation. Additionally 
due  to  affiliates  includes  amounts  owing  with  the  corporation  on  the  revolving  credit  facility  which  has  no  fixed  period  of 
repayment. Lease obligations represents expected payments associated with current leases entered into by the company. 

Exposures to Financial Instruments

As discussed elsewhere in this MD&A, we utilize various financial instruments in our business to manage risk and make better 
use of our capital. The fair values of these instruments that are reflected on our balance sheets are disclosed in Note 5 "Fair Value 
Measurements  of  Financial  Instruments"  to  our  Consolidated  and  Combined  Financial  Statements  of  the  Asset  Management 
Company as at and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Manager may from time to time enter into guarantees given in respect of co-investments in which there is carried interest. 
The amount guaranteed is up to the carry amount paid to the General Partner, net of taxes. No known amounts are currently due or 
owed under these guarantees. 

Related Party Transactions 

The Manager and our asset management business entered into a number of related party transactions with the Corporation and 
other affiliates. See Note 15 "Related Party Transactions" of the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements of the Asset 
Management  Company  as  at  and  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023  and  December  31,  2022  and  Note  7  "Related  Party 
Transactions" of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Manager.

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recent Developments

On July 5, 2023, Brookfield Reinsurance ("BNRE") and American Equity Investment Life Holding Company (“AEL”) entered 
into a merger agreement whereby BNRE will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of AEL it does not already own. As 
part of the agreement, each AEL shareholder will receive $55.00 per AEL share, consisting of $38.85 in cash and 0.49707 of a 
Class A Share of the Manager, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.  

BNRE, the Corporation and the Manager entered into a share purchase agreement in connection with the transaction pursuant to 
which  the  Corporation  will  facilitate  the  delivery  of  Class  A  Shares  of  the  Manager  offered  as  consideration  under  the  merger 
agreement.  

Subject to this occurring, the Manager’s public float will increase by approximately 10% and the Manager’s interest in the Asset 
Management Company will increase from 25% to approximately 27%. The impact of this transaction will not be dilutive to the 
shareholders  of  the  Manager.  The  Manager  will  not  have  any  ownership  interest  in  AEL  following  the  completion  of  the 
transaction. 

72

PART 8
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgements of the Manager

The  Manager  prepares  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP.  The  preparation  of  the  consolidated 
financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires  management  to  make  estimates  that  affect  the  amounts  reported. 
Management believes that estimates utilized in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are presented fairly, in all 
material respects. Such estimates include those used in the valuation of investments and the measurement of deferred tax balances 
(including valuation allowances) and the determination of control or significant influence. Actual results could differ from those 
estimates  and  such  differences  could  be  material.  The  Manager  believes  the  following  critical  accounting  policies  could 
potentially produce materially different results of the Manager, if underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments were to be 
changed.  For  a  full  description  of  accounting  policies,  see  Note  2  “Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies”  of  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  of  the  Manager  as  at  December  31,  2023  and  December  31,  2022  and  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 and period from July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022.

For further reference on accounting policies, including new and revised standards see our accounting policies contained in Note 2 
of the 2023 consolidated financial statements.

Consolidation

The Manager consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest and all variable interest entities (“VIE”) 
for which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it holds a controlling 
financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly 
impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from 
the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Manager determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE 
at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and upon events warranting reconsideration. In determining whether the Manager is 
the primary beneficiary, the company evaluates its control rights as well as economic interests in the entity held either directly or 
indirectly  by  the  company.  The  consolidation  analysis  can  generally  be  performed  qualitatively;  however,  if  it  is  not  readily 
apparent  that  the  company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary,  a  quantitative  analysis  may  also  be  performed.  Investments  and 
redemptions (either by the Manager, affiliates of the company or third parties) and amendments to governing documents could 
affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary. As at December 31, 2023, the Manager is not the 
primary beneficiary of any VIE.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Equity Method Investments

Investments  in  which  the  Manager  is  deemed  to  exert  significant  influence,  but  not  control,  are  accounted  for  using  the  equity 
method of accounting. The Manager has significant influence over the Asset Management Company and therefore accounts for its 
investment under the equity method. 

The  carrying  value  of  equity  method  investments  is  determined  based  on  amounts  invested  by  the  company,  adjusted  for  the 
equity  in  earnings  or  losses  of  the  investee  allocated  based  on  the  relevant  agreements,  less  distributions  received.  Further,  the 
carrying  value  of  the  equity  method  investment  is  adjusted  as  a  result  of  any  share-based  awards  granted  by  the  Manager  to 
employees  of  the  Asset  Management  Company.  Under  the  equity  method  of  accounting,  the  Manager's  share  of  earnings  from 
equity investments is included in the Share of income from equity investments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive 
Income.  The  Manager  evaluates  its  equity  method  investments  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances 
indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may not be recoverable.

Refer to Note 3 "Investments" of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Manager for further details of the Manager's equity 
method investments.

Estimates and Judgements of the Manager

Management  is  required  to  make  critical  judgements  and  estimates  when  applying  its  accounting  policies.  The  following 
judgements and estimates have the most significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

73

Control or Level of Influence 

When  determining  the  appropriate  basis  of  accounting  for  the  Manager's  and  the  asset  management  business’s  investees,  the 
company  makes  judgments  about  the  degree  of  influence  that  it  exerts  directly  or  through  an  arrangement  over  the  investees’ 
relevant activities. This may include the ability to elect investee directors or appoint management. Control is obtained when the 
company has the power to direct the relevant investing, financing and operating decisions of an entity and does so in its capacity 
as  principal  of  the  operations,  rather  than  as  an  agent  for  other  investors.  Operating  as  a  principal  includes  having  sufficient 
capital at risk in any investee and exposure to the variability of the returns generated as a result of the decisions of the company as 
principal.  Judgment  is  used  in  determining  the  sufficiency  of  the  capital  at  risk  or  variability  of  returns.  In  making  these 
judgments,  the  company  considers  the  ability  of  other  investors  to  remove  the  company  as  a  manager  or  general  partner  in  a 
controlled partnership.

Indicators of Impairment 

Judgment  is  applied  when  determining  whether  indicators  of  impairment  exist  when  assessing  the  carrying  values  of  the 
company’s assets, including: the determination of the company’s ability to hold financial assets; the determination of discount and 
capitalization rates; and when an asset’s carrying value is above the value derived using publicly traded prices which are quoted in 
a liquid market.

Income Taxes 

The  company  makes  judgments  when  determining  the  future  tax  rates  applicable  and  identifying  the  temporary  differences. 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply during the period when the assets 
are realized or the liabilities settled, using the tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the consolidated balance sheet 
dates. 

Carried Interest allocations - Unrealized

The  change  in  the  fair  value  of  investments  is  a  significant  input  into  carried  interest  allocations  -  unrealized.  Estimates  and 
assumptions are made when determining the fair value of the underlying investments within the funds. See “— Fair Value” below 
for  further  discussion  related  to  significant  estimates  and  assumptions  used  for  determining  fair  value  of  the  underlying 
investments.

Fair Value

The asset management business uses fair value throughout the reporting process. For details of our accounting policies related to 
fair value refer to Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Fair Value of Financial Instruments” and “Summary 
of Significant Accounting Policies — Revenue Recognition” in the “Notes to Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements”. 
The  following  discussion  is  intended  to  provide  supplemental  information  about  how  the  application  of  fair  value  principles 
impact our financial results, and management’s process for implementing those principles including areas of significant judgment.

The fair value of the investments held by the asset management business's funds is the primary input to the calculation of certain 
of  our  management  fees,  incentive  fees,  performance  fees  and  the  related  compensation  we  recognize.  In  the  absence  of 
observable  market  prices,  we  utilize  valuation  methodologies  applied  on  a  consistent  basis  and  assumptions  that  we  believe 
market participants would use to determine the fair value of the investments. For investments where little market activity exists 
management’s determination of fair value is based on the best information available in the circumstances, which may incorporate 
management’s own assumptions and involves a significant degree of judgment, and the consideration of a combination of internal 
and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

Assessments and Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  the  Manager’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  (as  defined  in  the 
applicable  U.S.  and  Canadian  securities  laws)  as  of  December  31,  2023  and  based  on  that  assessment  concluded  that,  as  of 
December 31, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Refer to Management’s Report on Internal Control 
Over Financial Reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter or year 
ended  December  31,  2023  that  have  materially  affected,  or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  our  internal  control  over 
financial reporting.

Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Manager's 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  the  applicable  U.S.  and  Canadian  securities  laws)  as  of  December  31,  2023. 
Based  on  that  evaluation,  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  concluded  that  such  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023. 

74

PART 9
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND RISK DISCLOSURES 

Market Risk

The primary market risk exposure of our asset management business relates to its role as an asset manager of the publicly listed 
permanent  capital  vehicles  and  the  sensitivity  of  base  management  fees  earned  from  these  affiliates  due  to  movements  in  their 
underlying trading price. Specifically, with respect to the market risk related to base management fees earned based on the market 
capitalization of BEP, BIP and BBU. 

The  table  below  outlines  the  impact  to  base  management  and  advisory  fee  revenues  if  there  was  a  10%  decline  in  the  market 
capitalization of the aforementioned permanent capital vehicles:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
BEP  ................................................................................................................................................ $ 
BIP      .................................................................................................................................................
BBU     ...............................................................................................................................................
Revenues   ........................................................................................................................................ $ 

2023

22  $ 
32 
4 
58  $ 

2022
19 
33 
7 
59 

Foreign Currency Risk

We have very limited exposure to foreign currency risk as a majority of our private funds are denominated in USD. This means 
that a majority of the base management fees and carried interest that we earn are paid in USD, irrespective of the local currency of 
our underlying investment base.

Interest Rate Risk

The Manager has interest rate exposure through balances held with affiliates and does not hold debt or term deposits with third 
parties. The Manager incurs interest expense on its revolving credit facility borrowings with the Asset Management Company. 
Interest expense on this balance is at a variable rate of interest. In fiscal 2023, a 50 basis-point increase (decrease) in interest rates, 
with  all  other  variables  held  constant,  would  have  resulted  in  an  approximate  increase  (decrease)  of  $0.7  million  in  interest 
expense. A 50 basis-point increase (decrease) in interest rates would result in an approximate increase (decrease) of $1.3 million 
in interest expense assuming December 31, 2023 year end balances remain constant throughout 2024.

The Asset Management Company has interest rate exposure through balances held with affiliates and does not hold debt or term 
deposits with third parties. BAM ULC earns interest income on its deposit balance with the Corporation and as the lender on the 
revolving  credit  facility  it  extends  to  the  Manager.  The  Asset  Management  Company  incurs  interest  expense  on  its  revolving 
credit facility borrowings with the Corporation. Interest income and expenses on these balances are at variable rates of interest. In 
fiscal 2023, a 50 basis-point increase (decrease) in interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in an 
approximate  increase  (decrease)  of  $13.6  million  in  net  interest  income.  A  50  basis-point  increase  (decrease)  in  interest  rates 
would result in an approximate increase (decrease) of $12.6 million in net interest income assuming December 31, 2023 year end 
balances remain constant throughout 2024.

Credit Risk

Investors  in  our  private  funds  make  capital  commitments  to  these  vehicles  via  subscription  agreements.  When  a  private  fund 
makes an investment, these capital commitments are then satisfied by our investors via capital contributions as prescribed under 
these subscription agreements. Investors in our private funds may default on their capital commitment obligations, which could 
have  an  adverse  impact  on  our  earnings  or  result  in  other  negative  implications  to  our  businesses  such  as  the  requirement  to 
deploy our own capital to cover such obligations. This impact would be magnified if the investor that does so is in multiple funds. 
Given the diversity and creditworthiness of our over 2,300 clients, including some of the world’s largest institutional investors, 
sovereign  wealth  funds  and  pension  plans,  we  are  of  the  view  that  there  is  not  a  material  credit  risk  present  in  our  asset 
management business. 

75

 
 
 
 
Risks Relating to the Manager

You should carefully consider the following factors in addition to other information set forth in this Annual Report. If any of the 
following risks were actually to occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the prospects and value of 
the Class A Shares would likely suffer. 

The material assets of the Manager consist solely of its approximate 25% interest in the common shares of the Asset 
Management Company.

The material assets of the Manager consist solely of its approximate 25% interest in the common shares of the Asset Management 
Company.  While  the  Manager  has  the  right  to  nominate  one-half  of  the  board  of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  the 
Corporation holds the remaining approximate 75% interest in the common shares of the Asset Management Company and has the 
right  to  nominate  the  other  one-half  of  the  board  of  the  Asset  Management  Company.  Therefore,  the  Manager  relies  on  the 
cooperation of the Corporation to make decisions regarding our asset management business. If the interests of the Manager and 
the Corporation differ with respect to our asset management business, the Manager may not be able to implement policies at our 
asset management business that it determines are desirable.

For  example,  while  the  Manager  intends  to  pay  regular  dividends  to  shareholders,  the  Manager  has  no  independent  means  of 
generating revenue. The Manager depends on distributions and other payments from our asset management business to provide it 
with the funds necessary to meet its financial obligations, as well as pay dividends to shareholders. The Manager intends to pay 
dividends to shareholders on a quarterly basis equal to approximately 90% of its Distributable Earnings in the preceding quarter 
and our asset management business intends to pay dividends to the Manager and the Corporation on a quarterly basis sufficient to 
ensure  that  the  Manager  can  pay  its  intended  dividend.  Dividends  will  be  variable  and  will  change  in  line  with  the  growth  of 
Distributable Earnings. The declaration and payment of any dividends will be at the discretion of the Board (and the board of the 
Asset Management Company), and may change at any time, including, without limitation, to reduce such quarterly dividends or to 
eliminate such dividends entirely.

Our  asset  management  business  and  our  managed  assets  are  legally  distinct  from  the  Manager  and  some  of  them  are  or  may 
become restricted in their ability to pay dividends and distributions or otherwise make funds available to the Manager pursuant to 
local  law,  regulatory  requirements  and  their  contractual  agreements,  including  agreements  governing  their  financing 
arrangements. Our asset management business and our managed assets will generally be required to service their debt and other 
obligations before making distributions to the Manager.

The  trading  price  of  the  Class  A  Shares  is  subject  to  volatility  due  to  market  conditions  and  other  factors  and  cannot  be 
predicted.

The market price of our Class A Shares may be volatile and could fluctuate significantly in response to factors both related and 
unrelated to our operating performance and/or future prospects, including, but not limited to: (i) variations in our operating results 
and financial condition; (ii) actual or prospective changes in government laws, rules or regulations affecting our business and our 
managed  assets;  (iii)  material  announcements  by  us,  our  affiliates  or  our  competitors;  (iv)  the  general  state  of  the  securities 
markets; (v) market conditions and events specific to the industries in which we and our managed assets operate; (vi) changes and 
developments  in  general  economic,  political,  or  social  conditions,  including  as  a  result  of  pandemics/epidemics  and  related 
economic disruptions; (vii) changes in the values of our investments and distributions or changes in the amount of interest paid in 
respect of investments; (viii) differences between our actual financial results and those expected by investors and analysts; (ix) 
changes in analysts’ recommendations or earnings projections; (x) the depth and liquidity of the market for the Class A Shares; 
(xi) dilution from the issuance of additional equity; (xii) investor perception of our business, our managed assets and the sectors in 
which we deploy the funds from our strategies; (xiii) investment restrictions; (xiv) our dividend policy; (xv) the departure of key 
executives; (xvi) sales of Class A Shares by senior management or significant shareholders; and (xvii) the materialization of other 
risks.

The Corporation’s actions could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The Corporation is a significant investor in our asset management business and we rely on the Corporation for many aspects of 
our business. In addition, the Corporation has the right (but not the obligation) to participate up to 25% (net of any participation of 
our asset management business) in each new sponsored fund of our asset management business. This participation includes any 
participation by the Corporation’s perpetual affiliates and Brookfield Reinsurance, but they are also not obligated to invest capital 
in our funds. Any fees to be paid to our asset management business on the Corporation’s managed capital must be agreed to by 
the Corporation, in its sole discretion. It is expected that most of the Corporation’s capital will continue to be provided by the 
perpetual  affiliates,  for  whom  existing  fee  arrangements  will  continue  to  apply.  For  greater  certainty,  for  any  new  capital,  the 

76

Corporation has a right to determine that no fees will apply. If the Corporation does not commit all the capital it is entitled to 
provide, or does not agree for its capital to be fee-bearing, we may have difficultly growing our managed capital or our revenues.

In addition, the Corporation has substantial influence on our asset management business through its approximate 75% interest in 
the common shares of the Asset Management Company. While the Manager has the right to nominate one-half of the board of the 
Asset Management Company, the Corporation holds the remaining approximate 75% interest in the common shares of the Asset 
Management Company and has the right to nominate the other one-half of the board of the Asset Management Company. If the 
interests of the Manager and the Corporation differ with respect to our asset management business, the Manager may not be able 
to  implement  policies  at  our  asset  management  business  that  it  determines  are  desirable.  There  is  no  formal  dispute  resolution 
mechanism in the Voting Agreement relating to the voting of shares of our asset management business, and, if we are unable to 
agree, we may be prevented from achieving our objectives, including our financial objectives.

In  addition,  a  significant  portion  of  our  Fee-Bearing  Capital  is  represented  by  the  capital  of  the  perpetual  affiliates,  which  are 
controlled  by  the  Corporation.  The  Corporation  will  therefore  exercise  significant  influence  over  their  operation,  including 
(among other things) distribution policies that enable us to earn incentive distributions.

The  Corporation  has  no  obligation  to  provide  backstops  or  other  guarantees  relating  to  new  investments  or  acquisitions,  or  to 
commit capital on a transitional basis while other investors are being sourced, but any arrangements or understandings existing at 
the time of completion of the Arrangement will be continued. Moreover, if the Corporation does make transitory investments it 
will  generally  be  entitled  to  receive  the  same  cost  of  carry  for  such  investment  as  the  relevant  fund  of  our  asset  management 
business is entitled to under its fund documents (typically 8%) as well as stand-by / commitment fees at market rates and such 
other  compensation  as  otherwise  may  be  mutually  agreed.  It  is  possible  that  our  ability  to  deploy  capital  may  be  adversely 
affected by not having the Corporation’s backstops or other guarantees, or we may be required to deploy our own capital, or to 
pay for other sources of capital.

We depend on our global reputation for integrity and investment acumen. Our business could be negatively impacted by changes 
in  the  Corporation’s  global  reputation.  In  addition,  other  than  as  described  in  this  Annual  Report,  the  Corporation  is  not 
committed to an exclusive relationship with us, and we may compete with the Corporation (except for capital represented by the 
perpetual affiliates, which is exclusive) or compete with other asset managers for the Corporation’s capital.

The  Manager  is  a  newly  formed  company  and  has  a  limited  operating  history  as  an  independent  public  company  and  the 
historical  financial  information  included  herein  may  not  reflect  the  financial  condition  or  operating  results  we  would  have 
achieved during the periods presented, and therefore may not be a reliable indicator of our future financial performance.

The Manager was formed on July 4, 2022 and has a limited operating history as an independent public company and the historical 
financial information included herein may not reflect the financial condition or operating results we would have achieved during 
the  periods  presented  in  this  Annual  Report  and  therefore,  may  not  be  a  reliable  indicator  of  our  or  our  asset  management 
business’  future  financial  performance.  Our  limited  operating  history  will  make  it  difficult  to  assess  our  ability  to  operate 
profitably  and  make  distributions  to  shareholders.  Although  our  business  has  been  under  the  Corporation’s  control  prior  to  the 
formation  of  the  Manager,  its  results  have  not  previously  been  reported  on  a  stand-alone  basis  and,  therefore,  may  not  be 
indicative of our future financial condition or operating results. We urge you to carefully consider the basis on which the historical 
financial information included herein was prepared and presented.

Deficiencies in our public company financial reporting and disclosures could adversely impact our reputation.

As  we  expand  the  size  and  scope  of  our  business,  there  is  a  greater  susceptibility  that  our  financial  reporting  and  other  public 
disclosure  documents  may  contain  material  misstatements  and  that  the  controls  we  maintain  to  attempt  to  ensure  the  complete 
accuracy  of  our  public  disclosures  may  fail  to  operate  as  intended.  The  occurrence  of  such  events  could  adversely  impact  our 
reputation and financial condition. In addition, we disclose certain metrics that do not have standardized meaning, are based on 
our own methodologies and assumptions and may not properly convey the information they purport to reflect.

Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  to  give  our 
stakeholders assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external 
purposes in conformity with U.S. GAAP. However, the process for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over 
financial  reporting  has  inherent  limitations,  including  the  possibility  of  human  error.  In  addition,  we  may  exclude  recently 
acquired companies from our evaluation of internal controls.

Our  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements  in  our  financial  disclosures  on  a  timely 
basis, or at all. Some of these processes may be new for certain subsidiaries in our structure, and in the case of acquisitions, may 
take time to be fully implemented.

77

Our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  designed  to  provide  assurance  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  us  in 
reports filed or submitted under Canadian and U.S. securities laws is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the 
time periods specified. Our policies and procedures governing disclosures may not ensure that all material information regarding 
us is disclosed in a proper and timely fashion, or that we will be successful in preventing the disclosure of material information to 
a single person or a limited group of people before such information is generally disseminated.

The Manager uses the equity method of accounting for its interest in our asset management business, and our asset management 
business’  results  will  not  be  consolidated  into  our  financial  statements,  and  therefore  the  recording  of  our  asset  management 
business’  transactions  into  its  accounts  is  not  part  of  the  Manager’s  internal  control  structure.  The  Manager  expects  to  provide 
Asset  Management  Company  stand-alone  financial  statements.  However,  our  asset  management  business  will  not  be 
independently required to meet Sarbanes-Oxley requirements and the Manager will not have the same control and certification 
processes  with  respect  to  the  information  on  our  asset  management  business  that  it  would  have  if  it  were  a  wholly-owned 
subsidiary of the Manager.

If the Manager or our auditors were to conclude that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective in respect of 
any reporting period, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information and the price of our Class A Shares 
could decline. Our failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
our  ability  to  access  capital  markets  and  our  reputation.  In  addition,  material  weaknesses  in  our  internal  controls  could  require 
significant expense and management time to remediate.

We may be liable for the debts and liabilities of our asset management business.

The Asset Management Company is an unlimited liability company formed under the laws of British Columbia, and certain of its 
subsidiaries  are  also  unlimited  liability  companies.  As  a  result,  the  Manager  and  the  Corporation  will  be  jointly  and  severally 
liable to contribute to the assets of our asset management business for the payment of its debts and liabilities on a liquidation or a 
dissolution.  If  the  Manager  has  assets  other  than  its  interest  in  our  asset  management  business,  and  if  the  assets  of  our  asset 
management  business  are  not  sufficient  to  cover  its  debts  and  liabilities  (including  those  arising  as  a  result  of  its  obligations 
towards its unlimited liability company subsidiaries), then the Manager’s assets may be required to be contributed to the Asset 
Management  Company,  potentially  to  a  degree  that  exceeds  its  approximate  25%  interest,  further  reducing  the  assets  of  the 
Manager available to its shareholders.

Our organizational and ownership structure may create conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is not in our 
best interests or the best interests of our shareholders.

Our organizational and ownership structure involves a number of relationships that may give rise to conflicts of interest between 
us and our shareholders, on the one hand, and the Corporation, on the other hand. For example, except to a limited extent, the 
Corporation is not committed to an exclusive relationship with us, and we may compete with the Corporation (except for capital 
represented  by  the  perpetual  affiliates,  which  is  exclusive)  or  may  compete  with  other  asset  managers  for  the  Corporation’s 
capital.

Many  of  our  executives  and  employees  have  a  material  portion  of  their  equity  compensation  awards  that  are  tied  to  the 
performance of the shares of the Corporation. If the market value of the Manager’s shares and the Corporation’s shares are not 
fully  aligned,  the  existence  of  these  awards  may  result  in  our  executives  and  employees  being  less  focused  on  the  Manager’s 
financial success.

Canadian and U.S. investors may find it difficult or impossible to effect service of process and enforce judgments against us, 
our directors and our executive officers.

Certain directors of the Manager reside outside of Canada. Consequently, it may not be possible for Canadian investors to enforce 
judgments  obtained  in  Canada  against  any  person  who  resides  outside  of  Canada,  even  if  the  party  has  appointed  an  agent  for 
service  of  process.  Furthermore,  it  may  be  difficult  to  realize  upon  or  enforce  in  Canada  any  judgment  of  a  court  of  Canada 
against the directors of the Manager who reside outside of Canada since a substantial portion of the assets of such person may be 
located outside of Canada.

Similarly, the Manager is a company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, most of its officers and directors 
are not residents of the United States, and a substantial portion of the assets of the Manager and said persons are located outside 
the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for U.S. investors to: (i) effect service of process within the United States upon 
the Manager or those directors and officers who are not residents of the United States; or (ii) realize in the United States upon 
judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws.

78

Risks Relating to our Business

Growth in Fee-Bearing Capital could be adversely impacted by poor product development or marketing efforts. In addition, 
investment  returns  could  be  lower  than  target  returns  due  to  inappropriate  allocation  of  capital  or  ineffective  investment 
management.

Our  business  depends  on  our  ability  to  fundraise  third-party  capital,  deploy  that  capital  effectively  and  produce  targeted 
investment returns.

Our ability to raise third-party capital depends on a number of factors, including many that are outside our control such as the 
general  economic  environment  and  market  conditions  (including  the  performance  of  the  stock  market),  investment  rules  or 
policies to which third party investors are subject, and the number of other investment funds being raised at the same time by our 
competitors. Investors may reduce (or even eliminate) their investment allocations to alternative investments, including closed-
ended private funds. Investors that are required to maintain specific asset class allocations within their portfolio may be required 
to  reduce  their  investment  allocations  to  alternative  investments,  particularly  during  periods  when  other  asset  classes,  such  as 
public  securities,  are  decreasing  in  value.  In  addition,  investors  may  prefer  to  insource  and  make  direct  investments;  therefore, 
becoming competitors and ceasing to be clients and/or make new capital commitments.

Competition from other asset managers for raising public and private capital is intense, with competition based on a variety of 
factors, including investment performance, the quality of service provided to investors, the quality and availability of investment 
products,  marketing  efforts,  investor  liquidity  and  willingness  to  invest,  and  reputation.  Poor  investment  performance  could 
hamper our ability to compete for these sources of capital or force us to reduce our management fees. Our investors and potential 
investors continually assess investment performance and our ability to raise capital for existing and future funds depends on our 
funds’ relative and absolute performance. If poor investment returns or changes in investment mandates prevent us from raising 
further capital from our existing partners, we may need to identify and attract new investors in order to maintain or increase the 
size  of  our  private  funds,  and  there  are  no  assurances  that  we  will  be  able  to  find  new  investors.  Further,  as  competition  and 
disintermediation in the asset management industry increase, we may face pressure to reduce or modify our asset management 
fees, including base management fees and/or carried interest, or modify other terms governing our current asset management fee 
structure, in order to attract and retain investors.

The successful execution of our investing strategy is uncertain as it requires suitable opportunities, careful timing and business 
judgment,  as  well  as  the  resources  to  complete  asset  purchases  and  restructure  them,  if  required,  notwithstanding  difficulties 
experienced in a particular industry.

There is no certainty that we will be able to identify suitable or sufficient opportunities that meet our investment criteria and be 
able  to  acquire  additional  high-quality  assets  at  attractive  prices  to  supplement  our  growth  in  a  timely  manner,  or  at  all.  In 
pursuing investment opportunities and returns, we and our managed assets face competition from other investment managers and 
investors  worldwide.  Each  of  our  strategies  is  subject  to  competition  in  varying  degrees  and  our  competitors  may  have  certain 
competitive  advantages  over  us  when  pursuing  investment  opportunities.  Some  of  our  competitors  may  have  higher  risk 
tolerances, different risk assessments, lower return thresholds, a lower cost of capital, or a lower effective tax rate (or no tax rate 
at  all),  all  of  which  could  allow  them  to  consider  a  wider  variety  of  investments  and  to  bid  more  aggressively  than  us  for 
investments.  We  may  lose  investment  opportunities  in  the  future  if  we  do  not  match  investment  prices,  structures  and  terms 
offered by our competitors, some of whom may have synergistic businesses which allow them to consider bidding a higher price 
than  we  can  reasonably  offer.  While  we  will  continue  to  attempt  to  deal  with  competitive  pressures  by  leveraging  our  asset 
management strengths and the operating capabilities of the Corporation and compete on more than just price, there is no guarantee 
these measures will be successful, and we may have difficulty competing for investment opportunities, particularly those offered 
through auction or other competitive processes. If we are unable to successfully raise, retain and deploy third-party capital into 
investments, or make acquisitions which yield attractive returns, we may be unable to collect management fees, carried interest or 
transaction fees, which would materially reduce our revenue and cash flows and adversely affect our financial condition.

Our  approach  to  investing  may  entail  adding  assets  to  our  existing  managed  assets  through  tuck-in  acquisitions  when  the 
competition for assets is weakest; typically, when depressed economic conditions exist in the market relating to a particular entity 
or industry. Such an investing style carries with it inherent risks when investments are made in either markets or industries that 
are undergoing some form of dislocation. We may fail to value opportunities accurately or to consider all relevant factors that may 
be  necessary  or  helpful  in  evaluating  an  opportunity,  may  underestimate  the  costs  necessary  to  bring  an  acquisition  up  to 
standards  established  for  its  intended  market  position,  may  be  exposed  to  unexpected  risks  and  costs  associated  with  these 
investments, including risks arising from alternative technologies that could impair or eliminate the competitive advantage of our 
managed assets in a particular industry, and/or may be unable to quickly and effectively integrate new acquisitions into existing 
operations or exit from the investment on favorable terms. In addition, liabilities may exist that we or our managed assets do not 

79

discover in due diligence prior to the consummation of an acquisition, or circumstances may exist with respect to the entities or 
assets acquired that could lead to future liabilities and, in each case, we or our managed assets may not be entitled to sufficient, or 
any, recourse against the contractual counterparties to an acquisition.

Our credit strategies, the majority of which are managed through Oaktree, offer a broad diverse range of long-term and perpetual 
strategies to our investors. Similar to our other long-term private funds, we earn base management fees and carried interest on 
fund capital in our credit strategies. Cyclicality is important to credit strategies and weak economic environments have tended to 
afford  the  best  investment  opportunities  and  best  relative  investment  performance  to  such  strategies.  Any  prolonged  economic 
expansion  or  recession  could  have  an  adverse  impact  on  certain  credit  strategies  and  materially  affect  the  ability  to  deliver 
superior investment returns for clients or generate incentive or other income in respect of those strategies.

We generally pursue investment opportunities that involve business, regulatory, legal and other complexities. Our tolerance for 
complexity presents risks, as completing complex transactions on behalf of our managed assets can be more difficult, expensive 
and time-consuming to finance and execute, and have a higher risk of execution failure. It can also be more difficult to manage or 
realize  value  from  the  assets  acquired  in  such  transactions  and  such  transactions  sometimes  entail  a  higher  level  of  regulatory 
scrutiny or a greater risk of contingent liabilities.

At  times,  we  make  investments  (for  one  or  more  of  our  funds  or  managed  assets)  in  companies  that  we  do  not  control.  These 
investments  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  the  company  in  which  the  investment  is  made  may  make  business,  financial  or 
management decisions with which we do not agree or that the majority stakeholders or the management of the company may take 
risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve our interests.

Certain  strategies  may  be  concentrated  in  particular  asset  types  or  geographic  regions,  which  could  exacerbate  any  negative 
performance  of  one  or  more  of  our  managed  assets  to  the  extent  those  concentrated  investments  are  in  assets  or  regions  that 
experience market dislocation. In addition, certain of our funds hold publicly traded securities, the price of which will be volatile 
and  are  likely  to  fluctuate  due  to  a  number  of  factors  beyond  our  control,  including  actual  or  anticipated  changes  in  the 
profitability of the issuers of such securities; general economic, social, or political developments; changes in industry conditions; 
changes in governance regulation; inflation; the general state of the securities markets; pandemics/epidemics; and other material 
events.

The failure of a newly acquired business to perform according to expectations could have a material adverse effect on our assets, 
liabilities, business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Alternatively, we may be required to sell a business 
before it has realized our expected level of returns for such business.

If  any  of  our  managed  investments  perform  poorly  or  experience  prolonged  periods  of  volatility,  or  we  are  unable  to  deploy 
capital effectively, our fee-based revenue, cash available for distribution and/or carried interest would decline. Accordingly, our 
expected returns on these investments may be less than we have assumed in forecasting the value of our business.

Actions or conduct that have a negative impact on our investors’ or stakeholders’ perception of us could adversely impact our 
ability to attract and/or retain investor capital and generate fee revenue.

The growth of our business relies on continuous fundraising for various private and public investment products, and retention of 
capital raised from third-party investors. We depend on our business relationships and our global reputation for integrity and high-
caliber asset management services to attract and retain investors and advisory clients, and to pursue investment opportunities for 
our  clients.  Our  business  relationships  and  reputation  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a  number  of  factors  including  poor 
performance;  actual,  potential  or  perceived  conflicts  of  interest  that  are  not  adequately  addressed;  misconduct  or  alleged 
misconduct by employees; rumors or innuendos; or failed or ineffective implementation of new investments or strategies. If we 
are  unable  to  continue  to  raise  and  retain  capital  from  third-party  investors,  including  from  the  Corporation,  either  privately, 
publicly  or  both,  or  otherwise  are  unable  to  pursue  our  investment  opportunities,  this  could  materially  reduce  our  revenue  and 
cash flows and adversely affect our financial condition.

Poor performance of any kind could damage our reputation with current and potential investors in our managed assets, making it 
more difficult for us to raise new capital. Investors may decline to invest in current and future managed assets and may withdraw 
their investments from our managed assets as a result of poor performance in the entity in which they are invested, and investors 
in our private funds may demand lower fees for new or existing funds, all of which would decrease our revenue.

As a global alternative asset manager with various lines of business and investment products, some of which have overlapping 
mandates, we may be subject to a number of actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest.

In addressing these conflicts, we have implemented a variety of policies and procedures; however, there can be no assurances that 
these will be effective at mitigating actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest in all circumstances, or will not reduce the 

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positive  synergies  that  we  seek  to  cultivate.  It  is  also  possible  that  actual,  potential  or  perceived  conflicts  of  interest,  if  not 
properly  addressed,  could  give  rise  to  investor  dissatisfaction,  litigation,  regulatory  enforcement  actions  or  other  detrimental 
outcomes. See “Risks Relating to the Manager — Our organizational and ownership structure may create conflicts of interest that 
may be resolved in a manner that is not in our best interests or the best interests of our shareholders”.

Appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest for an asset manager like us is a priority and our reputation could be damaged if 
we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest. Asset manager conflicts are 
subject to enhanced regulatory scrutiny in the markets in which we operate and in the U.S. in particular. Such regulatory scrutiny 
can lead to fines, penalties and other negative consequences. Regulatory scrutiny of, or litigation in connection with, conflicts of 
interest could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations in a number of 
ways,  including  an  inability  to  adequately  capitalize  existing  managed  assets  or  raise  new  managed  assets,  including  private 
funds,  and  a  reluctance  of  counterparties  to  do  business  with  us.  For  information  regarding  conflicts  of  interests  between  the 
businesses within our asset management operations that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier, see “—Information 
barriers may give rise to certain conflicts and risks and investment teams managing the activities of businesses that operate on 
opposite sides of an information barrier will not be aware of, and will not have the ability to manage, such conflicts and risks” 
herein.

Our reputation could also be negatively impacted if there is misconduct or alleged misconduct by our personnel or those of our 
managed assets, including historical misconduct prior to the investment in such managed asset. Risks associated with misconduct 
at our managed assets is heightened in cases where we do not have legal control or significant influence over a particular managed 
asset or are not otherwise involved in actively managing an investment. In such situations, given our management position and 
affiliation with the managed asset, we may still be negatively impacted from a reputational perspective through this association. In 
addition, even where we have management over an asset, if it is a newly acquired asset that we are in the process of integrating 
then we may face reputational risks related to historical or current misconduct or alleged misconduct at such managed asset for a 
period of time. We may also face increased risk of misconduct to the extent investments in operating assets in emerging markets 
and  distressed  companies  increases.  If  we  face  allegations  of  improper  conduct  by  private  litigants  or  regulators,  whether  the 
allegations are valid or invalid or whether the ultimate outcome is favorable or unfavorable to us, such allegations may result in 
negative publicity and press speculation about us, our investment activities or the asset management industry in general, which 
could harm our reputation and may be more damaging to our business than to other types of businesses.

We are subject to a number of obligations and standards arising from our business and our authority over the assets we manage. 
The violation of these obligations and standards by any of our employees may adversely affect our partners and our business and 
reputation. Our business often requires that we deal with confidential matters. If our employees were to improperly use or disclose 
confidential  information,  or  a  security  breach  results  in  an  inadvertent  disclosure  of  such  information,  we  could  suffer  serious 
harm to our reputation, financial position and current and future business relationships. It is not always possible to detect or deter 
employee misconduct or security breaches, and the precautions we take in this regard may not be effective.

Implementation of new investment and growth strategies involves a number of risks that could result in losses and harm to our 
professional  reputation,  including  the  risk  that  the  expected  results  are  not  achieved,  that  new  strategies  are  not  appropriately 
planned for or integrated, that new strategies may conflict with, detract from or compete against our managed assets, and that the 
investment  process,  controls  and  procedures  that  we  have  developed  will  prove  insufficient  or  inadequate.  Furthermore,  our 
strategic initiatives may include joint ventures, in which case we will be subject to additional risks and uncertainties in that we 
may be dependent upon and subject to liability, losses or reputational damage relating to systems, controls and personnel that are 
not under our complete control or under the control of another.

In addition to impacting our ability to raise and retain third-party capital and pursue investment opportunities, certain of the risks 
identified herein that may have a negative impact on our reputation also could, in extreme cases, result in our removal as general 
partner or an acceleration of the liquidation date of the private funds that we manage. The governing agreements of our private 
funds provide that, subject to certain conditions (which may, particularly in the case of our removal as general partner, include 
final legal adjudications of the merits of the particular issue), third-party investors in these funds will have the right to remove us 
as general partner or to accelerate the liquidation date of the fund. Additionally, at any time, investors may seek to terminate a 
fund and accelerate the liquidation date upon the vote of a super-majority of investors in such fund. A significant negative impact 
to our reputation would be expected to increase the likelihood that investors could seek to terminate a private fund. This effect 
would be magnified if, as is often the case, an investor is invested in more than one fund. Such an event, were it to occur, would 
result in a reduction in the fees we would earn from such fund, particularly if we are unable to maximize the value of the fund’s 
investments  during  the  liquidation  process  or  in  the  event  of  the  triggering  of  a  “clawback”  for  fees  already  paid  out  to  us  as 
general partner.

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We are subject to numerous laws, rules and regulatory requirements which may impact our business, including resulting in 
financial penalties, loss of business and/or damage to our reputation in instances of non-compliance.

There are many laws, governmental rules and regulations and listing exchange rules that apply to our business and our managed 
assets.  Changes  in  these  laws,  rules  and  regulations,  or  their  interpretation  by  governmental  agencies  or  the  courts,  could 
adversely affect our business, our managed assets, or our prospects, or those of our affiliates, customers, clients or partners. The 
failure  of  the  Manager,  our  asset  management  business  or  the  entities  that  we  manage  to  comply  with  these  laws,  rules  and 
regulations,  or  with  the  rules  and  registration  requirements  of  the  respective  stock  exchanges  on  which  we  and  they  are  listed, 
could adversely affect our reputation and financial condition.

Our  business,  including  our  investment  advisory  and  broker-dealer  business,  is  subject  to  substantial  and  increasing  regulatory 
compliance obligations and oversight, and this higher level of scrutiny may lead to more regulatory enforcement actions. There 
continues  to  be  uncertainty  regarding  the  appropriate  level  of  regulation  and  oversight  of  asset  management  businesses  in  a 
number  of  jurisdictions  in  which  we  operate.  The  financial  services  industry  has  been  the  subject  of  heightened  scrutiny  and 
enforcement actions. Regulatory investigations and/or enforcement actions by our regulators could have a material adverse effect 
on our business and/or reputation. In addition, the introduction of new legislation and increased regulation may result in increased 
compliance costs and could materially affect the manner in which we conduct our business and adversely affect our profitability. 
Although there may be some areas where governments in certain jurisdictions propose deregulation, it is difficult to predict the 
timing and impact of any such deregulation, and we may not materially benefit from any such changes.

Our business is not only regulated in the U.S., but also in other jurisdictions where we conduct operations including the E.U., the 
U.K., Canada, Brazil, Colombia, Australia, India, South Korea and China. Similar to the environment in the U.S., our business 
and how we market in jurisdictions outside the U.S. has become subject to further regulation. Governmental agencies around the 
world have proposed or implemented a number of initiatives and additional rules and regulations that could adversely affect our 
business  and  our  managed  assets,  and  governmental  agencies  may  propose  or  implement  further  rules  and  regulations  in  the 
future. These rules and regulations may impact how we market in these jurisdictions and introduce compliance obligations with 
respect  to  disclosure  and  transparency,  as  well  as  restrictions  on  investor  participation  and  distributions.  Such  regulations  may 
also prescribe certain capital requirements on our managed assets, and conditions on the leverage our managed assets may employ 
and  the  liquidity  these  managed  assets  must  have.  Compliance  with  additional  regulatory  requirements  will  impose  additional 
restrictions and expenses for us and could reduce our operating flexibility and fundraising opportunities.

The broker-dealer side of our managed assets is regulated by the SEC, the various Canadian provincial securities commissions, as 
well as self-regulatory organizations, including the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority in the U.S. These regulatory bodies 
may  conduct  administrative  or  enforcement  proceedings  that  can  result  in  censure,  fine,  suspension  or  expulsion  of  a  broker-
dealer, its directors, officers or employees. Such proceedings, whether or not resulting in adverse findings, can require substantial 
expenditures and can have an adverse impact on the reputation of a broker-dealer.

The advisors of certain of our managed assets are registered as investment advisers with the SEC. Registered investment advisers 
are subject to the requirements and regulations of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which grants U.S. supervisory agencies 
broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict the carrying on of business for failure to comply with laws or 
regulations.  If  such  powers  are  exercised,  the  possible  sanctions  that  may  be  imposed  include  the  suspension  of  individual 
employees, limitations on the activities in which the investment adviser may engage, suspension or revocation of the investment 
adviser’s  registration,  censure  and  fines.  Compliance  with  these  requirements  and  regulations  results  in  the  expenditure  of 
resources, and a failure to comply could result in investigations, financial or other sanctions, and reputational damage. 

The Investment Company Act and the rules promulgated thereunder provide certain protections to investors and impose certain 
restrictions on entities that are deemed “investment companies” under the Investment Company Act. We are not currently, nor do 
we intend to become, an investment company under the Investment Company Act. To ensure that we are not deemed to be an 
investment  company,  we  may  be  required  to  materially  restrict  or  limit  the  scope  of  our  operations  or  plans  and  the  types  of 
acquisitions that we may make, and we may need to modify our organizational structure or dispose of assets that we would not 
otherwise dispose of. If we were required to register as an investment company, we would face severe limitations on the operation 
of  our  business.  Among  other  things,  we  would  be  prohibited  from  engaging  in  certain  business  activities  (or  have  conditions 
placed on our business activities), face restrictions on engaging in transactions with affiliated entities and issuing certain securities 
or engaging in certain types of financings, be restricted with respect to the amount and types of borrowings we are permitted to 
obtain, be required to limit the amount of investments that we make as principal, and face other limitations on our activities.

We have and may become subject to additional regulatory and compliance requirements as we expand our product offerings and 
investment platform which likely will carry additional legal and compliance costs, as well as additional operating requirements 
that may also increase costs.

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Our  strategies  primarily  invest  in  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  business  services,  real  estate  and  industrial 
assets. In doing so, our managed assets are required to comply with extensive and complex municipal, state or provincial, national 
and  international  laws  and  regulations.  These  laws  and  regulations  can  result  in  uncertainty  and  delays  and  impose  additional 
costs, which may adversely affect our results of operations. Changes in these laws and regulations may negatively impact us and 
our managed assets or may benefit our competitors and their businesses.

Additionally, liability under such laws, rules and regulations may occur without our fault. In certain cases, parties can pursue legal 
actions against us to enforce compliance as well as seek damages for non-compliance or for personal injury or property damage. 
Our insurance may not provide sufficient coverage in the event that a successful claim is made against us.

Most of our funds rely on Rule 506 of Regulation D under the U.S. Securities Act to raise capital from investors. Rule 506 is not 
available to issuers deemed to be “bad actors” under Rule 506 if a covered person of the issuer has been the subject to certain 
criminal,  civil  or  regulatory  disqualifying  events.  Covered  persons  include,  among  others,  the  issuer,  executive  officer  or  other 
officer participating in the offering of the issuer, any general partner or managing member of the foregoing entities, any promoter 
of the issuer and any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the issuer’s outstanding voting equity securities. If one or more of our 
funds were to lose the ability to rely on the Rule 506 exemption because a covered person has been the subject of a disqualifying 
event, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Federal, state and foreign anti-bribery and corruption and trade sanctions laws and restrictions on foreign direct investment 
applicable to us and our managed assets create the potential for significant liabilities and penalties, the inability to complete 
transactions,  imposition  of  significant  costs  and  burdens,  and  reputational  harm  and  we  may  also  be  subject  to  various 
governmental investigations.

We are from time to time subject to various governmental investigations, audits and inquiries, both formal and informal. These 
investigations,  regardless  of  their  outcome,  can  be  costly,  divert  management  attention  and  damage  our  reputation.  The 
unfavorable resolution of such investigations could result in criminal liability, fines, penalties or other monetary or non-monetary 
sanctions and could materially affect our business or results of operations.

We are subject to a number of laws and regulations governing payments and contributions to public officials or other third parties 
both  domestically  and  in  respect  of  managed  assets  abroad,  including  the  U.S.  Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  of  1977  (the 
“FCPA”), various federal and state corruption laws, and similar laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such as the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, 
the  Canadian  Corruption  of  Foreign  Public  Officials  Act  (the  “CFPOA”),  the  Brazilian  Clean  Companies  Act,  the  Australian 
Criminal Code Act 1995, the Indian Prevention of Corruption Act, the Chinese Criminal Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition 
Law (China), and the Bermudian Bribery Act 2016. This global focus on anti-bribery and corruption enforcement may also lead to 
more investigations, both formal and informal, in this area, the results of which cannot be predicted.

Instances of bribery, fraud, accounting irregularities and other improper, illegal or corrupt practices can be difficult to detect, in 
particular  when  conducting  due  diligence  in  connection  with  acquisitions,  and  fraud  and  other  deceptive  practices  can  be 
widespread in certain jurisdictions. We invest in emerging market countries that may not have established stringent anti-bribery 
and corruption laws and regulations, where existing laws and regulations may not be consistently enforced, or that are perceived 
to  have  materially  higher  levels  of  corruption  according  to  international  rating  standards.  Due  diligence  on  investment 
opportunities in these jurisdictions is frequently more challenging because consistent and uniform commercial practices in such 
locations  may  not  have  developed  or  do  not  meet  international  standards.  Bribery,  fraud,  accounting  irregularities  and  corrupt 
practices  can  be  especially  difficult  to  detect  in  such  locations.  When  acquiring  assets  in  distress,  the  quality  of  financial 
information of the target may also make it difficult to identify irregularities.

The FCPA prohibits bribery of non-U.S. officials, candidates for office and political parties, and requires U.S. companies to keep 
books and records that accurately and fairly reflect those companies’ transactions. Similar laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such as 
the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 and the CFPOA, as well as other applicable anti-bribery and corruption or related laws in the United 
States and abroad, may also impose stricter or more onerous requirements than the FCPA, and implementing them may disrupt 
our  business  or  cause  us  to  incur  significantly  more  costs  to  comply  with  those  laws.  The  policies  and  procedures  we  have 
implemented to comply with anti-bribery and corruption legislation may be inadequate. If we fail to comply with such laws and 
regulations, we could be exposed to claims for damages, financial penalties, incarceration of our employees, reputational harm, 
restrictions on our operations and other liabilities, which could negatively affect our operating results and financial condition. In 
addition,  we  may  be  subject  to  successor  liability  for  violations  under  these  laws  and  regulations  or  other  acts  of  bribery 
committed by entities in which we or our managed assets invest.

We are also subject to laws and regulations governing trade and economic sanctions. The Office of Foreign Assets Control of the 
U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State administer and 

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enforce  various  trade  control  laws  and  regulations,  including  economic  and  trade  sanctions  based  on  U.S.  foreign  policy  and 
national  security  goals  against  targeted  foreign  states,  organizations  and  individuals.  These  laws  and  regulations  implicate  a 
number  of  aspects  of  our  business,  including  servicing  existing  fund  investors,  finding  new  fund  investors,  and  sourcing  new 
investments, as well as activities by our managed assets or other controlled investments. Some of these regulations provide that 
penalties  can  be  imposed  on  us  for  the  conduct  of  our  managed  assets,  even  if  we  have  not  ourselves  violated  any  regulation. 
Similar laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions, such as the Special Economic Measures Act (Canada), the United Nations Act (Canada) 
and  the  Justice  for  Victims  of  Corrupt  Foreign  Officials  Act  (Canada),  and  E.U.  sanctions,  may  also  impose  restrictions  or 
requirements on us or our managed assets. Applicable laws of various jurisdictions may contain conflicting provisions, making 
our  compliance  more  difficult.  For  example,  Canada  has  adopted  measures,  such  as  the  Canadian  Foreign  Extraterritorial 
Measures Act, that could restrict certain persons and entities subject to Canadian jurisdiction from complying with extra-territorial 
sanctions  imposed  by  other  jurisdictions,  such  as  the  U.S.  Beginning  in  February  2022,  the  United  States  and  other  countries 
began imposing meaningful sanctions targeting Russia as a result of actions taken by Russia in Ukraine. We and our managed 
assets are required to comply with these and potentially additional sanctions imposed by the United States and by other countries, 
for  which  the  full  costs,  burdens  and  limitations  on  our  business  and  prospects  are  currently  unknown  and  may  become 
significant. 

In addition, the U.S. and many non-U.S. countries that have laws designed to protect national security or to restrict foreign direct 
investment.  For  example,  under  the  United  States  Foreign  Investment  Risk  Review  Modernization  Act  (“FIRRMA”),  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Investment  in  the  United  States  (“CFIUS”)  has  the  authority  to  review,  block  or  impose  conditions  on 
investments by non-U.S. persons in U.S. companies or real assets deemed critical or sensitive to the United States. Many non-U.S. 
jurisdictions  have  similar  laws.  For  example,  the  E.U.  has  adopted  an  E.U.-wide  mechanism  to  screen  foreign  investment  on 
national  security  grounds  and  most  E.U.  member  states  now  have  a  foreign  investment  screening  mechanism  in  place  or  has 
initiated a consultative or legislative process expected to result in the adoption of a new mechanism or amendments to an existing 
mechanism, adopted a regulation aimed at regulation of foreign subsidies that could distort the internal E.U. market.

Under  these  laws,  governments  have  the  authority  to  impose  a  variety  of  actions,  including  requirements  for  the  advance 
screening  or  notification  of  certain  transactions,  blocking  or  imposing  conditions  on  certain  transactions,  limiting  the  size  of 
foreign equity investments or control by foreign investors, and restricting the employment of foreigners as key personnel. These 
actions could limit our ability to find suitable investments, cause delays in consummating transactions, result in the abandonment 
of transactions, and impose burdensome operational requirements on us or our managed assets. These laws could also negatively 
impact our fundraising and syndication activities by causing us to exclude or limit certain investors in our funds or co-investors 
for our transactions. Moreover, these laws may make it difficult for us to identify suitable buyers for our investments that we want 
to exit and could constrain the universe of exit opportunities generally. Complying with these laws imposes potentially significant 
costs  and  complex  additional  burdens,  and  any  failure  by  us  or  our  managed  assets  to  comply  with  them  could  expose  us  to 
significant penalties, sanctions, loss of future investment opportunities, additional regulatory scrutiny, and reputational harm.

Our  cash  flow,  all  of  which  will  come  from  our  asset  management  business,  must  be  available  to  meet  our  financial 
obligations when due and enable us to capitalize on investment opportunities when they arise.

We employ debt and other forms of leverage in the ordinary course of business to enhance returns. We are therefore subject to the 
risks  associated  with  debt  financing  (directly  and  indirectly  through  our  managed  assets)  and  refinancing,  including  but  not 
limited to the following: (i) our cash flow may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest; (ii) payments of 
principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to pay operating expenses and dividends; (iii) if 
we are unable to obtain committed debt financing for potential acquisitions or can only obtain debt at high interest rates or on 
other  unfavorable  terms,  we  may  have  difficulty  completing  acquisitions  or  may  generate  profits  that  are  lower  than  would 
otherwise be the case; (iv) we may not be able to refinance indebtedness at maturity due to company and market factors such as 
the estimated cash flow produced by our assets, the value of our assets, liquidity in the debt markets and/or financial, competitive, 
business and other factors; and (v) if we are able to refinance our indebtedness, the terms of a refinancing may not be as favorable 
as the original terms for such indebtedness. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, we may 
need  to  utilize  available  liquidity,  which  would  reduce  our  ability  to  pursue  new  investment  opportunities,  or  we  may  need  to 
dispose  of  one  or  more  of  our  or  our  managed  assets  on  disadvantageous  terms,  or  raise  equity,  thereby  causing  dilution  to 
existing shareholders. Regulatory changes or changes in economic or market conditions may also result in higher borrowing costs 
and reduced access to credit.

The terms of our various credit agreements and other financing documents may require us to comply with a number of customary 
financial  and  other  covenants,  such  as  maintaining  debt  service  coverage  and  leverage  ratios,  adequate  insurance  coverage  and 
certain credit ratings. These covenants may limit our flexibility in conducting our business and breaches of these covenants could 

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result in defaults under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness, even if we have satisfied and continue to satisfy 
our payment obligations.

A  large  proportion  of  our  managed  assets  include  physical  assets  and  securities  that  can  be  hard  to  sell,  especially  if  market 
conditions are poor. Further, because our investment strategy can entail our having representation on public company boards, we 
may be restricted in our ability to effect sales during certain time periods. A lack of liquidity could limit our ability to vary our 
managed  assets  promptly  in  response  to  changing  economic  or  investment  conditions.  Additionally,  if  financial  or  operating 
difficulties  of  other  owners  result  in  distress  sales,  such  sales  could  depress  asset  values  in  the  markets  in  which  we  manage 
assets. The restrictions inherent in managing physical assets could reduce our ability to respond to changes in market conditions 
and could adversely affect the performance of investments across our fund strategies, our financial condition and our results of 
operations.

Because there is significant uncertainty in the valuation of, or in the stability of the value of illiquid or non-public investments, the 
fair values of such investments do not necessarily reflect the prices that would actually be obtained when such investments are 
realized.  Realizations  at  values  significantly  lower  than  the  values  at  which  investments  have  been  recorded  would  result  in 
losses, a decline in asset management fees and the potential loss of carried interest and incentive fees.

Additionally, from time to time, we may guarantee the obligations of other entities that we manage. If we are required to fund 
these commitments and are unable to do so, this could result in damages being pursued against us or a loss of opportunity through 
default under contracts that are otherwise to our benefit.

We may be exposed to risks associated with acquisitions.

A  part  of  the  Manager’s  growth  strategy  involves  seeking  acquisition  opportunities.  We  will  face  competition  for  acquisitions, 
including from our competitors, many of whom will have greater financial resources than us. There can be no assurance that we 
will identify and successfully complete acquisitions that will advance our growth strategy, or at all. Though we are not currently 
pursuing  any  strategic  acquisitions,  future  acquisitions  will  likely  involve  some  or  all  of  the  following  risks,  which  could 
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations: the difficulty of integrating the acquired 
operations  and  personnel  into  our  current  operations;  potential  disruption  of  our  current  operations;  diversion  of  resources, 
including our management’s time and attention; the difficulty of managing the growth of a larger organization; the risk of entering 
markets in which we have little experience; the risk of becoming involved in labor, commercial or regulatory disputes or litigation 
related to the new enterprise; the risk of environmental or other liabilities associated with the acquired business; and the risk of a 
change of control resulting from an acquisition triggering rights of third parties or government agencies under contracts with, or 
authorizations held by, the managed assets being acquired. It is possible that due diligence investigations into businesses being 
acquired may fail to uncover all material risks, or to identify a change of control trigger in a material contract or authorization, or 
that a contractual counterparty or government agency may take a different view on the interpretation of such a provision to that 
taken by us, thereby resulting in a dispute.

Foreign exchange rate fluctuations could adversely impact our aggregate foreign currency exposure and hedging strategies 
may not be effective.

We  have  pursued  and  intend  to  continue  to  pursue  growth  opportunities  in  international  markets,  and  often  deploy  capital  in 
countries  where  the  U.S.  dollar  is  not  the  local  currency.  As  a  result,  we  are  subject  to  foreign  currency  risk  due  to  potential 
fluctuations  in  exchange  rates  between  foreign  currencies  and  the  U.S.  dollar.  A  significant  depreciation  in  the  value  of  the 
currency utilized in one or more countries where we have a significant presence may have a material adverse effect on the results 
of our operations and financial position. In addition, we are active in certain markets where economic growth is dependent on the 
price of commodities and the currencies in these markets can be more volatile as a result.

Our  business  and  our  managed  assets  are  impacted  by  changes  in  currency  rates,  interest  rates,  commodity  prices  and  other 
financial  exposures.  We  selectively  utilize  financial  instruments  to  manage  these  exposures,  including  credit  default  swaps  and 
other derivatives to hedge certain of our financial positions. However, a significant portion of these risks may remain unhedged. 
We may also choose to establish unhedged positions in the ordinary course of business.

There is no assurance that hedging strategies, to the extent they are used, will fully mitigate the risks they are intended to offset. 
Additionally, derivatives that we use are also subject to their own unique set of risks, including counterparty risk with respect to 
the financial well-being of the party on the other side of these transactions and a potential requirement to fund mark-to-market 
adjustments. Our financial risk management policies may not ultimately be effective at managing these risks.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and similar laws in other jurisdictions impose rules 
and regulations governing oversight of the over-the-counter derivatives market and its participants. These regulations may impose 

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additional  costs  and  regulatory  scrutiny  on  us.  If  our  derivative  transactions  are  required  to  be  executed  through  exchanges  or 
regulated facilities, we will face incremental collateral requirements in the form of initial margin and require variation margin to 
be cash settled on a daily basis. Such an increase in margin requirements (relative to bilateral agreements) or a more restricted list 
of securities that qualify as eligible collateral, would require us to hold larger positions in cash and treasuries, which could reduce 
income.  We  cannot  predict  the  effect  of  changing  derivatives  legislation  on  our  hedging  costs,  our  hedging  strategy  or  its 
implementation,  or  the  risks  that  we  hedge.  Regulation  of  derivatives  may  increase  the  cost  of  derivative  contracts,  reduce  the 
availability of derivatives to protect against operational risk and reduce the liquidity of the derivatives market, all of which may 
reduce our use of derivatives and result in the increased volatility and decreased predictability of our cash flows.

We  may  be  required  to  make  temporary  investments  and  backstop  commitments  with  respect  to  our  business  and  managed 
assets and may be unable to syndicate, assign or transfer such investments and commitments.

We periodically may be asked to enter into agreements that commit us to acquire or stand in place of another entity to acquire 
assets or securities in order to support our managed assets with the expectation that our commitment is temporary. For example, 
we  may  acquire  an  asset  suitable  for  a  particular  managed  business  that  is  fundraising  and  warehouse  that  asset  through  the 
fundraising period before transferring the asset to the managed business for which it was intended. As another example, our asset 
management business may commit capital for a particular acquisition transaction as part of a consortium alongside certain of our 
managed assets with the expectation that we will syndicate or assign all or a portion of our own commitment to investors prior to, 
at the same time as, or subsequent to, the anticipated closing of the transaction. In all of these cases, our support is intended to be 
of  a  temporary  nature  and  we  engage  in  this  activity  in  order  to  further  the  growth  and  development  of  our  asset  management 
business.

Even  if  our  asset  management  business’  direct  participation  is  intended  to  be  of  a  temporary  nature,  our  asset  management 
business may be unable to syndicate, assign or transfer its interest or commitment as our asset management business intended and 
therefore  may  be  required  to  take  or  keep  ownership  of  assets  or  securities  for  an  extended  period.  This  would  increase  the 
amount of our asset management business’ own capital deployed to certain assets and could have an adverse impact on our asset 
management business’ liquidity, which may negatively impact its ability to meet other financial commitments.

Rising interest rates could increase our interest costs and adversely affect our financial performance.

Many long-life assets are interest rate sensitive. Increases in interest rates will, other things being equal, decrease the value of an 
asset by reducing the present value of the cash flows expected to be produced by such asset. As the present value of an income-
producing asset may decline as a result of interest rate increases, certain financial and other covenants under credit agreements 
governing  such  asset  could  be  breached,  even  if  we  have  satisfied  and  continue  to  satisfy  our  payment  obligations  thereunder. 
Such a breach could result in negative consequences on our financial performance and results of operations.

Additionally, any of our debt or preferred shares that are subject to variable interest rates, either as an obligation with a variable 
interest rate or as an obligation with a fixed interest rate that resets into a variable interest rate in the future, are subject to interest 
rate risk. Further, the value of any debt or preferred share that is subject to a fixed interest rate will be determined based on the 
prevailing interest rates and, accordingly, this type of debt or preferred share is also subject to interest rate risk.

In many jurisdictions in which we operate, a period of sharply increasing interest rates may cause certain market dislocations that 
could  negatively  impact  our  financial  performance,  increase  the  cost  and  impact  the  availability  of  debt  financing  and  thereby 
negatively  impact  the  ability  of  our  managed  assets  to  obtain  attractive  financing  or  refinancing  and  could  increase  the  cost  of 
such financing if obtained. Many factors may impact us and our managed assets, including interest rate increases, which would 
impact the amount of revenue generated by our managed assets and may lead to an increase in the amount of cash required to 
service our obligations.

Our revenues may be adversely affected by a decline in the size or pace of investments made by our managed assets.

The revenues that we earn are driven in part by the pace at which our funds make investments and the size of those investments, 
and  a  decline  in  the  pace  or  the  size  of  such  investments  may  reduce  our  revenues.  In  particular,  in  recent  years  we  have 
meaningfully increased the number of perpetual strategies we offer and the assets under management in such strategies. The fees 
we  earn  from  our  perpetual  capital  strategies  represent  a  significant  and  growing  portion  of  our  overall  revenues.  If  our  funds, 
including  our  perpetual  capital  strategies,  are  unable  to  deploy  capital  at  a  sufficient  pace,  our  revenues  would  be  adversely 
impacted. Many factors could cause a decline in the pace of investment, including a market environment characterized by relative 
high  prices,  the  inability  of  our  investment  professionals  to  identify  attractive  investment  opportunities,  competition  for  such 
opportunities  among  other  potential  acquirers,  decreased  availability  of  capital  on  attractive  terms.  Further,  we  may  fail  to 
consummate identified investment opportunities because of business, regulatory or legal complexities or uncertainty and adverse 

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developments in the markets in which we operate, financial markets or geopolitical conditions, and our ability to deploy capital in 
certain countries may be adversely impacted by government policy changes and regulations.

Our revenue, earnings, net income and cash flow can materially vary from quarter to quarter, which may affect our earnings 
growth and dividend on a quarterly basis and can affect the trading price of the Class A Shares.

Our  revenue,  net  income  and  cash  flow,  substantially  all  of  which  is  derived  from  our  asset  management  business,  can  vary 
materially  due  to  our  reliance  on  incentive  distributions  and  performance-based  returns,  such  as  carried  interest.  We  may 
experience  fluctuations  in  our  results,  including  our  revenue  and  net  income,  from  quarter  to  quarter  due  to  a  number  of  other 
factors,  including  timing  of  realizations,  changes  in  the  valuations  of  our  funds’  investments,  changes  in  the  amount  of 
distributions,  dividends  or  interest  paid  in  respect  of  investments,  changes  in  our  operating  expenses,  the  degree  to  which  we 
encounter competition and general economic and market conditions. Achieving steady growth in net income and cash flow on a 
quarterly basis may be difficult, which could in turn cause our dividend and our ability to pay dividends to fluctuate and lead to 
large adverse movements or general increased volatility in the price of the Class A Shares. We also do not provide any guidance 
regarding our expected quarterly and annual operating results. The lack of guidance may affect the expectations of public market 
analysts and could cause increased volatility in the Class A Shares.

Our  cash  flow  may  fluctuate  significantly  due  to  the  fact  that  we  receive  carried  interest  from  certain  of  our  funds  only  when 
investments  are  realized  and  achieve  a  certain  preferred  return.  The  payment  of  performance-based  returns,  including  carried 
interest,  depends  on  the  applicable  funds’  performance  and  opportunities  for  realizing  gains,  which  may  be  limited.  It  takes  a 
substantial period of time to identify attractive investment opportunities, to raise all the funds needed to make an investment and 
then to realize the cash value (or other proceeds) of an investment through a sale, public offering, recapitalization or other exit. 
Even if an investment proves to be profitable, it may be a number of years before any profits can be realized in cash (or other 
proceeds). We cannot predict when, or if, any realization of investments will occur.

The  mark-to-market  valuations  of  investments  made  by  our  funds  are  subject  to  volatility  driven  by  economic  and  market 
conditions. Economic and market conditions may also negatively impact our realization opportunities.

The  valuations  of  and  realization  opportunities  for  investments  made  by  our  funds  could  also  be  subject  to  high  volatility  as  a 
result  of  uncertainty  regarding  governmental  policy  with  respect  to,  among  other  things,  tax,  financial  services  regulation, 
international trade, immigration, healthcare, labor, infrastructure and energy.

In addition, upon the realization of a profitable investment by any of our funds featuring performance-based returns and prior to 
our receiving any carried interest in respect of that investment, 100% of the proceeds of that investment must generally be paid to 
the  investors  in  such  fund  until  they  have  recovered  certain  fees  and  expenses  and  achieved  a  certain  return  on  all  realized 
investments  by  that  fund  as  well  as  a  recovery  of  any  unrealized  losses.  A  particular  realization  event  may  have  a  significant 
impact  on  our  results  for  that  particular  quarter  that  may  not  be  replicated  in  subsequent  quarters.  We  recognize  revenue  on 
investments in our funds based on our allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or losses) reported by such funds, and a 
decline  in  realized  or  unrealized  gains,  or  an  increase  in  realized  or  unrealized  losses,  would  adversely  affect  our  revenue  and 
possibly cash flow, which could further increase the volatility of our quarterly results. Because our funds have preferred return 
thresholds  to  investors  that  need  to  be  met  prior  to  our  receiving  any  carried  interest  or  other  performance-based  returns, 
substantial  declines  in  the  carrying  value  of  the  investment  portfolios  of  such  funds  can  significantly  delay  or  eliminate  any 
performance-based returns paid to us in respect of that fund since the value of the assets in the fund would need to recover to their 
aggregate cost basis plus the preferred return over time before we would be entitled to receive any performance-based returns, 
including carried interest, from that fund.

The  timing  and  receipt  of  performance-based  returns  also  varies  with  the  life  cycle  of  our  funds.  During  periods  in  which  a 
relatively large portion of our assets under management is attributable to funds and investments in their “harvesting” period, our 
funds  would  make  larger  distributions  than  in  the  fundraising  or  investment  periods  that  precede  harvesting.  During  periods  in 
which a significant portion of our assets under management is attributable to funds that are not in their harvesting periods, we may 
receive substantially lower performance-based returns, including carried interest.

The  varying  frequency  of  payments  of  our  different  funds  and  strategies  will  contribute  to  the  volatility  of  our  cash  flow. 
Furthermore, we earn this incentive income only if the net asset value of a vehicle has increased or, in the case of certain vehicles, 
increased beyond a particular return threshold, or if the vehicle has earned a net profit. Certain of these vehicles also have “high 
water marks” whereby we do not earn incentive income during a particular period even though the vehicle had positive returns in 
such period as a result of losses in prior periods. If one of these vehicles experiences losses, we will not earn incentive income 
from it until it surpasses the previous high water mark. The incentive income we earn is therefore dependent on the net asset value 
or the net profit of the vehicle, which could lead to significant volatility in our results.

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Our access to retail investors and selling retail directed products in numerous jurisdictions opens us up to potential litigation 
and regulatory enforcement risks.

In  2021,  we  created  a  business  group  in  partnership  with  Oaktree  to  serve  the  global  wealth  management  channel,  delivering 
access to Brookfield and Oaktree’s private and public funds. Our goal is to increase the number and type of investment products 
we offer to high-net-worth individuals and mass affluent investors in the U.S. and other jurisdictions around the world. In some 
cases,  our  unregistered  funds  are  distributed  to  retail  investors  indirectly  through  third-party  managed  vehicles  sponsored  by 
brokerage firms, private banks or third-party feeder providers, and in other cases directly to the qualified clients of private banks, 
independent  investment  advisors  and  brokers.  In  other  cases,  we  create  investment  products  specifically  designed  for  direct 
investment  by  retail  investors  in  the  U.S.,  some  of  whom  are  not  accredited  investors,  or  similar  investors  in  non-U.S. 
jurisdictions, including in Europe. Such investment products are regulated by the SEC in the U.S. and by other similar regulatory 
bodies in other jurisdictions.

Accessing retail investors and selling retail directed products expose us to new and greater levels of risk, including heightened 
litigation  and  regulatory  enforcement  risks.  To  the  extent  distribution  of  retail  products  is  through  new  channels,  including 
through  an  increasing  number  of  distributors  with  whom  we  engage,  we  may  not  be  able  to  effectively  monitor  or  control  the 
manner of their distribution, which could result in litigation or regulatory action against us, including with respect to, among other 
things, claims that products distributed through such channels are distributed to customers for whom they are unsuitable or that 
they  are  distributed  in  an  otherwise  inappropriate  manner.  Although  we  seek  to  ensure  through  due  diligence  and  onboarding 
procedures  that  the  third-party  channels  through  which  retail  investors  access  our  investment  products  conduct  themselves 
responsibly, we are exposed to the risks of reputational damage and legal liability to the extent such third parties improperly sell 
our  products  to  investors.  This  risk  is  heightened  by  the  continuing  increase  in  the  number  of  third  parties  through  whom  we 
distribute our investment products around the world and who we do not control. For example, in certain cases, we may be viewed 
by a regulator as responsible for the content of materials prepared by third-party distributors.

Similarly, there is a risk that employees involved in the direct distribution of our products, or employees who oversee independent 
advisors,  brokerage  firms  and  other  third  parties  around  the  world  involved  in  distributing  our  products,  do  not  follow  our 
compliance and supervisory procedures. In addition, the distribution of retail products, including through new channels whether 
directly or through market intermediaries, could expose us to allegations of improper conduct and/or actions by state and federal 
regulators in the U.S. and regulators in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. with respect to, among other things, product suitability, 
investor classification, compliance with securities laws, conflicts of interest and the adequacy of disclosure to customers to whom 
our products are distributed through those channels.

As we expand the distribution of products to retail investors outside of the U.S., we are increasingly exposed to risks in non-U.S. 
jurisdictions.  While  these  risks  are  similar  to  those  that  we  face  in  the  distribution  of  products  to  retail  investors  in  the  U.S., 
securities  laws  and  other  applicable  regulatory  regimes  in  many  jurisdictions,  including  the  U.K.  and  the  European  Economic 
Area,  are  extensive,  complex,  and  vary  by  local  jurisdiction.  As  a  result,  this  expansion  subjects  us  to  additional  litigation  and 
regulatory risk.

In addition, our initiatives to expand our retail investor base, including outside of the U.S., require the investment of significant 
time,  effort  and  resources,  including  the  potential  hiring  of  additional  personnel,  the  implementation  of  new  operational, 
compliance and other systems and processes and the development or implementation of new technology. There is no assurance 
that our efforts to grow our retail assets under management will be successful.

Ineffective maintenance of our culture or ineffective management of human capital could adversely impact our business and 
financial performance.

Our ability to compete effectively in our business will depend upon our ability to attract new employees and retain and motivate 
our  existing  employees.  Our  senior  management  team  has  a  significant  role  in  our  success  and  oversees  the  execution  of  our 
investment strategies. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, our ability to compete successfully and achieve 
our  business  objectives  could  be  limited,  and  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  could  be  negatively 
impacted.

Our ability to retain and motivate our management team, attract suitable replacements should any members of our management 
team leave, or attract new investment professionals as our business grows, is dependent on, among other things, the competitive 
nature of the employment market and the career opportunities and compensation that we can offer. In all of our markets, we face 
intense competition in connection with the attraction and retention of qualified employees.

We may experience departures of key professionals in the future. We cannot predict the impact that any such departures will have 
on  our  ability  to  achieve  our  objectives.  Our  senior  management  team  possesses  substantial  experience  and  expertise  and  has 

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strong business relationships with investors in our managed assets and other members of the business communities and industries 
in  which  we  operate.  As  a  result,  the  loss  of  these  personnel  could  jeopardize  our  relationships  with  investors  in  our  managed 
assets and other members of the business communities and industries in which we operate and result in the reduction of our assets 
under management or fewer investment opportunities. Accordingly, the loss of services from key professionals or a limitation in 
their  availability  could  adversely  impact  our  financial  condition  and  cash  flow.  Furthermore,  such  a  loss  could  be  negatively 
perceived in the capital markets.

Additionally, the departure of certain individuals could trigger certain “key person” provisions in the documentation governing 
certain of our private funds, which would permit the limited partners of those funds to suspend or terminate the funds’ investment 
periods or withdraw their capital prior to the expiration of the applicable lock-up date. Our key person provisions vary by both 
strategy  and  fund  and,  with  respect  to  each  strategy  and  fund,  are  typically  tied  to  multiple  individuals,  meaning  that  it  would 
require  the  departure  of  more  than  one  individual  to  trigger  the  key  person  provisions.  Our  human  capital  risks  may  be 
exacerbated by the fact that we do not maintain any key person insurance.

The  conduct  of  our  business  and  the  execution  of  our  strategy  rely  heavily  on  teamwork.  Our  continued  ability  to  respond 
promptly to opportunities and challenges as they arise depends on co-operation and co-ordination across our organization and our 
team-oriented management structure, which may not materialize in the way we expect.

A  portion  of  the  workforce  in  some  of  our  managed  assets  is  unionized.  If  we  are  unable  to  negotiate  acceptable  collective 
bargaining agreements with any of our unions as existing agreements expire, we could experience a work stoppage, which could 
result in a significant disruption to the affected operations, higher ongoing labor costs and restrictions on our ability to maximize 
the efficiency of our operations, all of which could have an adverse effect on our financial results.

Political  instability,  changes  in  government  policy  or  unfamiliar  cultural  factors  could  adversely  impact  the  value  of  our 
investments.

We are subject to geopolitical uncertainties in all jurisdictions in which we operate. We make investments in businesses that are 
based outside of North America and we may pursue investments in unfamiliar markets, which may expose us to additional risks 
not typically associated with investing in North America. We may not properly adjust to the local culture and business practices in 
such markets, and there is the prospect that we may hire personnel or partner with local persons who might not comply with our 
culture and ethical business practices; either scenario could result in the failure of our initiatives in new or existing markets and 
lead to financial losses for us and our managed assets. There are risks of political instability in several of our major markets and in 
other parts of the world in which we conduct business from factors such as political conflict, tariffs and other protectionist trade 
policies,  including  the  encouragement  of  the  onshoring  of  manufacturing  in  the  U.S.  and  other  countries,  income  inequality, 
refugee  migration,  terrorism,  armed  conflict,  the  potential  break-up  of  countries  or  political-economic  unions  and  political 
corruption; the materialization of one or more of these risks could negatively affect our financial performance.

For example, recent and ongoing conflict in the Middle East and Eastern Europe have contributed to global economic uncertainty, 
resulted in volatility in fuel prices, amplified existing supply chain challenges caused by increases in shipping costs (including as 
a result of conflicts and other attacks in or near shipping channels) and heightened cybersecurity disruptions and threats. Further 
economic  and  political  instability  and  the  escalation  or  expansion  of  armed  conflict  in  Eastern  Europe,  the  Middle  East,  or 
elsewhere in the world could significantly disrupt the free movement of goods, services and people, have a destabilizing effect on 
energy  markets  and  result  in  potential  higher  costs  of  conducting  business.  Similarly,  an  inability  of  local  and  national 
governments  to  effectively  manage  ongoing  political  disputes  could  result  in  local,  regional  and/or  global  instability.  The 
materialization of one or more of these risks could negatively affect our financial performance and adversely impact our business.

Any existing or new operations may be subject to significant political, economic and financial risks, which vary by country, and 
may  include:  (i)  changes  in  government  policies  and  regulations,  including  protectionist  policies,  or  personnel;  (ii)  changes  in 
general economic or social conditions; (iii) restrictions on currency transfer or convertibility; (iv) changes in labor relations; (v) 
military  conflict,  political  instability  and  civil  unrest;  (vi)  less  developed  or  efficient  financial  markets  than  in  North  America; 
(vii) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements; (viii) 
less  government  supervision  and  regulation;  (ix)  a  less  developed  legal  or  regulatory  environment;  (x)  heightened  exposure  to 
corruption risk; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign investors; (xii) less publicly available information in respect of 
companies in non-North American markets; (xiii) adversely higher or lower rates of inflation; (xiv) higher transaction costs; (xv) 
difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations and expropriation or confiscation of assets; and (xvi) fewer investor protections.

Unforeseen political events in markets where we have significant investors and/or where we have managed assets or may look to 
for further growth of our assets and businesses, such as the U.S., Canadian, Brazilian, Australian, European, Middle Eastern and 
Asian markets, may create economic uncertainty that has a negative impact on our financial performance. Such uncertainty could 

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cause disruptions to our businesses, including affecting our managed assets and/or our relationships with our investors, customers 
and suppliers, as well as altering the relationship among tariffs and currencies, including the value of foreign currencies relative to 
the U.S. dollar. Disruptions and uncertainties could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In 
addition,  political  outcomes  in  the  markets  in  which  we  operate  may  also  result  in  legal  uncertainty  and  potentially  divergent 
national laws and regulations, which can contribute to general economic uncertainty. Economic uncertainty impacting us and our 
managed assets could be exacerbated by supply chain disruptions, trade policy and geopolitical tensions.

Unfavorable  economic  conditions  or  changes  in  the  industries  in  which  we  operate  could  adversely  impact  our  financial 
performance.

We are exposed to local, regional, national and international economic conditions and other events and occurrences beyond our 
control, including, but not limited to, the following: short-term and long-term interest rates; inflation; credit and capital market 
volatility;  business  investment  levels;  government  spending  levels;  sovereign  debt  risks;  consumer  spending  levels;  changes  in 
laws,  rules  or  regulations;  trade  barriers;  supply  chain  disruptions;  commodity  prices;  currency  exchange  rates  and  controls; 
national  and  international  political  circumstances  (including  wars,  terrorist  acts  or  security  operations);  catastrophic  events 
(including  pandemics/epidemics,  earthquakes,  tornadoes  or  floods);  the  rate  and  direction  of  economic  growth;  and  general 
economic uncertainty. On a global basis, certain industries and sectors have created capacity that anticipated higher growth, which 
has  caused  volatility  across  all  markets,  including  commodity  markets,  which  may  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  financial 
performance. Unfavorable economic conditions could affect the jurisdictions in which our entities are formed and where we and 
our managed assets operate businesses, and may cause a reduction in: (i) securities prices; (ii) the liquidity of investments made 
by our managed assets; (iii) the value or performance of the investments made by our managed assets; and (iv) the ability of us 
and our managed assets to raise or deploy capital, each of which could adversely impact our financial condition.

In general, a decline in economic conditions, either in the markets or industries in which our strategies invest, or both, will result 
in downward pressure on our operating margins and asset values as a result of lower demand and increased price competition for 
the services and products that we provide. In particular, given the importance of the U.S. to our operations, an economic downturn 
in this market could have a significant adverse effect on our operating margins and asset values.

Many  of  our  private  funds  have  a  finite  life  that  may  require  us  to  exit  an  investment  made  in  a  fund  at  an  inopportune  time. 
Volatility in the exit markets for these investments, increasing levels of capital required to finance companies to exit and rising 
enterprise value thresholds to go public or complete a strategic sale can all contribute to the risk that we will not be able to exit a 
private fund investment successfully. We cannot always control the timing of our private fund investment exits or our realizations 
upon  exit.  See  “—Actions  or  conduct  that  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  investors’  or  stakeholders’  perception  of  us  could 
adversely  impact  our  ability  to  attract  and/or  retain  investor  capital  and  generate  fee  revenue”.  If  global  economic  conditions 
deteriorate, our investment performance could suffer, resulting in, for example, the payment of less or no carried interest to us. 
The payment of less or no carried interest to us could cause our cash flow from operations to decrease, which could materially 
adversely affect our liquidity position and the amount of cash we have on hand to conduct our operations. A reduction in our cash 
flow from our Fee-Bearing Capital strategies and products could, in turn, require us to rely on other sources of cash such as the 
capital markets, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or debt and other forms of leverage.

In  addition,  in  an  economic  downturn,  there  is  an  increased  risk  of  default  by  counterparties  to  our  investments  and  other 
transactions. In these circumstances, it is more likely that such transactions will fail or perform poorly, which may in turn have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.

Inflationary pressures could adversely impact our businesses.

Our managed assets are impacted by heightened inflationary pressures. High inflation continued to drive tightening in monetary 
policies by major central banks in 2023, posing risks to economic growth ahead. Central banks in various countries may continue 
to raise interest rates in response to concerns about inflation, which, coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in 
financial  markets,  may  have  the  effect  of  further  increasing  economic  uncertainty  and  heightening  these  risks.  Interest  rate 
increases or other government actions taken to reduce inflation could also result in recessionary pressures in many parts of the 
world. Interest rate risk poses a significant market risk to us as a result of interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities held by us 
and  our  managed  assets.  Higher  interest  rates  or  elevated  interest  rates  for  a  sustained  period  could  also  result  in  an  economic 
slowdown. Economic contraction or further deceleration in the rate of growth in certain industries, sectors or geographies may 
contribute  to  poor  financial  results  at  our  managed  assets.  A  significant  portion  of  the  upward  pressure  on  prices  has  been 
attributed to the rising costs of labor, energy, food, motor vehicles and housing and continuing global supply-chain disruptions. 
Inflation  increases  may  or  may  not  be  transitory  and  future  inflation  may  be  impacted  by  labor  market  constraints  reducing, 
supply-chain disruptions easing and commodity prices moderating. While regulated and contractual arrangements in our managed 
assets can provide significant protection against inflationary pressures, any sustained upward trajectory in the inflation rate may 

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still  have  an  impact  on  our  managed  assets  and  our  investors,  and  could  impact  our  ability  to  source  suitable  investment 
opportunities,  match  or  exceed  prior  investment  strategy  performance  and  secure  attractive  debt  financing,  all  of  which  could 
adversely impact our managed assets and our growth and capital recycling initiatives.

Catastrophic  events  (or  combination  of  events),  such  as  earthquakes,  tornadoes,  floods,  wildfires,  pandemics/epidemics, 
climate change, military conflict/war or terrorism/sabotage, could adversely impact our financial performance.

Our managed assets could be exposed to effects of catastrophic events, such as severe weather conditions, natural disasters, major 
accidents,  pandemics/epidemics,  acts  of  malicious  destruction,  climate  change,  war/military  conflict  or  terrorism,  which  could 
materially adversely impact our operations.

A local, regional, national or international outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19, which spreads across the globe at 
a  rapid  pace  impacting  global  commercial  activity  and  travel,  or  future  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or  pandemics,  could 
materially  and  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  due  to  disruptions  to  commerce,  reduced 
economic activity and other unforeseen consequences that are beyond our control.

Natural disasters and ongoing changes to the physical climate in which we and our managed assets operate may have an adverse 
impact on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Changes in weather patterns or extreme weather 
(such as floods, wildfires, droughts, hurricanes and other storms) may negatively affect our managed assets’ operations or damage 
assets that we may own or develop. Further, rising sea levels could, in the future, affect the value of any low-lying coastal real 
assets  that  we  may  manage.  Climate  change  may  increase  the  frequency  and  severity  of  severe  weather  conditions  and  may 
change existing weather patterns in ways that are difficult to anticipate. Responses to these changes could result in higher costs, 
such as the imposition of new property taxes and increases in insurance rates or additional capital expenditures.

Our managed assets forming part of our commercial office strategy are concentrated in large metropolitan areas, some of which 
have been or may be perceived to be threatened by terrorist attacks or acts of war. Furthermore, many of such properties consist of 
high rise buildings that may also be subject to this actual or perceived threat. The perceived threat of a terrorist attack or outbreak 
of  war  could  negatively  impact  our  ability  to  lease  office  space  in  our  managed  real  estate  portfolio.  Renewable  power  and 
infrastructure  assets  that  we  manage,  such  as  roads,  railways,  power  generation  facilities  and  ports,  may  also  be  targeted  by 
terrorist organizations or in acts of war. Any damage or business interruption costs as a result of uninsured or underinsured acts of 
terrorism  or  war  could  result  in  a  material  cost  to  us  and  could  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition  or  results  of 
operation. Adequate terrorism insurance may not be available at rates we believe to be reasonable in the future. These risks could 
be heightened by foreign policy decisions of the U.S. (where we have significant operations) and other influential countries or 
general geopolitical conditions.

Additionally, our managed assets rely on free movement of goods, services and capital from around the globe. Any slowdown in 
international  investment,  business  or  trade  as  a  result  of  catastrophic  events  could  also  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Ineffective management of environmental and sustainability issues, including climate change, and inadequate or ineffective 
health and safety programs could damage our reputation, adversely impact our financial performance and lead to regulatory 
action.

There is increasing stakeholder interest in sustainability considerations and how they are managed. Sustainability considerations 
include  climate  change,  human  capital  and  labor  management,  corporate  governance,  diversity  and  privacy  and  data  security, 
among others. Increasingly, investors and lenders are incorporating sustainability considerations into their investment or lending 
process,  respectively,  alongside  traditional  financial  considerations.  Investors  or  potential  investors  may  not  invest  in  all  our 
products given certain industries in which we operate. If we are unable to successfully integrate sustainability considerations into 
our practices, we may incur a higher cost of capital, lower interest in our debt securities and/or equity securities or otherwise face 
a negative impact on our business, operating results and cash flows and result in reputational damage.

Certain of our managed assets may be subject to compliance with laws, regulations, regulatory rules and/or guidance relating to 
sustainability,  and  any  failure  to  comply  with  these  laws,  regulations,  regulatory  rules  or  guidance  could  expose  us  to  material 
adverse  consequences,  including  loss,  limitations  on  our  ability  to  undertake  licensable  business,  legal  liabilities,  financial  and 
non-financial  sanctions  and  penalties,  and/or  reputational  damage.  New  sustainability  requirements  imposed  by  jurisdictions  in 
which  we  do  business,  such  as  the  E.U.  Sustainable  Finance  Disclosure  Regulation  (2019/2088),  could  (a)  result  in  additional 
compliance costs, disclosure obligations or other implications or restrictions; and/or (b) impact our established business practices, 
cost base and, by extension, our profitability.

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Sustainability-related requirements and market practices differ by region, industry and issue and are evolving dynamically, and 
the  sustainability  requirements  applicable  to  us,  our  managed  assets  or  our  assessment  of  such  requirements  or  practices  may 
change  over  time.  Under  emerging  sustainability  requirements,  we  may  be  required  to  classify  our  businesses  against,  or 
determine  the  alignment  of  underlying  investments  under,  Sustainability-related  legislative  and  regulatory  criteria  and 
taxonomies, some of which can be open to subjective interpretation. Our view on the appropriate classifications may develop over 
time, including in response to statutory or regulatory guidance or changes in industry approach to classification. A change to the 
relevant classification may require further actions to be taken, for example it may require further disclosures, or it may require 
new  processes  to  be  set  up  to  capture  data,  which  may  lead  to  additional  cost,  disclosure  obligations  or  other  implications  or 
restrictions.

The  transition  to  a  lower-carbon  economy  has  the  potential  to  be  disruptive  to  traditional  business  models  and  investment 
strategies. Efforts to limit global warming may give rise to changes in regulations, reporting and consumer sentiment that could 
have a negative impact on our existing operations by increasing the costs of operating our business or reducing demand for our 
products  and  services.  The  adverse  effects  of  climate  change  and  related  regulation  at  state,  provincial,  federal  or  international 
levels could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The ownership and operation of some of our managed assets carry varying degrees of inherent risk or liability related to worker 
health  and  safety  and  the  environment,  including  the  risk  of  government-imposed  orders  to  remedy  unsafe  conditions  and 
contaminated lands and potential civil liability. Compliance with health, safety and environmental standards and the requirements 
set out in the relevant licenses, permits and other approvals obtained by the managed assets is crucial.

Our  managed  assets  have  incurred  and  will  continue  to  incur  significant  capital  and  operating  expenditures  to  comply  with 
sustainability  requirements,  including  health  and  safety  standards,  to  obtain  and  comply  with  licenses,  permits  and  other 
approvals,  and  to  assess  and  manage  potential  liability  exposure.  Nevertheless,  they  may  be  unsuccessful  in  obtaining  or 
maintaining an important license, permit or other approval or become subject to government orders, investigations, inquiries or 
other proceedings (including civil claims) relating to health, safety and environmental matters, any of which could have a material 
adverse effect on us.

Health, safety and environmental laws and regulations can change rapidly and significantly, and we and/or our managed assets 
may  become  subject  to  more  stringent  laws  and  regulations  in  the  future.  The  occurrence  of  any  adverse  health,  safety  or 
environmental event, or any changes, additions to, or more rigorous enforcement of, health, safety and environmental standards, 
licenses, permits or other approvals could have a significant impact on operations and/or result in material expenditures.

Owners and operators of real assets may become liable for the costs of removal and remediation of certain hazardous substances 
released  or  deposited  on  or  in  their  properties,  or  at  other  locations  regardless  of  whether  the  owner  and  operator  caused  the 
release or deposit of such hazardous materials. These costs could be significant and could reduce cash available for our managed 
assets. The failure to remove or remediate such substances, if any, could adversely affect our ability to sell our assets or to borrow 
using these assets as collateral, and could potentially result in claims or other proceedings.

Certain of our managed assets are involved in using, handling or transporting substances that are toxic, combustible or otherwise 
hazardous  to  the  environment  and  may  be  in  close  proximity  to  environmentally  sensitive  areas  or  densely  populated 
communities.  If  a  leak,  spill  or  other  environmental  incident  occurred,  it  could  result  in  substantial  fines  or  penalties  being 
imposed  by  regulatory  authorities,  revocation  of  licenses  or  permits  required  to  operate  the  business,  the  imposition  of  more 
stringent  conditions  in  those  licenses  or  permits  or  legal  claims  for  compensation  (including  punitive  damages)  by  affected 
stakeholders.

Global sustainability challenges, such as carbon emissions, privacy and data security, demographic shifts and regulatory pressures 
are  introducing  new  risk  factors  for  us  that  we  may  not  have  dealt  with  previously.  We  are  also  engaged  with  various 
sustainability  frameworks  and  organizations  through  which  we  have  stated  certain  ambitions  and  commitments  regarding 
sustainability  best  practices.  If  we  are  unable  to  successfully  manage  our  sustainability  compliance,  this  could  have  a  negative 
impact  on  our  reputation  and  our  ability  to  raise  capital  and  could  be  detrimental  to  our  economic  value  and  the  value  of  our 
managed assets.

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Failure to maintain the security of our information and technology systems could have a material adverse effect on us.

We rely on the use of technology and information systems, many of which are controlled by third-party service providers, which 
may  not  be  able  to  accommodate  our  growth  or  may  increase  in  cost  and  may  become  subject  to  cyber-terrorism  or  other 
compromises and shut-downs, and any failures or interruptions of these systems could adversely affect our businesses and results 
of operations.

We  and  our  managed  assets  operate  in  businesses  that  are  dependent  on  information  systems  and  other  technology,  such  as 
computer systems used for information storage, processing, administrative and commercial functions as well as the machinery and 
other equipment used in certain parts of our operations. In addition, our managed assets rely on telecommunication services to 
interface  with  their  business  networks  and  customers.  The  information  and  embedded  systems  of  key  business  partners  and 
regulatory  agencies  are  also  important  to  our  operations.  We  rely  on  this  technology  functioning  as  intended.  Our  information 
systems and technology may not continue to be able to accommodate our growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may 
increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, 
could have a material adverse effect on us.

We rely heavily on certain financial, accounting, communications and other data processing systems. We collect, store and use 
large  amounts  of  sensitive  information,  including  personally  identifiable  information,  through  our  information  technology 
systems. Our information technology systems face ongoing cybersecurity threats and attacks, which could result in the failure of 
such  infrastructure.  We  may  in  the  future  be  subject  to  cyber-terrorism  or  other  cybersecurity  risks  or  other  breaches  of 
information  technology  security,  noting  the  increasing  frequency,  sophistication  and  severity  of  these  kinds  of  incidents.  In 
particular, our information technology systems may be subject to cyber terrorism intended to obtain unauthorized access to our 
proprietary  information,  personally  identifiable  information  or  to  client  or  third-party  data  stored  on  our  systems,  destroy  or 
disable our data, and/or that of our business partners, disclose confidential data in breach of data privacy legislation, destroy data 
or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, through the introduction of computer viruses, cyber-attacks and other means. Such 
attacks could originate from a wide variety of sources, including internal actors or unknown third parties. Further, unauthorized 
parties  may  also  gain  physical  access  to  our  facilities  and  infiltrate  our  information  systems  or  attempt  to  gain  access  to 
information and data. The sophistication of the threats continue to evolve and grow, including the risk associated with the use of 
emerging  technologies,  such  as  artificial  intelligence  and  quantum  computing,  for  nefarious  purposes.  We  cannot  predict  what 
effects  such  cyber-attacks  or  compromises  or  shut-downs  may  have  on  our  business  and  on  the  privacy  of  the  individuals  or 
entities affected, and the consequences could be material. Cyber incidents may remain undetected for an extended period, which 
could exacerbate these consequences. A significant actual or potential theft, loss, corruption, exposure, fraudulent, unauthorized 
or  accidental  use  or  misuse  of  investor,  policyholder,  employee  or  other  personally  identifiable  or  proprietary  business  data, 
whether by third parties or as a result of employee malfeasance or otherwise, non-compliance with our contractual or other legal 
obligations regarding such data or intellectual property or a violation of our privacy and security policies with respect to such data 
could result in significant remediation and other costs, fines, litigation and regulatory actions against us by governments, various 
regulatory organizations or exchanges, or affected individuals, in addition to significant reputational harm and/or financial loss, 
and it may not be possible to recover losses suffered from such incidents under our insurance policies.

In addition, our operating equipment may not continue to perform as it has in the past, and there is a risk of equipment failure due 
to wear and tear, latent defect, design or operator errors or early obsolescence, among other things. 

A breach of our cyber security measures or the failure or malfunction of any of our computerized business systems, associated 
backup or data storage systems could cause us to suffer a disruption in one or more parts of our business and experience, among 
other  things,  financial  loss,  reputational  damage,  a  loss  of  business  opportunities,  misappropriation  or  unauthorized  release  of 
confidential or personal information, damage to our systems and those with whom we do business, violation of privacy and other 
laws, litigation, regulatory penalties and remediation and restoration costs as well as increased costs to maintain our systems.

We are reliant on third party service providers for certain aspects of our business, including for the administration of certain funds 
we  manage,  as  well  as  for  certain  information  systems  and  technology  platforms,  trustee  services,  legal  services,  technology, 
administration, tax, accounting and compliance matters. A disaster, disruption or compromise in technology or infrastructure that 
supports  our  managed  assets,  including  a  disruption  involving  electronic  communications  or  other  services  used  by  us,  our 
vendors or third parties with whom we conduct business, may have an adverse impact on our ability to continue to manage our 
assets without interruption which could have a material adverse effect on us. These risks could increase as vendors increasingly 
offer cloud-based software services rather than software services that can be operated within our own data centers. These risks 
also  increase  to  the  extent  we  engage  with  vendors  and  third-party  services  providers  in  jurisdictions  with  which  we  are  not 
familiar.  In  addition  to  the  fact  that  these  third-party  service  providers  could  also  face  ongoing  cyber  security  threats  and 
compromises of their systems, we generally have less control over the delivery of such third-party services, and as a result, we 

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may face disruptions to our ability to manage an asset as a result of interruptions of such services. A prolonged global failure of 
cloud services provided by a variety of cloud services providers that we engage could result in cascading systems failures for us. 
Although  we  are  continuing  to  develop  measures  to  ensure  the  integrity  of  our  systems,  we  can  provide  no  assurance  that  our 
efforts  or  those  of  third-party  service  providers  will  be  successful  in  protecting  our  systems  and  preventing  or  ameliorating 
damage from a cyber incident. 

Data  protection  and  privacy  rules  have  become  a  focus  for  regulators  globally.  For  instance,  the  European  General  Data 
Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) sets out data protection rules for individuals that are residents of the E.U. The GDPR imposes 
stringent  rules  and  penalties  for  non-  compliance.  Other  countries  where  we  operate  are  enacting  or  amending  data  protection, 
artificial intelligence and other technology laws to empower regulators to impose financial penalties and injunctions on certain 
data processing activities, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

We  and  our  managed  assets  may  become  involved  in  legal  disputes  in  Canada,  the  U.S.  and  internationally  that  could 
adversely impact our financial performance and reputation.

In the normal course of our and our managed assets’ businesses, we become involved in various legal actions, including claims 
relating  to  personal  injury,  property  damage,  property  taxes,  land  rights  and  contract  and  other  commercial  disputes.  The 
investment decisions we make and the activities of our investment professionals on behalf of our managed assets may subject us 
and our managed assets to the risk of third-party litigation. Further, we have significant operations in the U.S. which may, as a 
result of the prevalence of litigation in the U.S., be more susceptible to legal action than certain of our other competitors.

The final outcome with respect to outstanding, pending or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and the resolution 
of such actions may have an adverse effect on our financial position or results of our operations in a particular quarter or fiscal 
year. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of our management’s time and attention, and that time and the devotion of 
these  resources  to  litigation  may,  at  times,  be  disproportionate  to  the  amounts  at  stake  in  the  litigation.  Even  if  ultimately 
unsuccessful against us, any litigation has the potential to adversely affect our business, including by damaging our reputation.

Losses not covered by insurance may be large, which could adversely impact the assets under management.

We and our managed assets carry various insurance policies in relation to our respective business activities. These policies contain 
policy  specifications,  limits  and  deductibles  that  may  mean  that  such  policies  do  not  provide  coverage  or  sufficient  coverage 
against all potential material losses. We or those also part of the group policy may also self-insure a portion of certain of these 
risks, and therefore we may not be able to recover from a third-party insurer in the event that we, if we had separate insurance 
coverage from a third party, could make a claim for recovery. There are certain types of risk (generally of a catastrophic nature 
such as war or environmental contamination) that are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Further, there are certain 
types of risk for which insurance coverage is not equal to the full replacement cost of the insured assets.

Should any uninsured or underinsured loss occur, we could lose our anticipated profits and cash flows from one or more of our 
assets under management.

We also carry directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (“D&O insurance”) for losses or advancement of defense costs in the 
event a legal action is brought against our directors, officers or employees for alleged wrongful acts in their capacity as directors, 
officers or employees. Our D&O insurance contains certain customary exclusions that may make it unavailable for us in the event 
it is needed; and in any case our D&O insurance may not be adequate to fully protect us against liability for the conduct of our 
directors, officers or employees. We may also self-insure a portion of our D&O insurance, and therefore we may not be able to 
recover from a third-party insurer in the event that we, if we had D&O insurance from a third-party insurer, could make a claim 
for recovery.

For economic efficiency and other reasons, we may enter into insurance policies as a group (which may include the Corporation) 
that  are  intended  to  provide  coverage  for  the  entire  group.  Where  group  policies  are  in  place,  any  payments  under  such  policy 
could have a negative impact on other entities covered under the policy as they may not be able to access adequate insurance in 
the  event  it  is  needed.  While  management  attempts  to  design  coverage  limits  under  group  policies  to  ensure  that  all  entities 
covered under a policy have access to sufficient insurance coverage, there are no guarantees that these efforts will be effective in 
obtaining this result.

Inability to collect amounts owing to us could adversely impact financial performance.

Third  parties  may  not  fulfill  their  payment  obligations  to  us,  which  could  include  money,  securities  or  other  assets,  thereby 
impacting  our  operations  and  financial  results.  These  parties  include  deal  and  trading  counterparties,  governmental  agencies, 
customers and financial intermediaries. Third parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, 
operational failure, general economic conditions or other reasons.

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We  manage  assets  that  loan  money  to  distressed  companies,  either  privately  or  via  an  investment  in  publicly  traded  debt 
securities.  As  a  result,  we  actively  take  heightened  credit  risk  in  other  entities  from  time  to  time  and  whether  we  realize 
satisfactory investment returns on these loans is uncertain and may be beyond our control. If some of these debt investments fail, 
our financial performance could be negatively impacted.

Investors in our private funds, including the Corporation and its affiliates, make capital commitments to these vehicles through the 
execution of subscription agreements. When a private fund makes an investment, these capital commitments are then satisfied by 
our investors via capital contributions. Investors in our private funds may default on their capital commitment obligations, which 
could have an adverse impact on our earnings or result in other negative implications to our business and our managed assets, 
such as the requirement to redeploy our own capital to cover such obligations. This impact would be magnified if the investor that 
does so is in multiple funds.

Information barriers may give rise to certain conflicts and risks and investment teams managing the activities of businesses 
that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier will not be aware of, and will not have the ability to manage, such 
conflicts and risks.

Certain  of  our  investment  professionals  operate  largely  independently  of  one  another  pursuant  to  an  information  barrier.  The 
information  barrier  restricts  businesses  on  opposite  sides  from  coordinating  or  consulting  with  one  another  with  respect  to 
investment activities and/or decisions. Accordingly, these businesses manage their investment operations independently of each 
other. The investment activities and decisions made by a business on one side of an information barrier are not expected to be 
subject  to  any  internal  approvals  by  any  person  who  would  have  knowledge  and/or  decision-making  control  of  the  investment 
activities  and  decisions  made  by  a  business  on  the  other  side  of  the  information  barrier.  This  absence  of  coordination  and 
consultation  will  give  rise  to  certain  conflicts  and  risks  in  connection  with  the  activities  of  the  businesses  within  our  asset 
management strategies and make it more difficult to mitigate, ameliorate or avoid such situations. These conflicts (and potential 
conflicts) of interests may include: (i) competing from time to time for the same investment opportunities, (ii) the pursuit by a 
business  on  one  side  of  the  information  barrier  of  investment  opportunities  suitable  for  a  business  on  the  other  side  of  the 
information barrier, without making such opportunities available to such business, and (iii) the formation or establishment of new 
strategies  or  products  that  could  compete  or  otherwise  conduct  their  affairs  without  regard  as  to  whether  or  not  they  adversely 
impact the strategies or products of businesses operating on the other side of the information barrier. Investment teams managing 
the activities of businesses that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier are not expected to be aware of, and will not 
have the need or ability to manage, such conflicts which may impact the investment strategy, performance and investment returns 
of certain businesses within our asset management strategies.

The  investment  professionals  that  operate  on  opposite  sides  of  an  information  barrier  are  likely  to  be  deemed  affiliates  for 
purposes  of  certain  laws  and  regulations  notwithstanding  that  they  may  be  operationally  independent  from  one  another.  The 
information  barrier  does  not  eliminate  the  requirement  to  aggregate  certain  investment  holdings  for  certain  securities  laws  and 
other  regulatory  purposes.  This  may  result  in,  among  other  things,  earlier  public  disclosure  of  investments;  restrictions  on 
transactions  (including  the  ability  to  make  or  dispose  of  certain  investments  at  certain  times);  potential  short-swing  profit 
disgorgement;  penalties  and/or  regulatory  remedies;  or  adverse  effects  on  the  prices  of  investments  for  our  investment 
professionals’ businesses that operate on the other side of such information barrier.

Although  these  information  barriers  are  intended  to  address  the  potential  conflicts  of  interests  and  regulatory,  legal  and 
contractual requirements applicable to us, we may decide, at any time and without notice to our shareholders, to remove or modify 
the  information  barriers.  In  addition,  there  may  be  breaches  (including  inadvertent  breaches)  of  the  information  barriers  and 
related internal controls. In the event that the information barrier is removed or modified, it would be expected that we will adopt 
certain  protocols  designed  to  address  potential  conflicts  and  other  considerations  relating  to  the  management  of  the  investment 
activities  of  those  businesses  that  previously  operated  on  opposite  sides  of  an  information  barrier.  See  “Risks  Relating  to  the 
Manager — Our organizational and ownership structure may create conflicts of interest that may be resolved in a manner that is 
not in the best interests of our company or the best interests of our shareholders”.

The  breach  or  failure  of  our  information  barriers  could  result  in  the  sharing  of  material  non-public  information  between 
investment professionals that operate on opposite sides of an information barrier, which may restrict the acquisition or disposition 
activities of one of our strategies and ultimately impact the returns generated for our investors. In addition, any such breach or 
failure  could  also  result  in  potential  regulatory  investigations  and  claims  for  securities  laws  violations  in  connection  with  our 
direct and/or indirect investment activities. Any inadvertent trading on material non-public information, or perception of trading 
on  material  non-public  information  by  our  personnel,  could  have  a  significant  adverse  effect  on  our  reputation,  result  in  the 
imposition of regulatory or financial sanctions and negatively impact our ability to raise third-party capital and provide investment 
management services to our clients, all of which could result in negative financial impact to our investment activities.

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We face risks specific to our renewable power and transition strategies.

Our renewable power and transition strategies invest in assets that are subject to changes in the weather, hydrology and price, but 
also include risks related to equipment or dam failure, counterparty performance, water rental costs, land rental costs, changes in 
regulatory requirements and other material disruptions.

The revenues generated by the power facilities we manage are correlated to the amount of electricity generated, which in turn is 
dependent upon available water flows, wind, irradiance and other elements beyond our control. Hydrology, wind and irradiance 
levels vary naturally from year to year and may also change permanently because of climate change or other factors. It is therefore 
possible  that  low  water,  wind  and  irradiance  levels  at  certain  of  our  power  generating  operations  could  occur  at  any  time  and 
potentially continue for indefinite periods.

A portion of the renewable power and transition revenue is tied, either directly or indirectly, to the wholesale market price for 
electricity,  which  is  impacted  by  a  number  of  external  factors  beyond  our  control.  Additionally,  a  portion  of  the  power  that  is 
generated  is  sold  under  long-term  power  purchase  agreements,  shorter-term  financial  instruments  and  physical  electricity 
contracts  which  are  intended  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  fluctuations  in  wholesale  electricity  prices;  however,  they  may  not  be 
effective  in  achieving  this  outcome.  Certain  of  the  power  purchase  agreements  of  our  managed  assets  will  be  subject  to  re-
contracting in the future. If the price of electricity in power markets is declining at the time of such re-contracting, it may impact 
our  ability  to  re-negotiate  or  replace  these  contracts  on  terms  that  are  acceptable  to  us.  Conversely,  what  appears  to  be  an 
attractive  price  at  the  time  of  re-contracting  could,  if  power  prices  rise  over  the  power  purchase  agreement’s  term,  result  in  us 
having committed to sell power in the future at below market rate. If we are unable to re-negotiate or replace these contracts, or 
unable to secure prices at least equal to the current prices we receive, our business, financial condition, results of operation and 
prospects could be adversely affected.

In our renewable power and transition portfolio, there is a risk of equipment failure due to severe weather conditions (including as 
a result of climate change), wear and tear, latent defect, design error or operator error, among other things. The occurrence of such 
failures could result in a loss of generating capacity and repairing such failures could require the expenditure of significant capital 
and other resources. Failures could also result in exposure to significant liability for damages due to harm to the environment, to 
the  public  generally  or  to  specific  third  parties.  Equipment  that  our  renewable  power  and  transition  operations  need,  including 
spare  parts  and  components  required  for  project  development,  may  become  unavailable  or  difficult  to  procure,  inhibiting  our 
ability to maintain full availability of existing plants and also our ability to complete development projects on scope, schedule and 
budget.

In certain cases, some catastrophic events may not excuse us from performing our obligations pursuant to agreements with third 
parties and we may be liable for damages or suffer further losses as a result.

Our  renewable  power  and  transition  portfolio  is  exposed  to  performance  and  operational  risks  in  respect  of  certain  nuclear 
technologies.  The  nuclear  fuel  and  power  industries  are  heavily  regulated  and  could  be  significantly  impacted  by  changes  in 
government  policies  and  priorities  such  as  increased  regulation  and/or  more  onerous  operating  requirements  that  negatively 
impact our nuclear technology services. A future accident at a nuclear reactor could result in the shutdown of existing plants or 
impact the continued acceptance by the public and regulatory authorities of nuclear energy and the future prospects for nuclear 
generators.  Accidents,  terrorism,  natural  disasters  or  other  incidents  occurring  at  nuclear  facilities  or  involving  shipments  of 
nuclear materials could reduce the demand for nuclear technology services.

The  ability  of  the  platforms  we  manage  to  develop  greenfield  renewable  power  projects  in  our  development  pipeline  may  be 
affected  by  a  number  of  factors,  including  the  state  of  capital  markets,  the  ability  to  secure  project  financing  (including  from 
equity investors and through tax and other government incentives), the ability to secure approvals, licenses and permits and the 
ability  to  secure  a  long-term  power  purchase  agreement  or  other  sales  contracts  on  reasonable  terms.  The  development  of  our 
pipeline  of  greenfield  renewable  power  projects  is  also  subject  to  environmental,  engineering  and  construction  risks  that  could 
result in cost-overruns, delays and reduced performance.

New regulatory initiatives related to sustainability could adversely impact our managed assets. While we believe that regulatory 
initiatives  and  market  trends  towards  an  increased  focus  on  sustainability  are  generally  beneficial  to  our  renewable  power  and 
transition group, any such regulatory initiatives also have the potential to adversely impact us. For example, regulatory initiatives 
seeking  to  reorient  investment  toward  sustainability  by  regulating  green  financial  products  could  have  the  effect  of  increasing 
burdensome  disclosure  requirements  around  sustainability  and  prescribing  approaches  to  sustainability  policies  that  are 
inconsistent  with  our  current  practices.  If  regulators  disagree  with  the  sustainability  disclosures  that  we  make,  or  with  the 
categorization  of  our  financial  products,  we  may  face  regulatory  enforcement  action,  and  our  business  or  reputation  could  be 
adversely affected.

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We face risks specific to our infrastructure strategies.

Our infrastructure managed assets include utilities, transport, midstream and data businesses.

Our  infrastructure  assets  include  toll  roads,  telecommunication  towers,  electricity  transmission  systems,  terminal  operations, 
electricity  and  gas  distribution  companies,  residential  infrastructure,  rail  networks,  ports  and  data  centers.  The  principal  risks 
facing  the  regulated  and  unregulated  businesses  comprising  our  infrastructure  assets  relate  to  government  regulation,  general 
economic conditions and other material disruptions, counterparty performance and capital expenditure requirements.

Many  of  the  infrastructure  assets  we  manage  are  subject  to  government  regulation,  including  with  respect  to  revenues  and 
environmental sustainability. If any of the respective regulators in the jurisdictions in which we operate decides to change the tolls 
or rates we are allowed to charge or the amounts of the provisions we are allowed to collect, we may not be able to earn the rate of 
return on our investments that we had planned, or we may not be able to recover our initial cost.

With  environmental  regulation  becoming  more  stringent,  our  managed  assets  may  become  subject  to  increasing  environmental 
responsibility  and  liability.  These  regulations  may  result  in  increased  costs  to  our  managed  assets  that  may  not  be  able  to  be 
passed onto their customers and may have an adverse impact on prospects for growth of some businesses.

General economic conditions (including those resulting from climate change and severe weather conditions) affect international 
demand for the commodities handled and services provided by operators in our infrastructure managed assets. A downturn in the 
economy  generally  or  specific  to  any  of  our  infrastructure  managed  assets,  may  lead  to  a  reduction  in  volumes,  disruption  to 
business, bankruptcies or liquidations of one or more large customers, which could reduce our revenues, increase our bad debt 
expense, reduce our ability to make capital expenditures or have other adverse effects on us.

Some of our managed assets have customer contracts as well as concession agreements in place with public and private sector 
clients. Our managed assets with customer contracts could be adversely affected by any material change in the assets, financial 
condition or results of operations of such customers. Protecting the quality of our revenue streams through the inclusion of take-
or-pay or guaranteed minimum volume provisions into our contracts is not always possible or fully effective.

Some  of  our  managed  assets  may  require  substantial  capital  expenditures  to  maintain  their  asset  base.  Any  failure  to  make 
necessary  expenditures  to  maintain  their  operations  could  impair  their  ability  to  serve  existing  customers  or  accommodate 
increased  volumes.  In  addition,  we  may  not  be  able  to  recover  investments  in  capital  expenditures  based  upon  the  rates  our 
operations are able to charge.

We face risks specific to our private equity strategies.

The principal risks for our private equity managed assets are potential loss of invested capital as well as insufficient investment or 
fee  income  to  cover  operating  expenses  and  cost  of  capital.  Our  private  equity  platform  is  invested  in  industrial  operations, 
business services operations and infrastructure services operations, many of which can be cyclical and/or illiquid and therefore 
may be difficult to monetize at our discretion, limiting our flexibility to react to changing economic or investment conditions. In 
addition, increasingly we have certain managed assets that provide goods and services directly to consumers across a variety of 
industries.  These  businesses  are  prone  to  greater  liabilities,  as  well  as  reputational,  litigation  and  other  risks  by  virtue  of  being 
more public-facing and reliant on their ability to develop and preserve consumer relationships and achieve consumer satisfaction.

Unfavorable  economic  conditions  could  negatively  impact  the  ability  of  our  managed  assets  to  repay  debt.  Adverse  economic 
conditions facing our managed assets may adversely impact the value of our investments or deplete our financial or management 
resources. These investments are also subject to the risks inherent in the underlying businesses, some of which are facing difficult 
business conditions and may continue to do so for the foreseeable future. These risks are compounded by recent growth, as new 
acquisitions have increased the scale and scope of our operations, including in new geographic areas and industry sectors, and we 
may have difficulty managing these additional operations.

We may deploy our client’s capital in managed assets that are experiencing significant financial or business difficulties, including 
companies  involved  in  work-outs,  liquidations,  spin-outs,  reorganizations,  bankruptcies  and  similar  transactions.  Such  an 
investment entails the risk that the transaction will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of 
cash  or  new  securities,  the  value  of  which  may  be  less  than  the  purchase  price  of  the  securities  in  respect  of  which  such 
distribution is received. In addition, if an anticipated transaction does not occur, we may be required to sell our investment at a 
loss.  These  managed  assets  may  become  subject  to  legal  and/or  regulatory  proceedings  and  our  investment  may  be  adversely 
affected by external events beyond our control, leading to legal, indemnification or other expenses.

We  have  several  managed  assets  that  operate  in  the  highly  competitive  service  industry.  A  wide  variety  of  micro  and 
macroeconomic  factors  affecting  our  clients  and  over  which  we  have  no  control  can  impact  how  these  companies  operate.  For 

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example, our Canadian residential mortgage insurer is subject to significant regulation and may be adversely affected by changes 
in government policy. The majority of the revenue from our healthcare services operation is derived from private health insurance 
funds, which may be affected by a deterioration in the economic climate, a change in economic incentives, increases in private 
health  insurance  premiums  and  other  factors.  In  addition,  alternative  technologies  in  the  health  care  industry  could  impact  the 
demand for, or use of, our services and could impair or eliminate the competitive advantage of our businesses in this industry.

Our infrastructure services operations include companies in lottery services, marine transportation and scaffolding services. Our 
lottery services operation is heavily dependent on long-term contracts and failure to win, maintain and renew these contracts could 
substantially  impact  revenue.  Our  lottery  services  operation  also  often  requires  entering  into  strategic  relationships  with  third 
parties,  including  competitors,  which  we  do  not  control,  and  which  may  have  inconsistent  business  interests  or  goals  from  us. 
Marine transportation and oil production is inherently risky, particularly in the extreme conditions in which many of our vessels 
operate. An incident involving significant loss of product or environmental contamination by any of our vessels could harm our 
reputation  and  business.  Our  scaffolding  services  business  is  subject  to  the  risks  inherent  to  construction  operations,  including 
risks relating to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our services, a dependence on labor and performance being materially 
impacted  by  a  lack  of  availability  of  labor  force  or  increases  in  the  cost  of  labor  available,  and  operational  hazards  that  could 
result in personal injury or death, work stoppage or serious property and equipment damage.

We face risks specific to our real estate strategies.

Our real estate strategies invest in commercial properties and are therefore exposed to certain risks inherent in the commercial real 
estate business. Commercial real estate investments are subject to varying degrees of risk depending on the nature of the property. 
These  risks  include  changes  in  general  economic  conditions  (such  as  the  availability  and  cost  of  mortgage  capital),  local 
conditions  (such  as  an  oversupply  of  space  or  a  reduction  in  demand  for  real  estate  in  the  markets  in  which  we  operate),  the 
attractiveness of the properties to tenants, competition from other landlords and our ability to provide adequate maintenance at an 
economical cost.

Certain expenditures, including property taxes, maintenance costs, mortgage payments, insurance costs and related charges, must 
be  made  whether  or  not  a  property  is  producing  sufficient  income  to  service  these  expenses.  These  commercial  properties  are 
typically subject to mortgages that require debt service payments. If we become unable or unwilling to meet mortgage payments 
on any property, losses could be sustained as a result of the mortgagee’s exercise of its rights of foreclosure or of sale.

Continuation of rental income is dependent on favorable leasing markets to ensure expiring leases are renewed and new tenants 
are found promptly to fill vacancies. It is possible that we may face a disproportionate amount of space expiring in any one year. 
Additionally, rental rates could decline, tenant bankruptcies could increase and tenant renewals may not be achieved, particularly 
in the event of an economic slowdown.

Our real estate strategies invest in businesses that operate in industries or geographies that may be impacted by a local, regional, 
national or international outbreak of a contagious disease. Adverse impacts on our managed assets may also include:

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a complete or partial closure of, or other operational issues at, one or more of our properties resulting from government 
or tenant action and climate change events including hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural and man-made 
disasters;

a slowdown in business activity may severely impact our tenants’ businesses, financial condition and liquidity and may 
cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to fund their business operations, meet their obligations to us in full, or at 
all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations;

an increase in re-leasing timelines, potential delays in lease-up of vacant space and the market rates at which such lease 
will be executed;

reduced economic activity could result in a prolonged recession, which could negatively impact consumer discretionary 
spending; and

expected  completion  dates  for  our  development  and  redevelopment  projects  may  be  subject  to  delay  as  a  result  of  the 
disruption of local economic conditions.

The  retail  real  estate  assets  in  our  managed  assets  are  susceptible  to  any  economic  factors  that  have  a  negative  impact  on 
consumer spending. Lower consumer spending would have an unfavorable effect on the sales of our retail tenants, which could 
result in their inability or unwillingness to make all payments owing to us, and on our ability to keep existing tenants and attract 
new  tenants.  Significant  expenditures  associated  with  each  equity  investment  in  real  estate  assets,  such  as  mortgage  payments, 
property taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when there is a reduction in income from the investment, so our 

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income and cash flow would be adversely affected by a decline in income from our retail properties. In addition, low occupancy 
or  sales  at  our  retail  properties,  as  a  result  of  competition  or  otherwise,  could  result  in  termination  of  or  reduced  rent  payable 
under certain of our retail leases, which could adversely affect our retail property revenues.

The hospitality and multifamily assets in our managed assets are subject to a range of operating risks common to these industries, 
many of which are outside our control, and the profitability of our investments in these industries may be adversely affected by 
these factors. For example, our hospitality business faces risks relating to climate change; hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis and 
other natural and man-made disasters; the potential spread of contagious diseases; and insect infestations more common to rental 
accommodations. Such factors could limit or reduce the demand for or the prices our hospitality properties are able to obtain for 
their accommodations or could increase our costs and therefore reduce the profitability of our hospitality businesses. There are 
numerous  housing  alternatives  that  compete  with  our  multifamily  properties,  including  other  multifamily  properties  as  well  as 
condominiums and single-family homes. This competitive environment could have a material adverse effect on our ability to lease 
apartment homes at our present properties or any newly developed or acquired real estate, as well as on the rents realized.

Risks Related to Taxation

Changes in Canadian federal income tax law might adversely affect the Manager and/or Holders of Class A Shares.

There can be no assurance that Canadian federal income tax laws, the judicial interpretation thereof, or the administrative policies 
and assessing practices of the CRA will not be changed in a manner that adversely affects the Manager and/or Holders of Class A 
Shares. Any such developments could have a material adverse effect on the Holders of Class A Shares or our business, financial 
condition and results of operations.

Reassessments by tax authorities or changes in tax laws could create additional tax costs for us.

We operate in countries with differing tax laws and tax rates. Our tax reporting is supported by tax laws in the countries in which 
we  operate  and  the  application  of  tax  treaties  between  the  various  countries  in  which  we  operate.  Our  income  tax  reporting  is 
subject to audit by tax authorities in the countries in which we operate. Our effective tax rate may change from year to year, based 
on changes in the mix of activities and income earned among the different jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in tax laws 
in these jurisdictions, changes in the tax treaties between the countries in which we operate, changes in our eligibility for benefits 
under  those  tax  treaties,  and  changes  in  the  estimated  values  of  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities.  Tax  laws,  regulations  and 
administrative  practices  in  various  jurisdictions  may  be  subject  to  significant  change,  with  or  without  notice,  due  to  economic, 
political  and  other  conditions,  and  significant  judgment  is  required  in  evaluating  and  estimating  our  provision  and  accruals  for 
these taxes. Such changes could result in a substantial increase in the effective tax rate on all or a portion of our income.

Governments around the world increasingly seek to regulate multinational companies and the application of differential tax rates 
between  jurisdictions.  This  effort  includes  a  greater  emphasis  by  various  nations  on  coordinating  and  sharing  information 
regarding companies and the taxes they pay. A number of countries across the globe have also agreed to implement a “two pillar” 
plan for global tax reform, developed by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS, to address perceived base erosion and 
profit  shifting  (“BEPS”)  by  some  multinational  groups.  Governmental  taxation  reforms,  policies  and  practices  could  adversely 
affect  us  and,  depending  on  the  nature  of  such  reforms,  policies  and  practices,  including  the  implementation  of  the  BEPS 
proposals in the jurisdictions in which we operate, could have an impact on us. As a result of this increased focus on the use of tax 
planning by multinational companies, our company could be subject to negative media coverage, which may adversely impact our 
reputation.

To preserve the intended Canadian and U.S. federal income tax treatment of the arrangement undertaken to implement the special 
distribution of the asset management business (“Arrangement”), the Manager agreed to certain restrictions that may significantly 
reduce  its  strategic  and  operating  flexibility.  In  connection  with  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  engaged  in  various 
restructuring  transactions  (the  “Pre-Arrangement  Reorganization”).  To  preserve  the  intended  Canadian  federal  income  tax 
treatment of these transactions as generally tax deferred under the Income Tax Act (Canada), the Manager, the Corporation and 
their  subsidiaries  are  prohibited  for  a  period  of  two  years  following  the  effective  date  of  the  Arrangement,  except  in  specific 
circumstances,  from  taking  any  action,  omitting  to  take  any  action  or  entering  into  any  transaction  that  could  cause  the  Pre-
Arrangement Reorganization, the Arrangement or certain other transactions occurring in conjunction therewith to be taxed in a 
manner that is inconsistent with that provided for in an opinion of counsel addressed to the board of directors of the Corporation 
and the board of directors of the Manager confirming the Canadian federal income tax consequences of certain aspects of the Pre-
Arrangement  Reorganization  and  the  Arrangement  to  the  parties  thereto.  To  preserve  the  intended  U.S.  federal  income  tax 
treatment of these transactions, for a period of time following the Arrangement, the Manager covenanted with the Corporation and 
others, except in specific circumstances, not to take certain actions that would prevent certain steps pursuant to the Arrangement 
from qualifying as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The foregoing restrictions may 

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limit for a period of time the Manager’s ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or other transactions that it believes to be in 
the best interests of our shareholders or that might increase the value of our business.

If the Manager is classified as a passive foreign investment company, U.S. persons who own Class A Shares could be subject 
to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.

If the Manager is classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder that owns Class A Shares could be 
subject  to  adverse  tax  consequences,  including  a  greater  tax  liability  than  might  otherwise  apply,  an  interest  charge  on  certain 
taxes  deemed  deferred  as  a  result  of  the  Manager’s  non-U.S.  status  and  additional  U.S.  tax  reporting  obligations.  In  general,  a 
non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC during a taxable year if, taking into account the income and assets of certain of its affiliates, 
(i)  75%  or  more  of  its  gross  income  constitutes  passive  income  or  (ii)  50%  or  more  of  its  assets  produce,  or  are  held  for  the 
production of, passive income. Passive income generally includes interest, dividends and other investment income.

Based on its current and expected income, assets and activities, the Manager does not expect to be classified as a PFIC for the 
current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, the determination of whether the Manager is a PFIC depends upon the 
composition of its income and assets and the nature of its activities from time to time and must be made annually as of the close of 
each  taxable  year.  The  PFIC  determination  also  depends  on  the  application  of  complex  U.S.  federal  income  tax  rules  that  are 
subject  to  differing  interpretations.  Thus,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Manager  will  not  be  classified  as  a  PFIC  for  any 
taxable year, or that the IRS or a court will agree with the Manager’s determination as to its PFIC status. U.S. Holders are urged 
to  consult  their  tax  advisers  regarding  the  application  of  the  PFIC  rules,  including  the  related  reporting  requirements  and  the 
advisability  of  making  any  available  election  under  the  PFIC  rules,  with  respect  to  their  ownership  and  disposition  of  Class  A 
Shares. 

Tax laws and regulations may change in the jurisdictions in which we operate, which may affect the effective tax rate on all or 
a portion of our income.

We operate in countries with differing tax laws and tax rates. Our tax reporting is supported by tax laws in the countries in which 
we  operate  and  the  application  of  tax  treaties  between  the  various  countries  in  which  we  operate.  Our  income  tax  reporting  is 
subject to audit by tax authorities in the countries in which we operate. Our effective tax rate may change from year to year, based 
on (i) changes in the mix of activities and income earned among the different jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) changes in tax 
laws  in  these  jurisdictions,  (iii)  changes  in  the  tax  treaties  between  the  countries  in  which  we  operate,  (iv)  changes  in  our 
eligibility for benefits under those tax treaties, and (v) changes in the estimated values of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Tax 
laws, regulations and administrative practices in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change, with or without notice, 
due to economic, political and other conditions, and significant judgment is required in evaluating and estimating our provision 
and accruals for these taxes. Such changes could result in a substantial increase in the effective tax rate on all or a portion of our 
income.

To preserve the intended Canadian and U.S. federal income tax treatment of the Arrangement, the Manager agreed to certain 
restrictions that may significantly reduce its strategic and operating flexibility.

The  Corporation  engaged  in  various  restructuring  transactions  in  connection  with  the  Arrangement.  To  preserve  the  intended 
Canadian  federal  income  tax  treatment  of  these  transactions,  as  generally  tax  deferred  under  the  Tax  Act,  the  Corporation,  the 
Manager and their subsidiaries (including the Asset Management Company) are prohibited for a period of two years following the 
effective  date  of  the  Arrangement,  except  in  specific  circumstances,  from  taking  any  action,  omitting  to  take  any  action  or 
entering into any transaction that could cause the Pre-Arrangement Reorganization, the Arrangement or certain other transactions 
occurring  in  conjunction  therewith  to  be  taxed  in  a  manner  that  is  inconsistent  with  that  provided  for  in  the  legal  opinion 
addressed to the board of directors of the Corporation and the Board confirming the Canadian federal income tax consequences of 
certain aspects of the Pre-Arrangement Reorganization and the Arrangement to the parties thereto. To preserve the intended U.S. 
federal income tax treatment of these transactions, for a period of time following the Arrangement, the Manager covenanted with 
the Corporation and others, except in specific circumstances, not to take certain actions that would prevent certain steps pursuant 
to the Arrangement from qualifying as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Section 
355(a)  of  the  Code.  The  foregoing  restrictions  may  limit  for  a  period  of  time  the  Manager’s  ability  to  pursue  certain  strategic 
transactions or other transactions that it believes to be in the best interests of its shareholders or that might increase the value of its 
business.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Unless otherwise specified, information provided in this Management's Discussion and Analysis (this “MD&A”) is as of December 
31, 2023. Unless the context requires otherwise, when used in this MD&A, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” means our asset management 
business and the Manager, individually or collectively, where applicable, and the term “Corporation” means Brookfield Corporation 
and  its  subsidiaries  (including  the  perpetual  affiliates  (as  defined  below))  other  than  the  Asset  Management  Company  (as  defined 
below)  and  its  subsidiaries  and  does  not,  for  greater  certainty,  include  the  Manager,  Brookfield  Reinsurance  (as  defined  below)  or 
Oaktree  and  their  affiliates.  The  term  "Brookfield"  means  the  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the  Asset  Management  Company, 
collectively.

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Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to:

“MSOP” means the 2022 Management Share Option Plan of the Manager adopted on December 9, 2022;

“Arrangement” means the court approved plan of arrangement of the Corporation as a result of which (i) the shareholders of 
the Corporation, while retaining their shares of the Corporation, became shareholders of the Manager, which acquired a 25% 
interest  in  our  asset  management  business  through  common  shares  of  the  Asset  Management  Company,  and  (ii)  the 
Corporation changed its name from “Brookfield Asset Management Inc.” to “Brookfield Corporation”;

“Asset Management Company” means Brookfield Asset Management ULC;

“Asset Management Services Agreement” means the agreement dated November 8, 2022 between the Manager and the 
Asset Management Company to govern the provision of services by the Manager’s employees to the Asset Management 
Company on a cost recovery basis under a perpetual agreement, as further described in Note 1 “Organization” of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Manager;

“Assets  Under  Management”  or  “AUM”  has  the  meaning  ascribed  thereto  under  Part  3  “Key  Financial  and  Operating 
Measures”;

“BBU” means Brookfield Business Partners L.P., together with its subsidiaries including its paired corporation, Brookfield 
Business Corporation;

“BEP” means Brookfield Renewable Partners L.P., together with its subsidiaries including its paired corporation, Brookfield 
Renewable Corporation;

“BIP”  means  Brookfield  Infrastructure  Partners  L.P.,  together  with  its  subsidiaries  including  its  paired  corporation, 
Brookfield Infrastructure Corporation;

“Board” means the board of directors of the Manager;

“BPG”  means  Brookfield  Property  Group,  including  BPY  and  the  Corporation’s  wholly  owned  real  estate  directly  held 
entities;

“BPY” means Brookfield Property Partners L.P., together with its subsidiaries;

“Brookfield  Reinsurance”  means  Brookfield  Reinsurance  Ltd.  (formerly  known  as  Brookfield  Asset  Management 
Reinsurance Partners Ltd.);

“Class A Shares” means the class A limited voting shares in the capital of the Manager;

“Class B Shares” means the class B limited voting shares in the capital of the Manager;

“Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

“Code of Conduct” means the code of business conduct and ethics of the Manager;

“Corporation”  means  Brookfield  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries  (including  the  perpetual  affiliates)  other  than  the  Asset 
Management Company and its subsidiaries and does not, for greater certainty, include the Manager, Brookfield Reinsurance 
or Oaktree and their subsidiaries;

“CRA” means the Canada Revenue Agency;

“Distributable Earnings” is intended to represent the cash available for distribution to shareholders or to be reinvested by 
the Manager or the Asset Management Company, as applicable. Distributable Earnings of the Manager represent its share of 
Distributable Earnings from the Asset Management Company less general and administrative expenses, but excluding equity-
based compensation costs, of the Manager. Distributable Earnings of the Asset Management Company is calculated as the 
sum of its Fee-Related Earnings, realized carried interest, realized principal investments, interest expense, and general and 

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administrative expenses; excluding equity-based compensation costs and depreciation and amortization. For a discussion of 
the  Manager’s  and  our  asset  management  business’  calculation  of  Distributable  Earnings,  see  Part  3  “Key  Financial  and 
Operating Measures”;

“EDGAR” means the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system at www.sec.gov;

“Fed” means the Federal Reserve System, or the central banking system of the United States;

“Fee-Bearing Capital” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Part 3 “Key Financial and Operating Measures”;

“Fee Revenues” has the meaning ascribed thereto under Part 3 “Key Financial and Operating Measures”;

“Investment Company Act” means the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;

“IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service;

“managed assets” means the businesses, operations and other assets managed by the Corporation prior to completion of the 
Arrangement  and  to  be  managed  by  the  Manager  and  our  asset  management  business  following  completion  of  the 
Arrangement;

“Manager” means Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries;

“Manager  Credit  Facility”  means  the  credit  agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  between  the  Manager  and  the  Asset 
Management Company, pursuant to which the Asset Management Company has provided a five-year revolving $500 million 
credit facility to the Manager, as further described under Part 7 “Liquidity and Capital Resources”;

“mature fund” means manager funds which were already significantly deployed upon completion of the Arrangement;

“new sponsored fund” or “new fund” means all manager funds launched on or after the date of the Arrangement;

“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange;

“Oaktree” means Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., together with its affiliates, Oaktree Capital II, L.P. General ("OCM II 
General"), Oaktree Capital II, L.P. Manager ("OCM II Manager"), Oaktree Capital II, L.P New Fund ("OCM II New Fund"), 
Oaktree AIF Investments, L.P., Oaktree Capital Management (Cayman) L.P. and Oaktree Investment Holdings, L.P. and their 
consolidated subsidiaries; 

“our  asset  management  business”  means  the  global  alternative  asset  management  business  previously  carried  on  by  the 
Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries,  which,  following  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  is  owned  approximately  75%  by  the 
Corporation and approximately 25% by the Manager through their ownership of common shares of the Asset Management 
Company;

“parent” means Brookfield Corporation, unless otherwise indicated;

“perpetual affiliates” means BEP, BIP, BBU and BPY;

“PFIC” means a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

“Pre-Arrangement  Reorganization”  means  the  preliminary  transactions  to  reorganize  the  business  of  Brookfield 
Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management Inc.) that have been undertaken to facilitate the Arrangement;

“Relationship  Agreement”  means  the  agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the  Manager  and  the 
Asset Management Company to govern aspects of their relationship following the Arrangement, as further described under 
Note 1 “Organization” of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Manager;

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” or “Sarbanes-Oxley” means the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended;

“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

“SEDAR+” means the System for Electronic Data Analysis and Retrieval + at www.sedarplus.ca;

“SOFR” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or a successor 
administrator);

“Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada);

“Transitional  Services  Agreement”  means  the  agreement  dated  November  8,  2022  among  the  Corporation,  the  Manager 
and the Asset Management Company described under Note 1 “Organization” of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the 
Manager;

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

102

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

“TSX” means the Toronto Stock Exchange;

“U.K.” or “United Kingdom” means the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

“U.S. Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations 
promulgated from time to time thereunder;

“U.S. GAAP” means the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States;

“U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Class A Shares that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is: (1) an individual who is a 
citizen or resident of the United states, (2) a corporation (or other entity classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax 
purposes) created or organized in the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of 
which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (4) a trust if (i) a court within the United States is 
able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to 
control  all  substantial  decisions  of  the  trust,  or  (ii)  the  trust  has  a  valid  election  in  effect  under  applicable  Treasury 
Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

“U.S. Securities Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated 
from time to time thereunder; and 

“Voting Agreement” means the agreement dated December 9, 2022 between the Corporation and the Manager providing for 
the election of directors of the Asset Management Company.

103

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND AS 
AT AND FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022

104

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING 

Management of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. (the "Manager") is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate 
internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Internal control over 
financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial 
Officer and effected by the Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Manager’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based 
on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2023, the Manager’s 
internal control over financial reporting is effective. 

The  Manager’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  December  31,  2023,  has  been  audited  by  Deloitte  LLP,  the 
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, who also audited the Manager’s consolidated financial statements for the year 
ended December 31, 2023. As stated in the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Deloitte LLP expressed an 
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Manager’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. 

/s/ Bruce Flatt
Bruce Flatt
Chief Executive Officer

March 19, 2024
Toronto, Canada

/s/ Bahir Manios
Bahir Manios
Chief Financial Officer

105

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We  have  audited  the  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  and  subsidiaries  (the 
“Company”) as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued 
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, 
in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in 
Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States) 
(PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2023, of the Company and our report 
dated March 19, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The  Company’s  management  is  responsible  for  maintaining  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  and  for  its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report 
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over 
financial  reporting  based  on  our  audit.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  PCAOB  and  are  required  to  be 
independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was  maintained  in  all 
material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that 
a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed 
risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a 
reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a  process  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  the 
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that 
(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of 
the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the 
company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide 
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements.  Also, 
projections  of  any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada

March 19, 2024

106

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  and  subsidiaries  (the 
“Company”) as at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and 
cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2023 and for the period from July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022, and the related notes 
(collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, 
the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 
year ended December 31, 2023 and for the period from July 4, 2022 to December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America.  

We  have  also  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States) 
(PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal 
Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our 
report dated March 19, 2024, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to 
be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and 
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit 
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. 
Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements,  whether  due  to 
error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence 
regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used 
and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe 
that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current-period  audit  of  the  financial  statements  that  was 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material 
to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective,  or  complex  judgments.  The  communication  of 
critical  audit  matters  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the  financial  statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not,  by 
communicating  the  critical  audit  matter  below,  providing  a  separate  opinion  on  the  critical  audit  matter  or  on  the  accounts  or 
disclosures to which it relates.

Accounting  for  Equity  Method  Investment  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  –  Refer  to  Notes  2  and  3  to  the  financial 
statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company has an approximate 25% interest in Brookfield Asset Management ULC and the remaining approximate 75% interest is 
held by Brookfield Corporation. The Company has accounted for its interest in Brookfield Asset Management ULC under the equity 
method  of  accounting  as  it  is  deemed  to  exert  significant  influence  over  the  investee.  The  carrying  value  of  the  equity  method 
investment is determined based on the amounts invested by the Company, adjusted for the equity in earnings or losses of the investee 
allocated based on the relevant agreements, less distributions received and impairment losses, if any. 

We  identified  the  accounting  for  the  equity  method  investment  as  a  critical  audit  matter  because  of  the  significance  of  the  equity 
method  investment  and  earnings  impact  to  the  Company’s  financial  statements.  This  required  an  increased  extent  of  audit  effort, 
including the need to involve the auditor of Brookfield Asset Management ULC and senior members of the engagement team.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our  audit  procedures  related  to  accounting  for  the  equity  method  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  included  the 
following, among others:

107

•

•

•

•

Tested  the  effectiveness  of  controls  related  to  the  accounting  for  the  equity  method  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC,  which  includes  management’s  receipt  and  review  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  financial 
information; 

Evaluated significant judgments and estimates at the underlying equity method investment through oversight of the auditor of 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  by  obtaining  and  assessing  information  from  the  auditor  to  understand  significant 
judgments and estimates, significant findings or issues identified, actions taken to address them, and conclusions reached;

Agreed the underlying information related to the changes in the equity method investment to the audited financial statements 
of Brookfield Asset Management ULC; and

Performed  procedures  to  evaluate  subsequent  events  related  to  the  equity  method  investment  and  to  assess  their  impact,  if 
any, on the financial information, up to the date of our auditor’s report on the Company’s financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada 
March 19, 2024

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.

108

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents     ................................................................................................................ $ 
Due from affiliates  ............................................................................................................................
Other assets   .......................................................................................................................................
Investment in Brookfield Asset Management ULC   .........................................................................
Total assets     ...................................................................................................................................... $ 

Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities    ......................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates      ................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities      ................................................................................................................................

Commitment and contingencies

Equity

Common Stock:

Class A (unlimited authorized and 413,026,253 issued and 388,733,466 outstanding)     ..
Class B (unlimited authorized and 21,280 issued and outstanding)     ................................
Class A held in treasury (24,292,787 shares)  ..................................................................
Additional paid-in-capital    ..............................................................................................................
Retained (deficit) earnings     .............................................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive income     ...................................................................................
Total common equity    ........................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest   .................................................................................................................
Total equity  .......................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities, non-controlling interest and equity    ................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

9  $ 

886 
40 
2,270 
3,205  $ 

859  $ 
261 
1,120 

2,354 
— 
(649)   
403 
(35)   
3 
2,076 
9 
2,085 
3,205  $ 

1 
782 
— 
2,378 
3,161 

781 
3 
784 

2,410 
— 
(330) 
278 
19 
— 
2,377 
— 
2,377 
3,161 

109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
Operating recoveries     ......................................................................................................... $ 

2023
383  $ 

2022
37 

Expenses

Compensation and benefits   ...............................................................................................
Other operating expense   ...................................................................................................
Carried interest allocation compensation    ..........................................................................
Realized  ..........................................................................................................................
Unrealized      ......................................................................................................................
Total carried interest allocation compensation    .................................................................
Interest expense   .................................................................................................................
Total expenses     ....................................................................................................................
Share of income from Brookfield Asset Management ULC      ............................................
Net income  .......................................................................................................................... $ 

(326)   
(5)   

(24)   
(38)   
(62)   
(9)   
(402)   
470 
451  $ 

Earnings per share

Basic  .................................................................................................................................. $ 
Diluted    .............................................................................................................................. $ 

1.15  $ 
1.13  $ 

Weighted-average shares

Basic  ..................................................................................................................................
Diluted    ..............................................................................................................................

391.7 
396.5 

Comprehensive income:

Net income    ........................................................................................................................ $ 
Other comprehensive income:    ..........................................................................................
Share of other comprehensive income from Brookfield Asset Management ULC  ........
Other comprehensive income   ...........................................................................................
Comprehensive income      ..................................................................................................... $ 

451  $ 

3 
3 
454  $ 

(1) 
(35) 

— 
(3) 
(3) 
— 
(39) 
21 
19 

0.05 
0.05 

396.2 
400.9 

19 

— 
— 
19 

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AS AT
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
Balance at July 4, 2022   ................
Net income   .....................................
Share subscriptions    ........................
Purchase of treasury shares, net   .....
Capital contribution     .......................
Balance at December 31, 2022     ....
Net income   .....................................
Other comprehensive income     ........
Share subscriptions    ........................
Purchase of treasury shares, net   .....
Contributions     .................................
Distributions      ..................................
Balance at December 31, 2023     ....

Class A 
common stock
— 
— 
2,404,747 
— 
 393,749,981 
 396,154,728 
— 
— 
813,290 
(8,234,552)   

— 
— 
 388,733,466 

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

Shares of Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.

Common stock

Treasury stock

Additional 
paid-in-capital

Retained 
(deficit) 
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income

Non-
controlling 
interest

Total equity

Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

Class B 
common stock

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
21,280 
21,280 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
21,280  $ 

—  $ 

52 
— 
2,358 
2,410 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(56)   
2,354  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
(330)   
— 
(330)   
— 
—   —  
— 
(319)   
— 
— 
(649)  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
278 
278 
— 
—   —  
(4)   
— 
129 
— 
403  $ 

—  $ 
19 
— 
— 
— 
19 
451 
—   —  
— 
— 
— 
(505)   
(35)  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
3 
— 
— 
— 
— 
3  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
9 
— 
9  $ 

— 
19 
52 
(330) 
2,636 
2,377 
451 
3 
(4) 
(319) 
138 
(561) 
2,085 

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities

Net income  ........................................................................................................................ $ 
Non-cash adjustments:

Share of income from Brookfield Asset Management ULC, net of dividends     ..............
Stock based equity awards   ................................................................................................
Other expense    ...................................................................................................................
Net change in working capital

Investing activities

Acquisitions

Purchase of other assets    ..................................................................................................

Financing activities

Stock-based compensation prepayment from affiliates  ....................................................
Share subscriptions   ...........................................................................................................
Capital provided by non-controlling interest    ....................................................................
Change in due to affiliates    ................................................................................................
Distributions paid to common stockholders  .....................................................................
Share repurchases     .............................................................................................................

Cash and cash equivalents

Change in cash and cash equivalents     ................................................................................
Balance, beginning of period    ............................................................................................
Balance, end of period    ...................................................................................................... $ 

2023

2022

451  $ 

56 
6 
— 
(5)   

508 

(41)   
(41)   

104 

(4)   
9 
256 
(505)   
(319)   
(459)   

8 
1 
9  $ 

19 

(21) 
— 
1 
(1) 
(2) 

— 
— 

— 
52 
— 
281 
— 
(330) 
3 

1 
— 
1 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Supplemental cash flow disclosures
Net change in working capital

2023

2022

Accounts payable and other     ........................................................................................... $ 
Due from affiliates     .........................................................................................................
Due to affiliates      ..............................................................................................................
Income taxes paid      ...............................................................................................................
Interest paid     .........................................................................................................................
Non-Cash Financing Activities

63  $ 
(70)   
2 
— 
9 

Settlement of due to affiliates     .........................................................................................

56 

781 
(782) 
— 
— 
— 

278 

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT LTD.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  ORGANIZATION

Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  (the  “Manager”),  through  its  investment  in  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  (“asset 
management business” or the “Company”) is an alternative asset manager. The Manager is listed on the New York and Toronto 
stock exchanges under the symbol BAM. The Manager was incorporated on July 4, 2022 and its head office is located at Suite 
100, Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3 and its registered office is located at 1055 West Georgia Street, 
1500 Royal Centre, P.O. Box 11117, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 4N7.

On  December  9,  2022,  Brookfield  Corporation  (the  "Corporation")  completed  the  spin-off  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management 
ULC  (the  "Arrangement").  The  Manager  was  incorporated  for  the  purpose  of  holding  a  25%  interest  in  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC  and  to  facilitate  the  Arrangement.  As  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  contributed  certain  indirect 
wholly  owned  asset  management  subsidiaries  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC.  The  contribution  of  these  entities  was 
considered a common control transaction and was measured at historical cost. Further, the Corporation contributed a 25% interest 
of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  to  the  Manager,  and  in  exchange,  the  Manager  issued  securities  of  the  Manager  to  the 
Corporation’s shareholders at that time on a pro-rata basis.

The Manager entered into several agreements and arrangements resulting from the Arrangement, among which include:

•

•

•

The  Asset  Management  Services  Agreement  (the  "AMSA")  under  which  the  Manager  provides  the  services  of  its 
employees  and  its  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  which  pays  the  Manager  for  the 
services of these individuals on a cost recovery basis such that neither party receives financial gain nor suffers financial 
loss. Most of the Manager's employees/executives spend their time discharging their duties as officers and employees of 
the  Manager  and  towards  responsibilities  related  to  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  which  include  investment, 
corporate and other services. In addition, at the request of Brookfield Asset Management ULC, the Manager may provide 
options and long term incentive awards to its employees, which will be reimbursed under this agreement. See discussion 
of the accounting for this agreement in the Operating Recoveries accounting policy in Note 2;

The Transitional Services Agreement (the "TSA") pursuant to which (i) Brookfield Asset Management ULC will provide 
the  Corporation  and  the  Manager,  on  a  transitional  basis,  certain  services  to  support  day-to-day  corporate  activities 
(including  services  relating  to  finance,  treasury,  accounting,  legal  and  regulatory,  marketing,  communications,  human 
resources, internal audit, information technology), and (ii) the Corporation will provide, on a transitional basis, certain 
services to Brookfield Asset Management ULC to facilitate the orderly transfer of the asset management business. See 
discussion of the accounting for this agreement in the Related Parties accounting policy in Note 2; and

The Relationship Agreement under which certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation costs are 
recovered  from  the  Corporation.  See  discussion  of  the  accounting  for  this  agreement  in  the  Operating  Recoveries 
accounting policy in Note 2.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The  accompanying  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  of  the  Manager  have  been  prepared  in  conformity  with  accounting 
principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of  America  (“U.S.  GAAP”)  and  are  presented  in  U.S.  Dollars.  The 
Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies set out below. 

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates 
that  affect  the  amounts  reported  in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  accompanying  notes.  Management  believes  that 
estimates utilized in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are reasonable. Such estimates include those used in 
the valuation of investments and the accounting for share-based and performance-based compensation. Actual results may differ 
from those estimates and such differences may be material.

Consolidation

The Manager consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest and all variable interest entities (“VIE”) 
for which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it holds a controlling 
financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly 

113

impact the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from 
the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Manager determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE 
at the time it becomes involved with a VIE and upon events warranting reconsideration. In determining whether the Manager is 
the primary beneficiary, the company evaluates its control rights as well as economic interests in the entity held either directly or 
indirectly  by  the  company.  The  consolidation  analysis  can  generally  be  performed  qualitatively;  however,  if  it  is  not  readily 
apparent  that  the  company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary,  a  quantitative  analysis  may  also  be  performed.  Investments  and 
redemptions (either by the Manager, affiliates of the company or third parties) and amendments to governing documents could 
affect an entity’s status as a VIE or the determination of the primary beneficiary. As at December 31, 2023, the Manager is not the 
primary beneficiary of any VIE.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Foreign Currency

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Manager  may  enter  into  transactions  not  denominated  in  U.S.  Dollars.  Foreign  exchange 
gains and losses arising on such transactions are recorded in Net Income. In addition, where the Manager consolidates entities that 
have a non-U.S. Dollar functional currency those non-U.S. Dollar denominated assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. Dollars 
at  the  exchange  rate  prevailing  at  the  reporting  date  and  income,  expenses,  gains  and  losses  are  translated  at  the  prevailing 
exchange rate on the dates that they were recorded. Cumulative translation adjustments arising from the translation of non-U.S. 
Dollar denominated operations are recorded in Other Comprehensive Income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  represent  cash  on  hand  and  cash  held  in  banks.  Interest  income  from  cash  and  cash  equivalents  is 
recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Equity Method Investments

Investments in which the Manager is deemed to exert significant influence, but does not have a controlling financial interest are 
accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Manager has significant influence over Brookfield Asset Management 
ULC and therefore accounts for its investment under the equity method. 

The  carrying  value  of  equity  method  investments  is  determined  based  on  amounts  invested  by  the  Company,  adjusted  for  the 
share of earnings or losses of the investee allocated based on the relevant agreements, less distributions received. Under the equity 
method of accounting, the Manager's share of earnings from equity investments is included in the share of income from equity 
method  investments  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income.  The  Manager  evaluates  its  equity  method 
investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments 
may not be recoverable.

Refer to Note 3 for further details of the Manager's equity method investments.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable primarily consists of long-term compensation liabilities due to the employees of the Manager.

Other Assets 

Other  assets  include  investments  in  options  to  acquire  shares  of  the  Company.  The  Manager  has  elected  the  measurement 
alternative for equity investments without readily determinable fair values to be measured at cost minus impairment, if any. The 
carrying amount of these investments as of December 31, 2023 is $40 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there has 
been  no  downward  or  upward  adjustments  made  to  the  carrying  amount  of  these  investments  due  to  impairment  or  observable 
price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investment of the same issuer. 

Operating Recoveries

Operating Recoveries arise from the AMSA between the Manager and Brookfield Asset Management ULC and the Relationship 
Agreement between the Manager, Brookfield Asset Management ULC and the Corporation.

Under the AMSA, recoveries are recognized on a cost recovery basis such that neither party receives financial gain nor suffers 
financial  loss.  Income  generated  under  the  AMSA  relating  to  these  services  is  recognized  as  Operating  Recoveries  in  the 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on a gross basis as and when the services are performed by the Manager.

114

Under the Relationship Agreement, certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation costs are recovered from 
the  Corporation.  Income  generated  under  the  Relationship  Agreement  relating  to  these  awards  is  recognized  as  Operating 
Recoveries in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income on a gross basis.

Certain  liabilities  classified  as  share-based  awards  covered  by  the  AMSA  and  the  Relationship  Agreement  are  required  to  be 
revalued at each balance sheet date. As a result, where the revaluation results in an increase in the share-based award liability, the 
Corporation and Brookfield Asset Management ULC will reimburse the Manager while conversely, where the revaluation results 
in a decrease in the share-based award liability, the Manager will be responsible for refunding the difference to the Corporation 
and Brookfield Asset Management ULC.

Under the TSA, the Manager is responsible for the costs of transitional services provided by Brookfield Asset Management ULC 
and the Corporation. Such costs are recognized as Operating Recoveries in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
when services are performed.

To the extent that Brookfield Asset Management ULC makes payments to the Manager under the AMSA for share-based awards 
before they vest, such prepayments are recognized by the Manager as deferred income included in Accounts payable and accrued 
liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation  consists  of  (a)  salary  and  bonus,  and  benefits  paid  and  payable  to  employees  and  (b)  share-based  compensation 
associated  with  the  grants  of  share-based  awards  to  employees  of  the  Manager.  Compensation  costs  relating  to  the  issuance  of 
share-based  awards  to  senior  management  and  employees  of  the  Manager  is  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  ASC  718, 
Compensation - Stock Compensation, which measures the equity-classified awards at fair value on the grant date and expenses the 
awards  over  the  vesting  period.  Cash  settled  share-based  awards  and  awards  settled  in  a  variable  number  of  shares  for  a  fixed 
monetary  amount  are  classified  as  liabilities  and  are  remeasured  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period.  The  Manager  recognizes 
forfeitures as they occur.

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Manager  issues  share-based  compensation  awards  to  employees  of  Brookfield  Asset 
Management  ULC.  Such  awards  are  accounted  for  as  awards  issued  to  employees  of  equity  method  investees  under  ASC  323 
Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. As the awards vest, the Manager recognizes the entire cost of the awards as an 
expense included in share of income from equity method investments, as no proportionate funding by the other investors occurs 
and  the  Manager  does  not  receive  any  increase  in  its  relative  ownership  percentage  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC. 
However,  the  cost  associated  with  the  Manager’s  ownership  interest  is  recognized  when  the  Manager  recognizes  its  share  of 
Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  earnings.  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  reimburses  the  Manager  for  such  awards, 
which the Manager recognizes as income included in share of income from equity method investments in the same period as the 
associated  cost  of  the  awards.  As  such,  this  arrangement  with  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  has  no  net  impact  on  the 
Manager’s Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. To the extent that Brookfield Asset Management ULC reimburses 
the Manager for such awards before they vest, the Manager recognizes the reimbursement in additional paid-in capital. 

Refer to Note 5 for further details of the Manager's share-based compensation. 

Carried Interest Compensation Expense

Carried  interest  is  performance-based  compensation  associated  with  realized  or  unrealized  carried  interest  earned  on  the 
performance  of  investments  on  a  fund-by-fund  basis.  Employees  of  the  Manager  earn  carried  interest  compensation  which  is 
subject to both positive and negative adjustments and recoverable from Brookfield Asset Management ULC and the Corporation 
under the terms of the ASMA and the Relationship Agreement.

Related Parties

In the normal course of operations, the Manager enters into various transactions on market terms with related parties, including 
amounts in Due from/to affiliates. The Manager and its subsidiaries may also transact with entities that share a common parent. 
Amounts owed to and by equity method investments are not eliminated on consolidation. See Note 7 for further detail.

Dividends

Dividends are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements when declared.

115

Segment Information

The Manager operates as a single operating segment. The Manager's chief operating decision maker, it's Chief Executive Officer, 
manages operations on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources, making operating decisions and evaluating 
financial performance.

Earnings per Share

The Manager uses the two class method to calculate basic and diluted net income per share. Earnings for each period are allocated 
to  participating  securities  based  on  the  contractual  participation  rights  of  the  security  to  share  in  the  current  earnings  as  if  all 
current period earnings had been distributed. Undistributed losses are not allocated to participating securities that do not have a 
contractual obligation to share in losses.

Diluted net income per share reflects the impact of dilutive instruments, which are generally determined using the treasury stock 
method.  For  potentially  dilutive  instruments  that  are  also  participating  securities,  the  treasury  stock  method  or  the  two-class 
method, whichever, produces the more diluted result, is used to determine diluted net income per share. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The  Manager  considers  the  applicability  and  impact  of  all  Accounting  Standard  Updates  ("ASUs")  issued  by  the  Financial 
Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB").  ASUs  not  listed  below  were  assessed  and  either  determined  to  be  not  applicable  or 
expected to have minimal impact on the company's consolidated financial statements. 

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, which requires the disclosure of significant segment expenses that are part of 
an entity’s segment measure of profit or loss and regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. In addition, it adds or 
makes  clarifications  to  other  segment-related  disclosures,  such  as  clarifying  that  the  disclosure  requirements  in  ASC  280  are 
required for entities with a single reportable segment and that an entity may disclose multiple measures of segment profit and loss. 
The  amendments  in  this  update  apply  to  all  public  entities  that  are  required  to  report  segment  information  in  accordance  with 
Topic 280, Segment Reporting. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods 
beginning after December 15, 2024. The Manager is currently assessing the impact of this update.

In  December  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2023-09,  which  amends  the  Codification  to  enhance  the  transparency  and  decision 
usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU requires additional disaggregation of the reconciliation between the statutory and 
effective  tax  rate  for  an  entity  and  of  income  taxes  paid,  both  of  which  are  disclosures  required  by  current  GAAP.  The 
amendments improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation 
of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments in this update 
apply to all entities that are subject to Topic 740, Income Taxes. For public business entities, the amendments in the update are 
effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Manager is currently assessing the impact of this update. 

3. 

INVESTMENTS

The Manager has a variable interest in the Company, an unconsolidated VIE. It has been determined that the Manager is not the 
primary  beneficiary  mainly  due  to  its  lack  of  power  to  unilaterally  make  decisions  about  the  activities  that  most  significantly 
impact the VIE’s returns. The Manager accounts for its interest in Brookfield Asset Management ULC using the equity method of 
accounting as it has significant influence from its 25% equity interest and its ability to appoint two directors on the VIE’s board. 

The summarized financial information and results of the Manager’s equity method investment in Brookfield Asset Management 
ULC are outlined in the tables below:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Cash   ..................................................................................................................................... $ 
Investments      .........................................................................................................................
Assets      ..................................................................................................................................
Liabilities    .............................................................................................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest    .........................................................
Equity  ..................................................................................................................................

2023
2,667  $ 
7,522 
14,290 
2,825 
2,166 
9,299 

2022
3,545 
6,877 
14,087 
2,670 
1,811 
9,606 

116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Revenues      ............................................................................................................................. $ 
Expenses   ..............................................................................................................................
Net income  ..........................................................................................................................
Net income attributable to preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest    ..............
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest    ............................................................
Net income attributable to the common stockholders   .........................................................

2023
4,062  $ 
(1,546)   
2,137 
262 
36 
1,839 

2022
174 
(61) 
84 
6 
35 
43 

As  of  December  31,  2023,  the  carrying  value  of  the  equity  method  investment  was  equal  to  the  Manager’s  interest  in  the 
Company’s underlying net assets. 

For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period from December 9, 2022 to December 31, 2022, the Manager’s share of net 
income  from  the  Company  was  $470  million  and  $21  million,  respectively.  The  Manager  received  cash  distributions  from  the 
Company of $526 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The assets and liabilities recognized in the Manager’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, related to 
its maximum exposure to the loss of the Company as an unconsolidated VIE, are as follows: 

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Investments      ......................................................................................................................... $ 
Due from affiliates   ..............................................................................................................
VIE related assets    ................................................................................................................
Accounts payable   ................................................................................................................
Due to affiliates   ...................................................................................................................
Maximum exposure to loss      ................................................................................................. $ 

2023
2,270  $ 
394 
2,664 
859 
256 

3,779  $ 

2022
2,378 
4 
2,382 
781 
3 

3,166 

The Manager has not provided financial or other support to the Company during the years presented above.

4. 

INCOME TAXES

The income before provision for taxes consists of income earned in Canada. The Manager does not currently carry a provision for 
taxes as there is no tax obligation on current period net income. The Manager's equity-accounted investment in the Company is 
expected to be realized through non-taxable dividends. Accordingly, no tax provision has been recorded.

The Manager's effective income tax rate is different from the Manager's statutory income tax rate due to the following differences 
set out below:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
Statutory income tax rate  .....................................................................................................
(Reduction) increase in rate resulting from:   ........................................................................
Non-taxable amounts    ........................................................................................................
Valuation allowance      .........................................................................................................
Effective income tax rate  .....................................................................................................

A summary of the tax effects of the temporary differences is as follows:

2023

2022

 27 %

 (28) %
 1 %
 — %

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Losses (Canada)     .................................................................................................................. $ 
Valuation allowance  ............................................................................................................
Deferred income tax assets    ................................................................................................. $ 

2023

2022

2  $ 
(2)   
—  $ 

 27 %

 (27) %
 — %
 — %

— 
— 
— 

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Manager did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits related to 
uncertain tax positions.

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Manager files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of 
business, the company is subject to examination by Canadian and foreign tax authorities. As of December 31, 2023, no tax returns 
are subject to examination.

5.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The  Manager  and  the  Corporation  have  granted  share-based  compensation  awards  to  certain  employees  and  directors  of  the 
Manager,  under  a  number  of  compensation  plans  (the  “Equity  Plans”).  The  Equity  Plans  provide  for  the  granting  of  share 
options,  restricted  shares,  escrowed  shares  and  deferred  share  and  restricted  share  units  which  contain  certain  service  or 
performance requirements of the Manager or the Corporation. 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Manager granted 7.9 million stock options at a weighted average exercise price of 
$35.13. The compensation expense was calculated using the Black-Scholes method of valuation, assuming an average 7.5 year 
term,  28.5%  volatility,  a  weighted  average  expected  dividend  yield  of  4.6%  annually,  a  risk-free  rate  of  3.9%  and  a  liquidity 
discount of 25%, with a fair value of $5.26 per unit. The total fair value of the options granted was $41.3 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2023 the Manager granted 4.8 million escrowed shares at a weighted average exercise price of 
$35.13. The compensation expense was calculated using the Black-Scholes method of valuation, assuming an average 7.5 year 
term,  28.5%  volatility,  a  weighted  average  expected  dividend  yield  of  4.6%  annually,  a  risk-free  rate  of  3.9%  and  a  liquidity 
discount of 25%, with a fair value of $5.26 per unit. The total fair value of the escrowed shares granted was $25.2 million.

The expenses of the share-based compensation are recognized on the financial statements of the Manager and are summarized in 
the following table:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Expense arising from equity classified share-based payment transactions   ......................... $ 
Expense (recovery) arising from liability classified share-based payment transactions      .....

$ 

2023

37  $ 
156 
193  $ 

2022
5 
(45) 
(40) 

Management Share Option Plan

The  Manager  recognizes  any  awards  associated  with  the  existing  Equity  Plans  for  its  employees  irrespective  of  whether  the 
awards were granted by the Corporation or the Manager. Options issued under the Management Share Option Plan (“MSOP”) of 
both the Corporation and the Manager vest over a period of up to five years, expire ten years after the grant date and are settled 
through issuance of Class A shares of the Corporation or the Manager. The exercise price is equal to the market price at the grant 
date. 

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  and  period  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  total  expense  incurred  by  the  Manager  with 
respect to MSOP totaled $10 million and $1 million, respectively.

The change in the number of options during the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Brookfield Asset Management 
Ltd.1

Brookfield Corporation2

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
25.38 
Outstanding as at January 1, 2023  ......................................
20.95 
Transferred   ..........................................................................
— 
Granted     ...............................................................................
16.12 
Exercised     ............................................................................
38.89 
Cancelled     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023   ................................
24.48 
1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager options relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Manager's weighted average exercise price 
which differs from that of the Corporation. The 5.8 million remaining shares, not included in the table above, are Manager options related to employees of the 
Asset Management Company.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation's options relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Corporation's weighted average exercise 
price which differs from that of the Manager.

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
22.45 
18.54 
35.13 
14.31 
35.02 
26.57 

14,553  $ 
3,111 
— 
(2,535)   
(41)   
15,088  $ 

2,104 
(710)   
(53)   
5,758  $ 

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

3,639  $ 
778  

118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Manager MSOP granted for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the period 
ended December 31, 2022 was $5.26 and $3.50, respectively, and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with 
inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price   .....................................................................
Average term to exercise      ............................................................................
Share price volatility1
  ..................................................................................
Liquidity discount   .......................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield   ....................................................
Risk-free rate  ...............................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices of a similar or comparable entity for the prior period to the average term to exercise. 

35.13  $ 
7.5
 28.5 
 25.0 
 4.6 
 3.9 

Years
%
%
%
%

22.39 
7.4
 22.2 
 25.0 
 1.8 
 2.1 

US$ $ 

2022

2023

Unit

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Corporation MSOP granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $8.82, 
and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022                                                                                                 
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price    .............................................................................................
Average term to exercise     .....................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
      ..........................................................................................................
Liquidity discount     ...............................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield  ............................................................................
Risk-free rate      .......................................................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share price of a similar or comparable 
entity for the prior period to the average term to exercise.

Years
%
%
%
%

46.62 
7.5
 24.8 
 25.0 
 1.4 
 1.9 

US$ $ 

2022

Unit

Escrowed Stock Plan

The Escrowed Stock ("ES") shares generally vest over five years and must be held to the fifth anniversary of the grant date. At a 
date no more than ten years from the grant date, all outstanding ES shares will be exchanged for Class A shares issued by the 
Corporation or the Manager based on the market value of the respective Class A shares at the time of the exchange. The number 
of Class A shares issued on exchange will be less than the Class A shares purchased under the ES Plan resulting in a net reduction 
in the number of Class A shares issued by the Manager.

For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022, the total expense incurred with respect to the ES 
Plan totaled $20 million and $3 million, respectively.

Brookfield Asset Management 
Ltd.1

Brookfield Corporation2

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
34.84 
Outstanding as at January 1, 2023  ......................................
34.85 
Transferred   ..........................................................................
— 
Granted     ...............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023   ................................
34.84 
1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager ES relating to only those employees of the Manager based on the Manager's weighted average exercise price which 
differs from that of the Corporation.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation ES relating to only those employees of the Manager. Based on the Corporation's weighted average exercise 
price which differs from that of the Manager.

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
29.64 
29.64 
35.13 
31.62 

16,324  $ 
1,334 
— 
17,658  $ 

5,452  $ 
335 
3,251 
9,038  $ 

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Manager escrowed shares granted for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 
the period ended December 31, 2022 was $5.26 and $3.83, respectively, and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of 
valuation with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price     ...................................................................
Average term to exercise   ...........................................................................
Share price volatility1
   ................................................................................
Liquidity discount    .....................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..................................................
Risk-free rate    .............................................................................................

Unit

2023

2022

US$ $ 

Years
%
%
%
%

35.13  $ 
7.5
 28.5 
 25.0 
 4.6 
 3.9 

29.64 
6.9
 28.9 
 25.0 
 5.3 
 3.7 

1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share price of a similar or comparable 
entity for the prior period to the average term to exercise.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Corporation escrowed shares granted for the period ended December 31, 2022 
was $7.50, and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022                                                                                                   
(MILLIONS)
Weighted-average share price    .............................................................................................
Average term to exercise     .....................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
      ..........................................................................................................
Liquidity discount     ...............................................................................................................
Weighted-average annual dividend yield  ............................................................................
Risk-free rate      .......................................................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on historical share prices of a similar or comparable entity for the prior period to the average term to exercise. 

Years
%
%
%
%

34.84 
7.10
 27.00 
 25.00 
 1.00 
 4.00 

US$ $ 

2022

Unit

Restricted Stock Plan

The  Restricted  Stock  Plan  awards  executives  with  Class  A  shares  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  purchased  on  the  open 
market (“Restricted Shares”). Under the Restricted Stock Plan, Restricted Shares awarded vest over a period of up to five years, 
except for Restricted Shares awarded in lieu of a cash bonus, which may vest immediately. Vested and unvested Restricted Shares 
are subject to a hold period of up to five years. Holders of Restricted Shares are entitled to vote Restricted Shares and to receive 
associated dividends. Employee compensation expense for the Restricted Stock Plan is charged against income over the vesting 
period.

Compensation expense recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022 was $7 million 
and $1 million, respectively.

Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan

The Deferred Share Unit ("DSU") Plan and Restricted Share Unit ("RSU") Plan provides for the issuance of DSUs and RSUs, 
respectively. Under these plans, qualifying employees and directors receive varying percentages of their annual incentive bonus or 
directors’ fees in the form of DSUs and RSUs. The DSUs and RSUs vest over periods of up to five years, and DSUs accumulate 
additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on Class A shares of the Corporation and the Manager based on the market value of 
the Class A shares of the Manager at the time of the dividend. Participants may convert vested DSUs and RSUs into cash upon 
retirement or cessation of employment.

The value of these DSUs, when converted to cash, will be equivalent to the market value of the Class A shares of the Corporation 
and the Manager at the time the conversion takes place. The value of the RSUs, when converted into cash, will be equivalent to 
the difference between the market price of equivalent number of Class A shares of the Corporation or the Manager at the time the 
conversion takes place and the market price on the date the RSUs are granted. The fair value of the vested DSUs and RSUs as at 
December 31, 2023 was $531 million (2022 – $369 million).

Employee compensation expense for these plans is charged against income over the vesting period of the DSUs and RSUs. As 
these awards are liability classified, the amount payable in respect of vested DSUs and RSUs changes as a result of dividends and 
share  price  movements.  All  of  the  amounts  attributable  to  changes  in  the  amounts  payable  by  the  company  are  recorded  as 
employee compensation expense in the period of the change. For awards issued as part of the Arrangement, the mark-to-market 

120

movement in the awards is recoverable from the Asset Management Company. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period 
ended December 31, 2022, employee compensation expense (recovery) totaled $156 million and $(45) million, respectively due to 
a change in the underlying share price.

The  change  in  the  number  of  the  Corporation  DSUs  and  RSUs  outstanding  to  employees  of  the  Manager  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 was as follows:

DSUs

RSUs

Number of Units 
Tracking to BAM 
Ltd. share price 
(000's)

1,207   
190   
115   
(9)  
1,503   

Outstanding as at January 1, 2023     ...............
Transferred ...................................................
Granted and reinvested   ................................
Exercised and cancelled   ...............................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023      .........

6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Number of Units 
Tracking to BN 
share price (000's)
6,067 
747 
56 
(36)   

6,834 

Number of Units 
Tracking to BN 
share price 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average Exercise 
Price (CAD)

5,488  $ 
—   
—   
—   
5,488  $ 

6.11 
— 
— 
— 
6.11 

Basic  earnings  per  share  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding 
during the period. The Manager applies the two-class method in calculating earnings per share for each of its two classes of shares 
and  participating  securities,  based  on  their  pro-rata  share  of  earnings.  Class  A  shares  held  under  the  ES  Plans  in  one  or  more 
private wholly owned subsidiaries of the Manager are classified as treasury shares and have been excluded from the calculation of 
earnings  per  share.  The  Manager  has  certain  dilutive  securities  relating  to  outstanding  restricted  stock  and  options  held  by 
employees and non-employees and have been reflected accordingly in diluted earnings per share figures.  Basic and diluted net 
income per share of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022 was calculated as 
follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO 
DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)

Year Ended
2023

2023

Period Ended
2022

2022

Class A Shares Class B Shares Class A Shares Class B Shares

Numerator
Net income    ............................................................................... $ 
Denominator
Weighted average of common stock outstanding - basic   .........
Dilutive effect of conversion of options and escrowed shares 
using treasury stock method  .....................................................
Weighted average of common stock outstanding - diluted    ......
Net Income per Share
Earnings per share - basic     ........................................................
Earnings per share - diluted      ..................................................... $ 

449  $ 

—  $ 

19  $ 

391.7 

4.8 
396.5 

— 

— 
— 

396.2 

4.7 
400.9 

— 

— 

— 
— 

1.15 
1.13  $ 

1.15 
1.15  $ 

0.05 
0.05  $ 

0.05 
0.05 

The  following  weighted  average  potentially  dilutive  securities  were  evaluated  under  the  treasury  stock  method  for  potentially 
dilutive  effects  and  have  been  excluded  in  the  above  computation  of  diluted  net  income  per  share  attributable  to  common 
shareholders for the period presented due to their anti-dilutive effect:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND FOR THE PERIOD JULY 4, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Management stock options of the Manager     ........................................................................
Escrow shares of the Manager    ............................................................................................
Restricted shares of the Manager      ........................................................................................
Total     ....................................................................................................................................

2023
8.2 
5.0 
— 
13.2 

2022
3.4 
0.8 
0.6 
4.8 

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the normal course of business, the Manager enters into transactions with related parties by recovering or bearing the cost of 
certain  employee  compensation  with  the  Corporation  and  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  and  by  borrowing  on  its 
$500 million credit facility with Brookfield Asset Management ULC to fund short-term capital requirements.

Under  the  AMSA,  the  Manager  provides  the  services  of  its  employees  and  its  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  Brookfield  Asset 
Management ULC on a cost recovery basis. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022, under 
this  arrangement  the  Manager  has  recognized  $177  million  and  $nil,  respectively  in  Operating  Recoveries.  In  addition,  the 
Manager recovered $4 million in unrealized carried interest compensation expense from the asset management business for the 
year ended. 

As outlined in the Relationship Agreement, the Corporation is responsible for the share based awards issued by the Corporation, 
some  of  which  are  subject  to  revaluation  at  each  balance  sheet  date  and  will  also  bear  the  cost  of  the  employee  entitlement  to 
carried  interest  on  mature  funds  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  reimbursement  to  the  Company.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 2022, the Manager has recognized $206 million in Operating Recoveries and 
$35 million in Operating Expenses under this arrangement, respectively. 

Under  the  TSA,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  will  provide  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  certain  services  to  support 
day-to-day corporate activities on a transitional basis. For services provided to the Manager, costs are recorded on a gross basis in 
the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and period ended December 31, 
2022,  the  Manager  has  recognized  less  than  $1  million  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income  under  this 
arrangement.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Manager received from Brookfield Asset Management ULC prepayments under the 
AMSA  for  share-based  compensation  of  $16  million,  which  represent  deferred  income  and  have  been  included  in  Accounts 
payable  and  accrued  liabilities.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  and  the  period  ended  December  31,  2022  the  Manager 
received  from  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  advanced  reimbursements  for  Manager  share-based  awards  issued  to 
employees of Brookfield Asset Management ULC of $88 million and $nil, respectively, which has been recorded in additional 
paid-in capital. 

The balances due from affiliates related to compensation costs are presented in Due from affiliates on the Consolidated Balance 
Sheets and the balances due to affiliates are presented in Due to Affiliates. 

Due from affiliates and Due to affiliates consisted of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Due from Affiliates
Receivables related to share and cash-based compensation   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 
Other transactions with related parties      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 

Due to Affiliates
Borrowings on short-term credit facility      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 
Other transactions with related parties      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ 

2023

824  $ 
62  
886  $ 

256  $ 
5  
261  $ 

2022

782 
— 
782 

— 
3 
3 

For the year ended December 31, 2023 the Manager recorded its share of a non-cash distributions declared by ULC to the 
Corporation in the amount of $56 million within the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

In  addition,  the  Manager  purchased  options  to  acquire  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC’s  shares  for  $41  million  during  the 
year  ended  December  31,  2023.  These  options  track  certain  options  issued  under  our  Management  Share  Option  Plan  and  are 
automatically exercised at the same time and the same exercise prices as the tracked Manager options. As of December 31, 2023, 
the carrying amount of these options is $40 million, and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

122

8.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees

The Manager may from time to time enter into guarantees in respect of certain co-investments in which there is carried interest. 
The amount guaranteed is up to the carry amount paid to the general partners of the respective funds, net of taxes. In the event that 
the  general  partners  default  on  their  carry  clawback  obligations,  the  Manager  will  make  payments  under  the  guarantees.  As  at 
December 31, 2023, the Manager has not recognized any liabilities with respect to such guarantees as no carry has been paid in 
the relevant funds.  

Litigation

The Manager may from time to time be involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. The Manager’s 
business is also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against the company. As of December 
31, 2023 there is no outstanding litigation.

The Manager accrues a liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable 
and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be an exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Although there can 
be no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, based on information known by management, the Manager does not have a 
potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or in the aggregate materially affect its 
results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

9.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 6, 2024, the Board of the Manager declared a quarterly dividend of $0.38 per share, payable on March 28, 2024 to 
shareholders of record as at the close of business on February 29, 2024. 

123

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC
CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED
 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 
DECEMBER 31, 2022

124

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

To the Board of Directors of Brookfield Asset Management ULC

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated and combined financial statements of Brookfield Asset Management ULC and subsidiaries (the 
“Company”), which comprise the consolidated and combined balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related 
consolidated and combined statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for years then 
ended, and the related notes to the consolidated and combined financial statements (collectively referred to as the "financial 
statements").

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial 
Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, 
in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting 
principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal 
control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the 
aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that 
the financial statements are issued.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a 
high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from 
fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, 
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood 
that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial 
statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

•

•

•

•

•

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and 
design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate 
in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal 
control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial 
doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

125

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and 
timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

/s/ Deloitte LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada
March 19, 2024 

126

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
Assets

2023

2022

Cash and cash equivalents  .............................................................................................................. $ 
Accounts receivable and other   .......................................................................................................
Due from affiliates     .........................................................................................................................
Investments   ....................................................................................................................................
Property, plant and equipment      .......................................................................................................
Intangible assets  .............................................................................................................................
Goodwill      ........................................................................................................................................
Deferred income tax assets     ............................................................................................................
Total assets     ...................................................................................................................................... $ 

2,667  $ 
588 
2,504 
7,522 
73 
42 
251 
643 
14,290  $ 

Liabilities

Accounts payable and other   ........................................................................................................... $ 
Due to affiliates    ..............................................................................................................................
Deferred income tax liabilities   .......................................................................................................
Total liabilities      ................................................................................................................................

1,799  $ 
986 
40 
2,825 

3,545 
429 
2,121 
6,877 
68 
59 
249 

739 
14,087 

1,842 
811 

17 
2,670 

Commitments and contingencies

Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest     ...............................................................

2,166 

1,811 

Equity
Common equity (common shares - unlimited authorized, 1,635,349,629 issued and outstanding)
Retained (deficit) earnings     .............................................................................................................
Accumulated other comprehensive income     ...................................................................................
Additional paid-in capital   ...............................................................................................................
Total common equity    ........................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest   .................................................................................................................
Total equity      .....................................................................................................................................
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity    .............................................. $ 

9,014 
(178)   
168 
122 
9,126 
173 
9,299 
14,290  $ 

9,271 
84 
153 
— 

9,508 
98 

9,606 
14,087 

127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Revenues

2023

2022

Base management and advisory fees     ........................................................................................................ $ 

3,142  $ 

2,835 

Investment income

Carried interest allocations

Realized  ..................................................................................................................................................
Unrealized     ..............................................................................................................................................
Total investment income    .............................................................................................................................
Interest and dividend revenue    .....................................................................................................................
Other revenues      ............................................................................................................................................
Total revenues    ............................................................................................................................................
Expenses
Compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses

Compensation and benefits      .......................................................................................................................
Other operating expenses   ..........................................................................................................................
General, administrative and other    .............................................................................................................

Total compensation, operating, and general and administrative expenses
Carried interest allocation compensation

Realized     ....................................................................................................................................................
Unrealized     .................................................................................................................................................
Total carried interest allocation compensation  ............................................................................................
Interest expense     ...........................................................................................................................................
Total expenses    .............................................................................................................................................
Other (expenses) income, net    ......................................................................................................................
Share of income from equity accounted investments   ..................................................................................
Income before taxes      ....................................................................................................................................
Income tax expense   .....................................................................................................................................
Net income   ..................................................................................................................................................
Net (income) attributable to:     .......................................................................................................................
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated funds     .................................................................
Preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest    ............................................................................
Non-controlling interest     .........................................................................................................................
Net income attributable to the common stockholders   ........................................................................... $ 

51 
348 

399 
172 
349 

241 
249 

490 
258 
44 

4,062 

3,627 

(1,048)   
(342)   
(56)   

(700) 
(236) 
(81) 

(1,446)   

(1,017) 

(26)   
(60)   

(86)   
(14)   

(1,546)   
(129)   
167 

2,554 
(417)   

2,137 

— 
(262)   
(36)   

(61) 
(139) 

(200) 
(154) 

(1,371) 
1,090 
146 

3,492 
(627) 

2,865 

(909) 
(35) 
(6) 

1,839  $ 

1,915 

128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Net income  .................................................................................................................................................. $ 
Currency translation   ....................................................................................................................................
Comprehensive income    ...............................................................................................................................
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to:    ............................................................................................
Redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated funds      ..................................................................
Preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest   ..............................................................................
Non-controlling interest      .........................................................................................................................
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders     ................................................................... $ 

2023
2,137  $ 
15 
2,152 

— 
(262)   
(36)   
1,854  $ 

2022
2,865 
(32) 
2,833 

(909) 
(35) 
(6) 
1,883 

129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

AS AT
(MILLIONS)
Balance at December 31, 2021    ....................... $ 
Net income     ........................................................
Other comprehensive income    ...........................
Contributions.....................................................
Distributions   ......................................................
Transfer of interest   ............................................
Balance at December 31, 2022    .......................
Net income     ........................................................
Other comprehensive income    ...........................
Contributions.....................................................
Distributions   ......................................................
Transfer of interest   ............................................
Balance at December 31, 2023    ....................... $ 

Common equity

Common 
shares

Additional 
paid-in 
capital

Retained
(deficit)
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income

Total
 common 
equity

Non-
controlling
interest

Total 
equity

Net Parent 
Investment

9,715  $ 
1,831 

(29)   

3,897 
(6,143)   
(9,271)   
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
9,271 
9,271 
— 
— 
1 
(229)   
(29)   
9,014  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
122 
— 
— 
122  $ 

—  $ 
84 
— 
— 
— 
— 
84 
1,839 
— 
— 
(2,101)   
— 
(178)  $ 

156  $ 
— 
(3)   
— 
— 
— 
153 
— 
15 
— 
— 
— 
168  $ 

9,871  $ 
1,915 

(32)   

3,897 
(6,143)   
— 
9,508 
1,839 
15 
123 
(2,330)   
(29)   
9,126  $ 

—  $ 
6 
— 
92 
— 
— 
98 
36 
— 
10 
— 
29 
173  $ 

9,871 
1,921 
(32) 
3,989 
(6,143) 
— 
9,606 
1,875 
15 
133 
(2,330) 
— 
9,299 

130

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2023

2022

2,137  $ 
54 

2,865 
(1,090) 

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Operating activities

Net income  ................................................................................................................................................ $ 
Other income (expenses), net       ...................................................................................................................
Share of income (loss) from investments accounted for under the equity method, net of cash 
dividends   ...................................................................................................................................................
Depreciation and amortization ..................................................................................................................
Deferred income taxes     ..............................................................................................................................
Stock based equity awards   ........................................................................................................................
Unrealized carried interest allocation, net    ................................................................................................
Net change in working capital     ..................................................................................................................
Other non-cash operating items  ................................................................................................................

Investing activities

Acquisitions

Property, plant and equipment..............................................................................................................
Equity accounted investments    ..............................................................................................................
Financial assets and other    .....................................................................................................................

Dispositions and distributions received
Financial assets and other     .......................................................................................................................
Advances provided to related parties ........................................................................................................

Financing activities

Corporate borrowings................................................................................................................................
Contributions from parent    .........................................................................................................................
Contributions from redeemable non-controlling interests     ........................................................................
Issuance of related party loans   ..................................................................................................................
Repayment of related party loans    ..............................................................................................................
Issuance of non-operating loans to affiliates   .............................................................................................
Preferred equity issuances     .........................................................................................................................
Issuance of tracking option     .......................................................................................................................
Distributions to redeemable non-controlling interests     ..............................................................................
Distributions to common stockholders  ......................................................................................................

21 
14 
92 
33 
(288)   
(642)   
18 
1,439 

(17)   
(282)   
(4)   

84 
(256)   
(475)   

— 
— 
2 
197 
— 
— 
63 
41 
(44)   
(2,101)   
(1,842)   

Cash and cash equivalents

Change in cash and cash equivalents     ........................................................................................................
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents     ................................................................
Balance, beginning of year    .......................................................................................................................
Balance, end of year   .................................................................................................................................. $ 

(878)   
— 
3,545 
2,667  $ 

22 
13 
336 
(48) 
(110) 
(3,020) 
658 
(374) 

(13) 
(279) 
(84) 

2,082 
— 
1,706 

(1,612) 
5,155 
517 
461 
(324) 
35 
— 
— 
(1,328) 
(3,184) 
(280) 

1,052 
(1) 
2,494 
3,545 

131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Supplemental cash flow disclosures
Net change in working capital

Accounts receivable and other    ............................................................................................................... $ 
Accounts payable and other     ...................................................................................................................
Due from affiliates     .................................................................................................................................
Due to affiliates      ......................................................................................................................................
Income taxes paid      .......................................................................................................................................
Interest paid     .................................................................................................................................................
Non-cash Financing Activities

2023

2022

(200)  $ 
(26)   
(559)   
372 
171 
11 

(205) 
(30) 
4,611 
(7,396) 
291 
37 

Non-cash contribution  ............................................................................................................................
Non-cash distribution      .............................................................................................................................

42 
229 

— 
— 

132

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED AND COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT ULC

1.  ORGANIZATION

On  May  12,  2022,  Brookfield  Corporation  (formerly  known  as  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Inc.)  (the  “Corporation”) 
announced  that  it  would  separately  list  and  distribute  to  its  shareholders  a  25%  interest  in  its  asset  management  business.  The 
transaction was completed on December 9, 2022 by way of an arrangement agreement (the “Arrangement”), which resulted in 
the transfer of the Corporation's historical asset management business into the newly incorporated Brookfield Asset Management 
ULC  ("our  asset  management  business").  On  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Corporation  transferred  a  25%  interest  in 
Brookfield Asset Management ULC to Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. (the “Manager”). These Consolidated and Combined 
Financial Statements represent the activities, assets and liabilities of the Corporation's historical asset management business using 
a legal entity approach.

References in these financial statements to “us,” “we,” “our” or “the Company” refer to our asset management business and its 
direct  and  indirect  subsidiaries  and  consolidated  entities.  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC's  asset  management  business 
focuses  on  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  real  estate,  private  equity,  and  credit,  operating  in  various  markets 
globally. 

The  Company  was  formed  on  July  4,  2022  as  an  unlimited  liability  company  under,  and  governed  by,  the  laws  of  British 
Columbia. The registered office of the company is 1055 West Georgia Street, 1500 Royal Centre, P.O. Box 11117, Vancouver, 
British Columbia V6E 4N7.

We describe in these footnotes the business held by us after the Arrangement as if it were a standalone business for all historical 
periods  described.  However,  we  were  not  a  standalone  separate  entity  with  independently  conducted  operations  prior  to  the 
completion of the Arrangement.

The Company entered into several agreements and arrangements resulting from the Arrangement, among which include:

•

•

•

The  Asset  Management  Services  Agreement  (the  "AMSA")  under  which  the  Manager  provides  the  services  of  its 
employees  and  its  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  the  Company  who  in  turn  pays  the  Manager  for  the  services  of  these 
individuals on a cost recovery basis such that neither party receives financial gain nor suffers financial loss. Most of the 
Manager's employees/executives spend their time discharging their duties as officers and employees of the Manager and 
towards responsibilities related to the Company which include investment, corporate and other services. In addition, at 
the request of the Company, the Manager may provide options and long term incentive awards to its employees, which 
will  be  reimbursed  under  this  agreement.  See  discussion  of  the  accounting  for  this  agreement  in  the  Other  (expenses) 
revenues accounting policy in Note 2;

The Transitional Services Agreement (the "TSA") pursuant to which (i) the Company provides the Corporation and the 
Manager, on a transitional basis, certain services to support day-to-day corporate activities (including services relating to 
finance,  treasury,  accounting,  legal  and  regulatory,  marketing,  communications,  human  resources,  internal  audit, 
information  technology),  and  (ii)  the  Corporation  provides,  on  a  transitional  basis,  certain  services  to  the  Company  to 
facilitate the orderly transfer of the asset management business. See discussion of the accounting for this agreement in 
the Related Parties accounting policy in Note 2; and

The Relationship Agreement under which (i) carried interest generated by our asset management business is allocated to 
the Corporation at 100% with respect to mature funds and at 33.3% with respect to current funds, new funds and open-
ended  funds,  through  the  Company’s  non-controlling  interest  and  redeemable  preferred  shares  non-controlling  interest 
held by the Corporation, and (ii) certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation costs are recovered 
from the Corporation. See discussion of the accounting for this agreement in the Other (expenses) revenues accounting 
policy in Note 2.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements for periods prior to and through the date of the Arrangement were prepared on a combined standalone 
basis  and  were  derived  from  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  accounting  records  of  the  Corporation.  The  financial 
statements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  and  as  of  December  31,  2023  are  consolidated  and  combined  financial 
statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned, and is based on the financial position and results 
of  operations  of  the  Company  as  a  standalone  company.  Intercompany  balances  and  transactions  between  consolidated  entities 

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have been eliminated. These consolidated and combined financial statements reflect the historical results of operations, financial 
position and cash flows of the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. 
GAAP").  The  historical  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  of  the  Company  prior  to  the  Arrangement  presented  in  these 
consolidated and combined financial statements may not be indicative of what they would have been had the Company been an 
independent standalone entity, nor are they necessarily indicative of the Company's future results of operations, financial position 
and cash flows.

The consolidated and combined statements of operations for periods prior to and through the Arrangement include all revenues 
and costs directly attributable to the Company and an allocation of expenses related to certain Corporation corporate functions. 
These  allocated  costs  and  expenses  include  executive  management,  finance,  treasury,  tax,  audit,  legal,  information  technology, 
human resources and risk management functions and the related benefit/cost associated with such functions, including employee 
share-based and performance based compensation. These costs and expenses have been allocated to the Company based on direct 
usage  or  benefit  where  specifically  identifiable,  with  the  remaining  expenses  allocated  primarily  on  a  pro  rata  basis  using  an 
applicable  measure  of  revenues,  headcount  or  other  relevant  measures.  The  Company  considers  these  allocations  to  be  a 
reasonable reflection of the utilization of services or the benefit received.

The  preparation  of  the  Company's  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  U.S.  GAAP  requires 
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and accompanying 
notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Generally, actual experience has been consistent with management's prior 
estimates and assumptions. In many cases, management's estimates and assumptions are dependent on estimates of such future 
developments  which  may  change  in  the  future.  In  the  opinion  of  management,  all  adjustments  considered  necessary  for  a  fair 
presentation have been included in the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements.

Certain  of  the  comparative  figures  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  consolidated  and  combined  financial  statement 
presentation adopted in the current year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to 
make estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and accompanying notes. 
Management  believes  that  estimates  utilized  in  the  preparation  of  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Financial  Statements  are 
reasonable.  Such  estimates  include  those  used  in  the  valuation  of  investments  and  financial  instruments,  the  measurement  of 
deferred  tax  balances  (including  valuation  allowances),  accrued  carried  interest,  incentive  distributions  and  the  accounting  for 
share-based and performance-based compensation. Actual results may differ from those estimates and such differences may be 
material.

Consolidation

The Company consolidates all entities that it controls through a majority voting interest and all variable interest entities (“VIE”) 
for which it is the primary beneficiary. An enterprise is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial 
interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact 
the entity’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the 
entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at 
the time it becomes involved with a variable interest entity and reconsiders that conclusion upon certain events. In determining 
whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its control rights as well as economic interests in the 
entity  held  either  directly  or  indirectly  by  the  Company.  The  consolidation  analysis  can  generally  be  performed  qualitatively; 
however,  if  it  is  not  readily  apparent  that  the  Company  is  not  the  primary  beneficiary,  a  quantitative  analysis  may  also  be 
performed. Investments and redemptions (either by the Company, affiliates of the Company or third parties) or amendments to the 
governing  documents  of  an  entity  could  affect  its  status  as  a  VIE  or  the  determination  of  the  primary  beneficiary.  Assets  of  a 
consolidated VIE can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE and creditors and other beneficial interest holders 
do  not  have  recourse  to  the  Company  with  respect  to  liabilities  of  its  consolidated  VIEs.  The  Company’s  other  disclosures 
regarding VIEs are discussed in Note 4 “Variable Interest Entities.”

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Funds

Non-controlling  interests  of  unaffiliated  limited  partners  in  Brookfield  Strategic  Real  Estate  Partners  III  ("BSREP  III")  are 
presented  as  redeemable  non-controlling  interests  within  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Balance  Sheet,  outside  of  permanent 
equity as these limited partnership interests have withdrawal or redemption rights in certain limited circumstances that are beyond 

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the control of the Company, such as instances in which retaining the limited partnership interest could cause the limited partner to 
violate  a  law,  regulation  or  rule.  The  allocation  of  net  income  or  loss  to  redeemable  non-controlling  interests  is  based  on  the 
relative  ownership  interest  of  the  unaffiliated  limited  partners  after  the  consideration  of  contractual  arrangements  that  govern 
allocation of income or loss. At the consolidated level, potential incentives are allocated to redeemable non-controlling interests in 
consolidated funds until such incentives become allocable to the Company under the substantive contractual terms of the BSREP 
III limited partnership agreement. When redeemable amounts become contractually payable to the unaffiliated limited partners, 
they are classified as a liability in the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet. The Company no longer consolidates BSREP 
III as of December 9, 2023 as a result of the Arrangement. 

Redeemable Preferred Shares Non-Controlling Interest

Upon  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  the  Company  issued  various  special  tracking  preferred  shares  of  subsidiaries  of  the 
Company (“Tracking Shares”) which provides the Corporation with a redemption right, upon a liquidation or redemption event, 
to  receive  a  preferred  amount  equal  to  the  fair  value  of  carried  interest  entitlement  from  certain  tracked  assets,  net  of  any 
compensation related costs. These returns are realized through the payment of cumulative dividends, as and when declared by the 
board  of  directors  of  the  relevant  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  subsidiaries.  These  tracking  shares  are  entitled  to  vote, 
together  with  the  common  shares  owned  indirectly  by  the  Company,  in  respect  of  those  subsidiaries.  The  tracking  shares  are 
presented as preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest within the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets, outside 
of permanent equity.

The first series of Tracking Shares issued by Brookfield US Holdings Inc. ("BUSHI"), a subsidiary of the Company, provides the 
Corporation  with  economic  interest  equal  to  effectively  100%  of  the  carried  interest  earned  in  mature  funds.  This  series  of 
Tracking Shares has a redemption clause whereby the issuer, whose board is controlled by the Corporation, may elect to redeem 
the tracking shares upon the tenth anniversary of issuance. While this series of tracking shares are not currently redeemable, the 
Company considers that it is probable that the instrument will become redeemable as the redemption requirement is only through 
passage  of  time.  As  such,  the  relevant  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  recognized  outside  of  permanent  equity  requires 
remeasurement at each reporting period.      

The second series of Tracking Shares issued by Brookfield Manager Holdings Ltd. ("BMHL") provides the Corporation with the 
economic interest equal to effectively a 33.3% share of similar distributions on open-ended funds. This series of Tracking Shares 
can only be redeemed upon exceptional circumstances that cause a materially adverse impact to the subsidiary. As the instrument 
is  not  currently  redeemable  and  the  Company  considers  such  a  triggering  event  to  be  remote  and  outside  of  the  control  of  the 
entity, the relevant redeemable non-controlling interest recognized outside of permanent equity does not require remeasurement at 
each reporting period. 

In addition to the Tracking Shares, BUSHI also has class B senior preferred shares and class B preferred shares outstanding as at 
December 31, 2023, all of which are held by the Corporation. The class B senior preferred shares entitle the holder to cumulative 
preferential  cash  dividends  at  $1.36375  per  share  per  annum  and  are  ranked  senior  to  the  BUSHI  Tracking  Shares,  class  B 
preferred shares and common shares. The class B senior preferred shares are redeemable by the issuer, whose board is controlled 
by  the  Corporation,  upon  the  tenth  anniversary  of  issuance  at  a  redemption  amount  of  $25  per  share  plus  accrued  and  unpaid 
dividends. The class B preferred shares of BUSHI are redeemable at the option of both the holder and the issuer at a redemption 
amount of $25 per share plus declared and unpaid dividends, and title the holder to non-cumulative preferential cash dividends at 
6.7% per annum on the redemption amount. These preferred shares are non-voting and rank junior to the class B senior preferred 
shares  and  the  BUSHI  Tracking  Shares  and  senior  to  common  shares  of  the  entity.  Due  to  the  currently  exercisable  holder 
redemption  option,  these  shares  are  presented  as  a  part  of  preferred  share  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  within  the 
Company’s Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet, outside of permanent equity and measured at their redemption amount 
plus any dividends declared and unpaid at each reporting date. 

The  Company  recognizes  any  change  of  the  carrying  amount  of  its  preferred  shares  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  net 
income (loss) attributable to preferred share redeemable non-controlling interest in its Consolidated and Combined Statement of 
Operations.

Non-Controlling Interest of Consolidated Subsidiaries 

Upon completion of the Arrangement, the Company issued various classes of equity interests of the Company’s subsidiaries to the 
Corporation  which  have  rights  to  priority  distributions.  Net  income  (loss)  and  other  comprehensive  income,  if  applicable, 
generated by the respective subsidiaries is allocated to non-controlling interest in consolidated entities based on the substantive 
contractual terms of the subsidiaries’ governing agreements that specify the allocation of income or loss.

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Revenue Recognition

Revenue  is  measured  based  on  the  amount  the  Company  expects  to  be  entitled  to  under  the  contract  with  the  customer  and 
excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct 
good or service (or a bundle of goods and services) to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. In determining the 
transaction price, an entity may include variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the 
amount  of  cumulative  revenue  recognized  would  not  occur  when  the  uncertainty  associated  with  the  variable  consideration  is 
resolved.  A  contract’s  transaction  price  is  allocated  to  each  distinct  performance  obligation  and  recognized  as  revenue,  as,  or 
when, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a product or service 
to a customer.

Revenues primarily consist of management and advisory fees, incentive fees (including incentive distributions and performance 
fees), investment income, interest and dividend revenue and other revenue.

Management  and  advisory  fees  —  Management  and  advisory  fees  are  comprised  of  base  management  fees  and  transaction, 
advisory and other fees and are accounted for as contracts with customers.

The  Company  earns  base  management  fees  from  its  customers  at  a  fixed  percentage  of  a  calculation  base  which  is  typically 
committed  capital  or  invested  capital  or  net  asset  value.  The  Company  identifies  its  customers  on  a  fund-by-fund  basis  in 
accordance with the terms and circumstances of the individual fund. Generally, the customer is identified as the investor in its 
managed funds and investment vehicles, but for certain widely held funds or vehicles, the fund or vehicle itself may be identified 
as  the  customer.  These  customer  contracts  require  the  Company  to  provide  investment  management  services  over  a  period  of 
time, which represents a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. Management fees are a form of variable 
consideration because the fees that the Company is entitled to vary based on fluctuations in the basis for the management fee. The 
amount  recorded  as  revenue  is  generally  determined  at  the  end  of  the  period  because  these  management  fees  are  payable  on  a 
regular basis (typically quarterly) and are not subject to claw back once paid.

Transaction, advisory and other fees are principally fees charged to the investors of funds indirectly through the managed funds 
and portfolio companies. These fees are based on a fixed percentage of enterprise value or equity value of pooled capital raised 
and  are  earned  which  generally  coincides  with  when  the  capital  is  called.  These  fees  are  not  tied  to  performance  or  ongoing 
investment  management  services,  are  not  subject  to  claw  back  and  are  recorded  in  the  period  in  which  the  related  transaction 
closes.

Accrued  but  unpaid  management  and  advisory  fees,  net  of  management  fee  reductions  and  management  fee  offsets,  as  of  the 
reporting date are included in Accounts receivable and other or Due from affiliates in the Consolidated and Combined Balance 
Sheets.

Incentive distributions — Incentive distributions are incentive payments to reward the Company for meeting or exceeding certain 
performance thresholds of managed entities. They are comprised of incentive distributions and performance fees.

Incentive distributions paid to us by our permanent capital vehicles are determined by contractual arrangements and represent a 
portion of distributions paid by the permanent capital vehicles above a predetermined hurdle. They are accrued as revenue on the 
respective affiliates’ distribution record dates only if the predetermined hurdle has been achieved. They are not subject to claw 
back.

Incentive  distributions  will  not  be  recognized  until  (a)  it  is  probable  that  a  significant  reversal  in  the  amount  of  cumulative 
revenue recognized will not occur, or (b) the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. 

Performance  fees  —  Performance  fees  are  generated  when  the  Company  exceeds  predetermined  investment  returns  within 
Brookfield  Business  Partners  L.P.  ("BBU")  and  on  certain  liquid  strategy  portfolios.  BBU  performance  fees  are  based  on  the 
quarterly volume-weighted average increase in BBU unit price over the previous threshold and are accrued on a quarterly basis, 
whereas performance fees within liquid strategy funds are typically determined on an annual basis. These fees are not subject to 
claw back.

Accrued but unpaid incentive distributions and performance fees are recorded within Due from affiliates in the Consolidated and 
Combined Balance Sheets as of the reporting date.

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Investment income (loss) — Investment income (loss) represents the unrealized and realized gains and losses on carried interest 
and movements in the fair value of the principal investments.

Carried interest is a performance fee arrangement in which the Company receives a percentage of investment returns, generated 
within a private fund on carry eligible capital, based on a contractual formula. We are eligible to earn carried interest from a fund 
once returns exceed the fund’s contractually defined performance hurdles at which point, we earn an accelerated percentage of the 
additional fund profit until we have earned the percentage of total fund profit, net of fees and expenses, to which we are entitled. 
At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  the  Company  calculates  the  balance  of  accrued  carried  interest  that  would  be  due  to  the 
company for each fund, pursuant to the fund agreements, as if the fair value of the underlying investments were realized as of 
such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. As the fair value of underlying investments varies between 
reporting periods, it is necessary to make adjustments to amounts recorded as accrued carried interest to reflect either (a) positive 
performance resulting in an increase in the accrued carried interest to the general partner or (b) negative performance that would 
cause  the  amount  due  to  the  Company  to  be  less  than  the  amount  previously  recognized  as  revenue,  resulting  in  a  negative 
adjustment  to  the  accrued  carried  interest  to  the  general  partner.  These  adjustments  are  recorded  in  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined  Statements  of  Operations  as  unrealized  carried  interest  allocations  in  Investment  income.  In  each  scenario,  it  is 
necessary to calculate the accrued carried interest on cumulative results compared to the accrued carried interest recorded to date 
and make the required positive or negative adjustments. The Company ceases to record negative carried interest once previously 
accrued  carried  interest  for  such  funds  have  been  fully  reversed.  The  Company  is  not  obligated  to  pay  guaranteed  returns  or 
hurdles, and therefore, cannot have negative carried interest over the life of a fund. Accrued carried interest as of the reporting 
date is reflected in Investments on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets.

Carried  interest  is  realized  when  an  underlying  investment  is  profitably  disposed  of  and  the  fund’s  cumulative  returns  are  in 
excess  of  the  preferred  return  or,  in  limited  instances,  after  certain  thresholds  for  return  of  capital  are  met.  Carried  interest  is 
subject  to  claw  back  to  the  extent  that  the  carried  interest  received  to  date  exceeds  the  amount  due  to  the  Company  based  on 
cumulative  results.  The  accrual  for  potential  repayment  of  previously  received  carried  interest  would  represent  amounts 
previously paid to the Company that would need to be repaid if these funds accruing carry were to be liquidated based on the fair 
value of their underlying investments. This amount is estimated to be $nil for all periods presented and as a result no clawback 
provision has been recognized in these Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Fair value gains (losses) on principal investments include the unrealized and realized gains and losses on the Company’s principal 
investments, including its investments in the funds that are not consolidated and receive pro-rata allocations and other principal 
investments. Income (loss) on principal investments is realized when the Company redeems all or a portion of its investment or 
when the Company receives cash income, such as dividends or distributions. Unrealized income (loss) on principal investments 
results from changes in the fair value of the underlying investment as well as the reversal of unrealized gain (loss) at the time an 
investment is realized.

Interest  and  dividend  revenue  —  Interest  and  dividend  revenue  comprise  primarily  of  interest  and  dividend  income  earned  on 
principal investments not accounted for under the equity method held by the Company.

Other (Expenses) Revenues

Other  (expenses)  revenues  arises  from  the  AMSA  between  the  Manager  and  the  Company  and  the  Relationship  Agreement 
between the Manager, the Company, and the Corporation.

Under  the  AMSA,  the  Manager  provides  the  services  of  its  employees  on  a  cost  recovery  basis.  Expenses  incurred  under  the 
AMSA  relating  to  these  services  is  recognized  as  Other  (expenses)  revenues  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statement  of 
Operations on a gross basis as and when the services are performed by the Manager.

Under the Relationship Agreement, certain employee share-based and performance-based compensation costs are recovered from 
the  Corporation.  Income  generated  under  the  Relationship  Agreement  relating  to  these  instruments  is  recognized  as  Other 
(expenses) revenues in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations on a gross basis as the instruments vest.

Certain liability classified share-based awards covered by the AMSA and Relationship Agreement are required to be revalued at 
each balance sheet date. As a result, where the revaluation results in an increase in the share-based award liability, the Corporation 
and  the  Company  will  reimburse  the  Manager  while  conversely,  where  the  revaluation  results  in  a  decrease  in  the  share-based 
award liability, the Manager will be responsible for reimbursing the difference to the Corporation or the Company.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

U.S.  GAAP  establishes  a  hierarchical  disclosure  framework  which  prioritizes  and  ranks  the  level  of  market  price  observability 
used in measuring financial instruments at fair value. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the 

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type of financial instrument, the characteristics specific to the financial instrument and the state of the marketplace, including the 
existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices 
in  active  markets  generally  will  have  a  higher  degree  of  market  price  observability  and  a  lesser  degree  of  judgment  used  in 
measuring fair value.

Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed based on the observability of inputs used in 
the determination of fair values, as follows:

•

•

•

Level I — Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical financial instruments as of the reporting date. The types 
of financial instruments in Level I include listed equities and mutual funds with quoted prices. The Company does not adjust 
the  quoted  price  for  these  investments,  even  in  situations  where  the  Company  holds  a  large  position  and  a  sale  could 
reasonably impact the quoted price.

Level II — Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as 
of the reporting date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies.

Level III — Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and include situations where there is little, if any, 
market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management 
judgment or estimation.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the 
determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given financial instrument is based on the 
lowest  level  of  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value  measurement.  The  Company’s  assessment  of  the  significance  of  a 
particular  input  to  the  fair  value  measurement  in  its  entirety  requires  judgment  and  considers  factors  specific  to  the  financial 
instrument.

Level II Valuation Techniques

Financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy are comprised of certain equity securities.

The valuation techniques used to value financial instruments classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

•

Equity  Securities  are  valued  on  the  basis  of  prices  from  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  provided  by 
reputable  dealers  or  pricing  services.  In  determining  the  value  of  a  particular  investment,  the  Company  may  use  certain 
information with respect to quotations from dealers, pricing matrices and market transactions in comparable investments and 
various relationships between investments. The valuation of certain equity securities is based on an observable price for an 
identical security adjusted for the effect of a restriction that is embodied in the security.

Level III Valuation Techniques

In  the  absence  of  observable  market  prices,  the  Company  values  its  investments  using  valuation  methodologies  applied  on  a 
consistent basis. For some investments where little market activity may exist; management’s determination of fair value is then 
based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involves a 
significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate 
risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

Real estate investments — The Company uses both the discounted cash flow method or the direct capitalization method to value 
the real estate investments held in consolidated funds. Valuations may be derived by referencing observable valuation measures 
for comparable assets and recent market transactions, adjusted for asset specific factors. Where a discounted cash flow method is 
used, a terminal value is derived by referencing to a stabilized exit EBITDA and a capitalization rate.

Credit investments — The Company uses the discounted cash flow method to value credit investments that are not publicly traded 
or whose market prices are not readily available. The discounted cash flow method projects the expected cash flows of the debt 
instrument based on contractual terms and discounts such cash flows back to the valuation date using a market-based yield. The 
market-based yield is estimated using yields of similar publicly traded debt instruments, subject to a liquidity discount.

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Investments

Investments  include  (i)  investments  held  by  funds  which  the  Company  controls  and  consolidates  and  (ii)  the  Company’s 
ownership  interests  (typically  general  partner  interests)  in  nonconsolidated  funds  which  are  accounted  for  as  equity  method 
investments.

(i) Investments at fair value under Consolidated Funds

Investments  held  in  consolidated  funds  are  measured  at  fair  value  as  disclosed  in  Note  3.  Upon  the  sale  of  an  investment,  the 
realized  net  gain  or  loss  is  computed  using  the  weighted  average  cost  on  a  first  in,  first  out  basis.  Securities  transactions  are 
recorded on the trade date. 

(ii) Company’s ownership interests in funds accounted for as equity method investments

Investments in which the Company is deemed to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity 
method  of  accounting.  The  Company  has  significant  influence  over  certain  Brookfield  funds  in  which  it  invests  but  does  not 
consolidate.  Therefore,  its  investments  in  such  Brookfield  funds,  which  include  both  a  proportionate  and  disproportionate 
allocation of the profits and losses, are accounted for under the equity method. 

In cases where the Company’s equity method investments provide for a disproportionate allocation of the profits and losses, the 
Company’s share of earnings (losses) from equity method investments is determined using a balance sheet approach referred to as 
the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method. Under the HLBV method, at the end of each reporting period the 
Company calculates the accrued carried interest that would be due to the Company pursuant to fund agreements as if the fair value 
of the underlying investments were realized as of such date, irrespective of whether such amounts have been realized. As the fair 
value of the underlying investments varies between reporting periods, it is necessary to make adjustments to the amounts recorded 
as carried interest to reflect either a positive performance resulting in an increase in the carried interest allocated to the general 
partner  or  a  negative  performance  that  would  cause  the  amount  due  to  the  Company  to  be  less  than  the  amount  previously 
recognized,  resulting  in  a  negative  adjustment  to  carried  interest  allocated  to  the  general  partner.  In  each  case,  such  accrued 
carried interest will be recognized in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Refer to Note 3 for details in relation to equity method investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represents cash on hand, cash held in banks, money market funds and liquid investments with original 
maturities of three months or less. Interest income from cash and cash equivalents is recorded in Interest and dividend revenue in 
the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Intangibles and Goodwill

Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from three 
to  twenty  years,  reflecting  the  contractual  lives  of  such  assets.  Amortization  expense  is  included  within  General  and 
administrative in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Goodwill  is  reviewed  for  impairment  at  least  annually  utilizing  a  qualitative  or  quantitative  approach,  and  more  frequently  if 
circumstances  indicate  impairment  may  have  occurred.  The  impairment  testing  for  goodwill  under  the  qualitative  approach  is 
based first on a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s operating 
segments is less than their respective carrying values. The operating segments are considered the reporting units for testing the 
impairment of goodwill. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that an operating segment’s fair value is less than its 
carrying value or when the quantitative approach is used, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent by which the carrying 
value exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist primarily of leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, computer hardware 
and  software  and  are  recorded  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  amortization.  Depreciation  and  amortization  are 
calculated using the straight-line method over the assets’ estimated useful economic lives, which for leasehold improvements are 
the lesser of the lease term or the life of the asset, generally ten to fifteen years, and three to seven years for other fixed assets. The 
Company  evaluates  long-lived  assets  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying 
amount may not be recoverable.

139

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable includes management fees receivable from limited partners, receivables from underlying funds in the fund of 
hedge  funds  business,  placement  and  advisory  fees  receivables,  receivables  relating  to  unsettled  sale  transactions  and  loans 
extended to unaffiliated third parties. Accounts receivable are assessed for credit loss at each reporting date. Amounts determined 
to be uncollectible are charged directly to General and administrative expenses in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of 
Operations.

Foreign Currency

The U.S. Dollar is the functional and presentation currency of the Company. The Company consolidates a number of entities that 
have  a  non-U.S.  Dollar  functional  currency.  Each  of  the  Company’s  subsidiaries  and  associates  determines  its  own  functional 
currency  and  items  of  each  subsidiary  and  associate  included  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  financial  statements  are 
measured using that functional currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations having a functional currency other than the 
U.S.  Dollar  are  translated  at  the  rate  of  exchange  prevailing  at  the  reporting  date  and  revenues  and  expenses  at  average  rates 
during the period. Gains or losses on translation are accumulated as a component of equity. On the disposal of a foreign operation, 
or the loss of control, joint control or significant influence, the component of Accumulated other comprehensive income relating 
to that foreign operation is reclassified to Net income in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations. Gains or losses 
on foreign currency denominated balances and transactions that are designated as hedges of net investments in these operations 
are reported in the same manner.

Foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities of the Company are translated using the rate of exchange prevailing 
at  the  reporting  date,  and  non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  are  translated  at  the  rate  of  exchange 
prevailing  at  the  date  when  the  fair  value  was  determined.  Revenues  and  expenses  are  measured  at  average  rates  during  the 
period. Gains or losses on translation of these items are included in earnings. Foreign currency denominated non-monetary assets 
and liabilities, measured at historic cost, are translated at the rate of exchange at the transaction date.

Compensation, benefits and fund operating expenses — Compensation and carried interest compensation

Compensation — Compensation consists of (a) salary and bonus, and benefits paid and payable to employees, and (b) share-based 
compensation associated with the grants of share-based awards to employees. Compensation cost relating to the issuance of share-
based  awards  to  senior  management  and  employees  is  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  ASC  718,  Compensation  —  Stock 
Compensation. These awards are measured at fair value at the grant date and expensed over the vesting period, except in the case 
of share-based awards that do not require future service, which are expensed immediately. Cash settled share-based awards and 
awards settled in a variable number of shares for a fixed monetary amount are classified as liabilities and are remeasured at the 
end of each reporting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Prior  to  the  completion  of  the  Arrangement,  share-based  compensation  expense  was  allocated  to  the  Company  based  on  the 
awards and terms previously granted to its employees under the Corporation's share-based compensation plans. The value of these 
long  term  incentive  plans  changed  as  a  result  of  the  spin-off  of  the  asset  management  business.  In  order  to  make  award 
participants whole following the Arrangement, the Corporation and the Manager modified the strike price of the historical awards 
and issued additional Manager awards such that participants would receive the same economic outcome immediately before and 
after the spin-off. As part of the execution of the Arrangement, certain employees are now employed by the Company and any 
unvested  amounts  cease  to  be  recognized  by  the  non-employing  entity.  The  Company  assessed  the  fair  value  of  the  modified 
instruments immediately before and after the spin-off date to determine if there was any change in value and will account for the 
impact of the modification and recognizes any relevant incremental fair value generated at the time of the spin-off prospectively.

In  addition,  the  Manager  may  issue  options  and  other  long-term  incentive  awards  to  employees  of  the  Company,  and  the 
Company  may  reimburse  the  Manager  for  the  costs  associated  with  these  awards.  Compensation  costs  associated  with  these 
instruments are recorded on a gross basis in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations as the instruments vest.

Refer to Note 8 for further details of the Company's share-based compensation. 

Carried  Interest  Compensation  —  Unrealized  and  realized  carried  interest  is  performance-based  compensation  associated  with 
realized or unrealized carried interest based on performance of investments on a fund-by-fund basis. Such compensation expense 
is subject to both positive and negative adjustments.

140

Other (expenses) income, net

Other (expenses) income, net in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations includes net unrealized gains (losses) 
resulting  from  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  the  company’s  investments  in  common  shares  in  addition  to  investments  in  its 
sponsored funds.

Income taxes

The  Company  is  an  unlimited  liability  company  organized  under  the  provincial  laws  of  British  Columbia  and  is  subject  to 
Canadian federal and provincial income taxes.

Prior to the Arrangement, the Company's domestic and foreign operating results were included in the income tax returns of the 
Corporation.  The  Company  accounted  for  income  taxes  under  the  separate  return  method.  Under  the  approach,  the  Company 
determined its deferred tax assets and liabilities and related tax expenses as if it were filing separate tax returns.

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this 
approach,  deferred  taxes  represent  the  future  tax  consequences  expected  to  occur  when  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and 
liabilities  are  recovered  or  paid.  Income  taxes  as  presented  attribute  deferred  income  taxes  of  the  Company's  standalone 
Consolidated  and  Combined  Financial  Statements  in  a  manner  that  is  systematic,  rational,  and  consistent  with  the  asset  and 
liability method.

The  provision  for  income  taxes  represents  income  taxes  paid  or  payable  for  the  current  year  plus  the  change  in  deferred  taxes 
during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities 
and  are  adjusted  for  changes  in  tax  rates  and  tax  laws  when  such  changes  are  enacted.  Valuation  allowances  are  recorded  to 
reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.

The Company analyzes its tax filing positions in all jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as for all 
open tax years in these jurisdictions. Tax benefits associated with actual or expected income tax positions are recognized when the 
“more likely than not” recognition threshold is met. The tax benefits are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater 
than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement with the related tax authority.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within the provision for income taxes in 
the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

Related parties

In the normal course of operations, the Company enters into various transactions on market terms with related parties, including 
amounts in Due from/to affiliates. The Company and its subsidiaries may also transact with entities that share a common parent. 
Amounts owed to and by associates and joint ventures are not eliminated on consolidation. 

The  Company  has  certain  loans  and  receivables  within  Due  from  Affiliates  (Note  10)  which  are  long-term  in  nature.  These 
receivables are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at their amortized cost bases with interest recognized 
using the interest method. 

In addition to the Relationship Agreement and AMSA, the Corporation, the Manager and the Company have entered into the TSA 
pursuant to which (i) the Company agrees to provide the Corporation and the Manager, on a transitional basis, certain services to 
support  day-to-day  corporate  activities  (including  services  related  to  finance,  treasury,  accounting,  legal  and  regulatory, 
marketing,  communications,  human  resources,  internal  audit,  information  technology)  and  (ii)  the  Corporation  provides,  on  a 
transitional basis, certain services to the Manager and the Company to facilitate the orderly transition of the asset management 
business (the services, collectively, being "Transitional Services"). The Transitional Services are provided, at cost, for a period of 
three  years  from  December  9,  2022,  unless  extended  by  mutual  agreement.  The  Company  also  provides  to  the  Corporation,  as 
required  from  time  to  time  and  on  a  cost  recovery  basis,  services  of  its  investment  personnel  to  assist  in  acquisitions  or  other 
transactions undertaken by the Corporation.

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Manager  issues  its  share-based  compensation  awards  to  the  Company’s  employees.  The 
Company  accounts  for  such  transactions  in  accordance  with  ASC  323  Equity  Method  Investments  and  Joint  Ventures,  and 
recognizes the entire cost of the awards, as they vest, as compensation expense and a corresponding increase in additional paid-in 
capital. As the Company reimburses the Manager for the cost of these awards, the reimbursement is recognized as a decrease in 
additional  paid-in  capital.  As  such,  this  arrangement  with  the  Manager  has  a  net  impact  on  the  Company’s  Consolidated  and 
Combined  Financial  Statements  as  if  the  Company  had  paid  for  the  employee  compensation  in  cash.  To  the  extent  that  the 
Company  reimburses  the  Manager  before  the  associated  awards  vest,  the  Company  recognizes  the  prepayment  in  Due  from 
Affiliates.

141

See Note 15 for further detail on the related party transactions.

Dividends

Dividends are reflected in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements when declared.

Derivatives

Derivative  financial  instruments  under  ASC  815,  Derivative  and  Hedging  are  recognized  on  the  Consolidated  and  Combined 
Balance Sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. 

Purchased or written options on equity interests of several of our equity method investments that do not meet the definition of a 
derivative are recognized on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet on a gross basis as Other Assets or Other Liabilities 
within Accounts Receivable and Other or Accounts Payable and Other, respectively. These financial instruments are measured at 
fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other Income (Expense), net.

Recent accounting pronouncements

The  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  considers  the  applicability  and  impact  of  all  Accounting  Standard  Updates  ("ASUs") 
issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be 
not applicable or expected to have minimal impact on the company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, which requires the disclosure of significant segment expenses that are part of 
an entity’s segment measure of profit or loss and regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. In addition, it adds or 
makes clarifications to other segment-related disclosures, such as clarifying that the disclosure requirements in ASC 280 are 
required for entities with a single reportable segment and that an entity may disclose multiple measures of segment profit and loss. 
The amendments in this update apply to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with 
Topic 280, Segment Reporting. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods 
beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this update.

In  December  2023,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2023-09,  which  amends  the  Codification  to  enhance  the  transparency  and  decision 
usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU requires additional disaggregation of the reconciliation between the statutory and 
effective  tax  rate  for  an  entity  and  of  income  taxes  paid,  both  of  which  are  disclosures  required  by  current  GAAP.  The 
amendments improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation 
of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments in the update 
are  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2024.  For  entities  other  than  public  business  entities,  the 
amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Management is currently evaluating the impact 
of this update.  

In  addition  to  the  ASUs  identified  above  management  has  considered  the  proposal  by  the  Organization  for  Economic  Co-
operating and Development ("OECD") which has proposed a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits ("Pillar 2") that has 
been agreed upon in principle by over 140 countries. The Company operates in countries which have enacted new legislation to 
implement the global minimum top-up tax. The newly enacted legislation is effective from January 1, 2024 and there is no current 
tax impact for the year ended December 31, 2023. The global minimum top-up tax is not anticipated to have a significant impact 
on the financial position of the Company.

Correction of Immaterial Errors in Previously Issued Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements

In the current period, Brookfield Asset Management ULC identified an immaterial error which has been corrected in the current 
period. The error relates to the recognition of carried interest earned from certain mature funds. The impact of this error on the 
Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheet results in an increase in carried interest receivable of $133 million in fiscal 2022. As 
this accrued carried interest relates to funds attributable to our redeemable preferred shares, there is an increase in preferred shares 
redeemable non-controlling interest of $104 million in fiscal 2022 with the difference recognized in deferred tax liabilities and 
accounts payable and other liabilities.  

The  impact  of  the  above  error  to  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statements  of  Operations  results  in  an  increase  in  carried 
interest revenue of $1 million and an increase in other revenue of $16 million in fiscal 2022, with an increase in compensation 
expense by $8 million, income tax expense by $2 million as well as net income attributable to preferred share redeemable non-
controlling interest by $7 million for fiscal 2022. The impact to net income is $7 million in fiscal 2022, and has no impact to net 
income  attributable  to  common  stockholders  and  no  impact  on  BAM  ULC's  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statements  of 
Comprehensive Income, and Consolidated and Combined Statements of Cash flows.

142

The comparative figures have not been corrected to reflect the correction of this immaterial error. 

3. 

INVESTMENTS

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
  Common shares (a)     ........................................................................................................... $ 
  Investments in affiliates (b)     ...............................................................................................
  Accrued carried interest - mature funds (c)    ......................................................................
Accrued carried interest - new funds (c)   ...........................................................................
Equity method investments (d)      .........................................................................................
Equity interest in Oaktree    ...............................................................................................
Equity interest in other affiliates     ....................................................................................

$ 

2023

77  $ 

1,197 
1,394 
305 

4,191 
358 
7,522  $ 

2022
75 
1,309 
1,147 
124 

3,940 
282 
6,877 

Where appropriate, the accounting for the Company’s investments incorporates the changes in fair value of those investments.

(a) As at December 31, 2023, common share investments were $77 million. Common shares primarily represents investments of 
$64 million in Brookfield Renewable Energy L.P. (2022 - $64 million). Common share investments are carried at fair value with 
changes in fair value recorded on the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations in Other (expenses) income, net.

(b) As at December 31, 2023, Investments in affiliates are primarily comprised of an interest in BSREP III of $1.1 billion (2022 – 
$1.2 billion) which is accounted for as an equity investment measured at its net asset value ("NAV") in accordance with ASC 321, 
Investments - Equity Securities.   

(c)  Accrued  carried  interest  represents  the  disproportionate  allocation  of  capital  from  our  private  funds  to  the  extent  that  such 
interest  is  provided  for  in  the  relevant  fund  agreements.  Accrued  carried  interest  is  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method  of 
accounting based on the Company’s entitlement to the funds’ net assets as if all investments were liquidated at fair value and all 
liabilities  were  satisfied,  net  of  the  cumulative  amounts  that  have  already  been  realized.  As  stipulated  in  the  Relationship 
Agreement,  accrued  carried  interest  in  mature  funds,  as  defined  therein  is  attributed  to  the  Corporation  at  100%  and  accrued 
carried interest in new funds, including current funds and open-ended funds, as defined therein, is attributed to the Corporation at 
33.3%. Such attribution is achieved via Tracking Shares and non-controlling interests in some of our subsidiaries that are entitled 
to such carried interest. 

The change in the Company’s accrued carried interest for mature funds during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as 
follows:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     ............................................................................................ $ 
Changes in fund fair values    .................................................................................................
Realized carried interest     ......................................................................................................
Balance, end of period   ....................................................................................................... $ 

2023
1,147  $ 
298 
(51)   
1,394  $ 

2022
676 
600 
(129) 
1,147 

The change in the Company’s accrued carried interest for new funds during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as 
follows:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of period     ............................................................................................ $ 
Changes in fund fair values    .................................................................................................
Balance, end of period   ....................................................................................................... $ 

2023
124  $ 
181 
305  $ 

2022
— 
124 
124 

(d)    The  Company’s  equity  method  investments  include  a  68%  (2022  -  64%)  economic  interest  in  Oaktree  which  was  initially 
acquired on September 30, 2019, a 49.9% (2022 – 49.9%) economic interest in LCM Partner Group transferred into the Company 
as part of the Arrangement, a 35% economic interest in Primary Wave acquired on October 3, 2022, a 24.9% economic interest in 
Concord  acquired  on  December  8,  2023,  and  a  number  of  general  partner  investments  in  our  private  funds.  The  Company  has 

143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
significant  influence,  but  not  control,  over  the  operating  and  financial  policies  of  these  equity  method  investees  by  virtue  of 
having the ability to appoint members of these investee’s governing bodies. 

The  Company's  increased  investment  in  Oaktree  during  the  year  resulted  in  the  recognition  of  an  incremental  $141  million  of 
intangible assets related to customer relationships, which will be amortized over a period of 10 to 15 years. The Company does 
not control Oaktree due to its less than 50% of board representation and other contractual agreements that prevent the Company 
from having a controlling financial interest. 

The Company recognized in Share of Income from Equity Accounted Investments in its Consolidated and Combined Statement of 
Operations its share of earnings or losses from all of its equity method investments of $167 million and $146 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively. 

The summarized financial information of all of the Company’s equity method investments for the years ended December 31, 2023 
and 2022, is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
Investments      ......................................................................................................................... $ 
Assets      ..................................................................................................................................
Liabilities    .............................................................................................................................
Capital       .................................................................................................................................
Non-controlling interest   ......................................................................................................

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Revenues      ............................................................................................................................. $ 
Expense      ...............................................................................................................................
Net loss    ................................................................................................................................
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest    ............................................................

4.  VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

2023
64,978  $ 
69,392 
22,324 
46,606 
462 

2023
2,426  $ 
(2,806)   
(380)   
12 

2022
40,019 
44,908 
21,256 
23,168 
483 

2022
3,462 
(3,559) 
(97) 
186 

The  Company  consolidates  certain  VIEs  for  which  it  is  the  primary  beneficiary  either  directly  or  indirectly,  through  another 
consolidated entity. VIEs include certain credit focused entities within the Oaktree platform, whereby the purpose of such VIEs is 
to  provide  a  vehicle  that  allocates  our  share  of  its  performance-based  fees  between  the  Company  and  the  Corporation.  The 
fundamental risks of these consolidated VIEs, mainly include loss of invested capital and performance-based fees. The Company 
does  not  provide  performance  guarantees  and  has  no  other  financial  obligation  to  provide  funding  to  consolidated  VIEs.  The 
assets  of  consolidated  VIEs  may  only  be  used  to  settle  obligations  of  these  entities.  In  addition,  there  is  no  recourse  to  the 
Company for the consolidated VIEs’ liabilities. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not provide 
financial or other support to consolidated VIEs. 

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Cash and Cash Equivalents     .................................................................................................................................. $ 
Investments    ...........................................................................................................................................................
Other Assets    ..........................................................................................................................................................
Total Assets   .........................................................................................................................................................

2023

Other Liabilities    .................................................................................................................................................... $ 
Total Liabilities    ...................................................................................................................................................

Equity   ................................................................................................................................................................... $ 

— 
891 
— 
891 

— 
— 

891 

The Company holds variable interests in certain VIEs which are not consolidated as it has been determined that the Company is 
not the primary beneficiary. VIEs that are not consolidated predominately include investment funds sponsored by or managed by 
the  Company.  The  Company's  investment  strategies  differ  by  investment  fund;  however,  the  fundamental  risks  have  similar 
characteristics,  including  loss  of  invested  capital  and  loss  of  management  and  performance  income.  The  Company's  maximum 
exposure to loss as a result of its investments in the unconsolidated investment funds is the carrying value of such investments, 

144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
including the Company's capital interest and any unrealized carried interest. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 the 
Company did not provide any financial and other support to unconsolidated VIEs other than its obligated commitments.

The  assets  and  liabilities  recognized  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  and  Combined  Balance  Sheets  related  to  its  maximum 
exposure to loss of those VIEs of which the Company is determined not to be the primary beneficiary, the non-consolidated VIEs, 
are as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Investments    ........................................................................................................................................................... $ 
Due from affiliates   ................................................................................................................................................
VIE related assets    ...............................................................................................................................................
Maximum exposure to loss       ................................................................................................................................ $ 

2023

893 
5 
898 
898 

5.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair  value  approximates  carrying  value  for  the  following  financial  instruments  that  are  not  measured  at  fair  value  in  the 
Consolidated  and  Combined  Financial  Statements:  Accounts  receivable  and  other  (except  as  otherwise  indicated  below), 
Accounts payable and other (except as otherwise indicated below), Due to affiliates and Due from affiliates, and Accrued carried 
interest.

The following tables summarize the fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities of the Company that are measured at fair 
value as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)
Assets     ................................................................................................
Cash and cash equivalents  ................................................................. $ 
Accounts receivable and other   ..........................................................
Common shares    .................................................................................
Total assets     ....................................................................................... $ 
Liabilities ..........................................................................................
Accounts payable and other   .............................................................. $ 
Total liabilities     ................................................................................. $ 

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Assets     ................................................................................................
Cash and cash equivalents  ................................................................. $ 
Accounts receivable and other   ..........................................................
Common shares    .................................................................................
Total assets     ....................................................................................... $ 
Liabilities ..........................................................................................
Accounts payable and other   .............................................................. $ 
Total liabilities     ................................................................................. $ 

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

2,667  $ 
— 
— 
2,667  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
37 
77 
114  $ 

122  $ 
122  $ 

2,667 
37 
77 
2,781 
— 
122 
122 

Level I

Level II

Level III

Total

3,545  $ 
— 
— 
3,545  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

—  $ 
—  $ 

—  $ 
52 
75 
127  $ 

190  $ 
190  $ 

3,545 
52 
75 
3,672 
— 
190 
190 

The fair value measurement of items categorized in Level III of the fair value hierarchy is subject to valuation uncertainty arising 
from  the  use  of  significant  unobservable  inputs.  The  significant  unobservable  inputs  used  in  the  fair  value  measurement  of 
financial assets and liabilities recurringly measured at fair value are discount rates and capitalization rates. Significant increases 
(decreases)  in  these  inputs  in  isolation  would  have  resulted  in  a  significantly  lower  (higher)  fair  value  measurement.  The 
following  tables  summarize  the  quantitative  inputs  and  assumptions  used  for  items  categorized  in  Level  III  of  the  fair  value 
hierarchy as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)
Common shares     ..................................................................................................... $ 
Accounts receivable and other ...............................................................................
Accounts payable and other     ..................................................................................

Fair Value

Valuation techniques

77  See note (a) and (b)
37  See note (a) and (d)
122  See note (a) and (c)

AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2022
(MILLIONS)
Common shares      ...................................................................................................... $ 
Accounts receivable and other   ................................................................................
Accounts payable and other  ....................................................................................

Fair Value

Valuation techniques

75  See note (a) and (b)
52  See note (a) and (d)
190  See note (a) and (c)

(a) Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.

(b) Common shares as at December 31, 2023 primarily represents investments related to the Company’s $64 million (2022- $64 
million)  investment  in  Brookfield  Renewable  Energy  L.P.  which  are  being  recorded  at  fair  value  on  the  Consolidated  and 
Combined Balance Sheets. 

(c) Accounts payable and other recorded at fair value and categorized in Level III relate to a put option held by other investors of 
Oaktree and Primary Wave under which the Company may be required to purchase additional shares of these investees using a 
prescribed valuation methodology in exchange for cash, Class A shares of the Corporation or other forms of consideration at the 
discretion  of  the  Company.  The  fair  value  of  these  instruments  is  determined  quarterly  using  a  Monte  Carlo  simulation  and 
various inputs prepared by management.

(d) Accounts receivable and other recorded at fair value and categorized in Level III relate to a call option held by the Company to 
acquire  additional  shares  of  Primary  Wave  from  other  investors  of  the  investee  using  a  prescribed  valuation  methodology  in 
exchange for cash, Class A shares of the Corporation or other forms of consideration at the discretion of the Company. The fair 
value of this instrument is determined quarterly using a Monte Carlo simulation and various inputs prepared by management.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there have been no changes in valuation techniques within Level III that have had a 
material impact on the valuation of financial instruments.

The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value for which the Company has 
used Level III inputs to determine fair value. These tables also exclude financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a 
non-recurring  basis.  Total  realized  and  unrealized  gains  and  losses  recorded  for  Level  III  investments  are  reported  in  Other 
(expenses) income, net in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations.

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)
Balance as at December 31, 2022  .................................................... $ 
Net purchases     .....................................................................................
Gains (losses) included in earnings   ....................................................
Balance as at December 31, 2023  .................................................... $ 

Common shares

Accounts 
receivable and 
other

Accounts 
payable and 
other

75  $ 
2 
— 
77  $ 

52  $ 
— 
(15)   
37  $ 

190 
— 
(68) 
122 

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 
2022
(MILLIONS)
Balance as at December 31, 2021     ... $ 
Net (redemptions) purchases   .............
Activity included within earnings      .....
Balance as at December 31, 2022     ... $ 

Common 
shares

Investment 
in affiliates

Accounts 
receivable 
and other

Preferred
 shares

Loans to 
related
 parties

Borrowings 
from 
parties

562  $ 
(487)   
— 
75  $ 

6,204  $ 
(7,122)   
918 
—  $ 

—  $ 
52 
— 
52  $ 

1,557  $ 
(1,557)   
— 
—  $ 

545  $ 
(540)   
(5)   
—  $ 

4,102  $ 
(4,102)   
— 
—  $ 

Accounts 
payable 
and other
69 
121 
— 
190 

6.  REVENUE

The  Company  focuses  on  a  number  of  investment  strategies,  specifically  renewable  power  and  transition,  infrastructure,  real 
estate, private equity, and credit and other, operating in various markets including the United States, Canada, and the rest of the 
world.

146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table sets out revenue disaggregated by investment strategy.

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
Management and advisory fees, net     ............. $ 
Incentive distributions     ..................................

Infrastructure Real estate
821  $ 
265 
1,086  $ 

781  $ 
— 
781  $ 

454  $ 
111 
565  $ 

Renewable 
power and 
transition

$ 

Renewable 
power and 
transition

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022
Management and advisory fees, net     ............. $ 
Incentive distributions     ..................................

7. 

INCOME TAXES

$ 

Infrastructure Real estate
737  $ 
240 
977  $ 

800  $ 
— 
800  $ 

455  $ 
95 
550  $ 

Private 
equity

Credit and 
other

Total

279  $ 
— 
279  $ 

431  $ 
— 
431  $ 

2,766 
376 
3,142 

Private 
equity

Credit and 
other

Total

218  $ 
— 
218  $ 

290  $ 
— 
290  $ 

2,500 
335 
2,835 

The Company’s Canadian statutory income tax rate has remained consistent at 27% during the year ended December 31, 2023, 
and 2022.

The following is a summary of the Company's income tax expense.

The income before provision for taxes consists of the following: 

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Canadian     ............................................................................................................................. $ 
Foreign   ................................................................................................................................

$ 

The provision for taxes consists of the following:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Current

2023

2022

952  $ 

1,602 
2,554  $ 

752 
2,740 
3,492 

2023

2022

Canadian       ........................................................................................................................... $ 
Foreign  ..............................................................................................................................
Total provision for current tax     ............................................................................................
Deferred

Canadian       ...........................................................................................................................
Foreign  ..............................................................................................................................
Total provision for deferred tax   ..........................................................................................

$ 

84  $ 
251 
335 

26 
56 
82 
417  $ 

174 
117 
291 

29 
307 
336 
627 

147

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The company's effective income tax rate is different from the company's statutory income tax rate due to the following differences 
set out below:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Statutory income tax rate    ....................................................................................................
(Reduction) increase in rate resulting from:

Incentive distributions      ......................................................................................................
International operations subject to different tax rates     ......................................................
Taxable income attributable to non-controlling interests     .................................................
Portion of gains subject to different tax rates    ...................................................................
Other     .................................................................................................................................
Effective income tax rate    ....................................................................................................

A summary of the tax effects of the temporary differences is as follows:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Assets

2023

2022

 27 %

 (3) %
 (4) %
 (1) %
 (2) %
 (1) %
 16 %

2023

2022

Losses (Canada)  ................................................................................................................ $ 
Losses (Foreign)    ...............................................................................................................
Investment basis differences/net unrealized gains and losses    ..........................................
Deferred income tax assets    ................................................................................................. $ 

Liabilities

Investment basis differences/net unrealized gains and losses    ..........................................
Deferred income tax liabilities    ............................................................................................ $ 

—  $ 
726 
(83)   
643  $ 

40 
40  $ 

 27 %

 (3) %
 — %
 (7) %
 — %
 1 %
 18 %

24 
1,023 
(308) 
739 

17 
17 

As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  company  has  Canadian  non-capital  loss  carryforwards  of  nil  (as  at  December  31,  2022  –  $89 
million), and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $3.5 billion (2022 – $5 billion) that expire after 2026.

As of December 31, 2023, the company has accumulated undistributed earnings generated by certain foreign subsidiaries, which it 
intends  to  indefinitely  reinvest  and  have  not  recorded  any  deferred  taxes  with  respect  to  outside  tax  basis  difference  on  these 
subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits related to 
uncertain tax positions.

The Company files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of 
business,  the  Company  is  subject  to  examination  by  Canadian  and  foreign  tax  authorities.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  the 
company’s  Canadian  income  tax  returns  for  the  years  2019  through  2022  are  open  under  the  normal  four-year  statute  of 
limitations and therefore subject to examination. Certain subsidiaries’ tax returns for 2018 through 2022 are open to examination.

8.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The  Manager  and  the  Corporation,  related  parties  of  the  Company,  have  granted  share-based  compensation  awards  to  certain 
employees and non-employee directors of the Company under a number of compensation plans (the “Equity Plans”). The Equity 
Plans provide for the granting of share options, restricted shares, escrowed shares and deferred share and restricted share units 
which contain certain service or performance requirements of the Manager or the Corporation.

The expense recognized for share-based compensation is summarized in the following table:

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Expenses arising from equity-settled share-based payment transactions   ............................ $ 
Expense (recovery) arising from cash-settled share-based payment transactions    ..............

$ 

2023

86  $ 
12 
98  $ 

2022
132 
(195) 
(63) 

148

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The share-based payment plans are described below. 

Management Share Option Plan

Options issued under the Management Share Option Plan (“MSOP”) of both the Corporation and the Manager vest over a period 
of up to five years, expire ten years after the grant date and are settled through issuance of Class A shares of the Corporation or 
the Manager. The exercise price is equal to the market price at the grant date. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total 
expense incurred with respect to MSOP totaled $24 million (2022 – $26 million).

The change in the number of options during the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Brookfield Asset Management 
Ltd.1

Brookfield Corporation2

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
25.61 
Outstanding as at January 1, 2023  ......................................
21.60 
Transferred   ..........................................................................
— 
Granted     ...............................................................................
17.18 
Exercised     ............................................................................
39.87 
Cancelled     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023   ................................
28.15 
1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager options relating to only those employees of the Company based on the Manager's weighted average exercise price 
which differs from that of the Corporation.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation's options relating to only those employees of the Company based on the Corporation's weighted average 
exercise price which differs from that of the Manager.

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
22.87 
19.18 
35.13 
16.99 
35.27 
30.81 

21,828  $ 
(1,771)   
— 
(1,351)   
(239)   
18,467  $ 

5,631  $ 
(455)   
5,721 
(652)   
(276)   
9,969  $ 

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

The  weighted-average  grant  date  fair  value  of  the  Manager  MSOP  granted  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  $5.26 
(2022- $3.50), and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
22.90 
Weighted-average share price     ...................................................................
7.4 
Average term to exercise   ...........................................................................
Share price volatility1
 22.2 
   ................................................................................
 25.0 
Liquidity discount    .....................................................................................
 1.8 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield    ..................................................
 2.1 
Risk-free rate    .............................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share prices over a similar period to the 
average term to exercise.

35.13  $ 
7.5 
 28.5 
 25.0 
 4.6 
 3.9 

US$ $ 
Years  
%
%
%
%

2022

2023

Unit

The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Corporation MSOP granted for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $8.82, 
and was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
46.62 
Weighted-average share price    .............................................................................................
7.5
Average term to exercise     .....................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
 24.8 
      ..........................................................................................................
 25.0 
Liquidity discount     ...............................................................................................................
 1.4 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield  ............................................................................
 1.9 
Risk-free rate      .......................................................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with Brookfield Corporation's historical share price over a similar period to the 
average term to exercise.

Years
%
%
%
%

US$ $ 

2022

Unit

Escrowed Stock Plan

Under  the  Escrowed  Stock  ("ES")  Plans,  executives  are  granted  common  shares  (the  “ES  Shares”)  in  one  or  more  private 
escrowed companies that own Class A shares of the Manager and the Corporation. The ES Shares generally vest over five years 

149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
and must be held to the fifth anniversary of the grant date. At a date no more than ten years from the grant date, all outstanding ES 
Shares  will  be  exchanged  for  Class  A  shares  issued  by  the  Corporation  or  the  Manager  based  on  the  increase  in  market  value 
between the date of grant and date of exercise of the respective Class A shares at the time of the exchange. An equal number of 
Class  A  shares  held  in  the  private  escrow  companies  will  be  cancelled  such  that  the  issuance  of  shares  to  employees  is  non-
dilutive. In general, the shares issued on exchange will be less than the Class A shares purchased under the ES Plan resulting in a 
net  reduction  in  the  number  of  Class  A  shares  issued.  For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  total  expense  incurred  with 
respect to the ES Plan totaled $14 million (2022 – $51 million).

The changes in the number of ES shares during 2023 were as follows:

Brookfield Asset Management 
Ltd.1

Brookfield Corporation2

Outstanding as at January 1, 2023  ......................................
Transferred   ..........................................................................
Granted     ...............................................................................
Cancelled     ............................................................................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023   ................................

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
29.64 
29.64 
35.13 
— 
32.18 

2,361  $ 
(575)   
1,535 
— 
3,321  $ 

Number of 
Options 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price
35.23 
34.71 
— 
43.51 
35.36 

10,141  $ 
(2,299)   
— 
(15)  —  
$ 
7,827  $ 32.18 

1 - Represents the continuity of the Manager ES relating to only those employees of the Company based on the Manager's weighted average exercise price 
which differs from that of the Corporation.
2 - Represents the continuity of the Corporation ES relating to only those employees of the Company. based on the Corporation's weighted average exercise 
price which differs from that of the Manager.

The  weighted-average  grant  date  fair  value  of  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd.  escrowed  shares  granted  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023 was $5.26 (2022 – $3.83), and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of valuation with inputs to the 
model as follows:

Unit

FOR THE YEAR AND PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
29.64 
Weighted-average share price   ............................................................
6.9 
Average term to exercise      ...................................................................
Share price volatility1
28.9 
  .........................................................................
25.0 
Liquidity discount   ..............................................................................
5.3 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield   ...........................................
3.7 
Risk-free rate  ......................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with the Corporation's historical share prices over a similar period to the average 
term to exercise.          

35.13  $ 
7.5 
 28.5 
 25.0 
 4.6 
 3.9 

US$ $ 
Years  
%
%
%
%

2023

2022

The weighted-average grant date fair value of Brookfield Corporation escrowed shares granted for the year ended December 31, 
2022 was $7.66, and was determined using the Black-Scholes model of valuation with inputs to the model as follows:

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
(MILLIONS)
36.28 
Weighted-average share price    .............................................................................................
7.2 
Average term to exercise     .....................................................................................................
Share price volatility1
26.7 
      ..........................................................................................................
25.0 
Liquidity discount     ...............................................................................................................
1.0 
Weighted-average annual dividend yield  ............................................................................
3.7 
Risk-free rate      .......................................................................................................................
1 - Share price volatility was determined based on implied volatilities consistent with the Corporation's historical share prices over a similar period to the average 
term to exercise.          

US$ $ 
Years  
%  
%  
%  
%  

2022

Unit

150

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted Stock Plan

The  Restricted  Stock  Plan  awards  executives  with  Class  A  shares  of  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  purchased  on  the  open 
market (“Restricted Shares”). Under the Restricted Stock Plan, Restricted Shares awarded vest over a period of up to five years, 
except for Restricted Shares awarded in lieu of a cash bonus, which may vest immediately. Vested and unvested Restricted Shares 
are subject to a hold period of up to five years. Holders of Restricted Shares are entitled to vote Restricted Shares and to receive 
associated dividends. Employee compensation expense for the Restricted Stock Plan is charged against income over the vesting 
period.

Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $48 million (2022 – $55 million).

Deferred Share Unit Plan and Restricted Share Unit Plan

The Deferred Share Unit ("DSU") Plan and Restricted Share Unit ("RSU") Plan provides for the issuance of DSUs and RSUs, 
respectively. Under these plans, qualifying employees and directors receive varying percentages of their annual incentive bonus or 
directors’ fees in the form of DSUs and RSUs. The DSUs and RSUs vest over periods of up to five years, and DSUs accumulate 
additional DSUs at the same rate as dividends on Class A shares of the Corporation and the Manager based on the market value of 
the Class A shares at the time of the dividend. Participants are not allowed to convert DSUs and RSUs into cash until retirement 
or cessation of employment.

The value of the DSUs, when converted to cash, will be equivalent to the market value of the Class A shares of the Corporation 
and the Manager at the time the conversion takes place. The value of the RSUs, when converted into cash, will be equivalent to 
the difference between the market price of equivalent number of Class A shares of the Corporation or the Manager at the time the 
conversion takes place and the market price on the date the RSUs are granted. The fair value of the vested DSUs and RSUs as at 
December 31, 2023 was $181 million (2022 – $168 million).

Employee compensation expense for these plans is charged against net income over the vesting period of the DSUs and RSUs. 
For  those  awards  issued  as  part  of  the  Arrangement,  the  mark-to-market  movement  is  recoverable  from  the  Corporation.  The 
amount  payable  in  respect  of  vested  DSUs  and  RSUs  changes  as  a  result  of  dividends  and  share  price  movements.  All  of 
the amounts attributable to changes in the amounts payable by the Company are recorded as employee compensation expense in 
the period of the change. For the year ended December 31, 2023, employee compensation expense totaled $12 million (2022 – 
recovery of $195 million).

The  change  in  the  number  of  DSUs  and  RSUs  outstanding  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  as  follows:

DSUs

RSUs

Number of Units 
Tracking to BAM 
Ltd. share price 
(000's)

Outstanding as at January 1, 2023     ...............
Transferred ...................................................
Granted and reinvested   ................................
Exercised and cancelled   ...............................
Outstanding as at December 31, 2023      .........

915   
(123)  
30   
(34)  
788   

Number of Units 
Tracking to BN 
share price (000's)
3,856 
(547)   
27 
(133)   
3,203 

Number of Units 
Tracking to BN 
share price 
(000's)

Weighted-
Average Exercise 
Price (CAD)

823  $ 
(253)  
—   
—   
570  $ 

3.92 
3.92 
— 
— 
3.92 

9.  PREFERRED SHARES REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

In December 2022, at the time of the spin-off, BUSHI and BMHL, subsidiaries of the Company, entered into arrangements with 
the  Corporation  whereby  BUSHI  and  BMHL  issued  preferred  shares  to  the  Corporation  in  exchange  for  the  Corporation's 
holdings in BUSHI's and BMHL's common shares. 

The  preferred  shares,  which  we  also  refer  to  as  tracking  shares,  represent  a  class  of  ownership  senior  to  common  stock  and 
subordinate to debt and are entitled to quarterly dividends when declared by BUSHI and BMHL. The BUSHI preferred shares are 
redeemable at the option of the issuer, whose board is controlled by the holder, after 10 years and the BMHL preferred shares are 
redeemable  when  a  redemption  triggering  event  has  occurred.  As  the  Company  does  not  solely  control  the  redemption  event, 
these preferred shares are accounted for as redeemable non-controlling interests.

In addition to the tracking shares, BUSHI has also issued class B senior preferred shares and class B preferred shares. The class B 
senior  preferred  shares  entitle  the  holder  to  cumulative  preferential  cash  dividends  at  $1.36375  per  share  per  annum  and  are 

151

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ranked  senior  to  the  Tracking  Shares,  class  B  preferred  shares  and  common  shares.  The  class  B  senior  preferred  shares  are 
redeemable by the issuer, whose board is controlled by the Corporation, upon the tenth anniversary of issuance at a redemption 
amount of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividend. The class B preferred shares are redeemable at the option of both the 
holder and the issuer at $25 per share (the redemption amount) plus unpaid dividends. These preferred shares are non-voting and 
rank  junior  to  the  BUSHI  tracking  shares  and  senior  to  common  shares  of  the  entity,  and  are  entitled  to  non-cumulative  cash 
dividends at 6.7% per annum on their redemption amount.  

The  Company  accounts  for  the  changes  in  the  value  of  the  redeemable  non-controlling  interest  in  accordance  with  ASC  480, 
Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The Company elects for the BUSHI tracking shares and class B senior preferred shares to 
recognize  changes  in  the  redemption  value  immediately  as  they  occur  and  adjust  the  carrying  amount  to  equal  the  redemption 
value  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period.  As  the  BMHL  tracking  shares  are  not  currently  redeemable  and  management  has 
determined  that  it  is  not  probable  that  the  instrument  will  become  redeemable  no  subsequent  adjustment  in  the  value  of  the 
preferred shares is expected. The BUSHI class B preferred shares are currently redeemable and are therefore measured at their 
redemption  amount  at  each  reporting  date.  However,  no  adjustment  to  the  carrying  value  of  the  class  B  preferred  shares  is 
expected as dividends declared are expected to be paid on or prior to each reporting date. 

The Company had 100 BUSHI Tracking Shares and 100 BMHL Tracking Shares outstanding as at December 31, 2023 with a 
carrying value equal to redemption value of $2.2 billion and $nil, respectively. In addition, the company had 1,621,093 BUSHI 
class  B  senior  preferred  shares  and  2,520,571  BUSHI  class  B  preferred  shares  outstanding  as  at  December  31,  2023  with  a 
carrying value equal to their redemption value of $41 million and $63 million, respectively. 

The movement in the carrying value of the preferred shares redeemable non-controlling interest is as follows:

AS AT AND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023
(MILLIONS)
Opening balance    ................................................................................................................. $ 
Net issuances      ........................................................................................................................
Changes in redemption value included in net income attributable to preferred shares non-
controlling interest    ................................................................................................................
Balance as at December 31, 2023       ...................................................................................... $ 

10.  ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND OTHER

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Accounts receivable    ............................................................................................................ $ 
Prepaid expenses    .................................................................................................................
Other assets      .........................................................................................................................

$ 

Other assets is primarily comprised of tax recoveries not yet collected.

11.  ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND OTHER

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Accounts payable   ................................................................................................................ $ 
Accrued liabilities    ...............................................................................................................
Other liabilities    ....................................................................................................................

$ 

Other liabilities are primarily comprised of current taxes payable and accrued bonuses.

12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Property, plant, and equipment    ........................................................................................... $ 
Leasehold improvements  .....................................................................................................

$ 

2023
1,811  $ 
93 

262 
2,166  $ 

2023
278  $ 
124 
186 
588  $ 

2023
537  $ 
774 
488 
1,799  $ 

2023

33  $ 
40 
73  $ 

2022
— 
1,776 

35 
1,811 

2022
245 
61 
123 
429 

2022
376 
991 
475 
1,842 

2022
24 
44 
68 

152

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The carrying value of Goodwill was $251 million as of December 31, 2023 ($249 million - 2022). 

Intangible assets, net consists of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Contractual customer relationships   ..................................................................................... $ 
Accumulated amortization and impairment     ........................................................................
Intangible assets, net   ........................................................................................................... $ 

Changes in intangible assets, net consists of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Balance, beginning of year  ................................................................................................. $ 
Amortization    ......................................................................................................................
Impairment and other     .........................................................................................................
Balance, end of year ........................................................................................................... $ 

2023
155  $ 
(113)   
42  $ 

2023

59  $ 
(3)   
(14)   
42  $ 

2022
82 
(23) 
59 

2022
64 
(2) 
(3) 
59 

Intangible  assets  consist  of  acquired  contractual  rights  to  earn  future  fee  income,  which  have  a  weighted-average  amortization 
period  of  6  years  as  well  as  indefinite  life  intangible  assets.  Amortization  of  intangible  assets  held  at  December  31,  2023  is 
expected to be $3 million, $3 million, $2 million, $2 million, and $2 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2024, 
2025, 2026, 2027 and 2028, respectively. 

In accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, management has performed an annual impairment assessment of 
goodwill.  In  each  instance  the  fair  value  was  found  to  be  in  excess  of  the  carrying  value  of  the  relevant  reporting  unit.  In  one 
instance  a  goodwill  balance  of  Public  Securities  Group  Holdings  LLC,  associated  with  historical  acquisitions  was  identified  as 
having  a  carrying  value  in  excess  of  fair  value  by  $13  million  which  has  been  recognized  as  an  impairment  recorded  in  Other 
(expenses) income, net in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations.

In addition, an assessment of impairment was performed with respect to certain intangible assets and it was found that the fair 
value of certain contractual customer relationships was less than the carrying value. As a result an impairment of $13 million has 
been recorded in Other (expenses) income, net in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations.

The  fair  value  of  the  reporting  units  for  both  goodwill  and  intangibles  was  determined  utilizing  a  discounted  cashflow  model 
along with inputs from assessing multiples of publicly traded companies.

The  key  assumptions  used  in  the  calculation  of  fair  value  included  assumptions  on  growth  rates,  effective  tax  rates,  operating 
margins,  and  the  weighted  average  cost  of  capital,  ("WACC").  Specifically,  we  calculated  the  residual  value  by  dividing  the 
residual free cash flow by a capitalization rate equal to the WACC 15.5% (2022 – 15.5%) minus the expected long-term growth 
rate of the free cash flows 3.0% (2022 - 3.0%). No significant changes have occurred since the impairment test was performed.

14. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
Cash and bank balances ....................................................................................................... $ 
Cash equivalents    ..................................................................................................................

$ 

2023
184  $ 

2,483 
2,667  $ 

2022
272 
3,273 
3,545 

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value. Cash equivalents comprise of a deposit with the 
Corporation of $2.5 billion (2022- $3.3 billion).

15.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In  the  normal  course  of  business,  the  Company  entered  into  transactions  with  related  parties  and  derived  the  majority  of  its 
revenue  from  the  provision  of  asset  management  services  to  the  Corporation  along  with  its  subsidiaries  and  operating  entities. 
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $3.5 billion of revenues derived from related party transactions 
on its Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations (2022 – $3.2 billion).

153

 
 
 
 
 
In the normal course of business, the Company entered into transactions with related parties by providing and borrowing on short-
term credit facilities, working capital facilities, as well as unsecured loans. The balances due and from these facilities as well as 
those amounts due and from share-based compensation recharge and recovery arrangements are recorded as Due from affiliates 
and Due to affiliates on the Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets.

Under the AMSA, the Manager provides the services of its employees and its Chief Executive Officer to the Company on a cost 
recovery  basis.  For  services  received,  costs  are  recorded  on  a  gross  basis  in  the  Consolidated  and  Combined  Statements  of 
Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, under this arrangement, the Company has recognized $177 million (2022 
- $6 million) in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Operations which includes the impacts of the fair value movements 
of  the  cash-settled  equity  instruments  provided  by  the  Manager  to  employees  of  the  Company.  The  Company  also  made  a 
$16 million prepayment to the Manager under the AMSA for share-based compensation, which has been recognized in Accounts 
receivable and other. 

As outlined in the Relationship Agreement, the Corporation is responsible for costs associated with certain share-based awards for 
certain employees, some of which are subject to revaluation at each balance sheet date, and will also bear the cost of the employee 
entitlement  to  carried  interest  on  mature  funds  either  directly  or  indirectly  through  reimbursement  to  the  Company.  Income 
generated  under  the  Relationships  Agreement  relating  to  these  instruments  is  recognized  as  Other  (expenses)  revenues  in  the 
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations on a gross basis as the instruments vest. During the year ended December 
31,  2023,  the  Asset  Management  Company  has  recognized  a  recharge  of  $142  million  (2022  -  charge  of  $12  million)  in  the 
Consolidated and Combined Statement of Operations under this arrangement. 

Under  the  TSA,  Brookfield  Asset  Management  ULC  will  provide  the  Corporation  and  the  Manager  certain  services  to  support 
day-to-day corporate activities on a transitional basis. For services provided to the Corporation, costs are recorded on a gross basis 
in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Corporation has recognized $14 million 
(2022 - $nil) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations under this arrangement.

The Company also issued to the Manager options to acquire the Company's shares, which are accounted for as the Company's 
equity in Additional Paid-in Capital at their fair value on issuance of $41 million. These are options that track to certain Manager 
stock options issued under its Management Share Option Plan and are exercised at the same time and the same exercise prices as 
these awards. 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized tax attributes purchased from a related party of $90 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2023 the Asset Management Company declared a non-cash distribution to the Corporation in 
the amount of $229 million which has been recorded in the Consolidated and Combined Statement of Changes in Equity.

154

Due from affiliates and due to affiliates consisted of the following:

AS AT DECEMBER 31,
(MILLIONS)
Due from Affiliates
Loans to affiliates    ................................................................................................................ $ 
Receivables from affiliates related to share and cash-based compensation    ........................
Loans to related parties     .......................................................................................................

$ 

Due to Affiliates
Operating payables due to related parties     ........................................................................... $ 
Payables to affiliates related to share and cash-based compensation to carried interest  .....
Borrowings from related parties  ..........................................................................................

$ 

Due from affiliates

2023

1,654  $ 
650 
200 
2,504  $ 

659  $ 
129 
198 
986  $ 

2022

1,317 
801 
3 
2,121 

786 
25 
— 
811 

Due from affiliates of $2.5 billion (2022 – $2.1 billion) consists of $1.7 billion (2022 – $1.3 billion) of loans from affiliates which 
are comprised of asset management fees receivables, working capital facilities, and other outstanding short-term credit facilities 
provided  to  the  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries  in  the  normal  course  of  business.  Loans  to  related  parties  are  unsecured  with 
floating rates of Secured Overnight Financing Rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York ("SOFR") less 375 bps 
or a fixed interest rate of 0.14% to 8%. The Company recently issued a related party loan for $174 million with a fixed interest 
rate  of  8%.  The  prior  year  non-operating  loans  to  related  parties  are  unsecured  with  floating  rates  of  the  London  Inter-Bank 
Offered  Rate  ("LIBOR")  less  375bps  or  fixed  interest  rates  ranging  from  2.5%  –  6.5%.  Maturities  on  loans  to  related  parties 
range from 2024 to 2057. The loans were generally issued to finance acquisitions and fund commitments.

The  Manager  is  entitled  to  reimbursement  for  costs  incurred  associated  with  stock  based  compensation  awards  issued  to 
employees of the Asset Management Company by the Manager. The Asset Management Company reimburses these costs at the 
time  that  the  awards  are  issued.  During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  paid  the  Manager  $88  million  as  a 
prepayment for equity based compensation granted to the Company's employees which has been recognized by the Company as a 
prepayment for compensation expense in Due from affiliates. The Company also made a $16 million prepayment to the Manager 
under the AMSA for equity based compensation, which has been recognized in Accounts receivable and other. The Company also 
issued to the Manager options to acquire the Company’s shares, which are accounted for as the Company’s equity in Additional 
Paid-in Capital at their fair value on issuance date of $41 million. These options are options that track to certain Manager stock 
options issued under its Management Share Option Plan and are automatically exercised at the same time and the same exercise 
prices as these awards.

Due to affiliates

Due to affiliates of $986 million (2022 - $811 million) consists of amounts payable to related parties for services received in the 
normal course of business including operating expenses payable and borrowings from the Corporation under the line of credit.

16.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

On January 31, 2019, a subsidiary of the Company committed $2.8 billion to BSREP III, of which $2.1 billion has been funded as 
at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – $1.8 billion). The remainder of the commitment will be funded by the Corporation.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contractual obligations which include commitments to provide bridge 
financing  and  other  equity  commitments.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Company  had  $2.1  billion  of  such  commitments 
outstanding.

155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingencies

Carried interests clawback

Carried interests are realized when an underlying investment is profitably disposed of after the fund’s cumulative returns have met 
a certain thresholds for return of capital. When applicable, the Company records a liability for potential clawback obligations due 
to  changes  in  the  unrealized  value  of  a  fund’s  remaining  investments  and  where  the  Company  has  previously  received  carried 
interest distributions. 

The actual clawback liability, however, generally does not become payable until the end of a fund’s life. No liability for potential 
clawback obligations has been recorded associated with any of our funds as at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. 

Litigation

The  Company  may  from  time  to  time  be  involved  in  litigation  and  claims  incidental  to  the  conduct  of  its  business.  The 
Company’s businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against the Company. 
As of December 31, 2023 there is no outstanding litigation.

The Company accrues a liability for legal proceedings only when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable 
and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. Although there can be 
no assurance of the outcome of such legal actions, based on information known by management, the Company does not have a 
potential liability related to any current legal proceeding or claim that would individually or in the aggregate materially affect its 
results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

17.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated events and transactions occurring up to March 18, 2024. 

On March 1, 2024, other investors of Oaktree exercised their put option and as a result, the Company, in conjunction with the 
Corporation,  will  acquire  an  additional  4.5%  interest  in  Oaktree  in  exchange  for  total  consideration  of  $523  million.  This  will 
increase the Company's ownership interest from approximately 68% to approximately 72%. 

156

 
Shareholder Information

Shareholder Enquiries

Investor Relations and Communications

Shareholder enquiries should be directed to our Investor Relations 
group at:
Brookfield Asset Management Limited
Brookfield Place, 181 Bay Street, Suite 100
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2T3
T: 416-363-9491 or toll free in North America: 1-866-989-0311
E: bam.enquiries@brookfield.com
www.bam.brookfield.com

Shareholder enquiries relating to dividends, address changes and share 
certificates should be directed to our Transfer Agent:
TSX Trust Company
301 - 100 Adelaide Street West
Toronto, ON M5H 4H1
T: 416-682-3860 or toll free in North America (1-877-715-0498)
F: 1-888-249-6189
E: inquiries@tmx.com
www.tsxtrust.com 

Stock Exchange Listings

Class A Limited Voting Shares

Symbol

Stock Exchange

BAM

BAM

New York

Toronto

We  are  committed  to  informing  our  shareholders  of  our  progress  through  our 
comprehensive  communications  program  which 
includes  publication  of 
materials such as our annual report, quarterly interim reports and news releases. 
We also maintain a website that provides ready access to these materials, as well 
as statutory filings, stock and dividend information and other presentations.

Meeting  with  shareholders  is  an  integral  part  of  our  communications  program. 
Directors  and  management  meet  with  Brookfield  Asset  Management  Ltd. 
shareholders  at  our  annual  meeting  and  are  available  to  respond  to  questions. 
Management  is  also  available  to  investment  analysts,  financial  advisors  and 
media.

The text of our 2023 Annual Report is available in French on request from the 
company and is filed with and available through SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

Dividends

The  quarterly  dividend  payable  on  Class  A  shares  is  declared  in  U.S.  dollars. 
Registered  shareholders  who  are  U.S.  residents  receive  their  dividends  in  U.S. 
dollars,  unless  they  request  the  Canadian  dollar  equivalent.  Registered 
shareholders who are Canadian residents receive their dividends in the Canadian 
dollar  equivalent,  unless  they  request  to  receive  dividends  in  U.S.  dollars.  The 
Canadian  dollar  equivalent  of  the  quarterly  dividend  is  based  on  the  Bank  of 
Canada daily average exchange rate exactly two weeks (or 14 days) prior to the 
payment date for the dividend.

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The  Manager  has  a  Dividend  Reinvestment  Plan  which  enables  registered 
holders of Class A Shares who are resident in Canada to receive their dividends 
in the form of newly issued Class A shares.

Registered holders of our Class A Shares who are resident in Canada have the 
opportunity to acquire additional Class A Shares by reinvesting all or a portion 
of  their  cash  dividend  without  paying  commissions  through  our  Distribution 
Reinvestment  Plan.  The  plan  is  currently  not  available  for  Registered 
shareholders of our Class A Shares who are resident in the United States. 

Pursuant  to  our  Dividend  Reinvestment  Plan,  registered  holders  our  Class  A 
Shares who are resident in Canada may also elect to receive their dividends in 
the form of newly issued Class A Shares at a price equal to the volume weighted 
average price (in U.S. dollars) at which board lots of Class A Shares have traded 
on the NYSE based on the average closing price during each of the five trading 
days immediately preceding the relevant Investment Date on which at least one 
board lot of Class A Shares has traded, as reported by the NYSE. multiplied by 
an  exchange  factor  which  is  calculated  as  the  average  daily  exchange  rate  as 
reported  by  the  Bank  of  Canada  during  each  of  the  five  trading  days 
immediately preceding the relevant Investment Date.

Further details on the Dividend Reinvestment Plan and a Participation Form can 
be obtained from our Toronto office, our transfer agent or from our website.

1 “Investment Date” means each dividend payment date upon which cash dividends paid on all Class A Shares registered in the name of a shareholder, net of any 
applicable withholding taxes, are reinvested.

Dividend Record and Payment Dates
Security1

Record Date2

Payment Date3

Class A 

Last day of February, May, August and November

Last day of March, June, September and December

1.    All dividend payments are subject to declaration by the Board of Directors.
2.    If the Record Date is not a business day, the Record Date will be the previous business day.
3.    If the Payment Date is not a business day, the Payment Date will be the previous business day.

157

 
Board of Directors and Officers

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MARK CARNEY
Chair of the Board and Head of 
Transition Investing of Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd.

OLIVIA GARFIELD
Chief Executive Officer of Severn 
Trent, a FTSE 100 water utilities 
company.
BRIAN W. KINGSTON
Managing Partner and Chief 
Executive Officer of Real Estate of 
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

DIANA NOBLE
Founder of Kirkos Partners.

MARCEL R. COUTU
Corporate Director

NILI GILBERT
Vice Chairwoman of Carbon Direct 
LLC, a leader in scaling carbon 
management.
ALLISON KIRKBY
Chief Executive Officer of BT Group 
plc, a leading UK provider of digital 
infrastructure and communication 
services.
SAMUEL J.B. POLLOCK
Managing Partner and Chief 
Executive Officer of Infrastructure of 
Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.

BRUCE FLATT
Chief Executive Officer of Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd. and Brookfield 
Corporation

KEITH JOHNSON
Founding Partner and Chief Executive 
Officer of Sequoia Heritage

CYRUS MADON
Managing Partner and Executive Chair 
of Private Equity of Brookfield Asset 
Management Ltd.

SATISH RAI 
Senior Advisor at OMERS, Former 
Chief Investment Officer of OMERS.

Details on Brookfield Asset Management Ltd.'s directors are provided in the Management Information Circular and on Brookfield 
Asset Management Ltd.'s website at https://bam.brookfield.com

CORPORATE OFFICERS

Bruce Flatt, Chief Executive Officer 

Bahir Manios, Chief Financial Officer

Connor Teskey, President; Chief Executive Officer, Renewable Power and Transition

Justin B. Beber, Chief Operating Officer

Brian W. Kingston, Chief Executive Office, Real Estate

Cyrus Madon, Executive Chair, Private Equity

Craig W.A. Noble, Chief Executive Officer, Credit

Samuel J.B. Pollock, Chief Executive Officer, Infrastructure

Anuj Ranjan, Chief Executive Officer, Private Equity

158

BROOKFIELD ASSET MANAGEMENT

Brookfield.com

NYSE: BAM  

TSX: BAM

BROOKFIELD CORPORATE OFFICES

United States

Brookfield Place 

250 Vesey Street 

15th Floor 

New York, NY 

10281-0221 

+1.212.417.7000

Canada

United Kingdom

Australia

Brookfield Place 

One Canada Square 

Brookfield Place 

181 Bay Street, Suite 100 

Level 25 

Level 19 

Bay Wellington Tower 

Toronto, ON M5J 2T3 

+1.416.363.9491

Canary Wharf 

London  E14 5AA 

+44.20.7659.3500

10 Carrington Street 

Sydney, NSW 2000 

+61.2.9158.5100

Brazil

United Arab Emirates

India 

Avenida das Nações Unidas, 

Level 24, ICD Brookfield Place 

Unit 1 

China

Unit 01, 11F 

14.401 

Al Mustaqbal Street, DIFC 

4th Floor, Godrej BKC 

Tower C, One East 

Parque da Cidade-Torre Paineira 

P.O. Box 507234 

Bandra Kurla Complex 

No. 768 South Zhongshan 1st Road 

15º andar  

São Paulo–SP 

CEP 04794-000 

+55 (11) 2540.9150

Dubai 

+971.4.597.0100

Mumbai 400 051 

+91.22.6600.0700

Huangpu District, Shanghai 

200023 

+86.21.2306.0700

OAKTREE CORPORATE OFFICES

United States

United States

United Kingdom

Hong Kong

333 South Grand Avenue  

1301 Avenue of the Americas 

Verde 

Suite 2001, 20/F 

28th Floor 

Los Angeles, CA  90071 

+1.213.830.6300

34th Floor 

New York, NY 10019 

+1.212.284.1900

10 Bressenden Place 

Champion Tower 

London SW1E 5DH 

+44.20.7201.4600

3 Garden Road 

Central 

+852.3655.6800

REGIONAL OFFICES (BROOKFIELD & OAKTREE)

North America

South America

Europe / Middle East

Asia Pacific

Bogotá 

Lima 

Bermuda 

Brentwood 

Calgary 

Chicago 

Houston 

Los Angeles 

Stamford 

Vancouver

Amsterdam 

Dublin 

Frankfurt 

Luxembourg 

Madrid 

Paris 

Stockholm 

Dubai 

Riyadh

Sydney 

Beijing 

Hong Kong 

Shanghai 

Seoul 

Singapore 

Tokyo