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CAMP4 Therapeutics Corporation

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FY2023 Annual Report · CAMP4 Therapeutics Corporation
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2023  
Annual Report

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

d

FORM 10-K

(cid:3) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 
OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED FEBRUARY 28, 2023
(cid:4) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____  to ____ 
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 0-12182

CALAMP CORP.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
15635 Alton Parkway, Suite 250
Irvine, California
(Address of principal executive offices)

95-3647070

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

92618
(Zip Code)

REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (949) 600-5600

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

TITLE OF EACH CLASS
$0.01 par value Common Stock

TRADING SYMBOL(S)
CAMP

NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(The Nasdaq Global Select Market)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:4) No (cid:3).

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes (cid:4) No (cid:3).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 
days. Yes (cid:3) No (cid:4).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T 
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes (cid:3) No (cid:4)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial 
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. (cid:3)
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect 
the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. (cid:4)
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of 
the registrant’s executive o(cid:3)cers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). (cid:4)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth 
company.  See  the  definitions  of  “large  accelerated  filer,”  “accelerated  filer,”  “smaller  reporting  company,”  and  “emerging  growth  company”  in  Rule  12b-2  of  the 
Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer 
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised 
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes (cid:4) No (cid:4)

Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company 

(cid:4)
(cid:4)
(cid:4)

(cid:3)
(cid:4)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes (cid:4) No (cid:3)
As of August 31, 2022, the aggregate market value of shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $188.4 million. For purposes of calculating the 
aggregate market value of shares held by non-affiliates, we have assumed that all outstanding shares are held by non-affiliates, except for shares held by each of our 
executive officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders. These assumptions should not be deemed to constitute an admission that all executive officers, directors 
and 10% or greater stockholders are, in fact, affiliates of our company. As of April 24, 2023, there were 37,424,904 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on July 27, 2023 are incorporated by reference into Part III, 
Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Form 10-K. This Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

Table of Contents

PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART II
Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.

Item 13.
Item 14.

PART IV
Item 15.

Business ......................................................................................................................................
Risk Factors.................................................................................................................................
Unresolved Staff Comments .......................................................................................................
Properties ....................................................................................................................................
Legal Proceedings .......................................................................................................................
Mine Safety Disclosures .............................................................................................................

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases 
of Equity Securities.....................................................................................................................
Selected Financial Data...............................................................................................................
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.....
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk....................................................
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data...........................................................................
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure....
Controls and Procedures .............................................................................................................
Other Information .......................................................................................................................
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance..........................................................
Executive Compensation.............................................................................................................
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters ........................................................................................................................................
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ...........................
Principal Accounting Fees and Services.....................................................................................

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules ....................................................................................

Page

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10
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29
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29

30
31
31
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46
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Company Overview

PART I

CalAmp Corp. (including its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, “CalAmp”, “the Company”, 
“we”, “our”, or “us”) is a connected intelligence company that leverages a data-driven solutions ecosystem to help 
people and organizations improve operational performance. We solve complex problems for customers within the 
market verticals of transportation and logistics, commercial and government fleets, industrial equipment, K12 fleets, 
and consumer vehicles by providing solutions that track, monitor, and protect their vital assets. The data and insights 
enabled  by  CalAmp  solutions  provide  real-time  visibility  into  a  user’s  vehicles,  assets,  drivers,  and  cargo,  giving 
organizations  greater  understanding  and  control  of  their  operations.  Ultimately,  these  insights  drive  operational 
visibility, safety, efficiency, maintenance, and sustainability for organizations around the world.

Currently, CalAmp is generating data for a global customer portfolio across an installed base of approximately 
10 million devices reporting to our cloud-based platform. The magnitude and diversity of this data generation has 
played an instrumental role in the development of our flexible and scalable cloud platform, the CalAmp Telematics 
Cloud™ (“CTC”). CTC’s ability to ingest vast amounts and types of data is critical to the company’s long-term strategy 
of providing differentiated insights to customers with a wide variety of needs and use cases. The platform also serves 
as the backbone for CalAmp’s software applications, which offer user-friendly interfaces to interact with the data and 
insights  produced  at  the  edge  and  in  the  cloud.  Finally,  to  better  address  customer  needs  and  enable  a  focused 
investment strategy, CalAmp is focused on enabling partnerships with third-party organizations, integrating devices, 
services, and application features into our consolidated solutions.

CalAmp’s ability to provide a full stack solution to end-users across the globe uniquely positions the company 
to capitalize on an estimated $62 billion total addressable market (“TAM”). The market in which we compete is highly 
fragmented, with the majority of competitors serving a range of subsets of CalAmp’s addressable market. We believe 
that  this  fragmentation  will  allow  CalAmp  to  offer  unparalleled  value  through  a  consolidated  solution  set.  The 
company is focusing on transforming towards this vision by building out data-driven solutions, a robust portfolio of 
partners, and a world-class team of people.

The complexity that exists within CalAmp’s operating environment continues to be primarily driven by macro-
economic conditions, competitive markets, global regulatory environments, technological evolution, global supply 
chain complications, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other macro-political and economic factors. We believe that the 
effect that these factors have on our customers further substantiates and augments the value of our solutions. As our 
customers’ operating complexity and costs continue to rise, the deployment of advanced telematics solutions becomes 
even more imperative. To maintain or enhance market share, revenue, profitability, and customer satisfaction, our 
customers require optimally efficient operating strategies, enabled by the visibility that CalAmp solutions provide.

2

Our Solutions

CalAmp Telematics Cloud (“CTC”). Since not all customers’ needs are the same, CalAmp offers flexible 
solutions to meet the requirements of varying organizations, business processes and operational strategies.  At the core 
of the CalAmp approach is the CTC platform. This dependable and highly scalable platform seamlessly integrates 
with  CalAmp’s  edge  computing  products  to  provide  customers  detailed  information  and  insights  via  Application 
Programming Interfaces (“APIs”) or software applications built on this platform. The information captured here helps 
companies more efficiently manage their vital assets including fleet video intelligence, remote asset tracking, real-
time crash response and driver behavior scoring, among others. Customers can choose to access this information via 
intuitive  purpose-built  Software-as-a-Service  ("SaaS")  applications  and/or  they  can  programmatically  integrate 
information from CTC with their own custom in-house applications and workflows using open APIs also offered by 
CalAmp. In this way, customers who want a complete turnkey solution can quickly leverage CalAmp’s information 
and insights while those customers wishing to integrate that information into their own applications and processes can 
easily do so, also.

3

Intuitive SaaS Applications. We provide our customers with intelligent analytics and reporting solutions that 
are accessible via a single view, user-friendly interface through a SaaS-based application designed to address market 
needs. The CalAmp application is purpose-built for fleets, transportation and logistics needs, and industrial equipment, 
turning multiple data feeds from previously unconnected networks of vehicles, drivers and associated assets into clear 
and actionable insights that optimize operations, increase productivity and deliver compelling return on investment 
for  virtually  any  business  challenge.  The  applications  also  deliver  real-time  visibility  about  the  location  and 
environmental status of pharmaceuticals, electronics, food or other perishables from the manufacturing plant or point 
of origin to the point of delivery, helping to manage quality and compliance across land, air or sea shipments. Our K-
through-12 solutions include Here Comes The Bus®, an award-winning mobile application that provides real-time 
school bus location through push notifications and email alerts to help family members monitor bus arrival and keep 
students safe. Bus Guardian™ enables contact tracing and hygiene verification to keep students, drivers and other 
school staff safe amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

CalAmp Marketplace. The CalAmp Marketplace provides enhanced contextual information from third party 
systems or partners that augment the core telematics data being captured by CTC to provide customers with improved 
understanding of their business. Examples of these value-added insights include crash detection and notifications that 
speed life-saving assistance to drivers and fleet operators, and predictive remote diagnostics that enable preemptive 
alerts about vehicle issues before critical failures occur. This valued-added information provided by all the CalAmp 
Marketplace offerings bolsters the value we provide customers while also improving customer retention rates.

CalAmp  Developer  Portal.    The  CalAmp  Telematics  Cloud  is  the  core  engine  that  enables  seamless 
management  of  data  through  a  diverse  set  of  assets,  from  service  vehicles  to  high-value  equipment.  CTC  is  an 
enablement  platform  that  connects  our  customers  to  edge  data  and  insights  for  a  wide  range  of  applications  and 
software  services.  Through  CTC  CalAmp  provides  the  Developer  Portal  to  facilitate  integration  with  third-party 
applications through open APIs. Our partners leverage the multiple APIs we’ve created to rapidly deliver full-featured 
telematics  solutions  available  to  our  mutual  customers  and  markets.  Our  proven  CTC  platform  is  architected  to 
integrate with numerous global Mobile Network Operator account management systems and leverage these carrier 
backend systems to provide customers access to services that are essential for creating and managing flexible end-to-
end solutions.

Flexible Edge Computing Products. We offer a series of telematics edge products that serve as the foundation 
of our mobile connected ecosystem by collecting data insights from vehicles, drivers, assets, and cargo.  These wireless 
enabled devices--including asset tracking units, mobile telematics devices, fixed and mobile wireless gateways and 
routers--underpin our wide range of proprietary and third-party software applications and services for business-critical 
deployments  demanding  secure  and  reliable  communications  and  controls  anywhere  in  the  world.  Our  customers 
select our products and solutions based on optimized feature sets, programmability, configurability, manageability, 
long-term support, reliability and, in particular, overall value. 

4

Growth Strategy – Capitalize on $62B Total Addressable Market 

Over  the  past  several  years,  CalAmp  has  been  focused  on  growing  our  subscription-based  business  through 
expanded data and application-driven solutions offerings. This transition has been driven by our desire to enhance the 
customer experience and maximize the value proposition that we provide our customers. By transforming our business 
model  and  solutions  portfolio  to  focus  on  data-driven  insights  and  the  application  experience,  CalAmp  offers 
customers  the  value  and  convenience  of  a  consolidated  full  stack  solution,  while  providing  shareholders  with  the 
confidence that accompanies an increasingly recurring and predictable revenue model. 

CalAmp operates at the nexus of several large market opportunities, including fleet, transportation and logistics, 
supply  chain  and  connected-vehicle  ecosystems,  which  includes  tracking,  monitoring,  and  recovering  high-value 
vehicles, equipment, cargo and other vital assets in the markets around the world. We also operate at global scale, 
with a presence in the North American, EMEA, LATAM, and APAC regions, with plans to continue growing across 
the board. We believe these market opportunities constitute a TAM of approximately $62 billion. To capitalize on this 
TAM, our growth strategy includes the following key elements:

•

•

•

•

Drive Ongoing Transformation to SaaS Business Model. We are relentlessly pursuing our goal to grow 
our software and subscription services business. To accomplish this goal, our team is focused on continual 
innovation across our proprietary full stack solution.  We believe that by leveraging our existing brand 
presence and customer base, we can drive growth through the adoption of our software applications and 
open API solutions. As CalAmp continues to drive significant subscriber growth, the increased volumes 
of data will drive our innovation roadmaps towards increasingly unique and differentiated solutions. This 
strategy  begins  with  converting  the  legacy  installed  base  to  SaaS  arrangements,  while  simultaneously 
ramping up SaaS sales volumes to both new and existing customers. 

Launch New Innovative Software Solutions in the Emerging Connected Asset Market Worldwide.
Across  the  globe,  CalAmp  has  established  highly  recognizable  brands,  as  well  as  strong  and  unique 
relationships  with  the  most  reputable  companies  in  each  of  our verticals.  This  is  a  direct  result  of  the 
company’s  ability  to  consistently  push  the  frontiers  of  innovation  and  develop  customer-focused 
solutions.  With  innovation  as  a  central  component  of  our  culture,  CalAmp  continues  to  develop  new 
telematics solutions for the connected asset market such as our award-winning iOn™ application, Here 
Comes the Bus application and Bus Guardian solution. 

Expand in Key Verticals and Target Geographies. CalAmp continues to leverage our existing customer 
relationships and international subscribers to further expand into global markets including Latin America, 
Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific. Our global expansion strategy is focused on countries 
with anticipated demand for our full stack of SaaS applications and data services. The launch of iOn in 
EMEA  demonstrates  our  commitment  to  execute  on  this  strategy  and  extend  the  value  of  our  CTC 
platform and applications into global markets. We expect this strategy to generate significant growth over 
time as our international solutions continue to mature and adjust to unique regional market needs. 

Continue to Help Customers Realize the Value of Fully Connected Ecosystems. Because CalAmp 
solutions are capable of connecting diverse asset portfolios and offering consolidated insights, the value 
of our solution grows as we become more embedded across customers’ operational ecosystems. This value 
is not only attractive to new customers looking for a consolidated solution, but it is also the basis for our 
ability to upsell existing customers. As our teams continue to build out innovative data services and edge 
capabilities, we expect to see significant average revenue per unit (“ARPU”) expansion and new customer 
growth.

Customer Benefits

Our software and subscription services solutions and edge-computing products are deployed in a wide variety 
of  applications  across  key  market  verticals  ranging  from  small  to  large  enterprises.  Companies  using  CalAmp’s 
solutions require constant communication with remote and/or mobile assets as they perform business-critical tasks 

5

and services that are otherwise difficult to manage in real time. Our solutions provide a clear and demonstrable return 
on investment for these customers by:

•

•

•

•

Improving efficiency, cost savings and sustainability. CalAmp’s solutions enable customers to gain 
better  control  and  visibility  of  how  their  drivers,  cargo,  assets  and  vehicles  are  operating.    With  this 
information they are better able to streamline and optimize their operations which reduces fuel usage, 
decreases labor costs and improves overall efficiency.  Additionally, using less fuel reduces the carbon 
footprint of an organization and helps them in reaching their sustainability goals.

Improving tracking and transparency.  One of the most important benefits our customers receive by 
using CalAmp’s solutions is gaining greater understanding of where and how their assets, vehicles, and 
cargo are being used.  The insights we provide help organizations operate more effectively, provide better 
support to both their internal and external customers, and ensure that their resources are being properly 
deployed, used and delivered.

Increasing safety and compliance. Because our solutions enable fleet operators to track, monitor and 
gain greater transparency of how their vehicles and assets are being used, they also allow customers to 
improve the behavior of employees which bolsters safety while also ensuring personnel are complying 
with  governance  policies.    Additionally,  for  K-through-12  students  all  over  the  U.S.  and  Canada,  our 
proprietary school bus tracking and mobile app provide pick-up and drop-off information to give parents 
and students peace of mind as they travel to and from school.

Better maintenance and increased uptime.  CalAmp’s solutions provide visibility into maintenance, 
usage, and tracking of on- and off-road high-value assets including assets like vehicles, “yellow-iron” and 
attachments, forklifts and loaders to generators, compressors and other mission-critical equipment. The 
detailed insights into information like engine hours, impact and other diagnostics help our customers head 
off issues before they occur in order to improve overall equipment/fleet uptime.

Manufacturing and Operations 

While our products are largely designed in the U.S., we currently outsource our manufacturing to certain contract 
manufacturers  in  Taiwan,  Vietnam,  Malaysia  and  Mexico  as  well  as  some  limited  production  in  China  and  Hong 
Kong.  The  devices,  components  and  assemblies  used  in  our  solutions  and  products  can  be  obtained  from  these 
manufacturers, although a few components are obtained from sole source suppliers. Although we do not have any 
long-term purchase contracts, we have executed product supply agreements with these manufacturers, which provide 
for certain product quality requirements. We are not vertically integrated, which provides us with flexibility and an 
ability  to  adapt  to  changes  in  the  market,  product  supply  and  pricing  while  keeping  our  fixed  costs  low.  Our 
relationships with our manufacturers are critical to the success of our business. We have strong relationships with our 
manufacturers, helping us to meet supply and support requirements stipulated by our customers. 

We  focus  on  driving  alignment  of  our  solutions  and  product  roadmaps  with  all  our  manufacturers  and 
determining what we can do collectively to reduce costs across the supply chain. Our operations team based in the 
U.S.  coordinates  with  our  manufacturers’  engineers  and  quality  control  personnel  to  develop  the  requisite 
manufacturing processes, quality checks and testing as well as a general oversight of ongoing manufacturing activities. 
We  believe  this  model  has  allowed  us  to  deliver  high  quality  and  innovative  products  in  a  timely  manner  while 
enabling us to minimize costs, manage inventory risk and maintain flexibility.

We  and  our  contract  manufacturers  are  certified  to  the  ISO  (International  Organization  for  Standardization) 

9001 quality management systems standard. 

6

Research and Development

We  compete  in  markets  characterized  by  industry  disruption,  rapid  technological  change,  evolving  industry 
standards and new product features. We believe that our future success depends upon our ability to develop innovative 
new products and solutions as well as enhancements to our existing products and solutions with advanced functionality 
and ease of use to drive customer demand and to further enhance our global brand and drive recurring revenue. We 
will continue to focus our research and development resources primarily on developing telematics products, services 
and software solutions for fleet management, heavy equipment monitoring and optimization, stolen vehicle recovery, 
consumer aftermarket telematics, trailer and asset tracking, transportation and logistics, and industrial monitoring. We 
have developed a technology platform that can be leveraged across many of our vertical markets, applications and 
geographic regions. This includes a cloud-based telematics application enablement platform and end-user software 
applications, a comprehensive purpose-built telematics edge platform, cellular and satellite communications network-
based asset tracking units as well as 4G and 5G LTE and CatM edge devices primarily for mobile applications. In 
addition,  our  development  resources  have  been  allocated  to  rationalizing  existing  product  lines,  reducing  product 
costs,  and  improving  performance  through  product  redesign  efforts.  Our  research  and  development  efforts  have 
resulted  in  generating  significant  intellectual  property  in  the  telematics  vertical  as  is  evident  in  our  broad  patent 
portfolio.  We  continue  to  actively  pursue  developing  innovative  solutions  that  add  to  our  intellectual  property 
portfolio.

Our research and development expenses from continuing operations in fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 
2022 and 2021, were $24.6 million, $28.4 million, and $25.8 million, respectively. During this three-year period, our 
research and development expenses have ranged between 8% and 10% of annual consolidated revenues.

Sales and Marketing

We  market  and  sell  our  solutions  and  services  through  our  global  direct  sales  organization,  channel  partner 
program and Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEM”) sales organizations while driving awareness through our 
websites and digital presence. Our global direct sales organization consists of teams of field salespeople, key account 
managers and business development managers, who work closely with solutions and applications specialists and other 
internal sales support personnel. We have organized our field sales personnel, together with internal sales and field 
support personnel, into teams within each business group based on their specialized knowledge and expertise relating 
to specific solutions and service areas, geographies and customer groups. These sales teams are closely aligned with 
their respective solutions management, engineering and operations organizations. 

We sell our solutions and services to large global enterprises, small- to mid-sized companies, channel accounts 
and distributors as well as industrial OEM customers. These categories of customers require very different selling 
approaches and support requirements, and we have organized our sales teams to address these distinct requirements. 
Additionally,  certain  customers  often  have  unique  technical  requirements  and  manufacturing  processes,  and  may 
request  specific  system  configurations,  feature  sets  and  designs.  Sales  to  large  enterprise  customers  often  involve 
complex program management and long sales cycles, and require close cooperation between sales, operations and 
engineering  personnel.  As  such,  we  have  developed  teams  of  key  account  managers  and  business  development 
managers to serve the unique requirements of these customers.

We also actively sell our products in certain markets through independent sales representatives and distributors. 
In  some  cases,  we  have  granted  representatives  and  distributors  exclusive  authorization  to  sell  certain  products  in 
specific geographic areas. These agreements generally have a term of one year, which automatically renews on an 
annual basis, and are generally terminable by either party following a specified notice period. 

We will continue our investment in sales and marketing programs that further build brand awareness, improve 
revenue generation and foster long-term relationships with our customers. Our marketing programs are focused on 
supporting multi-channel product launches in new geographic markets.

Additionally, we are focused on maximizing our efficiency and the reach of our marketing spend by investing 
in  product  marketing,  content  development,  public  relations,  social  media  and  digital  marketing  programs.  These 
programs are developed to educate our potential customers and other industry influencers to drive sales engagement 
around our products and services. Our activities around product marketing, content development, public relations, 
thought  leadership,  social  media  and  digital  marketing  are  aligned  with  our  customary  product  launches,  media 
campaigns and presence at tradeshows and high exposure venues focused in the transportation and logistics sector 
such as Technology and Maintenance Council (TMC), Management Conference & Exhibition (MCE) and other high-
profile industry events, as such in-person events recommence amid easing of COVID-19 restrictions. 

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Competition

Our markets are highly competitive. We face competition from small to large public and private competitors 
some of which have greater financial, distribution, marketing and other resources as well as greater economies of scale 
than we do. We believe the principal competitive factors impacting the market for our products and services are global 
scale,  innovation,  reputation,  customer  service,  product  quality,  functionality  and  reliability,  time-to-market, 
responsiveness and price. We believe that we compete favorably in all of these areas. Our continued success in our 
vertical  markets  will  depend  in  part  upon  our  ability  to  continue  to  innovate,  design  quality  products  and  deploy 
solutions at competitive prices and with superior support services to our customers.

The competitive landscape is incredibly fragmented, and most companies offer solutions to solve the needs of 
specific verticals, sub verticals, or asset classes. For instance, many companies specialize in cab and fleet visibility, 
such as Geotab and Verizon Connect, while others specialize in trailer visibility, like Phillips Connect, Sky Bitz, and 
Xirgo. However, we also encounter competitors like Keep Truckin’ and Samsara, who specialize in multiple verticals.

Backlog

Total consolidated backlog, comprised of our remaining performance obligations for software & subscription 
services and telematics devices backlog aggregated $264 million at February 28, 2023, compared to $285 million  at 
February 28, 2022.

As  of  February 28,  2023,  our  remaining  contractual  performance  obligations  for  software  &  subscription 
services were $234.5 million as compared to $202.0 million as of February 28, 2022. The majority of our growth in 
contractual performance obligations was driven by conversion of significant telematics products customers to multi-
year  subscription  contracts  and  renewals  in  the  fleet  market.  We  expect  to  recognize  approximately  49%  of  our 
remaining contractual performance obligations in Fiscal 2024. 

Total backlog for our telematics devices as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 was $29 million and 
$83 million, respectively. Substantially all of the backlog at February 28, 2023 is expected to be shipped in Fiscal 
2024. Our backlog for telematics devices decreased year-over-year as during Fiscal 2022, we experienced significant 
supply shortages due to the lingering impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As we drive toward a SaaS business model, 
we expect that a significant portion of the February 28, 2023 telematics devices backlog will ultimately be bundled 
and fulfilled in connection with multi-year subscription contracts.

Intellectual Property

Intellectual property is an important aspect of our business, and we seek protection for our intellectual property 
as appropriate. We rely upon a combination of patent, trade secret, and trademark laws and contractual restrictions, 
such as confidentiality agreements and licenses, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. In addition, we often 
rely on inbound licenses of intellectual property for use in our business.

We  own  and  utilize  the  tradename  “CalAmp”  as  well  as  the  related  logos  and  trademarks  on  many  of  our 
products  and  solutions.  We  believe  that  having  distinctive  marks  that  are  registered  and  readily  identifiable  is  an 
important factor in identifying our brand. As of February 28, 2023, we have over 170 active trademark applications 
and registrations throughout the world, with approximately 24 pending and registered trademarks in the U.S. 

As of February 28, 2023, we had nearly 300 patents worldwide. In addition to our awarded patents, we have 
approximately 50 patent applications in process. Although a number of these trademarks, and patents relate to software 
and  products  that  are  significant  to  our  business  and  operations,  we  do  not  believe  we  are  dependent  on  a  single 
trademark, copyright or patent.

In addition to the foregoing protections, we generally control access to and the use of our proprietary and other 
confidential  information  through  the  use  of  internal  and  external  controls,  including  contractual  protections  with 
employees, manufacturers, and others. We will continue to file and prosecute patent applications when appropriate to 
protect our rights in our proprietary technologies.

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Governmental Regulation

We are subject to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws and regulations in connection with our operations, including 
those governing discharges of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances 
and the clean-up of contaminated sites, and close oversight of our products’ material compliance including adherence 
to relevant EPA regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act. While we believe that we are currently in material 
compliance with these regulatory requirements, the requirements may change or new requirements may be imposed 
that could require significant unanticipated expenditures by us.

We have established environmental management systems and continually update our environmental policies 
and  standard  operating  procedures  for  our  operations  worldwide.  We  believe  that  our  operations  are  in  material 
compliance with applicable environmental laws, regulations and permits. We budget for operating and capital costs 
on an ongoing basis to comply with environmental laws.

Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability 

We believe responsible and sustainable business practices support our long-term success. As a company, we are 
deeply committed to protecting and supporting our people, our environment, and our communities. That commitment 
is  reflected  through  various  corporate  initiatives  as  well  as  day-to-day  activities,  including  our  adoption  of 
sustainability-focused policies and procedures, our publicly recognized focus on fostering an inclusive workplace, our 
constant drive toward more efficient use of materials and energy, our careful and active management of our supply 
chain, our services and products which help reduce carbon footprints and enhance road safety, and our impactful, 
globally integrated ethics and compliance program.

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Customer  Success  –  We  seek  to  understand,  anticipate  and  respond  to  internal  and  external  customer 
needs, and work to achieve total customer satisfaction to ensure their success and ours.

Innovation – We are committed to transforming ideas into new and improved products and processes to 
advance, compete and differentiate ourselves and bring value to our customers and teams.

Execution – We deliver results and exceed customer expectations with a can-do attitude that overcomes 
obstacles  with  solutions:  we  hold  ourselves  accountable,  learn  from  errors  and  move  forward 
productively.

Inclusion – We believe in the integrity, honesty and trust of our employees, and are committed to building 
diverse teams that value differences of opinion and embrace positive, respectful collaboration. 

Human Capital and Company Culture

People are our greatest asset and we are committed to being an employer of choice in our industry.

CalAmp offers an engaging and diverse work environment where people take pride in their contributions and 
share in the company’s success. We empower our employees to showcase their talent, sharpen their skills, develop 
new  professional  and  leadership  capabilities  while  being  part  of  a  global  team  that  develops  revolutionary 
technologies.

CalAmp  continually  strives  to  be  a  deeply  inclusive  employer  with  diversity  reflected  in  our  teams.  We 
encourage employees to be truly themselves and thrive in an environment where their voices matter, differences are 
understood and valued, and where they are supported to express their unique ideas openly. We aim to foster a highly 
engaged and energized workplace, where everyone is treated with dignity and respect and is excited to achieve more.

Our  employees  engage  in  meaningful  work  with  access  to  cutting-edge  tools  and  technologies  to  develop 

solutions that disrupt entire industries.

CalAmp’s strategic leadership comes from a solid base of worldwide experience in technology, from connected 
vehicles  to  networking  to  public  safety  to  energy  and  beyond.  The  executive  team  has  years  of  expertise  in  both 
start-up and enterprise environments designing software and hardware for a wide variety of applications.

Our company culture is driven by four core values:

•

Customer Success – we seek to achieve total customer satisfaction by understanding what the customer 
wants and delivering it flawlessly. We communicate and collaborate effectively with others for the benefit 
of the customer. Satisfied customers are essential to our success.

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Innovation  –  we  do  not  accept  the  status  quo.  We  are  committed  to  transforming  ideas  into  new  and 
improved  solutions  and  processes.  We  respond  resourcefully  to  demands  and  challenges  in  order  to 
advance,  compete  and  differentiate  ourselves  successfully  in  the  marketplace  and  bring  value  to  our 
customers.

Execution – we make and meet our commitments. We deliver results in tight timeframes. Our can-do 
attitude supports us in overcoming obstacles with solutions, and we are accountable when errors are made. 
We learn from mistakes and move forward. 

Inclusion – we believe in the integrity, honesty and trust of our employees, and we value their diversity 
of thought and opinion. We embrace collaboration by listening to the opinions of others, valuing their 
differences and speaking in a positive, respectful manner. We take personal responsibility for our actions 
and are committed to building diverse teams with fairness and respect for all.

As of February 28, 2023, we had 644 employees. From time to time we also hire contracted workers that are 
generally engaged through independent temporary labor agencies. None of our employees or contract workers are 
represented by a labor union.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our primary Internet address is www.calamp.com. We make our U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 
(“SEC”) periodic reports (Forms 10-Q and Forms 10-K) and current reports (Forms 8-K) available free of charge 
through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. Within the 
Investor Relations section of our website, we provide information concerning corporate governance, including our 
Corporate Governance Guidelines, Board committee charters and composition, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, 
and other information. The content of our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 
10-K or into any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be 
inactive textual references only.

Materials that we file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, 
NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 
the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, 
proxy and information statements, and other information that we file electronically with the SEC.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which 
are beyond our control. The following list describes several risk factors that are applicable to our business and speaks 
as of the date of this document. These and other risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of 
operations, financial condition, and cash flows and the trading price of our common stock. The risks and uncertainties 
described  below  are  not  the  only  ones  we  face.  Our  business  is  also  subject  to  the  risks  that  affect  many  other 
companies,  such  as  employment  relations,  general  economic  conditions,  geopolitical  events  and  international 
operations. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, 
may also become important factors that affect us.

Summary of Risk Factors

Our business is subject to a number of risks  of  which you should be aware. Among others, including those 

described in more detail below, these risks include:

•

We face several factors which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition, and effect our ability to continue as a going concern:

o We are not cash flow positive and may not have sufficient cash to fund our long term planned 
operations. As of February 28, 2023, we had $41.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, a 
decrease of $37.3 million from February 28, 2022.

o We may not be able to access additional funds under our asset-based revolving credit facility 

due, in part, to certain covenants regarding our fixed charge coverage ratio. 

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o We  may  not  have  sufficient  cash  flow  from  our  business  to  fund  conversions  of  the  2025 
Convertible  Notes  in  cash,  or  repay  the  2025  Convertible  Notes  at  maturity  or  repurchase 
them upon a fundamental change 

o We  may  not  have  the  ability  to  raise  the  funds  to  pay  our  obligations  under  our  2025 
Convertible Notes, or extend the maturity date of our 2025 Convertible Notes. Any adverse 
changes in our credit ratings could increase our borrowing costs and could adversely affect 
our ability to access the debt markets, and any equity financing could affect our stock price 
and be materially dilutive to existing stockholders. 

Our  asset-based  revolving  credit  facility  contains  covenant  restrictions  that  may  limit  our  ability  to 
operate,  including  restrictions  on  our  ability  to  incur  additional  debt,  create  liens,  or  make  certain 
voluntary prepayments of specified debt.

Component shortages and uncertainty in international trade relations with China may adversely impact 
us and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. A 
substantial portion of our products, components and subassemblies are currently procured from foreign 
suppliers located primarily in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Malaysia, Mexico and other Pacific Rim 
countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our operations and the continued effects of the pandemic could 
have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Because some of our components, assemblies and electronics manufacturing services are purchased from 
sole source suppliers or require long lead times, our business is subject to unexpected interruptions, which 
may adversely affect our ability to bring products to market, damage our reputation and adversely affect 
our results of operations.

Because  we  depend  on  a  few  significant  customers  for  a  substantial  portion  of  our  revenues  and  we 
generally do not have long-term contracts with customers, the loss or significant decline or slowdown of 
sales to these customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of 
operations.

Our operations are subject to the effects of a rising rate of inflation. If the inflation rate continues to 
impact the costs of our labor and supplies, and the costs of our suppliers, it will adversely affect our 
operating expenses.

Because  the  markets  in  which  we  compete  are  highly  competitive and  some  of  our  competitors  have 
greater resources than us, we cannot be certain that our products and services will continue to be accepted 
in the marketplace or will maintain or capture increased market share.

We have been subject to breaches of our information technology systems, and are at risk of future attacks, 
which could damage our reputation, vendor and customer relationships, and our customers’ access to our 
services.

If  demand  for  our  products  and  services  fluctuates  rapidly  and  unpredictably,  it  may  be  difficult  to 
manage our business efficiently, which may result in reduced gross margins and profitability.

If we do not meet product and services introduction deadlines or if we fail to predict carrier and end user 
customer  preferences  among  the  many  evolving  wireless  industry  standards,  our  business  could  be 
adversely affected.

Any acquisitions we pursue could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and results of 
operations.

Our global operations and continued international expansion expose us to risks and challenges associated 
with conducting business internationally. The ongoing military action between Russia and Ukraine may 
amplify or precipitate these risks and the other risks described herein.

Some of our products are subject to mandatory regulatory approvals in the U.S. and other countries that 
are subject to change, which could make compliance costly and unpredictable.

Ongoing changes to U.S. tax, tariff and import/export regulations may have a negative effect on global 
economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

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We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, and our competitors may be able to 
offer similar products and services that would harm our competitive position.

We  rely  on  access  to  third-party  patents  and  intellectual  property,  and  our  future  results  could  be 
materially and adversely affected if we are unable to secure such access in the future.

We depend to some extent upon wireless networks owned and controlled by others, unproven business 
models, and emerging wireless carrier models to deliver existing services and to grow.

The trading price of shares of our common stock may be affected by many factors and the price of shares 
of our common stock could decline.

Risks Related to Our Cash Flow and Liquidity

We are not cash flow positive and may not have sufficient cash to fund our long term planned operations, and we 
may not be able to access additional funds under our asset-based revolving credit facility due, in part, to certain 
covenants  regarding  our  fixed  charge  coverage  ratio,  all  of  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern.

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash during Fiscal 2023, and we may continue to incur 
substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations for the foreseeable future. As of February 28, 2023, we had 
$41.9  million  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  a  decrease  of  $37.3  million  from  February 28,  2022.  Our  future 
performance  is  subject  to  economic,  operational,  financial,  competitive  and  other  factors,  including  the  current 
inflationary environment, supply chain constraints and the impact of uncertain international trade relations. 

We may not be able to access additional funds under our asset-based revolving credit facility. The credit facility 
contains certain negative and affirmative covenants, including financial covenants that, among other things, require 
us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00, measured as of the last day of each fiscal 
quarter, if our liquidity position (consisting of specified cash balances plus unused availability on the revolving credit 
facility)  falls  below  $40.0  million  on  such  day.  Our  ability  to  comply  with  the  financial  covenants  in  the  credit 
agreement and access our revolving credit facility will be materially affected if our liquidity position falls below $40.0 
million.

Additional funds may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. Specifically, we may be unable to 
secure additional debt financing without restrictive terms or issue additional equity without impacting our stock price 
or being materially dilutive to existing stockholders. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or to access or 
raise adequate funds to finance our forecasted expenditures, we may have to make significant changes or reductions 
to our operations. We also may have to reduce sales, marketing, customer support or other resources devoted to our 
existing or new products, or we may need to cease operations. Any of these actions could materially impede our ability 
to achieve our business objectives and could materially harm our operating results. If our cash, cash equivalents and 
investments are insufficient to fund our projected operating requirements and we are unable to access additional funds 
under our credit facility or raise additional capital, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition and results of operations and prospects and ability to continue as a going concern.

We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to fund conversions of the 2025 Convertible Notes in cash, 
or repay the 2025 Convertible Notes at maturity or repurchase them upon a fundamental change, which could have 
a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern. We cannot provide 
any assurances that we will be able to fund through operations the necessary amount of capital to repay these 
obligations.

We have $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.00% convertible senior unsecured notes due in 2025 
(“2025 Convertible Notes” or “Notes”) outstanding. As of February 28, 2023, we had $41.9 million of cash and cash 
equivalents, a decrease of $37.3 million from February 28, 2022.

Upon maturity of the 2025 Convertible Notes, we may be required to make cash payments in repayment of the 
notes.  In  addition,  upon  conversion  of  the  2025  Convertible  Notes,  we  will  satisfy  part  or  all  of  our  conversion 
obligation in cash unless we elect to settle conversions solely in shares of our common stock. Furthermore, holders of 
the 2025 Convertible Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their 2025 Convertible 
Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2025 
Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. We may not have enough available cash 
or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to repurchase the 2025 Convertible Notes, to pay cash upon 

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maturity of the 2025 Convertible Notes or to pay any cash amounts due upon conversion of the 2025 Convertible 
Notes.  Our ability to pay cash upon conversion of or at maturity of the 2025 Convertible Notes depends on our future 
performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors including the current inflationary 
environment, supply chain constraints and the uncertainties regarding international trade relations due in part to the 
armed conflict in Ukraine. Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service 
our debt and to fund capital expenditures or acquisitions. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be 
required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity 
capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition and ability to continue as a going concern.

Our ability to repurchase or to pay cash upon conversions or at maturity of the 2025 Convertible Notes may be 
limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the 
notes  at  a  time  when  the  repurchase  is  required  by  the  applicable  indenture  or  to  pay  any  cash  payable  on  future 
conversions of the 2025 Convertible Notes as required by the applicable indenture would constitute a default under 
the  applicable  indenture.  A  default  under  the  indenture  governing  the  2025  Convertible  Notes  or  the  fundamental 
change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our other indebtedness, which may result in that 
other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full. We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy all amounts 
due under the other indebtedness and the notes.

Holders may convert their 2025 Convertible Notes into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of 
cash and shares of common stock, at our election. The current conversion rate of the 2025 Convertible Notes is 32.5256 
shares  of  common  stock  per  $1,000  principal  amount  of  the  convertible  notes,  which  is  equivalent  to  an  initial 
conversion price of approximately $30.75 per share of common stock. The conversion rate is subject to customary 
adjustments. Holders may convert their 2025 Convertible Notes at their option upon the occurrence of certain events, 
as defined in the indenture governing the 2025 Convertible Notes.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds required to pay our obligations under our 2025 Convertible Notes, 
or extend the maturity date of the 2025 Convertible Notes, and any adverse changes in our credit ratings could 
increase our borrowing costs and could adversely affect our ability to access the debt markets, all of which could 
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern.

We may not be able to raise sufficient capital to repay our 2025 Convertible Notes at maturity. If we are unable 
to pay these obligations or otherwise unable to extend the maturity dates or refinance these obligations, we would be 
in default. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to fund through operations the necessary amount of 
capital to repay these obligations, or that we will be able to extend the maturity dates or otherwise refinance these 
obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to continue as a going 
concern.

Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such 
time. Our 2025 Convertible Notes are rated by certain major credit rating agencies. These credit ratings impact our 
cost of borrowing and our ability to access the capital markets and are based on our financial performance and certain 
financial metrics including debt levels. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current credit 
ratings.  Any  downgrade  of  our  credit  rating  by  any  of  the  major  credit  rating  agencies  could  result  in  increased 
borrowing costs and could adversely affect our ability to access the debt markets to refinance our existing debt or 
finance future debt. Factors that we cannot control, such as disruption of the financial markets, including concerns 
regarding fiscal matters in the U.S. and other geographic areas, could also impair our ability to raise funding.

Our asset-based revolving credit facility contains covenant restrictions that may limit our ability to operate our 
business.

Our  senior  asset-based  revolving  credit  facility  contains,  and  any  of  our  other  future  debt  agreements  may 
contain, certain affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, 
incur additional debt or issue guarantees, create liens, repurchase stock, or make other restricted payments, and make 
certain voluntary prepayments of specified debt. As a result of these covenants, our ability to respond to changes in 
business and economic conditions and engage in beneficial transactions, including to obtain additional financing as 
needed, may be restricted. 

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Our  revolving  credit  facility  also  contains  a  financial  covenant  that  require  us  to  maintain  a  fixed  charge 
coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00, measured as of the last day of each fiscal quarter if our liquidity position, 
consisting of specified cash balances plus unused availability on the revolving credit facility, falls below $40.0 million 
on such day. Additionally, our revolving credit facility contains a cash dominion trigger whereby PNC Bank may 
direct  domestic  cash  balances  and  receipts  to  pay  down  borrowings  under  the  revolving  credit  facility  should  our 
liquidity position, consisting of specified cash balances plus unused availability on the revolving credit facility, fall 
below $25.0 million at the end of any month. As of February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with our covenants 
under the revolving credit facility. However, if we are unable to comply with our covenants under the revolving credit 
facility in the future, our availability of cash resources may be reduced and our business may be adversely affected.  
Our  ability  to  comply  with  these  conditions  will  be  materially  affected  if  our  liquidity  position  falls  below  $40.0 
million. Additionally, our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events and conditions beyond 
our control, including the factors discussed above. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under 
the credit agreement and related credit documents, which could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under our 
revolving credit facility to become immediately due and payable. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have 
sufficient funds available to repay it.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Financial Condition

Component shortages and uncertainty in international trade relations with China may adversely impact us and 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

A  substantial  portion  of  our  products,  components  and  subassemblies  are  currently  procured  from  foreign 
suppliers located primarily in Hong Kong, mainland China, Malaysia, Mexico and other Pacific Rim countries. We 
accelerated  our  supply  chain  diversification  program  to  transition  our  manufacturing  to  tier  one  global  contract 
manufacturers with facilities outside of China. This program was initiated against the backdrop of the escalation of 
trade  tensions  between  the  U.S.  and  China.  This  transition  contributed  to  various  supply  disruptions,  including 
component shortages, beginning in the third and fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020. Additionally, during Fiscal 2022 and 
Fiscal 2023, we experienced supply shortages as a result of global supply imbalances initially driven by the global 
pandemic, which have negatively impacted all parts of our business. Although we are taking steps to address these 
matters, the related operational challenges and supply chain disruptions may persist for some time.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our operations and the continued effects of the pandemic could have a 
material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic, including the continued spread of new variants and the measures taken to limit its 
spread has had, and other pandemics in the future could have, adverse repercussions across global economies and 
financial markets, as well as on us. Through Fiscal 2022, our revenues were negatively impacted by COVID-19 as 
various  small-to-medium  customers  postponed  their  capital  expenditure  due  to  the  pandemic  and  related  macro-
economic uncertainties. We have experienced supply shortages as a result of global supply imbalances driven by the 
global pandemic. These global supply imbalances have negatively impacted our business during Fiscal 2023. It is 
difficult to predict the extent to which the pandemic will continue to impact our future business or operating results, 
which are highly dependent on uncertain future developments, including the severity of the continuing pandemic, the 
actions taken or to be taken by governments and private businesses in relation to its containment and the resolution of 
supply  chain  issues  and  supply  shortages.  Because  our  business  is  dependent  on  telematics  product  sales,  device 
installations and related subscription-based services, the ultimate effect of COVID-19 and the current supply shortages 
may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods.

To the extent that COVID-19 adversely affects our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash 

flows, it may also heighten many of the risk factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.

14

Because  some  of  our  components,  assemblies  and  electronics  manufacturing  services  are  purchased  from  sole 
source  suppliers  or  require  long  lead  times,  our  business  is  subject  to  unexpected  interruptions,  which  may 
adversely affect our ability to bring products to market, damage our reputation and adversely affect our results of 
operations.

We operate an outsourced manufacturing business model that utilizes contract manufacturers. We depend on a 
limited number of contract manufacturers to allocate sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet our needs, to produce 
products of acceptable quality at acceptable yields, and to deliver those products to us on a timely basis. Some of our 
key components are complex to manufacture and have long lead times. In the event of a reduction or interruption of 
supply, or degradation in quality, it could take up to six months to begin receiving adequate supplies from alternative 
suppliers, if any. As a result, product shipments could be delayed and revenues and profitability could suffer. Instances 
of continued supply chain disruptions and delays, as well as continued heightened inflation, could lead to inefficiencies 
and increased costs that could negatively impact our performance and our results of operations. In such circumstances, 
we may be unable to meet our customer demand and may fail to meet our contractual obligations. This could result in 
the payment of significant damages by us to our customers, a decline in net revenue and a loss of market share as our 
customers could choose to purchase competing products and services, all of which could adversely affect our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. Any substantial disruption in our contract manufacturers’ supply as a 
result of a pandemic, natural disaster, trade wars, political unrest, economic instability, equipment failure, inflationary 
pressures, component shortage or other cause, could materially harm our business, customer relationships and results 
of operations.

Because  we  depend  on  a  few  significant  customers  for  a  substantial  portion  of  our  revenues,  the  loss  of  or 
significant decline or slowdown of sales to these customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition or results of operations.

Our revenues depend on a small number of significant customers and some of them represented more than 10% 
of our total revenues in fiscal year 2023, 2022 and 2021 (see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements). They 
are also expected to represent a substantial portion of our revenues in the near future. As a result, the loss of any one 
of these customers, or a decline or slowdown in purchases from any of these customers, could have a material adverse 
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, because service revenue depends 
either partially or entirely on the usage levels of data transmission by our customers and end users, the decline or 
slowdown in the growth of usage patterns of these customers, which has and could continue to occur at any time and 
with or without a reduction in the number of our subscriber base could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. 

Our operations are subject to the effects of a rising rate of inflation.

The  United  States  has  recently  experienced  historically  high  levels  of  inflation.  According  to  the  U.S. 
Department of Labor, the annual inflation rate for the United States was approximately 6.5% for the 12 months ended 
December 31, 2022. If the inflation rate continues to increase and increase our costs of labor and supplies, it will affect 
our operating expenses. The current inflationary environment related to increased aggregate demand, supply chain 
constraints  and  the  effects  from  the  armed  conflict  in  Ukraine  (including  the  effects  of  the  sanctions  that  were 
implemented in response to the conflict and the resulting impacts on the commodity market and supply chains) have 
also  increased  our  operating  expenses  and  may  continue  to  affect  our  operating  expenses.  Our  operational  costs, 
including the cost of supplies, labor, manufacturing and our other operational costs are subject to market conditions 
and are being adversely affected by inflationary pressures. Economic conditions may also adversely affect the ability 
of our customers and suppliers to obtain the liquidity required to buy inventory or raw materials and to perform their 
obligations under agreements with us, which could disrupt our operations. Additionally, rising interest rates could 
impact financing availability and the cost of refinancing our existing debt, and exchange rate fluctuations. The United 
States is experiencing a workforce shortage, which in turn, has created a competitive wage environment that may 
increase our operating costs. To the extent inflation results in rising interest rates and has other adverse effects on the 
market, it may adversely affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. To the extent periods 
of high inflation are prolonged, these results may be exacerbated.

Because  the  markets  in  which  we  compete  are  highly  competitive  and  some  of  our  competitors  have  greater 
resources  than  us,  we  cannot  be  certain  that  our  products  and  services  will  continue  to  be  accepted  in  the 
marketplace or will maintain or capture increased market share.

15

The markets for our products and services are intensely competitive and characterized by rapid technological 
change, evolving standards, short product life cycles, and price erosion. Given the highly competitive environment in 
which we operate, we cannot be sure that any competitive advantages currently enjoyed by our products and services 
will be sufficient to establish and sustain our products and services in the markets we serve. Any increase in price or 
other competition could result in erosion of our market share, to the extent we have obtained market share, and could 
have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot provide assurance that we will 
have the financial resources, technical expertise or marketing and support capabilities to compete successfully. We 
expect competition to intensify in the future with the introduction of new technologies and market entrants and with 
the possible consolidation of competitors. 

Information about our competitors is included in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the 

heading “COMPETITION”.

If demand for our products and services fluctuates rapidly and unpredictably, it may be difficult to manage our 
business efficiently, which may result in reduced gross margins and profitability.

Our cost structure is based in part on our expectations for future demand. Many costs, particularly those relating 
to capital equipment and manufacturing overhead, are largely fixed. Rapid and unpredictable shifts in demand for our 
products and services may make it difficult to plan production capacity and business operations efficiently. If demand 
is significantly below expectations, we may be unable to rapidly reduce these fixed costs, which can diminish gross 
margins  and  cause  losses.  A  sudden  downturn  may  also  leave  us  with  excess  inventory,  which  may  be  rendered 
obsolete if products and services evolve during the downturn and demand shifts to newer products and services. Our 
ability to reduce costs and expenses may be further constrained because we must continue to invest in research and 
development to maintain our competitive position and to maintain service and support for our existing customer base. 
Conversely, in the event of a sudden upturn, we may incur significant costs to rapidly expedite delivery of components, 
procure scarce components and outsource additional manufacturing processes. These costs could reduce our gross 
margins and overall profitability. Any of these results could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results 
of operations.

Any acquisitions we pursue could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

As  part  of  our  business  strategy,  we  continually  review  acquisition  opportunities  that  we  believe  would  be 
advantageous or complementary to the development of our business. If we make any acquisitions, we could take any 
or all of the following actions, any one of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of 
operations or share price:

•

•

•

•

•

•

use a substantial portion of our available cash;

require a significant devotion of management’s time and resources in the pursuit or consummation of any 
acquisition;

incur substantial debt, which may not be available to us on favorable terms and may adversely affect our 
liquidity;

issue equity or equity-based securities that would dilute existing stockholders’ ownership percentage;

assume contingent liabilities; and

take substantial charges in connection with acquired assets.

16

Acquisitions also entail numerous other risks, including, without limitation: difficulties in assimilating acquired 
operations,  products,  technologies  and  personnel;  unanticipated  costs;  diversion  of  management’s  attention  from 
existing operations; risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience; potential loss of key 
employees  from  either  our  existing  business  or  the  acquired  organization;  and  a  negative  effect  on  our  existing 
relationships with suppliers and customers. Acquisitions may result in substantial accounting charges for restructuring 
and  other  expenses,  amortization  of  purchased  technology  and  intangible  assets  and  stock-based  compensation 
expense, any of which could materially and adversely affect our operating results. We may not be able to realize the 
anticipated benefits of or successfully integrate with our existing business the businesses, products, technologies or 
personnel that we acquire, and our failure to do so could harm our business and operating results. Our industry is being 
affected by the trend toward consolidation and the creation of strategic relationships. If we are unable to successfully 
adapt to this rapidly changing environment, we could suffer a reduction in the volume of business with our customers 
and  suppliers,  or  we  could  lose  customers  or  suppliers  entirely,  which  could  materially  and  adversely  affect  our 
financial condition and operating results.

We may be unable to successfully implement a disposition or wind-down of business activities that no longer fit 
our strategic plan.

We may engage in future dispositions or wind-downs of certain businesses. Key risks associated with exiting a 

business include:

•

•

•

•

•

our ability to price a sale transaction appropriately and otherwise negotiate acceptable terms;

our ability to identify and implement key customer, technology systems, and other transition actions to 
avoid or minimize negative effects on retained business activities;

our ability to assess and manage any loss of synergies that the exited business activity had with our 
retained business activities;

our ability to replace legacy earnings from the exited business or activity with new revenues; and

our  ability  to  manage  capital,  liquidity,  and  other  challenges  that  may  arise  if  an  exit  results  in 
significant legacy cash expenditures or financial loss.

We have been subject to breaches of our information technology systems, which could damage our reputation, 
vendor, and customer relationships, and our customers’ access to our services.

Our  presence  in  the  Internet  of  Things  (“IoT”)  industry  with  offerings  of  telematics  products  and  services, 
including vehicle telematics, could also increase our exposure to potential costs and expenses and reputational harm 
in the event of cyber-attacks impacting these products or services. Our business operations require that we use, collect, 
process, transmit and store, within our own systems and systems of third-party providers, sensitive data, including 
intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, 
as well as personally identifiable information. We face a number of threats to our data centers and networks in the 
form of unauthorized access, security breaches and other system disruptions. It is critical to our business strategy that 
our  infrastructure  remains  secure  and  is  perceived  by  customers  and  partners  to  be  secure.  Despite  our  security 
measures,  our  information  technology  (“IT”)  systems  have  been  and  will  continue  to  be  vulnerable  to  attacks  by 
hackers or other disruptive problems. 

In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  laws  and  regulations  in  the  United  States  and  abroad  relating  to 
cybersecurity  and  data  protection.  As  a  result,  affected  users  or  government  authorities  could  initiate  legal  or 
regulatory actions against us in connection with any actual or perceived security breaches or improper access to or 
disclosure of data, which has occurred in the past and which could cause us to incur significant expense and liability 
or result in orders or consent decrees forcing us to modify our business practices. 

Our measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats may not be successful in preventing a security incident 
or data breach or limiting the effects of such a breach. This is particularly so because attack methodologies change 
frequently  or  are  not  recognized  until  launched,  and  we  also  may  be  unable  to  investigate  or  remediate  incidents 
because attackers are increasingly using techniques and tools designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and 
to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence.

17

Any security breach may compromise information used or stored on our networks and may result in significant 
data losses or theft of our customers’ or our business partners’ intellectual property, proprietary business information 
or  personally  identifiable  information.  A  cybersecurity  breach  could  negatively  affect  our  reputation  by  adversely 
affecting the market’s perception of the security or reliability of our products or services. In addition, a cyber-attack 
could result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, disruption of internal operations, increased 
cybersecurity protection costs, lost revenues or litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

Repurposing of satellite spectrum by adjacent operators of L-band spectrum for terrestrial services could interfere 
with our GPS IoT products and services.

In  2011,  the  U.S.  Federal  Communications  Commission  (“FCC”)  granted  Ligado  Networks  (then  known  as 
Lightsquared) (“Ligado”) a waiver to convert its L-band satellite spectrum to terrestrial use, including a 10 MHz band 
close to the spectrum that we use for all of our Global Positioning System (“GPS”) products and services. That waiver 
was subsequently suspended in 2012 due to concerns about potential interference to GPS operations. Ligado sought 
another waiver in 2015, that it then amended in 2018, to modify its L-band mobile satellite service network with a 
terrestrial-only proposal designed to address GPS industry-wide concerns. In April 2020, the FCC granted Ligado’s 
waiver request. We oppose this waiver grant out of concern for the interference that we believe Ligado’s proposed 
operations would cause to our IoT GPS devices. Ligado’s operations pursuant to the waiver would result in terrestrial 
use of L-band spectrum, and such operations may interfere with, and harmfully affect, the performance of the Global 
Navigation Satellite System (“GNSS”) receivers in our IoT GPS devices that operate in the 1559-1610MHz band, 
which  is  adjacent  to,  and  within  range  of,  the  L-band  downlink  allocation  for  GPS  operations.  Ligado’s  L-band 
terrestrial operations could impact our operations and impose costs on us to retrofit or replace affected GNSS receivers, 
which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our business is subject to many factors that could cause our quarterly or annual operating results to fluctuate and 
our stock price to be volatile.

Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the 
future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. A majority of our product orders are 
shipped in the final month of the quarter and a significant amount in the last two weeks of the quarter. Some of the 
other factors that could affect our quarterly or annual operating results include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

the timing and amount, or cancellation or rescheduling, of orders for our products or services;

our ability to develop, introduce, ship and support new products, services and enhancements, and manage 
product and services transitions;

announcements  of  new  product  and  service  introductions  and  reductions  in  the  price  of  products  and 
services offered by our competitors;

fluctuations in the cost of telematics devices due to supply shortages or other market factors;

our ability to achieve cost reductions;

our ability to obtain sufficient supplies of sole or limited source components for our products;

our ability to achieve and maintain production volumes and quality levels for our products;

our  ability  to  maintain  the  volume  of  products  and  services  sold  and  the  mix  of  distribution  channels 
through which they are sold;

the loss of any one of our major customers or a significant reduction in orders from those customers;

increased competition, particularly from larger, better capitalized competitors;

fluctuations in demand for our products and services; and

changes  in  telecommunications  and  wireless  market  conditions  specifically  and  economic  conditions 
generally, including as a result of a pandemic or other catastrophic event.

18

Due  in  part  to  factors  such  as  the  timing  of  product  release  dates,  purchase  orders  and  product  availability, 
significant volume shipments of products could occur close to the end of a fiscal quarter. Failure to ship products by 
the end of a quarter may adversely affect operating results in such quarter. In the future, our customers may delay 
delivery schedules or cancel their orders without notice. Due to these and other factors, our quarterly revenue, expenses 
and results of operations could vary significantly in the future, and period-to-period comparisons should not be relied 
upon as indications of future performance.

If we do not meet product and services introduction deadlines or if we fail to predict carrier and end user customer 
preferences among the many evolving wireless industry standards, our business could be adversely affected.

In  the  past,  we  have  experienced  design  and  manufacturing  difficulties  that  have  delayed  the  development, 
introduction  or  marketing  of  new  products,  services  and  enhancements  and  which  caused  us  to  incur  unexpected 
expenses and lost revenue. In addition, some of our existing customers have conditioned their future purchases of our 
products and services on the addition of new features. In the past, we have experienced delays in introducing some 
new product features. Furthermore, in order to compete in some markets, we will have to develop different versions 
of existing products and services that comply with diverse, new or varying governmental regulations and evolving 
wireless industry standards in each market. In our industry, it is critical to our success that we accurately anticipate 
evolving wireless technology standards and that our products and services comply with these standards in relevant 
respects. We are currently focused on engineering and manufacturing products and services that comply with several 
different  wireless  standards.  Any  failure  of  our  products  and  services  to  comply  with  any  one  of  these  or  future 
applicable  standards  could  prevent  or  delay  their  introduction  and  require  costly  and  time-consuming  engineering 
changes. Additionally, if an insufficient number of wireless operators or subscribers adopt the standards to which we 
engineer our products and services, then sales of our new products and services designed to those standards could be 
materially harmed. Our inability to develop new products, services, product features on a timely basis, or the failure 
of new products, services or features to align with evolving wireless standards and achieve market acceptance, could 
adversely affect our business.

Disruptions in global credit and financial markets could materially and adversely affect our business and results 
of operations.

There  is  significant  uncertainty  about  the  stability  of  global  credit  and  financial  markets.  Credit  market 
dislocations could cause interest rates and the cost of borrowing to continue to rise or reduce the availability of credit, 
which could negatively affect customer demand for our products and services if they responded to such credit market 
dislocations by suspending, delaying or reducing their capital expenditures. Moreover, since we currently generate 
more than 25% of our revenues outside the U.S., fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can have an impact 
on demand for our products and services for which the sales are generally denominated in U.S. dollars.

We may be subject to product liability, warranty and recall claims that may increase the costs of doing business 
and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to a risk of product liability or warranty claims if our products or services actually or allegedly 
fail to perform as expected or the use of our products or services results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury and/or 
property damage. While we maintain what we believe to be reasonable limits of insurance coverage to appropriately 
respond to such liability exposures, large product liability claims, if made, could exceed our insurance coverage limits 
and insurance may not continue to be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. There can be no assurance 
that we will not incur significant costs to defend these claims or that we will not experience any product liability losses 
in the future. In addition, if any of our designed products are, or are alleged to be, defective, we may be required to 
participate in recalls and exchanges of such products. The future cost associated with providing product and service 
warranties and/or bearing the cost of repair or replacement of our products, including those that enable our service 
offerings,  could  exceed  our  historical  experience  and  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial 
condition and results of operations.

19

Our inability to identify the origin of conflict minerals in our products could have a material adverse effect on our 
business.

Many of our product lines include tantalum, tungsten, tin, gold and other materials that are considered to be 
“conflict  minerals”  under  the  SEC’s  rules.  Those  rules  require  public  reporting  companies  to  provide  disclosure 
regarding the use of conflict minerals sourced from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries in 
the manufacture of products. Those rules, or similar rules that may be adopted in other jurisdictions, could adversely 
affect our costs, the availability of minerals used in our products and our relationships with customers and suppliers.

We  may  experience  significant  disruptions  in  our  operations  resulting  from  our  enterprise  resource  planning 
system initiatives.

We depend on our IT systems for the efficient functioning of our global business, including accounting, billing, 
data  storage,  purchasing  and  inventory  management.  In  order  to  integrate  and  enhance  our  global  operations,  we 
initiated the phased implementation of an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system across our global operating 
locations to support our operations. The implementation of this ERP system required, and will continue to require, the 
investment  of  human  and  financial  resources.  We  have  incurred,  and  expect  to  incur,  additional  expenses  as  we 
continue to implement, enhance and develop our ERP system. As a result of our ERP initiatives, we may encounter 
difficulties in operating our business, which could disrupt our operations, including our ability to timely ship and track 
customer  orders,  determine  inventory  requirements,  manage  our  supply  chain,  manage  customer  billing  and 
adequately  service  our  customers.  If  we  experience  significant  disruptions  resulting  from  our  ERP  initiatives,  our 
business  and  operations  could  be  disrupted,  including  our  ability  to  report  accurate  and  timely  financial  results. 
Accordingly, such events may disrupt or reduce the efficiency of our global operations and have a material adverse 
effect on our operating results and cash flows.

Because we currently sell, and we intend to grow the sales of, certain of our products and services in countries 
other than the U.S., we are subject to different regulatory regimes. We may not be able to develop products and 
services that comply with the standards of different countries, which could result in our inability to sell our products 
and services and further, we may be subject to political, economic, and other conditions affecting such countries, 
which could result in reduced sales of our products and services and which could adversely affect our business.

If our sales are to grow in the longer term, we believe we must grow our international business. Many countries 
require  communications  equipment  used  in  their  country  to  comply  with  unique  regulations,  including  safety 
regulations, radio frequency allocation schemes and standards. If we cannot develop products that work with different 
standards, we will be unable to sell our products and services in those locations. If compliance proves to be more 
expensive or time consuming than we anticipate, our business would be adversely affected. Some countries have not 
completed their radio frequency allocation process, and therefore, we do not know the standards with which we would 
be  required  to  comply.  Furthermore,  standards  and  regulatory  requirements  are  subject  to  change.  If  we  fail  to 
anticipate or comply with these new standards, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Sales to customers from continuing operations outside the U.S. accounted for 37%, 33% and 35% of our total 
sales for fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Assuming that we continue to sell our 
products and services to foreign customers, which is our expectation, we will be subject to the political, economic and 
other conditions affecting countries or jurisdictions other than the U.S., including those in Latin America, Africa, the 
Middle East, Europe and Asia. Any interruption or curtailment of trade between the countries in which we operate 
and  our  present  trading  partners,  changes  in  exchange  rates,  significant  shift  in  U.S.  trade  policy  toward  these 
countries, or significant downturn in the political, economic or financial condition of these countries, could cause 
demand for and sales of our products and services to decrease, or subject us to increased regulation including future 
import and export restrictions, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Additionally, a substantial portion of our products, components and subassemblies are currently procured from 
foreign suppliers located primarily in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Malaysia, Mexico and other Pacific Rim countries. 
Any significant shift in U.S. trade policy toward these countries or a significant downturn in the political, economic 
or financial condition of these countries could cause disruption of our supply chain or otherwise disrupt operations, 
which could adversely affect our business.

20

Risks Related to Regulatory and Legal Matters

Our global operations and continued international expansion expose us to risks and challenges associated with 
conducting business internationally.

We face several risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including compliance with international 
and  U.S.  laws  and  regulations  that  apply  to  our  international  operations.  These  laws  and  regulations  include  data 
privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, competition regulations, import and trade restrictions, economic 
sanctions, export requirements, U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Act 2010 and 
other local laws that prohibit payments to governmental officials or certain payments or remunerations to customers. 
Given  the  high  level  of  complexity  of  these  laws  there  is  a  risk  that  some  provisions  may  be  breached  by  us,  for 
example through fraudulent or negligent behavior of individual employees, our failure to comply with certain formal 
documentation requirements, or otherwise. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal 
sanctions  against  us,  our  officers  or  our  employees,  requirements  to  obtain  export  licenses,  cessation  of  business 
activities  in  sanctioned  countries,  implementation  of  compliance  programs,  or  prohibitions  on  the  conduct  of  our 
business. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products or services in one or more 
countries and could materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to 
attract and retain employees, our business or operating results.

Global developments (including those related to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union 
or other similar global regulations), or the perception that additional developments could occur, have had and may 
continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and financial markets, and may significantly 
reduce global market liquidity, restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets or 
restrict our access to capital. Given our recent efforts to expand our business throughout Europe, these developments 
could affect our relationships with our existing and future customers, suppliers and employees. Any of these factors 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our products are subject to mandatory regulatory approvals in the U.S. and other countries that are subject 
to change, which could make compliance costly and unpredictable.

Some of our products are subject to certain mandatory regulatory approvals in the U.S. and other countries in 
which  it  operates.  In  the  U.S.,  the  FCC  regulates  many  aspects  of  communication  devices,  including  radiation  of 
electromagnetic energy, biological safety and rules for devices to be connected to the telecommunication networks. 
Although we have obtained the required FCC and various country approvals for all products and services we currently 
sell, there can be no assurance that such approvals can be obtained for future products and services on a timely basis, 
or  at  all.  In  addition,  such  regulatory  requirements  may  change  or  we  may  not  in  the  future  be  able  to  obtain  all 
necessary approvals from countries other than the U.S. in which we currently sell our products and services or in 
which we may sell our products and services in the future.

Ongoing changes to U.S. tax, tariff and import/export regulations may have a negative effect on global economic 
conditions, financial markets and our business.

We import certain products and components from suppliers in China. In the past, the Office of the U.S. Trade 
Representative enacted tariffs on imports into the U.S. from China, resulting in ongoing trade tensions. Although some 
of the products and components we import are affected by the tariffs, at this time, we do not expect these tariffs to 
have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, it is possible that further 
tariffs may be imposed on imports of our products, or that our business will be impacted by retaliatory trade measures 
taken by China or other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, causing us to raise prices or make changes 
to our operations, any of which could have a negative impact on our revenue or operating results.

Evolving regulation and changes in applicable laws relating to data privacy and the Internet may increase our 
expenditures  related  to  compliance  efforts  or  otherwise  limit  the  solutions  we  can  offer,  which  may  harm  our 
business and adversely affect our financial condition.

As Internet commerce continues to evolve, increased regulation by federal, state or foreign agencies becomes 
more  likely.  We  are  particularly  sensitive  to  these  risks  because  the  Internet  is  a  critical  component  of  our  SaaS 
business model. In addition, taxation of services provided over the Internet or other charges imposed by government 
agencies or by private organizations for accessing the Internet may be imposed. Any regulation imposing greater fees 

21

for Internet use or restricting information exchange over the Internet could result in a decline in the use of the Internet 
and the viability of Internet-based services, which could harm our business.

Our  products  and  solutions  enable  us  to  collect,  manage  and  store  a  wide  range  of  data  related  to  fleet 
management such as vehicle location and fuel usage, speed and mileage and, in the case of our field service application, 
customer information, job data, schedule, invoice and other information. A valuable component of our solutions is our 
ability to analyze this data to present the user with actionable business intelligence. We obtain our data from a variety 
of sources, including our customers and third-party providers. The U.S. and various state governments have adopted 
or  proposed  limitations  on  the  collection,  distribution  and  use  of  personal  information  (including  the  California 
Consumer Privacy Act of 2018). Several foreign jurisdictions, including the European Union and the United Kingdom, 
have adopted legislation (including directives or regulations) that increase or change the requirements governing data 
collection and storage in these jurisdictions. Proposed or new legislation and regulations could also significantly affect 
our  business.  There  currently  are  a  number  of  proposals  pending  before  federal,  state,  and  foreign  legislative  and 
regulatory bodies. In addition, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) took effect in May 
2018. The GDPR includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents 
of the European Union. For example, we may be required to obtain consent and/or offer new controls to existing and 
new users in Europe before processing data. In addition, the GDPR includes significant penalties for non-compliance. 
Furthermore, other international jurisdictions, including Singapore, South Korea, China, Brazil, Mexico and Australia, 
have also implemented laws relating to data privacy and protection.

Violations  of  these  laws,  or  allegations  of  such  violations,  could  subject  us  to  litigation,  regulatory 
investigations,  cash  and  non-cash  penalties  for  noncompliance,  disrupt  our  operations,  involve  significant 
management  distraction  and  result  in  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. Moreover, if future laws and regulations limit our customers’ ability to use and share this data, or our 
ability to store, process and share data with our customers over the Internet, demand for our solutions could decrease, 
our costs could increase, and our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, and our competitors may be able to offer similar 
products and services that would harm our competitive position.

Our ability to succeed in wireless data communications markets may depend, in large part, upon our intellectual 
property for some of our wireless technologies. We currently rely primarily on patents, trademark and trade secret 
laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish and protect our intellectual property. However, 
these mechanisms provide us with only limited protection. We currently hold almost 300 patents worldwide. As part 
of  our  confidentiality  procedures,  we  enter  into  non-disclosure  and  invention  assignment  agreements  with  all 
employees,  including  officers,  managers  and  engineers.  Despite  these  precautions,  third  parties  could  copy  or 
otherwise  obtain  and  use  our  technology  without  authorization,  or  develop  similar  technology  independently. 
Furthermore, effective protection of intellectual property rights is unavailable or limited in some foreign countries. 
The protection of our intellectual property rights may not provide us with any legal remedy should our competitors 
independently  develop  similar  technology,  duplicate  our  products  and  services,  or  design  around  any  intellectual 
property rights we hold.

We rely on access to third-party patents and intellectual property, and our future results could be materially and 
adversely affected if we are unable to secure such access in the future.

Many of our products and services are designed to include third-party intellectual property, and in the future, 
we may need to seek or renew licenses relating to such intellectual property. Although we believe that, based on past 
experience and industry practice, such licenses generally can be obtained on reasonable terms, there is no assurance 
that  the  necessary  licenses  would  be  available  on  acceptable  terms  or  at  all.  Some  licenses  we  obtain  may  be 
nonexclusive and, therefore, our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If we fail to 
obtain a required license or are unable to design around a patent where we do not hold a license, we may be unable to 
sell some of our hardware solutions and services, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to design and 
incorporate alternative technologies, without a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results 
of operations.

22

Our  competitors  have  or  may  obtain  patents  that  could  restrict  our  ability  to  offer  our  products,  software  and 
services, or subject us to additional costs, which could impede our ability to offer our products, software and services 
and otherwise adversely affect us. In addition, third parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property 
and proprietary rights and may prevent us from manufacturing and selling some of our products and services and 
subject us to litigation over intellectual property rights or other commercial issues.

Several of our competitors have obtained and can be expected to obtain patents that cover products, software 
and services directly or indirectly related to those offered by us. There can be no assurance that we are aware of all 
existing  patents  held  by  our  competitors  or  other  third  parties  containing  claims  that  may  pose  a  risk  of  our 
infringement on such claims by our products, software and services. In addition, patent applications in the U.S. may 
be confidential until a patent is issued and, accordingly, we cannot evaluate the extent to which our hardware, software 
and services solutions may infringe on future patent rights held by others.

Even  with  technology  that  we  develop  independently,  a  third  party  may  claim  that  we  are  using  inventions 
claimed by their patents and may initiate litigation to stop us from engaging in our normal operations and activities, 
such as engineering and development and the sale of any of our products, software and services. Furthermore, because 
of rapid technological changes in the mobile resource management (“MRM”) and IoT marketplaces, current extensive 
patent coverage, and the rapid issuance of new patents, it is possible that certain components of our products, software, 
services, and business methods may unknowingly infringe the patents or other intellectual property rights of third 
parties. From time to time, we have been notified that we may be infringing such rights.

In  the  highly  competitive  and  technology-dependent  telecommunications  field  in  particular,  litigation  over 
intellectual property rights is a significant business risk, and some third parties (referred to as non-practicing, or patent-
assertion,  entities)  are  pursuing  a  litigation  strategy  with  the  goal  of  monetizing  otherwise  unutilized  intellectual 
property portfolios via licensing arrangements entered into under threat of continued litigation. These lawsuits relate 
to the validity, enforceability, and infringement of patents or proprietary rights of third parties. We may have to defend 
ourselves against allegations that we violated patents or proprietary rights of third parties.

Regardless  of  merit,  responding  to  such  litigation  may  be  costly,  unpredictable,  time-consuming,  and  often 
involves  complex  legal,  scientific,  and  factual  questions,  and  could  divert  the  attention  of  our  management  and 
technical personnel. In certain cases, we may consider the desirability of entering into such licensing agreements or 
arrangements, although no assurance can be given that these licenses can be obtained on acceptable terms or at all or 
that litigation will not occur. If we are found to be infringing any intellectual property rights, we could lose our right 
to develop, manufacture, or market products and services, product and services launches could be delayed, or we could 
be  required  to  pay  substantial  monetary  damages  or  royalties  to  license  proprietary  rights  from  third  parties.  If  a 
temporary or permanent injunction is granted by a court prohibiting us from marketing or selling certain products, 
software and services, or a successful claim of infringement against us requires us to pay royalties to a third party, our 
financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected, regardless of whether we can 
develop non-infringing technology.

23

Risks Related to Third Parties

We depend to some extent upon wireless networks owned and controlled by others, unproven business models, and 
emerging wireless carrier models to deliver existing services and to grow.

Our telematics products and software services depend upon Internet-based systems that are proprietary to our 
business. These applications, which are hosted at independent data centers and are connected via access points to 
cellular  networks,  are  used  by  our  customers  and  by  us  to  configure  and  communicate  with  wireless  devices  for 
purposes of determining location, speed or other conditions of vehicles and other mobile or fixed assets, and to deliver 
configuration code or executable commands to the devices. If we do not have continued access to sufficient capacity 
on reliable networks, we may be unable to deliver services and our sales could decrease. Our ability to grow and 
achieve profitability partly depends on our ability to buy sufficient capacity on the networks of wireless carriers and 
on the reliability and security of their systems. Some of our wireless services are delivered using airtime purchased 
from third parties. We depend on these third parties to provide uninterrupted service free from errors or defects and 
would not be able to satisfy our customers’ needs if such third parties failed to provide the required capacity or needed 
level of service. If these Internet-based systems failed or were otherwise compromised in some way, it could adversely 
affect the proper functioning of the wireless tracking and monitoring devices that we sell, and could result in damages 
to us as a result of the temporary or permanent inability of our customers to wirelessly communicate with these devices. 
In  addition,  our  expenses  would  increase,  and  profitability  could  be  materially  and  adversely  affected  if  wireless 
carriers were to significantly increase the prices of their services. Our existing agreements with the wireless carriers 
generally have one- to three-year terms. Some of these wireless carriers are, or could become, our competitors.

We rely upon Amazon Web Services to operate certain aspects of our service, and any disruption of or interference 
with  our  use  of  the  Amazon  Web  Services  operation  would  impact  our  operations  and  our  business  would  be 
materially and adversely impacted.

Amazon  Web  Services  (“AWS”)  provides  a  distributed  computing  infrastructure  platform  for  business 
operations, or what is commonly referred to as a “cloud” computing service. We have architected our software and 
computer systems so as to utilize data processing, storage capabilities, and other services provided by AWS. Certain 
of our SaaS platforms and applications are hosted by AWS. Given this, along with the fact that we cannot easily switch 
our AWS operations to another cloud service provider, any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would 
impact our operations and our business would be materially and adversely impacted.

Additional Risks Related to Our Convertible Notes and Indebtedness

The  conditional  conversion  feature  of  the  Notes,  if  triggered,  may  adversely  affect  our  financial  condition  and 
operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of the Notes will be entitled to 
convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their 
Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other 
than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our 
conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if 
holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or 
a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a 
material reduction of our net working capital.

The  accounting  method  for  the  2025  Convertible  Notes,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  reported 
financial results.

Under applicable accounting standards that became effective March 1, 2022, the shares underlying the 2025 
Convertible  Notes  will  be  reflected  in  our  diluted  earnings  per  share  using  the  “if  converted”  method.  Under  that 
method, diluted earnings per share would generally be calculated assuming that all the 2025 Convertible Notes were 
converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-
dilutive.  The  application  of  the  if-converted  method  may  reduce  our  reported  diluted  earnings  per  share,  and 
accounting standards may change in the future in a manner that may adversely affect our diluted earnings per share.

24

The capped call, convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may adversely affect the value of our Notes and 
our common stock.

In connection with the sale of the 2025 Convertible Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call 
transactions with option counterparties. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential 
dilution to our common stock upon any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments we are 
required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or 
offset  subject  to  a  cap.  In  connection  with  establishing  any  hedges  of  the  capped  call  transactions,  the  option 
counterparties or their respective affiliates may enter into various derivative transactions with respect to our common 
stock and/or purchase shares of our common stock. This activity could increase (or reduce the size of any decrease in) 
the market price of our common stock or the Notes at that time. In addition, the option counterparties and/or their 
respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect 
to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market 
transactions  prior  to  the  maturity  of  the  Notes  (and  are  likely  to  do  so  during  any  observation  period  related  to  a 
conversion of Notes). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our 
common stock or the Notes, which could affect investors’ ability to convert the Notes and, to the extent the activity 
occurs following conversion or during any observation period related to a conversion of Notes, it could affect the 
amount and value of the consideration that investors will receive upon conversion of the Notes.

The effect, if any, of these activities, including the direction or magnitude, on the market price of our common 
stock will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of 
these activities could, however, adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the trading price of the 
Notes.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions.

The option counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we will be subject 
to the risk that one or more option counterparties may default under the capped call and/or convertible note hedge 
transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If any 
of  the  option  counterparties  becomes  subject  to  insolvency  proceedings,  we  will  become  an  unsecured  creditor  in 
those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at the time under those transactions. Our exposure will depend 
on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in the market price of 
our common stock and in the volatility of the market price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an 
option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and more dilution than we currently anticipate with 
respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of any of the option 
counterparties.

We may incur substantially more debt or take other actions that could diminish our ability to make payments on 
the 2025 Convertible Notes.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions 
contained in our future debt instruments, some of which may be secured debt. We are not restricted under the terms 
of the indenture governing the 2025 Convertible Notes from incurring additional debt, securing existing or future debt, 
recapitalizing our debt or taking a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the indentures governing 
the 2025 Convertible Notes that could have the effect of diminishing our ability to make payments on the Notes when 
due.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock and the Securities Market

The trading price of shares of our common stock may be affected by many factors and the price of shares of our 
common stock could decline.

As a publicly traded company, the trading price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in the past. 
The  future  trading  price  of  our  common  stock  may  be  volatile  and  could  be  subject  to  wide  price  fluctuations  in 
response to such factors, including:

•

•

actual or anticipated fluctuations in revenues or operating results;

acts of, or escalations in, war or terrorism;

25

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

failure to meet securities analysts’ or investors’ expectations of performance;

sales of our common stock by us, or insiders or our other stockholders;

changes in key management personnel;

announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;

developments in or disputes regarding patents and proprietary rights; 

proposed and completed acquisitions by us or our competitors; 

the mix of products and services sold; 

the effects of the recent global COVID-19 pandemic;

the timing, placement and fulfillment of significant orders; 

product and service pricing and discounts; 

fluctuations in interest rates and inflation rates; and

general economic conditions.

Future issuances of shares of our common stock could dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders.

Any issuance of equity securities could dilute the interests of our stockholders and could substantially decrease 
the trading price of our common stock. We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including 
to finance our operations and business strategy (including in connection with acquisitions, strategic collaborations or 
other transactions), to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of outstanding 
options or for other reasons. To the extent we issue common stock upon conversion of the 2025 Convertible Notes, 
that conversion could dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. In circumstances other than at maturity, the 
2025 Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of 
common stock, at our election, based on an initial conversion rate of 32.5256 shares of common stock per $1,000 
principal amount of the convertible notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of $30.7450 per share of 
common stock, subject to customary adjustments.

General Risk Factors

Unfavorable  global  economic  conditions  could  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition  or  results  of 
operations.

A severe or prolonged economic downturn, additional global financial crises, macroeconomic issues or trade 
imbalances caused by events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, inflation, rising interest rates, availability of capital 
markets, energy availability and costs or governmental initiatives to manage economic conditions could result in a 
variety of risks to our business, and our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. 
A weak or declining economy could also strain our suppliers, possibly resulting in further supply disruption.

We cannot predict changes in worldwide or regional economic conditions and government policies, as such 
conditions are highly volatile and beyond our control. If these conditions deteriorate for extended periods, however, 
our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. 

Anti-takeover defenses in our charter and under Delaware law could prevent us from being acquired or limit the 
price that investors might be willing to pay for our common stock in an acquisition.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any 
business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years from the time the person became an 
interested stockholder, unless specific conditions are met. In addition, we have in place various protections which 
would make it difficult for a company or investor to buy our business without the approval of our Board of Directors, 
including authorized but undesignated preferred stock and provisions requiring advance notice of board nominations 
and other actions to be taken at stockholder meetings. All of the foregoing could hinder, delay or prevent a change in 
control and could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

26

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal 
district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us 
and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes 
with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive 

forum for:

•

•

•

•

•

any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by, or other wrongdoing by, any of our 
directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders;

any  action  asserting  a  claim  against  us  arising  pursuant  to  any  provision  of  the  Delaware  General 
Corporation Law, our restated certificate of incorporation, or our amended and restated bylaws;

any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our restated certificate of incorporation 
or our amended and restated bylaws; and

any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine;

provided, that with respect to any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf to enforce any liability 
or duty created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or the rules and regulations thereunder, the exclusive forum 
will be the federal district courts of the United States of America. Our restated and amended bylaws further provide 
that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint 
asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it 
finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits 
against us and our directors, officers and other employees.

If  securities  or  industry  analysts  issue  an  adverse  or  misleading  opinion  regarding  our  business  or  publish 

unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that industry or securities 
analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us ceases coverage of our Company 
or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause 
our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if any of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or 
issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model or our stock performance, or if our operating 
results fail to meet the expectations of the investor community, our stock price could decline.

Our success depends on the attraction and retention of senior management and technical personnel with relevant 
expertise.

As  a  competitor  in  a  highly  technical  market,  we  depend  heavily  upon  the  efforts  of  our  existing  senior 
management and technical teams. The loss of the services of one or more members of these teams could slow product 
and  services  development  and  commercialization  objectives.  Due  to  the  specialized  nature  of  our  products  and 
services, we also depend upon our ability to attract and retain qualified technical personnel with substantial industry 
knowledge and expertise. Competition for qualified personnel is intense, and we may not be able to continue to attract 
and retain qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business.

27

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial 
statements  could  be  impaired,  which  could  harm  our  operating  results,  our  ability  to  operate  our  business  and 
investors’ views of us.

We are subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC, including those rules and regulations mandated by the 
Sarbanes-Oxley  Act.  Section  404  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  requires  public  companies  to  include  in  their  annual 
report a statement of management’s responsibilities for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over 
financial  reporting,  together  with  an  assessment  of  the  effectiveness  of  those  internal  controls.  Section  404  also 
requires the independent auditors of certain public companies to attest to, and report on, this management assessment. 
Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can 
produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that will need to be 
evaluated  frequently.  Our  failure  to  maintain  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  controls  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could lose investor 
confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on the price 
of our common stock. In addition, if our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations, and standards differ 
from  the  activities  intended  by  regulatory  or  governing  bodies  due  to  ambiguities  related  to  practice,  regulatory 
authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

Lack of expected dividends may make our stock less attractive as an investment.

We intend to retain all future earnings for use in the development of our business. We do not anticipate paying 
any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. In certain cases, stocks that pay regular dividends 
command higher market trading prices, and so our stock price may be lower as a result of our dividend policy. 

We may be subject to legal proceedings that could adversely affect our business.

We may be subject to legal claims or regulatory matters involving stockholder, consumer, antitrust, intellectual 
property  infringement,  product  liability  and  other  issues.  Litigation  is  subject  to  inherent  uncertainties,  including 
increases in demands for attention on our management team, and unfavorable rulings could occur. An unfavorable 
ruling could include money damages. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect 
on our business, financial condition and results of operations for the period in which the ruling occurred or future 
periods. See also “Item 3 – Legal Proceedings” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our stock price has been highly volatile in the past and could be highly volatile in the future.

The market price of our stock can be highly volatile due to the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual 
Report, as well as other factors, including substantial volatility in quarterly revenues and earnings due to comments 
by securities analysts and our failure to meet market expectations.

Over the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, the price of our common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global 
Select Market ranged from a high of $7.62 to a low of $2.96. The stock market has from time to time experienced 
extreme price and volume fluctuations that were unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In 
the past, companies that have experienced volatility have sometimes subsequently become the subject of securities 
class action litigation. If litigation were instituted on this basis, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of 
management’s attention and resources.

We may not be able to generate sufficient future taxable income to utilize our net operating loss and tax credit 
carryforwards. In addition, our ability to utilize our federal net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be 
limited under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). 

As discussed in Note 13, as of February 28, 2023, we maintained a valuation allowance with respect to certain 
of  our  deferred  tax  assets  relating  primarily  to  net  operating  losses  and  tax  credits  in  U.S.  and  certain  non-U.S. 
jurisdictions that we believe are not likely to be realized. We considered positive and negative evidence, including 
three years of cumulative losses considering forecasts of future profitability as of February 28, 2023, in assessing our 
ability to realize our domestic net deferred tax assets.

28

Also, as of February 28, 2023, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $80.6 million and 
$87.8 million for federal and state tax purposes, respectively. The federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards are 
subject  to  various  limitations  under  Section  382  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code.  The  ability  to  utilize  our  NOL 
carryforwards to reduce taxable income in future years could become subject to significant limitations under Section 
382 of the Internal Revenue Code if we undergo an ownership change. 

The limitations apply if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” which is generally defined as a greater 
than  fifty  (50)  percentage  point  change  (by  value)  in  its  equity  ownership  by  stockholders  who  own  directly  or 
indirectly, 5% or more of our common stock, over a three (3)-year period. Future changes in our stock ownership, 
which  may  be  outside  of  our  control,  may  trigger  an  ownership  change  and,  consequently,  Section  382  and  383 
limitations. Similar provisions of state tax law may also apply to limit our use of accumulated state tax attributes. As 
a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other 
tax attributes to offset such taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased 
future income tax liability to us. We continue to monitor stockholders who own directly or indirectly, 5% or more of 
our common stock to determine if we have experienced an ownership change pursuant to Section 382.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We are headquartered in Irvine, California with operations principally in the U.S., U.K., Italy and Mexico. We 
conduct engineering as well as research and development activities at our facilities in the United States, while our 
sales and administrative functions are performed in the U.S., U.K., Italy and Mexico. We periodically evaluate our 
facility requirements as necessary and believe our existing and planned facilities are sufficient for our needs for at 
least the next 12 months. All of our properties are leased facilities located in the following areas: 

Location

Irvine, California
Richardson, Texas
Carlsbad, California
Eden Prairie, Minnesota

Square
Footage

Location

23,000 Guadalajara, Mexico
24,000 Mexico City, Mexico
29,000 Milan, Italy
7,000 Rome, Italy

London, U.K.

Square
Footage

3,000
17,000
10,000
2,000
6,000

We vacated our Indianapolis, Indiana facility as part of our plan to capture certain synergies and cost savings 
related to streamlining our global operations effective at the end of Fiscal 2021. This facility was used to support our 
Synovia operations. This facility is sublet through February 2024.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, various claims and litigation may be asserted or commenced against us arising from our 
ordinary course of business. In particular, we may receive claims concerning contract performance, or claims that our 
products or services infringe the intellectual property of third parties. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have 
an adverse impact on us because of deferred costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. See Note 18, 
Commitments  and  Contingencies,  of  the  Notes  to  the  accompanying  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  below  for 
information regarding the legal proceedings in which we are involved. 

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

29

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the ticker symbol CAMP. The following 
graph  and  table  compare  our  stock  performance  to  three  stock  indices  over  a  five-year  period  assuming  $100 
investment was made on the last day of fiscal year 2018:

Years Ended February 28/29,
CalAmp Corp.
Nasdaq Composite Index
Nasdaq Electronic Components
Nasdaq Telecommunications

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

100
100
100
100

59
90
99
105

41
120
99
116

48
187
139
136

30
196
153
136

18
165
147
117

At April 24, 2023, we had approximately 1,200 stockholders of record. The number of stockholders of record 
does not include the number of persons having beneficial ownership held in “street name” which are estimated to 
approximate 14,000. We have never paid a cash dividend and have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our 
Common Stock. In addition, our revolving credit facility prohibits payment of dividends without the prior written 
consent of the lender under certain circumstances.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required by this Item will be included in our definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting 

of Stockholders to be held on July 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by this reference.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

For the twelve months ended February 28, 2023, there have been no shares repurchased by the Company. 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

The Company did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the twelve months ended February 28, 2023.

30

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not applicable. 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS

Overview

CalAmp Corp. (including its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, “CalAmp”, “the Company”, 
“we”,  “our”,  or  “us”),  incorporated  in  1981  and  re-incorporated  in  Delaware  in  1987,  is  a  connected  intelligence 
company  that  leverages  a  data-driven  solutions  ecosystem  to  help  people  and  organizations  improve  operational 
performance. We solve complex problems for customers within the market verticals of transportation and logistics, 
commercial and government fleets, industrial equipment, government and consumer vehicles by providing solutions 
that track, monitor and recover their vital assets. The data and insights enabled by CalAmp solutions provide real-time 
visibility into a user’s vehicles, assets, drivers, and cargo, giving organizations greater understanding and control of 
their  operations.  Ultimately,  these  insights  drive  operational  visibility,  safety,  efficiency,  maintenance,  and 
sustainability for organizations around the world. Headquartered in Irvine, California, we have an installed base of 
approximately 10 million devices reporting to our cloud-based platform and approximately 1.6 million software and 
subscription services subscribers worldwide.

Reportable Segments

We operate under two reportable segments: Software & Subscription Services and Telematics Products.

Software & Subscription Services

Our Software & Subscription Services segment offers solutions comprised of telematics devices bundled with 
cloud-based application enablement and telematics service platforms that facilitate integration of our own applications, 
as well as those of third parties, through open APIs to deliver full-featured mobile IoT solutions to a wide range of 
customers and markets. Our scalable proprietary applications and other subscription services enable rapid and cost-
effective  development  of  high-value  solutions  for  customers  all  around  the  globe.  Services  include  tracking  and 
monitoring services within Fleet Management as well as Supply Chain Integrity and International Vehicle Location.

Telematics Products

Our  Telematics  Products  segment  offers  a  series  of  advanced  telematics  products  for  the  broader  connected 
vehicle and emerging industrial IoT marketplace, which enable customers to optimize their operations by collecting, 
monitoring and effectively reporting business-critical information and desired intelligence from high-value remote 
and mobile assets. Our telematics products include asset tracking units, mobile telematics devices, fixed and mobile 
wireless gateways, and routers. These wireless networking devices underpin a wide range of solutions, and are ideal 
for applications demanding secure, reliable and business-critical communications. Telematics Products include OEM 
and MRM products.

Recent Developments

Transition of MRM Telematics Customers to Subscription Arrangements

In  the  second  half  of  Fiscal  2022,  we  prompted  a  strategic  shift  with  customers  who  historically  purchased 
Mobile Resource Management (“MRM”) telematics devices from us whereby many of these customers were to be 
transitioned to subscription-based arrangements by way of bundling services with telematics devices under multi-year 
(generally three years) subscription contracts. Beginning in Fiscal 2022 and through Fiscal 2023, we transitioned a 
substantial  majority  of  the  MRM  business  to  multi-year  subscription  contracts.  As  a  result,  our  financial  results 
associated with such subscription arrangements is reported within our Software & Subscription Services reporting 
segment prospectively from the effective date of such underlying contracts which in Fiscal 2023 led to growth in our 
Software & Subscription Services business with a corresponding decline in our Telematics Products business. Long 
term we believe this shift will allow us to drive revenue growth as we generate incremental revenue from our existing 
customer base as well as new customers through current and anticipated broader future subscription service offerings.

31

Sale of LoJack North America Operations

Effective March 15, 2021, we sold certain assets and transferred certain liabilities of the LoJack North America 
business.  Accordingly,  the  LoJack  North  America  operations  are  presented  as  discontinued  operations  in  the 
accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended February 28, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Unless  otherwise  indicated,  the  financial  disclosures  and  related  information  provided  herein  relate  to  our 

continuing operations and we have recast prior period amounts to reflect discontinued operations.

Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Revenues

Revenues associated with our reportable segments are as follows:

Software & Subscription Services (“S&SS”). Our SaaS-based solutions provide our customers with the ability 
to wirelessly communicate with monitoring devices installed in vehicles and other mobile or remote assets via our 
cloud-based telematics platform and software applications. S&SS customer arrangements generally include a bundling 
of subscription services combined with the sale or lease of telematics devices necessary to provide the associated 
services. Depending upon the elements of a given contractual arrangement, it may contain one or multiple performance 
obligations that are individually recognized as revenue over a subscription period or at a point in time based upon how 
the performance obligation is fulfilled. 

Telematics Products. Our products revenues consist primarily of sales of our telematics products or wireless 
networking  devices  to  large  global  companies  as  well  as  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises.  Revenues  from  our 
products are reported net of sales returns and allowances, and incentives. The prices charged for telematics products 
are  determined  through  negotiation  with  our  customers  as  well  as  prevailing  market  conditions  and  are  fixed  and 
determinable upon shipment. 

From  time  to  time,  we  provide  various  professional  services  to  customers  including  project  management, 
engineering services, and installation services. Revenues for professional services are typically distinct from other 
performance obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed.

Cost of Revenues

Our  cost  of  revenues  for  application  subscriptions  and  other  services  includes  personnel  costs  and  related 
benefits, consultants, software development activities, cellular network access costs, infrastructure costs for use of 
private networking services, and other costs that are required to deliver these services to our customers. Our cost of 
revenues for application subscriptions and other services also includes the cost of devices that are sold on an integrated 
basis with applicable subscriptions. If the subscription services and associated telematics devices are determined to 
represent a single combined performance obligation, the device costs are capitalized and are recognized ratably, on a 
straight-line basis, over the estimated average in-service lives of these devices.

Our cost of revenues for telematics products represent the cost of finished goods sold to our customers and are 
recognized  at  the  point  in  time  control  passes  to  the  customer.  These  costs  include  raw  materials,  manufacturing 
overhead and labor costs, as well as customs and duties, license royalties, recycling fees, insurance and other costs 
that are included in the price that we negotiate and pay to our contract manufacturers and component suppliers for the 
products. The cost of revenues also includes charges related to excess and obsolete inventories and the cost of fulfilling 
product warranties.

We continually negotiate to reduce the cost we pay to our suppliers in order to maintain consistent low prices 
for our customers. We accomplish this by working with our suppliers to find alternative, less expensive sources of 
raw materials and components as well as eliminating excess costs throughout our supply chain.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of revenues, or gross margin, is influenced by several factors 
including sales volume, product and service mix, and excess and obsolescence (“E&O”) charges and other product 
costs. We expect gross margin to fluctuate over time based on how we control the mix of product and services and 
manage  our  inventory.  Additionally,  although  we  primarily  procure  and  sell  our  products  in  U.S.  dollars,  we  are 
susceptible to exchange rate fluctuations with other currencies. To the extent that exchange rates move unfavorably 

32

this may have an impact on our future selling prices and unit costs. Gross profit and gross margin may fluctuate over 
time based on the factors described above.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist principally of personnel related costs, including salaries and bonuses, fringe 
benefits and stock-based compensation as well as the cost of professional services, information technology, facilities 
and other administrative expenses. We classify our operating expenses into the following six categories: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Research and development expense consists of personnel related costs, professional services, certification 
fees and software licenses incurred to support our existing installed base of telematics devices through 
our field application engineers, software developers, program and product managers, as well as our effort 
to develop new products and technologies. 

Selling and marketing expense consists of personnel related costs including our incentive programs to 
support our global sales organization as well as advertising and marketing promotions of our brands and 
products, including media advertisement costs, merchandising and display costs, trade show and event 
costs, and sponsorship costs. 

General and administrative expense consists of personnel related costs to support our global enterprise as 
well as outside services for legal, accounting, insurance, information technology, investor relations and 
other costs associated with being a public company. 

Intangible asset amortization is attributable to our acquired identifiable intangible assets from business 
combinations. Our acquired intangible assets with definite lives are amortized from the date of acquisition 
over periods ranging from four to fifteen years. 

Restructuring  expense  consists  of  personnel  and  facility  related  costs  resulting  from  our  various  cost 
savings initiatives. Personnel costs represent severance and employee related costs, and facility charges 
represent expenses for vacant office and manufacturing facility space under Corporate Expenses.

Impairment losses consist of write-offs of long-lived tangible and intangible assets for which carrying 
value is determined to be in excess of realizable value. 

We expect our operating costs will increase in absolute dollars due to the anticipated growth of our business and 
related  infrastructure  as  well  as  expansion  into  new  geographic  regions.  Operating  expense  may  fluctuate  as  a 
percentage of revenue throughout the year due to discrete quarterly events and seasonal trends. 

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

Non-operating income (expense) consists of (i) investment and interest income earned on our cash balances and 
investments, (ii) interest expense on our convertible senior unsecured notes including the amortization of note discount 
and debt issuance costs, and (iii) other income (expense) that includes but is not limited to transaction gains and losses 
and foreign currency gains and losses.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and related states as well as foreign jurisdictions in which we do 
business. These foreign jurisdictions have statutory tax rates different than the U.S. statutory tax rate. Accordingly, 
our effective tax rate will vary from the U.S. statutory income tax rate due to the amount of income allocable to each 
tax jurisdiction, tax credits, and changes in valuation allowances which are provided against net deferred tax assets 
when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. 

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Effective March 15, 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and Spireon entered into an agreement 
pursuant to which we sold certain assets and transferred certain liabilities of the LoJack North America business to 
Spireon and we received net proceeds from Spireon of $6.6 million. On November 9, 2021, the purchase price was 
reduced by $0.9 million, which was paid to Spireon, due to final working capital adjustments. We recognized a gain 
on the sale of the LoJack North America business of $4.1 million during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2022.

33

Operations  for  LoJack  North  America  are  presented  as  discontinued  operations  in  the  accompanying 
consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2022, and 2021, respectively. For the fiscal 
year ended February 28, 2022, we have reported the operating results and cash flows related to the LoJack North 
America operations through March 14, 2021. See Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information.

Adjusted EBITDA

In addition to our U.S. GAAP results, we present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental non-GAAP measure of 
our performance. Our CEO, the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate and 
monitor segment performance. A non-GAAP financial measure is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s 
financial performance that excludes or includes amounts to be different than the most directly comparable measure 
calculated  and  presented  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  in  the  statements  of 
comprehensive income (loss), balance sheets or statements of cash flows. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings 
before investment income, interest expenses, taxes, depreciation, amortization, net income (loss) from discontinued 
operations, stock-based compensation, acquisition and integration expenses, non-cash costs and expenses arising from 
purchase accounting adjustments, litigation and legal expenses, gains and losses from legal settlements, impairment 
losses and certain other adjustments. We believe this non-GAAP financial information provides additional insight into 
our ongoing performance and have therefore chosen to provide this information to investors for a more consistent 
basis of comparison to help investors evaluate our results of ongoing operations and enable more meaningful period-
to-period  comparisons.  Pursuant  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  U.S.  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission 
regarding  the  use  of  non-GAAP  financial  measures,  we  have  provided  a  reconciliation  of  non-GAAP  financial 
measures  to  the  most  directly  comparable  financial  measure.  See  Note  19,  Segment  and  Geographic  Data,  to  the 
accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information related to Adjusted EBITDA by reportable 
segments and reconciliation to net income (loss).

34

OPERATING RESULTS

The following table sets forth the percentage of revenues represented by items included in our consolidated 

statements of income for the three most recent fiscal years:

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative
Intangible asset amortization
Restructuring
Impairment losses

Operating loss
Non-operating expense, net
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax provision from continuing operations
Net loss from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

100.0%
63.0
37.0

100.0%
58.8
41.2

100.0%
60.3
39.7

8.3
16.1
17.6
1.8
1.6
-
(8.4)
(2.3)
(10.7)
(0.4)
(11.1)
-
(11.1)

9.6
16.4
17.7
1.8
0.2
-
(4.5)
(5.6)
(10.1)
(0.4)
(10.5)
1.1
(9.4)

8.4
15.0
15.9
1.5
0.8
0.3
(2.2)
(4.5)
(6.7)
(0.2)
(6.9)
(11.4)
(18.3)

Unless otherwise indicated, the discussion on our results of operations provided below relates to our continuing 
operations and we have recast prior period amounts for purposes of historical comparisons. See Note 2, Discontinued
Operations, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. 

Fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 (“Fiscal 2023”) compared to fiscal year ended February 28, 2022 (“Fiscal 
2022”):

Revenue by Segment

Fiscal years ended February 28,
2022
2023

(In thousands)
Segment
Software & Subscription Services $ 184,728
110,221
Telematics Products
$ 294,949
Total

$

% of 
Revenue

$

% of 
Revenue

$

Change % Change

62.6% $ 154,315
141,524
37.4%
100.0% $ 295,839

52.2% $ 30,413
47.8% (31,303)
(890)
100.0% $

19.7%
(22.1%)
(0.3%)

Our Software & Subscription Services enable customers to gather and analyze critical data used to track, monitor 
and recover vital mobile assets with real-time visibility and insights. Our services focus on three principal end markets: 
(i)  transportation  and  logistics,  (ii)  government  and  municipalities,  and  (iii)  connected  car  services.  As  described 
above, in Fiscal 2022 we began entering into subscription-based arrangements with customers that historically have 
purchased MRM telematics hardware from us, a shift that favorably impacted revenues in our Software & Subscription 
Services segment and unfavorably impacted revenues in our Telematics Products segment. In Fiscal 2022, we began 
experiencing supply shortages driven by the global pandemic. These supply imbalances  intensified during Fiscal 2023 
and adversely impacted all parts of our business. We expect these supply shortages to continue and to diminish in the 
coming year as suppliers strive to create additional production capacity. 

As  of  February 28,  2023,  our  remaining  contractual  performance  obligations  for  software  &  subscription 
services were $234.5 million as compared to $202.0 million as of February 28, 2022. The majority of the growth in 
contractual  performance  obligations  was  driven  by  the  conversion  of  telematics  products  customers  to  multi-year 
subscription contracts as well as new contracts within the government and municipality markets and connected car 
markets.

35

In Fiscal 2023, Software & Subscription Services revenue increased by $30.4 million or 19.7% compared to 
Fiscal 2022 largely due to increased transportation and logistics revenues generated through the transition of MRM 
telematics hardware customers onto multi-year subscription arrangements. Active subscribers increased 50% as of the 
end of Fiscal 2023 when compared to Fiscal 2022. As mentioned above, supply shortages have impacted our ability 
to procure the devices we utilize to deliver our subscription services, which has constrained our ability to install our 
devices and initiate new subscription services.

Telematics Products revenue, comprised primarily of MRM telematics and OEM/network products, decreased 
by  $31.3  million  or  22.1%  in  Fiscal  year  2023  compared  to  Fiscal  2022.  This  decrease  was  largely  driven  by  the 
conversion of certain MRM telematics hardware customers onto multi-year subscription contracts, and thus revenues 
generated after the contract effective dates for these customers are classified within Software & Subscription Services 
revenues to the extent they are associated with a subscription arrangement. Telematics Products revenues have also 
been negatively impacted by the supply shortages described above, thereby limiting our ability to fulfill customer 
orders.

Gross Profit by Segment

Fiscal years ended February 28,
2022
2023

(In thousands)
Segment
Software & Subscription Services $ 79,478
29,533
Telematics Products
$ 109,011
Gross profit

$

% of 
Revenue

$

% of 
Revenue

$

Change % Change

43.0% $ 76,945
44,941
26.8%
37.0% $ 121,886

49.9% $ 2,533
31.8% (15,408)
41.2% $(12,875)

3.3%
(34.3%)
(10.6%)

Consolidated  gross  profit  for  Fiscal  2023  decreased  by  $12.9  million  or  10.6%  versus  Fiscal  2022  and 
consolidated gross margin decreased by 420 basis points in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022. These decreases 
were largely due to the continued supply constraints described above, which has in some cases prevented the sourcing 
of certain scarce essential semiconductors and electronics components at normal market prices. In particular, given 
aged backlog demand and critical backlog for customers impacted by Verizon’s February 2023 3G network sunset, 
during the second half of Fiscal 2023 we sourced various components through electronics brokers at elevated prices. 
We anticipate that we may need to source certain semiconductors and electronics components through brokers in the 
coming year, but to a lesser extent. Gross margin was also negatively impacted in Fiscal 2023 by an unfavorable shift 
in customer and product mix. These negative impacts to gross profit and gross margin were partially offset by the 
increased proportion of overall sales occurring within Software & Subscription Services, which has a higher margin 
profile, in Fiscal 2023. 

Software & Subscription Services: Gross profit increased by $2.5 million or 3.3% in Fiscal 2023 compared to 
Fiscal 2022, as a result of increased revenues. Gross margin decreased by 690 basis points in Fiscal 2023 compared 
to  Fiscal  2022  primarily  driven  by  the  increased  cost  of  sourcing  certain  scarce  essential  components  through 
electronics brokers predominantly in the second half of Fiscal 2023 as described above, as well as to a lesser extent, 
by customer and product mix. 

Telematics Products: Gross profit decreased by $15.4 million or 34.3% in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022, 
primarily due to decreased revenues as well as the cost impact of sourcing certain scarce essential components through 
electronics brokers predominantly in the second half of Fiscal 2023 as described above. Gross margin decreased 500 
basis points in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 primarily due to the increased cost of sourcing certain components 
through electronics brokers.

As described above, we are presently experiencing adverse impacts to revenues as a result of global supply 
shortages of certain components, which are also leading to cost increases on many of these components. As a result,  
we may continue to experience lower gross margins in the coming quarters if we are unable to effectively mitigate or 
offset the impacts of these cost increases.

36

Operating Expenses

(In thousands)
Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative
Intangible asset amortization
Restructuring
Total

Fiscal years ended February 28,

2023

2022

$
$ 24,570
47,389
51,819
5,332
4,586
$133,696

% of 
Revenue

$

8.3% $ 28,444
48,564
16.1%
52,333
17.6%
5,415
1.8%
600
1.6%
45.4% $135,356

% of 
Revenue

$
Change
9.6% $ (3,874)
16.4% (1,175)
(514)
17.7%
1.8%
(83)
0.2% 3,986
45.7% $ (1,660)

%
Change

(13.6%)
(2.4%)
(1.0%)
(1.5%)
664.3%
(1.2%)

Consolidated research and development expense decreased by $3.9 million or 13.6% in Fiscal 2023 compared 
to  Fiscal  2022  due  to  a  reduction  in  research  and  development  activities  associated  with  our  Telematics  Products 
business, partially offset by increased development efforts focused on expanding our telematics services offering both 
domestically and internationally. We plan to continue to invest in research and development to supplement and expand 
our telematics solutions offerings.

Consolidated  selling  and  marketing  expense  decreased  by  $1.2  million  or  2.4%  in  Fiscal  2023  compared  to 
Fiscal 2022 and was approximately flat as a percentage of revenues. We expect to continue to make changes in the 
composition of our salesforce to drive sales of our subscription services.

Consolidated general and administrative expense decreased by $0.5 million or 1.0% in Fiscal 2023 compared 
to Fiscal 2022 primarily driven by a reduction in outside professional fees in Fiscal 2023, partially offset by recording 
of $1.9 million of incremental litigation reserves related to the final settlement of the Omega legal matter, which is 
described  in  Note  18,  Commitments  and  Contingencies  -  Legal  Proceedings,  to  the  accompanying  consolidated 
financial statements.

Amortization of intangibles decreased slightly in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022.

As described in Note 11, Restructuring Charges, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, in the 
fourth  quarter  of  Fiscal  2023,  to  further  progress  our  strategy  of  driving  growth  in  our  software  and  subscription 
services business, we implemented certain cost savings and cost efficiency measures to reduce our expense structure, 
better align our personnel to a subscription services business model, and terminate non-core initiatives not deemed to 
be key to our strategic direction. As a result, we incurred restructuring charges of $4.6 million in Fiscal 2023, which 
was comprised of $1.5 million of severance and employee related costs and the write-off of $3.1 million of amounts 
previously capitalized in connection with technology initiatives that we determined would no longer provide future 
benefit. In Fiscal 2022, we incurred $0.6 million of severance and employee related costs in connection with a previous 
restructuring plan.

Non-operating Income (Expense)

Investment income decreased by $0.2 million to $1.0 million in Fiscal 2023 from $1.2 million in Fiscal 2022. 

The decrease was primarily driven by lower investment returns on invested funds. 

Interest expense decreased $9.1 million to $6.3 million in Fiscal 2023 from $15.3 million in Fiscal 2022 due to 
the  adoption  of  ASU  2020-06  effective  March  1,  2022  under  which  the  conversion  feature  associated  with  our 
convertible  notes  is  no  longer  separately  accounted  for  as  a  debt  discount  and  amortized  to  interest  expense.  The 
impacts of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 are more fully described in Note 1, under the caption “Recently Adopted 
Accounting Pronouncements”, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Other non-operating expense was $1.4 million in Fiscal 2023, compared to $2.4 million in Fiscal 2022 , and 
was largely comprised of costs incurred related to the wind down and transition of the LoJack North America business 
as well as, to a lesser extent, net foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

An income tax expense of $1.2 million was recorded in Fiscal 2023, compared to $1.1 million in Fiscal 2022. 
Income tax expense in both periods was attributable to foreign operations. The increase in income tax expense in 
Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 was primarily driven by an increase in pre-tax income attributable to our foreign 

37

operations in the current period. See Note 13, Income Taxes, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements 
for additional information.

Net Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for Fiscal 2022 was $3.2 million and related to the sale of 
the LoJack North America business that was completed on March 15, 2021. See Note 2, Discontinued Operations, to 
the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Overall Profitability Measures

Net Loss from Continuing Operations:

Our  net  loss  from  continuing  operations  in  Fiscal  2023  was  $32.5  million  as  compared  to  net  loss  of  $31.1 
million  in  Fiscal  2022.  The  change  in  the  net  loss  was  largely driven  by  lower  gross  margins  in  the  current  year, 
partially offset by reduced operating expenses and reduced interest expense as a result of the implementation of ASU 
2020-06 described above.

Adjusted EBITDA:

(In thousands)
Segment
Software & Subscription Services
Telematics Products
Corporate Expense
Total Adjusted EBITDA
Total Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Fiscal years ended 
February 28,

2023

2022

$ Change % Change

$

$

25,374
(4,275)
(3,025)
18,074

$

$

32,979
(3,990)
(4,309)
24,680

$

$

(7,605)
(285)
1,284
(6,606)

(23.1%)
7.1%
(29.8%)
(26.8%)

6.1%

8.3%

Adjusted EBITDA for Software & Subscription Services decreased $7.6 million in Fiscal 2023 compared to 
Fiscal 2022 primarily due to higher operating expenses as a result of investments we are making to develop, market 
and sell our telematics solutions as well as lower gross margins, partially offset by higher revenues. Adjusted EBITDA 
for  Telematics  Products  decreased  $0.3  million  in  Fiscal  2023  compared  to  Fiscal  2022  primarily  due  to  lower 
revenues and lower gross margins, partially offset by lower operating expenses. Corporate Expenses decreased year-
over-year.

See Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA by reportable segment 

and a reconciliation to GAAP-basis net loss.

Fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021”) 

For a discussion of our results of operations comparison for the Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2021, refer to our Annual 

Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2022, filed with the SEC on April 28, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In Fiscal 2023, our primary cash needs have been for working capital purposes, and to a lesser extent, capital 
expenditures.  We  have  historically  funded  our  principal  business  activities  through  cash  flows  generated  from 
operations and cash on hand. As we continue to grow our customer base to a subscription model while increasing our 
revenues, there will be a need for working capital in the future. While our subscription arrangements create recurring 
multi-year  revenue,  they  elongate  the  cash  conversion  cycle  as we  must  outlay  cash  for  the  associated  device  but 
recover this cash outlay over a subscription period. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash during 
Fiscal 2023, and we may continue to incur substantial losses and negative cash flow from operations for the foreseeable 
future. As of February 28, 2023, we had $41.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, a decrease of $37.3 million from 
February 28, 2022. While we expect to continue to finance our operations with cash on hand and cash generated from 
operations,  our  future  performance  is  subject  to  economic,  operational,  financial,  competitive  and  other  factors, 
including the current inflationary environment, supply chain constraints and the impact of uncertain international trade 

38

relations.  See  Note  1,  Description  of  Business  and  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  -  Principles  of 
Consolidation, for additional information regarding the Company's liquidity.

Available Borrowing Resources

On July 13, 2022, we replaced our revolving credit facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and we entered 
into a new credit facility with PNC Bank, N.A., that provides for an asset-based senior secured revolving credit facility 
for borrowings up to an aggregate of $50.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including borrowing base provisions 
that limit borrowing capacity to 80% of eligible accounts receivable and 50% of eligible inventory. The revolving 
credit facility will terminate, and all outstanding loans will become due and payable on the earlier of July 13, 2025 
and the date that is ninety days prior to the maturity date of our 2025 Convertible Notes. Borrowings under this credit 
facility  bear  interest  at  either  the  Bloomberg  short-term  bank  yield  rate  plus  a  margin  of  2.50%  per  annum  or  an 
alternate base rate plus a margin of 1.50% per annum as selected by us on a periodic basis. 

The revolving credit facility contains certain negative and affirmative covenants, including financial covenants 
that, among other things, require us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00, measured 
as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, if our liquidity position (consisting of specified cash balances plus unused 
availability on the revolving credit facility) falls below $40.0 million on such day. Our ability to comply with the 
financial covenants in the credit agreement and access our revolving credit facility will be materially affected if our 
liquidity position falls below $40.0 million. Additionally, our revolving credit facility contains a cash dominion trigger 
whereby PNC Bank may direct domestic cash balances and receipts to pay down borrowings under the revolving 
credit  facility  should  our  liquidity  position,  consisting  of  specified  cash  balances  plus  unused  availability  on  the 
revolving credit facility, fall below $25.0 million at the end of any month. As of February 28, 2023, there were no 
borrowings outstanding and $2.6 million of outstanding letters of credit under this revolving credit facility, and total 
remaining borrowing availability was $34.2 million.

In July 2018, we issued the 2025 Convertible Notes in the aggregate amount of $230.0 million, which will come 
due in August 2025. Our ability to refinance the 2025 Convertible Notes on favorable terms, or at all, will depend on 
the capital markets and our financial condition. Any downgrade of our credit rating by any of the major credit rating 
agencies could result in increased borrowing costs and restrictive terms, which could adversely affect our ability to 
access the debt markets to refinance our existing debt or finance future debt. We also may be unable to issue additional 
equity without impacting our stock price or being materially dilutive to existing stockholders. 

See Note 10, Financing Arrangements, for further information regarding our asset-based credit facility and the 

2025 Convertible Notes.

Sale of LoJack North America Operations

On March 14, 2021, we entered into an agreement with Spireon pursuant to which we sold certain assets and 
transferred  certain  liabilities  of  the  LoJack  North  America  business  for  a  purchase  price  of  $8.0  million.  The 
transaction was completed effective March 15, 2021 and we received net proceeds of approximately $6.6 million. 
Subsequently, on November 9, 2021, the purchase price was reduced by $0.9 million, which was paid to Spireon, due 
to final working capital adjustments. We also entered into a Transition Service Agreement with Spireon on March 15, 
2021  (“TSA”)  to  support  Spireon  in  the  transition  of  LoJack  North  America  customers  and  to  provide  recovery 
services to the existing installed base of LoJack North America customers as an agent of Spireon, which effectively 
terminated on March 31, 2022. During the service period, we invoiced Spireon for certain costs incurred in operating 
this business.

We also entered into a post-TSA Services Agreement with Spireon on March 15, 2021 (“SA”), that commenced 
April 1, 2022 upon the expiration of the TSA, under which we will continue to provide certain services related to the 
LoJack North America radio frequency tower infrastructure for a period of no longer than fifty-four months, as needed. 
As consideration for these services, Spireon will pay us a monthly service fee over the stipulated contract term.

PPP Loan

On  April  16,  2020,  we  received  proceeds  from  a  loan  in  the  amount  of  $10  million  (the  "PPP  Loan")  from 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as lender, pursuant to the Small Business Association ("SBA") Paycheck Protection 
Program (the "PPP") of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. At the time we applied for the PPP 
Loan,  we  believed  that  we  qualified  to  receive  the  funds  pursuant  to  the  PPP.  On  April  23,  2020,  the  SBA,  in 
consultation with the Department of Treasury, issued new guidance that created uncertainty regarding the qualification 
requirements for a PPP loan. Out of an abundance of caution and in light of the new guidance, we repaid in full the 
principal and interest on the PPP Loan on April 27, 2020.

39

Material Cash Requirements

Following is a summary of our contractual cash obligations as of February 28, 2023 (in thousands): 

Future Estimated Cash Payments Due by Period

Contractual Obligations
Convertible senior notes principal
Convertible senior notes stated 
interest
Operating leases
Purchase obligations
Total contractual obligations

$

$

Less than 1 
year

1 - 3 years

3 - 5 years

> 5 years

- $

230,000 $

- $

Total
230,000

- $

4,600
5,594
44,982
55,176 $

6,900
8,696
-

245,596 $

-
3,378
-
3,378 $

-
1,231
-
1,231 $

11,500
18,899
44,982
305,381

Purchase obligations consist primarily of inventory purchase commitments.

Other

We are a defendant in various legal proceedings involving intellectual property claims and contract disputes. In 
the  patent  infringement  dispute  involving  Koninklijke  Philips  N.V.  ("Phillips"),  which  is  discussed  in  more  detail 
below, the ITC affirmed the Final Initial Determination of the administrative law judge of no violation of Section 337 
and terminated the investigation on July 6, 2022 and the deadline for any appeal has passed. The Delaware District 
Court cases in the Philips matter remain stayed but may be reinstated. In connection with this matter, we may be 
required  to  enter  into  a  license  agreement  or  other  settlement  arrangement  that  requires  us  to  make  a  significant 
payment in the future. While it is not feasible to predict with certainty the outcome of this legal proceeding, based on 
currently available information, including the ITC’s affirmation of no violation of Section 337, we believe that the 
ultimate resolution of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, 
financial condition and cash flow. See Note 18, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying consolidated 
financial statements for additional information on legal proceedings. 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Cash  flows  from  operating  activities  consist  of  net  loss  adjusted  for  certain  non-cash  items,  including 
depreciation, intangible asset amortization, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of debt issuance costs, 
deferred  income  taxes,  amortization  of  certain  revenue  assignment  arrangements  and  the  effect  of  changes  in 
components of working capital. 

Our cash flows from operating activities are attributable to our net loss as well as management of our working 
capital, which is dictated by the volume of products we purchase from our manufacturers or suppliers and then sell to 
our customers along with the payment and collection terms that we negotiate with them. We purchase a majority of 
our products from significant suppliers located in Asia and Mexico that generally provide us 60-day payment terms 
for products purchased.

Our significant customers are located in the United States as well as certain foreign countries. We believe that 
our  relationships  with  our  key  customers  are  good  and  that  these  customers  are  in  good  financial  condition.  We 
generally grant credit to our customers based on their financial viability and our historical collections experience with 
them. We typically require payment from our customers within 30 to 45 days of our invoice date with a few exceptions 
that extend the credit terms up to 90 days. Historically, since we paid our suppliers at or within 60 days of inventory 
purchase and our payment terms on our accounts receivable are generally within 45 days, we generated positive cash 
flows from operating activities. In the second half of Fiscal 2022, we began entering into subscription arrangements 
with  key  customers  who  previously  purchased  telematics  devices from  us.  While  these  subscription  arrangements 
create recurring multi-year revenue, they elongate the cash conversion cycle as we must outlay cash for the associated 
device but recover this cash outlay over a subscription period. Thus the conversion of customers onto subscription 
arrangements has had an unfavorable impact on cash flows. 

For Fiscal 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $22.9 million with a net loss of $32.5 million. Our 
non-cash income and expenses from continuing operations comprised principally of depreciation, intangible assets 
amortization,  stock-based  compensation  expense,  amortization  of  debt  issuance  costs  and  discounts,  non-cash 
operating lease costs and changes in deferred income tax assets totaled $37.2 million. These non-cash expenses were 
partially offset by non-cash revenues of $2.7 million related to acquired revenue assignment arrangements. Changes 

40

in operating assets and liabilities from continuing operations used was $25.0 million of cash, largely as a result of the 
increase  in  accounts  receivable  and  contract  assets,  driven  by  differences  in  timing  of  collections  under  new 
subscription arrangements such that less cash is collected at contract inception. We have also experienced growth in 
lease  receivables,  which  similarly  is  driven  by  differences  in  timing  of  collections  and  revenue  recognition  under 
subscription arrangements. These cash outflows were partially offset by the timing of payments on accounts payable 
as we have been able to extend payment terms with some of our key suppliers.

Cash flows from investing activities 

In Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2022, our net cash used in investing activities was $11.1 million and $7.6 million, 
respectively. In both of these periods, our investing activities consisted of capital expenditures. We expect that we 
will make additional capital expenditures in the future, including devices that we lease to customers under subscription 
agreements, in order to support the future growth of our business.

Net cash provided by investing activities of discontinued operations was $5.7 million in Fiscal 2022, which was 

comprised of cash proceeds received from the sale of the LoJack North America business. 

Cash flows from financing activities 

In Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2022, our net cash used in financing activities was $0.9 million and $2.6 million, 

respectively, driven primarily by payments for taxes related to the net share settlement of vested equity awards. 

Critical Accounting Estimates 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  and  related  disclosures  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  requires  us  to  make  judgments,  assumptions,  and  estimates  that  affect  the 
amounts  reported  in  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  accompanying  notes.  Note  1  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements for Fiscal 2023 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation 
of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The  accounting  policies  described  below  are  significantly  affected  by 
critical accounting estimates. Such accounting policies require significant judgments, assumptions, and estimates used 
in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and actual results could differ materially from the amounts 
reported based on these policies.

The inputs into certain of our judgments, assumptions, and estimates considered the economic implications of 
the  COVID-19  pandemic  on  our  critical  and  significant  accounting  estimates.  These  estimates  are  listed  in  our 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  Fiscal  2023,  and  include:  revenue  recognition,  patent  litigation  and  loss 
contingencies,  goodwill  and  long-lived  assets  and  income  taxes,  among  other  items.  The  actual  results  that  we 
experience may differ materially from our estimates. Many of our estimates could require increased judgment and 
carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve, our estimates may change materially 
in future periods. 

Revenue Recognition

We enter into contracts with customers that can include various combinations of products and services. As a 
result,  our  contracts  may  contain  multiple  performance  obligations.  In  many  customer  arrangements  subscription 
services are bundled with the sale or lease of telematics devices within the same contractual arrangement. To determine 
the performance obligations under these arrangements, we assess the contractual elements and, in particular, whether 
the telematics products within the arrangement are distinct. This is an area of judgment that includes the consideration 
of  all  elements  of  the  arrangement.  Significant  factors  in  determining  whether  telematics  devices  are  distinct  are 
whether  such  devices  are  sold  separately,  as  well  as  the  degree  of  integration  and  interdependency  between  the 
subscription elements of the arrangement and the associated telematics devices. If we conclude that the telematics 
devices within a customer arrangement are distinct and therefore represent a separate performance obligation, the total 
expected consideration associated with the contract is allocated between the performance obligations based upon the 
relative stand-alone selling price associated with each performance obligation. We base stand-alone selling prices on 
pricing tables for the same or similar items. 

For some customer arrangements, we have concluded that the subscription services and associated telematics 
devices are not distinct performance obligations and thus represent a single combined performance obligation. In these 
circumstances, we generally recognize the total expected consideration as revenue over the term of the subscription. 

41

Patent Litigation and Other Contingencies 

We are subject to the possibility of various losses arising in the ordinary course of business. We consider the 
likelihood of impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability, as well as our ability to reasonably estimate the 
amount of loss, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that 
an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We 
regularly evaluate information available to us to determine whether such accruals should be made or adjusted and 
whether new accruals are required. 

Third  parties,  including  customers,  have  in  the  past  and  may  in  the  future  assert  claims  or  initiate  litigation 
related to exclusive patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights to technologies and related 
standards that are relevant to us. These assertions may increase over time as a result of our growth and the general 
increase  in  the  pace  of  patent  claims  assertions,  particularly  in  the  United  States.  If  any  infringement  or  other 
intellectual property claim made against us by any third party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing 
technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, operating 
results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We accrue for these intellectual property claims whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable 
and the liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on our review of each individual 
claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. Since these legal matters 
can be very complex and require significant judgment, we often utilize external legal counsel and other subject matter 
experts to assist us in defending against such claims. These accruals are reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are 
adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court rulings, advice from legal counsel and other 
events pertaining to the case. Although we believe that we take reasonable and considerable measures to mitigate our 
exposure in these matters, the outcome of litigation is inherently unpredictable. Nonetheless, we believe that we have 
valid  defenses  with  respect  to  pending  legal  matters  against  us  as  well  as  adequate  provisions  for  probable  and 
estimable losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred.

One recently resolved patent infringement lawsuit filed against us by Omega Patents, LLC (“Omega”) and one 

partially resolved patent infringement lawsuit filed against us by Philips are discussed in more detail below. 

Omega

The parties commenced a mediation on April 12, 2022, and on May 17, 2022, CalAmp and Omega executed an 
agreement for a settlement and release and a covenant not to sue under certain patents. On June 1, 2022, we paid $4.9 
million pursuant to this settlement agreement. The parties filed a Joint Stipulation of Dismissal With Prejudice on 
June 15, 2022, and on June 16, 2022, the court dismissed the case with prejudice.

Philips

On April 1, 2022, the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) at the International Trade Commission (“ITC”) issued 
a Final Initial Determination on the question of the violation of section 337 (19 U.S.C. § 1337). The ALJ determined 
that a violation of section 337 has not occurred with respect to any of the asserted patents.  On July 6, 2022, the ITC 
affirmed  the  Final  Initial  Determination  of  no  violation  of  Section  337  and  terminated  the  investigation  and  the 
deadline for any appeal has passed. While one of the district court cases filed by Philips in Delaware has been recently 
reopened for a status conference, the other two district court cases filed by Philips remain stayed. We believe that we 
have strong non-infringement and invalidity defenses in the Delaware district court cases. Also, we believe we have 
strong indemnification claims against our communication module suppliers, and are entitled to have our defense costs 
and any losses resulting from these proceedings paid by those suppliers, who are co-defendants in these proceedings. 
Currently, it is not feasible to predict with certainty the outcome of these three legal proceedings, and no specific 
amount of damages has been identified.

See  Note  18,  Commitments  and  Contingencies,  to  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  for 

additional information.

42

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business 
combination. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill 
and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the 
option  to  first  assess  qualitative  factors  to  determine  whether  the  existence  of  events  or  circumstances  leads  to  a 
determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, 
after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair 
value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, 
if  an  entity  concludes  otherwise,  then  it  is  required  to  perform  an  impairment  test.  The  impairment  test  involves 
comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair 
value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit 
is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value 
of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The  estimates  of  fair  value  of  the  reporting  units  are  computed  using  either  an  income  approach,  a  market 
approach,  or  a  combination  of  both.  Under  the  income  approach,  we  utilize  the  discounted  cash  flow  method  to 
estimate the fair value of the reporting units. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the 
estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including future gross margin rates, expense 
rates, capital expenditures and other estimates), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to 
their present value (or estimated fair value) based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected 
discount rate). We select assumptions used in the financial forecasts by using historical data, supplemented by current 
and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair 
value  is  derived  from  metrics  of  publicly  traded  companies  or  historically  completed  transactions  of  comparable 
businesses (i.e. guideline companies). The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the 
reporting units operate giving consideration to risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.

Long-lived  assets  to  be  held  and  used,  including  identifiable  intangible  assets,  are  reviewed  for  impairment 
whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be  fully 
recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, 
changes  in  business  plans  or  changes  in  anticipated  future  cash  flows.  If  an  impairment  indicator  is  present,  we 
evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or asset group to future undiscounted net 
cash flows expected to be generated by the lowest level of asset group. If the assets or asset group are impaired, the 
impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. 
Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of 
discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk.

The  recoverability  assessment  with  respect  to  each  of  the  tradenames  used  in  our  operations  requires  us  to 
estimate the fair value of the asset as of the assessment date. Such determination is made using discounted cash flow 
techniques (Level 3 determination of fair value). Significant inputs to the valuation model include future revenue and 
profitability  projections  associated  with  the  tradename  through  a  relief  from  royalty  approach;  estimated  market 
royalty rates that could be derived from the licensing of our tradenames to third parties in order to establish the cash 
flows accruing to the benefit of the Company as a result of our ownership of our tradenames; and rates used to discount 
the estimated royalty cash flow projections to their present value (or estimated fair value).

As  further  described  above,  we  have  transitioned  a  substantial  majority  of  customers  who  have  historically 
purchased MRM telematics products from us onto long-term subscription contracts, which has resulted in growth in 
Software & Subscription Services revenues and a corresponding decline in Telematics Products revenues. As a result 
of this customer transition between reporting units, in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2023, a portion of the goodwill 
previously  associated  with  our  Telematics  Products  reporting  unit  was  re-allocated  amongst  the  reporting  units 
impacted by this customer transition. 

At February 28, 2023, we had $94.2 million in goodwill and $26.6 million in other net intangible assets, recorded 
on our consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, we had three reporting units, one reporting unit under our Telematics 
Products segment and two reporting units under our Software and Subscription Services segment. Our Telematics 
Products segment includes $16.2 million of goodwill and our Software & Subscription Service segment includes $78.0 
million.

See Note 7, Property and Equipment, and Note 8, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the accompanying 

consolidated financial statements for additional information.

43

Income Taxes 

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rates 
differ from the statutory rate, primarily due to the tax impact of state taxes, foreign operations, R&D tax credits, global 
intangible low-taxed income, nondeductible officer compensation, and transfer pricing adjustments. Our tax provision 
for  income  taxes  is  inherently  difficult  to  estimate  and  record.  This  is  due  to  the  complex  nature  of  the  U.S.  and 
International tax codes; earnings being different than anticipated in countries with different tax rates; changes in the 
valuation  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities;  changes  in  tax  laws  and  regulations,  treaties,  or  interpretations 
thereof,  including  changes  to  the  taxation  of  earnings  of  our  foreign  subsidiaries,  the  deductibility  of  expenses 
attributable to foreign income, and the foreign tax credit rules. 

Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for 
income taxes. We believe our reserves are reasonable and that our historical income tax provisions and accruals for 
these uncertain positions are sufficient. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as 
the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is 
different than the amounts recorded, such differences will impact the provision for income taxes in the period in which 
such determination is made. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to 
reserves that are considered appropriate, as well as the related net interest and penalties.

Significant judgment is also required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred 
tax assets in a particular jurisdiction. Currently we maintain a valuation allowance in the U.S. and certain foreign 
jurisdictions.  In  assessing  the  need  for  a  valuation  allowance,  we  consider  all  available  evidence,  including  past 
operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that 
we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation 
allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is 
made.

At February 28, 2023, our federal income tax loss carryforwards were approximately $80.6 million, our state 
income tax loss carryforwards were approximately $87.8 million, and our foreign income tax loss carryforwards were 
approximately  $61.3  million.  Since  these  losses  have  varying  degrees  of  carryforward  periods,  it  requires  us  to 
estimate the amount of carryforward losses that we can reasonably expect to realize. Future changes in anticipated 
earnings  could  change  the  amount  of  carry  forward  losses  that  we  expect  to  realize  and  the  amount  of  valuation 
allowances we have recorded (see Note 13, Income Taxes, for additional information). 

44

Forward Looking Statements

Forward  looking  statements  in  this  Form  10-K  which  include,  without  limitation,  statements  relating  to  our 
plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions, projections and other information regarding future performance, 
are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words 
“may”,  “will”,  “could”,  “plans”,  “intends”,  “seeks”,  “believes”,  “anticipates”,  “expects”,  “estimates”,  “judgment”, 
“goal”, and variations of these words and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. 
These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance 
and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, including, without limitation, the impact 
of adverse and uncertain economic conditions in the U.S. and international markets, the sufficiency of our cash and 
cash equivalents to meet our liquidity needs and service our indebtedness, product demand, competitive pressures and 
pricing  declines  in  our  markets,  the  timing  of  customer  approvals  of  new  product  designs,  intellectual  property 
infringement  claims,  interruption  or  failure  of  our  Internet-based  systems  used  to  wirelessly  configure  and 
communicate with the tracking and monitoring devices that we sell, global component supply shortages due to ongoing 
supply chain constraints, the phased implementation of our ERP system, the effect of tariffs on exports from China 
and other countries, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (including its effect on the supply of labor), and 
other risks and uncertainties that are set forth in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Risk Factors). 
Such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from historical or anticipated 
results. Although we believe the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable 
assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained. We undertake no obligation to update 
or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except 
as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such 
forward-looking statements.

45

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Risk

We have international operations, giving rise to exposure to market risks from changes in currency exchange 
rates. A cumulative foreign currency translation loss of $1.9 million related to our foreign subsidiaries is included in 
accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss  in  the  stockholders'  equity  section  of  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  at 
February 28,  2023.  The  aggregate  foreign  currency  transaction  exchange  rate  losses  included  in  determining  loss 
before income taxes were  $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million in fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 
and 2021, respectively.

Interest Rate Risk

Our  exposure  to  market  rate  risk  for  changes  in  interest  rates  relates  primarily  to  our  marketable  securities 
investment portfolio. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and liquidity while at 
the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our 
investments portfolio in a variety of available-for-sale fixed debt securities, including both government and corporate 
obligations and money market funds. Investments in fixed rate interest bearing instruments carry a degree of interest 
rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in prevailing interest 
rates. Due in part to these factors, we may suffer losses in principal if we need the funds prior to maturity and choose 
to sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates or perceived credit risk related to 
the securities’ issuers.

As the majority of our investment portfolio has a short-term nature, we do not believe an immediate increase or 
decrease in interest rate would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio, and therefore, we do 
not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in market interest rates. 

We  do  not  believe  our  cash  equivalents  have  significant  risk  of  default  or  illiquidity.  However,  we  cannot 
provide absolute assurance that in the future our investments will not be subject to adverse changes in market value. 
In addition, we maintain significant amounts of cash and cash equivalents at one or more financial institutions that are 
in excess of federally insured limits. We cannot be assured that we will not experience losses on these deposits.

Loans outstanding under our revolving credit facility bear interest at either the Bloomberg short-term bank yield 
rate plus a margin of 2.50% per annum or an alternate base rate plus a margin of 1.50% per annum. Changes in interest 
rates would impact our variable rate borrowings. There were no borrowings outstanding under this revolving credit 
facility at February 28, 2023.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

46

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of CalAmp Corp.

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  CalAmp  Corp.  and  subsidiaries  (the 
"Company")  as  of  February  28,  2023  and  2022,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  loss, 
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2023, and the related 
notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in 
all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 28, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its 
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2023, in conformity with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023, based on 
criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 27, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on 
the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As  discussed  in  Note  1  to  the  financial  statements,  the  Company  changed  its  method  of  accounting  for 
convertible debt effective March 1, 2022, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update, 2020-06, Debt - Debt 
with  Conversion  and  Other  Options  (Subtopic  470-20)  and  Derivatives  and  Hedging  -  Contracts  in  Entity’s  Own 
Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, using 
the modified retrospective approach.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express 
an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered 
with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal 
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan 
and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material 
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to 
those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in 
the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial 
statements  that  were  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that  (1)  relate  to 
accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging, 
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion 
on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, 
providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Goodwill – Telematics Products Reporting Unit – Refer to Notes 1 and 8 to the Financial Statements

47

Critical Audit Matter Description

The  Company’s  evaluation  of  goodwill  for  impairment  involves  the  comparison  of  the  fair  value  of  each 
reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units using the discounted 
cash flow model and the market approach. The determination of the fair value using the discounted cash flow model 
requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future gross margin rates. 
Changes in this assumption could have a significant impact on the fair value of the reporting unit and the amount of 
any goodwill impairment charge. As a result of the customer transition between reporting units, in the fourth quarter 
of Fiscal 2023, a portion of the goodwill previously associated with the Telematics Products reporting unit was re-
allocated amongst the reporting units impacted by this customer transition. The goodwill balance was $94.2 million 
as of February 28, 2023 of which $16.2 million was allocated to the Telematics Products Reporting Unit. The fair 
value of Telematics Products reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of the measurement date and, therefore, no 
impairment was recognized. 

We identified goodwill for Telematics Products as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments 
made by management to estimate the fair value of Telematics Products reporting unit. This required a high degree of 
auditor  judgment  and  an  increased  extent  of  effort,  including  the  need  to  involve  our  fair  value  specialists,  when 
performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to 
forecasts of future gross margin rates and mostly notably, considerations related to the transition of customers from 
the Telematics Products reporting unit to a reporting unit under the Company’s Software & Subscription Services 
operating segment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of future gross margin rates used by management to estimate the 

fair value of Telematics Products reporting unit included the following, among others: 

•

•

•

We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s goodwill impairment evaluation and 
reallocation of goodwill, including those over the determination of the fair value of Telematics Products 
reporting unit, such as controls related to management’s forecasts of future gross margin rates. 

We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future gross margin rates by comparing 
projected gross margin rates to management’s historical gross margin rates. This included 
management’s evaluation of the customer transition from the Telematics Products reporting unit to a 
reporting unit under the Company’s Software & Subscription Services operating segment and how that 
would, in turn, impact future gross margins rates. 

We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasted gross margin rates by comparing the 
forecasts to:

o

o

Historical gross margin rates.

Gross margin rates utilized in management’s long-range strategic plan which was communicated 
to the Board of Directors 

Revenue Recognition — Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

In  many  customer  arrangements  within  the  Company’s  Software  &  Subscription  Services  segment,  the 
subscription services are bundled with the sale or lease of telematics devices within the same contractual arrangement. 
To determine the performance obligations under these arrangements, the Company assesses the contractual elements 
and, in particular, whether the telematics products within the arrangement are distinct. This is an area of judgment that 
includes the consideration of all elements of the arrangement. Significant factors in determining whether telematics 
devices  are  distinct  are  whether  such  devices  are  sold  separately,  as  well  as  the  degree  of  integration  and 
interdependency between the subscription elements of the arrangement and the associated telematics devices. If the 
Company concludes that the telematics devices within a customer arrangement are distinct, and therefore represent a 
separate performance obligation, the total expected consideration associated with the contract is allocated between the 
performance obligations based upon the relative stand-alone selling price associated with each performance obligation. 

48

For  some  customer  arrangements,  the  Company  has  concluded  that the  subscription  services  and  associated 
telematics devices are not distinct promises and thus represent a single combined performance obligation. In these 
circumstances, the Company generally recognizes the total expected consideration as revenue over the term of the 
subscription.

Significant judgment is required to determine whether the performance obligations in these contracts are distinct 
based on whether the customer can benefit from the product or service on its own or together with other resources that 
are  readily  available  and  whether  the  commitment  to  transfer  the  product  or  service  to  the  customer  is  separately 
identifiable  from  other  obligations  in  the  contract.  This  judgment  can  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  timing  of 
revenue recognition. Auditing these aspects include especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and 
extent of audit effort required to address this matter.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our  audit  procedures  related  to  management’s  evaluation  of  contracts  with  multiple  promises  included  the 

following, among others: 

– We tested the effectiveness of controls related to management’s identification and assessment of performance 

obligations in contracts with customers.

– We performed an analysis of how each step within the accounting guidance was addressed for each revenue 

transaction selected in our substantive test of details.

– We tested management’s identification of performance obligations by evaluating whether the customer can 
benefit from the product or service on its own or together with other resources that are readily available and whether 
the underlying goods and services were highly interdependent and interrelated.

–  We  obtained  and  tested  individual  customer  contracts  to  evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  management’s 

identification of performance obligations. 

–  We  verified  that  the  timing  of  revenue  recognition  was  appropriate  based  on  the  performance  obligation 
identified by inspecting evidence supporting the transfer of control of telematics devices or services to the customer.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Costa Mesa, CA 

April 27, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since Fiscal 2018. 

49

CALAMP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except par value)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets

Property and equipment, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Deferred income tax assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets, net
Other assets

Total assets

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Current portion of long-term debt
Accounts payable
Accrued payroll and employee benefits
Deferred revenue
Other current liabilities

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt, net of current portion
Operating lease liabilities
Other non-current liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 18)
Stockholders' equity:

Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 3,000 shares authorized;
   no shares issued or outstanding
Common stock, $.01 par value; 80,000 shares authorized;
   37,388 and 36,052 shares issued and outstanding 
   at February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

February 28,

2023

2022

$

$

$

41,928
82,946
23,902
26,019
174,795

32,832
12,293
3,275
94,214
26,633
36,078
380,120

705
52,716
11,766
25,448
15,865
106,500
227,416
12,314
19,583
365,813

79,221
61,544
18,269
22,348
181,382

37,674
12,327
4,165
94,436
31,965
29,632
391,581

2,585
31,815
10,929
26,174
18,951
90,454
189,703
13,382
22,640
316,179

-

-

374
184,672
(168,816)
(1,923)
14,307
380,120

$

361
242,386
(165,965)
(1,380)
75,402
391,581

$

$

$

$

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

50

CALAMP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenues:
Products
Application subscriptions and other services

Total revenues

Cost of revenues:

Products
Application subscriptions and other services

Total cost of revenues

Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative
Intangible asset amortization
Restructuring
Impairment losses

Total operating expenses

Operating loss
Non-operating income (expense):

Investment income
Interest expense
Other expense, net

Total non-operating expenses

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
Income tax provision from continuing operations
Net loss from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss

Loss per share - continuing operations:

Basic
Diluted

Earnings (Loss) per share - discontinued operations:

Basic
Diluted

Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share:

Basic
Diluted

Comprehensive loss:

Net loss
Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Total comprehensive loss

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2023

2021

$

188,881
106,068
294,949

127,154
58,784
185,938
109,011

24,570
47,389
51,819
5,332
4,586
-
133,696
(24,685)

989
(6,260)
(1,383)
(6,654)
(31,339)
(1,151)
(32,490)
-

(32,490) $

(0.90) $
(0.90) $

-
-

$
$

$

182,916
112,923
295,839

119,850
54,103
173,953
121,886

28,444
48,564
52,333
5,415
600
-
135,356
(13,470)

1,175
(15,323)
(2,443)
(16,591)
(30,061)
(1,087)
(31,148)
3,157
(27,991) $

(0.88) $
(0.88) $

0.09
0.09

$
$

36,132
36,132

35,254
35,254

193,486
115,101
308,587

129,578
56,604
186,182
122,405

25,811
46,202
49,077
4,781
2,534
825
129,230
(6,825)

2,119
(15,487)
(403)
(13,771)
(20,596)
(561)
(21,157)
(35,152)
(56,309)

(0.62)
(0.62)

(1.02)
(1.02)

34,389
34,389

(32,490) $

(27,991) $

(56,309)

(543)
(33,033) $

(395)
(28,386) $

390
(55,919)

$

$

$
$

$
$

$

$

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

51

CALAMP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)

Total stockholders' equity, beginning balances

$

75,402

$

95,085

$

137,919

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2023

2021

Common stock and additional paid-in capital:
Beginning balances
Cumulative-effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASU 
2020-06
Stock-based compensation expense
Shares issued on net share settlement of equity awards
Exercise of stock options and contributions to ESPP
Ending balances

Accumulated deficit:
Beginning balances
Cumulative-effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASU 
2020-06
Net loss
Ending balances

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Beginning balances
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Ending balances

242,747

234,044

220,825

(67,003)
10,211
(1,865)
956
185,046

11,346
(4,173)
1,530
242,747

12,880
(1,628)
1,967
234,044

(165,965)

(137,974)

(81,531)

29,639
(32,490)
(168,816)

-
(27,991)
(165,965)

(134)
(56,309)
(137,974)

(1,380)
(543)
(1,923)

(985)
(395)
(1,380)

(1,375)
390
(985)

Total stockholders' equity, ending balances

$

14,307

$

75,402

$

95,085

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

52

CALAMP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss
Less: net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss from continuing operations
Adjustments to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash (used in) provided by 
operating activities:

Depreciation expense
Intangible asset amortization
Stock-based compensation
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount
Impairment losses
Non-cash operating lease cost
Revenue assigned to factors
Deferred tax assets, net
Changes in operating assets and liabilities of continuing operations, excluding effects from 
acquisitions:

Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Deferred revenue
Operating lease liabilities

Other

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities - continuing operations
Net cash used in operating activities - discontinued operations
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Proceeds from maturities and sale of marketable securities
Purchases of marketable securities
Capital expenditures

Net cash used in investing activities - continuing operations
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from Paycheck Protection Program Loan
Repayment of Paycheck Protection Program Loan
Proceeds from revolving credit facility, net of issuance costs
Repayment of 2020 Convertible Notes
Repayment of revolving credit facility
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vested equity awards
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and contributions to employee stock purchase plan

NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

$

(32,490) $

-
(32,490)

(27,991) $
3,157
(31,148)

(56,309)
(35,152)
(21,157)

16,426
5,332
10,211
1,151
-
3,433
(2,680)
676

(21,734)
(5,772)
(10,213)
20,533
(1,305)
(1,911)
(4,663)
74
(22,932)
-
(22,932)

-
-
(11,100)
(11,100)
-
(11,100)

-
-
-
-
-
(1,865)
956
(909)
(2,352)
(37,293)
79,221
41,928

$

17,389
5,415
11,321
10,411
-
3,713
(4,566)
465

1,436
5,164
(219)
(4,782)
796
(14,228)
(5,585)
595
(3,823)
(395)
(4,218)

-
-
(13,298)
(13,298)
5,721
(7,577)

-
-
-
-
-
(4,173)
1,530
(2,643)
(965)
(15,403)
94,624
79,221

$

17,221
4,781
11,364
10,180
825
421
(6,291)
(1)

1,624
8,691
(7,311)
10,166
8,257
(6,199)
(297)
723
32,997
(4,412)
28,585

6,264
(6,264)
(11,356)
(11,356)
(2,338)
(13,694)

10,000
(10,000)
19,944
(27,599)
(20,000)
(1,628)
1,967
(27,316)
(355)
(12,780)
107,404
94,624

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

53

CALAMP CORP. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business

CalAmp Corp. (including its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires, “CalAmp”, “the Company”, 
“we”, “our”, or “us”) is a connected intelligence company that leverages a data-driven solutions ecosystem to help 
people and organizations improve operational performance. We solve complex problems for customers within the 
market  verticals  of  transportation  and  logistics,  commercial  and  government  fleets,  industrial  equipment,  and 
consumer vehicles by providing solutions that track, monitor, and recover their vital assets. The data and insights 
enabled  by  CalAmp  solutions  provide  real-time  visibility  into  a  user’s  vehicles,  assets,  drivers,  and  cargo,  giving 
organizations  greater  understanding  and  control  of  their  operations.  Ultimately,  these  insights  drive  operational 
visibility,  safety,  efficiency,  maintenance,  and  sustainability  for  organizations  around  the  world.  We  are  a  global 
organization that is headquartered in Irvine, California. 

Recent Events

Transition of MRM Telematics Customers to Subscription Arrangements

In the latter half of Fiscal 2022, we prompted a strategic shift with customers who historically purchased MRM 
telematics  devices  from  us  whereby  many  of  these  customers  were  to  be  transitioned  to  subscription-based 
arrangements  by  way  of  bundling  services  with  telematics  devices  under  multi-year  (generally  three  years) 
subscription contracts. Beginning in Fiscal 2022 and through Fiscal 2023, we transitioned a substantial majority of 
the  MRM  business  to  multi-year  subscription  contracts.  As  a  result,  our  financial  results  associated  with  such 
subscription arrangements is reported within our Software & Subscription Services reporting segment prospectively 
from the effective date of such underlying contracts which in Fiscal 2023 led to growth in our Software & Subscription 
Services business with a corresponding decline in our Telematics Products business. Long term we believe this shift 
will allow us to drive revenue growth as we generate incremental revenue from our existing customer base as well as 
new customers through current and anticipated broader future subscription service offerings.

Basis of Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CalAmp Corp. (a Delaware corporation) and all 
of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared with the assumption that the Company will continue 
as a going concern. Based on our current and projected level of operations, we believe that our future cash flows from 
operating  activities,  our  existing  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  our  credit  facility  will  provide  adequate  funds  for 
ongoing operations and working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, our business is subject 
to various factors that could impact operations, and such impacts could be material.

As further discussed in Note 2, Discontinued Operations, the operating results and cash flows related to the 

LoJack North America business are presented as discontinued operations.

Certain prior period disclosures have been modified to conform to the current period presentation.

Reportable Segments

As further discussed in Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, our two reportable segments are Software & 

Subscription Services and Telematics Products.

Use of Estimates

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the 
United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the 
consolidated  financial  statements  and  accompanying  notes.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  those  estimates  and 
assumptions. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include allowances for doubtful accounts; 
charges for excess and obsolete inventory; deferred income tax asset valuation allowances; goodwill and other long-

54

lived  assets;  stock-based  compensation;  legal  contingencies  and  revenue  recognition.  The  current  COVID-19 
pandemic and general economic environment, and our supplier and customer concentrations also increase the degree 
of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. 

Revenue Recognition

We enter into contracts with our customers to provide telematics solutions through various combinations of 
platform  and  application  subscriptions  and  associated  telematics  devices.  We  recognize  revenue  when  distinct 
promised  goods  or  services  are  transferred  to  customers  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  to  which  we 
expect  to  be  entitled  in  exchange  for  those  goods  or  services.  In  determining  revenue  recognition  we  apply  the 
following five-step approach:

•

•

•

•

•

identify the contract with a customer;

identify the performance obligations in the contract;

determine the transaction price;

allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation.

We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are 

entitled to in exchange for goods or services we transfer to the customer. 

Revenues  from  subscription  services  are  recognized  ratably  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the 

subscription, which generally ranges from two to five years.

We  recognize  revenue  from  telematics  product  sales  upon  the  transfer  of  control  of  promised  products  to 
customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price. Customers generally do not have a right of return except 
for defective products returned during the warranty period. We record estimated commitments related to customer 
incentive programs as reductions of revenues. 

From  time  to  time,  we  provide  various  professional  services  to  customers.  These  services  include  project 
management,  engineering  services  and  installation  services,  which  are  often  distinct  from  other  performance 
obligations and are recognized as the related services are performed. For certain professional service contracts, we 
recognize revenue based on the proportion of total costs incurred to-date over the estimated cost of the contract, which 
is an input method.

In many customer arrangements subscription services are bundled with the sale or lease of telematics devices 
within the same contractual arrangement. To determine the performance obligations under these arrangements, we 
assess the contractual elements and, in particular, whether the telematics products within the arrangement are distinct. 
This is an area of judgment that includes the consideration of all elements of the arrangement. Significant factors in 
determining whether telematics devices are distinct are whether such devices are sold separately, as well as the degree 
of integration and interdependency between the subscription elements of the arrangement and the associated telematics 
devices. If we conclude that the telematics devices within a customer arrangement are distinct and therefore represent 
a separate performance obligation, the total expected consideration associated with the contract is allocated between 
the  performance  obligations  based  upon  the  relative  stand-alone  selling  price  associated  with  each  performance 
obligation. We base stand-alone selling prices on pricing tables for the same or similar items. 

For some customer arrangements, we have concluded that the subscription services and associated telematics 
devices are not distinct performance obligations and thus represent a single combined performance obligation. For 
certain other customer arrangements under which devices are leased in combination with subscription services, we 
consider  the  arrangement  to  be  predominately  a  subscription  service  and  thus  a  combined  single  performance 
obligation  for  purposes  of  revenue  recognition.  In  both  of  these  circumstances,  we  generally  recognize  the  total 
expected consideration as revenue over the term of the subscription. In customer arrangements for which the embedded 
lease  is  an  operating  lease,  we  utilize  the  practical  expedient  that  allows  for  the  combining  of  lease  and  nonlease 
components.  Device  related  costs  associated  with  arrangements  in  which  title  to  the  device  is  transferred  to  the 
customer under a single combined performance obligation are recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet and are 
amortized into cost of revenues over the term of the subscription or the estimated in-service lives of the devices. In 
contractual arrangements under which we provide devices as part of the subscription contract but we retain control of 
the devices, the cost of the devices is capitalized as property and equipment and depreciated over the estimated useful 
life of three to five years. 

55

We exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that 
are  both  imposed  on  and  concurrent  with  a  specific  revenue-producing  transaction  and  collected  by  us  from  a 
customer.

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing on our invoicing to customers. Contract assets 
are comprised of unbilled amounts for which we have transferred products or provided services to our customers and 
are classified as accounts receivable. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, contract assets aggregated for 
$28.3  million  and  $11.1  million,  respectively.  Contract  liabilities  (deferred  revenues)  are  comprised  of  payments 
received from our customers in advance of performance under the contract. During the fiscal year ended February 28, 
2023, we recognized $26.4 million in revenue from the deferred revenue balance of  $32.1 million as of February 28, 
2022.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer consist of sales commissions, which are recognized 
on a straight-line basis over the life of the corresponding contracts. Sales commissions included in prepaid expenses 
and other current assets and other assets were $1.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively, as of February 28, 2023.

We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers into reportable segments, geography, type of goods and 
services and timing of revenue recognition. See Note 19, Segment and Geographic Data, for our revenue by segment 
and geography. The disaggregation of revenue by type of goods and services and by timing of revenue recognition is 
as follows (in thousands):

Revenue by type of goods and services:
Telematics devices and accessories
Rental income and other services
Recurring application subscriptions
Total

Revenue by timing of revenue 
recognition:
Revenue recognized at a point in time
Revenue recognized over time
Total

$

$

$

$

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

188,881 $
25,856
80,212
294,949 $

182,916 $
19,265
93,658
295,839 $

193,486
17,844
97,257
308,587

206,447 $
88,502
294,949 $

195,399 $
100,440
295,839 $

209,902
98,685
308,587

Telematics  devices  and  accessories  revenues  presented  in  the  table  above  include  devices  sold  in  customer 
arrangements  that  include  both  device  and  subscription  services.  Revenues  related  to  recurring  application 
subscriptions include subscription revenues as well as amortization of deferred revenue for contractual arrangements 
under which the subscription services and associated telematics devices were determined to be a single combined 
performance obligation.

Remaining performance obligations for Software & Subscription Services represents contracted revenue that 
has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets and unbilled amounts 
that  will  be  recognized  as  revenue  in  future  periods.  As  of  February 28,  2023  and  February 28,  2022,  we  have 
estimated  remaining  performance  obligations  for  contractually  committed  revenues  of  $234.5  million  and  $202.0 
million respectively. As of February 28, 2023, we expect to recognize approximately 49% of the revenue under these 
remaining performance obligations in Fiscal 2024 and 27% in Fiscal 2025. As of February 28, 2022, we expected to 
recognize approximately 47% of the then remaining performance obligations in Fiscal 2023 and 24% in Fiscal 2024. 
We  exclude  contracts  that  have  original  durations  of  less  than  one  year  from  the  aforementioned  remaining 
performance obligation disclosure. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash 

equivalents.

56

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial  instruments  that  potentially  subject  us  to  concentrations  of  credit  risk  consist  principally  of  cash 

equivalents, marketable debt securities and trade accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents as well as investments are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits 
held  with  banks  may  exceed  the  federally  insured  limits.  These  deposits  are  maintained  with  reputable  financial 
institutions and are redeemable upon demand. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. 

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable consists of amounts due to us from sales arrangements executed in our normal business 
activities and are recorded at invoiced amounts or in some cases amounts expected to be invoiced. Our payment terms 
generally range between 30 to 60 days of our invoice date with a few exceptions that extend the credit terms up to 90 
days, and we do not offer financing options. We present the aggregate accounts receivable balance net of an allowance 
for doubtful accounts. Generally, collateral and other security is not obtained for outstanding accounts receivable. 
Credit losses, if any, are recognized based on management’s evaluation of historical collection experience, customer-
specific financial conditions as well as an evaluation of current industry trends and general economic conditions. Past 
due  balances  are  assessed  by  management  on  a  periodic  basis  and  balances  are  written  off  when  the  customer’s 
financial condition no longer warrants pursuit of collection. Actual collections may differ from estimated amounts.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial 
markets. Except for the increase in expected credit losses, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstances 
that  would  require  an  update  to  our  estimates  or  assumptions  or  a  revision  of  the  carrying  value  of  our  assets  or 
liabilities as of the date of this annual report. These estimates and assumptions may change as new events occur and 
additional  information  is  obtained.  As  a  result,  actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  these  estimates  and 
assumptions.

We analyzed the credit risk associated with our accounts receivables and lease receivables. Since our historical 
loss rates have not shown any significant differences between customer industries or geographies, we have grouped 
all accounts receivables and lease receivables into a single portfolio. As described in Note 19, Segment and Geographic 
Data, we do not have significant international geographic concentrations of revenue, and as a result, we do not have 
significant concentrations of accounts receivables or lease receivables in any single geography outside of the United 
States.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or market (net realizable value). 
Inventories are reviewed for excess quantities and obsolescence based upon usage levels and demand forecasts for a 
specific time horizon. We record a charge to cost of revenues for the amount required to reduce the carrying value of 
inventory to estimated net realizable value. Ongoing changes in cellular carrier technology, supplier changes, changes 
in demand or significant reductions in product pricing may necessitate additional write-downs of inventory carrying 
value in the future, which could be material. 

Property and equipment 

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the respective 
estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from two to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the 
straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Maintenance and repairs 
are expensed as incurred. 

We  capitalize  certain  costs  incurred  in  connection  with  developing  or  obtaining  internal-use  software  and 
software embedded in our products. These costs are recorded as property and equipment in our consolidated balance 
sheets and are amortized over useful lives ranging from three to seven years. The devices leased to our customers 
under operating leases are capitalized as property and equipment and being depreciated over the life of the devices.

57

Business Combinations

The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based 
upon their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. To the extent the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the 
net identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, such excess is allocated to goodwill. 
We determine the estimated fair values after review and consideration of relevant information, including discounted 
cash flows, quoted market prices and other estimates made by management. We may refine the preliminary purchase 
price allocation, as necessary, during the measurement period of up to one year after the acquisition closing date as 
we obtain more information as to facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date impacting the asset valuations 
and  liabilities  assumed.  Goodwill  acquired  in  business  combinations  is  assigned  to  the  reporting  unit  expected  to 
benefit from the combination as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are recognized separately from the 
acquisition and are expensed as incurred. 

Goodwill and Long-lived Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business 
combination. We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill 
and Other, (“ASC 350”). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. ASC 350 provides that an entity has the 
option  to  first  assess  qualitative  factors  to  determine  whether  the  existence  of  events  or  circumstances  leads  to  a 
determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, 
after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair 
value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, 
if  an  entity  concludes  otherwise,  then  it  is  required  to  perform  an  impairment  test.  The  impairment  test  involves 
comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its book value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair 
value exceeds book value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If, however, the fair value of the reporting unit 
is less than book value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the amount that the book value 
of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The  estimates  of  fair  value  of  the  reporting  units  are  computed  using  either  an  income  approach,  a  market 
approach,  or  a  combination  of  both.  Under  the  income  approach,  we  utilize  the  discounted  cash  flow  method  to 
estimate the fair value of the reporting units. Significant assumptions inherent in estimating the fair values include the 
estimated future cash flows, growth assumptions for future revenues (including future gross margin rates, expense 
rates, capital expenditures and other estimates), and a rate used to discount estimated future cash flow projections to 
their present value (or estimated fair value) based on estimated weighted average cost of capital (i.e., the selected 
discount rate). We select assumptions used in the financial forecasts by using historical data, supplemented by current 
and anticipated market conditions, estimated growth rates, and management’s plans. Under the market approach, fair 
value  is  derived  from  metrics  of  publicly  traded  companies  or  historically  completed  transactions  of  comparable 
businesses (i.e. guideline companies). The selection of comparable businesses is based on the markets in which the 
reporting units operate giving consideration to risk profiles, size, geography, and diversity of products and services.

Long-lived  assets  to  be  held  and  used,  including  identifiable  intangible  assets,  are  reviewed  for  impairment 
whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  may  not  be  fully 
recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, 
changes  in  business  plans  or  changes  in  anticipated  future  cash  flows.  If  an  impairment  indicator  is  present,  we 
evaluate recoverability by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets or asset group to future undiscounted net 
cash flows expected to be generated by the lowest level of asset group. If the assets or asset group are impaired, the 
impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. 
Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows. The discount rate used in any estimate of 
discounted cash flows would be the rate required for similar investment of like risk. 

The  recoverability  assessment  with  respect  to  each  of  the  tradenames  used  in  our  operations  requires  us  to 
estimate the fair value of the asset as of the assessment date. Such determination is made using discounted cash flow 
techniques (Level 3 determination of fair value). Significant inputs to the valuation model include future revenue and 
profitability  projections  associated  with  the  tradename  through  a  relief  from  royalty  approach;  estimated  market 
royalty rates that could be derived from the licensing of our tradenames to third parties in order to establish the cash 
flows accruing to the benefit of the Company as a result of our ownership of our tradenames; and rates used to discount 
the estimated royalty cash flow projections to their present value (or estimated fair value).

58

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  Fiscal  2020  and  throughout  Fiscal  2021,  we  determined  that  the  prolonged  secular 
decline in revenues from our legacy LoJack U.S. stolen vehicle recovery (“SVR”) products coupled with the slower 
than anticipated market penetration of our telematics solutions in the U.S. automotive dealership channel represented 
determinate indications of impairment. These factors were further exacerbated by the continuing unfavorable impact 
that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the automotive end markets over the past year. As a result, we initiated an 
assessment of the carrying amount of the related goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets supporting these products 
including the LoJack tradename and dealer and customer relationships in both fiscal years. Based upon our assessment 
of economic conditions, our expectations of future business conditions and trends, our projected revenues, earnings, 
and cash flows, we determined that goodwill and certain of our long-lived assets were impaired in fiscal year 2021 as 
follows (in thousands):

LoJack U.S. SVR Products goodwill
Other intangible assets:
Developed technology
Tradenames
Dealer and customer relationships
Property and equipment and other assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets and related liabilities
Total

$

$

Year Ended 
February 28,
2021

12,023

478
-
1,005
10,483
658
24,647

Of the above amounts, $23.8 million was included in discontinued operations in the year ended February 28, 

2021 (see Note 2, Discontinued Operations, for additional information).

Fair Value Measurements

Our cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due 
to the short-term maturities of these items. Our marketable securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. 

The framework for measuring fair value and related disclosure requirements about fair value measurements are 
provided in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (ASC 820). This pronouncement defines fair value as the price that 
would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the 
asset  or  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  on  the  measurement  date.  The  fair  value 
hierarchy proscribed by ASC 820 contains three levels as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, quoted 
prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be 
corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions 

that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Call Transactions

We  account  for  our  convertible  senior  notes  as  a  single  debt  instrument  measured  at  amortized  cost,  net  of 
unamortized debt issuance costs. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using 
the effective interest rate method. If a conversion of the underlying debt occurs prior to maturity a proportionate share 
of the unamortized amount is immediately expensed. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to 
additional paid-in capital.

Research and Development Costs

Research  and  development  costs  are  expensed  as  incurred.  In  certain  cases,  costs  are  incurred  to  purchase 
materials and equipment for future use in research and development efforts. In such cases, these costs are capitalized 
and expensed as consumed. 

59

Product Warranty

All products have a one- to three-year limited warranty against manufacturing defects and workmanship. We 
estimate the future costs relating to product returns subject to our warranty and record a reserve upon shipment of our 
products. We periodically adjust our estimates for actual warranty claims, historical claims experience as well as the 
impact of known product quality issues. 

Patent Litigation and Other Contingencies 

We accrue for patent litigation and other contingencies whenever we determine that an unfavorable outcome is 
probable and a liability is reasonably estimable. The amount of the accrual is estimated based on a review of each 
claim, including the type and facts of the claim and our assessment of the merits of the claim. These accruals are 
reviewed at least on a quarterly basis and are adjusted to reflect the impact of recent negotiations, settlements, court 
rulings, advice from legal counsel and other events pertaining to the case. Such accruals, if any, are recorded as general 
and  administrative  expense  in  our  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  loss.  Although  we  take  considerable 
measures to mitigate our exposure in these matters, litigation is unpredictable; however, we believe that we have valid 
defenses with respect to pending legal matters against us as well as adequate provisions for probable and estimable 
losses. All costs for legal services are expensed as incurred. 

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method when accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income 
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to the difference between the financial 
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax 
credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the 
taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect 
on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the 
enactment date. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be 
sustained. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. 
We recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Valuation allowances 
are provided against net deferred tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that the assets will not 
be realized. In assessing valuation allowances, we review historical and future expected operating results and other 
factors,  including  cumulative  earnings  experience,  expectations  of  future  taxable  income  by  jurisdiction  and  the 
carryforward periods available for reporting purposes.

Foreign Currency Translation 

We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars 
using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated 
using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized 
in foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive loss during the period. The aggregate 
foreign  currency  transaction  exchange  rate  losses  included  in  determining  loss  from  continuing  operations  before 
income taxes were $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation expense resulting from grants of employee stock options, restricted stock and 
restricted stock units is recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on the respective grant date fair 
values of the awards. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing method for valuing stock options and shares granted 
under the employee stock purchase plan and recognize the expense over a requisite service (vesting) period using the 
straight-line method. Restricted stock units (RSUs), are valued based on the fair value of our common stock on the 
date of grant. The measurement of stock-based compensation is based on several criteria such as the type of equity 
award, the valuation model used and associated input factors including the expected term of the award, stock price 
volatility, risk free interest rate and forfeiture rate. Certain of these inputs are subjective and are determined based in 
part on management's judgment. We account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures 
over the course of a vesting period. 

60

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income (loss) and other comprehensive 
income (loss) (“OCI”). OCI refers to revenue, expenses and gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as 
an  element  of  stockholders’  equity  and  excluded  from  net  income  (loss).  Our  OCI  consists  of  foreign  currency 
translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

The Company has reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded they were either 

not applicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In  August  2020,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  issued  ASU  2020-06,  Debt  with 
Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity 
(Subtopic  814-40),  which  removes  certain  separation  models  for  convertible  debt  instruments  and  convertible 
preferred stock that require the separation of a convertible debt instrument into a debt component and an equity or 
derivative component. Specifically, the new pronouncement removes the separation models for convertible debt with 
a cash conversion feature or convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. We adopted ASU 2020-06 
effective  March  1,  2022,  the  beginning  of  Fiscal  2023,  utilizing  the  modified  retrospective  approach  whereby  the 
cumulative effect of the change in accounting was recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained 
earnings (accumulated deficit) at the date of adoption. Comparative information has not been restated and continues 
to be presented in accordance with accounting standards that were in effect for those periods. 

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, we allocated the gross proceeds of the Convertible Notes between the 
liability and equity components under the cash conversion feature model using the accounting rules in GAAP (ASC 
470-20).  The  carrying  amount  of  the  liability  component  was  calculated  based  on  the  fair  value  of  a  similar  debt 
instrument  excluding  the  embedded  conversion  option  at  the  issuance  date.  The  carrying  amount  of  the  equity 
component  representing  the  conversion  option  was  calculated  by  deducting  the  carrying  value  of  the  liability 
component from the principal amount of the notes as a whole. This difference represented a debt discount and was 
being amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity 
component of the notes was included in stockholders' equity and was not remeasured as long as it continued to meet 
the conditions for equity classification. 

Effective March 1, 2022, we no longer separately present in equity an embedded conversion feature of such 
debt. Instead, we account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (i) the convertible debt instrument 
contains  features  that  require  bifurcation  as  a  derivative  or  (ii)  the  convertible  debt  instrument  was  issued  at  a 
substantial premium. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, debt issuance costs attributable to the liability component 
were amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method and debt issuance costs attributable to the equity 
component were netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity. Upon adoption, the entire amount of debt 
issuance costs is reflected as a contra-liability and amortized as interest expense using the effective interest method 
over the respective term of the notes. We account for the cost of the capped calls as a reduction to additional paid-in-
capital.

After  adopting  the  new  guidance,  the  use  of  the  if-converted  method  is  required  when  calculating  diluted 
earnings per share ("EPS") for convertible instruments and the treasury stock method should no longer be used. Under 
the new guidance, convertible instruments that may be settled in cash or shares are to be included in the calculation 
of diluted EPS if the effect is more dilutive, with no option for rebutting the presumption of share settlement based on 
stated policy or past experience. If we make an irrevocable election to settle the principal of the Convertible Notes in 
cash and the excess conversion spread in shares, the if-converted method will result in a reduced number of shares 
issued to reflect only the excess conversion.

61

The below adoption adjustments were calculated based on the carrying amount of the Convertible Notes as if it 
had always been treated as a liability only. Furthermore, these adjustments address the debt issuance costs contra-
liability and equity (additional paid-in capital) components under the same premise (i.e., as if the total amount of debt 
issuance costs had always been treated as a contra-liability only). Lastly, we derecognized the deferred income taxes 
associated  with  the  debt  discount  and  adjusted  deferred  income  taxes  relative  to  unamortized  debt  issuance  costs 
associated with the Convertible Notes. This resulted in a net increase in gross deferred taxes of $9.4 million but no 
impact to the net deferred tax asset balance due to the valuation allowance recorded against our domestic deferred tax 
assets. We expect lower interest expense related to the Convertible Notes to be recognized in future periods subsequent 
to the adoption as a result of accounting for the Convertible Notes as a single liability measured at amortized cost. 

The following table summarizes the impact of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on our consolidated balance sheet 

on March 1, 2022 (in thousands). 

Deferred income tax assets, net
Total debt (1)
Additional paid-in-capital
Accumulated deficit

February 28, 2022 ASU 2020-06 March 1, 2022

As Reported

Adoption
Impact

As Adjusted

$

$

4,165 $

192,288
242,386
(165,965) $

-
37,365
(67,003)
29,639 $

4,165
229,653
175,383
(136,326)

(1) Prior to adoption, the carrying value of the convertible debt represented the principal amount less the unamortized 
debt discount and unamortized debt issuance costs. After adoption, the carrying value of convertible debt represents 
the principal amount less the unamortized debt issuance costs.

NOTE 2 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Effective March 15, 2021, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and Spireon entered into an agreement 
(“Sale Agreement”) pursuant to which we sold certain assets and transferred certain liabilities of the LoJack North 
America  business  (“LoJack  Transaction”)  for  an  upfront  cash  purchase  price  of  approximately  $8.0  million.  We 
received net proceeds of $6.6 million, based on an estimate of certain adjustments to the gross purchase price as of 
the closing date. On November 9, 2021, the purchase price was reduced by $0.9 million, which was paid to Spireon, 
due to final working capital adjustments. No further adjustments to the purchase price are expected. We recognized a 
gain on the sale of the LoJack North America business of $4.1 million during the year ended February 28, 2022.

Concurrent  with  the  closing  of  the  transaction,  we  also  entered  into  a  Transition  Services  Agreement  (the 
“TSA”) to provide support to Spireon in the transition of customers to its telematics solution and to provide recovery 
services to the existing installed base of LoJack North America customers, as an agent of Spireon, for a period of six 
months  commencing  March  15,  2021.  Subsequently,  the  transition  period  was  extended  and  then  effectively 
terminated on March 31, 2022. As consideration for these services, Spireon reimbursed us for the direct and certain 
indirect costs, as well as certain overhead or administrative expenses related to operating the business. Additionally, 
we entered into a services agreement that commenced April 1, 2022 upon the expiration of the TSA, under which we 
will provide certain services related to the LoJack North America tower infrastructure for a period no longer than fifty-
four months. As consideration for these services, Spireon will pay us a monthly service fee over the stipulated contract 
term. Further, we entered into a license agreement pursuant to which we license certain intellectual property rights 
related to the LoJack North America business in the U.S. and Canada to Spireon. In connection with the  services 
provided to Spireon during the years ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively, we incurred a total cost of $3.0 
million and $4.4 million of which $1.6 million and $2.3 million was billed to Spireon for the services and the net 
amount of remaining of $1.4 million and $2.1 million was included within other income (expense) in the consolidated 
statements of comprehensive loss as these costs represent non-operating expenses.

The  operating  results  and  cash  flows  related  to  the  LoJack  North  America  operations  are  reflected  as 
discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the consolidated statements of cash 
flows for the years ended February 28, 2022 and 2021. For the year ended February 28, 2022, we have reported the 
operating results and cash flows related to the LoJack North America operations through March 14, 2021.

62

The amounts in the statements of operations that are included in discontinued operations are summarized in the 

following table (in thousands):

Revenues
Cost of revenues
Gross profit
Operating expenses:

Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative
Intangible asset amortization
Restructuring
Impairment losses

Total operating expenses

Operating loss from discontinued operations
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

Year Ended February 28,
2021
2022

$

823
950
(127)

32
167
75
141
404
-
819
(946)
4,103
3,157

$

32,692
21,133
11,559

1,441
9,988
7,041
2,199
2,220
23,822
46,711
(35,152)
-
(35,152)

$

$

The amounts in the statements of cash flows that are included in discontinued operations are summarized in the 

following table (in thousands):

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) from discontinued operations 
to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

$

Year Ended February 28,
2021
2022

3,157 $

(35,152)

Depreciation
Intangible asset amortization
Stock-based compensation
Impairment losses
Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Non-cash operating lease cost
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Deferred revenue
Operating lease liabilities

NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES 
FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Capital expenditures
Net proceeds from sale of discontinued operations

NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES 
FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Net change in cash and cash equivalents

-
141
25
-
(4,103)
-

452
425
4
(331)
(135)
(30)
-

(395)

-
5,721

5,721
5,326

2,260
2,199
1,516
23,822
-
4,901

2,584
2,585
(123)
(1,859)
(1,363)
(428)
(5,354)

(4,412)

(2,338)
-

(2,338)
(6,750)

63

NOTE 3 – CONCENTRATION OF CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS 

Significant Customers

We sell telematics products and services to large global enterprises in the industrial equipment, transportation, 
and automotive market verticals. One customer in the industrial equipment industry accounted for 17%, 18% and 19% 
of our consolidated revenue and 14%, 12% and 25% of our consolidated accounts receivable as of and for the years 
ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Significant Suppliers

We  purchase  a  significant  amount  of  our  inventory  from  certain  manufacturers  or  suppliers  including 
components, assemblies and electronic manufacturing parts. These suppliers are located in Mexico and Asia, including 
China. The inventory is purchased under standard supply agreements that outline the terms of the product delivery. 
The title and risk of loss of the product generally pass to us upon shipment from the manufacturers’ plant or warehouse. 
Some  of  these  manufacturers  accounted  for  more  than  10%  of  our  purchases  and  accounts  payable  as  follows 
(rounded):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

Inventory purchases:

Supplier A
Supplier B
Supplier C
Supplier D

Accounts Payable:

Supplier A
Supplier B
Supplier C
Supplier D

13%
19%
16%
10%

14%
13%
15%
10%

As of February 28,
2022

2021

2023

10%
22%
12%
9%

3%
15%
11%
7%

20%
14%
10%
22%

17%
11%
8%
5%

We are currently reliant upon these manufacturers and suppliers for products. Although we believe that we can 
obtain products from other sources, the loss of a significant manufacturer or supplier could have a material impact on 
our financial condition and results of operations as the products that are being purchased may not be available on the 
same terms from another manufacturer or supplier.

NOTE 4 – CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND INVESTMENTS

The following tables summarize our financial instrument assets (in thousands):

As of February 28, 2023

Balance Sheet Classification 
of
Fair Value

Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)

Fair
Value

Cash and
Cash
Equivalents

Other
Assets

Cost

41,903 $

- $

41,903 $

41,903 $

25
341
42,269 $

-
(3)
(3) $

25
338
42,266 $

25
-
41,928 $

-

-
338
338

Cash
Level 1:

Money market funds
Mutual funds (1)

Total

$

$

64

As of February 28, 2022

Balance Sheet Classification 
of
Fair Value

Cash
Level 1:

Money market funds
Mutual funds (1)

Level 2:

Repurchase agreements

Total

Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)

Fair
Value

Cash and
Cash
Equivalents

Other
Assets

Cost

$

28,394 $

- $

28,394 $

28,394 $

7,327
851

-
107

7,327
958

7,327
-

43,500
80,072 $

$

-
107 $

43,500
80,179 $

43,500
79,221 $

-

-
958

-
958

(1) Amounts represent various equities, bonds and money market mutual funds held in a “Rabbi Trust” and 
are restricted for payment obligations to non-qualified deferred compensation plan participants. In addition to 
the mutual funds above, our “Rabbi Trust” also included Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (COLI) starting in 
Fiscal  2020.  As  of  February 28,  2023,  the  cash  surrender  value  of  COLI  was  $5.7  million.  See  Note  9  for 
discussion of the deferred compensation plan.

NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands):

Accounts receivable
Allowance for doubtful accounts

February 28,

2023

2022

$

$

84,726 $
(1,780)
82,946 $

64,190
(2,646)
61,544

NOTE 6 – INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Raw materials
Finished goods

February 28,

2023

2022

$

$

11,920 $
11,982
23,902 $

6,090
12,179
18,269

65

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

Leasehold improvements
Recovery system components and law 
enforcement tracking units
Leased devices
Plant equipment and tooling
Office equipment, computers and 
furniture
Software

Less accumulated depreciation and 
amortization

Fixed assets not yet in service

Useful
Life

5 - 10 years $
7 to 10 years

2 to 5 years
2 - 5 years
3 - 5 years

3 - 7 years

February 28,

2023

2022

6,856 $

6,853

884
31,057
10,409

9,192
47,152
105,550

(75,402)
30,148
2,684
32,832 $

$

940
33,632
8,960

8,555
40,885
99,825

(65,615)
34,210
3,464
37,674

Depreciation expense from continuing operations was $16.4 million, $17.4 million and $17.2 million for the 

fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

A portion of the recovery system components and law enforcement tracking units above represent the software 
development for and equipment attached to our tower infrastructure. During fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, we 
recorded impairment losses aggregating $9.0 million, which represented the net book value of property and equipment 
substantially related to the LoJack U.S. SVR operations. Impairment losses of $8.9 million for the fiscal year ended 
February 28, 2021 are included within the net loss from discontinued operations shown separately in our consolidated 
statement of comprehensive loss.

Fixed assets not yet in service consist primarily of capitalized internal-use software and certain tooling and other 
equipment that have not been placed into service. During fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, we wrote-off $0.4 
million of fixed assets not yet in service that is included in restructuring charges in the consolidated statements of 
comprehensive loss as further discussed in Note 11, Restructuring. 

NOTE 8 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Changes in goodwill are as follows (in thousands):

Software & 
Subscription
Services

Telematics
Products

Total

Balance as of February 28, 2022
Re-allocation
Effect of exchange rate change on goodwill
Balance as of February 28, 2023

$

$

55,256 $
22,991
(222)
78,025 $

39,180 $
(22,991) $

-
16,189 $

94,436
-
(222)
94,214

66

As further described in Note 1, Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we 
began entering into subscription arrangements with customers who historically purchased MRM telematics products 
from us, which has resulted in growth in Software & Subscription Services revenues and a corresponding decline in 
Telematics Products revenues as we have transitioned most of the MRM telematics business to long-term subscription 
contracts. This transition was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2023. As a result of this customer 
transition between reporting units, in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2023, a portion of the goodwill previously associated 
with our Telematics Products reporting unit was re-allocated amongst the reporting units impacted by this customer 
transition.

Other intangible assets are comprised as follows (in thousands, except years):

Useful
Life

Feb. 28,
2022

Developed
technology
Tradenames 10

4-6
years $ 26,958

Gross (2)
Additions &
Adjustments,
net (1)

Accumulated Amortization (2)

Net

Feb. 28,
2023

Feb. 28,
2022

Amortization
Expense

Feb. 28,
2023

Feb. 28,
2022

Feb. 28,
2023

(63) $

26,895 $ 25,470

1,265 $ 26,735 $

1,488 $

160

Customer
relationships
Patents

years
10-15
years
5
years

30,192

35,404

(146)

30,046

20,571

2,133

22,704

9,621

7,342

209

35,613

14,883

1,930

16,813

20,521

18,800

589

$ 93,143 $

-
0 $

589

254

93,143 $ 61,178 $

4

331
5,332 $ 66,510 $ 31,965 $ 26,633

335

258

(1) Amounts also include any net changes in intangible asset balances for the periods presented that resulted 
from foreign currency translation.
(2) This table excludes the gross value of fully amortized intangible assets totaling $38.9 million and $23.0 
million at February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, respectively.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period to be benefited 
by future cash flows. We monitor and assess these assets for impairment on a periodic basis. Our assessment includes 
various  new  product  lines  and  services,  which  leverage  the  existing  intangible  assets  as  well  as  consideration  of 
historical and projected revenues and cash flows. In Fiscal 2021, we determined that the prolonged secular decline in 
legacy LoJack US SVR products revenue coupled with the slower than anticipated market penetration of our telematics 
solutions in the U.S. automotive dealership channel represented determinate indications of impairment. As a result, 
we performed an assessment of the carrying amount of the related intangible assets supporting these products including 
the LoJack tradename and dealer and customer relationships. Our assessment of the future cash flows generated by 
these assets concluded that an impairment loss was present. For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, we recorded 
an impairment loss aggregating $1.5 million, which was attributable to $1.0 million of US Dealer relationships and 
$0.5  million  of  developed  technology.  These  impairment  losses  are  included  within  net  loss  from  discontinued 
operations for fiscal years ended February 28, 2021.

Amortization expense of intangible assets from continuing operations was $5.3 million, $5.4 million and $4.8 

million in fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

Estimated future amortization expense as of February 28, 2023 is as follows (in thousands): 

4,527
4,412
4,133
2,513
2,266
8,782
26,633

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

$

$

67

NOTE 9 – OTHER ASSETS

Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):

February 28,

2023

2022

Deferred product cost
Deferred compensation plan assets
Lease receivables, non-current
Prepaid commissions
Other

$

$

842 $

6,221
22,006
4,057
2,952
36,078 $

1,493
7,215
15,118
2,894
2,912
29,632

We have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan in which certain members of management and all non-
employee directors are eligible to participate. Participants may defer a portion of their compensation until retirement 
or  another  date  specified  by  them  in  accordance  with  the  plan.  We  are  funding  the  plan  obligations  through  cash 
deposits to a Rabbi Trust that are invested in various equity, bond, COLI and money market mutual funds in generally 
the  same  proportion  as  investment  elections  made  by  the  participants.  The  deferred  compensation  plan  liability  is 
included in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

NOTE 10 – FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS 

Balances attributable to our financing arrangements consist of the following (in thousands):

2025 Convertible Notes, 2.00% fixed rate 
(2)
Due to factors under revenue assignments

Total term debt

Unamortized discount and issuance costs 
(1)
Less: current portion of long-term term 
debt

Long-term debt, net of current portion

Maturity
Date

Effective
Interest Rate

February 28,

2023

2022

August 1, 2025
2020 - 2024

2.49%
4.70%

230,000
1,149
231,149

230,000
3,829
233,829

(3,028)

(41,541)

(705)
227,416 $

(2,585)
189,703

$

(1) The debt discount associated with the Convertible Notes and related unamortized debt issuance costs as of 
February  28,  2023  reflects  the  adoption  impact  of  ASU  2020-06  effective  March  1,  2022.  See  Note  1,
Description  of  Business  and  Summary  of Significant  Accounting  Policies  –  Recently  Adopted  Accounting 
Pronouncements, for further information regarding the adoption of ASU 2020-06.
(2) The effective interest rate was 7.56% prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06.

The effective interest rates for the convertible notes include the interest on the notes and amortization of the 
debt issuance costs. As of February 28, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the convertible notes, based on Level 2 inputs, 
was $201.0 million and $209.0 million, respectively.

68

Revolving Credit Facility

On July 13, 2022, we replaced our revolving credit facility with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and we entered 
into a new revolving credit facility with PNC Bank, N.A., that provides for an asset-based senior secured revolving 
credit facility for borrowings up to an aggregate of $50.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including borrowing 
base provisions that limit borrowing capacity to 80% of eligible accounts receivable and 50% of eligible inventory. 
At our election, the borrowings under this revolving credit facility bear interest at either the Bloomberg short-term 
bank yield rate plus a margin of 2.50% per annum or an alternate base rate plus a margin of 1.50% per annum. We 
also  pay  an  unused  line  fee  ranging  from  0.50%  to  0.75%  per  annum,  based  on  the  level  of  borrowings,  payable 
quarterly in arrears. Amounts owed under the revolving credit facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of 
its subsidiaries. We have also granted security interests in substantially all of our respective assets to secure these 
obligations. The revolving credit facility will terminate, and all outstanding loans will become due and payable on the 
earlier of July 13, 2025 and the date that is ninety days prior to the maturity date of our 2025 Convertible notes. The 
proceeds available under the revolving credit facility could be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, 
which could include acquisitions. Amounts available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility are reduced by 
the balance of any outstanding letters of credit. The revolving credit facility contains customary events of default, that 
upon our default may require us to pay all amounts outstanding and allow PNC Bank to foreclose on collateral. As of 
February 28, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding and $2.6 million of outstanding letters of credit under this 
revolving credit facility and total remaining borrowing availability was $34.2 million. 

The revolving credit facility contains certain negative and affirmative covenants, including financial covenants 
that require us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00, measured as of the last day of 
each  fiscal  quarter  if  our  liquidity  position,  consisting  of  specified  cash  balances  plus  unused  availability  on  the 
revolving credit facility, falls below $40.0 million on such day. Additionally, the revolving credit facility contains a 
cash dominion trigger whereby PNC Bank may direct domestic cash balances and receipts to pay down borrowings 
under  the  revolving  credit  facility  should  our  liquidity  position,  consisting  of  specified  cash  balances  plus  unused 
availability on the revolving credit facility, fall below $25.0 million at the end of any month. As of February 28, 2023, 
we were in compliance with our covenants under the revolving credit facility.

Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes - 2025 Convertible Notes

On July 20, 2018, we issued debt of $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured 
notes due in August 2025 (“2025 Convertible Notes”). These notes were issued under an indenture, dated July 20, 
2018 between us and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee.

The proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Convertible Notes were $222.7 million, after deducting issuance costs 
of $7.3 million. We initially used approximately $90.0 million of the net proceeds from this offering to (i) pay the cost 
of the capped call transactions of $21.2 million; (ii) repurchase shares of our common stock of approximately $15.0 
million;  and  (iii)  repurchase  in  privately  negotiated  transactions  approximately  $50  million  principal  of  our 
outstanding 2020 Convertible Notes for approximately $53.8 million. 

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, as further discussed in Note 1, Description of Business and Summary of 
Significant Accounting Policies – Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, we accounted for our convertible 
debt as separate liability and equity components. The value assigned to the liability component was the estimated fair 
value, as of the issuance date, of a similar debt without the conversion feature. The difference between the principal 
amount of the debt and the estimated fair value of the liability component, representing the value of the embedded 
conversion option assigned to the equity component, was recorded as a debt discount on the issuance date. The fair 
value  of  the  liability  component  was  generally  determined  using  a  discounted  cash  flow  analysis,  in  which  the 
projected  interest  and  principal  payments  are  discounted  back  to  the  issuance  date  at  a  market  interest  rate  that 
represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. The debt discount was amortized to interest expense using the effective 
interest method with an effective interest rate equal to the aforementioned market interest rate over the term of the 
debt.  The  remaining  gross  proceeds  net  of  the  liability  component  represented  the  fair  value  of  the  embedded 
conversion feature that was recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital within the stockholders’ equity section. 
The  associated  deferred  tax  effect  was  recorded  as  a  reduction of  additional  paid-in  capital.  Approximately  $51.9 
million, net of tax, was allocated to additional paid-in-capital upon issuance of these notes. The equity component was 
not re-measured as the embedded conversion option continued to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Further, the issuance costs related to the debt were also allocated to the liability and equity components based 
on the relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a direct deduction 
from the carrying value of the debt and were being amortized to expense over the term of the debt using the effective 

69

interest method. The issuance costs attributable to the equity component were recorded as a charge to the additional 
paid-in  capital  within  stockholders’  equity.  Lastly,  the  deferred  tax  effect  related  to  the  equity  component  of  the 
issuance costs were also recorded to additional paid-in capital as such costs are deductible for tax purposes.

The table below summarizes the liability and equity components of the 2025 Convertible Notes, the issuance 
costs and the applicable assumptions used for the calculation (in millions except initial conversion rate and per share 
amounts):

Initial conversion rate (shares per $1,000 principal amount)
Initial conversion price per share

Fair value of liability component upon issuance
Fair value measurement level
Fair value of embedded equity component upon issuance
Deferred tax asset effect

Total issuance cost
Equity component
Deferred tax asset effect

$

$

$
$

$
$
$

32.5256
30.7450

160.8
Level 3
69.2
17.3

7.3
2.2
0.5

Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06 on March 1, 2022, we reversed the separation of the debt and equity components 
and accounted for the Convertible Notes wholly as debt. We also reversed the amortization of the debt discount, with 
a cumulative effect to accumulated deficit on the adoption date. Prior to the adoption of this pronouncement, debt 
issuance  costs  attributable  to  the  liability  component  were  being  amortized  to  interest  expense  using  the  effective 
interest method and debt issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component 
in  Stockholders'  equity.  Effective  March  1,  2022,  we  reversed  the  debt  issuance  costs  attributable  to  the  equity 
component and account for the entire amount as debt issuance costs that will be amortized as interest expense using 
the effective interest method, with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) on the 
adoption  date.  See  Note  1,  Description  of  Business  and  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  -  Recently 
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, for further information regarding the adoption of ASU 2020-06 and Note 15, 
Earnings (Loss) Per Share, for a description of the dilutive nature of the Convertible Notes. 

In  July  2018,  in  connection  with  the  2025  Convertible  Notes,  we  entered  into  capped  call  transactions  with 
certain option counterparties who were initial purchasers of the 2025 Convertible Notes. The capped call transactions 
are expected to reduce the potential dilution of earnings per share upon conversion of the 2025 Convertible Notes. 
Under the capped call transactions, we purchased options that in the aggregate relate to the total number shares of 7.48 
million shares of common stock underlying the notes, with a strike price equal to the conversion price of the notes and 
with a cap price equal to $41.3875. We paid $21.2 million for the note hedges and as a result, approximately $15.9 
million, net of tax, was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity. 

We elected to integrate the note hedges and capped call with the Notes for federal income tax purposes pursuant 
to applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations. Accordingly, the cost of the note hedges and capped call will be deductible 
for income tax purposes as original issue discount interest over the term of Notes.

2025 Convertible Notes Terms

70

The  2025  Convertible  Notes  contain  customary  terms  and  conditions,  including  that  upon  certain  events  of 
default occurring and continuing, either the trustee, by notice to us, or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal 
amount of the then outstanding Notes, by notice to us and the trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all 
accrued  and  unpaid  interest  on,  all  of  the  2025  Convertible  Notes  then  outstanding  to  become  due  and  payable 
immediately.  Such  events  of  default  include,  without  limitation,  the  default  by  us  or  any  of  our  subsidiaries  with 
respect to indebtedness for borrowed money in excess of $10 million and the entry of judgments for the payment of 
$15 million or more against us or any of our subsidiaries, which are not paid, discharged or stayed within 60 days.

The 2025 Convertible Notes bear interest at 2.00% per year payable semiannually in arrears in cash on February 
1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2019. The 2025 Convertible Notes will mature on August 1, 
2025, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased by us in accordance with their terms. We may redeem the 
Notes at our option at any time on or after August 6, 2022 at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount 
plus accrued interest, but only if the last reported sale price per share of our stock exceeds 130% of the conversion 
price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending 
on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we send the related redemption notice; and (ii) the 
trading day immediately before the date we send such notice. The 2025 Convertible Notes rank senior in right of 
payment to any existing or future indebtedness which is subordinated by its terms, ranks equally in right of payment 
to any indebtedness that is not so subordinated, is structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and liabilities of our 
subsidiaries and is effectively junior to our secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such 
indebtedness.

The 2025 Convertible Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of both, at 
our election, based on an initial conversion rate and initial conversion price as noted above. Holders may convert their 
2025 Convertible Notes at their option upon the occurrence of certain events, as defined in the indenture.

Upon  the  occurrence  of  a  “make-whole  fundamental  change”,  we  will  in  certain  circumstances  increase  the 
conversion rate for a specific period of time. Additionally, upon the occurrence of a “fundamental change”, holders 
of the notes may require us to repurchase their notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 
notes  to  be  repurchased,  plus  any  accrued  and  unpaid  interest.  As  of  February 28,  2023,  none  of  the  conditions 
allowing the holders of the 2025 Convertible Notes to convert have been met.

2020 Convertible Notes

In May 2015, we issued $172.5 million aggregate principal amount convertible notes that were senior unsecured 
obligations and with interest at a rate of 1.625% per year payable in cash on May 15 and November 15 of each year 
(“2020 Convertible Notes”).

In July 2018, we entered into separate, privately negotiated purchase agreements to repurchase approximately 
$50 million in aggregate principal amount of our 2020 Convertible Notes for $53.8 million including accrued interest, 
by using a portion of the net proceeds from the 2025 Convertible Notes. The repurchase was accounted for as an 
extinguishment of debt, not a modification of debt. We allocated the repurchase price of $53.7 million between the 
fair value of the liability of $47.6 million and the equity component of $6.1 million. The fair value of the liability 
component was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis at a market interest rate for nonconvertible debt of 
4.36%  based  on  the  remaining  maturity  of  the  2020  Convertible  Notes,  which  represented  a  Level  3  fair  value 
measurement. The carrying value of the repurchased notes was $45.6 million, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of 
debt of $2.0 million. We also received proceeds of $3.1 million from the unwinding of the note hedge and warrants, 
which was recorded as additional paid-in capital. 

71

In  October  and  November  2019,  we  entered  into  separate,  privately  negotiated  purchase  agreements  to 
repurchase approximately $94.9 million in aggregate principal amount of these notes for $94.7 million. The repurchase 
was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. The entire repurchase price of $94.7 million was considered as the 
fair value of the liability as the equity component was de minimis. The fair value of the liability was determined using 
a discounted cash flow analysis at a market interest rate for nonconvertible debt based on the remaining maturity of 
the  2020  Convertible  Notes,  which  represented  a  Level  3  fair  value  measurement.  The  carrying  value  of  the 
repurchased notes was $92.3 million, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.4 million. On May 15, 2020, 
we repaid the remaining principal balance of $27.6 million of the 2020 Convertible Notes.

Synovia Revenue Assignments

In conjunction with the acquisition of Synovia on April 12, 2019, we assumed the rights and obligations under 
certain revenue assignment arrangements with several financial institutions (the “Factors”). Pursuant to the terms of 
the arrangements, Synovia sold to the Factors rights to all future revenues of certain subscription contracts on a non-
recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The sales price paid represents a percentage of the total contract value 
(generally 80%) due to Synovia at the beginning of the contract, with the total customer contract balance to be paid 
by the customers to the Factors over the contract period. The cost of the transaction was recorded as a contra-liability, 
and was recognized as interest expense over the term of the subscription contract using the effective interest method, 
while the assigned customer obligation is amortized to subscription revenues using the straight-line method.

These arrangements with the Factors met the criteria in ASC 470-10-25, Sales of Future Revenues or Various 
Other Measures of Income (“ASC 470”), which relates to cash received from an investor in exchange for a specified 
percentage or amount of revenue or other measure of income of a contractual right for a defined period. Under this 
guidance,  the  arrangement  qualified  as  a  debt  instrument  for  accounting  purposes  due  to  Synovia’s  significant 
continuing  involvement  in  the  generation  of  cash  flows  due  to  the  Factors.  Further,  under  ASC  805,  Business 
Combination, we recorded the amounts due to the Factors as a debt obligation at fair value in the opening balance 
sheet and the outstanding amount is presented as part of our long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheet. The fair 
value of this debt of $19.7 million was determined using a pre-tax cost of debt of 4.7% at the time of our acquisition 
of Synovia. The discount of $1.5 million will be amortized under the interest method. During the fiscal year ended 
February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million of interest expense 
related  to  this  debt,  respectively.  The  non-cash  revenues  recognized  from  this  arrangement  of  $2.7  million,  $4.6 
million and $6.3 million are included as a non-cash activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows for fiscal 
year ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Paycheck Protection Program

On  April  16,  2020,  we  received  proceeds  from  a  loan  in  the  amount  of  $10  million  (the  "PPP  Loan")  from 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as lender, pursuant to the Small Business Association ("SBA") Paycheck Protection 
Program (the "PPP") of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. At the time we applied for the PPP 
loan,  we  believed  that  we  qualified  to  receive  the  funds  pursuant  to  the  PPP.  On  April  23,  2020,  the  SBA,  in 
consultation with the Department of Treasury, issued new guidance that created uncertainty regarding the qualification 
requirements for a PPP loan. Out of an abundance of caution and in light of the new guidance, we repaid in full the 
principal and interest on the PPP Loan on April 27, 2020.

NOTE 11 – RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

In  the  fourth  quarter  of  Fiscal  2023,  to  further  progress  our  strategy  of  driving  growth  in  our  software  and 
subscription  services  business,  we  implemented  certain  cost  savings  and  cost  efficiency  measures  to  reduce  our 
expense  structure,  better  align  our  personnel  to  a  subscription  services  business  model,  and  terminate  non-core 
initiatives not deemed to be key towards our strategic direction. The implementation of these measures resulted in a 
restructuring charge of $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, which was comprised of $1.5 million 
of  severance  and  employee  related  costs  and  the  write-off  of  $3.1  million  of  amounts  previously  capitalized  in 
connection with technology initiatives that were determined would no longer provide future benefit. $2.3 million of 
these restructuring charges were attributable to the Telematics Products reportable segment, and $2.3 million of these 
restructuring charges were attributable to the Software & Subscription Services reportable segment. 

72

In Fiscal 2019, we commenced a plan to capture certain synergies and cost savings related to streamlining our 
global operations and sales organization, as well as rationalize certain leased properties that were not fully occupied. 
This plan was aligned with our strategy to integrate the global sales organization and further outsource manufacturing 
functions  in  order  to  drive  operational  efficiency,  increase  supplier  geographic  diversity,  and  reduce  operating 
expenses. Through Fiscal 2022, total restructuring charges related to this plan aggregated $17.9 million, and were 
comprised primarily of $11.1 million in severance and employee related costs, and $6.8 million for vacant office and 
manufacturing facilities as well as terminated tower infrastructure leases. Substantially all charges related to severance 
and employee costs were under the Telematics Products reportable segment.

The following table summarizes restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 

2021 (in thousands):

Year Ended February 28,

2023

2022

2021

Cost of revenue
Research and 
development
Selling and 
marketing
General and 
administrative

Total

Personnel Facilities Software Total Personnel Facilities Total Personnel Facilities Total
850 $1,380
218 $
$

376 $ 594 $

- $ 127 $

530 $

127 $

- $

235

548

-

-

-

235

412

960

57

247

589
1,499 $

$

-
- $

2,675 3,264
3,087 $4,586 $

100
622 $

-

-

6

57

247

106

382 $1,004 $

33

820

-

-

33

820

2,521
3,904 $

- 2,521
850 $4,754

Restructuring charges of $0.4 million, and $2.2 million for fiscal years ended February 28, 2022, and 2021 were 

included within discontinued operations, respectively.

The following table summarizes changes in restructuring liabilities, which are reported within other current and 

non-current liabilities (in thousands):

Personnel

Facilities

Total

Restructuring liabilities as of February 28, 2021
Charges
Payments
Restructuring liabilities as of February 28, 2022
Charges
Payments
Restructuring liabilities as of February 28, 2023

$

$

$

2,637 $
622
(3,129)

130 $

1,499
(582)
1,047 $

891 $
382
(424)
849 $
-
(376)
473 $

3,528
1,004
(3,553)
979
1,499
(958)
1,520

The restructuring liabilities related to personnel were included in accrued payroll and employee benefits in our 

consolidated balance sheets as of February 28, 2023 and 2022. 

NOTE 12 – LEASES

We have various non-cancelable operating leases for our offices in California, Texas, Massachusetts, Indiana 
and Minnesota in the United States, and Italy, Mexico and the United Kingdom. We also have various non-cancelable 
operating leases for towers and vehicles throughout the United States, Italy and Mexico. These leases expire at various 
times through 2033. Certain lease agreements contain renewal options, rent abatement, and escalation clauses that are 
factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate.

73

The following table below presents lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheet 

(in thousands):

Assets

Classification

2023

2022

February 28,

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Operating lease right-of-
use assets

Liabilities

Operating lease liabilities (current) Other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities 
(noncurrent)

Operating lease liabilities

Total lease liabilities

$

$

$

12,293

$

12,327

4,884

$

12,314
17,198

$

5,086

13,382
18,468

Lease Costs

The  following  lease  costs  were  included  in  our  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  income  (loss)  as 

follows (in thousands):

Operating lease cost
Short-term lease cost
Variable lease cost
Total lease cost

Supplemental Information

2023

Years ended February 28,
2022

2021

$

$

4,330 $
155
123
4,608 $

4,741 $
75
102
4,918 $

6,842
168
442
7,452

The table below presents supplemental information related to operating leases (in thousands, except weighted-

average information):

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term
Weighted average discount rate

Years ended February 28,

$
$

2023

5,465 $
3,402 $

4.0 years
5.24%

2022

6,005
3,087
3.8 years
5.17%

74

Undiscounted Cash Flows

The table below reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and total of the remaining 
years  to  the  operating  lease  liabilities  recorded  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheet  as  of  February 28,  2023  (in 
thousands):

2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total minimum lease payments
Less imputed interest
Present value of future minimum lease 
payments
Less current obligations under leases
Long-term lease obligations

$

$

5,594
4,739
3,957
2,199
1,179
1,231
18,899
(1,701)

17,198
(4,884)
12,314

NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES 

Our loss from continuing operations before income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

Domestic
Foreign
Total loss before income taxes

2023

Year Ended February 28,
2022
$ (25,352) $ (22,943) $ (16,964)
(3,632)
$ (31,339) $ (30,061) $ (20,596)

(5,987)

(7,118)

2021

The components of income tax provision consists of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

Current:
State
Foreign
Total current

Deferred:
Federal
State
Foreign
Total deferred
Income tax provision

$

$

(172) $
(303)
(475)

(33) $
(589)
(622)

(29)
3
(650)
(676)
(1,151) $

(31)
(6)
(428)
(465)
(1,087) $

40
(602)
(562)

(59)
(18)
78
1
(561)

75

The  income  tax  provision  differs  from  the  amount  obtained  by  applying  the  statutory  rate  as  follows  (in 

thousands):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

Income tax benefit at U.S. statutory federal rate
State income tax benefit, net of federal income tax 
effect
Foreign tax benefit (provision) exclusive of valuation 
allowance change
U.S. taxes on foreign income
Valuation allowance increases
Research and other tax credits
Tax expense on vested and exercised equity awards
Non-deductible expenses
Other, net
Total income tax provision

$

6,581 $

6,313 $

4,325

580

730

602

428
-
(9,199)
1,485
(1,095)
(48)
117
(1,151) $

(1,385)
-
(7,672)
1,544
(112)
(791)
286
(1,087) $

900
(306)
(5,825)
1,322
(851)
(655)
(73)
(561)

$

The components of net deferred income tax assets for income tax purposes are as follows (in thousands):

Net operating loss carryforwards
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
Research and development credits
Stock-based compensation
Other tax credits
Capitalized research costs
ROU asset
Lease liabilities
Payroll and employee benefit accruals
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Other accrued liabilities
Convertible debt
Capitalized interest
Other, net
Total deferred tax assets
Valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets

Reported as:
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax assets

February 28,

2023

2022

37,772 $
(3,346)
24,632
1,466
2,137
8,741
(3,032)
4,228
2,007
377
356
1,966
7,124
619
85,047
(82,014)

3,033 $

33,379
(5,001)
23,484
1,795
2,211
2,657
(3,122)
4,667
1,906
677
3,365
(6,573)
5,399
2,837
67,681
(63,732)
3,949

3,275 $
(242)
3,033 $

4,165
(216)
3,949

$

$

$

$

76

As of February 28, 2023, we maintained a valuation allowance with respect to certain of our deferred tax assets 
relating primarily to net operating losses and tax credits in domestic and certain foreign jurisdictions for which we 
cannot assert that they are more likely than not going to be realized. For Fiscal year 2023, we increased the valuation 
allowance against our domestic and foreign net deferred tax assets by approximately $16.2 million and $2.1 million, 
respectively. For Fiscal year 2022, we considered positive and negative evidence, in assessing our ability to realize 
our domestic and foreign net deferred tax assets and concluded that it is more likely than not that our domestic and 
many of our foreign net deferred tax assets will not be realized. As such, we increased the valuation allowance against 
our domestic and foreign net deferred tax asset by approximately $5.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for Fiscal 
year  2022.  The  amount  of  the  net  deferred  tax  assets  considered  realizable,  however,  could  be  adjusted  in  future 
periods in the event sufficient evidence is present to support a conclusion that it is more likely than not that all or a 
portion of our domestic deferred tax assets will be realized. 

At February 28, 2023, we had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $33.6 million, $87.8 million 
and $24.0 million for federal, state and foreign purposes, respectively, expiring at various dates through fiscal year 
2040. Approximately $47.0 and $37.3 million of federal and foreign net operating loss carryforwards do not expire, 
respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards are subject to various limitations under Section 382 of the 
Internal Revenue Code. If substantial changes in our ownership were to occur, there may be certain annual limitations 
on the amount of the NOL carryforwards that can be utilized.

As of February 28, 2023, we had R&D tax credit carryforwards of $12.1 million and $12.6 million for federal 
and state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal R&D tax credits expire at various dates through fiscal year 
2043. A substantial portion of the state R&D tax credits have no expiration date. As of February 28, 2023, we had 
foreign tax credit carryforwards of $1.8 million for federal income tax purposes which expire beginning in fiscal year 
2024 through fiscal year 2033.

We accounted for stock-based compensation pursuant to ASU 2016-09 and we have tax deductions on exercised 
stock options and vested restricted stock awards that did not exceed stock compensation expense amounts recognized 
for financial reporting purposes in Fiscal 2023and 2022. The gross shortfall was $1.3 million and $0.7 million in Fiscal 
2023 and 2022, respectively. We follow ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which clarifies the accounting for income 
taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized 
in the financial statements. Management determined based on our evaluation of our income tax positions that we have 
uncertain tax benefit of $1.4 million, $1.6 million, and $1.8 million at February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, 
for which we have not yet recognized an income tax benefit for financial reporting purposes. 

At  February 28,  2023,  we  decreased  the  uncertain  tax  benefits  related  to  certain  foreign  net  operating  loss 
carryforwards and domestic tax credits by $0.2 million. At February 28, 2022, we decreased the uncertain tax benefits 
related to certain foreign net operating loss carry forwards and domestic tax credits by $0.1 million. If total uncertain 
tax benefits were realized in a future period, it would result in a tax benefit of $0.7 million. As of February 28, 2023 
and 2022, our liabilities for uncertain tax  benefits were netted against our deferred tax assets on our consolidated 
balance sheet. It is reasonably possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced within the next 12 
months by at least $0.5 million.

We recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. No amounts of 

interest and/or penalties have been accrued as of February 28, 2023.

Gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits as of the beginning of 
the period
Decreases related to prior period tax positions
Decreases from lapse in statute of limitations
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits as of the end of the 
period

$

$

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

1,647 $
(155)
-
(45)

1,750 $
(45)
-
(58)

2,172
(2)
(550)
130

1,447 $

1,647 $

1,750

77

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. states, Canada, Ireland, Italy, United 
Kingdom, the Netherlands, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, Japan, Hong Kong and New Zealand. Certain income tax returns 
for the years 2018 through 2021 remain open to examination by U.S. federal and state tax authorities. To the extent 
allowed by law, the tax authorities may have the right to examine prior periods in which net operating losses or tax 
credits  were  generated  and  carried  forward,  and  to  make  adjustments  up  to  the  net  operating  loss  or  tax  credit 
carryforward amount. Our tax returns in the foreign jurisdictions remain open for examination for varying years by 
jurisdiction with certain jurisdictions being open for examination from 2017 to the present.

For the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, we assert our intention to indefinitely reinvest foreign 
earnings  in  all  our  non-U.S.  subsidiaries  and  accordingly,  recorded  no  deferred  income  taxes  on  outside  basis 
differences.

NOTE 14 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On June 7, 2018, our Board of Directors adopted the CalAmp Corp. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the 
“ESPP”), which was approved by our stockholders on July 25, 2018. The ESPP provides for the issuance of 1.75 
million shares of our common stock. The first enrollment under the ESPP Plan commenced in February 2019. There 
are two enrollment periods each year that commence on February 1st and August 1st and lasts for six months. Stock-
based compensation expense related to the ESPP Plan for the years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were  
$0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million respectively.

78

Stock-Based Compensation

Our Board of Directors adopted the 2004 Incentive Stock Plan (the 2004 Plan) effective July 30, 2004, which 
provides  for  the  granting  of  qualified  and  non-qualified  stock  options,  restricted  stock,  performance  stock  units 
(PSUs),  restricted  stock  units  (RSUs),  phantom  stock  and  bonus  stock  to  employees  and  directors.  The  primary 
purpose of the 2004 Plan is to enhance our ability to attract, motivate, and retain the services of qualified employees, 
officers and directors. Any stock options under the 2004 Plan will have a term of not more than 10 years and the 
vesting of the awards will be at the discretion of the Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors but is not 
expected to exceed four years. We treat equity awards with multiple vesting tranches as a single award for expense 
attribution purposes and recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of 
the entire award. As of February 28, 2023, there were 1.1 million award units in the 2004 Plan that were available for 
grant.

The following table summarizes our stock option activity (number of options and aggregate intrinsic value in 

thousands):

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)

Aggregate
intrinsic
value

Number of
Options

1,071
-
(141)
(152)
778
-
(33)
(81)
664
-
-
(158)
506

507
556
477

$

$

$

$

$
$
$

14.65
-
4.07
17.52
16.01
-
7.53
16.45
16.38
-
-
17.52
16.02

15.80
15.98
15.74

6.2

6.0

5.4

4.0

$

-

5.2
5.2
4.0

$
$
$

123
33
-

Outstanding at February 29, 2020
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited or expired
Outstanding at February 28, 2021
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited or expired
Outstanding at February 28, 2022
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited or expired
Outstanding at February 28, 2023

Exercisable at:
February 28, 2021
February 28, 2022
February 28, 2023

79

No options were granted in fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021.

Changes in our outstanding restricted stock shares, PSUs and RSUs for the fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 

2022 and 2021 were as follows (shares in thousands):

Shares
Retained to 
Cover
Statutory
Minimum
Withholding
Taxes

214

343

397

Number of 
Restricted
Shares, PSUs 
and RSUs

Weighted
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value

2,215
1,885
(656)
(391)
3,053
1,629
(994)
(748)
2,940
2,542
(1,045)
(931)
3,506

$

$

$

$

14.47
7.91
15.07
11.95
10.61
11.09
12.01
10.63
10.39
4.66
11.07
7.72
6.75

Outstanding at February 29, 2020
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding at February 28, 2021
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding at February 28, 2022
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding at February 28, 2023

Stock-based  compensation  expense  is  included  in  the  following  captions  of  the  consolidated  statements  of 

comprehensive loss (in thousands):

Cost of revenues
Research and development
Selling and marketing
General and administrative
Restructuring

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

$

$

120 $

2,397
2,600
5,094
-

10,211 $

125 $

3,005
2,369
5,782
40
11,321 $

501
2,690
2,333
4,833
1,007
11,364

As of February 28, 2023, there was $15.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to 
non-vested equity awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 
1.8 years.

Tax Benefits from Exercise of Stock Options and Vesting of Restricted Stock and RSU Awards

The aggregate fair value of stock options exercised and vested restricted stock and RSU awards as of the exercise 
date or vesting date was $5.6 million, $13.0 million and $9.4 million for fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022, 
and 2021, respectively. In connection with these equity awards, the excess stock compensation tax deductions were 
$0 for fiscal years presented. 

NOTE 15 – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of 
common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) 
by  the  weighted  average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  during  the  period  plus  the  dilutive  effect  of 
outstanding stock options and restricted stock-based awards using the treasury stock method. The following table sets 
forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

80

Net loss from continuing operations
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
Net loss

Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares 
outstanding

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share:

Loss from continuing operations
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
Net loss

$

$

$

$

2023
(32,490) $

Year Ended February 28,
2022
(31,148) $
3,157
(27,991) $

(32,490) $

-

2021
(21,157)
(35,152)
(56,309)

36,132

35,254

34,389

(0.90) $
-
(0.90) $

(0.88) $
0.09
(0.79) $

(0.62)
(1.02)
(1.64)

Shares  subject  to  anti-dilutive  stock  options  and  restricted  stock-based  awards  were  excluded  from  the 
computation of diluted earnings per share for the fiscal years presented which included outstanding stock options in 
the amount of 0.5 million, 0.7 million and 0.8 million as well as restricted stock based awards in the amount of 3.5 
million, 2.9 million and 3.1 million for all fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

We have the option to pay cash, issue shares of common stock or any combination thereof for the aggregate 
amount due upon conversion of the convertible senior notes. It is our intent to settle the principal amount of these 
notes with cash. From the time of the issuance of the notes, the average market price of our common stock has been 
less than the initial conversion price of the notes, and consequently no shares have been included in diluted earnings 
per share for the conversion value of the notes.

We adopted ASU 2020-06 on March 1, 2022 under the modified retrospective method and applied the new 
guidance  to  our  2025  Convertible  Notes  outstanding  as  of  that  date.  We  have  not  changed  previously  disclosed 
amounts or provided additional disclosures for comparative periods. ASU 2020-06 requires the if-converted method 
to  be  applied  for  all  convertible  instruments  when  calculating  diluted  earnings  per  share.  Under  the  if-converted 
method, diluted earnings per share will be calculated assuming that all the Convertible Notes were converted solely 
into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive. Since 
we had a net loss for the year ended February 28, 2023, the 2025 Convertible Notes were determined to be anti-dilutive 
and therefore had no impact to basic or diluted net loss per share as a  result of adopting the new pronouncement. 

NOTE 16 – EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT PLAN

We maintain a 401(k) defined-contribution plan allowing eligible U.S.-based employees to contribute up to an 
annual maximum amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Service. The current matching contribution to 
the  plan  is  equal  to  100%  of  the  first  3%  of  participants’  compensation  contribution  plus  50%  of  the  next  2% 
contributed by the participant. We recorded expense for the matching contributions of $1.8 million, $1.6 million and 
$1.9 million in fiscal years ended February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

81

NOTE 17 – OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

February 28,

2023

2022

Operating lease liabilities
Omega litigation reserve
Customer deposits
Warranty reserves
Other

$

$

4,884 $
-
2,492
1,868
6,621
15,865 $

Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

February 28,

2023

2022

Deferred revenue
Deferred compensation plan liability
Deferred tax liability
Other

$

$

11,104 $
5,727
242
2,510
19,583 $

5,086
3,000
2,586
1,823
6,456
18,951

13,496
6,800
216
2,128
22,640

Supplemental Income Statement Information

Interest expense consists of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

Interest expense on 2020 Convertible Notes:
Stated interest at 1.625% per annum
Amortization of discount and issuance costs

Interest expense on 2025 Convertible Notes:
Stated interest at 2.00% per annum
Amortization of discount and issuance costs

Other interest expense
Total interest expense

$

$

- $
-
-

4,600
1,053
5,653
607
6,260 $

- $
-
-

4,600
10,134
14,734
589
15,323 $

93
289
382

4,587
9,378
13,965
1,140
15,487

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

“Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities” in the consolidated statements of cash flows includes cash 
payments for interest and income taxes. The following is our supplemental schedule of cash payments for interest and 
income taxes and non-cash investing and financing activities (in thousands):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

Cash payments for interest and income taxes:
Interest expense paid
Income tax paid, net of refunds
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued liability for capital expenditures

$
$

$

4,910 $
67 $

4,803 $
508 $

5,320
643

803 $

1,074 $

(604)

82

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Following is our schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for the last three years (in thousands): 

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

Fiscal 2021
Fiscal 2022
Fiscal 2023

Warranty reserve:

Fiscal 2021
Fiscal 2022
Fiscal 2023

Deferred tax assets valuation allowance:

Fiscal 2021
Fiscal 2022
Fiscal 2023

Balance at 
beginning
of year

Charged
(credited) to 
costs and 
expenses

Deductions

Balance at
end of year

$

$

$

2,264 $
3,658
2,646

987 $

1,257
1,823

45,560 $
56,848
63,732

2,163 $
156
(272)

2,729 $
2,239
1,676

11,288 $
6,884
18,282

(769) $

(1,168)
(594)

(2,459) $
(1,673)
(1,631)

- $
-
-

3,658
2,646
1,780

1,257
1,823
1,868

56,848
63,732
82,014

NOTE 18 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

Omega patent claim

In December 2013, a patent infringement lawsuit was filed against us by Omega Patents, LLC (“Omega”), a 
non-practicing entity. Omega alleged that certain of our vehicle tracking products infringed on four patents owned by 
Omega. The parties commenced a mediation on April 12, 2022, and on May 17, 2022, CalAmp and Omega executed 
an agreement for a settlement and release and a covenant not to sue under certain patents. On June 1, 2022, we paid 
$4.9 million pursuant to this settlement agreement. The parties filed a Joint Stipulation of Dismissal With Prejudice 
on June 15, 2022, and on June 16, 2022, the court dismissed the case with prejudice.

Philips patent claim

On December 17, 2020, Koninklijke Philips N.V. (“Philips”) filed four separate legal actions against us, and 
several  other  companies,  accusing  the  companies  of  infringing  Philips’s  3G  and  4G  wireless  standard-essential 
patents:  (1)  first,  in  the  U.S.  District  Court,  District  of  Delaware,  Philips  v.  Quectel  Wireless  Solutions  Co.  Ltd. 
(“Quectel”), CalAmp, Xirgo Technologies, LLC (“Xirgo”), and Laird Connectivity, Inc. (“Laird”), Philips alleges that 
our location monitoring units infringe certain claims of U.S. Patent No. 7,831,271 (“the ’271 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 
8,199,711 (“the ’711 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 7,554,943 (“the ’943 patent”), and U.S. Patent No. 7,944,935 (“the 
’935 patent”) (all four patents collectively, the “Patents”); (2) second, in the U.S. District Court, District of Delaware, 
Philips  v.  Telit  Wireless  Solutions,  Inc.,  Telit  Communications  Plc,  (collectively,  “Telit”),  and  CalAmp,  Philips 
alleges that our location monitoring units and certain modules therein infringe certain claims of the Patents; (3) third, 
in  the  U.S.  District  Court,  District  of  Delaware,  Philips  v.  Thales  DIS  AIS  USA  LLC  (F/K/A  Gemalto  IoT  LLC 
“Gemalto”)  F/K/A  Cinterion  Wireless  Modules  NAFTA  LLC  (“Cinterion”),  Thales  DIS  AIS  Deutschland  GmbH 
(F/K/A Gemalto M2M GmbH), Thales USA, Inc., Thales S.A., (collectively, “Thales”), CalAmp, Xirgo, and Laird, 
Philips alleges that our location monitoring units infringe certain claims of the Patents, and (4) fourth, before The 
International Trade Commission (“ITC”), Philips v. Quectel, CalAmp, Xirgo, Laird, Thales, Gemalto, Cinterion, and 
Telit, Philips alleges violations of section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act based upon our importation into the United States, 
the sale for importation, and the sale within the United States after importation of certain UMTS (Universal Mobile 
Telecommunications  System)  and  LTE  (Long  Term  Evolution)  cellular  communication  modules  and  products 
containing the same by reason of our location monitoring units that allegedly infringe on certain claims of the Patents.

On April 1, 2022, the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) at the ITC issued a Final Initial Determination on the 
question of violation of section 337 (19 U.S.C. § 1337). The ALJ determined that a violation of section 337 has not 
occurred with respect to any of the Patents. On July 6, 2022, the ITC affirmed the Final Initial Determination of no 
violation of Section 337 and terminated the investigation and the deadline for any appeal has passed.

83

While the district court case against Thales was recently reopened to set a status conference, the district court 
cases against Quectel and Telit are currently stayed. Considering the ITC’s determination of no infringement of any 
of the Patents we believe that we have strong defenses in the Delaware district court cases. Also, we believe we have 
strong indemnification claims against our communication module suppliers, and are entitled to have our defense costs 
and any losses resulting from these proceedings paid by those suppliers, who are co-defendants in these proceedings, 
should the stays be removed in the three district court cases. Currently, it is not feasible to predict with certainty the 
outcome of the three district court cases, and no specific amount of damages has been identified. Additionally, we 
believe the ultimate resolution of the proceedings, including indemnification and defense by our module suppliers, 
will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  matters,  from  time  to  time  as  a  normal  consequence  of  doing  business,  various 
claims  and  litigation  may  be  asserted  or  commenced  against  us.  In  particular,  we  may  receive  claims  concerning 
contract performance or claims that our products or services infringe the intellectual property of third parties which 
are in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any such claims or litigation cannot be predicted with 
certainty,  management  does  not  believe  that  the  outcome  of  such  matters  existing  at  the  present  time  will  have  a 
material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

NOTE 19 – SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA

We operate under two reportable segments: Software & Subscription Services and Telematics Products. Our 
organizational  structure  is  based  on  a  number  of  factors  that  our  CEO,  the  Chief  Operating  Decision  Maker 
(“CODM”), uses to evaluate and operate the business, which include customer base, homogeneity of products, and 
technology for the fiscal years presented. 

Our  Software  &  Subscription  Services  segment  offers  cloud-based,  application  enablement  and  telematics 
service platforms that facilitate integration of our own applications, as well as those of third parties, through open 
Applications Programming Interfaces (“APIs”) to deliver full-featured IoT solutions to a wide range of customers and 
markets. Our scalable proprietary SaaS offerings enable rapid and cost-effective deployment of high-value solutions 
for customers all around the globe. Software & Subscription Services segment revenues includes SaaS, professional 
services,  devices  sold  with  monitoring  services  and  amortization  of  revenues  and  costs  for  customized  devices 
functional only with application subscriptions that are not sold separately.

Our Telematics Products segment offers a portfolio of wireless data communications products, which includes 
asset  tracking  units,  mobile  telematics  devices,  fixed  and  mobile  wireless  gateways  and  routers.  These  wireless 
networking devices underpin a wide range of our own and third party software and service solutions worldwide and 
are  critical  for  applications  demanding  secure,  reliable  and  business-critical  communications.  Telematics  Products 
segment revenues consist primarily of distinct product sales. 

Information by business segment is as follows (in thousands):

Year ended February 28, 2023

Operating Segments

Software & 
Subscription
Services

Telematics
Products

Corporate
Expenses

Revenues
Gross profit
Gross margin
Adjusted EBITDA $

$
$

184,728
79,478

43.0%

25,374

$
$

$

110,221
29,533

26.8%
(4,275) $

Total

$
$

294,949
109,011

37.0%

(3,025) $

18,074

Year ended February 28, 2022

Operating Segments

Software & 
Subscription
Services

Telematics
Products

Corporate
Expenses

Revenues
Gross profit
Gross margin
Adjusted EBITDA $

$
$

154,315
76,945

49.9%

32,979

$
$

$

141,524
44,941

31.8%
(3,990) $

84

Total

$
$

295,839
121,886

41.2%

(4,309) $

24,680

Year ended February 28, 2021

Operating Segments

Software & 
Subscription
Services

Telematics
Products

Corporate
Expenses

Revenues
Gross profit
Gross margin
Adjusted EBITDA

$
$

$

129,933 $
65,411 $
50.3%
32,226 $

178,654
56,994

31.9%
4,854 $

Total
308,587
122,405

$
$

39.7%

(4,974)$

32,106

The amount shown for each period in the “Corporate Expenses” column above consists of expenses that are not 
allocated  to  the  business  segments.  These  unallocated  corporate  expenses  include  salaries  and  benefits  of  certain 
corporate  staff  and  expenses  such  as  audit  fees,  investor  relations,  stock  listing  fees,  director  and  officer  liability 
insurance, and director fees and expenses. 

Our CODM evaluates each segment based primarily on revenue and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, 
Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), and we therefore consider Adjusted EBITDA to be a primary 
measure  of  operating  performance  of  our  operating  segments.  We  define  Adjusted  EBITDA  as  earnings  before 
investment income, interest expense, taxes, depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, impairment loss 
and other adjustments as identified below. The adjustments to our financial results prepared in accordance with U.S. 
generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to calculate Adjusted EBITDA are itemized below (in thousands):

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2023

2021

Net loss from continuing operations

Investment income
Interest expense
Income tax provision
Depreciation and amortization
Stock-based compensation
Non-recurring legal expenses, net of reversal of litigation 
provision
Restructuring
Impairment losses
Costs incurred in transition of LoJack North America business to 
acquiror
Other

Adjusted EBITDA

$

$

(32,490) $
(989)
6,260
1,151
21,758
10,211

(31,148) $
(1,175)
15,323
1,087
22,804
11,321

5,158
4,586
-

2,518
600
-

1,347
1,082
18,074

$

2,103
1,247
24,680

$

(21,157)
(2,119)
15,487
561
22,002
10,357

2,262
2,534
825

-
1,354
32,106

Our CODM does not obtain identifiable assets by segment because our businesses share resources, functions 

and facilities. We do not have significant long-lived assets outside the United States.

Revenues by geographic area are as follows (in thousands): 

United States
EMEA
LATAM
APAC
All other

Year Ended February 28,
2022

2021

2023

$

$

185,468 $
54,695
32,010
18,450
4,326
294,949 $

197,178 $
51,771
24,760
19,028
3,102
295,839 $

200,665
58,470
27,110
16,820
5,522
308,587

Revenues by geographic area are based upon the country of billing. The geographic location of distributors and 
OEM customers may be different from the geographic location of the ultimate end users of the products and services 
provided  by  us.  No  single  non-U.S.  country  accounted  for  more  than  10%  of  our  revenue  in  fiscal  years  ended 
February 28, 2023, 2022 and 2021. 

85

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our  principal  executive  officer  and  principal  financial  officer  have  concluded,  based  on  their  evaluation  of 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(e)  and  15d-15(e)  of  the  Exchange  Act)  as  of 
February 28,  2023,  that  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  are  effective,  at  the  reasonable  assurance  level,  to 
ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is 
accumulated  and  communicated  to  management,  including  the  principal  executive  officer  and  principal  financial 
officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to allow such information to be 
recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities 
Exchange Commission.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial 

reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Our  management  has  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of 
February 28, 2023. In making this assessment, management used criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our 
assessment, we have concluded that as of February 28, 2023 our internal control over financial reporting is effective 
based on those criteria.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023 has been audited by 
Deloitte & Touche, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included 
below.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d 
15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2023 that have materially affected, or 
are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

86

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of CalAmp Corp.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of CalAmp Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as 
of February 28, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by 
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company 
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023, based 
on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023, of the 
Company and our report dated April 27, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and 
for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm 
registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the 
U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and 
the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting 
was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over 
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating 
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered 
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting 
includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, 
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable 
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made 
only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s 
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Costa Mesa, California
April 27, 2023 

87

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

88

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with 

the SEC and is incorporated herein by reference. 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with 

the SEC and is incorporated herein by this reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with 

the SEC and is incorporated herein by this reference.

ITEM  13.  CERTAIN  RELATIONSHIPS  AND  RELATED  TRANSACTIONS,  AND  DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with 

the SEC and is incorporated herein by this reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item will be included in our 2023 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with 

the SEC and is incorporated herein by this reference.

89

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

(a)

1.

The following documents are filed as part of this Report:

The following consolidated financial statements of CalAmp Corp. and subsidiaries are filed as part of this 
report under Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) ......................................
Consolidated Balance Sheets  ........................................................................................................................
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss  ........................................................................................
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity  ........................................................................................
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows .......................................................................................................
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements..................................................................................................

Form 10-K
Page No.

47
50
51
52
53
54

2.

Financial Statements Schedules:

Schedule  II  –  Valuation  and  Qualifying  Accounts  information  is  included  in  Note  18  to  the  consolidated 
financial statements which are filed as part of this report under Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

All other financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of 
the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  are  not  required  under  the  related  instructions  or  are  inapplicable  and, 
therefore, have been omitted.

3.

Exhibits

Exhibits required to be filed as part of this report are:

Exhibit
Number Description

 2.1

 3.1

 3.2

 4.1

 4.2

 4.3

10.

10.1

Agreement  and  Plan  of  Merger,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2016,  by  and  among  LoJack  Corporation,  the 
Company, and Lexus Acquisition Sub, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 on Form 8-K dated 
February 2, 2016).

Amended  and  Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  3.1  of  the 
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended August 31, 2014).

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 20, 2023)

Indenture, dated July 20, 2018 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, 
N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company's Report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 
2018).

Form of 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due August 1, 2025 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit A to 
Exhibit 4.1 of the Company's Report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of The Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended February 29, 2020).

Material Contracts:
(i) Other than Compensatory Plans or Arrangements:

Form of Directors and Officers Indemnity Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2018).

90

Exhibit
Number Description

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2018, among the Company, the lenders from time to time party 
thereto, and JPMorgan, N.A. as Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current 
Report on Form 8-K dated April 5, 2018).

First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 16, 2018, among the Company, the lenders from 
time to time party thereto, and JPMorgan, N.A. as Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of 
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022)

Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2020, among the Company, the lenders 
from time to time party thereto, and JPMorgan, N.A. as Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 
of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 27, 2020).

Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2022, among the Company, the lenders 
from time to time party thereto, and JPMorgan N.A. as Agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 
of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended February 28, 2022)

Confirmation of Base Call Option Transaction, dated July 17, 2018, between the Company and Nomura 
Global Financial Products Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation of Base Call Option Transaction, dated July 17, 2018, between the Company and Jefferies 
International Limited. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Current Report on Form 
8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation of Base Call Option Transaction, dated July 17, 2018, between the Company. and Deutsche 
Bank AG, London Branch. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation of Base Call Option Transaction, dated July 17, 2018, between the Company. and Goldman 
Sachs & Co, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company's Current Report on Form 
8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation  of  Additional  Call  Option  Transaction,  dated  July  17,  2018,  between  the  Company.  and 
Nomura  Global  Financial  Products,  Inc.  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.5  of  the  Company's 
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation  of  Additional  Call  Option  Transaction,  dated  July  17,  2018,  between  the  Company.  and 
Jefferies International Limited. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company's Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation  of  Additional  Call  Option  Transaction,  dated  July  17,  2018,  between  the  Company.  and 
Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company's Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Confirmation  of  Additional  Call  Option  Transaction,  dated  July  17,  2018,  between  the  Company.  and 
Goldman Sachs & Co, LLC. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company's Current Report 
on Form 8-K filed on July 20, 2018).

Revolving  Credit  and  Security  Agreement  dated  as  of  July  13,  2022,  among  the  Company,  CalAmp 
Wireless Networks Corporation, Synovia Solutions, LLC, and PNC Bank (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 15, 2022)

(ii) Compensatory Plans or Arrangements required to be filed as Exhibits to this Report pursuant to Item 
15 (b) of this Report:

Offer Letter, executed on August 21, 2020, by and between the Company and Kirsten Wolberg 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 
26,2020).

91

Exhibit
Number Description

10.16

CalAmp Corp. Amended and Restated 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended May 31, 2020).

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

CalAmp Corp. Amended and Restated 2004 Incentive Stock Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A 
of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed June 21, 2021).

Employment Agreement between the Company and Kurtis Binder, dated December 17, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 
period ended November 30, 2021).

Employment Agreement between the Company and Anand Rau, dated December 16, 2021 (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended 
November 30, 2021).

Employment Agreement between the Company and Jeffery Gardner, dated December 18, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 
period ended November 30, 2021).

10.21

Offer Letter, dated April 2, 2021, by and between the Company and Henry Maier (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 7, 2021).

Employment Agreement between the Company and Jeffrey Clark, dated November 1, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
period ended February 28, 2022)

Employment Agreement between the Company and Monica Van Berkel, dated November 1, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
period ended February 28, 2022)

Employment Agreement between the Company and Nathan Lowstuter, dated November 1, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
period ended February 28, 2022)

Employment Agreement between the Company and Richard Scott, dated November 1, 2021 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
period ended February 28, 2022)

Employment Agreement between the Company and Brennan Carson dated June 16, 2022 (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended May 
31, 2022)

Letter Agreement between the Company and Kurtis Binder, dated August 17, 2022 (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 23, 2022) 

10.22

10.23

10.24

10.25

10.26

10.27

10.28

Employment Agreement between the Company and Jikun Kim dated January 9, 2023

21

23.1

31.1

31.2

32

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

92

101

Interactive  Data  Files  Pursuant  to  Rule  405  of  Regulation  S-T:  (i)  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets  as  of
February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2021, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the 
years ended February 28, 2023, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, (iii) Consolidated Statement of
Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended February 28, 2023, February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, 
(iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended February 28, 2023, February 28, 2021 and 
February 29, 2020, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

93

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has 

duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on April 27, 2023.

SIGNATURES

CALAMP CORP.

By: /s/ Jeffery Gardner

Jeffery Gardner President and Chief Executive 
Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

/s/ Henry Maier

Chair of the Board of Directors

Henry Maier

/s/ Scott Arnold

  Director

Scott Arnold

/s/ Jason Cohenour
Jason Cohenour

/s/ Wesley Cummins
Wesley Cummins

/s/ Roxanne Oulman
Roxanne Oulman

  Director

Director

Director

/s/ Jorge Titinger

Director

Jorge Titinger

/s/ Kirsten Wolberg
Kirsten Wolberg

Director

/s/ Jeffery Gardner
Jeffery Gardner

President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director (principal executive officer)

/s/ Jikun Kim

Jikun Kim

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer 
(principal accounting and financial officer)

Date

April 27, 2023

April 27, 2023

April 27, 2023

April 27, 2023 

April 27, 2023

April 27, 2023 

April 27, 2023

April 27, 2023 

April 27, 2023 

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Corporate Information

Board of Directors

Henry J. Maier

Chairman of the Board, CalAmp

Scott Arnold

President and CEO, AuditBoard

Jason Cohenour

Director Of CalAmp

Wes Cummins

President of B. Riley Asset Management

Jeff Gardner

President and Chief Executive Officer, and Director Of CalAmp Corp.

Roxanne Oulman

Former CFO Of Medalia, Inc

Jorge Titinger

CEO, Titinger Consulting and former President,  
CEO and Director, Silicon Graphics International Corporation

Kirsten Wolberg

Former Chief Technology & Operations Officer of DocuSign

Investor Information

CalAmp  (Nasdaq:  CAMP)  is  a  connected  intelligence  company 
that leverages a data-driven solutions ecosystem to help people 
and  organizations  improve  operational  performance.  We  solve 
complex problems in transportation and logistics, commercial and 
government  fleet,  industrial  equipment  and  consumer  vehicle 
marketplaces  by  providing  solutions  that  track,  monitor  and 
recover vital assets. The insights enabled by our cloud platform, 
applications  and  edge  computing  devices  drive  operational 
visibility,  safety,  efficiency,  maintenance  and  sustainability. 
Headquartered  in  Irvine,  California,  CalAmp  has  over  one  million 
software  and  services  subscribers  and  10  million  edge  devices 
deployed  worldwide.  For  more  information,  visit  calamp.com,  or 
LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or CalAmp Blog.

Primary IR Contact

Logan Lucas & Jikun Kim
ir@calamp.com

Leadership

Jeff Gardner*

President and Chief Executive Officer

Jikun Kim*

Chief Financial Officer

Brennen Carson*

Chief Revenue Officer

Jeff Clark*

Chief Product Officer

Maurizio Iperti

President, EMEA

Mark Gaydos

Chief Marketing Officer

Nathan Lowstuter*

Chief Supply Chain Officer

Richard Scott*

Chief Legal Officer

Monica Van Berkel*
Chief People Officer

Auditors

Deloitte & Touche LLP

Legal Counsel

Latham & Watkins LLP

Transfer Agent and Registrar

American Stock Transfer & Trust Co.

*Executive Officer

15635 Alton Parkway, Ste 250, Irvine, CA 92618
Tel: 888.3CALAMP   •   calamp.com

© 2023 CalAmp. All specifications are typical and subject to change without notice.
Rev. 02-06052023