Canadian Western Bank
Annual Report 2020

Plain-text annual report

Five Year Financial Summary (1) ($ thousands, except per share amounts) Results from Operations Net interest income Non-interest income Total revenue Pre-tax, pre-provision income Common shareholders’ net income Earnings per share Basic Diluted Adjusted Return on common shareholders’ equity Adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity Return on assets Efficiency ratio Net interest margin Number of full-time equivalent staff Per Common Share 2020(2) 2019 2018 2017 2016 $ 799,411 $ 785,584 $ 724,990 $ 642,390 $ 585,224 97,984 897,395 469,318 248,956 76,020 861,604 461,130 266,940 78,368 803,358 436,188 249,256 84,245 726,635 388,729 214,277 72,672 657,896 350,603 177,761 2.86 2.86 2.93 9.3 % 9.5 0.76 47.7 2.45 2,505 3.05 3.04 3.15 10.9% 11.3 0.88 46.5 2.60 2,278 2.81 2.79 3.01 11.0% 11.9 0.89 45.7 2.60 2,178 2.43 2.42 2.63 10.1% 11.0 0.85 46.5 2.56 2,058 2.13 2.13 2.26 9.3% 9.9 0.73 46.7 2.41 1,966 Average common shares outstanding (thousands) 87,159 87,513 88,806 88,297 83,411 Cash dividends paid Book value Market price High Low Close $ 1.15 $ 1.08 $ 1.00 $ 0.93 $ 0.92 31.76 36.61 15.70 24.50 29.29 26.09 24.82 23.58 33.89 24.33 33.35 40.83 29.81 30.62 37.36 23.68 36.34 29.30 19.26 25.45 Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Summary Assets $ 33,937,865 $ 31,424,235 $ 29,021,463 $ 26,447,453 $ 25,222,549 Cash resources, securities and repurchase agreements Loans Deposits Debt Shareholders’ equity Wealth management AUM/AUA(3) Assets under administration - other(4) Capital Adequacy Common equity Tier 1 ratio Tier 1 ratio Total ratio Credit Metrics Provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average loans Net impaired loans as a percentage of total loans 3,083,021 30,008,393 27,310,354 2,424,323 3,331,538 8,454,513 11,081,581 2,475,415 2,237,973 2,708,783 2,791,968 28,365,893 26,204,599 23,229,239 21,961,348 25,351,361 23,699,957 21,902,982 21,194,553 2,412,293 2,945,810 2,461,469 8,936,845 2,007,854 2,585,752 2,437,238 8,032,280 1,476,336 2,461,045 2,516,485 1,268,198 2,342,040 2,363,256 10,006,388 10,250,323 8.8 % 10.9 12.6 0.32 0.18 0.74 9.1% 10.7 12.8 0.21 0.21 0.43 9.2% 10.3 11.9 0.20 0.19 0.42 9.5% 10.8 12.5 0.23 0.19 0.65 9.2% 11.0 13.1 0.38 0.32 0.51 (1) See page 20 for a discussion of non-IFRS measures. (2) Results for periods beginning on or after November 1, 2018 have been prepared in accordance with IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9). Prior year comparatives have been prepared in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Classi ication and Measurement (IAS 39) and have not been restated. (3) Wealth management assets under management, advisement and administration. (4) Comprised of trust assets under administration, third-party leases under administration and loans under service agreements. i | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Performance Dashboard (1) 2020 (% CHANGE FROM 2019) TOTAL ASSETS $ 33.9 B 8% TOTAL LOANS $ 30.0 B 6% BRANCH RAISED DEPOSITS $ 16.6 B 20% WEALTH MANAGEMENT AUM/AUA $ 8.5 B 243% CET1 CAPITAL RATIO 8.8 % DIVERSIFYING LOANS BY PROVINCE (%) DIVERSIFYING LOANS BY LENDING SECTOR (%) FUNDING DIVERSIFICATION (%) 13 23 32 32 10 9 48 33 1 11 17 19 20 32 2 15 16 24 17 26 7 13 24 56 3 4 35 58 2020 2010 2020 2010 2020 2010 British Columbia General commercial loans Branch-raised deposits Alberta Ontario Remainder Personal loans and mortgages Broker term deposits Commercial mortgages Sub debt and capital markets Equipment financing and leasing Securitization Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans STRONG CREDIT QUALITY 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 Our five-year and ten-year average write-offs as a percentage of average loans are 23 and 19 basis points, respectively 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Gross impaired loans as a % of gross loans Write-offs as a % of average loans CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | ii WHY INVEST IN CWB? We are the only full-service bank in Canada with a focus to meet the unique financial needs of business owners We are growing our brand and market share in Ontario We are a secured lender and disciplined underwriter, proven by a history of low write-offs through economic cycles Our capital levels are strong and stable, with upside expected with a successful AIRB transition Our enhanced digital client experience will support growth REVENUE $ MILLIONS ADJUSTED EPS $/SHARE DIVIDENDS $/SHARE 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 16 17 18 19 20 16 17 18 19 20 16 17 18 19 20 BOOK VALUE GROWTH AND VALUATION $ 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 05 06 07 09 Book value per share — Share price 08 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 Includes certain non-IFRS measures – refer to definitions and detail provided on page 20. iii | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Enhanced Capabilities Provide Strong Platform for Growth At CWB Financial Group we take a relationship-based approach to meet and work to find the right financial solutions. Our core strength in full- the unique financial needs of small and medium-sized businesses and their service business and personal banking is complemented by targeted owners. We set ourselves apart through proactive client experiences: our capabilities in deeply knowledgeable and highly-responsive business lines people know our clients and their industries, we ask the right questions, offering specialized financing, wealth management and trust services. t i v e b a n k i n g through personalized d e x p a n d ing digital channels n a P r o c a FULL-SERVICE BUSINESS BANKING We offer our business owner clients access to a full suite of financing and cash management solutions through in-person and digital channels. Business owners can streamline their financial management to focus on what matters most: growing their business. Our continuing investment in digital capabilities will enhance their experience even further. BUSIN BA N KIN G E S S L-SER V I C L U F E C LIENT E X P E R I E N C E OUR CLIENT P E B R A S N O K I N N A G L SPECIAL I Z E D FINANC I N G FULL-SERVICE PERSONAL BANKING SPECIALIZED FINANCING We offer our personal clients, who are often our business owner clients and their families, access to a full complement of banking services through in-person and digital channels. We just launched digital client onboarding for our personal clients. We offer our clients access to a differentiated, proactive client experience through highly personalized service, specialized expertise within specific industries, customized solutions and faster response times. T N E H M T E L G A A E N W A M S E T S VIC U R T R SE WEALTH MANAGEMENT We offer our clients access to comprehensive wealth management approaches for their personal and business wealth. Discretionary wealth management, comprehensive financial planning and investment solutions are available through our boutique approach delivered within CWB Wealth Management and CWB branches. TRUST SERVICES We offer a wide variety of comprehensive trustee and custodial solutions for individuals and businesses. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 1 Our Vision To be the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada Our Values PEOPLE FIRST Caring people are the key to our success. We work as a team and support one another. We always treat each other with respect and have the courage to be candid. RELATIONSHIPS GET RESULTS EMBRACE THE NEW Clients choose CWB for the best experience. We build relationships proactively, with intention and consistency. Our results depend on it. Change is everywhere. We seek out new ideas and are committed to continuous learning. We know that better is always possible. THE HOW MATTERS INCLUSION HAS POWER How we do things is as important as what we do. We take ownership, and move with urgency and efficiency. We always act with integrity, and balance risk and reward. Diverse teams unleash new ideas and perspectives. We are aware of our own biases. We are proud of who we are, and we are allies for those around us. About Us CWB Financial Group (TSX: CWB) is the only full-service bank in Canada with a strategic focus to meet the unique financial needs of business owners. We provide full-service business and personal banking, nation-wide specialized financing in targeted industries, comprehensive wealth management offerings, and trust services. Our teams deliver a uniquely proactive client experience through highly personalized service, specialized expertise, customized solutions and faster response times. We are thoughtful about everything we do and believe our success depends on the responsible creation of value for those who choose CWB: our clients, our people, and our investors. TABLE OF CONTENTS i ii 4 16 18 67 Five Year Financial Summary Performance Dashboard Message From President & CEO Message From Chair of the Board Management’s Discussion and Analysis Consolidated Financial Statements 114 Shareholder Information 2 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report We are expanding to meet the needs of business owners with our first full-service banking centre in Ontario. Mark Stafford, Vice President and District Manager; Fatima Paulo, Manager Sales and Service; and Aneil D’Lima, AVP, Commercial Accounts, along with the CWB team bring premium service, advice and partnership to Mississauga. Our Strategy Creating value for the people who choose CWB every day OUR CLIENTS Unrivaled customer experience OUR PEOPLE Destination for top talent OUR INVESTORS Optimize our business BUILD ON OUR STRENGTHS Personalized service, specialized industry expertise, customized solutions, faster response times TRANSFORMING OUR BUSINESS Transformation Priorities Growth Accelerators • • • • Targeted digital capabilities Client-focused operating model Fast, smooth, scalable processes Transition to AIRB methodology for capital and risk management • • Brand: bolder and more visible to cut through the noise Culture: proactive, client-focused, and change-ready to align with our strategy TO CREATE UNIQUE VALUE A proactive client experience through in-person and digital channels AND DELIVER BREAKOUT GROWTH A disruptive force in Canadian financial services, and a clear full-service alternative for Canadian business owners CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 3 MESSAGE FROM PRESIDENT AND CEO Chris Fowler 4 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report OPENED DOORS TO OPPORTUNIT Y It would be an understatement to characterize fiscal 2020 as challenging. This year tested our collective strength and resilience. I’m so proud of the way our teams rose to face the challenges from the pandemic through our #CWBhasyourback program where we quickly adapted to support our clients and each other at every step. We strengthened existing client relationships through the turmoil, and found opportunities to start new relationships with clients who wanted to feel this same experience. Thanks to the tremendous effort of our teams we were able achieve all of this, continue to advance our strategic priorities, and deliver solid financial results against an unprecedented economic backdrop. We know that the current economic volatility will pass, and with that will come many doors opened to new and exciting opportunities. Our strategic execution over the past several years has positioned CWB to be stronger and more resilient than ever. We will continue to aspire to be the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada and capitalize on the tremendous opportunity in front of us. DESTINATION FOR TOP TALENT ease and assisted them to adapt their banking to complete more of their operations remotely. As new government programs were offered we made it quick and easy for our clients to access them, and as economies reopened, we worked to help our clients resume normal payments. I continue to be encouraged by the resilience and ingenuity of our entrepreneurial clients. We are here to support them, and together we will get through this. The current environment has accelerated changes in how clients want to interact with their financial institutions. Our clients value our proactive, personalized service, and specialized expertise, and they increasingly want their access to be fully digital. We have begun to replace our online and mobile platforms with a seamless end-to-end digital banking experience for business and personal clients, and already delivered several key milestones. Our progress will continue, and our investments will significantly enhance our digital capabilities and compliment our high-touch, personalized service. We are excited by the opportunities our June acquisition of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer provides to CWB and our clients. This acquisition is a transformative step forward for CWB to become a leader in the Canadian private wealth industry, with focused capabilities in complex financial planning and investment management. We are integrating these capabilities into our full-service banking offering, to create a unique and differentiated This year, CWB was recognized as one of the 50 Best Workplaces in Canada™ wealth management experience. and one of the Best Workplaces™ in Financial Services and Insurance. These achievements are rewarding as they are based on confidential feedback directly from our people, who have worked so hard to proactively support each other and thousands of clients navigate this ongoing period of uncertainty. There is no question our people are a core competitive strength and it is critical that CWB remain a destination for top talent. We believe the best approach is to live our values – these are more than ‘words on the wall’ to us. With our People First core value firmly in mind, our top priority through the pandemic has been to protect the physical and psychological health and safety of our people and our clients. We took significant steps to ensure our people have the flexibility, resources and support they need. We increased our mental health and wellness support, through investments in our health benefits, time off provisions and employee tools and resources. At CWB, we believe in our core value that Inclusion Has Power. This value confirms we reach our true potential by attracting top talent of all backgrounds through welcoming new ideas and perspectives. Events across North America this summer highlighted the challenges people continue to face in our communities due to systemic racism. In response to these events we acknowledged our gaps and our own commitments. We reflected on how we can positively contribute to change, and chose to tackle the work we need to do with intention. I personally signed the BlackNorth CEO Pledge and we committed to have Black, Indigenous and racialized people comprise at least 5% of our Executive Committee by 2025, and we now aim to have women comprise at least 30% of the Executive Committee. These composition targets will make us even stronger and more prepared for the opportunities and challenges of tomorrow. UNRIVALED CLIENT EXPERIENCE Our commitment to our clients did not waiver and our actions cemented strong relationships for years to come. At the outset of the pandemic, we launched our #CWBhasyourback campaign, to deliver proactive and individualized advice and support to our clients. From the start, we efficiently processed payment deferral requests to put our clients’ minds more at PREPARED WHEN OPPORTUNIT Y KNOCKS We have been through economic cycles before and know that opportunity knocks as we emerge from recession. We know how to be ready to capitalize on those opportunities. Our foundation encompasses our teams, our clients, and advances to our strategic priorities. In 2021, we will further optimize our business to ensure we are positioned to deliver on our future opportunities to provide an unrivaled experience to our clients. We opened our first full-service banking centre in the Greater Toronto Area and we could not be happier with the positive response we have received from business owners in that market. Our new clients in Mississauga say it feels very different dealing with CWB and they value our specialized expertise and our proactive, personal service. Ontario business owners are ready for a clear alternative to the big banks, and we are ready to be that choice. Adding even more fuel to our growth engine is our expected transition to the AIRB methodology for regulatory capital and risk management. Approval of our transition to the AIRB approach will result in improved risk- sensitive capital ratios that better reflect the strength of our balance sheet. While we are actively using the majority of our AIRB tools to manage credit risk, including comprehensive stress testing, internal capital adequacy assessment, and expected credit loss, we will take the next step towards approval with a full parallel run of our AIRB models and tools in 2021. Combined with the launch of our digital capabilities, AIRB will make us more competitive, support higher growth and achieve further diversification with an enhanced view of risk. Achievement of this next step will be a foundational capability for us and will enable us to realize our full potential across Canada. I want to thank our people, clients and investors as we aspire to become the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada. Thank you for your continued confidence in us, to proactively weather this storm and be ready to fully capitalize on the opportunities ahead. I have no doubt our strategic priorities and demonstrated execution position us to deliver profitable long- term growth and enhance shareholder returns for years to come. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 5 Expanding Full-Service Client Experiences with Digital We have a long history of building outstanding client relationships and are In 2020, we successfully delivered digital onboarding for Motive, our making it faster and seamless for Canadians to experience CWB through all digital-only channel, followed by CWB personal accounts for branch based our channels. We are accelerating our digital transformation and enhancing customers. In 2021, we will deliver digital client onboarding for our Small capabilities to meet the evolving needs of our clients. The steps we are Business and mid-market commercial clients. We believe the combination taking position us to grow full-service relationships in our target markets of a new digital front-end with advanced analytics and explainable artificial and expand our market share. We began this transformation with the intelligence (AI) will be a key enabler for CWB to be a leader for Business successful replacement of our core banking system, and it continues with Banking in Canada with a seamless and differentiated experience for our the expansion of our digital services through our strategic partnership with Small Business, mid-market Commercial and personal clients. Access to Temenos. Our partnership scales our ability to deliver leading edge digital more channels will continue to diversify our business by attracting new technology to our clients without the large in-house technology investments clients across Canada, while further broadening our access to lower of our larger competitors. cost funding. DIGITAL CLIENT ONBOARDING DIGITAL BANKING The Digital Client Onboarding (DCO) solution allows prospective clients to The new Digital Banking (DB) platform replaces our existing solution, apply for and fund accounts online. Back-end integration automatically allowing clients to access banking products and services through online and creates the new account in our banking system. mobile, with back-end integration and single sign-on. Team members can also access the platform to support clients in branch. DCO Personal in branch DCO Small Business DCO Small Business Lending 2020 DCO Motive DCO Personal 2021 DB Personal DB Commercial (Initiating) DB Small Business CYBER SECURITY Protecting our clients’ privacy and upholding their trust is critical for us to continue to grow long-term, full-service relationships. We were ready for the increased COVID-19 related-threats that targeted human vulnerability and throughout the year members of our information security office identified, detected and responded to emerging issues. The ongoing maturation of our cyber security controls ensured we could move quickly to enable up to 100% of our people to work from home in a safe environment during COVID-19. To keep pace with the evolving landscape, we benchmark and enhance the effectiveness of our industry-proven cyber security risk and control frameworks to stay ahead of new threats. The safety of our business and personal clients using all of our channels, including our growing digital services, is paramount. 6 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report “The energy of #CWBhasyourback reinforced my efforts to help clients optimize their cash management processes at a crucial time. It inspired me to know that I am part of creating a positive impact for business owners in a new environment.” AARON DREVER, Senior Manager, Cash Management, CWB Stepping up for Clients Through COVID-19 We know that some of our strongest relationships were forged during his business in areas that increased exponentially and ramp our clients’ most challenging times. When other banks turned away up his ecommerce efforts. business owners or were difficult to deal with, we were there to help. That’s the history of how our bank started 36 years ago, and it’s what #CWBhasyourback is all about. Our proactive approach and desire to support our clients when they needed us the most resulted in us granting loan deferral arrangements At the onset of COVID-19, we were among the first in to proactively reach out to over 25% of loans under our to our clients to offer support for their unique situation. More than providing #CWBhasyourback program. loan payment deferrals, it meant extending timely operational advice to clients, who take guidance from experts like Aaron Drever, Senior Manager, Cash Management. With partners like Aaron, clients could quickly adapt their accounting processes to remote work arrangements by moving from manual cheque processing to Customer Automatic Funds Transfer (CAFT). For those determined to adapt to the shifting market, like Luke Shaheen, Managing Partner for APEX Active Entertainment Group, it meant facilitating quick access to federal relief programs like the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA). “We were in constant contact with our relationship manager at CWB as soon as we heard about the CEBA program,” says Luke. “After we submitted our application, it was three to four business days before we started to see those funds come into our account, so we could cover our expenses.” With bolstered cash flow, Luke kept his focus to grow As the economy began to recover, we also worked collaboratively with our clients to resume normal payments. With proactive advice, timely service and a belief in the power of relationships, CWB really made a difference for people through the COVID-19 pandemic. LUKE SHAHEEN, Managing Partner, APEX Active Entertainment Group CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 7 Opening the Door to Opportunities There is no doubt that today, our work looks different as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Faced with big decisions about how best to protect our people and our clients, in the middle of March we found ourselves moving more than 85% of our workforce to home offices. Through it all, we put our people first. Over the coming weeks and months we supported our employees through significantly enhanced technology solutions, access to home office equipment, mental health programming, creative engagement opportunities, and flexible work arrangements, as they juggled the many challenges of doing their jobs virtually for the first time, in a Executive Committee CHRIS FOWLER President and Chief Executive Officer CAROLYN GRAHAM Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer STEPHEN MURPHY Executive Vice President, Banking “ While the COVID-19 pandemic was extremely disruptive to our Carolyn has been instrumental to Under Stephen’s leadership, we economy, our clients, and our people, the strategic execution build out our teams and capabilities have significantly improved our over the last several years allowed us to face this challenging to support our current and future product offering and tools, which period from a position of strength. When I, and nearly all of our team, made the transition to work remotely in March, we had all of the tools at our disposal to ensure that not only could we continue to support our clients through the challenges they faced, but that we could continue to execute our transformation. As you’ll see, our success has been a collective effort, with significant contributions from each member of the executive team. I am so proud to lead this team and of the tremendous efforts of all our people this year.” growth. Under her guidance, has driven full-service client growth we have diversified our funding and very strong branch raised channels and our balance sheet has deposit growth. He is instrumental remained strong through several in our initiative to deliver a seamless economic cycles. Through her digital banking experience to our leadership, we continue to enhance clients and in the enhancements of our corporate responsibility our differentiated private wealth reporting, and drive a strong and experience. Stephen also oversees inclusive culture. our growing equipment finance and wealth management businesses. 8 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report different place, using new and different tools. Many team members took this on while also caring for children and other loved ones. What we witnessed was an incredible show of resilience, commitment, compassion and effort on the part of our people, leaders and teams, who worked as they never had before to maintain an excellent client experience. Our people have shown us how to embrace the new, demonstrating new facets of our nimbleness and proactivity that will serve us well into the future. We moved more than 85% of our workforce to home offices. KELLY BLACKETT Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Communications GLEN EASTWOOD Executive Vice President, Business Transformation BOGIE OZDEMIR Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer DARRELL JONES Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer Kelly is responsible for human Glen is responsible for business As part of our AIRB transformation, Darrell leads transformational resources and internal transformation and organizational Bogie has built out an advanced risk enhancements to our technology, communications, with a focus change management – both management function that provides information services and corporate to drive a positive and inclusive critical components of our ongoing independent review and oversight of services. Our scalable technology culture, and an employee transformation. Under his oversight, enterprise-wide risk management, infrastructure enables us to efficiently experience that makes us a career we have made our operating including credit risk, market risk, develop seamless digital banking destination for top talent. Over model processes faster, smoother and operational risk. These tools experiences and artificial intelligence the past year, both Kelly and our and scalable which has enhanced and capabilities help us prudently tools for our clients. Under Darrell’s approach to workplace and culture our client experience. Glen also manage through this current period leadership, our cyber security risk were recognized with multiple oversees CWB Trust Services and of economic volatility. notable awards. CWB Optimum. management program stays ahead of emerging threats, and enables our team members to work remotely through our secure platforms with uninterrupted access. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 9 Corporate Responsibility Highlights We believe our success depends on the responsible creation of long- This year, we added formal oversight of environmental, social, and governance term value for all of our stakeholders. Our ability to do this is rooted (ESG) to our Board of Director’s mandate and assigned accountability in our complementary commitments to deliver an exceptional client for leadership of our ESG strategy and initiatives to our Chief Financial experience, cultivate an inclusive and engaged workplace culture, and Officer’s responsibilities. Our Executive Committee and Board participated contribute to a healthy society for future generations. Our response in workshops to explore our environmental priorities and potential impacts to the COVID-19 social and economic crises was guided by our values. on our business, and we will continue to actively consider our approach to We chose to be proactive in support of our clients and our teams, and sustainability. As we look ahead, we will continue to put the needs of our we also took a strong public stance and made a commitment to actively stakeholders at the centre of everything we do. We will continue to update support the fight against systemic racism. We are proud of these actions and enhance our ESG disclosures available on our website and invite you to and they reflect our belief that The How Matters (one of our core values) follow our progress at www.cwb.com/corporate-social-responsibility. in the way we operate our business. OUR CLIENTS Our commitment to our clients does not waiver and our actions in 2020 cemented strong relationships for years to come. OBSESSED WITH YOUR SUCCESS™ COVID-19 BUSINESS ADVICE #CWBhasyourback • Under our #CWBhasyourback program, we proactively delivered individualized advice and support, and provided payment deferrals on over 25% of our loan portfolio • We expanded our full service offering through our wealth management acquisition and the opening of our first full service banking centre in the Greater Toronto Area • We moved quickly to provide business client access to relief through • Together, our 2020 initiatives will support client growth, the proportion government lending initiatives • We accelerated our digital strategy to enhance our full-service client experience with delivery of digital onboarding for personal banking clients of clients we serve on a full-service basis and has already helped improve our Net Promoter Score 10 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report OUR PEOPLE We are recognized as one of 50 Best Workplaces™ in Canada and named to the list of Best Workplaces™ in Financial Services and Insurance. 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 A great place to work, even from home! • We took a people first approach to our COVID-19 response: - Quickly transitioned 85% of our people to work from home and instituted strong safety protocols at all locations - Put in place flexible work arrangements, provided home office equipment and supports, and granted 12 additional paid days off to support team members with child or elder care, self-isolation and quarantine requirements - Strong mental health and wellness support, with increased mental health benefits - CWB Financial Group closed all locations on July 17 for all-employee Day of Thanks • CWB named as one of Canada’s Most Admired Corporate Cultures™ • In addition to CWB Women and CWB Pride, we launched five new Employee Represented Groups to support employees and allies, focused on: Black employees, Indigenous employees, new Canadians, people with disabilities and chronic illness, and to shine a light on mental health and wellness at CWB • We published our Equity Narrative Report to be transparent about our progress toward equity • We continued to drive initiatives to advance inclusion, including commitments to the UN Women’s Empowerment Principles, and the BlackNorth Initiative pledge and anti-racism actions EMPLOYMENT CENTER • We invested more than 20,000 hours in employee training and development, with more than 3,300 hours focused on inclusion, diversity, and unconscious bias OUR COMMUNITY Over $1.5 million in charitable donations, benefitting over 150 organizations. SUPPORTED BY CANADIAN WESTERN BANK FOOD BANK IN URGENT NEED OF DONATIONS We have your back • Our community investment program contributes to economic • Our environmental stewardship is focused to reduce the footprint of prosperity with a focus on two areas of giving: Enabling Business and Promoting Inclusivity our operations, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, waste reduction and improved building sustainability • We support organizations that our people are passionate about through • We target a reduction in our total greenhouse gas emissions in the employee volunteerism, fundraising and our annual United Way Workplace Campaign • CWB donated more than $155,000 through employee grants and matching initiatives Alberta capital region by 15% by 2025 and 25% by 2035 - Overall, CWB’s fiscal 2019 emissions of 5,879 tCO2e (Scope 1, 2 & 3) in the Alberta capital region are flat to our baseline year (fiscal 2017) - We measure our natural gas heating, electricity purchased, paper consumption and staff commuting in the Alberta capital region to calculate our emissions CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 11 CWB Puts People First: My Story January 16, 2019 is a day I won’t soon forget. I underwent elective surgery This wasn’t an easy path, however. It took years of contemplation, research to amputate my left leg, below the knee. It seems incomprehensible to and persistence with my medical team. Eventually I convinced my surgeon most, but for me it was quite easy. At age four I was hit by a car while that amputation was a reasonable option for me under the circumstances. crossing the street, leaving me with a crush injury and a physical scar that It was time for my life experience to take on the challenge of amputation. altered every facet of my life. This came not with guarantees, but with belief and hope. The years that followed were filled with many surgeries, challenges and Then came time to tell CWB. This decision had impact beyond me, affecting disappointments, coping the best I could and conditioning myself to adapt my employer and my “tealmates.” I was anxious about sharing the news. and persevere. I was always in pursuit of appearing normal and finding joy. My leader had seen me for years without observing my struggle, as did In 2012, over 30 years later, I gave birth to my son. He gave me all the strength and clarity I needed to make a plan for the future, and by now my ankle was retiring into sedentary life. I had also grown tired of making the best of it and my ego was finally at ease with being different. So I made a conscious decision for amputation. It was my only chance at leading a fulfilling and active life and I was far too young, and otherwise healthy, to accept anything less. everyone else. But when faced with this news, she only asked: How can we help? And she meant it. A lesser employer would focus on the loss of productivity and cost, but with CWB, I was never made to feel like a burden. I left for surgery confident CWB’s team and benefits would be there for me, and I could focus my energy on healing and rehabilitation. All they needed from me was a little paperwork. 12 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report “We know that a diverse workforce needs the right supports to really feel inclusive. Nadine’s story is a powerful example of what living with a disability is like. Our employee represented group for team members with visible and invisible disabilities and chronic illness plays a central role in making sure our employees are seen, heard, and supported in their journeys inside and outside CWB. It also allows them a wonderful avenue to educate their peers and leaders about barriers that exist, and why inclusion matters.” – KELLY BLACKETT, Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Communications Nadine with her husband Terry, after surgery. NADINE COTTER, Senior Manager, Creative Services And so, after a quiet holiday with my family, and preparing ourselves for an outcome we couldn’t predict, the day came. I was eager for the next chapter to begin. The next many months were filled with physical and emotional pain, innumerable prosthetic fittings, a lot of rehab, and a ton of help. Just like family, CWB was with me every step of the way: emotionally, financially, and professionally. My team sent care packages, our benefits provider was exceptional, my leaders provided me parking and a flexible return to work. I couldn’t have asked for anything more. Nearly two years after surgery, I have surpassed all my expectations. I’m pain free and can walk until my heart’s content, doing things with my family that I was incapable of before. Some things are different, but I don’t for one second regret my decision. I have reached the richest phase of my life thus far. I feel incredibly grateful and fortunate to have arrived at this crossroad in my life with CWB having my back. “ I was anxious about sharing the news. My leader had seen me for years without observing my struggle, as did everyone else. But when faced with this news, she only asked: how can we help?” KATE LISTER, Sr. AVP, Communications, Culture & Talent Acquisition CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 13 “Windmill makes a difference at the individual, family, community and country level and I am proud of CWB’s support for such an organization.” VLAD AHMAD, Senior VP, Operations and Business Transformation, CWB Our Communities Enabling business and promoting inclusivity CWB continually works to make meaningful impacts in our communities. to skilled immigrants and refugees to continue their careers in We firmly believe in driving economic prosperity so all Canadians have the Canada so they can contribute to the growth of our country. opportunity to contribute to the success of our country. We recognize the importance of empowering those facing We do this by focusing on two areas within the community: Enabling Business and Promoting Inclusivity. Through our charitable partnerships, we annually give over $1.5 million dollars back through donations, sponsorships, employee grants and our community banking program. barriers and that valuing diverse ideas and perspectives leverages broader range of talent, supports better business decisions and success, and improves communities. Combined, our efforts this year benefited over 150 organizations, including: Through the CWB loan fund for • Partnered with DIVERSEcity Community Resources Society to launch a business incubator for women • Supported financial literacy through organizations such as Junior Achievement, Bissell Centre and Read Saskatoon • Supported anti-racism initiatives by partnering with several organizations across Canada offering skill development and education for Black youth Over the past year, we’ve all struggled through unknowns and disruption brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We are incredibly proud to support community organizations serving Canadians in need at various phases of medical professionals at Windmill, we’re proud to support skilled professionals like Frederick, a Registered Nurse from Ghana, who is working on his Canadian accreditation with the added challenge to support his wife and new child while working at night at a hospital janitorial job. their life. Organizations like Windmill Microlending, offering microloans FREDERICK TETTEH 14 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report  Note – This photo was taken before the pandemic and has been altered to reflect current board membership. Board of Directors Front row (left to right): Ian M. Reid, Corporate Director, Linda M.O. Hohol, Corporate Director, Margaret J. Mulligan, Corporate Director, Robert L. Phillips (Chair), President and CEO, R.l. Phillips Investments Inc., Sarah A. Morgan-Silvester, Corporate Director, Raymond J. Protti, Corporate Director, E. Gay Mitchell, Corporate Director Back row (left to right): Mary Filippelli, Corporate Director, Andrew J. Bibby, Corporate Director, H. Sanford Riley, President and CEO, Richardson Financial Group Limited, Chris H. Fowler, President and CEO, Canadian Western Bank, Robert A. Manning, President, Cathton Investments Ltd. Corporate Governance CWB Financial Group strives to earn and maintain the trust of our stakeholders through high standards of corporate governance. Our corporate governance practices, including our code of conduct, our director • Human Resources Committee: Compensation practices and programs, talent management, succession planning, employee engagement, and employment equity, inclusion and diversity. independence standards and our board and committee mandates, are • Risk Committee: Enterprise risk management and risk appetite frameworks, available on our website at cwb.com/corporate-governance. The Board of and technology risk including data privacy. Directors has oversight of CWB Financial Group’s ESG program, including cyber security. The Board carries out much of its work through the following four standing committees: CWB’s Management Proxy Circular will be available on our website in February 2021. It will include information on our director nominees, reports of each board committee, and detailed descriptions of our corporate governance practices. • Audit Committee: Quality and integrity of financial reporting, including Please review our circular to learn how shareholders can participate in our internal and external audit and internal controls. annual meeting on April 1, 2021. • Governance and Conduct Review Committee: Governance policies and practices, oversight of regulatory compliance risk, director succession and compensation, and Board and individual director effectiveness. We are committed to open communication with stakeholders – please contact us at: ChairoftheBoard@cwbank.com | CorporateSecretary@cwbank.com CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 15 MESSAGE FROM CHAIR OF THE BOARD Bob Phillips 16 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report At CWB we will remember 2020 as a year our teams came together to organization, will drive our long-term success. I’m thrilled that CWB support our clients and each other in an unprecedented environment. Our was recognized as one of Canada’s Most Admired Corporate Cultures™. people’s response to this situation has been truly outstanding and was This achievement grows our reputation as a people-first company and recognized by Global Finance Magazine for distinguished crisis leadership. destination for top talent. In the summer, we appointed Ms. Mary Filipelli Thanks to their diligent efforts we supported strong client relationships to your Board and she will stand for election at our next annual general and delivered solid results in a very challenging environment as we meeting. Her deep financial industry knowledge and extensive experience continued to make significant progress to become the best full-service is an excellent addition. bank for business owners in Canada. We stand against systemic racism and, along with the Executive Committee, We entered this period from a position of stability and confidence due we too have chosen to tackle the work we need to do with intention. In to the transformational changes we undertook over many years that addition to the new Executive Committee targets Chris discussed, I am proud strengthened and diversified our business. Our strong capital and funding to announce that we have set new Board composition targets that tie to base enabled us to support our clients, when they’ve needed us the most, our core value; Inclusion Has Power. We aim to have Black, Indigenous and “ At CWB we will remember 2020 as a year our teams came together to support our clients and each other in an unprecedented environment. Our people’s response to this situation has been truly outstanding.” and to continue to invest in our strategic priorities. Our robust enterprise racialized people comprise at least 5% of the Board by 2025 and have women risk management framework continues to serve us well and your Board comprise at least 40%. Currently 42% of our director nominees are women. continues to maintain a sharp focus on the oversight of key risks. Further, we collectively committed to provide oversight to all aspects of I am impressed with our continued progress to enhance our differentiated our corporate responsibility and have formally added environmental, client experience, especially our response to the accelerated changes social, and governance (ESG) oversight to our mandate. We remain in how clients interact with their financial institutions in the current committed to engage with our stakeholders, as we work to create long- environment. Our focused business transformation initiatives and term value for all those who choose CWB Financial Group. achievement of key milestones in our digital roadmap are on strategy, and the acquisition of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates significantly adds to our full-service client offering across Canada. In October, we announced that our timeline for approval of our formal AIRB application has been extended to include a parallel run of our AIRB tools and models through 2021. We continue to expect AIRB to create long-term meaningful value for shareholders. In closing, I would like to thank every CWB team member for their focus, flexibility and dedication to create value for our stakeholders in an unprecedented environment. I would also like to thank our executive team and my fellow directors for their unwavering commitment to our success. Together we are stronger and our combined efforts have made our future brighter. To my fellow shareholders, I am thankful for your confidence and commitment during our transformational journey. I am confident we are Our commitment to continuous improvement supported by our core positioned to deliver high quality growth and profitability, and we will values and a diverse team of qualified leaders, at every level of the achieve our full potential across Canada. Thank you from CWB Thank you to Mr. Alan Rowe who retired at our last annual shareholders’ meeting after 24 years of exemplary service as a CWB director. Mr. Rowe made many valuable contributions over his years, including as Chair of the Human Resources Committee. His thoughtful contributions will be missed. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 17 Management’s Discussion and Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward-Looking Statements ..............................................19 Payment Deferrals .......................................................................... 38 Non-IFRS Measures ............................................................20 Deposits and Funding ..................................................................... 38 Who We Are ......................................................................21 Growth Strategy and Vision ........................................................... 21 Fiscal 2020 Strategic Highlights .................................................... 22 Strategic Transaction ..................................................................... 22 Fiscal 2021 Strategic Priorities........................................................ 23 Impact of COVID-19 and Our Response .................................23 Supporting our People ................................................................... 23 Supporting our Clients ................................................................... 24 Other Assets and Other Liabilities ................................................. 40 Liquidity Management ................................................................... 40 Capital Management ...................................................................... 42 Financial Instruments and Other Instruments ................................ 45 Off-Balance Sheet .......................................................................... 46 Summary of Quarterly Results and Fourth Quarter .................46 Quarterly Results ............................................................................ 46 Fourth Quarter of 2020 .................................................................. 47 Risk Management ........................................................................... 24 Accounting Policies and Estimates .......................................47 CWB Financial Group Performance ......................................25 Overview ........................................................................................ 25 Select Financial Highlights ............................................................. 25 Net Interest Income ....................................................................... 29 Critical Accounting Estimates ........................................................ 47 Changes In Accounting Policies and Financial Statement Presentation ............................................................. 48 Future Changes In Accounting Policies .......................................... 49 Non-Interest Income ...................................................................... 30 Risk Management ...............................................................49 Non-Interest Expenses, Efficiency and Operating Leverage ......... 31 Risk Management Overview .......................................................... 50 Acquisition-Related Fair Value Changes ........................................ 32 Risk Universe - Report on Principal Risks ....................................... 55 Income Taxes .................................................................................. 32 Other Risk Factors .......................................................................... 65 Comprehensive Income ................................................................. 32 Cash and Securities ........................................................................ 33 Loans .............................................................................................. 34 Credit Quality ................................................................................. 36 Updated Share Information .................................................66 Related Party Transactions ..................................................66 Controls and Procedures .....................................................66 18 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), dated December 3, 2020, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Canadian Western Bank (CWB) for the year ended October 31, 2020 and the audited consolidated financial statements and MD&A for the year ended October 31, 2019. Additional information relating to CWB, including the Annual Information Form, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on our website at www.cwb.com. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and are presented in Canadian dollars. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS From time to time, we make written and verbal forward-looking statements. Statements of this type are included in our Annual Report and reports to shareholders and may be included in filings with Canadian securities regulators or in other communications such as press releases and corporate presentations. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our objectives and strategies, targeted and expected financial results and the outlook for CWB’s businesses or for the Canadian economy. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “may increase”, “may impact”, “goal”, “focus”, “potential”, “proposed” and other similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “should”, “would” and “could”. By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve numerous assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, which give rise to the possibility that our predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations and conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct and that our strategic goals will not be achieved. A variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, general business and economic conditions in Canada, including housing market conditions, the volatility and level of liquidity in financial markets, fluctuations in interest rates and currency values, the volatility and level of various commodity prices, changes in monetary policy, changes in economic and political conditions, material changes to trade agreements, transition to the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) approach for calculating regulatory capital, legislative and regulatory developments, legal developments, the level of competition, the occurrence of natural catastrophes, outbreaks of disease or illness that affect local, national or international economies, changes in accounting standards and policies, information technology and cyber risk, the accuracy and completeness of information we receive about customers and counterparties, the ability to attract and retain key personnel, the ability to complete and integrate acquisitions, reliance on third parties to provide components of business infrastructure, changes in tax laws, technological developments, unexpected changes in consumer spending and saving habits, timely development and introduction of new products, and our ability to anticipate and manage the risks associated with these factors. It is important to note that the preceding list is not exhaustive of possible factors. Additional information about these factors can be found in the Risk Management section of our MD&A. These and other factors should be considered carefully, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements as a number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained in this document represent our views as of the date hereof. Unless required by securities law, we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or verbal, that may be made from time to time by us or on our behalf. The forward-looking statements contained in this document are presented for the purpose of assisting readers in understanding our financial position and results of operations as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, as well as our strategic priorities and objectives, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Assumptions about the performance of the Canadian economy over the forecast horizon and how it will affect our business are material factors considered when setting organizational objectives and targets. In determining expectations for economic growth, we consider our own forecasts, economic data and forecasts provided by the Canadian government and its agencies, as well as certain private sector forecasts. These forecasts are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties that may be general or specific. The full extent of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, including government and regulatory responses to the outbreak, will have on the Canadian economy and our business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict at this time. Where relevant, material economic assumptions underlying forward-looking statements are disclosed within the Fiscal 2021 Outlook and Allowance for Credit Losses sections of our MD&A. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 19 NON-IFRS MEASURES We use a number of financial measures to assess our performance against strategic initiatives and operational benchmarks. Non-IFRS measures provide readers with an enhanced understanding of how we view our ongoing performance. These measures may also provide the ability to analyze trends related to profitability and the effectiveness of our operations and strategies, and determine compliance against regulatory standards. To arrive at certain non-IFRS measures, we make adjustments to the results prepared in accordance with IFRS. Adjustments relate to items which we believe are not indicative of underlying operating performance. Some of these financial measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS, and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other financial institutions. The non-IFRS measures used in this MD&A are calculated as follows: • Adjusted non-interest expenses – total non-interest expenses, excluding pre-tax amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, and acquisition and integration costs (see Table 1). Acquisition and integration costs include one-time direct and incremental costs incurred as part of the execution and ongoing integration of the acquisition of the businesses of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates. • Adjusted common shareholders’ net income – total common shareholders’ net income, excluding the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, acquisition and integration costs, and acquisition-related fair value changes, net of tax (see Table 1). • Pre-tax, pre-provision income – total revenue less adjusted non-interest expenses (see Table 1). • Adjusted earnings per common share – diluted earnings per common share calculated with adjusted common shareholders’ net income. In 2019, this metric was named ‘Adjusted cash earnings per common share’. • Return on common shareholders’ equity – common shareholders’ net income divided by average common shareholders’ equity. • Adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity – adjusted common shareholders’ net income divided by average common shareholders’ equity. • Return on assets – common shareholders’ net income divided by average total assets. • Efficiency ratio – adjusted non-interest expenses divided by total revenue. • Net interest margin – net interest income divided by average total assets. • Provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans – provision for credit losses on loans, committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit divided by average total loans. Provisions for credit losses related to debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and other financial assets are excluded. • Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average loans – provision for credit losses on impaired loans divided by average total loans. • Provision for credit losses on performing loans as a percentage of average loans – provision for credit losses on performing loans (Stage 1 and 2) divided by average total loans. • Operating leverage – growth rate of total revenue less growth rate of adjusted non-interest expenses. • Basel III common equity Tier 1, Tier 1, Total capital, and leverage ratios – calculated in accordance with guidelines issued by Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (OSFI). • Risk-weighted assets – on and off-balance sheet assets assigned a risk weighting calculated in accordance with the Standardized approach guideline issued by OSFI. • Average balances – average daily balances. Table 1 - Non-IFRS Measures ($ thousands) Non-interest expenses Adjustments (pre-tax): Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets Acquisition and integration costs(1) Adjusted non-interest expenses Common shareholders' net income Adjustments (after-tax): Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets Acquisition and integration costs(1) Acquisition-related fair value changes Adjusted common shareholders' net income Total revenue Less: Adjusted non-interest expenses Pre-tax, pre-provision income For the three months ended For the year ended October 31 2020 October 31 2019 October 31 2020 October 31 2019 $ 123,206 $ 107,667 $ 436,646 $ 405,481 (1,991) (907) (1,204) - (6,127) (2,442) (5,007) - 120,308 $ 106,463 $ 428,077 $ 400,474 63,380 $ 67,512 $ 248,956 $ 266,940 1,443 669 - 904 - - 4,515 1,804 - 3,397 - 5,773 65,492 $ 68,416 $ 255,275 $ 276,110 236,575 $ 220,853 $ 897,395 $ 861,604 $ $ $ $ 120,308 106,463 428,077 400,474 $ 116,267 $ 114,390 $ 469,318 $ 461,130 (1) Includes one-time direct and incremental costs incurred as part of the execution and ongoing integration of the acquisition of the businesses of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates. 20 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report WHO WE ARE CWB Financial Group (CWB) is a growth-oriented, full-service financial institution, and the only Schedule 1 chartered bank in Canada with a focus to meet the unique financial needs of business owners. Our teams deliver a uniquely proactive client experience with highly personalized service, specialized expertise, customized solutions and faster response times for our clients across Canada through our branch network, dedicated wealth and trust offices, and growing digital capabilities. We provide full-service business and personal banking, nation-wide specialized financing in targeted industries, comprehensive wealth management offerings, and trust and custody services specifically tailored for business owners, their employees and their families. GROWTH STRATEGY AND VISION Our highly engaged teams operate within a client-centric, collaborative and change-ready culture, with a core focus to achieve our vision to become the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada. The investments we have made over the past 10 years in pursuit of our strategic priorities have created great momentum. Despite the current challenging economic environment, we continue to transform our capabilities to offer a superior full-service client experience through a complete range of in-person and digital channels, and a clear alternative to the large Canadian banks. We create long-term value for shareholders through strong, profitable growth of full-service client relationships across a growing geographic footprint. We maintain conservative capital ratios and our expected transition to the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) approach for regulatory capital and risk management will further boost our capital ratios. A transition to AIRB will also increase our addressable market and position us to deliver a higher growth, higher profitability bank with an enhanced view of risk. Our differentiated market position and transformation-focused strategy has set the stage for CWB to be a disruptive force in Canadian financial services, deliver profitable long-term growth and enhance shareholder returns for years to come. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 21 FISCAL 2020 STRATEGIC HIGHLIGHTS Table 2 - Execution against Strategic Priorities To create value for the people who choose CWB Strategic execution during fiscal 2020 • Provided individualized advice, support and payment deferral options to our clients under our #CWBhasyourback program. • Embarked on a transformational initiative to deliver a seamless digital banking experience for small- and medium- sized business owners, complemented by artificial intelligence-powered conversational banking tools, in partnership with a global leader in banking software. Transform and optimize our capabilities to create an unrivaled experience for our clients • Launched end-to-end digital onboarding for Motive Financial clients to allow accounts to be opened virtually with immediate ability to transact. We extended these capabilities to all current and prospective CWB personal banking clients in November 2020. • Initiated the full integration of our wealth management operations to provide a differentiated private wealth experience to our clients. • Consolidated our equipment financing and leasing businesses under common leadership to leverage the strengths of our teams and create synergies that optimize client-facing interactions and enhance client relationships. • Streamlined lending administration and cash management processes to provide our teams with efficient, dynamic and intuitive tools and simplify interactions across all teams to support higher levels of client service and growth. • Recognized by Great Place to Work Canada® as one of the 50 Best WorkplacesTM in Canada and one of the Best WorkplacesTM in Financial Services and Insurance in Canada for 2020. • Recognized by Waterstone Human Capital as one of Canada’s Most Admired Corporate CulturesTM for 2020. • Enacted and expanded measures to communicate our stand against systemic racism, with concrete actions supported by our existing foundation of inclusion and diversity. • Enhanced the agility of our teams by fully supporting remote work arrangements while keeping our teams connected using virtual communication channels. • Expanded our mental health supports for team members, including the introduction of a new employee-represented group to support wellness – CWB Health 360. • Submitted our final application to OSFI for transition to AIRB and continued progression towards approval, which now includes a parallel run of our tools and processes during 2021 to evaluate their operation through a period of economic stress. • Opened our Mississauga branch, our first full-service branch in Ontario. • Acquired the businesses of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates, positioning CWB to become a leader in the Canadian private wealth industry. • Grew relationship-based, branch-raised funding by 20%, driven by very strong 34% growth in lower-cost demand and notice deposits. • Achieved further geographic diversification, with Ontario contributing approximately 45% of annual loan growth. Drive a positive and inclusive culture and employee experience to create value for our people and remain a career destination for top talent Transform and diversify our business to create value for investors through break- out growth and enhanced profitability STRATEGIC TRANSACTION On June 1, 2020, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the common shares of iA Investment Counsel Inc., an investment counsellor operating under the brands T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates (the wealth acquisition). The purchase price of $87 million was paid in cash upon closing and represented an investment of 30 basis points of regulatory capital. The wealth acquisition is a transformative step forward for CWB to become a leader in the Canadian private wealth industry, with focused capabilities in complex financial planning and investment management and an extended geographic footprint, to support our continued growth of strong client relationships across the country. T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates provide financial planning and wealth management services targeting high-net-worth Canadian families. T.E. Wealth is also one of the largest and most reputable providers of investment management and financial education services to Indigenous communities, with offerings provided under the T.E. Wealth Indigenous Services brand. With a significant portion of the client base in Ontario, the wealth acquisition will help to accelerate full-service client growth and achieve greater geographic diversification. The wealth acquisition’s fiscal 2020 financial results as well as client and team retention have been consistent with our expectations. In fiscal 2021, we will focus on the continued integration of our wealth management operations to provide a differentiated private wealth experience to our clients. The wealth acquisition contributed $5.9 billion to assets under management, advisement and administration at October 31, 2020. The operations of the wealth acquisition, which are included in our financial results for five months in this fiscal year, contributed $15 million to wealth management non-interest income and $18 million to non- interest expenses, which included $2 million of acquisition and integration costs as well as $1 million of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. The wealth acquisition is expected to support adjusted earnings per common share modestly at first, with further accretion beginning in fiscal 2022, and increase our contribution of non-interest income to total revenue to approximately 12% in fiscal 2021. 22 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report FISCAL 2021 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES Table 3 - Accelerated Transformation to Create Value for our Clients, our People and our Investors To create value for the people who choose CWB Fiscal 2021 transformation priorities Transform and optimize our capabilities to create an unrivaled experience for our clients • Continue to further enhance our differentiated full-service client experience, with a focus on the launch of our digital banking platform to allow clients to access banking products and services through single sign-on access to digital channels, and digital onboarding for small business clients. • Enhance our boutique full-service client experience with a focus to optimize client-facing interactions, leverage the synergies created within our consolidated equipment financing and leasing strategy, and enhance our wealth management offering through further integration of our wealth operations. • Leverage our expanding capabilities to offer a superior client experience through a complete range of in-person and digital channels and grow our full-service client base. Drive a positive and inclusive culture and employee experience to create value for our people and remain a career destination for top talent • Continue to earn recognition as an employer of choice, and a Great Place to Work CanadaTM. • Continue to support our employee-represented groups focused on inclusion, diversity and mental health, including CWB Women, CWB Pride, New Canadians and Allies, Indigenous Peoples and Allies, Black Employees and Allies, CWB Health 360, and Employees with Disabilities and Chronic Illness. • Enhance our talent development and coaching programs to support our position as a destination for top talent. Transform and diversify our business to create value for investors through break- out growth and enhanced profitability • Continue progression towards AIRB approval, undertaking a parallel run of our tools and processes to evaluate their operation through a period of economic stress. • Capture increased market share within targeted industries across our growing geographic footprint. • Continue to grow our brand and market share in Ontario, with an expanded presence complemented by our full- service branch in Mississauga and growing wealth management business. • Continue to execute on our funding diversification strategy, with strong growth of branch-raised deposits. IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND OUR RESPONSE The impact of the market disruption related to the COVID-19 global pandemic on the Canadian economy continues to be unprecedented and widespread, creating a challenging operating environment for our teams and clients across all industries and provinces. Canadian federal, provincial, and municipal governments began restricting mobility and social interaction in March in an effort to limit the spread of infection, which significantly curtailed economic activity and energy demand. Initial efforts to control the pandemic had positive results and the subsequent phased re-opening of economies across the country occurred at varying speeds. Following a strong initial recovery in economic activity from the trough in April, supported by various programs put in place by policymakers to provide system-wide liquidity and financial support, there are encouraging signs that economic activity will continue to rebound, but at a slower pace. However, this pandemic is not static and all levels of government across Canada continue to adapt restrictions as COVID-19 infection rates fluctuate. The pandemic and evolution of containment measures remain unclear and we continue to closely monitor developments. SUPPORTING OUR PEOPLE Our first priority remains the well-being of our teams and clients. We continue to take measures to ensure their health and safety. Most restrictions on travel and in-person gatherings and events remain in place. A significant proportion of our team members continue to work remotely and we have taken steps to ensure they are appropriately equipped to do so. We recognize that our current remote working arrangements, which are in place to protect our teams, clients and communities, have an impact on our team members and we have expanded our focus on mental health supports. All business locations, including those that were temporarily closed, remain open with reduced operating hours and additional safety measures in place. Where employees are working on our premises, we follow physical distancing conventions and have implemented enhanced cleaning and sanitization practices as well as a mandatory mask protocol. We will prudently migrate our teams back to the workplace and open our locations to full occupancy based on a strategy that is focused on the continued well-being of our teams and clients and considers evolving government and health authority physical distancing restrictions. We have had no layoffs or furloughs related to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our teams continue to proactively support our clients and maintain our normal high service levels. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 23 SUPPORTING OUR CLIENTS Our teams continue to provide a full range of services to our clients – through both digital channels and in-person. Under our #CWBhasyourback program, we mobilized our teams to proactively reach out to our clients to deliver individualized advice and support, and assist in adapting their banking to allow more operations to be completed remotely. We worked closely with our clients experiencing temporary financial difficulty to manage payment deferral options and support access to government programs on a case-by-case basis. We provided payment deferrals to over 25% of our loan portfolio to help our clients manage through the economic turbulence. As payment deferral periods conclude, we have been successful in working with clients to resume normal payments. The percentage of outstanding loans deferring payments has declined to approximately 1%, with three quarters of those clients paying the interest portion of their contractual payment. Our teams continue to actively support our clients through government lending initiatives to provide businesses with relief through this period of market disruption. At October 31, 2020, we administered the advance of nearly $90 million of Canada Emergency Business Account loans, which are funded by the federal government and not carried on our balance sheet. At October 31, 2020, we also funded approximately $130 million of loans, carried on our balance sheet, with partial federal government guarantees through Export Development Canada’s Business Credit Availability Program. RISK MANAGEMENT The emergence of COVID-19 and the potential for prolonged adverse general business and economic conditions combined with a very low interest rate environment has elevated certain risk factors that may impact our financial results. We remain well-positioned to manage these risks. We maintain an integrated and disciplined approach to risk management, which guides us in prudent risk-taking aligned with our strategic objectives for growth and our risk appetite. We continue to manage the evolving risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic within our existing enterprise risk management framework. Our capital and liquidity positions remain strong and we are confident that our talented teams, supported by our strong, well-diversified balance sheet, will enable us to successfully navigate through this market disruption and maintain our focus on execution of targeted strategic initiatives. Comprehensive details on the risks that may impact our operations can be found in the Risk Management section of this MD&A. Significant risk impacts arising from the ongoing market disruption related to the COVID-19 pandemic are described below. CREDIT RISK To limit the spread of COVID-19, beginning in March, businesses across many industries ceased or substantially reduced operations in response to government mandates to close non-essential businesses, resulting in employee layoffs or furloughs, with small- and medium-sized businesses particularly hard hit. Programs put in place by government agencies have provided temporary relief to our clients and the relaxation of mandated containment measures has begun to positively impact the economy. The conclusion of payment deferrals and government relief programs, as well as further extended periods of curtailed economic activity combined with continued elevated levels of unemployment and existing levels of household debt, may adversely impact our credit risk and could result in higher credit loss experience in future periods. Prolonged adverse economic conditions also have the potential to negatively impact the market value of underlying collateral securing our loans. As initial payment deferral arrangements concluded, predominantly under three-month terms, we have been successful in working with clients to resume normal payments. Requests for new, additional or extended payment deferrals largely subsided in July and August. We have expanded our Special Asset Management Unit to support our teams as we work through the market disruption and economic recovery. Our exposure within industries particularly affected by the economic shutdown is well-diversified and supported by high-quality, resilient borrowers. Our strong credit risk management framework, including well-established underwriting standards, the secured nature of our lending portfolio with conservative loan-to-value ratios, and our proactive approach to working with clients through difficult periods, is further enhanced by the capabilities developed to support our final AIRB application. Our credit risk management practices have proven to be very effective, and we have a history of low write-offs as a percentage of total loans, including through periods of economic uncertainty. LIQUIDITY RISK Market volatility and prolonged periods of economic stress impact how our clients manage their deposits and loans, which may result in deposit withdrawals and draws on lines of credit as well as loan payment deferrals. Market disruption may also impact our ability to access other funding sources on a cost-effective basis. Despite initial turmoil in funding markets at the onset of the pandemic, the Bank of Canada, alongside other federal bodies, was quick to react with various programs to provide system- wide liquidity and funding costs have normalized. We offer competitive deposit rates across all channels and have generated robust branch-raised deposit growth without sacrificing net interest margin. Business client line of credit utilization has generally trended down through the year. Our liquidity position remains strong and we continue to prudently manage liquidity as the economy recovers. OPERATIONAL RISK With a significant number of our team members working from home, our dependence on remote access to information technology and supporting infrastructure has increased. We regularly monitor, assess and revise our business continuity approach and response to ensure our ability to maintain critical operations through periods of business disruption. Our dedicated team and low absenteeism have supported stability within our operations and we have maintained our normal high service levels. Our Information Services team has worked diligently to ensure that all of our teams have uninterrupted remote access to required technology and infrastructure through our secure platforms. We remain vigilant regarding the effectiveness of our risk controls related to increased cyber security and fraud risks, which are typically elevated during volatile periods. 24 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report CWB FINANCIAL GROUP PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW Financial Highlights of 2020 (compared to 2019) • Solid loan growth of 6% with continued execution against our balanced growth strategic objectives for geographic and industry diversification, including very strong 13% growth in general commercial loans and 12% growth in Ontario. • Very strong branch-raised deposit growth of 20%, including 34% growth of demand and notice deposits. • Common shareholders’ net income of $249 million, down 7%. • Diluted and adjusted earnings per common share of $2.86 and $2.93, down 6% and 7%, respectively. • Pre-tax, pre-provision income of $469 million, up 2%, and total revenue of $897 million, up 4%. • Net interest margin of 2.45% was down only 15 basis points, despite a cumulative 150 basis point reduction in the Bank of Canada’s policy interest rate in March, as a result of a favorable shift in our funding mix due to sustained strong branch-raised deposit growth and proactive deposit pricing changes executed in response to market conditions. • Provision for credit losses on total loans representing 32 basis points of average loans, compared to 21 basis points last year, primarily due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the estimated performing loan allowance. • Gross impaired loans represented 0.85% of gross loans, up from 0.52% last year. As a percentage of average loans, the provision for credit losses on impaired loans of 18 basis points was lower compared to 21 basis points last year and our five-year average of 22 basis points. • Efficiency ratio of 47.7%, or 46.9% excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, compared to 46.5% last year as continued investment in strategic execution outpaced revenue growth in the very low interest rate environment. • Strong Basel III regulatory capital ratios under the Standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets of 8.8% common equity Tier 1 (CET1), 10.9% Tier 1 and 12.6% Total capital. SELECT FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Table 4 - Select Annual Financial Information(1) ($ thousands, except per share amounts) Key Performance Indicators Total revenue Pre-tax, pre-provision income Common shareholders' net income Earnings per share Basic Diluted Adjusted Return on common shareholders' equity Adjusted return on common shareholders' equity Return on assets Net interest margin Efficiency ratio(3) Operating leverage(4) Provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans(5) Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average loans(5) Other Financial Information Total assets Dividends per common share 2020 2019(2) 2018(2) $ % Change from 2019 $ 897,395 $ 861,604 $ 803,358 $ 469,318 248,956 2.86 2.86 2.93 461,130 266,940 436,188 249,256 3.05 3.04 3.15 2.81 2.79 3.01 35,791 8,188 (17,984) (0.19) (0.18) (0.22) 4 % 2 (7) (6) (6) (7) 9.3 % 10.9 % 11.0 % (160) bp(6) 9.5 0.76 2.45 47.7 (2.7) 0.32 0.18 11.3 0.88 2.60 46.5 (1.8) 0.21 0.21 11.9 0.89 2.60 45.7 1.9 0.20 0.19 (180) (12) (15) 120 (90) 11 (3) $ 33,937,865 $ 31,424,235 $ 29,021,463 $ 2,513,630 8 % 1.15 1.08 1.00 0.07 6 (2) (1) See page 20 for a discussion of non-IFRS measures. In fiscal 2019, we adopted IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) and in fiscal 2020, we adopted IFRS 16 Leases (IFRS 16) (refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements). Comparative figures have been prepared in accordance with prior accounting standards, specifically IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Classification and Measurement (IAS 39) and IAS 17 Leases (IAS 17), and have not been restated. (3) A decrease in the ratio reflects improved efficiency, while an increase reflects deterioration. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our efficiency ratio would have been 46.9% in fiscal 2020. (4) (5) (6) bp – basis point Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our operating leverage would have been negative 1.0% in fiscal 2020. Includes provisions for credit losses on loans, committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 25 Summary of Operations The emergence of COVID-19 resulted in a significant adverse shock to the Canadian economy, widespread curtailment of economic activity, elevated unemployment rates, decreased business investment and increased dependence on financial assistance, temporary loan payment deferrals and subsidy programs. Although these conditions put significant downward pressure on our operating results compared to the prior year, our investments in technology and product offering enhancements in recent years combined with our ongoing strategic execution to diversify our business and bolster funding sources allowed us to enter this period of volatility from a position of strength. We remain confident in our ability to continue to support our clients and people through these challenging times, while maintaining a prudent approach to lending, and managing our liquidity and capital levels. Strong branch-raised deposit growth combined with successful execution of our diversified funding strategy provided a robust position leading into and through ongoing market disruption. Our number of full-service clients, who have a core banking relationship with us, increased during the year and contributed to branch-raised deposit growth. We delivered very strong 20% growth of branch-raised deposits, with the increase primarily driven by lower-cost demand and notice deposits. This strong performance resulted in a 13% reduction in our outstanding balance of broker deposits. During the year, we generated solid loan growth of 6% as we continued to deliver against our balanced growth objectives. Loan growth was led by a 13% increase in the strategically targeted general commercial portfolio, which reflected ongoing efforts to increase full-service relationships across our national footprint. Ontario loans increased 12%, representing approximately 45% of overall loan growth. Total revenue increased 4% during the year. Net interest income was up 2% compared to last year, reflecting the positive impact of 6% loan growth partially offset by a 15 basis point reduction in net interest margin. The decline in net interest margin was due to a cumulative reduction in the Bank of Canada policy interest rate of 150 basis points in March, partially offset by a favorable shift in our funding mix due to sustained strong branch-raised deposit growth and proactive deposit pricing changes. Non- interest income was up 29% from last year, primarily due to the five-month contribution of our wealth acquisition combined with higher net gains on securities related to re-balancing of our cash and securities portfolio in light of market volatility. The performing loan allowance for credit losses is our most significant accounting estimate, using an expected credit loss (ECL) model that considers past performance and forward-looking economic variables. The 46% or $41 million increase in the estimated performing loan allowance compared to last year was driven by a significant adverse shift in current and forecast macroeconomic conditions primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our provision for credit losses on performing loans represented 14 basis points as a percentage of average loans, compared to nil last year. Gross impaired loans of $257 million increased 73% from last year. The level of gross impaired loans fluctuates as loans become impaired and are subsequently resolved, and does not directly reflect the dollar value of expected write-offs given tangible security held in support of lending exposures. We remain confident in our strong credit risk management framework, including well-established underwriting standards, the secured nature of our lending portfolio with conservative loan-to-value ratios, and proactive approach to working with clients through difficult periods. As a percentage of average loans, the provision for credit losses on impaired loans of 18 basis points was lower than 21 basis points last year and our five-year average of 22 basis points. Although the challenging operating environment dampened our revenue growth, we continued to execute on our strategic priorities to build the culture, capabilities, technology, and brand for CWB to be a disruptive force in Canadian financial services, deliver profitable long-term growth and enhance shareholder returns for years to come. We also expanded our brand and market share in Ontario, supported by the wealth acquisition and the opening of our Mississauga branch, our first CWB full-service branch in the province. We continued to advance our business transformation and digital capabilities to ensure we are well-positioned to accommodate an expected shift in consumer preference towards digital banking. We launched digital onboarding for Motive Financial clients, our digital-only channel, and extended the capabilities to all current and prospective personal clients in November 2020. As we continue to replace our existing online platform with a seamless end-to-end digital banking experience for business and personal clients, our investments will significantly enhance our digital capabilities and complement our high-touch, personalized service. This will allow us to continue to diversify our business across Canada by attracting new clients both within and outside of our branch footprint, while further broadening our access to lower cost funding. Initiatives to optimize client facing operations within our banking branches continued this year and included improved cash management processes to provide our teams with efficient and intuitive tools that simplify interactions across all teams, an expanded branch and client support centre to assist our frontline teams and streamlined lending administration activities to more efficiently support higher levels of client service and growth. We also relocated two branches to new locations featuring a client- inspired design with open, adaptable and collaborative spaces. Together, these initiatives will boost our capabilities to deliver on our reputation for proactive, personalized service through both in-person and digital channels in a highly scalable manner. Non-interest expenses were up 8% due to the combined impact of the wealth acquisition, continued investment in our teams and technology to support overall business growth, and non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives that will result in future cost savings and support accelerated delivery against our strategic priorities, partially offset by reduced spending on certain expenses in light of the current operating environment. Excluding the wealth acquisition and non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives, non-interest expense growth was 2%. Growth of non-interest expenses outpaced total revenue growth, resulting in an efficiency ratio of 47.7%, or 46.9% excluding the wealth acquisition, compared to 46.5% last year. Excluding the wealth acquisition, operating leverage of negative 1.0% improved compared to negative 1.8% last year. The very low interest rate environment and elevated levels of estimated credit losses on performing loans put downward pressure on our earnings this year. Diluted earnings per common share of $2.86 and adjusted earnings per common share of $2.93 were down 6% and 7%, respectively. Our adjusted return on common shareholders’ equity (ROE) of 9.5% decreased 180 basis points due to the impact of an 8% decline in adjusted common shareholders’ net income and higher average common shareholders’ equity. The maintenance of strong and conservative capital levels is fundamental to our objectives to effectively manage risks and support strong growth. Our Basel III CET1 capital ratio at October 31, 2020 remained strong at 8.8%, compared to 9.1% last year. The change from last year primarily reflected the impact of the wealth acquisition. Including Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of 10.9%, and 12.6%, respectively, all of our capital ratios remain above both internal and regulatory minimums. Based on results of ongoing stress testing and scenario analysis, we remain confident in our ability to deliver positive earnings for shareholders while we maintain financial stability, our current dividend, and a strong capital position. 26 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Fiscal 2021 Outlook We began fiscal 2021 coming off a year of unprecedented economic volatility, in its scale and impact on our clients, people, and investors. We expect our overall financial performance in fiscal 2021 to reflect a balance between continued investment in our ability to deliver an unrivaled experience for our clients and recognition that revenue growth will be negatively impacted by curtailed economic activity and a very low interest rate environment in the near term. We will prudently manage expenses and continue to execute on priorities aligned with our strategic direction. We know that the current economic volatility will pass, and continued strategic execution will ensure we are well-positioned to deliver profitable long-term growth and enhance shareholder returns for years to come. Based on our expectations related to a gradual Canadian economic recovery and key performance drivers discussed below, we expect to deliver in fiscal 2021: • adjusted earnings per common share and adjusted ROE relatively consistent with fiscal 2020; • an elevated efficiency ratio compared to our historical experience as we continue to execute on our strategic priorities and as a result of the wealth acquisition; • a strong CET1 capital ratio; and, • a quarterly common share dividend that remains at its current level in light of regulatory restrictions on dividend increases. Expectation of a gradual Canadian economic recovery After an initial rebound in the latter half of calendar 2020, the Canadian economy is expected to follow a more gradual recovery in 2021. A gross domestic product (GDP) recovery and reduction in unemployment rates fueled by the re-opening of the economy in mid-2020 and the impact of various government and central bank stimulus programs is expected to continue throughout 2021, albeit at a slower pace. We expect economic performance in 2021 within our largest provincial markets to vary based on factors unique to each region. Despite positive results of the re-opening measures, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the strength, speed and sustainability of the economic recovery and the ultimate impact it will have on businesses and consumers. Critical factors to the recovery of the Canadian economy include the evolution of COVID-19 infection rates, measures enacted by all levels of government to slow the spread of the virus and the speed of vaccine development and delivery. In our outlook for financial performance for fiscal 2021, we have assumed that the measures undertaken by health authorities do not trigger a second significant GDP recession and spike in unemployment levels like we experienced in the Spring of 2020. Given the uncertainty of the economic outlook, we continue to perform additional stress testing, using our AIRB and IFRS 9 models to simulate the impacts of a more severe and prolonged period of challenging economic conditions throughout our geographic footprint. Considering the results of these stress tests and the uncertain economic outlook, we remain confident in our ability to deliver positive earnings for shareholders while we maintain financial stability, our current dividend, and a strong capital position. Profitable loan growth with continued strategic diversification Continued strategic execution has positioned us to capture increased market share within a larger addressable market, despite the potential for varying degrees of volatility in the current operating environment. We strive to be more proactive than our competitors and have embodied this aspiration during this period of market disruption, giving business owner clients a clear alternative to the large Canadian banks. We will continue to support high-quality borrowers with a focus on business owners operating within targeted industry segments across Canada. In fiscal 2021, we expect to deliver mid-single digit percentage loan growth, whenever prudent. This includes a continued focus on secured loans that offer an appropriate return and acceptable risk profile. We continue to target further geographic and industry diversification through growth of client relationships in targeted industries across our national footprint. We expect growth in Ontario to continue to reflect ongoing contributions from our established businesses, as well as our first CWB branch in the province. We expect continued higher relative growth in our strategically targeted general commercial portfolio, which reflected ongoing efforts to increase full-service relationships across our national footprint. We expect growth in our remaining portfolios to remain relatively consistent with our overall growth rate of loans, with the exception of real estate project loans. We continue to assess construction-related lending opportunities within targeted markets. Our expectations for restrained growth of real estate project loans reflect the combined impact of this portfolio’s relatively short duration and our strategic focus to grow other portfolios more quickly. Within the parameters of our established risk appetite, we will continue to finance well-capitalized developers on the basis of sound loan structures and acceptable pre-sale/lease levels and have a strong pipeline of new lending opportunities, particularly as the economy recovers and delayed construction re-commences. Credit quality We expect impaired loans as a percentage of total loans to increase in fiscal 2021, particularly as government support and payment deferral programs conclude and the slow economic recovery continues. As a result, impaired loan allowances and write-offs may increase from current levels. However, we are confident in the strength, diversity and underwriting structure of the overall loan portfolio and our proactive approach to account management to help mitigate actual loan losses. While IFRS 9 affects the timing of the recognition of credit losses, the accounting standard does not affect actual credit losses realized over the life of a particular loan, represented by write-offs net of recoveries. Consistent with the expectation of a gradual recovery of the economy in fiscal 2021, we expect the provision for credit losses on performing loans to decline from the level recognized in fiscal 2020, which was impacted by a severe adverse shift in the macroeconomic outlook following the emergence of COVID-19. While economic conditions are expected to gradually improve over fiscal 2021, key economic variables incorporated in our ECL models, such as unemployment rates, GDP growth, the Canadian dollar/U.S. dollar exchange rate, interest rates, oil prices and housing market conditions are inherently prone to volatility on a forward-looking basis. There is considerable uncertainty in how quickly the economy will return to pre-pandemic levels. Potential risks that could have a material adverse impact on loan growth and credit quality include enhanced physical distancing or containment measures put in place to slow the spread of COVID-19, limited availability of an effective vaccine, deterioration in Canadian residential real estate prices, material changes to trade agreements, including the imposition of tariffs, which could affect the outlook for Canadian exports, further weakening of energy and other commodity prices, a material contraction of economic growth in the U.S., or a significant disruption in major global economies. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 27 Continued growth and diversification of funding Our strategic focus to grow and diversify funding sources will continue. This includes an ongoing goal to increase branch-raised deposits, with particular emphasis on demand and notice deposits. We expect high-single digit percentage branch-raised deposit growth, which is lower than the growth achieved in fiscal 2020, which saw very robust growth as economic activity was curtailed and depositors showed a preference for liquidity. We anticipate slower deposit growth in fiscal 2021 as business and consumer spending increases in line with the expected economic recovery. We expect future growth in branch-raised funding to reflect success in our ability to acquire more clients and develop broader, full-service client relationships across the country. We are pleased with our growth of full-service clients to-date and will continue to focus on growing our relationships with existing clients as well as further market penetration in fiscal 2021. In fiscal 2020, we successfully delivered digital onboarding for Motive Financial clients, followed by personal accounts for branch-based customers. During fiscal 2021, we will extend these capabilities to our small business clients to provide a seamless and differentiated client experience. We expect these efforts to broaden our access to lower cost funding by attracting new clients both within and outside of our branch footprint and enhance our capacity to deliver on our reputation for excellence in personalized service in a highly scalable manner through a full range of channels. We also expect continued diversification of funding sources to include growth of both debt capital markets and securitization funding channels. Revenue growth We expect to deliver mid-single digit percentage growth of net interest income in fiscal 2021 from the benefits of loan growth and a relatively stable net interest margin. Reflecting the full year impact of Bank of Canada policy interest rate reductions in fiscal 2020, we expect our annual net interest margin to remain relatively consistent with the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 of 2.45%, with the potential for quarterly volatility. Our strategic priorities to support net interest income include continued strong branch-raised deposit growth with further enhancement of our client experience through focused business transformation and ongoing investment in digital capabilities. We will continue to assess deposit product pricing based on market conditions, while maintaining prudent levels of liquidity. On a full year basis, we expect average levels of liquidity to remain relatively consistent with fiscal 2020; however, actual balances will fluctuate throughout the year based on our deposit maturity profile. We do not anticipate any further Bank of Canada policy interest rate adjustments in fiscal 2021. We expect growth of non-interest income across most categories, with the exception of net gains on securities, reflecting our strategy to extend and deepen relationships with both new and existing clients across all business lines. Based on the current composition of the debt securities portfolio, net gains on securities are not expected to contribute materially to non-interest income; however, the magnitude and timing of gains and losses are dependent on market factors that are difficult to predict. Non-interest income is expected to represent approximately 12% of total revenue in fiscal 2021 as a result of a significant increase in wealth management fees driven by the full year contribution of the wealth acquisition combined with higher assets under management, advisement and administration due to new client growth and market appreciation. In fiscal 2021, we will focus on the integration of our wealth management operations to provide a differentiated private wealth experience to our clients. Strategic investment will continue Our continued focus on business transformation and process improvement, alongside ongoing investment in digital capabilities, is intended to support improved efficiency through increasingly scalable client acquisition and business growth over the medium term. While we will maintain disciplined control of less strategic non-interest expenses during fiscal 2021, our continued execution against our strategic priorities, including our digital transformation and AIRB parallel run, will result in non-interest expense growth in the mid-double digits, or high-single digits excluding the impact of operating and integrating the wealth acquisition. During fiscal 2021, the costs associated with operating as an AIRB bank, along with amortization of accumulated capital costs will be recognized in non-interest expenses. Based on the current very low interest rate environment, our continued strategic execution and reflecting the impact of our wealth acquisition, we expect our efficiency ratio to trend higher than our typical range of 45% to 47%. Our strategic execution over the past several years has positioned us to be stronger and more resilient than ever and the investments made in fiscal 2021 will further optimize our business as we position ourselves to continue to deliver an unrivaled experience to our clients, and accelerate our growth through the rebound of our economy. Income taxes As part of Alberta’s COVID-19 economic recovery plan, the provincial government accelerated the previously announced corporate income tax rate reduction, from 10% to 8%, effective July 1, 2020. The reduction is expected to decrease our effective tax rate by approximately 110 basis points in fiscal 2021, compared to full year fiscal 2020. Prudent capital management With a strong CET1 capital ratio under the more conservative Standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets, we are well-positioned to support our clients through this period of economic volatility, pursue targeted growth opportunities and continue strategic execution. Our final application to OSFI for transition to the AIRB methodology for regulatory capital and risk management will now include a parallel run of our AIRB tools and processes during 2021 to evaluate their operation through this period of economic volatility, followed by finalization of OSFI’s review. The extended timeline for approval, compared to our expectation of approval within fiscal 2020, does not change our near-term financial outlook as OSFI’s current industry restrictions limit the deployment of capital through increased dividends or use of a normal course issuer bid. We are actively using the majority of our AIRB tools to manage credit risk, including comprehensive stress testing, risk quantification processes, our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and ECL. These improved risk management capabilities better equip us to manage through economic downturns and allocate resources to target business segments that generate the most attractive risk-adjusted returns. This will prepare us for a transition to the AIRB approach for regulatory capital purposes. The AIRB approach will put us on more equal footing with our large Canadian bank competitors, increase our addressable market, boost our capital ratios, add risk sensitivity to our framework for capital management and improve risk-based pricing capabilities. During fiscal 2020, OSFI mandated that federally-regulated financial institutions suspend dividend increases to support the economy and maintain strong capital positions. As a result, we expect to maintain our quarterly dividend at its current level in fiscal 2021. 28 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report NET INTEREST INCOME Net interest income is the difference between interest and dividends earned on assets, and interest paid on deposits and other liabilities, including debt. Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average total assets. Highlights of 2020 • Net interest income of $799 million was up 2% primarily reflecting 6% loan growth partially offset by a 15 basis point decline in net interest margin. • Net interest margin of 2.45% was down only 15 basis points, despite a cumulative 150 basis point reduction in the Bank of Canada’s policy interest rate, as a result of a favorable shift in our funding mix due to strong branch-raised deposit growth and proactive deposit pricing changes executed in response to market conditions. In response to the policy interest rate reductions, average prime rate declined 94 basis points from the prior year, to 3.01%. Table 5 - Net Interest Income(1) ($ thousands) Assets Cash, securities and deposits with regulated 2020 2019 Average Balance Mix Interest Interest Rate Average Balance Mix Interest Interest Rate financial institutions $ 2,799,760 9 % $ 32,639 1.17 % $ 2,405,937 8 % $ 37,470 1.56 % Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans Personal Business Total interest bearing assets Other assets Total Assets Liabilities Deposits Personal 32,436 5,814,502 23,171,792 28,986,294 31,818,490 748,411 - 18 71 89 98 2 273 0.84 80,956 - 1,500 1.85 220,707 1,115,295 1,336,002 1,368,914 - 3.80 4.81 4.61 4.30 0.00 5,405,011 21,782,700 27,187,711 29,674,604 556,757 18 72 90 98 2 215,253 1,164,477 1,379,730 1,418,700 - 3.98 5.35 5.07 4.78 0.00 $ 32,566,901 100 % $ 1,368,914 4.20 % $ 30,231,361 100 % $ 1,418,700 4.69 % $ 15,562,654 48 % $ 342,623 2.20 % $ 15,347,419 51 % $ 377,345 2.46 % Business and government Securities sold under repurchase agreements Other liabilities(2) Debt Shareholders' equity Non-controlling interests 10,564,415 26,127,069 13,922 821,385 2,532,544 3,070,800 1,181 32 80 - 3 8 9 - 156,472 499,095 45 2,904 67,459 - - 1.48 1.91 0.32 0.35 2.66 0.00 0.00 9,288,447 24,635,866 31 82 12,094 629,682 2,139,110 2,812,579 2,030 - 2 7 9 - 195,881 573,226 253 - 59,637 - - 2.11 2.33 2.09 0.00 2.77 0.00 0.00 Total Liabilities and Equity $ 32,566,901 100 % $ 569,503 1.75 % $ 30,231,361 100 % $ 633,116 2.09 % Total Assets/Net Interest Income $ 32,566,901 $ 799,411 2.45 % $ 30,231,361 $ 785,584 2.60 % (1) (2) See page 20 for a discussion of non-IFRS measures. Fiscal 2020 results include the impact of the prospective adoption of IFRS 16, which requires the recognition of interest expense on lease liabilities (refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements). Prior to the adoption of IFRS 16, all lease-related expenses were included in premises and equipment expenses. The adoption of IFRS 16 did not have a significant impact on net interest margin. Net interest income of $799 million was up 2% ($14 million). Growth was primarily driven by the 7% increase in average interest-earning assets partially offset by a lower net interest margin of 2.45% compared to 2.60% in the prior year. The yield on average cash, securities and deposits with regulated financial institutions of 1.17% decreased 39 basis points primarily due to market interest rate reductions. Average balances of cash and securities were slightly higher than last year due to additional liquidity carried through market volatility and our deposit maturity profile. The average loan yield declined 46 basis points to 4.61% primarily due to a 94 basis point reduction in average prime rate, to 3.01%, following policy interest rate reductions in March. Average deposit costs were down 42 basis points to 1.91% and the overall cost of average interest bearing liabilities and equity decreased 34 basis points to 1.75%, primarily due to market interest rate reductions and a favourable shift in our funding mix driven by strong branch-raised deposit growth and a resulting decline in broker deposits. We also proactively lowered interest rates on certain deposit products based on market conditions, while maintaining prudent levels of liquidity, which benefited overall deposits costs. Beginning in March, market disruption impacted the cost-effectiveness of the securitization and broker funding channels and the availability of debt capital markets. Funding costs and access have since normalized in response to government programs implemented to support financial system liquidity. Several of the government programs are available to us and we, along with other Canadian banks, accessed the Bank of Canada’s Standing Term Liquidity Facility (STLF), which drove the majority of the 13 basis point decline in debt-related funding costs. We fully repaid our advances under the STLF in the fourth quarter. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 29 NON-INTEREST INCOME Highlights of 2020 • Non-interest income of $98 million was up 29% primarily due to higher wealth management fees due to the contribution of the wealth acquisition and net gains on securities. • Non-interest income represented 11% of total revenues, up from 9% in the prior year. Table 6 - Non-interest Income ($ thousands) Credit related Wealth management services Retail services Trust services Gains on securities, net Other(1) Total Non-interest Income 2020 2019 $ 34,921 $ 34,082 $ 33,565 9,679 8,377 9,428 2,014 19,640 10,627 7,651 301 3,719 $ 97,984 $ 76,020 $ Change from 2019 $ 839 13,925 (948) 726 9,127 (1,705) 21,964 % 2 % 71 (9) 9 nm (46) 29 % (1) Primarily consists of foreign exchange gains/losses and other miscellaneous non-interest revenues. nm – not meaningful Non-interest income of $98 million was up 29% ($22 million) as higher wealth management fees contributed by the wealth acquisition, net gains on securities, credit related fees and trust services fees more than offset lower retail fees and foreign exchange revenue recorded in ‘other’ non-interest income. Elevated net gains on securities during the year reflected the re-balancing of our cash and securities portfolio in light of market volatility. The decline in retail fees compared to last year was related to reduced transaction volumes and the waiver of certain fees as part of our COVID-19 relief efforts. 30 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report NON-INTEREST EXPENSES, EFFICIENCY AND OPERATING LEVERAGE Highlights of 2020 • Non-interest expenses increased 8%, or 2% excluding the wealth acquisition and non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives. • The efficiency ratio of 47.7%, or 46.9% excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, increased from 46.5% last year as non-interest expense growth outpaced revenue growth in the very low interest rate environment. • Operating leverage was negative 2.7%. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, operating leverage of negative 1.0% improved from negative 1.8% last year as non-interest expense growth outpaced revenue growth by a larger proportion in the prior year. Table 7 - Non-interest Expenses, Efficiency Ratio and Operating Leverage ($ thousands) 2020 2019 $ % Change from 2019 Salaries and Employee Benefits Salaries Employee benefits Premises(1) Depreciation Rent Other Equipment and Software Depreciation Other General Regulatory costs Professional fees and services Marketing and business development Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets Banking charges Employee recruitment and training Loan-related credit reports Acquisition and integration costs Capital and business taxes Communications Travel Staff relations Other Total Non-interest Expenses Efficiency Ratio(2)(3) Operating Leverage(2)(4) $ 234,759 $ 46,649 281,408 18,765 9,804 4,089 32,658 25,556 22,148 47,704 12,789 12,125 9,169 6,127 5,743 3,412 3,241 2,442 2,385 2,111 2,010 1,539 11,783 74,876 $ 213,452 44,514 257,966 5,310 22,460 3,842 31,612 22,127 16,776 38,903 12,022 13,824 12,546 5,007 5,048 4,690 2,996 - 1,888 1,995 4,028 2,248 10,708 77,000 $ 436,646 $ 405,481 $ 47.7 % (2.7) 46.5 % (1.8) 21,307 2,135 23,442 13,455 (12,656) 247 1,046 3,429 5,372 8,801 767 (1,699) (3,377) 1,120 695 (1,278) 245 2,442 497 116 (2,018) (709) 1,075 (2,124) 31,165 10 % 5 9 253 (56) 6 3 15 32 23 6 (12) (27) 22 14 (27) 8 100 26 6 (50) (32) 10 (3) 8 % 120 bp(5) (90) (1) Fiscal 2020 results include the impact of the prospective adoption of IFRS 16, which requires the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for premises leases on the consolidated balance sheet (refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements). Depreciation of right-of-use assets is included in premises depreciation above and interest expense on lease liabilities is included in interest expense. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 16, all lease-related expenses were included in premises rent. See page 20 for a discussion of non-IFRS measures. (2) (3) A decrease in this ratio reflects improved efficiency, while an increase reflects deterioration. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our efficiency ratio would have been 46.9% in fiscal 2020. (4) (5) bp – basis point Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our operating leverage would have been negative 1.0% in fiscal 2020. Total non-interest expenses of $437 million were up 8% ($31 million). The increase reflected approximately $18 million due to the wealth acquisition, which included $2 million of acquisition and integration costs as well as $1 million of amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, and $4 million of non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives that will reduce ongoing costs and support accelerated delivery against our growth, digital transformation and geographic diversification strategic priorities as well as simplify the way we do business and improve our efficiency. Excluding the wealth acquisition and non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives, non-interest expense growth was 2%. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 31 Overall salaries and employee benefits increased 9% ($23 million) mainly due to hiring activity to support overall business growth and execution of strategic priorities, the wealth acquisition, annual salary increments and costs related to organizational redesign initiatives. The wealth acquisition increased our full- time equivalent employees by approximately 120 during the year. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, the increase in full-time equivalent employees was 5%. Equipment and software costs were up 23% ($9 million) primarily due to ongoing investment in technology infrastructure, to position us for future growth and improve our client and employee experience, combined with costs related to organizational redesign initiatives. General non-interest expenses were down 3% ($2 million) mainly due to reduced spending in the current operating environment and lower marketing costs partially offset by the wealth acquisition. Marketing expenses were elevated last year due to the launch of the renewed CWB brand. The efficiency ratio of 47.7%, or 46.9% excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, increased from 46.5% last year as non-interest expense growth outpaced revenue growth in the very low interest rate environment. Operating leverage, which is calculated as the growth rate of total revenue less the growth rate of adjusted non-interest expenses, was negative 2.7%. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, operating leverage of negative 1.0% improved from negative 1.8% last year as non-interest expense growth outpaced revenue growth by a larger proportion in the prior year. ACQUISITION-RELATED FAIR VALUE CHANGES Figure 1 - Number of Full-time Equivalent Employees (1) Approximately half of the fiscal 2020 increase related to the wealth acquisition. There were no acquisition-related fair value changes this year. Prior to the completion of the earn-out period for the contingent consideration related to the successful and accretive acquisition of CWB Maxium, acquisition-related fair value changes of $8 million were recorded in fiscal 2019. INCOME TAXES The current year effective income tax rate of 26.3% was consistent with last year. In 2019, the Alberta government enacted reductions to the corporate income tax rate from 12% to 8% over four years, beginning with a 1% decrease on July 1, 2019 and further reductions of 1% expected on each of January 1, 2020, 2021 and 2022. As part of Alberta’s COVID-19 economic recovery plan, the provincial government accelerated the reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 10% to 8% effective July 1, 2020, rather than the schedule noted above. The corporate income tax rate reduction did not have a significant impact on our effective tax rate in fiscal 2020 as the current income tax benefit was offset by the negative impact of the re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities at the lower tax rate. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the cumulative amount of tax applicable to temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, and their values for tax purposes. Our deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate primarily to the performing loan allowance for credit losses and intangible assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates anticipated to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Changes in deferred income taxes related to a change in tax rates are recognized as income in the period of the tax rate change. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and other comprehensive income (OCI), all net of taxes. Our OCI includes changes in unrealized gains and losses on debt securities measured at FVOCI and equity securities designated at FVOCI, and fair value changes for derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges. Comprehensive income of $353 million was down 7% ($25 million) due to a $16 million decline in net income combined with a $9 million reduction in OCI. Lower OCI, net of tax, was primarily driven by a lower change in fair value of debt securities measured at FVOCI ($26 million) partially offset by higher changes in fair value of equities measured at FVOCI ($15 million), due to the conclusion of the planned divestiture of our preferred share investment portfolio, and derivatives designated as cash flow hedges ($2 million). Our debt securities portfolio, which is classified at FVOCI, is comprised primarily of debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada, a province or municipality. Fluctuations in value are generally attributed to changes in interest rates, movements in market credit spreads and shifts in the interest rate curve. 32 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Table 8 - Comprehensive Income ($ thousands) Net Income Other Comprehensive Income, net of tax Items that will be subsequently reclassified to net income Debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Gains from change in fair value Reclassification to net income Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges Gains from change in fair value Reclassification to net income Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net income Gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income Comprehensive Income CASH AND SECURITIES 2020 2019 Change from 2019 $ 271,550 $ 287,846 $ (16,296) 14,046 (5,900) 8,146 105,003 (31,855) 73,148 528 81,822 34,301 (354) 33,947 71,361 (383) 70,978 (14,175) 90,750 $ 353,372 $ 378,596 $ (20,255) (5,546) (25,801) 33,642 (31,472) 2,170 14,703 (8,928) (25,224) Cash, securities and securities purchased under resale agreements amounted to $3.1 billion at October 31, 2020, compared to $2.5 billion last year. The cash and securities portfolio is mainly comprised of high-quality debt instruments that are not held for trading purposes and, where applicable, are typically held to maturity. The balance and mix of cash and securities are managed as part of our overall liquidity management process. Refer to the Liquidity Management section of this MD&A for more information. Table 9 - Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Debt Securities and Cash Resources Measured at FVOCI and Equity(1) ($ thousands) Measured at FVOCI Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions(2) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada A province or municipality Other debt securities(3) Designated at FVOCI Preferred shares Total Measured at FVOCI Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions(2) Debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada A province or municipality Other debt securities(3) Designated at FVOCI Preferred shares Total As at October 31, 2020 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Amortized Cost Fair Value $ 254,442 $ 11 $ 2 $ 254,451 1,313,002 964,084 376,377 1,953 5,232 3,394 1,126 39 267 63 259 - 1,317,967 967,415 377,244 1,992 $ 2,909,858 $ 9,802 $ 591 $ 2,919,069 As at October 31, 2019 Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Amortized Cost Fair Value $ 293,865 $ - $ 9 $ 293,856 1,344,455 489,361 170,431 477 290 76 3,606 390 51 1,341,326 489,261 170,456 26,648 - 8,484 18,164 $ 2,324,760 $ 843 $ 12,540 $ 2,313,063 (1) Excludes financial instruments measured at amortized cost, including cash, non-interest bearing deposits with financial institutions and cheques and other items in transit of $114 million (2019 – $122 million) and securities purchased under resale agreements of $50 million (2019 – $40 million). Included in cash resources on the consolidated balance sheets. Includes securities issued or guaranteed by the United States Treasury of $93 million (2019 – $76 million). (2) (3) Fluctuations in the value of securities are generally attributed to changes in interest rates, movements in market credit spreads and shifts in the interest rate curve. Net unrealized gains, before tax, recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at October 31, 2020 totaled $9 million, compared to net unrealized losses of $12 million last year. We recognized in earnings $9 million of net gains on securities related to re-balancing our cash and securities portfolio through market disruption, compared to a negligible amount last year. For preferred shares designated as FVOCI, $6 million of realized losses on sales were recognized directly in retained earnings in accordance with IFRS 9. We regularly review the level of unrealized losses on securities. Impairment charges on debt securities are reflected in net gains (losses) on securities only in the case of an issuer credit event. We have no direct investment in any sovereign debt or other securities issued outside of Canada or the U.S. See Table 28 – Valuation of Financial Instruments of this MD&A for additional information on significant financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 33 LOANS Highlights of 2020 • Overall loan growth of 6%, with strong 13% growth in our strategically targeted general commercial portfolio. • Achieved further geographic diversification, with strong 12% growth in Ontario, which represented approximately 45% of overall loan growth. Ontario-based loans represented 23% of total loans at October 31, 2020, compared to 22% last year. • Very strong 12% growth in commercial mortgages and solid 7% growth in personal loans and mortgages, mainly comprised of “A” mortgage growth to support participation in the National Housing Act Mortgage Backed Securities (NHA MBS) program. Table 10 - Outstanding Loans by Portfolio ($ millions) General commercial loans Personal loans and mortgages Commercial mortgages Equipment financing and leasing Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans Total Outstanding Loans(1) 2020 2019 $ % $ 9,697 $ 8,600 $ 1,097 13 % Change from 2019 6,074 5,696 5,254 3,252 195 5,690 5,088 5,192 3,752 155 384 608 62 (500) 40 7 12 1 (13) 26 $ 30,168 $ 28,477 $ 1,691 6 % (1) Total loans outstanding by lending sector exclude the allowance for credit losses. Total loans, excluding the allowance for credit losses, surpassed $30 billion to reach $30.2 billion, up 6% from last year. Growth by lending sector was consistent with our ongoing efforts to increase full-service relationships across our national footprint. Growth was led by the strategically targeted general commercial portfolio, which increased 13% ($1.1 billion) this year, including growth of 20% in Ontario. General commercial lending reflects activity across a broad range of industries, such as manufacturing, construction, transportation, retail trade, hospitality, healthcare, professional services and wholesale trade. Personal loans and mortgages increased 7% ($384 million) primarily due to “A” mortgage portfolio growth, which largely consists of residential mortgages eligible for bulk portfolio insurance to support our participation in the NHA MBS program. Alternative mortgages originated within our broker-sourced residential mortgage business, CWB Optimum, represent approximately 47% of total personal loans and mortgages compared to 49% last year, or approximately 10% of total loans, consistent with last year. Commercial mortgages increased 12% ($608 million), with growth driven by strong new lending volumes with well-capitalized, high-quality borrowers. The equipment financing and leasing portfolio remained relatively consistent with last year as a result of curtailed economic activity and capital projects. Real estate project loans contracted 13% ($500 million) with new growth more than offset by the impact of successful project completions and payouts. Projects underway prior to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to progress, although at a slower pace given physical distancing protocols. Reduced demand for condominiums and high land prices negatively impacted project starts, which have been further impacted by curtailed economic activity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We continue to lend into oil and gas production on a syndicated basis and maintain a proactive approach to manage our small portfolio in this space. The $40 million increase from last year reflected participation in syndications within our risk appetite. Our exposure to oil and gas production and service businesses each represent 1% of total loans. The mix of our portfolio (see Figure 2) shifted in a manner consistent with our strategic priorities. Very strong growth in general commercial loans increased the proportion of loans in this category as a percentage of the total portfolio to 32% at October 31, 2020, compared to 30% last year. The proportion of loans in equipment financing and leasing decreased to 17% from 18% last year. Real estate project loans comprised 11% of the portfolio at year end, compared to 13% in 2019. Figure 2 - Outstanding Loans by Portfolio (October 31, 2019 in brackets) 34 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report The change in the mix of our portfolio based on the location of security (see Figure 3) was also consistent with our strategic priorities. BC and Alberta each represented 32% of total loans at October 31, 2020, compared to 33% and 32% in 2019, respectively. Ontario represented 23% of total loans at year end, up from 22% last year. Figure 3 - Geographical Distribution of Outstanding Loans based on Location of Security (October 31, 2019 in brackets) The loan portfolio is focused on areas of demonstrated lending expertise, while concentrations measured by geographic area and industry sector are managed within specified tolerance levels. The portfolio is well-diversified, including a mix of business and personal loans, with significantly increased geographic and industry diversification delivered over the past several years. Table 11 - Outstanding Loans by Industry Sector(1) (% at October 31) Consumer loans and residential mortgages Real estate operations Construction Transportation and storage Finance and insurance Hotel/motel Retail trade Health and social services Manufacturing Professional, scientific and technical services Agriculture Oil and gas service Accommodation and food services Logging/forestry Wholesale trade Utilities Oil and gas production All other Total (1) Based on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. 2020 20 % 19 19 2019 20 % 18 20 8 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 8 7 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 100 % 100 % CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 35 CREDIT QUALITY Highlights of 2020 • The provision for credit losses on total loans represented 32 basis points of average loans, compared to 21 basis points last year. • As a percentage of average loans, the provision for credit losses on performing loans was 14 basis points, compared to nil last year, primarily due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. • As a percentage of average loans, the provision for credit losses on impaired loans of 18 basis points was lower compared to 21 basis points last year and our five- year average of 22 basis points. As a percentage of average loans, write-offs of 17 basis points compared to our five-year average of 23 basis points. • Gross impaired loans represented 0.85% of gross loans, compared to 0.52% last year. IMPAIRED LOANS The loan portfolio is delineated by the assignment of internal risk ratings to each borrower, which are based on assessments of key evaluation factors for the nature of the exposure, applied on a consistent basis across the portfolio. Risk ratings are updated at least annually for all loans, with the exception of personal loans and mortgages. Table 12 - Change in Gross Impaired Loans ($ thousands) Gross impaired loans, beginning of year New formations Reductions, impaired accounts paid down or returned to performing status Write-offs Total, end of year(1) Balance of the 10 largest impaired accounts Total number of accounts classified as impaired(2) Total number of accounts classified as impaired under $1 million(2) Gross impaired loans as a percentage of gross loans(3) (1) Gross impaired loans include foreclosed assets held for sale with a carrying value of $4,357 (2019 – $4,217). (2) Total number of accounts excludes CWB National Leasing. (3) Total loans do not include an allocation for credit losses or deferred revenue and premiums. (4) bp – basis point $ $ $ 2020 148,250 310,704 (153,282) (48,531) 257,141 72,311 420 365 0.85 % 2019 $ 137,872 $ $ $ 191,662 (119,018) (62,266) 148,250 52,795 330 308 0.52 % $ $ Change from 2019 $ 10,378 119,042 (34,264) % 8 % 62 29 13,735 (22) 108,891 73 % 19,516 90 57 37 27 19 33 bp(4) The dollar level of gross impaired loans at October 31, 2020 totaled $257 million, up from $148 million last year. This amount represented 0.85% of total loans compared to 0.52% last year. The level of gross impaired loans fluctuates as loans become impaired and are subsequently resolved, and does not directly reflect the dollar value of expected write-offs given tangible security held in support of lending exposures. Gross impaired loans increased across most provinces during the year. Gross impaired loans within Alberta of $105 million accounted for 41% of total impairments at year end, compared to 53% last year. Gross impairments outside of Alberta represented 0.73% of non-Alberta loans at year end, up from 0.36% last year. New formations of impaired loans totaled $311 million, compared to $192 million last year. Strong resolutions of $153 million this year, compared to $119 million last year, reflected our ongoing proactive management of the loan portfolio. We regularly review the overall loan portfolio and undertake credit decisions on a case-by-case basis to provide early identification of possible adverse trends. As we continue to actively work with our clients experiencing financial difficulty, we simultaneously triage our loan portfolio to assess evolving risk profiles, with a focus on portfolios particularly affected by the challenging economic environment, including the hospitality industry, equipment financing, oil and gas production and service businesses and real estate project loans. Our exposure within these industries is well-diversified and supported by high-quality, resilient borrowers. We continue to carefully monitor the entire loan portfolio for additional signs of weakness and work closely with borrowers experiencing financial hardship. We have expanded our Special Asset Management Unit to support our teams as we work through market disruption and economic recovery. Our strong credit risk management framework, including well-established underwriting standards, the secured nature of our lending portfolio with conservative loan-to-value ratios, and our proactive approach to working with clients through difficult periods, is further enhanced by the capabilities developed to support our final AIRB application. Our credit risk management practices have proven to be very effective, and we have a history of low write-offs as a percentage of total loans, including through periods of financial uncertainty. See the Risk Management section of this MD&A for further information. 36 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Allowances for credit losses are maintained to absorb both identified and expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. The performing loan allowance (Stage 1 and 2), which is our most significant accounting estimate, consists of ECL for losses in the portfolio that are not presently identifiable on an account-by-account basis. The allowance for impaired loans consists of the amounts required to reduce the carrying value of individually identified impaired loans to their estimated realizable value. We establish estimates through detailed analysis of both the overall quality and ultimate marketability of the security held against each impaired account. At October 31, 2020, the total allowance for credit losses of $164 million consisted of $130 million for performing loans and $34 million related to impaired loans (Stage 3). One year ago, the total allowance for credit losses of $115 million consisted of $89 million for performing loans and $26 million related to impaired loans. The change in the allowance for credit losses compared to last year, with the allowance for impaired loans split by loan portfolio, is provided in the following table. Table 13 - Allowance for Credit Losses ($ thousands) Impaired (Stage 3) Allowance General commercial loans Equipment financing and leasing Commercial mortgages Personal loans and mortgages Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans Performing (Stage 1 and 2) Allowance Total Represented by: Loans Committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit(2) Total 2020 Opening Balance Provision for Credit Losses Write-Offs, net of Recoveries(1) $ 7,030 $ 15,134 2,764 1,036 - - 25,964 89,061 25,764 12,428 10,871 1,526 (709) 675 50,555 41,217 $ (11,533) $ (17,236) (11,916) (1,733) 709 (675) (42,384) - $ 115,025 $ 91,772 $ (42,384) $ $ $ 2020 Ending Balance 21,261 10,326 1,719 829 - - 34,135 130,278 164,413 159,326 5,087 164,413 (1) Recoveries in fiscal 2020 totaled $6,147 (2019 – $3,866). (2) The performing allowance for credit losses related to committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The performing loan allowance increased from the prior year primarily due to the significant deterioration in the macroeconomic outlook reflecting the estimated economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased the conditional probability of default across our portfolios and resulted in a larger proportion of loans in Stage 2. The adverse shift in the economic forecast increased the conditional probability of default of all portfolios, but in particular our small- and medium-sized entities, hotel/motel, and oil and gas production portfolios. The forecast used in our estimation of the performing loan allowance, which was based on an average of the large Canadian banks’ macroeconomic forecasts, assumes a gradual economic recovery reflecting a phased re-opening of the economy and the estimated impact of various government and central bank stimulus programs. Housing price growth typically lags behind other economic factors, with a slight dip forecasted in 2021, followed by a resumption of growth. The oil price forecast begins at the current price with a gradual recovery following increased energy demand as the economy re-opens. Further information on the economic factors used within the estimation of the performing loan allowance can be found in Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements. The proportion of performing loans in Stage 2 at October 31, 2020 was 34%, compared to 6% last year. The performing loan allowance is estimated based on 12-month credit losses for loans in Stage 1, while loans in Stage 2 require the recognition of lifetime credit losses. At October 31, 2020, approximately 90% (2019 – 50%) of the loans in Stage 2 migrated from Stage 1 based on an increase in conditional probability of default, as estimated by our ECL models with consideration for current and forward- looking macroeconomic conditions, rather than a deterioration of borrower-specific credit quality. The average credit quality of a borrower that migrates to Stage 2 based on model-driven factors is significantly higher than a borrower who migrates to Stage 2 based on borrower-specific criteria, such as days past due or watchlist status. The relatively short duration of our loan portfolios, particularly our personal loans and mortgages, contributed to a higher proportion of performing loans in Stage 2 due to the significant near-term volatility in macroeconomic forecasts used to estimate ECL. The short duration of our portfolios also limits the impact on our allowance for credit losses when loans migrate from Stage 1 to Stage 2. Tangible security held and conservative loan-to-value ratios also softens the impact of increased probabilities of default on the estimated performing loan allowance and decreases the overall sensitivity of our allowance for credit losses to changes in forecasted economic conditions. We did not adjust our ECL models to prevent the migration of loans on payment deferral arrangements into Stage 2, or use expert credit judgment to reduce the amount of loans categorized in Stage 2 by our ECL models. The rapidly changing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on the economy, along with the government and relief stimulus, has led to evolving macroeconomic assumptions. Hindsight cannot be used, so while these evolving assumptions may result in future forecasts that differ from those used in the ECL estimation at October 31, 2020, those changes will be reflected in future periods. In estimating the performing loan allowance, we continue to supplement our modeled ECL to reflect expert credit judgments. These expert credit judgments account for the variability in the results provided by the models and consider the impact of both tail-risk events and the lagging impacts of typical credit cycles. These expert credit judgments also allow us to incorporate the estimated impact of the unprecedented levels of government stimulus and support, which cannot be modelled historically as they have not occurred in the past. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 37 PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES We have a long history of strong credit quality and low loan losses, both of which compare favourably to the Canadian banking industry. We continually analyze macroeconomic and other external factors that may affect core geographic regions and/or industries in which our clients operate. As a percentage of average loans, write- offs of 17 basis points compared to our five-year average of 23 basis points. The provision for credit losses as a percentage of average loans of 32 basis points consisted of 18 basis points related to impaired loans and 14 basis points related to performing loans. This compared to 21 basis points last year, related entirely to impaired loans. In dollar terms, the provision for credit losses of $92 million compared to $58 million last year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans of $51 million declined from $57 million last year while the provision for credit losses on performing loans of $41 million increased from a negligible amount last year. For further details on the estimation of the performing loan allowance, see the Allowance for Credit Losses section of this MD&A. Table 14 - Provision for Credit Losses (as a percentage of average loans) Provision for credit losses on total loans Provision for credit losses on impaired loans(2) Write-offs IFRS 9 2020 0.32 % 0.18 0.17 2019 0.21 % 0.21 0.23 2018 0.20 % 0.19 0.18 IAS 39(1) 2017 0.23 % 0.19 0.21 2016(3) 0.38 % 0.32 0.34 (1) Fiscal 2020 and 2019 results have been prepared in accordance with IFRS 9. Previous years have been prepared in accordance with IAS 39 and have not been restated. (2) Represents the portion of the provision for credit losses related to impaired loans. (3) Provision for credit losses and write-offs in 2016 reflected the credit performance of oil and gas production loans, including the impact of regulatory factors on the liquidity of assets securing those loans. PAYMENT DEFERRALS Throughout the market disruption during the year, we mobilized our teams under our #CWBhasyourback program to proactively reach out to our clients to provide individualized advice and support, and have provided payment deferrals to over 25% of our loan portfolio. We have been successful in working with clients to resume normal payments and the percentage of outstanding loans deferring payments decreased to 2% at October 31, 2020, and has since further declined to approximately 1%. Of the loans remaining on payment deferral, approximately three quarters are paying the interest portion of their contractual payment. On its own, the implementation of a payment deferral does not represent a significant increase in credit risk for an individual borrower that requires migration from Stage 1 to Stage 2 under IFRS 9, nor are facilities with payment deferrals considered past due or impaired. Loans under payment deferral arrangements that have migrated to Stage 2 have experienced a significant increase in credit risk, as defined by IFRS 9, primarily due to the adverse shift in economic conditions and forecasts. In assessing changes in credit risk, we continue to closely monitor the credit quality of impacted borrowers and follow sound credit risk management practices. Further details regarding the number and balance of loans provided payment relief and included within Stages 1 and 2, can be found in Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements. DEPOSITS AND FUNDING Highlights of 2020 • Continued execution of our diversified funding strategy, which provided a robust position leading into and throughout the market disruption in fiscal 2020. • Very strong branch-raised deposit growth of 20%, including 34% growth of demand and notice deposits. • Branch-raised deposits comprised 61% of total deposits at year end, compared to 55% last year. • Reduced broker deposits by 13% and decreased their proportion as a percentage of total funding to 26% of total deposits at year end, down from 32% last year. • Growth of debt capital market funding, with three senior deposit note issuances. • Growth of securitization funding to support originations of both equipment loans and leases, and residential mortgages. 38 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Table 15 - Deposits ($ thousands) Personal Business and government Capital markets Total Deposits % of Total Personal Business and government Capital markets Total Deposits % of Total Demand Notice Term 2020 Total % of Total $ 35,520 $ 6,128,753 $ 9,497,047 $ 15,661,320 57 % 949,514 4,399,327 - - 2,750,691 3,549,502 8,099,532 3,549,502 30 13 $ 985,034 $ 10,528,080 $ 15,797,240 $ 27,310,354 100 % 4 % 38 % 58 % 100 % Demand Notice Term 2019 Total % of Total $ 34,296 $ 4,452,592 $ 10,813,617 $ 15,300,505 60 % 715,875 3,420,754 - - 2,595,531 3,318,696 6,732,160 3,318,696 27 13 $ 750,171 $ 7,873,346 $ 16,727,844 $ 25,351,361 100 % 3 % 31 % 66 % 100 % We delivered strong execution against our funding diversification strategy during the year. Total deposits of $27.3 billion were up 8% ($2.0 billion). Personal deposits increased 2% ($361 million) during the year as strong performance from CWB Trust Services and Motive Financial were largely offset by lower broker deposit balances. Business and government deposits increased 20% ($1.4 billion) driven by our full-service banking branches. The proportion of deposits raised through debt capital markets was stable with last year at 13% of total deposits, with two senior deposit note issuances denominated in Canadian dollars, totaling $800 million, and one issuance of $125 million denominated in U.S. dollars. Lower-cost demand and notice deposits comprised 42% of total deposits at October 31, 2020, compared to 34% last year. Table 16 - Deposits by Source (as a percentage of total deposits at October 31) Branches Deposit brokers Capital markets Total 2020 2019 61 % 55 % 26 13 32 13 100 % 100 % References to branch-raised deposits within this MD&A include all deposits generated through our full-service banking branches, including insured deposits raised through Valiant Trust’s deposit-taking franchise, as well as deposits raised via CWB Trust Services and Motive Financial. Increasing the level of branch-raised business and personal deposits is an ongoing strategic focus for us as success in this area provides the most reliable and stable sources of funding. We have delivered seven consecutive quarters with strong sequential increases in branch-raised deposits. Relationship-based, branch-raised funding of $16.6 billon increased 20% ($2.8 billion) from last year, with very strong 34% growth of demand and notice deposits, as we leveraged our enhanced cash management tools and products to broaden our access to lower cost funding by attracting new clients both within and outside of our branch footprint. Branch-raised deposits represented 61% of total deposits at October 31, 2020, compared to 55% last year. Our banking branches contributed approximately half of the increase in branch-raised deposits from last year, CWB Trust Services contributed approximately one third and Motive Financial generated the remainder. CWB Trust Services raises deposits through notice accounts, including cash balances held in self-directed registered accounts as well as corporate trust deposits, and fixed term deposits through our branch network and broker channel. Motive Financial offers various deposit products to customers in all provinces and territories except Quebec. Deposits in Motive Financial increased 41% and surpassed $1 billion during the year, totalling $1.1 billion at October 31, 2020. During the year, we launched end-to-end digital onboarding for Motive Financial clients to allow accounts to be opened virtually with immediate ability to transact. These capabilities, which were extended to all current and prospective CWB personal banking clients in November 2020, are expected to support our funding diversification strategy. Consistent with our commercial focus, we generate a considerable portion of our branch-raised deposits from business clients that tend to hold larger balances compared to personal clients, which can increase the volatility of demand and notice deposits (see the Liquidity Management section of this MD&A). Other types of deposits are primarily sourced through a deposit broker network and debt capital markets. Deposits raised through deposit brokers are primarily insured, and the broker deposit market remains an efficient and liquid source of funding. Although these funds are subject to commissions, this cost is countered by a reduced dependence on a more extensive branch network and the benefit of generating insured fixed term retail deposits over a wide geographic base. Access to the broker market was not affected by market disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the cost of this funding channel was negatively impacted, beginning in March. Pricing in the broker deposit market has since normalized in response to policy interest rate cuts and the implementation of several facilities put in place by the Bank of Canada to support financial system liquidity. We only raise fixed term deposits through this funding channel, with terms to maturity between one and five years, and do not offer a High Interest Savings Account (HISA) product. Strong branch-raised deposit growth this year resulted in lower outstanding balances of broker-sourced deposits compared to last year. Broker deposits of $7.1 billion comprised 26% of total deposits at year end, down from $8.2 billion, or 32%, last year. We continue to invest in our securitization capabilities and utilize securitization funding through participation in lease securitization vehicles, the NHA MBS program and the Canada Mortgage Bond (CMB) program. The gross amount of securitized leases and loans was $1.7 billion, compared to $1.6 billion one year ago. The gross amount of mortgages securitized under the NHA MBS program was $1.1 billion, up from $0.8 billion one year ago. Funding from the securitization of leases, loans and mortgages totaled $1.3 billion (2019 – $0.9 billion) during the year, including $1.1 billion (2019 – $0.7 billion) of equipment leases and loans, and $0.2 billion (2019 – $0.2 billion) from participation in the CMB program. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 39 OTHER ASSETS AND OTHER LIABILITIES Other assets at October 31, 2020 totaled $846 million (2019 – $583 million). The change from last year was driven by the impact of the transition to IFRS 16, which resulted in an $85 million increase in other assets, as well as a $100 million increase in goodwill and intangible assets primarily due to the wealth acquisition. Further details related to the transition to IFRS 16 can be found in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements. Other liabilities totaled $871 million at October 31, 2020 (2019 – $713 million), with the increase from last year primarily due to the transition to IFRS 16 and an increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements. LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT Highlights of 2020 • Maintained a prudent liquidity position and conservative investment profile, including through significant market disruption related to the COVID-19 pandemic. • To broaden funding sources in light of market disruption, we, along with other Canadian banks, accessed the Bank of Canada’s Standing Term Liquidity Facility (STLF). Continued strong branch-raised deposit growth and stable liquidity enabled us to fully repay our advances under the STLF in the fourth quarter. A schedule outlining the consolidated securities portfolio at October 31, 2020 is provided in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements. A conservative liquid asset profile is maintained by ensuring: • all investments are high-quality and include government debt securities (both Canadian and U.S. government debt securities), short-term money market instruments, and other marketable securities; • specific investment criteria and procedures are in place; and, • Asset Liability Committee (ALCo) reviews and approves operational guidelines and programs for liquidity management and control, funding sources and structural interest rate risk. The Board Risk Committee annually reviews and approves these risk policies and risk appetite statements. Our comprehensive liquidity management process includes, but is not limited to, the following priorities: • maintain a pool of high-quality liquid assets; • complete comprehensive liquidity scenario stress testing; • monitor the quality of the cash and securities portfolio; • monitor liability diversification and maturity profile; • monitor deposit behaviour; • maintain access to deposit and capital market funding sources; and, • monitor microeconomic and macroeconomic factors and early warning indicators. Table 17 - Liquid Assets ($ thousands) 2020 2019 Change from 2019 Cash and non-interest bearing deposits with financial institutions $ 113,868 $ 116,963 $ Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions Cheques and other items in transit Government of Canada, provincial and municipal debt, term to maturity one year or less Government of Canada, provincial and municipal debt, term to maturity more than one year NHA mortgage-backed securities(1) Other debt securities Securities purchased (sold) under resale agreements Total Liquid Assets Total Assets Liquid Assets as a Percentage of Total Assets Total Cash and Securities Cash and Securities as a Percentage of Total Assets Total Deposit Liabilities 254,451 - 368,319 1,077,517 1,207,865 577,449 377,244 (15,114) 293,856 5,023 415,842 1,071,125 759,462 394,342 170,456 10,401 3,224,961 2,405,786 $ 3,593,280 $ 2,821,628 $ 33,937,865 $ 31,424,235 $ $ (3,095) (39,405) (5,023) (47,523) 6,392 448,403 183,107 206,788 (25,515) 819,175 771,652 2,513,630 11 % 9 % 200 bp(2) $ 3,083,021 $ 2,475,415 $ 607,606 9 % 8 % 100 bp $ 27,310,354 $ 25,351,361 $ 1,958,993 Liquid Assets as a Percentage of Total Deposit Liabilities 13 % 11 % 200 bp Includes securitized mortgages that were not transferred to third parties. These are reported in loans at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. (1) (2) bp – basis point 40 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report The composition of total liquid assets supports ongoing compliance with the OSFI Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) guideline. Liquid assets, as defined by OSFI, comprised of cash, deposits, securities purchased (sold) under resale agreements and marketable debt securities totaled $3.6 billion at October 31, 2020 (2019 – $2.8 billion). Liquid assets represented 11% (2019 – 9%) of total assets and 13% (2019 – 11%) of total deposit liabilities at year end. Our liquidity management is based on an internal stressed cash flow model, with the level of cash and securities driven primarily by the term structure of both assets and liabilities, and the liquidity structure of liabilities. We adopted the final version of Guideline B-6: Liquidity Principles (Guideline B-6), which complements the LAR guideline and sets out OSFI's expectations for how deposit-taking institutions should manage liquidity risk, on January 1, 2020 with no significant impact on our liquidity management. Consistent with our conservative risk appetite, we maintained higher levels of cash and securities in fiscal 2020 to support our strong liquidity position and manage market volatility. Higher balances of cash and securities at October 31, 2020 also reflect a regulatory capital issuance just before year end. Other key changes in the composition of liquid assets at October 31, 2020 compared to the prior year include: • maturities within one year comprise 50% (2019 – 59%); • Government of Canada, provincial and municipal debt securities and unencumbered NHA MBS comprise 80% (2019 – 78%); • cash and deposits with regulated financial institutions comprise 10% (2019 – 15%); and, • other marketable securities and securities purchased (sold) under resale agreements comprise 10% (2019 – 7%). In the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Bank of Canada put numerous facilities in place to support liquidity in the financial system, several of which are available to us, including the STLF, the Insured Mortgage Purchase Program and the Contingent Term Repo Facility. To broaden funding access in light of ongoing market disruption, we, along with numerous other Canadian banks, chose to access the STLF. Under the STLF, eligible financial institutions can raise liquidity by pledging a broad set of collateral, including mortgages. With strong branch-raised deposit growth and stability in our liquidity position, we fully repaid our $350 million advance under the STLF in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. A summary of all outstanding deposits by contractual maturity date is presented in the two following tables. Table 18 - Deposit Maturities Within One Year ($ millions) 985 10,528 8,068 19,581 15,317 Total 985 10,528 15,797 27,310 25,351 $ $ $ $ $ October 31, 2020 Demand deposits Notice deposits Deposits payable on a fixed date Total October 31, 2019 Total Table 19 - Total Deposit Maturities ($ millions) $ $ $ Within 1 Month 1 to 3 Months 3 Months Cumulative to 1 Year Within 1 Year 985 $ - $ - $ 8,840 717 10,542 8,398 $ $ 336 1,220 1,556 1,454 $ $ 1,352 6,131 7,483 5,465 October 31, 2020 Demand deposits Notice deposits Deposits payable on a fixed date Total October 31, 2019 Total $ $ Within 1 Year $ 985 $ 10,528 8,068 19,581 15,317 $ $ 1 to 2 Years - - 3,366 3,366 5,013 $ $ $ 2 to 3 Years - $ - 2,584 2,584 $ 2,242 $ 3 to 4 Years - - 1,071 1,071 1,793 $ $ $ 4 to 5 Years More than 5 Years - - 708 708 986 $ $ $ - - - - - A breakdown of deposits by source is provided in Table 16. Target limits by source have been established as part of the overall liquidity policy and are monitored regularly to ensure an acceptable level of funding diversification is maintained. We continue to develop and implement strategies to compete for branch-raised deposits, and to strengthen this channel as the core source of funding. Additional sources of liquidity include deposits raised through broker channels, issuances of senior deposit notes, subordinated debentures and preferred shares, as well as securitization activity. A summary of the subordinated debentures outstanding is presented in the following table. Table 20 - Subordinated Debentures Outstanding ($ thousands) Series F NVCC subordinated debentures Series G NVCC subordinated debentures Interest Rate(1) 3.668% 4.840% Maturity Date Reset Spread(1) Earliest Date Redeemable by CWB at Par Par Value(2) June 11, 2029 199 bp(3) June 11, 2024 $ 250,000 June 29, 2030 410.2 bp June 29, 2025 125,000 (1) The interest rate will paid until the earliest date redeemable, after which the interest rate will reset quarterly at the reset spread basis points over the then three-month Bankers’ Acceptance rate. (2) The balance reported on the consolidated balance sheet as at October 31, 2020 includes unamortized financing costs related to the issuance of subordinated debentures of $2,357 (2019 - $1,506). (3) bp – basis point In addition to deposit liabilities and subordinated debentures, we have notional debt securities related to the securitization of loans, leases and mortgages to third parties. Further details can be found in Note 8 and 15 of the consolidated financial statements. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 41 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Highlights of 2020 • Strong Basel III CET1 regulatory capital ratio of 8.8% under the Standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets. • Paid a cash dividend of $1.15 per share to common shareholders, up 6%. • Very strong Basel III leverage ratio of 8.5%, compared to the regulatory minimum of 3.0%, where a higher ratio indicates lower leverage. • Completed the issuance of $125 million Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC) subordinated debentures. • Completed the issuance of $175 million NVCC Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN), making us the first bank outside of the large Canadian banks to do so. • Redeemed all $250 million of outstanding non-NVCC subordinated debentures. • Prior to the OSFI-mandated suspension of share buyback programs on March 13, 2020, we repurchased and cancelled 179,176 common shares under the normal course issuer bid (NCIB), which terminated on September 30, 2020. • Submitted our final application to OSFI in April 2020 for transition to AIRB and continued progression towards approval, which now includes a parallel run of our tools and processes during 2021 to evaluate their operation through a period of economic stress. Subsequent Highlights • On December 3, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per common share, unchanged from the prior quarter and up 4% from the dividend declared in the same period last year. The Board also declared preferred share cash dividends of $0.2688125 per Series 5, $0.390625 per Series 7, and $0.375 per Series 9. We maintain a capital structure that both optimizes our cost of capital and supports ongoing profitable growth and strategic execution. We manage capital in accordance with policies and plans that are regularly reviewed and approved by the Board Risk Committee. Capital management takes into account forecasted capital needs with consideration of anticipated profitability, asset growth, market and economic conditions, regulatory changes, and common and preferred share dividends. The overriding goal is to remain well-capitalized in order to protect depositors, and provide capacity for internally generated growth and strategic opportunities that do not otherwise require accessing the capital markets, all while providing a satisfactory return for common shareholders. We have established target capital levels, which are informed by our ICAAP and stress tests, that are deemed prudent to effectively manage risks, including potential capital shocks from unexpected macroeconomic and/or CWB-specific events. Given the uncertainty of the economic outlook, we performed additional stress testing in fiscal 2020, using our AIRB and IFRS 9 models to simulate the impacts of a more severe and prolonged period of challenging economic conditions throughout our geographic footprint. Considering the results of these stress tests and the uncertain economic outlook, we remain confident in our ability to deliver positive earnings for shareholders while we maintain financial stability, our current dividend, and a strong capital position. During the year, we issued $125 million of NVCC subordinated debentures and redeemed $250 million of non-NVCC subordinated debentures. We also completed our inaugural $175 million NVCC LRCN issuance, making us the first bank outside of the large Canadian banks to do so. The LRCN have a preferential tax treatment for the issuer compared to other sources of Tier 1 capital, which lowers our overall cost of capital. Notes 15 and 16 of the consolidated financial statements provide details related to the conversion features of our NVCC capital instruments. Prior to the OSFI-mandated suspension of share buyback programs, we repurchased and cancelled 179,176 common shares on the open market at a weighted average price of $28.70 per common share under the NCIB, which terminated on September 30, 2020. During the year we invested 30 basis points of regulatory capital in the strategic acquisition of the businesses of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates to enhance our ability to provide a full suite of wealth management services with an extended geographic footprint and support our continued growth of strong client relationships across the country. We provide a share incentive plan to officers and employees who are in a position to materially impact the longer-term financial success of the organization, as measured by overall profitability, earnings growth, share price appreciation and dividends. Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements provides details related to the number of options outstanding, the weighted average exercise price and the amounts exercisable at year end. Holders of CWB common shares and all series of preferred shares are deemed eligible by the Board and offered the choice to direct cash dividends paid toward the purchase of common shares through a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP). Further details regarding CWB’s DRIP are available at www.cwb.com/investor-relations. We complied with all internal and external capital requirements in 2020. AIRB TRANSITION PLAN Our AIRB transition project is comprised of several discrete phases, including: establishment of formalized project governance; creation of models including data collection, development and testing, deployment, operationalization and use test; model validation; and, submission of the final application to OSFI. We submitted our final application to OSFI in April 2020. Our application will now include a parallel run of our AIRB tools and processes to evaluate their operation through this period of economic volatility. The timeline for approval is extended, compared to our original expectation of the end of fiscal 2020. We expect to complete our parallel run in 2021, followed by finalization of OSFI’s review. We are actively using the majority of our AIRB tools to manage credit risk, including comprehensive stress testing, risk quantification processes, ICAAP and ECL. These improved risk management capabilities better equip us to manage through economic downturns and allocate resources to target business segments that generate the most attractive risk-adjusted returns. Transition to the AIRB approach for regulatory capital purposes will put us on more equal footing with our competition and increase our addressable market. Approval of our application is expected to boost our capital ratios, as risk-weighted assets will be calculated using more risk-sensitive models, add risk sensitivity to our framework for capital management and improve risk-based pricing capabilities and economic capital estimations. 42 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report BASEL III CAPITAL ADEQUACY ACCORD OSFI requires Canadian financial institutions to manage and report regulatory capital in accordance with the Basel III capital management framework. We currently report regulatory capital ratios using the Standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets, which requires us to carry significantly more capital for certain credit exposures compared to requirements under the AIRB methodology. For this reason, regulatory capital ratios of banks that utilize the Standardized approach are not directly comparable with the large Canadian banks and other financial institutions that utilize the AIRB methodology. Our required minimum regulatory capital ratios, including a 250 basis point capital conservation buffer, are 7.0% common equity Tier 1 (CET1), 8.5% Tier 1 and 10.5% Total capital. REGULATORY RESPONSE TO COVID-19 Beginning in March, OSFI introduced temporary measures to support the economy and maintain financial system resiliency in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those most applicable to CWB include: • OSFI introduced transitional arrangements related to the capital treatment of performing loan allowances, resulting in a portion of the allowance that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital to be included in CET1 capital. Subject to a scaling factor, the after-tax increase in performing loan allowances between the current quarter end and January 31, 2020 will be included in CET1 capital. The scaling factor is 70% for fiscal 2020, 50% for fiscal 2021 and 25% for fiscal 2022. At October 31, 2020, this transitional arrangement resulted in a $21 million increase to CET1 and Tier 1 capital and an approximate 10 basis point increase in the CET1 and Tier 1 ratios. • For the leverage ratio, central bank reserves and sovereign-issued securities that qualify as High Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the LAR guideline can be temporarily excluded from the exposure measure until December 31, 2021. This change improved our leverage ratio by approximately 10 basis points at October 31, 2020. • OSFI encourages banks to use their leverage ratio buffers that are held above the authorized leverage ratio of the bank and will permit HQLA to fall below the 100% level in the LAR guideline. These buffers are held in normal times to help ensure that an institution has additional flexibility in times of stress. • OSFI advised that it is acceptable for deposit-taking institutions, including those using the Standardized approach to credit risk, to utilize Pillar II capital buffers. In assessing the appropriateness of capital management actions in the current environment, deposit-taking institutions must consider appropriate capital conservation actions, capital restoration plans, and stress testing information, while ensuring that prudent actions to protect depositors and other creditors are undertaken. • The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) finalized Basel III reforms in fiscal 2017, mainly intended to reduce the variability in capital levels and to address a number of weaknesses in the existing capital framework. During the year, the BCSB delayed the implementation of Basel III reforms to January 2023, from the original effective date of January 2022. In line with this extension, OSFI’s domestic implementation date for the Basel III reforms is now also scheduled for January 2023. Consultation on the domestic implementation of Basel III reforms, and Pillar III disclosures, will re-commence in fiscal 2021. • During fiscal 2019, OSFI released a discussion paper titled Advancing Proportionality: Tailoring Capital and Liquidity Requirements for Small and Medium-Sized Deposit Taking Institutions and completed an initial public consultation process on the discussion paper. OSFI released a second document in January 2020 to provide stakeholders with an overview of initial feedback received along with updated proposals. The second consultation process was delayed and the implementation deferred to January 2023. The consultation process will re-commence in fiscal 2021. • OSFI mandated that federally-regulated financial institutions halt dividend increases and suspend the use of share buyback programs until further notice to support the economy and maintenance of strong capital positions. • Following a temporary delay in fiscal 2020, OSFI has also restarted the exploration of the implications of the Expected Credit Loss Accounting Framework and its interaction with regulatory capital. • The implementation of the new benchmark rate announced by the Department of Finance Canada to determine whether borrowers qualify for insured mortgages and OSFI’s related consultation process to consider using the same methodology for uninsured mortgages have been suspended until further notice. REGULATORY CAPITAL AND CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIOS With strong capital ratios of 8.8% CET1, 10.9% Tier 1 and 12.6% Total capital, we are well-positioned to create value for shareholders and support our clients. Our Basel III leverage ratio of 8.5% was very strong compared to the regulatory minimum of 3.0%, where a higher ratio indicates lower leverage. Table 21 - Capital Structure and Regulatory Ratios at Year End ($ thousands) Regulatory Capital, Net of Deductions Common equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Total Capital Ratios Common equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Total Leverage Ratio (1) bp – basis point 2020 2019 $ 2,371,753 $ 2,302,551 $ 2,936,845 3,418,997 2,692,714 3,232,807 Change from 2019 69,202 244,131 186,190 8.8 % 9.1 % (30) bp(1) 10.9 12.6 8.5 10.7 12.8 8.3 20 (20) 20 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 43 Our CET1 capital ratio remains strong at 8.8%. The 30 basis point reduction from last year primarily reflected earnings net of dividends more than offset by the combined impact of strong risk-weighted asset growth, the wealth acquisition and the IFRS 16 transitional adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Tier 1 capital ratio increased 20 basis points, primarily due to the benefit of the $175 million LRCN issuance, which qualifies as a Tier 1 capital, partially offset by the items noted above. The Total capital ratio decreased 20 basis points primarily due to items noted above and the redemption of $250 million Non-NVCC subordinated debentures, which largely offset the positive impacts of two regulatory capital issuances this year. Table 22 - Regulatory Capital ($ thousands) Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Instruments and Reserves Directly issued qualifying common share capital plus related share-based payment reserve Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income and other reserves(1) Common equity Tier 1 capital before regulatory adjustments Regulatory adjustments to Common equity Tier 1(2) Common equity Tier 1 capital Additional Tier 1 Capital Instruments Directly issued capital instruments qualifying as Additional Tier 1 instruments Additional Tier 1 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties Additional Tier 1 capital Tier 1 capital Tier 2 Capital Instruments and Allowances Directly issued capital instruments Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase out from Tier 2(3) General allowance for credit losses(4) Tier 2 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties Tier 2 capital before regulatory adjustments Total capital $ 2020 2019 $ 756,595 1,907,739 6,198 2,670,532 (298,779) 2,371,753 565,000 92 565,092 756,279 1,785,273 (8,600) 2,532,952 (230,401) 2,302,551 390,000 163 390,163 2,936,845 2,692,714 372,643 - 109,487 22 482,152 248,494 202,500 89,061 38 540,093 $ 3,418,997 $ 3,232,807 (1) Excludes accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. (2) CET1 deductions include goodwill and intangible assets, non-significant investments in financial institutions above a specific percentage of CET1 capital and transitional arrangements related to the capital treatment of the performing loan allowance, net of related tax. (3) At October 31, 2019, $48 million was excluded from Total regulatory capital related to the Basel III transitional adjustments on non-NVCC subordinated debentures. With the redemption of $250 million of non-NVCC subordinated debentures during fiscal 2020, all outstanding capital instruments now qualify for full inclusion in regulatory capital. In fiscal 2020, excludes the portion of the performing loan allowance that is included in CET1 capital under transitional arrangements. (4) Cash, Securities and Resale Agreements Loans Other Items $ 213,519 2,252,636 463,739 160,064 $ 19,009,102 3,469 1,367 6,176,216 $ $ - - - - - - 1,993 - - - - - 175,449 3,148,316 - 469,969 - 168,929 - 227,411 $ $ 3,091,951 $ 29,380,228 2,457,173 $ 27,650,041 $ $ - - - - 122,919 - 7,661 758,058 888,638 673,811 $ Total 19,222,621 2,256,105 465,106 6,336,280 175,449 3,148,316 1,993 469,969 122,919 168,929 7,661 985,469 Risk- Weighted Assets 19,005,971 24,659 84,097 1,770,282 119,209 2,400,718 1,993 466,870 1,536,482 1,046,975 2,718 583,708 $ $ 33,360,817 $ 27,043,682 30,781,025 $ 25,202,293 Table 23 - Risk-Weighted Assets ($ thousands) Corporate Sovereign Bank Retail residential mortgages Other retail Excluding small business entities Small business entities Equity Undrawn commitments Operational risk Securitization risk Derivative exposures Other As at October 31, 2020 As at October 31, 2019 44 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Table 24 - Risk-Weighting Category ($ thousands) Corporate Sovereign Bank Retail residential mortgages Other retail Excluding small business entities Small business entities Equity Undrawn commitments Operational risk Securitization risk Derivative exposures Other 0% 20% 35% $ 107,590 $ 2,149,440 50,085 1,418,186 219,964 $ 95,577 413,654 - - $ - - 4,817,528 50% - $ 11,088 - - 75% 100% - $ 18,761,243 $ - - 71,000 - 1,367 26,905 150% and greater Balance Weighted 133,824 $ 19,222,621 $ 19,005,971 24,659 84,097 1,770,282 2,256,105 465,106 6,336,280 - - 2,661 16,357 16,201 - - - - - 463,414 303 1,257 - - - - 7,558 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 158,714 3,014,392 - 13,600 - - 7 51,711 - 70,052 1,993 455,767 - - - 420,617 75 46,414 - 602 122,919 168,929 96 49,722 175,449 3,148,316 1,993 469,969 122,919 168,929 7,661 985,469 119,209 2,400,718 1,993 466,870 1,536,482 1,046,975 2,718 583,708 As at October 31, 2020 $ 4,221,273 $ 738,318 $ 4,817,528 $ 11,088 $ 3,309,424 $ 19,737,944 $ 525,242 $ 33,360,817 $ 27,043,682 As at October 31, 2019 $ 3,336,381 $ 538,458 $ 4,641,167 $ 10,065 $ 3,438,953 $ 18,407,366 $ 408,635 $ 30,781,025 $ 25,202,293 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS Financial assets include cash resources, securities, securities purchased under resale agreements, loans, derivative financial instruments and certain other assets. Financial liabilities include deposits, securities sold under repurchase agreements, derivative financial instruments, debt and certain other liabilities. The use of financial instruments exposes CWB to credit, liquidity and market risk. A discussion of how these are managed can be found in the Risk Management section of this MD&A. Further information on how the fair value of financial instruments is determined is included in the Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value discussion in the Accounting Policies and Estimates section of this MD&A. Income and expenses are classified as to source, either securities or loans for income, and deposits or debt for expense. Gains (losses) on the sale of securities and fair value changes in certain derivatives are classified to non-interest income. Contingent consideration fair value changes are classified as acquisition-related fair value changes in the consolidated statements of income. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS More detailed information on the nature of derivative financial instruments is shown in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. The notional amounts of derivative financial instruments are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. Table 25 - Derivative Financial Instruments ($ thousands) Notional Amounts Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges(1) Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges(2) Foreign exchange contracts not designated as accounting hedges(3) Equity swaps designated as cash flow hedges(4) Equity swaps not designated as accounting hedges(5) Bond forwards designated as cash flow hedges Total 2020 2019 $ $ 4,458,000 335,825 120,840 20,470 6,184 - 6,828,000 39,746 270,913 19,268 5,319 20,000 $ 4,941,319 $ 7,183,246 (1) CWB receives interest at a fixed contractual rate and pays interest on the one-month (30-day) Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate. Interest rate swaps designated as accounting cash flow hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between November 2020 and January 2025. Interest rate swaps designated as accounting fair value hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between June 2022 and December 2024. (2) (3) Foreign exchange contracts outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between November 2020 and February 2021. (4) Equity swaps designated as accounting hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between June 2021 and June 2023. (5) Equity swaps not designated as accounting hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature in June 2021. The active use of interest rate contracts remains an integral component to manage the interest rate gap position. Derivative financial instruments are entered into only for CWB’s own account. We do not act as an intermediary in derivatives markets. Transactions are entered into on the basis of industry standard contracts with approved counterparties subject to periodic and at least annual review, including an assessment of the credit worthiness of the counterparty. As part of our structural Market Risk Policy the use of derivative financial instruments are approved, reviewed and monitored on a regular basis by ALCo, and are reviewed and approved by the Board Risk Committee no less than annually. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 45 OFF-BALANCE SHEET Off-balance sheet items include assets under management, advisement and administration. Table 26 - Off-balance sheet items ($ thousands) Wealth management Assets under management Assets under advisement and administration Assets under administration - other(1) 2020 2019 $ 6,229,674 $ 2,099,569 2,224,839 361,900 11,081,581 8,936,845 (1) Comprised of trust assets under administration, third-party leases under administration and loans under service agreements. Wealth management assets under management, advisement and administration, including the wealth acquisition, were $8.5 billion at year end (2019 – $2.5 billion). The wealth acquisition contributed $5.8 billion to assets under management and administration at the June 1, 2020 acquisition date. Other assets under administration totaled $11.1 billion at October 31, 2020 (2019 – $8.9 billion). The increase from last year reflected CWB Trust Services growth. Other off-balance sheet items are comprised of standard industry credit instruments (guarantees, standby letters of credit and commitments to extend credit). We do not utilize, nor do we have exposure to, collateralized debt obligations or credit default swaps. For additional information regarding other off-balance sheet items refer to Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements. SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS AND FOURTH QUARTER QUARTERLY RESULTS The financial results for each of the last eight quarters are summarized in Table 27. In general, our performance reflects a consistent growth trend, although the second quarter contains three fewer revenue-earning days and two fewer days during leap years, such as 2020. Among other things, quarterly results can also fluctuate from the recognition of periodic income tax items. The financial results beginning in the second quarter of 2020 were adversely impacted primarily by the emergence of COVID-19 and related market disruption. For further details, see the Impact of COVID-19 and our Response section of this MD&A. Detailed MD&A along with unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for each quarter, except for the fourth quarters, are available for review on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on our website at www.cwb.com. Copies of the quarterly reports to shareholders can also be obtained, free of charge, by contacting InvestorRelations@cwbank.com. Table 27 - Quarterly Financial Highlights(1) ($ thousands, except per share amounts) Results from Operations Net interest income Non-interest income Total revenue Pre-tax, pre-provision income Common shareholders' net income Earnings per share Basic Diluted Adjusted 2020 2019 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 $ 206,640 $ 200,773 $ 190,988 $ 201,010 $ 201,439 $ 199,746 $ 191,057 $ 193,342 29,935 236,575 116,267 63,380 0.73 0.73 0.75 25,711 226,484 119,949 62,252 0.71 0.71 0.74 23,376 214,364 113,314 51,381 0.59 0.59 0.60 18,962 219,972 119,788 71,943 0.82 0.82 0.83 19,414 220,853 114,390 67,512 0.77 0.77 0.78 18,738 218,484 116,975 70,964 0.81 0.81 0.82 18,771 209,828 111,692 61,965 0.71 0.71 0.74 19,097 212,439 118,073 66,499 0.75 0.75 0.80 Return on common shareholders' equity 9.2 % 9.1 % 7.9 % 11.2 % 10.6 % 11.3 % 10.5 % 11.1 % Adjusted return on common shareholders' equity Return on assets Net interest margin Efficiency ratio(2) Operating leverage(3) Provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans(4) Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average loans(4) 9.5 0.75 2.45 50.9 (5.9) 0.26 0.10 9.4 0.75 2.40 47.0 (1.3) 0.33 0.22 8.0 0.65 2.40 47.1 (0.8) 0.49 0.22 11.3 0.91 2.54 45.5 (2.6) 0.18 0.15 10.7 0.86 2.55 48.2 (3.4) 0.19 0.18 11.4 0.92 2.60 46.5 (1.1) 0.19 0.22 11.0 0.85 2.63 46.8 (3.1) 0.23 0.22 11.9 0.90 2.61 44.4 0.4 0.24 0.22 (1) (2) (3) (4) See page 20 for a discussion of non-IFRS measures. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our efficiency ratio would have been 49.2% and 45.7% and for the fourth and third quarter of fiscal 2020, respectively. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, our operating leverage ratio would have been negative 2.2% and positive 1.7% for the fourth and third quarter of fiscal 2020, respectively. Includes provisions for credit losses on loans, committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit. 46 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report FOURTH QUARTER OF 2020 Q4 2020 VS. Q4 2019 Common shareholders’ net income of $63 million and diluted earnings per common share of $0.73 each declined 6% and 5%, respectively. Adjusted common shareholders’ net income of $65 million and adjusted earnings per common share of $0.75 each declined 4%. Pre-tax, pre-provision income of $116 million was up 2%. Total revenue of $237 million grew 7%, due to a 54% increase in non-interest income combined with a 3% increase in net interest income. Higher non-interest income reflected the contribution of the wealth acquisition and net gains on securities as a result of re-balancing of our cash and securities portfolio in light of market volatility. Net interest income increased as the benefit of 6% loan growth was partially offset by a 10 basis point reduction in net interest margin. The 26 basis point provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans was seven basis points higher due to an increase in the estimated performing loan allowance related to an adverse shift in forward-looking economic conditions partially offset by a decline in the provision for credit losses on impaired loans, which is determined on a case-by-case basis for each account. Non-interest expenses increased 14% as the impact of the wealth acquisition, costs incurred related to organizational redesign initiatives, and continued investment in our teams and technology to support overall business growth were partially offset by reduced spending on certain expenses in light of the current operating environment. Excluding the wealth acquisition and $4 million of non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives, non-interest expense growth was 2%. Q4 2020 VS. Q3 2020 Common shareholders’ net income and diluted earnings per common share each increased 2% and 3%, respectively. Adjusted common shareholders’ net income and adjusted earnings per common share each increased 1%. Pre-tax, pre-provision income was down 3%. Total revenue increased 4%, due to 3% higher net interest income, combined with a 16% increase in non-interest income related to the full quarter contribution of the wealth acquisition and higher credit-related fees, partially offset by lower net gains on securities. Net interest income benefited from a five basis point improvement in net interest margin and 2% loan growth during the fourth quarter. Our provision for credit losses on total loans as a percentage of average loans of 26 basis points was seven basis points below last quarter as a lower provision on impaired loans was partially offset by an increase in the provision on performing loans primarily due to the continued evolution of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-interest expenses increased 12%. Excluding the wealth acquisition and non-recurring costs related to organizational redesign initiatives, non-interest expenses were up 7% primarily due to the customary seasonal increase in certain costs combined with continued investment in technology to support overall business growth. ADJUSTED ROE AND ROA Compared to last year, the fourth quarter ROE of 9.2% was 140 basis points lower and adjusted ROE of 9.5%, which removes the impact of one-time acquisition and integration costs as well as amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, fell 120 basis points due to higher average common shareholders’ equity combined with lower earnings. Fourth quarter ROE and adjusted ROE were consistent with last quarter. The fourth quarter ROA of 0.75% was 11 basis points below last year, due to higher average assets and lower earnings, and consistent with last quarter. EFFICIENCY RATIO The fourth quarter efficiency ratio of 50.9%, which measures adjusted non-interest expenses divided by total revenue, compared to 48.2% in the same period last year and 47.0% in the previous quarter. Excluding the impact of the wealth acquisition, the fourth quarter efficiency ratio was 49.2% and 45.7% in the previous quarter. Compared to last year and last quarter, revenue growth was outpaced by growth of non-interest expenses, mainly reflecting continued investment in strategic execution. ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES CWB’s significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements with related financial note disclosures by major caption. The policies discussed below are considered particularly important, as they require management to make significant estimates or judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES An allowance for credit losses is maintained to absorb ECL for both performing assets and impaired assets based on management’s estimate at the balance sheet date and forward-looking information. Under IFRS 9, the allowance for credit losses related to performing and impaired assets is estimated using an ECL approach that represents the discounted probability-weighted estimate of cash shortfalls expected to result from defaults over the relevant time horizon. To do this, the ECL approach incorporates a number of underlying assumptions which involve a high degree of management judgment and can have a significant impact on financial results. Significant key drivers impacting the estimation of ECL, which are interrelated, include: • changes in internal risk ratings attributable to a borrower or instrument reflecting changes in credit quality; • thresholds used to determine when a borrower has experienced a significant increase in credit risk; and, • changes in forward-looking information, specifically related to variables to which the ECL models are calibrated. The inputs and models used to estimate ECL may not always capture all emerging market conditions and as such, qualitative adjustments based on expert credit judgments that consider reasonable and supportable information may be incorporated. These expert credit judgments account for the variability in the results provided by the models and consider the impact of both tail-risk events and the lagging impacts of typical credit cycles. These expert credit judgments also allow us to incorporate the estimated impact of current unprecedented levels of government stimulus and support, which cannot be modelled historically as they have not occurred in the past. Changes in circumstances may cause future assessments of credit risk to be significantly different than current assessments and may require an increase or decrease in the allowance for credit losses. Establishing a range for the allowance for credit losses is difficult due to the number of uncertainties involved. At October 31, 2020, our total allowance for credit losses was $164 million (2019 – $115 million), which includes an estimated allowance related to performing assets of $130 million (2019 – $89 million) and an allowance for credit losses related to impaired assets of $34 million (2019 – $26 million). Additional information on the process and methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses can be found in the discussions of Credit Quality section of this MD&A and in Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 47 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE Cash resources, securities, and derivative financial instruments are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. We categorize our fair value measurements of financial instruments according to a three-level hierarchy. Level 1 fair value measurements reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that can be accessed at the measurement date. Level 2 fair value measurements were estimated using observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, and model inputs that are either observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 fair value measurements were determined using one or more inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available at the measurement date. The following table summarizes the significant financial assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Notes 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 24 and 26 of the consolidated financial statements provide additional information regarding these financial instruments. Table 28 - Valuation of Financial Instruments ($ thousands) As at October 31, 2020 Financial Assets Cash resources Securities Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities Deposits Securities sold under repurchase agreements Debt Derivatives Total Financial Liabilities As at October 31, 2019 Financial Assets Cash resources Securities Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities Deposits Securities sold under repurchase agreements Debt Derivatives Total Financial Liabilities Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Valuation Technique $ $ 368,319 2,664,618 50,084 30,541,660 96,615 $ 134,385 561,868 - - - 233,934 2,102,750 50,084 - 96,615 $ - - - 30,541,660 - $ 33,721,296 $ 696,253 $ 2,483,383 $ 30,541,660 $ $ 27,738,072 65,198 2,483,015 6,285 $ 30,292,570 $ - - - - - $ $ 27,738,072 65,198 2,483,015 6,285 $ 30,292,570 $ Valuation Technique - - - - - Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ $ 415,842 2,019,207 40,366 28,478,436 47,815 $ 139,876 141,070 - - - 275,966 1,878,137 40,366 - 47,815 $ - - - 28,478,436 - $ 31,001,666 $ 280,946 $ 2,242,284 $ 28,478,436 $ $ 25,544,270 29,965 2,444,034 14,016 $ 28,032,285 $ - - - - - $ $ 25,544,270 29,965 2,444,034 14,016 $ 28,032,285 $ - - - - - CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION IFRS 16 LEASES CWB adopted IFRS 16, which replaces IAS 17, for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2019. As permitted by IFRS 16, we have not restated prior period comparative figures and have recognized an adjustment to opening retained earnings to reflect the application of the new requirements at the adoption date. The recognition of right-of-use assets within property and equipment and lease liabilities within other liabilities was the most significant change as a result of adopting IFRS 16. Under IFRS 16, interest expense on lease liabilities is recorded using the effective interest rate method and presented within interest expense in the consolidated statements of income over the remaining lease term. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 16, our leases were classified as operating leases and were not capitalized. Total costs, including free rent periods and step rent increases, were expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term within premises and equipment in the consolidated statements of income. For further details, refer to Notes 1 and 9 of the consolidated financial statements. 48 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report FUTURE CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES A number of standards and amendments have been issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and the following changes may have an impact on our future financial statements. INTEREST RATE BENCHMARK REFORM In September 2019, the IASB issued Phase 1 amendments to hedge accounting requirements in IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures which address the possible effects of uncertainties created by Inter-bank Offered Rate (IBOR) reform. The amendments are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We have not early adopted the revised standards and determined there will be no significant impact upon adoption. In August 2020, the IASB finalized its Phase 2 response to the ongoing IBOR and other interest rate benchmark reform by issuing a package of amendments to IFRS standards which focus on accounting and disclosure matters that will arise once an existing benchmark is replaced with an alternative benchmark rate. The amendments provide practical expedients if contract modifications result directly from IBOR reform and occur on an economic equivalent basis. In these cases, changes may be accounted for by updating the effective interest rate. Further, existing hedging relationships are not required to be discontinued if changes in hedge documentation are required solely by IBOR reform. The amendments are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2021 with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of assessing the impact of these amendments. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING In March 2018, the IASB issued a revised version of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting which assists the IASB in developing IFRS standards and serves as an accounting policy guide when no IFRS standard applies. The amendments provide revised definitions and recognition criteria for assets and liabilities, and guidance on different measurement bases. The IASB also issued amendments to IFRS standards to refer to the revised framework. The revisions are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2020. We have assessed the revised framework and determined there will be no significant impact upon adoption. RISK MANAGEMENT The shaded areas of this section represent a discussion of risk management policies and procedures relating to credit, market and liquidity risks as required under IFRS, which permits these specific disclosures to be included in the MD&A. The shaded areas presented on pages 49 to 61 form an integral part of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2020. The emergence of COVID-19 and the potential for prolonged adverse general business and economic conditions combined with a very low interest rate environment has elevated certain risk factors that may impact our financial results. Significant risk impacts arising from ongoing market disruption are further described in the Impact of COVID-19 and our Response section of this MD&A, which also forms an integral part of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2020. OUR APPROACH TO RISK MANAGEMENT We maintain an integrated and disciplined approach to risk management. Effective risk management supports the creation of long-term shareholder value by providing a framework to optimize capital management and risk-adjusted capital returns. Our risk management framework, which is developed and maintained by our Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) group, encompasses risk culture, risk governance, risk appetite, risk policies, and risk management processes. The framework also provides independent review and oversight across the enterprise on risk-related issues. Our risk management framework guides us in prudent and measured risk-taking aligned with our strategic objectives, which include an effective balance of risk and reward. To achieve our vision to be the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada requires continuous consideration, understanding and responsible management of all key risks at both the strategic and operational levels. This requires that each team member make common-sense business decisions by assessing risk and reward trade-offs considering our strategic objectives and risk appetite, along with regulatory and legal requirements. We consciously accept risks to create long-term value for stakeholders and support the responsible and efficient delivery of products and services to valued clients, provided those risks: • are aligned with our strategic objectives; • are thoroughly understood, measured and managed within the confines of well-communicated risk tolerances, including the highest ethical standards; and, • serve the interests of stakeholders, including our clients, investors, people, creditors, regulators and communities. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 49 Highlights of 2020 During fiscal 2020, we prudently managed the evolving risks associated with market disruption following the emergence of COVID-19 within our existing framework and maintained strong capital and liquidity positions. We also implemented further enhancements to CWB’s Risk Management Framework as part of the ongoing maturation of our risk management processes. Key initiatives included: • Made significant progress on our multi-year project in support of our transition to the AIRB approach for capital and risk management and submitted our final application to OSFI in April 2020. We actively used the majority of our AIRB tools to manage credit risk, including risk quantification processes, completion of our Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and to assist in estimating ECL to help us prudently manage through the current period of economic volatility; • Given the uncertainty of the current economic outlook, we leveraged our AIRB and IFRS 9 models to perform enhanced stress tests covering a variety of macroeconomic scenarios to support our assessment of the adequacy of our capital and resiliency of our earnings; • Continued to enhance risk analytics, economic forecasting, and portfolio and systematic risk management capabilities; • Expanded our Special Asset Management Unit, a specialized team that proactively works with clients experiencing financial difficulty, in anticipation of an elevated level of impaired loans emerging as a result of the challenging economic conditions; • Further matured our three lines of defence, including progress on the implementation of an advanced operational risk management framework, continued development of our data governance framework and introduction of risk management frameworks related to third party risk, anti-bribery and corruption; • Continued to enhance our cyber security risk management program and controls and worked diligently to ensure that all of our team members have uninterrupted access to required technology and infrastructure through our secure platforms while working remotely; • Facilitated our inaugural, confidential, enterprise-wide Risk Culture survey; and, • Commenced a process with senior management and directors to explore the potential impact on our business of climate change risk. Outlook for Risk Management We will continue to support enhanced risk management capabilities through further development of ERM and risk appetite frameworks, and related risk policies. Key risk management priorities for 2021 include: • Completion of a parallel run of our AIRB tools and processes to evaluate their operation through this period of economic volatility in support of OSFI’s final review of our application; • Utilization of our AIRB tools, including economic capital analysis, to establish lending portfolio limits to achieve further portfolio diversification with an enhanced view of risk; and, • Continued progress on our multi-year project in support of the implementation of an enhanced cyber-security risk management program. RISK MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW We design risk management processes to complement CWB’s overall size, level of complexity, risk profile and philosophy regarding risk. Our risk management philosophy emphasizes risk measurement, sound controls, effective governance, transparency and accountability. Selective choice and management of acceptable risks remains integral to our ability to grow profitably in both favourable and adverse market conditions. A strong risk culture continues to be a cornerstone of our approach to risk management. As with all financial institutions, we are in the business of managing risk and are therefore exposed to various risk factors that could adversely affect our operating environment, financial condition and financial performance. We believe the following factors help to mitigate our overall risk profile: • Secured lending portfolio, with no significant exposure to economically sensitive, unsecured retail lending portfolios; • Low average duration of lending portfolios; • Disciplined underwriting with demonstrated strength through multiple credit cycles; • No trading book; • Relatively small number of clients, which facilitates more in-depth knowledge of our clients and their businesses; and, • Very low balance sheet leverage. We have demonstrated our ability to effectively manage risks, including through periods of financial uncertainty, with conservative management practices based on a strong risk culture and a disciplined risk management approach; however, not all risks are within our direct control. A description of key internal and external risk factors we consider is included in this risk management discussion. We actively evaluate existing and potential risks to develop, implement and continually enhance appropriate risk mitigation strategies. 50 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report RISK MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES Our risk management principles are based on the premise that we are in the business of accepting risks for appropriate return. We do not seek to eliminate financial risk, but seek to manage risk appropriately and optimize risk-adjusted returns on capital. In conducting our business activities, we will take financial risks that are aligned with our strategic objectives in a manner expected to create sustainable, long-term value for shareholders and other stakeholders. Our risk management principles are therefore aligned with our strategic objectives, and embedded within our management practices. The following principles guide the management of risks across all of our operations: • Ongoing commitment to a three lines of defence risk governance framework with independent oversight and effective challenge from the second line, and an independent and effective Internal Audit function comprising the third line; • A commitment to utilize AIRB capabilities for management of systematic risk, capital and risk return optimization, stress testing and balance sheet optimization; • An effective balance of risk and reward through alignment of business strategy with risk appetite, diversifying risk, pricing appropriately for risk, and mitigating risk through sound preventative and detection controls; • An enterprise-wide view of risk and the acceptance of risks required to build the business with continuous consideration for how those risks may affect CWB’s reputation; • A risk culture in which every employee is accountable to understand and manage the risks inherent in their day-to-day activities, including identification of risk exposures, with communication and escalation of risk-based concerns; • Use of common sense, sound judgment and fulsome risk-based discussions; and, • Recognition that “knowing your client” reduces risks by ensuring the services provided are suitable for, and understood by, our clients. The mandate of our ERM function is to provide independent oversight of risk-taking decisions, independent assessment of risk and effective challenge to the business. ERM establishes the enterprise-wide risk management framework to identify, measure, aggregate and report all material risks managed by the first line within our three lines of defence framework. This includes oversight of risk governance policies, establishment of risk appetites and key risk metrics, and development of risk infrastructure, including all risk management processes and practices. Independent of the business, ERM measures and reports risk exposures against risk appetite limits for all risk types. RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK The primary goal of risk management is to ensure that the outcomes of risk-taking are consistent with our overall risk appetite, our balanced growth strategic objectives, and related business activities. The ERM framework provides the foundation for achieving this goal. We utilize the ISO 31000 Standard for Risk Management as a comprehensive framework to help ensure risk is managed effectively and efficiently. Figure 4 - Risk Management Framework CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 51 RISK CULTURE A strong risk culture emphasizes transparency and accountability. Organizations with a strong risk culture have a consistent and repeatable approach to risk management when making key business decisions, including regular discussions of risk and reviews of risk scenarios that can help management and the Board understand the interrelationships and potential impacts of risks. Our risk culture is the core of the ERM framework, including risk management principles, values and accountabilities as defined within a three lines of defence framework. Key elements of our risk management framework include Risk Governance, the Risk Universe, Risk Management Policies, and Risk Appetite Framework. Our strong risk culture starts with an appropriate ‘tone at the top’ that demonstrates and sends consistent and clear messages throughout the organization. Our risk culture is demonstrated throughout CWB and is emphasized by the actions of senior management and the Board. Our risk culture includes: • An established Code of Conduct and governance processes, including a periodic, confidential enterprise-wide Risk Culture survey; • CWB’s core values, especially our value of The How Matters, which recognizes that how we do things is as important as what we do, and that we always act with integrity, and balance risk and reward; • Effective integration of our compensation strategy with desired risk behaviours; • Risk management principles, policies and processes, including implementation of a three lines of defence framework; • An environment where the first, second and third lines can freely raise and escalate risk issues and concerns, issues are discussed diligently, and acted upon appropriately; and, • Zero tolerance for inappropriate risk taking in violation of core values, risk appetite and reputational risk management principles. Our three lines of defence framework provides a consistent, transparent, and clearly documented allocation of accountability and segregation of functional responsibilities. This segregation of responsibilities helps to establish a robust control framework that demonstrates our risk culture, contributes to effective risk management, and encourages continuous improvement of risk management practices. Our three lines of defence framework is described in Table 29. Table 29 - Three Lines of Defence Framework First Line Second Line Business and Support Areas ERM and Support Functions Third Line Internal Audit • Own and manage all risks within their lines of • Establish an ERM framework to provide a • Provide independent assurance to the Audit business • Pursue suitable business opportunities within their established risk appetite and limits • Act within their delegated risk-taking authority consistent and integrated view of risk exposures across CWB • Set key risk metrics on which risk appetite and limits are based as set out in established policies • Establish policies, standards, processes and • Establish appropriate operating guidelines and internal control structures in accordance with the risk policies practices that address all significant risks across CWB • Independently assess, quantify, monitor, control and report all significant risk exposures against the risk appetite and limits • Provide independent oversight, effective challenge and independent assessment of risk Committee as to the effectiveness and appropriateness of (and adherence to) the risk framework • Independently audit first and second lines and report on their effectiveness in regard to respective functional responsibilities • Independently review adherence to controls, policies, standards, guidelines and regulations • Identify operational weaknesses; recommend and track remediation actions RISK APPETITE FRAMEWORK Our risk appetite framework includes policies and processes to establish and monitor adherence to our risk appetite, and outlines accountabilities for those overseeing its implementation. The purpose of the risk appetite framework is to define the type and amount of risk we are willing to assume through our business activities, while considering the priorities of all stakeholders. The risk appetite framework is forward-looking and aligns with our balanced growth strategic objectives, including consideration for our capital plan and budget processes. Key components of our risk appetite framework include: • Risk Capacity – the maximum level of risk we can assume before breaching regulatory or other stakeholders constraints; • Risk Appetite – the aggregate level and type of risk we are willing to assume; and, • Risk Limits – the allocation of risk to specific risk categories, business units and lines of business, at the portfolio or product level. ERM measures, monitors, and manages our risk profile to ensure the overall level of risk remains within specified risk limits. Early warning indicators are reported to the Executive Risk Committee and the Board Risk Committee, along with proposed actions to reduce the level of risk to within the approved risk appetite. 52 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Key attributes of our overall risk appetite include the following: • An appropriately conservative risk culture that is prevalent throughout CWB, from the Board to senior management to front-line employees; • A philosophy to only take risks that are aligned with our balanced growth strategic objectives and are expected to create sustainable, long-term value for stakeholders; • A philosophy to only take risks that are transparent and understood, and that can be measured, monitored and managed; • Careful and diligent management of risks at all levels led by a knowledgeable and experienced leadership team committed to sound management practices and the promotion of a highly ethical culture; • Targeted financial performance which supports maintenance of our credit ratings to allow for competitive access to funding; • Maintenance of effective policies, standards, guidelines and controls, with training and oversight to guide the business practices and risk-taking activities of all employees in support of CWB’s reputation and adherence to all legal and regulatory obligations; and, • Risk Appetites for key risk types are established based on both quantitative and qualitative risk types by ERM and other corporate functions, as the second line, endorsed by senior management, and ultimately approved by the Board Risk Committee. We conduct stress testing of relevant metrics on a regular basis to enable the identification and monitoring of potential vulnerabilities. The results from stress testing also help inform the risk appetite, and periodic sensitivity testing of earnings and capital ratios ensures that we operate within Risk Limits. RISK MANAGEMENT GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE The foundation of our ERM framework is a governance approach, consistent with OSFI’s Corporate Governance Guideline, which includes a robust committee structure and a comprehensive set of corporate policies and limits approved by the Board of Directors, as well as supporting corporate standards and operating guidelines. The Risk Management Framework is governed through a hierarchy of committees and individual responsibilities as outlined in Figure 5. Figure 5 - CWB’s Enterprise-Wide Risk Management Framework Board of Directors – responsible for setting the CWB Strategic Direction and overseeing management. The Board, either directly or through its committees, is responsible for oversight in the following areas: strategic planning, risk appetite, identification and management of risk, capital management, promotion of a culture of integrity, internal controls, evaluation of senior management and succession planning, public disclosure, corporate governance and environmental, social, and governance oversight. Board Risk Committee – assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in relation to CWB’s identification and management of risk (excluding regulatory compliance), adherence to corporate risk management policies and procedures, and compliance with risk-related regulatory requirements. The Board Risk Committee also includes a Loan Adjudication Panel. Board Governance and Conduct Review Committee – assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in relation to legal, regulatory compliance and reputation risk, including conduct review and consumer matters as well as development of CWB's corporate governance policies and practices. Board Audit Committee – assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities for the integrity of CWB’s financial reporting, effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting, the performance of its internal audit function and external audit quality. Board Human Resources Committee – provides oversight of people-related risks, including employment practices and workplace health and safety, and ensures compensation programs appropriately align to, and support, CWB’s risk appetite framework. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 53 Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – directly accountable to the Board for all of CWB’s risk-taking activities. The CEO is supported by the Executive Risk Committee and its subcommittees, as well as the ERM and other corporate functions. Chief Risk Officer (CRO) – as head of ERM, responsible to provide independent review and oversight of enterprise-wide risks and leadership on risk issues, developing and maintaining a Risk Management Framework which includes key risk metrics and risk policies, and fostering a strong risk culture across the enterprise. The CRO reports functionally to the Board Risk Committee. Executive Risk Committee – provides risk oversight and governance at the highest levels of management. The Executive Risk Committee reviews and discusses significant risk issues and action plans that arise in executing the enterprise-wide strategy. The Committee is chaired by the CRO and membership includes the full Executive Committee. Subcommittees of the Executive Risk Committee – the various sub committees provide oversight of the processes whereby the risks assumed across the enterprise are identified, measured, monitored, held within delegated limits and reported in accordance with policy guidelines. They include: Group Credit Risk Committee – approves loans within delegated limits and is responsible for ensuring that appropriate credit standards and guidelines are in place. An escalation subcommittee of the Group Credit Risk Committee considers credit related pricing and reputational issues that may be relevant to specific loans; Group Asset Liability Committee (ALCo) – reviews and approves operational guidelines and programs for liquidity management, funding sources, investments, foreign exchange risk, structural interest rate risk and derivatives risk; Group Capital Risk Committee – responsible for the oversight of capital adequacy, CWB’s regulatory capital plan, ICAAP and stress testing; Group Operational Risk Committee – reviews the operational risk management framework, operational loss reporting and business continuity plans. Reviews action plans for mitigating and improving the management of operational risk; Group Disclosure Committee – supports CEO/CFO certification over public disclosures. Responsible for reviewing CWB’s internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures to help ensure the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of public disclosures; Group Forecasting Committee – develops an enterprise-wide view of the economic outlook; and, Group Model Risk and Model Deployment Committees – develop and oversee CWB’s model risk management framework and enterprise-wide model deployment. The following oversight functions provide key support within the enterprise-wide risk management framework: • Credit Risk Management – responsible to assess, recommend, process and adjudicate credit applications and credit reviews within delegated loan approval authorities, and to provide second line oversight of credit risk; • Integrated Risk Management – responsible for our interest rate and liquidity risk management framework, and to provide second line oversight for interest rate and liquidity risk management; implements the operational risk management framework; operationalizes second line oversight of risk-based pricing, with responsibility for profitability reporting and analysis; provides second line oversight for our information security, technology and fraud risk management frameworks; provides economic forecasting and develops stress-testing models; • Risk Technology and Model Deployment – responsible to deploy AIRB and other risk models within our risk technology infrastructure and produce AIRB risk ratings for Basel Capital Adequacy Requirements, Economic Capital and ICAAP purposes; • Risk Data Aggregation, Analytics, and Reporting (RDAAR) – responsible to develop, implement, and monitor risk measurement processes and validation methodologies to provide a comprehensive view of overall credit risk exposures. Ensures that credit risk exposures are measurable, and that adequate reporting is produced to facilitate the management of the portfolio within established limits, appetite and standards; and that regulatory requirements are satisfied; • Model Vetting – responsible for development and maintenance of an enterprise-wide model risk management framework, and to monitor, effectively challenge and report on model risk in accordance with related policy and guidelines; • Risk Capital and IFRS 9 – produces risk-based ECL under IFRS 9, Economic Capital and oversees all periodic risk production, as well as the measurement of capital demand in our ICAAP and ongoing stress testing; • Finance – provides independent oversight of processes to manage financial reporting, external credit ratings, certain regulatory reporting, tax, and capital risk, including capital adequacy and capital supply management. This activity is overseen by our CFO, who reports functionally to the Audit Committee; • Legal, Compliance and Investigations – provides second line oversight of legal, regulatory compliance, financial crime (including fraud, corruption and bribery, and anti- money laundering risks) and reputation risks with established and maintained relevant policies, frameworks and standards used by the first and second lines to identify, measure, mitigate and report on significant legal, regulatory compliance and reputation risks; and, • Human Resources – provides second line oversight of people risks across the organization by establishing and maintaining relevant policies, frameworks and standards related to workforce practices and safety. RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES To support effective communication, implementation, and governance of our risk management framework, ERM and other corporate functions codify processes and operational requirements in comprehensive management policies, standards, frameworks, protocols, directives and procedures. The first line in turn implements these second line protocols in guidelines and procedures. Such first and second line governance documentation promotes the application of a consistent approach to manage risk exposures across the enterprise. All risk policies are developed by the second line and approved by the Board Risk Committee, Governance and Conduct Review Committee, or the full Board of Directors, on an annual basis. 54 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report RISK UNIVERSE – REPORT ON PRINCIPAL RISKS We pursue opportunities and the associated risks that are aligned with achieving balanced growth within our strategic objectives and are expected to create sustainable long-term value for shareholders and other stakeholders. While our operations are exposed to numerous types of risk, certain risks, identified as principal risks, have the greatest potential to materially impact operations and financial performance. These risks materially comprise CWB’s risk universe as defined as part of our ERM framework. CREDIT RISK Credit risk is the risk that a financial loss will be incurred due to the failure of a counterparty to fulfil its contractual commitment or obligation to CWB. Credit risk is comprised of default risk and credit migration, or downgrade risk. Credit default risk is defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with the agreed terms. Credit migration or downgrade risk refers to the risk of deterioration of credit quality of a borrower or counterparty. Risk Overview CWB’s credit risk results from granting loans and leases to businesses and individuals. Our credit risk management culture reflects the unique combination of policies, standard practices, experience and management attitudes that support growth within chosen industries and geographic markets. Underwriting standards are designed to ensure an appropriate balance of risk and return, and are supported by established loan exposure limits in areas of demonstrated lending expertise. Concentration is measured against specified tolerance levels by geographic region, industry sector and product type. In order to minimize potential loss, most of our loans are secured by tangible collateral. Our approach to managing credit risk has proven to be very effective, and we have a history of low write-offs as a percentage of total loans, including through past periods of financial uncertainty. Refer to the Loans and Credit Quality sections of this MD&A for additional information. Risk Governance The credit approval process is centrally controlled, with all significant credit requests submitted to Credit Risk Management for adjudication. Credit Risk Management is independent of the originating business. Requests for credit approval beyond the lending limit of the CEO/CRO are referred to the Group Credit Risk Committee or the Board Risk Committee’s Loan Adjudication Panel. Risk Management We are committed to a number of important principles to manage credit exposures, which include: • Oversight provided by the Board Risk Committee; • Delegated lending authorities that are clearly communicated to lenders and other personnel engaged in the credit granting process; • Credit policies, standards, guidelines and directives which are communicated within all branches, business lines and to officers whose activities and responsibilities include credit granting and risk assessment; • Appointment of personnel engaged in credit granting who are both qualified and experienced; • A standard credit risk-rating classification established for all credits; • A review at least annually of credit risk-rating classifications and individual credit facilities (except personal loans and single-unit residential mortgages); • Quarterly review of risk diversification by geographic area, industry sector and product measured against assigned portfolio limits; • Ongoing development of RDAAR reporting to assess portfolio risks at a granular level; • Pricing of credits commensurate with risk to ensure an appropriate financial return; • Management of growth while maintaining the quality of loans; • Early recognition of problem accounts and immediate action to protect the safety of CWB’s capital; • Delegation of the management of higher-risk loans to the Special Asset Management Unit, a specialized loan workout group that performs regular monitoring and close management of these loans; • Independent review by Internal Audit of the adequacy and effectiveness of governance, risk management and control over credit risk across CWB Financial Group, which includes direct reporting of results to senior management, the CEO and the Audit Committee of the Board; and, • Detailed quarterly reviews of significant accounts rated less than satisfactory. Reviews include a recap of action plans for each less than satisfactory account, the completion of a watchlist report recording accounts with evidence of weakness and an impaired report covering loans that show impairment to the point where a loss is possible. Subject to independent oversight, effective challenge and independent assessment by the second line. A summary report of less than satisfactory accounts is reviewed on a quarterly basis by the Board Risk Committee. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 55 Credit Risk Concentration Risk diversification is addressed by establishing portfolio limits by geographic area, industry sector and product. The policy is to limit loans to connected corporate borrowers to not more than 10% of shareholders’ equity. Under the Credit Risk Concentration Policy, the single risk exposure lending limit is $75 million. Our Credit Risk Concentration policy for certain quality connections with investment grade credit ratings of A- or better, that confirm debt service capacity and loan security from more than one source is $200 million. The connection limit is $150 million for borrowers with credit ratings of BBB+. CWB clients with larger borrowing requirements can be accommodated through loan syndications with other financial institutions. Credit-related Environmental Risk While our day-to-day operations do not have a material impact on the environment, we face certain environmental risks including the risk of loss if a borrower is unable to repay loans due to environmental clean up costs, and the risk of damage to our reputation resulting from the same. In order to manage these risks, and to help mitigate our overall impact on the environment, we evaluate potential environmental risks as part of the credit granting process. If potential environmental risks are identified that cannot be resolved to our satisfaction, the loan application will be denied. Where financing is provided, Internal Audit provides third line oversight to ensure all required processes and documentation are in place. Reports on environmental inspections and findings are provided quarterly to the Board Risk Committee. Portfolio Quality Our strategy is to maintain a quality, secured and diversified loan portfolio by engaging experienced personnel who provide a hands-on approach in granting credit, account management and timely action when problems develop. We target lending to small- and medium-sized businesses, and to individuals. We continue to target further geographic and industry diversification through growth of client relationships in targeted industries across our national geographic footprint. Relationship banking and ‘knowing your client’ are important tenets of effective account management. Earning an appropriate financial return for the level of risk is also fundamental. For additional information, see the Loans and Credit Quality sections of this MD&A. MARKET RISK Market risk is the impact on earnings and on economic value of equity resulting from changes in financial market variables such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Our market risk is primarily comprised of structural interest rate risk on the balance sheet, liquidity and funding risk, and foreign exchange risk. Risk Overview Our most material market risks are those related to changes in interest rates. We do not have a trading book; we do not undertake market activities such as market making, arbitrage or proprietary trading and, therefore, do not have direct risks related to those activities. We maintain a diversified cash and securities portfolio that is primarily comprised of high-quality debt instruments. These instruments are subject to price fluctuations based on movements in interest rates and volatility in financial markets. We have limited direct exposure to foreign exchange risk. Risk Governance Market risk is managed in accordance with the approved structural interest rate risk, and liquidity and funding risk policies, the second line standard and the accompanying first line guideline. As the first line of defence, Treasury owns and manages our market risk on a daily basis. ALCo provides tactical and strategic direction and is responsible for ongoing oversight, review and endorsement of operational guidelines. Integrated Risk Management provides independent second line monitoring and reporting of market risk exposure against risk appetite to ALCo, the Executive Risk Committee and Board Risk Committee. Subcategories of Market Risk INTEREST RATE RISK Interest rate risk is the impact on earnings and economic value of equity resulting from changes in interest rates. Structural interest rate risk arises when changes in interest rates affect the cash flows, earnings and values of assets and liabilities. The objective of structural interest rate risk management is to maintain an appropriate balance between earnings volatility and economic value volatility while keeping both within their respective risk appetite limits. Structural interest rate risk arises due to the duration mismatch between assets and liabilities. Adverse interest rate movements may cause a reduction in earnings; and/or a reduction in the economic value of our assets; and/or an increase in the economic value of our liabilities. Structural interest rate risk is primarily comprised of duration mismatch risk and option risk embedded within the structure of products. Duration mismatch risk arises when there are differences in the scheduled maturity, repricing dates or reference rates of assets, liabilities and derivatives. The net duration mismatch is managed to a target profile through interest rate swaps and our cash and securities portfolio. Product-embedded option risk arises when product features allow customers to alter scheduled maturity or repricing dates. Such features include loan prepayment, deposit redemption privileges and interest rate commitments on un-advanced mortgages. 56 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Variation in market interest rates can affect net interest income by altering cash flows and spreads. Variation in market interest rates can also affect the economic value of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet (OBS) positions. Thus, the sensitivity of our economic value to fluctuations in interest rates is an important consideration for management, regulators and shareholders. The economic value of an instrument represents an assessment of the present value of the expected net cash flows, discounted to reflect market rates. By extension, the economic value of our equity can be viewed as the present value of our expected net cash flows, defined as the expected cash flows on interest-sensitive assets minus the expected cash flows on interest-sensitive liabilities plus the expected net cash flows on OBS positions. In this sense, the economic value perspective reflects one view of the sensitivity of net worth to fluctuations in interest rates. Management of structural interest rate risk balances short-term income volatility against volatility in the long-term value of our equity. Treasury manages the economic value of the balance sheet within a range around a target duration. Duration limits are approved by ALCo. The duration limits consider an appropriate trade-off between: • Earnings volatility and volatility in the value of our equity; • Risk and return (e.g. increasing duration increases the exposure to rising interest rates, but also benefits net interest income when there is a positively sloping yield curve); and, • Expected interest rate movements. While management of the benchmark duration is the responsibility of the first line of defence (recommended by Treasury and approved by ALCo), the resulting risk exposure is maintained within our risk appetite. Risk Metrics Structural interest rate risk is measured using historical simulations to evaluate earnings sensitivity and economic value sensitivity analysis, stress testing and gap analysis, in addition to other traditional risk metrics. • Earnings at Risk – Earnings at risk (EaR) is defined as the potential reduction in net interest income due to adverse interest rate movements over a one-year horizon. • Economic Value of Equity at Risk – Economic Value of Equity at Risk (EVaR) is defined as the potential reduction in economic value of CWB’s equity due to adverse interest rate movements. This is not an earnings measure, but rather a value measure. Both EaR and EVaR are measured against stress scenarios historically observed (historical simulation or historical Value at Risk (VaR)) and standard parallel interest shocks (interest rate sensitivity). Interest Rate Risk Exposures Interest rate risk is managed to ensure sustainable earnings over time, balancing the impact on current year earnings against changes in economic value at risk over the life of the asset and liability portfolios. Exposure to interest rate risk is controlled by managing the size of the static gap positions between interest sensitive assets and interest sensitive liabilities for future periods. This is supplemented by historical VaR for economic value of CWB’s equity, estimated by applying historical interest rate scenarios to interest sensitive assets and interest sensitive liabilities. These analyses are supplemented by stress testing of the asset liability portfolio structure, duration analysis and dollar estimates of net interest income sensitivity after Treasury hedging activity for periods of up to one year. The interest rate gap is measured at least monthly. Note 24 of the consolidated financial statements provides the gap position at October 31, 2020 for select time intervals and information on the estimated impact of a one- percentage point increase or decrease in interest rates on net interest income and other comprehensive income. The analysis in Note 24 is a static measurement of interest rate sensitivity gaps at a specific point in time, and there is potential for these gaps to change significantly over a short period. The impact on earnings from changes in market interest rates will depend on both the magnitude of and speed with which interest rates change, as well as the size and maturity structure of the cumulative interest rate gap position and the management of those positions over time. The estimates provided in Note 24 are based on a number of assumptions and factors, which include: • A constant structure in the interest sensitive asset liability portfolio; • Floor levels for various deposit liabilities; • Interest rate changes affecting interest sensitive assets and liabilities by proportionally the same amount and applied at the appropriate repricing dates; and, • No early redemptions. We maintain the asset liability structure and interest rate sensitivity within our established policies through pricing and product initiatives, as well as the use of interest rate swaps and other appropriate strategies. Differences in the respective sensitivity of net interest income and other comprehensive income to changes in interest rates compared to last year primarily reflects the current interest rate environment and balance sheet composition. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 57 FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK Foreign exchange risk is the risk to changes in earnings or economic value arising from changes in foreign exchange rates. This risk arises when various assets and liabilities are denominated in different currencies. In providing financial services to our customers, we have assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars. At October 31, 2020, assets denominated in U.S. dollars were 3% (2019 – 2%) of total assets and U.S. dollar liabilities were 4% (2019 – 2%) of total liabilities. We do not buy or sell currencies other than U.S. dollars other than to meet specific client needs. We have no material exposure to currencies other than U.S. dollars. We have established policies that include limits on the maximum allowable differences between U.S. dollar assets and liabilities. We measure the difference daily and manage it through use of U.S. dollar forward contracts or other means. The Board Risk Committee reviews and approves our liquidity and funding risk policy which includes monitoring of our U.S. dollar liquidity exposure, at least annually. Any deviations from compliance with policy are reported monthly to ALCo and quarterly to the Board Risk Committee. LIQUIDITY AND FUNDING RISK Liquidity risk is the risk that we cannot meet a demand for cash or fund our financial obligations in a cost-effective or timely manner as they become due. These financial obligations can arise from withdrawals of deposits, debt or deposit maturities or commitments to provide credit. Risk Overview We maintain a sound, prudent and conservative approach to managing exposure to liquidity risk, including holding a portfolio of high-quality liquid assets to allow continued operation as a going concern under stressed conditions that may be caused by CWB-specific or systemic events. This pool of high-quality liquid assets and related liquidity and funding management strategies comprise an integrated liquidity risk management program designed to ensure that we manage liquidity risk within an appropriate threshold. Our key risk mitigation strategies include: • An appropriate balance between the level of risk we undertake and the corresponding cost of risk mitigation that considers the potential impact of extreme but plausible events; • Broad funding access, including preserving and growing a reliable base of core deposits and continual access to diversified sources of funding; • A comprehensive group-wide liquidity contingency plan supported by a pool of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets and marketable securities that would provide assured access to liquidity in a crisis; and, • Maintenance of a liquidity position to manage current and future liquidity requirements while also contributing to the flexibility, safety and soundness of CWB under times of stress. Refer to the Liquidity Management sections of this MD&A for additional information. RISK GOVERNANCE Liquidity management is centralized to better facilitate the effective management of liquidity risk. The Board Risk Committee approves market risk management policies and delegates liquidity risk authorities to senior management. As the first line of defence, Treasury is responsible for managing liquidity and funding risk. ALCo oversees the Treasury function and provides tactical and strategic direction. Integrated Risk Management, as the second line, is responsible for independent oversight. 58 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report RISK MANAGEMENT We have comprehensive liquidity risk management policies. The key elements of managing liquidity risk for CWB include the following: • Policy – liquidity risk management policies establish a target for minimum liquidity, set the monitoring regime, and define authority levels and responsibilities. Policies are reviewed at a minimum annually by ALCo, Executive Risk Committee and the Board Risk Committee. Limit setting establishes acceptable thresholds for liquidity risk; • Monitoring – trends and behaviours regarding how clients manage their deposits and loans are monitored to determine appropriate liquidity levels. Active monitoring of the external environment is performed using a wide-range of sources and economic barometers; • Measurement and modeling – our liquidity model measures and forecasts cash inflows and outflows, including any cash flows related to applicable off-balance sheet activities over various risk scenarios; • Reporting – Treasury oversight of all significant liquidity risks that supports analysis, risk measurement, stress testing, monitoring and reporting to both ALCo and the Board Risk Committee; • Stress testing – we perform liquidity stress testing on a regular basis to evaluate the potential effect of both systemic and CWB specific (idiosyncratic) disruptions to our liquidity position. Liquidity stress tests consider the effect of changes in funding assumptions, depositor behaviour and the market behaviour of liquid assets; • We stress test liquidity as per the OSFI LAR guideline. Stress test results are reviewed by ALCo and considered in making liquidity management decisions. Liquidity stress testing has many purposes, including, but not limited to: - helping the Board Risk Committee and senior management understand the potential behaviour of various positions on CWB’s balance sheet in circumstances of stress; and, - facilitating the development of effective funding, risk mitigation and contingency plans. • Contingency planning – a liquidity contingency plan is maintained that defines a liquidity event and specifies the desired approaches for analyzing and responding to actual and potential liquidity events. The plan outlines an appropriate governance structure for the management and monitoring of liquidity events, processes for effective internal and external communication, and identifies potential countermeasures to be considered at various stages of an event; • Funding diversification – we actively pursue diversification of our deposit liabilities by source, type of depositor, instrument and term. Supplementary funding sources currently include securitization, capital market issuance and whole loan sales; and, • Core liquidity – we maintain a pool of highly liquid, unencumbered assets that can be readily sold, or pledged to secure borrowings, under stressed market conditions or due to CWB-specific events. Contractual Obligations We enter into contracts in the normal course of business that give rise to commitments of future minimum payments that may affect the liquidity position. In addition to the obligations related to deposits and subordinated debentures discussed in the Deposits and Liquidity Management sections of this MD&A, as well as Notes 13, 15, 19 and 23 of the consolidated financial statements, the following contractual obligations are outstanding at October 31, 2020: A summary of purchase obligations for operating and capital expenditures is presented in the following table. Table 30 - Contractual Obligations ($ thousands) October 31, 2020 October 31, 2019(1) Within 1 Year $ $ 10,034 1,659 $ $ 1 to 3 Years 7,785 1,393 More than 4 Years $ $ 957 - $ $ Total 18,776 3,052 (1) The prospective adoption of IFRS 16 on November 1, 2019 resulted in the recognition of lease liabilities of $98,863 in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet (refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements), primarily related to premises leases previously classified as operating leases under IAS 17. The fiscal 2019 information has been restated to exclude lease commitments totaling $92,584, which are now carried on the consolidated balance sheet under IFRS 16. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 59 Credit Ratings Our ability to efficiently access capital markets funding on a cost-effective basis is partially dependent upon the maintenance of satisfactory credit ratings. Such credit ratings increase the breadth of clients and investors able to participate in various deposit and debt offerings, while also lowering our overall cost of capital. Credit ratings are largely determined by the quality of earnings, the adequacy of capital, the effectiveness of risk management programs and the opinions of rating agencies related to creditworthiness of the financial sector as a whole. There can be no assurance that our credit ratings and the corresponding outlook will not be changed, potentially resulting in adverse consequences for funding capacity or access to capital markets. Changes in credit ratings may also affect the ability and/or the cost of establishing normal course derivative or hedging transactions. Credit ratings do not consider market price or address the suitability of any financial instrument for a particular investor and are not recommendations to purchase, sell or hold securities. Ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization. The following table summarizes our current credit ratings issued by DRBS Morningstar, as well as the corresponding rating agency outlook. Table 31 - DBRS Morningstar Credit Ratings Short-term instruments R1 (low) Stable Long-term senior debt and long-term deposits Subordinated debentures (NVCC) Preferred shares (NVCC) Limited recourse capital notes (NVCC) A (low) Negative BBB (low) Negative Pfd-3 Negative BB (high) Negative Rating Outlook CAPITAL RISK Capital risk is the risk that we have insufficient capital resources, in either quantity or quality, to support economic risk taken, regulatory requirements, strategic initiatives and current or planned operations. Risk Overview We follow three main principles to facilitate the effective management of capital risk: • Capital management involves a dynamic and ongoing process to determine, allocate and maintain appropriate amounts of capital; • The optimal amount and composition of capital must consider regulatory requirements, as well as the expectations of our shareholders and other stakeholders; and, • The objective of capital management is to ensure: - capital is, and will continue to be, adequate to maintain confidence in the safety and stability of CWB while also complying with required regulatory standards; - we have the capability to access appropriate sources of capital in a timely and cost-effective manner; and, - return on capital is sufficient to support projected business growth and satisfy the expectations of investors. Risk Governance The Board approves the annual regulatory capital plan, and the Board Risk Committee approves the periodic ICAAP and capital management policy. The Group Capital Risk Committee is responsible for capital risk management. ERM oversees the demand side of capital management, including risk capital and economic capital. The CFO is responsible for the supply side of capital adequacy, and the CRO is responsible for the demand side of risk capital and capital risk management. In addition, Integrated Risk Management, Risk Capital and IFRS 9, and Finance comprise the ICAAP core team and are closely involved in capital management. The core team is closely supported by other key departments, including Treasury, Credit Risk Management, and Strategy. Risk Management The following are key elements of capital risk management: • The annual regulatory capital plan, inclusive of the capital management policy and three-year capital projections; • A quarterly regulatory capital risk update provided to the Board Risk Committee; • Forecast models used to analyze the likely capital impact of projected operations, various balance sheet and income statement scenarios, approaches used to calculate regulatory capital, and/or significant transactions; • AIRB tools used to support comprehensive stress testing, risk quantification processes and completion of our ICAAP to help us prudently manage our capital through periods of economic volatility; and, • Regulatory capital ratios reported to senior management and the Board on a recurring basis, at least quarterly. For additional information, please refer to the Capital Management section of this MD&A. 60 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report  OPERATIONAL RISK Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss due to unanticipated outcomes that result from inadequate or failed systems, processes, or human errors, as well as from external events. Exposure to operational risks arises from the people, processes, and systems that are established to serve CWB’s clients and maintain the required functions of the enterprise. Risk Overview Operational risk is inherent in all of our business activities, including our full-service business and personal banking, specialized financing, wealth management offerings, and trust services. We are exposed to operational risk from internal business activities, external threats and outsourced business activities. Its impact can be financial loss, loss of reputation, loss of competitive position, regulatory penalties, or failure in the management of other risks. While operational risk cannot be eliminated, proactive operational risk management is a key strategy to mitigate this risk. The primary financial measure of operational risk is actual losses incurred. The regulatory framework requires certain amounts of capital to be allocated to support operational risk. We use the Standardized approach to measure operational risk. We have a group-wide Operational Risk Management Policy to ensure that all employees understand their responsibilities with respect to operational risk management. The Operational Risk Management Policy encompasses a common language of risk coupled with programs and methodologies for identification, measurement, control, and management of operational risk. Risk Governance Business and support areas are the first line of defence, and are fully accountable to manage and mitigate the operational risks associated with their activities. The Operational Risk Committee oversees the implementation and adoption of the Operational Risk Management Policy across the enterprise and facilitates the involvement of relevant stakeholders in the first and second line of defence across the enterprise. Integrated Risk Management, as the second line, is responsible for the continual enhancement of the Operational Risk Management Framework and supporting policies. The Board Risk Committee has ultimate oversight and approves the Operational Risk Management Policy. Risk Management Following is a summary of strategies and factors that assist with the effective management of operational risk: • Management remains close to operations, which helps to facilitate effective internal communication and operational control; • Communication of, and training related to, the importance of effective operational risk management to all levels; • Management is very engaged with promoting our operational risk tolerance and appetite; and, • Ongoing enhancement of enterprise-wide operational risk management processes. Key elements of the Operational Risk Management Framework include: • Common definitions of operational risk – we incorporate standard risk terms and certain key operational risk definitions as part of our operational risk management framework and supporting policies; • Risk Control Assessments (RCA) – utilized to develop a forward-looking view of operational risk exposure based on proactive identification of key sources of operational risk exposures. The results of RCAs are aggregated across the enterprise to evaluate the key sources of operational risks and compare relative exposures from different business activities; • Operational risk reporting – loss data monitoring is important to maintain awareness of identified operational risks and to assist management in taking constructive action to reduce exposure to future losses; • Root cause analysis – for significant operational risk events we employ a standardized methodology to identify the underlying cause of the operational risk event and document the corrective actions taken to avoid similar events in the future; and, • New initiative risk assessments – integrated with our change management process, requires project owners to proactively identify all relevant stakeholders across significant functional areas and conduct detailed RCAs for new initiatives. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 61 In addition to the second line Operational Risk Management Framework, additional key components include: • Implementation of policies and procedural controls appropriate to address identified risks (including segregation of duties and other fundamental checks and balances); • Continual enhancements to our comprehensive suite of cyber security program and controls; • Continual enhancements to fraud prevention processes, policies and communication; • Established ‘whistleblower’ processes, a robust employee code of conduct and ethical concerns hotline; • Maintenance of an outsourcing management program; • Development of a third party risk management framework; • At least annual assessment and benchmarking of business insurance; • Human Resource guidelines and processes to ensure staff are adequately trained for the tasks for which they are responsible and to enable retention and recruitment; • A Regulatory Compliance team focused on key regulatory compliance areas such as privacy, anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing and consumer protection regulations; • Use of technology that incorporates automated systems with built-in controls and active management of configuration and change management along with information security management programs; • Enhanced focus on data quality as an important and strategic asset; • Effective project management processes supported by a designated committee comprised of representatives of senior management; and, • Continual updating and testing of procedures and contingency plans for disaster recovery and business continuity (including pandemic planning). We have adopted an Operational Risk Taxonomy as part of our Operational Risk Management Framework. This taxonomy forms the basis for all operational risk management reporting, with loss events and identified risks categorized consistently. The taxonomy is based on 15 distinct risk types that are aligned within the seven Basel Operational Risk categories. 62 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Table 32 - Operational Risk Taxonomy Operational Risk Type Description Financial crime risk Regulatory compliance risk Legal risk Reputation risk Category External Fraud and Internal Fraud The risk of loss or harm arising from crimes committed against CWB, our clients, or by our employees or third parties. Loss in this context refers to economic loss including time, recovery costs, and overhead. The risk of loss or harm created by failing to comply with or satisfy the laws, regulatory requirements or prescribed practices that apply to CWB. It does not include risk arising from non-conformance with ethical standards. Clients, Products, and Business Practices The risk of loss or harm arising from the ways in which laws, regulatory requirements, prescribed practices or contractual obligations apply to CWB. It does not include risk arising from non-conformance with ethical standards. Legal Risk The risk of loss or harm to our brand or reputation. It may arise even if other operational risks are effectively managed, and includes the risk arising from non-conformance with ethical standards. Reputation Risk Damage to physical assets (excludes investment assets) The risk of loss or harm to physical assets caused by natural disaster, mechanical failures, or intentional or unintentional human actions. Damage to Physical Assets People risk The risk that we cannot attract and retain sufficient qualified resources to implement our strategies and/or achieve our objectives. Employment Practices and Workplace Safety Business disruption risk The risk of loss or harm due to the failure to ensure the ongoing continuation of critical business operations caused by disruptions impacting the availability of staff, systems, and/or premises. Business Disruption and System Failure Technology risk Information security risk Accounting risk (excludes model errors related to financial statements) Model risk Reporting risk The risk of loss or harm related to the operational performance, confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information, systems and infrastructure. The risk of loss due to information systems and services (including application systems and supporting technology infrastructure) failing to satisfy business requirements, caused by inadequately designed, maintained, and/or supported systems, applications and technology. Business Disruption and System Failure The risk of loss or harm due to the compromising of our information assets (i.e., the unauthorized use, loss, damage, disclosure, or modification of company information and information systems) caused by a failure to protect our information assets (including cyber risk). External Fraud and Client, Products, and Business Practices The risk of loss or harm due to misstatements of assets, liabilities and/or income, caused by internal financial control failures or deficiencies. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management The risk of loss or harm due to inaccurate model outputs or incorrect interpretations of model outputs, caused by inadequate model design, use and/or assumptions. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management The risk of loss or harm due to inadequate risk-related information being provided to senior management, the Board, and/or regulatory bodies, caused by incomplete, inaccurate or untimely risk reporting processes, systems and/or un-actioned risk reporting. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management Outsourcing and third-party supplier risk The risk of loss or harm due to a third-party service provider failing to deliver functionality and performance required to effectively support underlying business objectives, caused by inadequate selection, retention, oversight and/or monitoring of the relationship, or by inadequate contractual terms and conditions. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management Change management risk (excludes technology change) The risk of loss or harm due to a failure to effectively manage change to achieve the desired business requirements and objectives, caused by inadequate management (i.e., planning, execution, monitoring, oversight, and reporting) of significant business change. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management Process and execution risk Product and customer/client selection risk (includes design, development, distribution, and sales) Fiduciary risk The risk of loss or harm due to a failure to achieve the desired outcome caused by inadequately designed or executed processes. Execution, Delivery, and Process Management The risk of loss or harm due to the inability to effectively design, develop, distribute, and sell products and services, or attract profitable clients caused by a breakdown of the product development and sales distribution process, or the failure to properly vet clients. Clients, Products, and Business Practices Risk of loss or harm due to CWB failing to meet professional obligations to our clients, caused by an inadequate understanding and/or execution of the obligation/suitability requirements. Clients, Products, and Business Practices CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 63 A discussion of several of our key operational risks follows: People Risk Competition for qualified employees in our key markets has remained consistent and reflects evolving needs of other financial services participants within and outside our geographic footprint. We intend to continually attract and retain qualified employees to successfully execute against our vision to become the best full-service bank for business owners in Canada. We do this by proactively investing in our practices and programs to build a positive, rewarding and collaborative work environment, where teams are empowered to deliver exceptional client experiences. Our values include a people first approach to planning and execution, a focus to drive inclusion and diversity as key business advantages, and specific strategies to increase our brand awareness in the markets where we operate. We complement this with a specialized and knowledgeable approach to talent acquisition, a competitive total rewards offering with differentiated benefits, flexible work arrangements, comprehensive learning and development opportunities and a proactive focus on succession planning. An inability to attract and retain an appropriate staff complement would adversely affect our ability to achieve our strategic objectives. Technology Risk More now than ever, we are highly dependent upon information technology and supporting infrastructure, such as voice, data and network access. In addition to internal resources, various third-parties provide key components of the infrastructure and applications. Disruptions in information technology and infrastructure, whether attributed to internal or external factors, and including potential disruptions in the services provided by various third parties, could adversely affect our ability to conduct regular business and/or deliver products and services to clients. Ongoing diligence is required to ensure systems are secure from threats. We currently have a number of projects underway focused to increase our digital capabilities which increase risk exposure related to information systems and technology. We continuously identify and assess key services to ensure potential failure points are highlighted and related risk is mitigated the best possible way (i.e. upgrades, enhancements, new products). Our Information Services team continues to work closely with ERM to apply further rigour to, and enhanced governance around, identification and evaluation of potential risks in the technology environment. Information and Cyber Security Risk We manage information security risk by ensuring appropriate technologies, processes and practices are effectively designed and implemented to help prevent, detect and respond to threats as they emerge and evolve. Our Information Security team continues to enhance our comprehensive suite of controls to protect CWB’s operations and our customers from attack and have partnered with leading third-party service providers to provide counsel and support should the need arise. We regularly test the completeness and effectiveness of our information and cyber security program. As we continue to enhance our digital capabilities, a focus to advance our cyber security enables our growth trajectory. By implementing and benchmarking the effectiveness of our industry-proven cyber security risk and control frameworks, we ensure our ability to safely deliver services to our clients through digital channels. Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Reputation Risk Legal and regulatory compliance risk is the potential for loss or harm created by legal, regulatory compliance, financial crimes and reputation risks. Failing to manage these risks may result in civil or criminal litigation, administrative penalties, supervisory findings, enforcement actions, financial loss, reputation damage, restricted business activities, increased regulatory supervision or intervention or the imprisonment or regulatory examination of officers and directors, an inability to execute our strategic direction, a decline in client and shareholder confidence, and damage to our reputation. Management of these risks is a key priority for us, and we do so in accordance with our three lines of defence framework. Legal Risk Legal risk is the potential for loss or harm resulting from a failure to comply with laws or satisfy contractual obligations. We are subject to litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, and the unfavourable resolution of any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and damage our reputation. We are required to disclose material litigation to which we are party. In assessing the materiality of litigation, factors considered include a case-by-case assessment of specific facts and circumstances, our past experience and the opinions of legal experts. Regulatory Compliance Risk Our businesses are highly regulated through the laws, regulatory requirements and prescribed practices that have been put in place by various authorities, including federal and provincial governments and regulators. Changes to these applicable requirements, including changes in their interpretation or implementation, could adversely affect us, and we anticipate ongoing scrutiny from our regulatory authorities and strict enforcement of such requirements as reforms continue at the federal and provincial levels to strengthen the stability of the financial system and protect stakeholders. Over the past several years, the intensity of supervisory oversight of all federally regulated Canadian financial institutions has increased significantly in terms of both regulation and new standards. This includes amplified supervisory activities, an increase in the volume of regulation, more frequent data and information requests from regulators, and shorter implementation timeframes for new requirements. Certain requirements may also impact our ability to compete against both federally regulated and non-federally regulated entities. We actively monitor these developments and implement required changes to systems and processes. We have implemented a robust regulatory compliance risk management framework and developed supporting protocols to manage regulatory compliance risk across the enterprise. Financial Crime Risk Safeguarding our customers, employees, information and assets from exposure to criminal risk is an important priority for us. Criminal risk is the potential for loss or harm resulting from a failure to comply with criminal laws and includes acts by employees or third parties against us and acts by external parties using CWB to engage in unlawful conduct, such as fraud, theft, money laundering, violence, cyber crime, bribery and corruption. We govern, oversee and assess principles and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and internal risk parameters related to anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist financing and sanctions measures, and our compliance with anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations. 64 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Reputation Risk Damage to our reputation and negative public perception could be an outcome of operational risk events that result from breakdowns in internal processes, deficient systems, actual or alleged misconduct of employees or external partners representing non-conformance with our ethical standards, or external events. Significant reputation risk events typically lead to questions about business ethics and integrity, competence, corporate governance practices, quality and accuracy of financial reporting disclosures, or quality of products and service. Negative public opinion could adversely affect our ability to attract and retain clients and/or employees and could expose us to litigation and/or regulatory action. Responsibility for managing the impact of operational (and other) risks on our reputation falls to all of our teams, including senior management and the Board. All directors, officers and employees have a responsibility to conduct their activities in accordance with our personal conduct policies, in a manner that minimizes operational risks and aligns to our three lines of defence framework. OTHER RISK FACTORS In addition to the risks described above, other risk factors, including those identified below and those discussed in the Impact of COVID-19 and Our Response and Forward- looking Statements sections of this MD&A, may adversely affect our businesses and financial results. GENERAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Our overall financial performance is impacted by general business and economic conditions across the country. In addition to the emergence of COVID-19 or other similar pandemic events, and the potential for prolonged adverse general business and economic conditions, several factors that could impact the markets that we operate in include, but are not limited to, further changes in: short-term and long-term interest rates; energy and other commodity prices, including the impact of constrained energy transportation infrastructure; real estate prices; adverse global economic events and/or elevated economic uncertainties; inflation; exchange rates; levels of consumer, business and government spending; levels of consumer, business and government debt; and consumer confidence. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK Environmental and social risk is the potential for loss or harm resulting from environmental or social impacts or concerns related to our business or customers. This risk involves a broad spectrum of issues, including pollution, energy and other resource usage, climate change, human rights, labour standards, the strength of communities we operate in, and minority rights and inclusion. We recognize the importance of environmental and social risk management practices and processes. Governance is provided by the Board of Directors, who provide direct oversight to thoughtfully consider these risks as part of our enterprise-wide strategy. Social risks are managed through our business policies and procedures across the enterprise. Environmental risks within our lending portfolio are managed through our credit granting process (see the Credit Risk section above). To manage our environmental footprint, we have commenced development of various practices targeted to reduce the amount of energy consumed, increase materials recovered and recycled, and manage ecological maintenance products. Through sound environmental management, we follow acknowledged standards, adhere to applicable regulations, and operate our premises in a sustainable manner. We are deeply committed to our employees and the communities in which we operate. For further information on our corporate social responsibility activities, please visit the corporate social responsibility page of our website at www.cwb.com/corporate-social-responsibility, where we publish our Public Accountability Statement, Corporate Social Responsibility Report, and other materials outlining our activities related to community investment, inclusions, corporate governance, and the environment. LEVEL OF COMPETITION Our performance is impacted by competition in the markets in which we operate. Client retention may be influenced by many factors, including relative client experience, the relative price and attributes of products and services, changes in products and services, and actions taken by competitors. While transition from the Standardized to the AIRB approach for risk and capital management will not affect the attributes or behaviour of our competitors, we expect this transition to enhance our competitiveness by enabling more risk-sensitive pricing. ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF INFORMATION ON CLIENTS AND COUNTERPARTIES We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties. In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with clients and counterparties, we may rely on information furnished by them, including financial statements, appraisals, external credit ratings and other financial information. We may also rely on the representations of clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on the reports of auditors. Our financial condition and earnings could be negatively impacted to the extent it relies on financial statements that do not comply with standard accounting practices, that are materially misleading, or that do not fairly present, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the customer or counterparties. ABILITY TO EXECUTE GROWTH INITIATIVES AND STRATEGIC PROJECTS As part of our transformational strategy, we intend to continue growing our business through a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions. The ability to successfully grow organically will depend on successful execution of key business transformation efforts and projects. The ability to successfully grow through acquisition will be dependent on a number of factors, including identification of accretive new business or acquisition opportunities, negotiation of purchase agreements on satisfactory terms and prices, approval of acquisitions by regulatory authorities, securing satisfactory regulatory capital and financing arrangements, and effective integration of newly acquired operations into the existing business. All of these activities may be more difficult to implement or may take longer to execute than we anticipate. Further, the initiation of any new growth initiatives or infrastructure projects, and any significant expansion of the business may increase the operating complexity and divert management’s attention away from established or ongoing business activities. Any failure to successfully manage strategic execution or acquisition strategies could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 65 ADEQUACY OF CWB’S RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK The Risk Management Framework is comprised of various processes and strategies for managing risk exposure. Given the structure and scope of our operations, CWB is primarily subject to credit, market (mainly interest rate), liquidity, operational, reputation, regulatory and other risks. There can be no assurance that the framework to manage risks, including the framework’s underlying assumptions and models, will be effective under all conditions and circumstances. If the risk management framework proves ineffective, we could be materially affected by unexpected financial losses and/or other harm. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES The IASB continues to change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These types of changes can be significant and may materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. Where we are required to retroactively apply a new or revised standard, we may be required to restate prior period financial statements. OTHER FACTORS We caution that the above discussion of risk factors is not exhaustive. Other factors beyond our control that may affect future results include changes in tax laws, technological changes, unexpected changes in consumer spending and saving habits, timely development and introduction of new products, and the anticipation of and success in managing the associated risks. UPDATED SHARE INFORMATION As at November 27, 2020, there were 87,100,635 common shares and 1,784,624 stock options outstanding. On December 3, 2020, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.29 per common share, payable on January 7, 2021 to shareholders of record on December 17, 2020. This quarterly dividend is up one cent, or 4%, from the dividend declared one year ago and consistent with the dividend paid to common shareholders on September 24, 2020. Consistent with the dividends paid to preferred shareholders on October 31, 2020, the Board of Directors also declared cash dividends of $0.2688125 per Series 5, $0.390625 per Series 7, and $0.375 per Series 9 Preferred Shares, all payable on January 31, 2021 to shareholders of record on January 22, 2021. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Transactions with and between subsidiary entities are made at normal market prices and eliminated on consolidation. We provide banking services to our officers and employees, including key management personnel, and their immediate family at various preferred rates and terms. Key management personnel are those that have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling our activities and include our independent directors. Further information on our related party transactions are included in Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES As of October 31, 2020, an evaluation was carried out on the effectiveness of CWB’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have certified that the design and operating effectiveness of CWB’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Also at October 31, 2020, an evaluation was carried out on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have certified that the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting were effective. These evaluations were conducted using the framework and criteria established in accordance with Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). A Disclosure Committee, comprised of members of senior management, assists the CEO and CFO in their responsibilities. Management’s evaluation of controls can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that all control issues that may result in material misstatement, if any, have been detected. Prior to its release, this MD&A was reviewed by the Audit Committee and, on the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved by the Board of Directors of CWB. 66 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Consolidated Financial Statements TABLE OF CONTENTS Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting .............68 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income .................73 Independent Auditors’ Report ..............................................69 Consolidated Statements of Changes In Equity .........................74 Consolidated Financial Statements ......................................71 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ..................................75 Consolidated Balance Sheets .................................................71 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ..........................76 Consolidated Statements of Income .......................................72 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 67 MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING The consolidated financial statements of Canadian Western Bank (CWB) and related financial information presented in this annual report have been prepared by management, who are responsible for the integrity and fair presentation of the information presented, which includes the consolidated financial statements, management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) and other information. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, including the requirements of the Bank Act and related rules and regulations issued by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada. The MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of securities regulators, including National Instrument 51-102 of the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA). The consolidated financial statements, MD&A and related financial information reflect amounts which must, of necessity, be based on informed estimates and judgments of management with appropriate consideration to materiality. The financial information represented elsewhere in this annual report is fairly presented and consistent with the consolidated financial statements. Management has designed the accounting system and related internal controls, and supporting procedures are maintained to provide reasonable assurance that financial records are complete and accurate, assets are safeguarded and CWB is in compliance with all regulatory requirements. These supporting procedures include the careful selection and training of qualified staff, defined division of responsibilities and accountability for performance, and the written communication of policies and guidelines of business conduct and risk management throughout CWB. We, as CWB’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, will certify CWB’s annual filings with the CSA as required by National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings. The system of internal controls is also supported by our internal audit function, which carries out periodic internal audits of all aspects of CWB’s operations. The Chief Internal Auditor has full and free access to the Audit Committee and to the external auditors. The Audit Committee, appointed by the Board of Directors, is comprised entirely of independent directors who are not officers or employees of CWB. The Committee is responsible for reviewing the consolidated financial statements and annual report, including the MD&A, and recommending them to the Board of Directors for approval. Other key responsibilities of the Audit Committee include meeting with management, the Chief Internal Auditor and the external auditors to discuss the effectiveness of certain internal controls over the financial reporting process and the planning and results of the external audit. The Audit Committee also meets regularly with the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Internal Auditor and the external auditors without management present. The Governance and Conduct Review Committee, appointed by the Board of Directors, is comprised of directors who are not officers or employees of CWB. Their responsibilities include reviewing related party transactions and reporting to the Board of Directors, those related party transactions which may have a material impact on CWB. The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada, at least once a year, makes such examination and inquiry into the affairs of CWB and its federally regulated subsidiaries as is deemed necessary or expedient to satisfy themselves that the provisions of the relevant Acts, having reference to the safety of depositors, are being duly observed and that CWB is in a sound financial condition. KPMG LLP, the independent auditors appointed by the shareholders of CWB, have performed an audit of the consolidated financial statements and their report follows. The external auditors have full and free access to, and meet periodically with, the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and any resulting matters. Chris H. Fowler President and Chief Executive Officer December 3, 2020 Carolyn J. Graham, FCPA, FCA Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 68 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT To the Shareholders of Canadian Western Bank OPINION We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Canadian Western Bank (the Entity), which comprise: • the consolidated balance sheets as at October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 • the consolidated statements of income for the years then ended • the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years then ended • the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years then ended • the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended • and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies (Hereinafter referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Entity as at October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, and its consolidated financial performance, and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). BASIS FOR OPINION We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements” section of our auditors’ report. We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. OTHER INFORMATION Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises: • the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions. • the information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document likely to be entitled “2020 Annual Report”. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit and remain alert for indications that the other information appears to be materially misstated. We obtained the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions as at the date of this auditor’s report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in the auditors’ report. We have nothing to report in this regard. The information, other than the financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document likely to be entitled “2020 Annual Report” is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditors’ report. If, based on the work we will perform on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact to those charged with governance RESPONSIBILITIES OF MANAGEMENT AND THOSE CHARGED WITH GOVERNANCE FOR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Entity or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Entity‘s financial reporting process. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 69 AUDITORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity's internal control. • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. • Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern. • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. • Communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. • Provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group Entity to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. KPMG LLP Chartered Professional Accountants The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this auditors’ report is Arnold Singh Edmonton, Canada December 3, 2020 70 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ($ thousands) Assets Cash Resources Cash and non-interest bearing deposits with financial institutions Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions Cheques and other items in transit Securities Issued or guaranteed by Canada Issued or guaranteed by a province or municipality Other debt securities Preferred shares Securities Purchased Under Resale Agreements Loans Personal Business Allowance for credit losses Other Property and equipment Goodwill Intangible assets Derivatives Other assets Total Assets Liabilities and Equity Deposits Personal Business and government Other Cheques and other items in transit Securities sold under repurchase agreements Derivatives Other liabilities Debt Debt related to securitization activities Subordinated debentures Equity Preferred shares Limited recourse capital notes Common shares Retained earnings Share-based payment reserve Accumulated other comprehensive income Total Shareholders' Equity Non-controlling interests Total Equity Total Liabilities and Equity As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 $ 113,868 254,451 - 368,319 116,963 293,856 5,023 415,842 1,317,967 967,415 377,244 1,992 2,664,618 50,084 6,073,643 24,094,076 30,167,719 (159,326) 30,008,393 139,349 138,256 220,708 96,615 251,523 846,451 1,341,326 489,261 170,456 18,164 2,019,207 40,366 5,689,833 22,786,894 28,476,727 (110,834) 28,365,893 63,166 85,392 173,748 47,815 212,806 582,927 $ 33,937,865 $ 31,424,235 $ 15,661,320 11,649,034 $ 27,310,354 15,300,505 10,050,856 25,351,361 52,326 65,198 6,285 746,979 870,788 2,051,680 372,643 2,424,323 390,000 175,000 730,846 1,907,739 25,749 102,204 3,331,538 862 3,332,400 22,532 29,965 14,016 646,386 712,899 1,913,799 498,494 2,412,293 390,000 - 731,970 1,785,273 24,309 14,258 2,945,810 1,872 2,947,682 $ 33,937,865 $ 31,424,235 (Note 4) $ (Note 5) (Note 6) (Note 7) (Note 9) (Note 10) (Note 10) (Notes 11 and 27) (Note 12) (Note 13) (Notes 6 and 8) (Notes 11 and 27) (Note 14) (Notes 8 and 15) (Note 15) (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 17) (Note 18) The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. Robert L. Phillips Chair of the Board Chris H. Fowler President and Chief Executive Officer CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 71 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME For the Years Ended October 31 ($ thousands, except per share amounts) Interest Income Loans Securities Deposits with regulated financial institutions Interest Expense Deposits Debt Net Interest Income Non-interest Income Credit related Wealth management services Retail services Trust services Gains on securities, net Other Total Revenue Provision for Credit Losses Acquisition-related Fair Value Changes Non-interest Expenses Salaries and employee benefits Premises and equipment Other expenses Net Income before Income Taxes Income Taxes Net Income Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Shareholders' Net Income Preferred share dividends Common Shareholders' Net Income Average number of common shares (in thousands) Average number of diluted common shares (in thousands) Earnings Per Common Share Basic Diluted The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Note 25) $ 2020 2019 $ 1,336,002 29,046 3,866 1,368,914 1,379,730 30,696 8,274 1,418,700 499,140 70,363 569,503 799,411 34,921 33,565 9,679 8,377 9,428 2,014 97,984 897,395 92,167 - 281,408 80,362 74,876 436,646 368,582 97,032 271,550 968 270,582 21,626 573,479 59,637 633,116 785,584 34,082 19,640 10,627 7,651 301 3,719 76,020 861,604 57,758 7,854 257,966 70,515 77,000 405,481 390,511 102,665 287,846 1,052 286,794 19,854 (Notes 5 and 7) (Note 26) (Note 21) (Note 16) $ 248,956 $ 266,940 87,159 87,192 87,513 87,739 (Note 22) $ $ 2.86 2.86 3.05 3.04 72 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME For the Years Ended October 31 ($ thousands) Net Income Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax Items that will be subsequently reclassified to net income Debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Gains from change in fair value(1) Reclassification to net income(2) Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges Gains from change in fair value(3) Reclassification to net income(4) Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net income Gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income(5) Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income for the year attributable to: Shareholders Non-controlling interests Comprehensive Income (1) Net of income tax of $4,623 (2019 – $12,132). (2) Net of income tax of $2,003 (2019 – $116). (3) Net of income tax of $34,277 (2019 – $26,007). (4) Net of income tax of $10,843 (2019 – $140). (5) Net of income tax of $171 (2019 – $4,982). The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 2020 2019 $ 271,550 $ 287,846 14,046 (5,900) 8,146 105,003 (31,855) 73,148 528 81,822 34,301 (354) 33,947 71,361 (383) 70,978 (14,175) 90,750 $ 353,372 $ 378,596 $ 352,404 968 $ 377,544 1,052 $ 353,372 $ 378,596 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 73 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY For the Years Ended October 31 ($ thousands) Preferred Shares Balance at beginning of year Issued Balance at end of year Limited Recourse Capital Notes Balance at beginning of year Issued Balance at end of year Common Shares Balance at beginning of year Purchased for cancellation Transferred from share-based payment reserve on the exercise or exchange of options Issued under dividend reinvestment plan Balance at end of year Retained Earnings Balance at beginning of year Impact of adopting IFRS 16 on November 1, 2019 Impact of adopting IFRS 9 on November 1, 2018 Shareholders' net income Dividends - Preferred shares - Common shares Net premium on common shares purchased for cancellation Realized losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income Issuance costs on limited recourse capital notes Issuance costs on preferred shares Decrease in equity attributable to non-controlling interests ownership change Balance at end of year Share-based Payment Reserve Balance at beginning of year Amortization of fair value of options Transferred to common shares on the exercise or exchange of options Balance at end of year Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive income Balance at end of year Derivatives designated as cash flow hedge Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive income Balance at end of year Equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income Balance at beginning of year Other comprehensive income (loss) Realized losses reclassified to retained earnings Balance at end of year Total accumulated other comprehensive income Total Shareholders' Equity Non-controlling Interests Balance at beginning of year Net income attributable to non-controlling interests Dividends to non-controlling interests Ownership change Balance at end of year Total Equity n/a – not applicable The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 74 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report (Note 16) $ (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 1) (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 5) (Note 17) (Note 5) (Note 18) 2020 2019 390,000 - 390,000 - 175,000 175,000 731,970 (1,503) 379 - 730,846 1,785,273 (13,035) n/a 270,582 (21,626) (100,211) (3,642) (6,124) (2,157) - (1,321) 1,907,739 24,309 1,819 (379) 25,749 (2,021) 8,146 6,125 22,858 73,148 96,006 (6,579) 528 6,124 73 102,204 3,331,538 1,872 968 (862) (1,116) $ 265,000 125,000 390,000 - - - 744,701 (15,326) 1,245 1,350 731,970 1,649,196 n/a 22,514 286,794 (19,854) (94,573) (34,266) (20,370) - (3,007) (1,161) 1,785,273 23,937 1,617 (1,245) 24,309 (35,968) 33,947 (2,021) (48,120) 70,978 22,858 (12,774) (14,175) 20,370 (6,579) 14,258 2,945,810 2,751 1,052 (1,071) (860) 862 3,332,400 1,872 2,947,682 $ $ CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the Years Ended October 31 ($ thousands) Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net income Adjustments to determine net cash flows: Provision for credit losses Depreciation and amortization Amortization of fair value of employee stock options Current income taxes receivable and payable, net Accrued interest receivable and payable, net Deferred income taxes, net Gains on securities, net Fair value change in contingent consideration Change in operating assets and liabilities Deposits, net Debt related to securitization activities, net Derivative collateral payable Securities sold under repurchase agreements, net Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Loans, net Securities purchased under resale agreements, net Other items, net Cash Flows from Financing Activities Debentures redeemed Debentures issued, net of issuance costs Limited recourse capital notes issued, net of issuance costs Preferred shares issued, net of issuance costs Dividends Repayment of lease liabilities Common shares purchased for cancellation Non-controlling interests, ownership change, dividends and contributions Cash Flows from Investing Activities Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions, net Securities, purchased Securities, sales proceeds Securities, matured Property, equipment and intangible assets Acquisition, net of cash acquired Acquisition-related contingent consideration instalment payments Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year * * Represented by: Cash and non-interest bearing deposits with financial institutions Cheques and other items in transit (included in Cash Resources) Cheques and other items in transit (included in Other Liabilities) Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information Interest and dividends received Interest paid Income taxes paid The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. (Notes 5 and 7) (Note 17) (Note 26) (Note 15) (Note 15) (Note 16) (Note 16) (Note 1) (Note 16) (Note 3) (Note 26) 2020 2019 $ 271,550 $ 287,846 92,167 50,448 1,819 (60,813) (25,458) (10,173) (9,428) - 1,958,993 137,881 67,220 35,233 19,275 (1,733,375) (9,718) 74,858 860,479 (250,000) 123,694 172,843 - (121,837) (15,027) (5,145) (3,721) 57,758 32,444 1,617 56,162 41,672 (1,433) (301) 7,854 1,651,404 155,945 9,282 (65,161) 42,563 (2,202,000) (40,366) (15,298) 19,988 - 248,447 - 121,993 (113,077) - (49,592) (3,320) (99,193) 204,451 39,405 (12,117,629) 5,324,496 6,092,862 (54,819) (83,513) - (799,198) (37,912) 99,454 61,542 113,868 - (52,326) (267,031) (5,543,483) 2,454,694 3,219,365 (49,069) - (37,368) (222,892) 1,547 97,907 99,454 116,963 5,023 (22,532) $ $ 61,542 $ 99,454 1,397,866 602,860 189,973 $ 1,428,117 588,740 80,566 $ $ $ $ CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 75 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the Years Ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 ($ thousands, except per share amounts) 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION A) REPORTING ENTITY Canadian Western Bank (CWB) is a publicly traded, federally regulated Canadian bank headquartered in Edmonton, Alberta. We are a diversified financial services organization serving businesses and individuals across Canada. The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on December 3, 2020. B) BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of CWB and all of its subsidiaries, after the elimination of intercompany transactions and balances. Subsidiaries are defined as entities whose operations are controlled by CWB and are corporations in which we are the beneficial owner. Non- controlling interest in subsidiaries is presented on the consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of equity that is distinct from shareholders’ equity. The net income attributable to non-controlling interest in subsidiaries is presented separately in the consolidated income statements. See Note 30 for details of CWB’s subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historic cost basis, except the revaluation of the following items: financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss, or as fair value through other comprehensive income and contingent consideration. C) STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE These consolidated financial statements of CWB have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and in accordance with subsection 308 (4) of the Bank Act and the accounting requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (OSFI). The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these financial statements, including the accounting requirements of OSFI, are summarized below and in the following notes. D) USE OF ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the period. Key areas of estimation where we have made subjective judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain, include those relating to the allowance for credit losses, fair value of financial instruments, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, impairment of financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss, or as fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value of stock options. Therefore, actual results could differ from these estimates. COVID-19 Pandemic Considerations The Canadian economy experienced significant disruption and market volatility related to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The overall impact of the pandemic continues to be uncertain and is dependent on actions taken by Canadian governments, businesses and individuals to limit spread of the COVID-19 virus, as well as government economic response and support efforts. Information on critical judgments impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is described in Note 7 Loans, Impaired Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Additional information about the impact of COVID-19 on our risk management practices is provided in the Impact of COVID-19 and Our Response section of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). E) SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS Information on critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is described in Note 7 Loans, Impaired Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. F) BUSINESS COMBINATIONS Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the consideration, including contingent consideration, given at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is a financial instrument and, as such, is remeasured each period thereafter with the adjustment recorded to acquisition-related fair value changes in the consolidated statements of income. Acquisition-related costs are recognized as an expense in the income statement in the period in which they are incurred. The acquired identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are measured at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred, including any amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the net of the recognized amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. We elect on a transaction-by-transaction basis whether to measure a non-controlling interest at its fair value or at its proportionate share of the recognized amount of the identifiable net assets, at the acquisition date. 76 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report G) FUNCTIONAL AND FOREIGN CURRENCIES The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is our functional currency. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars at rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses in foreign currencies are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency positions are included in non-interest income. H) PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Management exercises judgment in determining whether a past event or transaction may result in the recognition of a provision or the disclosure of a contingent liability. Provisions are recognized in the consolidated financial statements when management determines that it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated, considering all relevant risks and uncertainties. Management as well as internal and external experts may be involved in estimating any amounts required. The actual costs of resolving these obligations may be significantly higher or lower than the recognized provision. I) SPECIFIC ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, except as noted. To facilitate a better understanding of our consolidated financial statements, the significant accounting policies are disclosed in the notes, where applicable, with related financial disclosures by major caption: Note Topic Note Topic 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Financial instruments Acquisition Cash resources Securities Securities sold under repurchase agreements and purchased under resale agreements Loans, impaired loans and allowance for credit losses Financial assets transferred but not derecognized Property and equipment Goodwill and intangible assets Derivative financial instruments Other assets Deposits Other liabilities Debt Capital stock J) CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES IFRS 16 Leases 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Share-based payments Non-controlling interests Contingent liabilities and commitments Employee future benefits Income taxes Earnings per common share Related party transactions Interest rate sensitivity Interest income Fair value of financial instruments Financial instruments - offsetting Risk management Capital management Subsidiaries Comparative figures We adopted IFRS 16 effective November 1, 2019, which replaced IAS 17 Leases (IAS 17). This standard provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. The standard sets out a single lessee accounting model for all leases and eliminates the distinction between operating and financing leases. Lessor accounting remains substantially unchanged. We elected to adopt IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, in which we recognized the cumulative effect on initial application in retained earnings as of November 1, 2019. Prior period comparatives were not restated. At November 1, 2019, lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments discounted at our weighted average incremental borrowing rate on that date of 3.01%. Right-of-use assets have generally been measured at an amount equal to the lease liability and adjusted by any prepaid or accrued lease payments. As permitted under IFRS 16, for select leases, we measured right-of-use assets retrospectively as if the standard had been applied since the commencement date of the lease, discounted using our November 1, 2019 incremental borrowing rate. On adoption, we applied the following recognition exemptions and practical expedients. We:  did not apply the requirements of IFRS 16 to short-term and low value leases;  treated existing operating leases with a remaining term of less than 12 months at November 1, 2019 as short-term leases;  applied a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics;  excluded initial direct costs related to existing leases from the measurement of the right-of-use assets;  relied on previous assessments of whether leases were onerous in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets immediately before the date of application as an alternative to performing an impairment review; and,  used hindsight to determine the lease term where our lease contracts contain options to extend or terminate the lease. The adoption of IFRS 16 resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of $79,874 within property and equipment and lease liabilities of $98,863 within other liabilities, primarily related to premises leases previously classified as operating leases. A transition adjustment of $13,035, net of taxes, reduced retained earnings primarily representing the difference between the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 77 The following table reconciles our minimum future operating lease commitments as at October 31, 2019, to the lease obligations recognized on initial application of IFRS 16 at November 1, 2019: Lease commitments at October 31, 2019 Short-term leases – transition exemption Low-value leases – transition exemption Extension and termination options reasonably certain to be exercised Commitments for leases that have not yet commenced Undiscounted lease payments Discount effect at November 1, 2019 Lease Liabilities Recognized as at November 1, 2019 Accounting Policies for Leases under IFRS 16 $ 92,584 (216) (13) 28,470 (7,045) 113,780 (14,917) $ 98,863 As a lessee, new arrangements are assessed to determine whether a contract is or contains a lease in accordance with IFRS 16. A contract is or contains a lease if, in return for consideration, the contract conveys the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from and direct the use of an identified asset for a period of time. If the arrangement meets this definition, we initially record a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability at the date the leased asset is available for use, subject to certain adjustments. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of contractual lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. In instances where we cannot determine the implicit lease rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate. In determining the lease term, we assess whether it is reasonably certain we will exercise the extension or termination options. This assessment considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise these options. Reassessment occurs if there is a significant change in circumstances. Where we are reasonably certain to exercise extension and termination options, they are included in the expected lease term. Interest expense on the lease liability is recorded using the effective interest rate method and presented within interest expense in the consolidated statements of income over the remaining lease term. Lease liabilities are remeasured when a modification to the lease contract occurs, which may include adjustments to future lease payments, or changes in assumptions related to the exercise of purchase, extension, or termination options. Right-of-use assets are initially measured based on the amount of the related lease liabilities, adjusted for initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle, remove, or restore the asset, less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the earlier of the lease term and the expected life. If ownership will transfer to us or we are reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option at the end of the lease term, the expected life of the right-of- use asset is used. Right-of-use-asset depreciation is recognized in premises and equipment expense in the consolidated statements of income. Right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any related accumulated impairments. We apply IAS 36 Impairment of Assets to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and account for any impairment loss as described in the premises and equipment accounting policies in Note 9. We have elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease contracts where the total term of the respective lease contract is less than or equal to 12 months or for low value lease contracts. Payments for short-term leases and low-value asset leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis within premises and equipment expense in the consolidated statements of income. Accounting Policies for Leases under IAS 17 The following accounting policies were applied to comparative information for the year ended October 31, 2019, as prior periods were not restated upon adoption of IFRS 16. As lessees, we previously classified leases as either a finance or operating lease depending on whether substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset were transferred. Leases that transferred substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership of property were classified as finance leases. All other arrangements that were determined to contain a lease were classified as operating leases. Our leases, primarily branches and office premises, were previously classified as operating leases and were not capitalized. Total costs, including free rent periods and step- rent increases, were expensed on a straight-line basis within premises and equipment in the consolidated statements of income over the lease term. K) FUTURE ACCOUNTING CHANGES A number of standards and amendments have been issued by the IASB, and the following changes may have an impact on our future financial statements. Interest Rate Benchmark Reform In September 2019, the IASB issued Phase 1 amendments to hedge accounting requirements in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures which address the possible effects of uncertainties created by Inter-bank Offered Rate (IBOR) reform. The amendments are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted. We have not early adopted the revised standards and determined there will be no significant impact upon adoption. In August 2020, the IASB finalized its Phase 2 response to the ongoing IBOR and other interest rate benchmark reform by issuing a package of amendments to IFRS standards which focus on accounting and disclosure matters that will arise once an existing benchmark is replaced with an alternative benchmark rate. The amendments provide practical expedients if contract modifications result directly from IBOR reform and occur on an economic equivalent basis. In these cases, changes may be accounted for by updating the effective interest rate. Further, existing hedging relationships are not required to be discontinued if changes in hedge documentation are required solely by IBOR reform. The amendments are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2021 with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of assessing the impact of these amendments. 78 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting In March 2018, the IASB issued a revised version of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting which assists the IASB in developing IFRS standards and serves as an accounting policy guide when no IFRS standard applies. The amendments provide revised definitions and recognition criteria for assets and liabilities, and guidance on different measurement bases. The IASB also issued amendments to IFRS standards to refer to the revised framework. The revisions are effective for CWB’s fiscal year beginning November 1, 2020. We have assessed the revised framework and determined there will be no significant impact upon adoption. 2. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS As a financial institution, most of our balance sheets are comprised of financial instruments and the majority of net income results from gains, losses, income and expenses related to the same. Financial assets include cash resources, securities, securities purchased under resale agreements, loans, derivative financial instruments and certain other assets. Financial liabilities include deposits, cheques and other items in transit, securities sold under repurchase agreements, derivative financial instruments, debt and certain other liabilities. The use of financial instruments exposes CWB to credit, liquidity and market risk. A discussion of how these are managed can be found in the Risk Management section of the MD&A. CLASSIFICATION AND MEASURMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS Initial Recognition and Measurement Financial assets consist of both debt and equity instruments. Financial assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or amortized cost. Derivatives are measured at FVTPL, except to the extent that they are designated in a hedging relationship, in which case the IAS 39 hedge accounting requirements are applied as described in Note 11. Debt Instruments Debt instruments, including loans and debt securities, are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently classified and measured at FVTPL, FVOCI or amortized cost based on the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument and the business model under which the asset is held. The intent of the assessment of the contractual cash flow characteristics of an instrument is to determine if contractual payments to be received represent solely principal and interest (SPPI), consistent with a basic lending arrangement. Principal, for the purposes of the test, is defined as the fair value of the instrument at initial recognition and is subject to change over its life due to transactions such as repayments and amortization of related premiums or discounts. Interest represents consideration for the time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks and costs, such as liquidity risk and administrative costs, as well as a profit margin. Contractual terms that introduce risks or volatility that are unrelated to a basic lending arrangement do not represent cash flows that are SPPI and as a result, the related financial asset is classified and measured at FVTPL. For debt instruments that meet the requirements of the SPPI test, classification at initial recognition is determined based on the business model under which the assets are managed. Considerations include how performance of the debt instruments is evaluated, the risks that affect the performance of the business model, and how those risks are managed, and the manner in which management is compensated. Potential business models are as follows:  Held to collect: Objective is to collect contractual cash flows.  Held to collect and sell: Objective is to both collect contractual cash flows and sell the financial assets.  Held for sale or other business models: Encompasses all other business models. CWB does not currently hold assets within this category. The use of judgment is required in assessing both the contractual cash flow characteristics and the business model of debt instruments. Measured at Amortized Cost Debt instruments measured at amortized cost are managed under a ‘held to collect’ business model and have contractual cash flows that satisfy the requirements of the SPPI test. These financial assets are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, net of allowance for credit losses estimated based on the expected credit loss (ECL) approach. Measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income Debt instruments measured at FVOCI, which are managed under a ‘held to collect and sell’ business model and have contractual cash flows that represent SPPI, are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, unrealized gains and losses related to the debt instruments are recorded in other comprehensive income (OCI), net of tax. Impairment losses and recoveries, estimated using an ECL approach, are recognized in the consolidated statements of income and correspondingly reduce the accumulated changes in fair value recorded in OCI. Gains and losses realized on disposal of debt instruments classified at FVOCI are included in the consolidated statements of income Equity Instruments Equity instruments are classified and measured at FVTPL unless an irrevocable election is made to designate non-trading instruments at FVOCI at the time of initial recognition. If the election is applied, unrealized gains and losses are recorded in OCI, net of tax, and are not subsequently reclassified to the consolidated statements of income. When realized, gains and losses that arise upon derecognition are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings. Equity securities are not subject to an impairment assessment. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 79 IMPAIRMENT Expected Credit Loss Approach The ECL approach categorizes financial assets into three stages based on changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the asset. A financial asset can move between stages depending on improvement or deterioration of credit risk. Performing Assets • Stage 1: From initial recognition until the date on which the financial asset experiences a significant increase in credit risk (SICR), the allowance for credit losses is measured based on ECL from defaults occurring in the 12 months following the reporting date. • Stage 2: A financial asset migrates to Stage 2 when it experiences a SICR subsequent to initial recognition and the allowance for credit losses is measured based on ECL from defaults occurring over the remaining life of the asset. Impaired Assets • Stage 3: When a financial asset is identified as credit-impaired, it migrates to Stage 3 and an allowance for credit losses equal to full lifetime ECL is recognized. Interest income is recognized on the carrying amount of the asset, net of the allowance for credit losses. ECL represents the discounted probability-weighted estimate of cash shortfalls expected to result from defaults over the relevant time horizon. ECL estimations are a function of the probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD). PD, which represents the estimate of the likelihood of default, considers past events, current market conditions and forward-looking information over the relevant time horizon. LGD represents an estimate of loss arising from default based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due and those that CWB expects to receive, including consideration for the amount and quality of collateral held. EAD represents an estimate of the exposure at a future default date, taking into account estimated future repayments of principal and draws on committed facilities. For most financial assets, ECL is estimated on an individual basis. Financial assets for which an allowance for credit losses is estimated on a collective basis are grouped based on similar credit risk characteristics. Forward-looking Information The estimation of ECL and the assessment of SICR consider information about past events and current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable projections of future events and economic conditions. The estimation and application of forward-looking information requires significant judgment. With consideration of several external sources of information, we formulate a base case view of the future direction of relevant macroeconomic variables, which is updated quarterly. A representative range of other possible forecast scenarios is developed to incorporate multiple probability-weighted outcomes. The base case scenario represents the best estimate of forecast macroeconomic variables. Additional information regarding the incorporation of forward-looking information and the related judgment and estimation involved in the process is described in Note 7. Assessment of Significant Increases in Credit Risk At each reporting date, we assess whether a financial asset has experienced a SICR since initial recognition by comparing the risk of a default occurring over the asset’s remaining expected life at the reporting date and the date of initial recognition. The assessment of changes in credit risk is performed at least quarterly, generally at the instrument level. Significant judgment is also required in the application of SICR thresholds. The thresholds used to define SICR are not expected to change frequently, and will be reassessed as needed based on significant changes in credit risk management practices. Refer to Note 7 for additional information regarding the assessment of SICR. Expected Life When measuring ECL, we consider the maximum contractual period over which an exposure to credit risk exists. For most instruments, the expected life is limited to the remaining contractual life, including prepayment and extension options. For certain revolving credit facilities, the expected life is estimated based on the period over which we are exposed to credit risk and how credit losses are mitigated by management actions. Modified Financial Assets The original terms of a financial asset may be renegotiated or otherwise modified, resulting in an impact to contractual cash flows. In particular, in an effort to minimize our realized losses, modifications may be granted in situations where a borrower experiences financial difficulty. Modifications may include payment deferrals, extension of amortization periods, interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, debt consolidation or forbearance. If it is determined that the modification results in expiry of cash flows, the original asset is derecognized and a new asset is recognized based on the new contractual terms. Where a modification does not result in derecognition, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset is recalculated as the present value of the renegotiated or modified contractual cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate, and a gain or loss is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of income. The financial asset continues to be subject to the same assessment for SICR relative to initial recognition. Expected cash flows arising from the modified contractual terms are considered when estimating ECL for the modified asset. Financial assets that are modified while having an allowance for credit losses equal to lifetime ECL may revert to having to an allowance for credit losses equal to 12-month ECL after a period of performance and improvement in the borrower’s financial condition. 80 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Definition of Default The definition of default used in the estimation of ECL is consistent with the definition of default used for internal credit risk management purposes. Loans are determined to be in default and classified as impaired when payments are contractually past due 90 days or more, when we have commenced realization proceedings, or when we are of the opinion that the loan should be regarded as impaired based on objective evidence. Objective evidence that a loan is impaired may include significant financial difficulty of a borrower, default or delinquency of a borrower, breach of loan covenants or conditions, or indications that a borrower will enter bankruptcy. Financial assets are reviewed on an ongoing basis to assess whether any should be classified as impaired. Loans that have become impaired are monitored closely by a specialized team with regular reviews of each loan and its realization plan. Impaired loans are returned to performing status when the timely collection of both principal and interest is reasonably assured and all delinquent principal and interest payments are brought current. Write-offs Financial assets are written off, either partially or in full, against the related allowance for credit losses when we conclude that there is no realistic prospect of future recovery in respect of those amounts. When financial assets are secured, this is generally after all collateral has been realized or transferred to us, or in certain circumstances, when the net realizable value of any collateral and other available information suggests that there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery. In subsequent periods, any recoveries of amounts previously written off are recorded as a reduction to the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. 3. ACQUISITION On June 1, 2020, we acquired 100% of the common shares of iA Investment Counsel Inc., comprising the businesses of T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates (the wealth acquisition), in exchange for $87 million cash. The wealth acquisition is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3 Business Combinations as described in Note 1. The results of operations from the wealth acquisition have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. T.E. Wealth and Leon Frazer & Associates provide financial planning and wealth management services that target high-net-worth clients as well as investment management and financial education services to Indigenous communities. The wealth acquisition has a significant client base in Ontario as well as across Canada, including Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia. Along with $6 billion of off-balance sheet assets under management, advisement and administration, the following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date: Assets and Liabilities Acquired at Fair Value Goodwill Intangible assets Property and equipment Cash and non-interest bearing deposits with financial institutions Other assets(1) Other liabilities(2) Net Assets Acquired (1) (2) Includes accounts receivable of $9,870, with a carrying value which approximates fair value. Includes deferred tax liability of $7,767. $ June 1 2020 52,506 33,123 5,703 3,303 10,384 (18,203) $ 86,816 Intangible assets include customer relationships, brands, and software. Goodwill primarily reflects the value of future growth prospects and expected business synergies from combining the acquired businesses with our existing wealth management businesses. The goodwill and the majority of intangible assets are not deductible for income tax purposes. Since June 1, 2020, the wealth acquisition contributed $14,681 of wealth management non-interest income and a net loss of $661, including after-tax acquisition and integration costs of $2,442 and amortization of acquisition related intangible assets of $898. If the acquisition had occurred on November 1, 2019, the wealth acquisition would have contributed approximately $36 million to wealth management non-interest income and a net loss of approximately $2 million, including the estimated amortization of acquisition related intangible assets of approximately $2 million to October 31, 2020. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 81 4. CASH RESOURCES Cash resources include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. Cheques and other items in transit included in cash resources are recorded at amortized cost and represent the net position of uncleared cheques and other items in transit. Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions included in cash resources are classified and measured at FVOCI as the requirements of the SPPI test are satisfied and the deposits are managed under a ‘hold to collect and sell’ business model. Changes in fair value are reported in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes. At October 31, 2020, the fair value of deposits with regulated financial institutions was $254,451 (October 31, 2019 – $293,856) with $21,515 (October 31, 2019 – $20,355) restricted from use in relation to the securitization of equipment financing leases and loans. 5. SECURITIES Classification and Measurement The securities portfolio consists of both debt securities and preferred shares. The applicable measurement categories are as follows: Debt Securities Debt securities, which are measured at FVOCI, have contractual cash flows that satisfy the requirements of the SPPI test and are purchased with the objective of collecting contractual cash flows and selling the assets in response to, or in anticipation of, changes in interest rate, credit or foreign currency risk, funding sources, terms or to meet liquidity requirements. Debt securities measured at FVOCI are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in OCI, net of tax, until the security is sold. Gains and losses realized upon sale of the securities are recorded in gains (losses) on securities, net in the consolidated statements of income. Interest income earned is recorded using the effective interest method. Preferred Shares CWB has made the irrevocable election to measure preferred shares, which are equity instruments held for long-term investment purposes, at FVOCI. Dividends from preferred shares are recognized in interest income in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in OCI, net of tax, and are subsequently transferred directly to retained earnings if the instrument is sold. The analysis of securities at carrying value, by type and maturity or reprice date, follows: Maturity/Reprice Within 1 Year 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years Greater than 5 years As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 Measured at FVOCI Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions(1) $ 254,451 $ - $ - $ - $ 254,451 $ 293,856 Debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada A province or municipality Other debt securities(2) Designated at FVOCI Preferred shares Total 515,089 62,428 213,279 637,354 370,255 137,906 1,992 - 127,164 34,732 - - 38,360 1,317,967 1,341,326 - 26,059 967,415 377,244 489,261 170,456 - 1,992 18,164 $ 1,547,239 $ 1,145,515 S 161,896 $ 64,419 $ 2,919,069 $ 2,313,063 (1) (2) Included in cash resources on the consolidated balance sheets. Includes securities issued or guaranteed by the United States Treasury of $93,078 (October 31, 2019 – $76,033). 82 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Unrealized Gains and Losses Unrealized gains and losses related to debt securities and cash resources measured at FVOCI and equity securities designated at FVOCI are as follows: Measured at FVOCI Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions Debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada A province or municipality Other debt securities Designated at FVOCI Preferred shares Total Measured at FVOCI Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions Debt securities issued or guaranteed by Canada A province or municipality Other debt securities Designated at FVOCI Preferred shares Total As at October 31, 2020 Amortized Cost(1) Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value $ 254,442 $ 11 $ 2 $ 254,451 1,313,002 964,084 376,377 5,232 3,394 1,126 267 63 259 1,317,967 967,415 377,244 1,953 39 - 1,992 $ 2,909,858 $ 9,802 $ 591 $ 2,919,069 As at October 31, 2019 Amortized Cost(1) Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value $ 293,865 $ - $ 9 $ 293,856 1,344,455 489,361 170,431 477 290 76 3,606 390 51 1,341,326 489,261 170,456 26,648 - 8,484 18,164 $ 2,324,760 $ 843 $ 12,540 $ 2,313,063 (1) The amortized cost of debt securities and cash resources measured at FVOCI is net of an allowance for credit losses of $349 (October 31, 2019 – $196). During the year ended October 31, 2020, we disposed of preferred shares with a fair value of $16,690 (October 31, 2019 – $56,279). Related to the dispositions, we reclassified cumulative after-tax realized losses of $6,124 from AOCI to retained earnings (October 31, 2019 – $20,370). Dividend income recognized in the consolidated statements of income on preferred shares that were held at October 31, 2020 totaled $41 (October 31, 2019 – $999). Dividend income recognized in the consolidated statements of income related to preferred shares disposed during the year totaled $117 (October 31, 2019 – $1,355). Impairment Impairment losses and recoveries on debt securities measured at FVOCI, estimated using an ECL approach, are recognized in the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income and correspondingly reduce the accumulated changes in fair value recorded in OCI. During the year ended October 31, 2020, credit losses of $153 (October 31, 2019 – reversal of $103) were recorded in the consolidated statements of income related to a reduction in the estimated allowance for credit losses on performing debt securities measured at FVOCI, all of which were in Stage 1 as at October 31, 2020 (October 31, 2019 – increase). 6. SECURITIES SOLD UNDER REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND PURCHASED UNDER RESALE AGREEMENTS Securities sold under repurchase agreements represent the sale of Government of Canada securities or United States Treasury securities by CWB effected with a simultaneous agreement to purchase them back at a specified price on a future date, which is generally short term. The difference between the proceeds of the sale and the predetermined cost to be paid on a resale agreement is recorded as deposit interest expense. Securities purchased under resale agreements represent the purchase of Government of Canada or United States Treasury securities by CWB effected with a simultaneous agreement to sell them back at a specified price on a future date, which is generally short term. The difference between the cost of the purchase and the predetermined proceeds to be received on a resale agreement is recorded as securities interest income. Securities sold under repurchase agreements and purchased under resale agreements are classified and measured at amortized cost in the consolidated balance sheets. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 83 7. LOANS, IMPAIRED LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES Loans at Amortized Cost Loans, including leases, which are measured at amortized cost and stated net of unearned income, unamortized premiums or discounts and allowance for credit losses, are originated or purchased with the objective of collecting contractual cash flows and generate cash flows that satisfy the requirements of the SPPI test. Loan fees integral to the yield, net of transaction costs, are amortized to interest income using the effective interest method. The composition of our loan portfolio by geographic region and industry sector follows: BC AB ON SK QC MB Other Total Composition Percentage Oct. 31 2020 Oct. 31 2019 $ 1,639 $ 1,680 $ 2,233 $ 274 $ - $ 129 $ 119 $ 6,074 20% 20% ($ millions) Personal(1) Business General commercial loans Commercial mortgages Equipment financing and leasing(2) Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans 2,917 2,802 797 1,567 - 2,930 2,291 1,339 1,110 179 2,801 176 1,424 382 - 307 276 462 87 16 286 15 624 13 - 302 136 264 93 - 154 9,697 - 344 - - 5,696 5,254 3,252 195 32 19 17 11 1 30 18 18 13 1 8,083 7,849 4,783 1,148 938 795 498 24,094 80 80 Total(3) $ 9,722 $ 9,529 $ 7,016 $ 1,422 $ 938 $ 924 $ 617 $ 30,168 100% 100% Composition Percentage October 31, 2020 October 31, 2019 32% 33% 32% 32% 23% 22% 5% 5% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 100% 100% Includes mortgages securitized through the National Housing Act Mortgage Backed Securities program reported on-balance sheet of $1,093 (October 31, 2019 – $837) (see Note 8). Includes securitized leases and loans reported on-balance sheet of $1,678 (October 31, 2019 – $1,613) (see Note 8). (1) (2) (3) This table does not include an allocation of the allowance for credit losses. Credit Quality Internal Risk Ratings Within our loan portfolios, borrowers are assigned a borrower risk rating (BRR) that reflects the credit quality of the obligor using industry and sector-specific risk models and expert credit judgment. BRRs are assessed and assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed at least annually, with the exception of consumer loans and single unit residential mortgages. More frequent reviews are conducted for borrowers with weaker risk ratings, borrowers that trigger a review based on adverse changes in financial performance and borrowers requiring or requesting changes to credit facilities. Each BRR has a PD calibrated against it, which is estimated based on our historical loss experience for each risk segment or risk rating level, adjusted for forward-looking information. Our BRR scale broadly aligns to external ratings as follows: Description Investment grade or low risk Non-investment grade or medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired CWB Rating Category Standard & Poor’s Moody’s Investor Services 1 to 6M 6L to 8L 9H to 10L 11 to 12 AAA to BBB- BB+ to CCC+ CCC and below Default Aaa to Baa3 Ba1 to Caa1 Caa2 and below Default 84 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Carrying Value of Exposures by Risk Rating Gross carrying amounts of loans and the contractual amounts of committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit, categorized based on internal risk ratings, are as follows: Loans – Personal Low risk Medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, net of allowance for credit losses Loans – Business Investment grade or low risk Non-investment grade or medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, net of allowance for credit losses Total loans Allowance for credit losses As at October 31, 2020 Performing Stage 1 Stage 2 Impaired Stage 3 Total $ $ 1,825,017 543,315 - - 2,368,332 (1,338) 2,366,994 $ 1,549,911 1,900,608 228,311 - 3,678,830 (5,360) 3,673,470 - - - 26,481 26,481 (829) 25,652 $ 3,374,928 2,443,923 228,311 26,481 6,073,643 (7,527) 6,066,116 1,679,587 15,545,571 - - 17,225,158 (55,829) 17,169,329 19,593,490 (57,167) 157,541 5,837,525 643,192 - 6,638,258 (62,664) 6,575,594 10,317,088 (68,024) - - - 230,660 230,660 (33,306) 1,837,128 21,383,096 643,192 230,660 24,094,076 (151,799) 197,354 23,942,277 257,141 (34,135) 30,167,719 (159,326) Total Loans, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses $ 19,536,323 $ 10,249,064 $ 223,006 $ 30,008,393 Committed but Undrawn Credit Exposures and Letters of Credit Investment grade or low risk Non-investment grade or medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses $ $ 1,001,324 3,110,428 - - 4,111,752 (1,682) $ 159,135 1,865,438 34,498 - 2,059,071 (3,405) $ 4,110,070 $ 2,055,666 $ - - - - - - - $ 1,160,459 4,975,866 34,498 - 6,170,823 (5,087) $ 6,165,736 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 85 Loans – Personal Low risk Medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, net of allowance for credit losses Loans – Business Investment grade or low risk Non-investment grade or medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, net of allowance for credit losses Total loans Allowance for credit losses As at October 31, 2019 Performing Impaired Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total $ $ 2,955,248 2,034,651 - - 4,989,899 (1,614) 4,988,285 1,667,859 20,059,887 - - 21,727,746 (59,957) 21,667,789 26,717,645 (61,571) $ 48,534 507,047 114,085 - 669,666 (1,469) 668,197 32,794 617,162 291,210 - 941,166 (21,830) 919,336 1,610,832 (23,299) - - - 30,268 30,268 (1,036) 29,232 $ 3,003,782 2,541,698 114,085 30,268 5,689,833 (4,119) 5,685,714 - - - 117,982 117,982 (24,928) 1,700,653 20,677,049 291,210 117,982 22,786,894 (106,715) 93,054 22,680,179 148,250 (25,964) 28,476,727 (110,834) Total Loans, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses $ 26,656,074 $ 1,587,533 $ 122,286 $ 28,365,893 Committed but Undrawn Credit Exposures and Letters of Credit Investment grade or low risk Non-investment grade or medium risk Watchlist or high risk Impaired Total Allowance for credit losses Total, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses Payment Deferrals $ $ 1,029,967 4,518,220 - - 5,548,187 (2,601) $ 2,655 108,812 19,484 - 130,951 (1,590) $ 5,545,586 $ 129,361 $ - - - - - - - $ 1,032,622 4,627,032 19,484 - 5,679,138 (4,191) $ 5,674,947 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we considered payment deferral requests from eligible commercial and personal customers. The agreement to a payment deferral on its own does not represent a significant increase in credit risk for an individual borrower that required migration from Stage 1 to Stage 2 under IFRS 9, nor are facilities with payment deferrals considered past due. Loans that have migrated to Stage 2 have experienced a significant increase in credit risk due to the adverse shift in economic conditions and forecasts. In assessing credit risk, we monitor the credit quality of impacted borrowers using sound credit risk management practices. The loan modifications due to payment deferrals did not result in any modification gains or losses. Details regarding the number and balance of loans under payment deferral terms within Stages 1 and 2 included in the Carrying Value of Exposures by Risk Rating table above, are as follows: ($ millions, except number of loans) Personal loans and mortgages General commercial loans Commercial mortgages Equipment financing and leasing Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans Total As at October 31, 2020 Stage 1 Stage 2 Total Number of Loans Balance Number of Loans Balance Number of Loans Balance 146 $ 44 45 252 - - 52 127 126 55 - - 352 $ 122 498 $ 24 10 124 - - 76 28 46 - - 68 55 376 - - 174 203 154 101 - - 487 $ 360 510 $ 272 997 $ 632 86 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Impaired and Past Due Loans Outstanding gross loans and impaired loans, net of allowance for credit losses, by loan type, are as follows: As at October 31, 2020 As at October 31, 2019 Gross Amount Gross Impaired Amount(1) Stage 3 Allowance Net Impaired Loans Gross Amount Gross Impaired Amount(1) Stage 3 Allowance Net Impaired Loans $ 6,073,643 $ 26,481 $ 829 $ 25,652 $ 5,689,833 $ 30,268 $ 1,036 $ 29,232 Personal Business General commercial loans Commercial mortgages(2) Equipment financing and leasing Real estate project loans Oil and gas production loans 9,697,325 5,695,614 5,253,503 3,252,519 195,115 90,628 48,797 63,642 24,858 2,735 21,261 1,719 10,326 - - 69,367 47,078 53,316 24,858 2,735 8,599,527 5,088,193 5,191,901 3,752,480 154,793 26,030 22,950 43,767 5,446 19,789 7,030 2,764 15,134 - - 19,000 20,186 28,633 5,446 19,789 Total $ 30,167,719 $ 257,141 $ 34,135 $ 223,006 $ 28,476,727 $ 148,250 $ 25,964 $ 122,286 (1) Gross impaired loans include foreclosed assets with a carrying value of $4,357 (October 31, 2019 – 4,217). CWB pursues timely realization on foreclosed assets and does not use the assets for its own operations. (2) Multi-family residential mortgages are included in commercial mortgages. During the year, interest recognized as income on impaired loans totaled $7,801 (2019 – $3,328). Outstanding impaired loans, net of allowance for credit losses, by provincial location of security are as follows: Alberta British Columbia Ontario Saskatchewan Quebec Manitoba Other Total As at October 31, 2020 As at October 31, 2019 Gross Impaired Amount Stage 3 Allowance Net Impaired Loans Gross Impaired Amount Stage 3 Allowance $ 105,487 $ 14,292 $ 91,195 $ 77,891 $ 10,692 $ 40,304 60,892 23,692 8,636 4,007 14,123 4,659 8,104 2,103 1,942 2,356 679 35,645 52,788 21,589 6,694 1,651 13,444 17,488 20,126 10,529 6,622 11,831 3,763 1,349 4,157 2,181 1,886 4,795 904 Net Impaired Loans 67,199 16,139 15,969 8,348 4,736 7,036 2,859 $ 257,141 $ 34,135 $ 223,006 $ 148,250 $ 25,964 $ 122,286 Loans are considered past due when a customer has not made a payment by the contractual due date. The following table presents the carrying value of loans that are contractually past due but not classified as impaired: As at October 31, 2020 Personal Business Total As at October 31, 2019 Allowance for Credit Losses 1 - 30 days 31 - 60 days 61 - 90 days Total 38,975 $ 9,874 $ 1,770 $ 50,619 100,685 31,925 16,559 149,169 139,660 $ 41,799 $ 18,329 $ 199,788 169,979 $ 74,030 $ 11,355 $ 255,364 $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses related to performing loans is estimated using an ECL approach that incorporates a number of underlying assumptions which involve a high degree of management judgment and can have a significant impact on financial results. The allowance for credit losses is our most significant accounting estimate. Significant key drivers impacting the estimation of ECL, which are interrelated, include: • changes in internal risk ratings attributable to a borrower or instrument reflecting changes in credit quality; • thresholds used to determine when a borrower has experienced a SICR; and, • changes in forward-looking information, specifically related to variables to which the ECL models are calibrated. The inputs and models used for estimating ECL may not always capture all emerging market conditions at the reporting date and as such, qualitative adjustments based on expert judgment that consider reasonable and supportable information may be incorporated. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 87 Assessment of Significant Increases in Credit Risk The determination of whether a loan has experienced a SICR has a significant impact on the estimation of allowance for credit losses as 12-month ECL is recorded for loans in Stage 1 and lifetime ECL are recorded for loans that have migrated to Stage 2. Movement between Stages 1 and 2 is impacted by changes in borrower-specific risk characteristics as well as changes in applicable forward-looking information. The main factors considered in assessing whether a loan has experienced a SICR are relative changes in internal risk ratings since initial recognition, incorporating forward-looking information, and certain other criteria such as 30 days past due and migration to watchlist status. Forecasting Forward-looking Information Forward-looking information is incorporated into both the assessment of whether a loan has experienced a SICR since its initial recognition and the estimation of ECL. The models used to estimate ECL consider macroeconomic factors that are most closely correlated with credit risk in the relevant portfolios and are calibrated to consider our geographic diversification. As indicated in Note 1, COVID-19 and the measures taken by Canadian federal, provincial and municipal governments to limit its spread have had a material adverse impact on the Canadian economy. To mitigate the economic impact, governments enacted policy measures to provide economic stimulus and financial support to individuals and businesses, and to settle financial market volatility. The forward-looking macroeconomic scenario described below reflects our best estimate as at October 31, 2020, calibrated to an average of the large Canadian banks’ macroeconomic forecasts. The rapidly evolving nature of this pandemic and its impacts on the economy, along with government relief and stimulus, has led to continuously changing macroeconomic assumptions. Hindsight cannot be used, so while these evolving assumptions may result in future forecasts that differ from those used in the ECL estimation as at October 31, 2020, those changes will be reflected in future quarters. The primary macroeconomic variables, for each quarter over the next 12 months and the remaining forecast period thereafter, used to estimate ECL are as follows: Macroeconomic Variable Forecast January 31 2021 April 30 2021 July 31 2021 October 31 2021 Remaining Forecast Period GDP growth (decline), quarter over quarter, annualized (5) % (1) % 13 % 6 % 3 % Unemployment rate Housing price growth (decline), year over year Three-month treasury bill rate U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate $ WTI oil price (U.S. dollar per barrel) 9 1 0.2 1.36 40 8 (2) 0.2 $ 1.35 $ 45 8 3 0.2 1.34 46 $ 7 1 0.2 1.34 46 $ 6 2 2.4 1.34 49 The primary macroeconomic variables impacting ECL for personal loan portfolios are unemployment rates and Multiple Listings Service (MLS) housing resale price growth. Business portfolios are impacted by all of the variables in the table above, to varying degrees. Increases in unemployment rates and interest rates will generally correlate with higher expected credit losses while increases in oil price, annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and MLS housing resale price growth, and the U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate will generally result in lower ECL. The forecast scenario presented in the table above incorporates assumptions about the resulting economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on information and facts available at October 31, 2020. The forecast assumes a gradual and continued recovery of the economy and the estimated impact of various government and central bank stimulus programs. Housing price growth typically lags behind other economic factors, with a slight dip forecast in 2021, followed by a resumption of growth. The oil price forecast begins at the current price with a gradual recovery following increased energy demand as the economy recovers. ECL is sensitive to changes in both the scenario described above as well as the incorporation of multiple macroeconomic scenarios. Our models include a simulation incorporating a large volume of alternate macroeconomic scenarios into our ECL estimate. This approach resulted in an increase of approximately $12 million to the performing loan allowance for credit losses at October 31, 2020, relative to using only the forecast scenario presented above. We continue to supplement our modeled ECL to reflect expert credit judgments to our estimation of ECL. These expert credit judgments account for the variability in the results provided by the models and consider the impact of both tail-risk events and the lagging impacts of typical credit cycles. These expert credit judgments also allow us to incorporate the estimated impact of the unprecedented levels of government stimulus and support, which cannot be modelled historically as they have not occurred in the past, or any risks of uncertainties that we believe have not been fully reflected in our underlying models. Stage 3 Allowance for Credit Losses For impaired loans in Stage 3, the allowance for credit losses is measured for each loan as the difference between the carrying value of the loan at the time it is classified as impaired and the present value of the cash flows we expects to receive, using the original effective interest rate of the loan. When the amounts and timing of future cash flows cannot be reliably estimated, either the fair value of the security underlying the loan, net of any expected realization costs, or the current market price for the loan may be used to measure the estimated realizable amount. Security can vary by type of loan and may include real property, working capital, guarantees, or other equipment. 88 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Reconciliation A reconciliation of changes in the allowance for credit losses related to loans, committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit follows: Personal Balance at beginning of year Transfers to (from) Stage 1(1) Stage 2(1) Stage 3(1) Net remeasurement(2) New originations Derecognitions and maturities Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(3) Write-offs Recoveries Balance at end of year Business Balance at beginning of year Transfers to (from) Stage 1(1) Stage 2(1) Stage 3(1) Net remeasurement(2) New originations Derecognitions and maturities Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(3) Write-offs Recoveries Balance at end of year Total Allowance for Credit Losses Represented by: Loans Committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit(4) Total Allowance for Credit Losses(5) (1) Represents stage movements prior to remeasurement of the allowance for credit losses. 2020 Performing Impaired Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total $ 1,620 $ 1,480 $ 1,036 $ 4,136 223 (1,871) (2) (1,139) 2,860 (345) (274) - - 1,346 (223) 1,871 (1,168) 3,874 - (458) 3,896 - - 5,376 - - 1,170 360 - (4) 1,526 (1,795) 62 829 - - - 3,095 2,860 (807) 5,148 (1,795) 62 7,551 $ 62,552 $ 23,409 $ 24,928 $ 110,889 8,654 (16,686) (224) (34,733) 68,588 (30,648) (5,049) - - 57,503 (8,654) 16,779 (12,965) 68,716 - (21,232) 42,644 - - 66,053 - (93) 13,189 42,053 - (6,120) 49,029 (46,736) 6,085 33,306 - - - 76,036 68,588 (58,000) 86,624 (46,736) 6,085 156,862 $ 58,849 $ 71,429 $ 34,135 $ 164,413 $ 57,167 1,682 $ 68,024 3,405 $ 34,135 $ - 159,326 5,087 $ 58,849 $ 71,429 $ 34,135 $ 164,413 (2) Represents credit risk changes as a result of significant increases in credit risk, changes in credit risk that did not result in a transfer between stages, changes in model inputs and assumptions, including changes in forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts and qualitative adjustments, and changes due to partial repayment. (3) (4) Included in the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. Included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. (5) Allowance for credit losses related to debt securities measured at FVOCI, cash resources and other financial assets classified at amortized cost were excluded from the table above. See Note 5 for details related to the allowance for credit losses on debt securities measured at FVOCI. Cash resources and other financial assets classified at amortized cost are presented in the consolidated balance sheets, net of allowance for credit losses. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 89 Personal Balance at beginning of year Transfers to (from) Stage 1(1) Stage 2(1) Stage 3(1) Net remeasurement(2) New originations Derecognitions and maturities Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(3) Write-offs Recoveries Balance at end of year Business Balance at beginning of year Transfers to (from) Stage 1(1) Stage 2(1) Stage 3(1) Net remeasurement(2) New originations Derecognitions and maturities Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(3) Write-offs Recoveries Balance at end of year Total Allowance for Credit Losses(4) Represented by: 2019 Performing Impaired Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total $ 1,461 $ 1,181 $ 647 $ 3,289 211 (369) (10) (1,236) 1,870 (307) 159 - - 1,620 (211) 389 (96) 594 - (377) 299 - - 1,480 - (20) 106 1,860 - (172) 1,774 (1,422) 37 1,036 - - - 1,218 1,870 (856) 2,232 (1,422) 37 4,136 $ 59,325 $ 26,570 $ 26,380 $ 112,275 13,802 (13,802) - - (5,780) (158) (34,446) 46,846 (17,037) 3,227 - - 62,552 6,788 (3,231) 14,896 - (7,812) (3,161) - - 23,409 (1,008) 3,389 53,477 - (295) 55,563 (60,844) 3,829 24,928 - - 33,927 46,846 (25,144) 55,629 (60,844) 3,829 110,889 $ 64,172 $ 24,889 $ 25,964 $ 115,025 Loans Committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit(4) Total Allowance for Credit Losses(5) $ 61,571 2,601 $ 23,299 1,590 $ 25,964 $ - 110,834 4,191 $ 64,172 $ 24,889 $ 25,964 $ 115,025 8. FINANCIAL ASSETS TRANSFERRED BUT NOT DERECOGNIZED Securitization of equipment financing leases and loans We securitize equipment financing leases and loans to third parties. These securitizations do not qualify for derecognition as we continue to be exposed to certain risks associated with the leases and loans, therefore we have not transferred substantially all of the risk and rewards of ownership. As the leases and loans do not qualify for derecognition, the assets are not removed from the consolidated balance sheets and a securitization liability is recognized within debt related to securitization activities for the cash proceeds received (see Note 15). During 2020, we securitized equipment financing leases and loans of $1,253,266 (2019 – $784,125) which were sold to third parties for cash proceeds of $1,115,814 (2019 – $704,392). Securitization of residential mortgages We securitize fully insured residential mortgage loans through the creation of mortgage-backed securities under the National Housing Act Mortgage Backed Securities (NHA MBS) program sponsored by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). The mortgage-backed securities are sold directly to third party investors, sold to the Canada Housing Trust (CHT) as part of the Canada Mortgage Bond (CMB) program or are held by us. The CHT issues CMBs, which are government guaranteed, to third party investors and uses resulting proceeds to purchase NHA MBS from us and other mortgage issuers in the Canadian market. The third party sale of the mortgage pools that comprise the NHA MBS does not qualify for derecognition as we retain the credit and interest rate risks associated with the mortgages, which represent substantially all of the risks and rewards associated with the transferred assets. As a result, the mortgages remain on the consolidated balance sheets as personal loans and are carried at amortized cost. Cash proceeds from the third party sale of the mortgage pools, including those sold as part of the CMB program, are recognized within debt related to securitization activities (see Note 15). During 2020, we securitized residential mortgages of $208,305 which were sold to the CHT for cash proceeds of $207,005 (2019 – $203,455 sold for cash proceeds of $202,871) and did not sell any securitized residential mortgages directly to third party investors (2019 – nil). 90 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Securities sold under repurchase agreements We enter into repurchase agreements under which we sell previously recognized securities, with a simultaneous agreement to purchase them back at a specific price on a future date, but retain substantially all of the credit, price, interest rate, and foreign exchange risks and rewards associated with the assets (see Note 6). These securities are not derecognized and the cash proceeds from the sale are recognized within other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, we have securitized residential mortgages through the NHA MBS program totaling $577,449 with a fair value of $584,743 (2019 – $394,342 with a fair value of $393,159) that were not transferred to third parties. Details about the nature of transferred financial assets that do not qualify for derecognition and the associated liabilities are as follows: Transferred Assets that do not Qualify for Derecognition Securitized leases and loans Securitized residential mortgages Securities sold under repurchase agreements Associated Liabilities(1) Net Position As at October 31, 2020 As at October 31, 2019 Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value $ $ $ 1,677,515 515,540 65,198 2,258,253 2,116,878 1,710,730 522,051 65,198 2,297,979 2,148,860 1,613,426 $ 442,310 29,965 1,616,653 440,983 29,965 2,085,701 1,943,764 2,087,601 1,965,313 $ 141,375 $ 149,119 $ 141,937 $ 122,288 (1) Associated liabilities relating to securities sold under repurchase agreements are $65,198 (October 31, 2019 – $29,965), and associated liabilities relating to securitized leases and loans, and securitized residential mortgages are described in Note 15. 9. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Land is carried at cost. Buildings, equipment and furniture, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Right-of-use assets, which reflect the adoption of IFRS 16 as described in Note 1, reflect leases of primarily branches and office premises. Depreciation is calculated primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, as follows: • Buildings: 20 years • Computer and office equipment and furniture: 3 to 10 years • Leasehold improvements: over the shorter of the term of the lease and the remaining useful life • Right-of-use assets: over the earlier of the lease term and the expected life. If ownership will transfer to us or we are reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option at the end of the lease term, the expected life of the right-of-use asset is used. When components of an item of property and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items. Gains and losses on disposal are recorded in non-interest income in the period of disposal. Property and equipment is subject to an impairment review if there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 91 Cost Balance at November 1, 2019 Adoption of IFRS 16 on November 1, 2019 Acquisition Additions Lease modifications Disposals (Note 1) (Note 3) Balance at October 31, 2020 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Balance at November 1, 2019 Depreciation Disposals Balance at October 31, 2020 Net Carrying Amount at October 31, 2020 Cost Balance at November 1, 2018 $ $ Additions Disposals Balance at October 31, 2019 Accumulated Depreciation and Impairment Balance at November 1, 2018 Depreciation Disposals Balance at October 31, 2019 Leasehold Improvements Land and Buildings Computer Equipment Office Equipment Right of Use Asset Total $ 80,782 $ 18,653 $ 42,197 $ 49,152 $ - $ 190,784 - 884 6,376 - (2,037) 86,005 55,713 5,485 (2,013) 59,185 - - 302 - - - 32 5,812 - (120) 18,955 47,921 6,386 566 - 6,952 29,462 3,883 (90) 33,255 - 114 1,128 - (1,291) 49,103 36,057 2,907 (1,291) 37,673 79,874 4,673 5,955 (3,767) (347) 86,388 - 12,305 (347) 11,958 26,820 $ 12,003 $ 14,666 $ 11,430 $ 74,430 $ 79,874 5,703 19,573 (3,767) (3,795) 288,372 127,618 25,146 (3,741) 149,023 139,349 76,505 $ 18,905 $ 36,701 $ 44,321 $ - $ 176,432 4,277 - 80,782 51,324 4,389 - 55,713 165 (417) 18,653 6,129 564 (307) 6,386 5,713 (217) 42,197 26,140 3,539 (217) 29,462 5,326 (495) 49,152 33,741 2,810 (494) 36,057 - - - - - - - 15,481 (1,129) 190,784 117,334 11,302 (1,018) 127,618 63,166 Net Carrying Amount at October 31, 2019 $ 25,069 $ 12,267 $ 12,735 $ 13,095 $ - $ 10. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the excess of the fair value of the purchase consideration, including any amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the net recognized amounts of the identifiable assets, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed. For the purposes of calculating goodwill, fair values of acquired assets and liabilities are determined by reference to market values or by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. This discounting is performed using either market rates, or risk-free rates with risk-adjusted expected future cash flows. Goodwill is stated at cost less impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units (CGU) for the purpose of impairment testing considering the business level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. On this basis, CWB’s CGUs with goodwill allocated are: • CWB Maxium Financial Inc. (MX); • CWB National Leasing Inc. (NL); and, • Wealth Management (WM) which includes CWB Wealth Management Ltd., CWB McLean & Partners Wealth Management Ltd. (M&P), and the wealth acquisition described in Note 3. In 2020, we reassessed our cash generating units following the wealth acquisition to reflect subsequent changes to our business operations. In 2019, WM and M&P were separate cash generating units. (Note 3) $ $ $ $ MX NL WM 38,869 $ 35,776 $ 10,747 $ - - - - 52,506 358 Total 85,392 52,506 358 38,869 $ 35,776 $ 63,611 $ 138,256 MX NL WM 38,869 $ 35,776 $ 10,523 $ - - 224 Total 85,168 224 38,869 $ 35,776 $ 10,747 $ 85,392 Balance at November 1, 2019 Acquisition Ownership change Balance at October 31, 2020 Balance at November 1, 2018 Ownership change Balance at October 31, 2019 92 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Intangible Assets Intangible assets represent identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance and are acquired either separately through a business combination, or generated internally. Intangible assets with a finite useful life are recorded at cost less any accumulated amortization and impairment losses. Certain intangible assets, such as trademarks and trade names, have an indefinite useful life. These indefinite life intangibles are not amortized but are tested for impairment at least annually. The assets’ useful lives are assessed at least annually. Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets with finite useful lives is reported in other expenses and amortization of internally generated software is included in premises and equipment expenses on the consolidated statements of income and provided on a straight-line basis from the date at which it is available for use as follows: • Software and related assets: 3 to 15 years • Customer relationships: 10 to 15 years • Non-competition agreements: 4 to 5 years • Other: 3 to 5 years Cost Balance at November 1, 2019 Additions Acquisition Ownership change Disposals Balance at October 31, 2020 Accumulated Amortization Balance at November 1, 2019 Amortization Disposals Balance at October 31, 2020 Net Carrying Amount at October 31, 2020 Cost Balance at November 1, 2018 Additions Ownership change Disposals Balance at October 31, 2019 Accumulated Amortization Balance at November 1, 2018 Amortization Disposals Balance at October 31, 2019 $ 217,595 $ 39,066 523 - (76) 257,108 75,452 19,175 (76) 94,551 (Note 3) $ $ Software and Related Assets Customer Relationships Trademarks and Tradenames Non- competition Agreements 6,587 $ - 2,100 39 - 8,726 11,084 $ - - - - Other Total 5,150 $ - - - - 299,631 39,066 33,123 73 (76) 11,084 5,150 371,817 - - - - 11,059 20 - 11,079 4,970 135 - 5,105 125,883 25,302 (76) 151,109 59,215 $ - 30,500 34 - 89,749 34,402 5,972 - 40,374 162,557 $ 49,375 $ 8,726 $ 5 $ 45 $ 220,708 184,271 $ 34,073 - (749) 59,211 $ - 4 - 217,595 59,215 6,564 $ - 23 - 6,587 11,084 $ - - - 5,150 $ - - - 266,280 34,073 27 (749) 11,084 5,150 299,631 60,066 16,135 (749) 75,452 29,745 4,657 - 34,402 - - - - 11,039 20 - 11,059 4,640 330 - 4,970 105,490 21,142 (749) 125,883 Net Carrying Amount at October 31, 2019 $ 142,143 $ 24,813 $ 6,587 $ 25 $ 180 $ 173,748 Impairment The carrying amounts of our intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If an indication exists, we test for impairment. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate impairment. Impairment testing is performed by comparing an asset’s carrying amount with its recoverable amount. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the recoverable amount of the CGU to which the asset belongs will be determined and compared to the carrying amount of the CGU’s net assets, including attributable goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the level of a CGU or a group of CGUs. If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is charged to the consolidated statements of income. The recoverable amounts for our CGUs are calculated based on the higher of their value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. Fair value less costs of disposal is determined by using a market-based approach of the associated CGU, whereby the fair value is determined using comparable market transactions for similar businesses. Value in use is determined by discounting the future cash flows expected to be generated from the continuing use of the CGU. In the 2020 annual impairment tests, the recoverable amounts of our CGUs are based on their value in use with the exception of the WM CGU, which is based on fair value less costs of disposal. In 2019, the recoverable amounts of all CGUs were based on their value in use. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 93 MX and NL CGUs The recoverable amount of these CGUs was based on their value in use in the current and comparative period. We calculate value in use using a discounted cash flow method. Cash flows are projected based on forecasted results of the business for a five-year period including the capital required to support future cash flows. Key drivers of cash flows include net interest margins and average interest-earning assets. Beyond five years, cash flows are assumed to increase at a terminal growth rate of 3.9% (3.7% in 2019) based on management’s expectations of real GDP growth and inflation rates. Forecasted cash flows are discounted at rates ranging from 11.3% to 11.8% (9.3% in 2019). WM CGU The recoverable amount of the WM CGU was based on fair value less cost to sell. We calculated fair value using a multiples-based approach, using the average of both Price- to-assets-under-management (P/AUM) and Price-to-revenue (P/Rev) multiples, to reflect the considerations of a prospective buyer. We applied a P/AUM multiple of 2.3% and a P/Rev multiple of 3.2x to revenue for the 12 months preceding the testing date normalized for the wealth acquisition described in Note 3. These multiples represent our best estimate from a range of reasonably possible inputs based on precedent transactions for comparable businesses. The key assumptions described above may change as economic and market conditions change. We estimate that reasonable possible changes in these assumptions are not expected to cause the recoverable amounts of the cash-generating units to decline below the carrying amounts. No impairment losses on goodwill or intangible assets were identified during 2020 or 2019. 11. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Interest rate, foreign exchange, bond forward and equity swaps/contracts such as futures, options, swaps, floors and rate locks are entered into for risk management purposes in accordance with our asset liability management policies. It is our policy not to utilize derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Interest rate swaps and floors are primarily used to reduce the impact of fluctuating interest rates. Equity swaps are used to reduce earnings volatility related to restricted share units and deferred share units linked to our common share price. Bond forward contracts are used to manage interest rate risk related to our participation in the NHA MBS program. Foreign exchange contracts are used for the purposes of meeting the needs of clients, day-to-day business and liquidity management. Use of Derivatives We enter into derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes. Derivative financial instruments are financial contracts whose value is derived from an underlying interest rate, foreign exchange rate, equity or commodity instrument or index. Derivative financial instruments primarily used by us include: • interest rate swaps, which are agreements where two counterparties exchange a series of payments based on different interest rates applied to a notional amount; • bond forward contracts, which are a contractual obligation to purchase or sell a bond at a predetermined future date; • foreign exchange forwards and futures, which are contractual obligations to exchange one currency for another at a specified price for settlement at a predetermined future date; and, • equity swaps, which are agreements where CWB makes periodic interest payments to a counterparty and receives the capital gain or loss plus dividends of a notional CWB common share. Embedded Derivatives When derivatives are embedded in other financial instruments or host contracts, such combinations are known as hybrid instruments. If the host contract is a financial asset within the scope of IFRS 9, the classification and measurement criteria are applied to the entire hybrid instrument and there is no separation of the embedded derivative. If the host contract is a financial liability or an asset that is not within the scope of IFRS 9, embedded derivatives are treated as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risk are not closely related to those of the host contract, unless an election is made to measure the contract at fair value. Identified embedded derivatives that are separated from the host contract are recorded at fair value. Fair Value Derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value related to the effective portion of cash flow interest rate hedges recorded in other comprehensive income, net of income taxes, and changes in fair value interest rate hedges are recorded in net interest income. Changes in fair value related to the ineffective portion of a designated accounting hedge, a derivative not designated as an accounting hedge, and all other derivative financial instruments are reported in non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income. Designated Accounting Hedges Under IAS 39, when designated as accounting hedges by us, certain derivative financial instruments are designated as either a hedge of the fair value of recognized assets, liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedges), or a hedge of highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognized asset or liability or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedges). On an ongoing basis, the derivatives used in hedging transactions are assessed to determine whether they are effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. If a hedging transaction becomes ineffective or if the derivative is not designated as a cash flow hedge, any subsequent change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recognized in net income. 94 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Potential sources of ineffectiveness can be attributed to the differences between hedging instruments and the hedged items: • Mismatches in terms of hedged item and hedging instrument, such as the repricing dates and frequency of payments. • The effect of the counterparty and our own credit risk. Interest income received or interest expense paid on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges is accounted for on the accrual basis and recognized as interest expense over the term of the hedge contract. Premiums on purchased contracts are amortized to interest expense over the term of the contract. Accrued interest receivable and payable and deferred gains and losses for these contracts are recorded in other assets or liabilities as appropriate. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in other comprehensive income at that time is held separately in accumulated other comprehensive income until the forecast transaction is eventually recognized in the consolidated statements of income. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in accumulated other comprehensive income is immediately reclassified to the consolidated statements of income. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk arises when changes in interest rates affect the cash flows, earnings and values of assets and liabilities. We have a policy of interest rate risk management to maintain an appropriate balance between earnings volatility and economic value volatility while keeping both within their respective risk appetite limits. Exposure to interest rate risk is controlled by managing the size of the static gap positions between interest sensitive assets and interest sensitive liabilities for future periods. This is achieved partly by using interest rate swaps and bond forward contracts as a hedge to interest rate changes. Only the changes in fair value and cash flows related to changes in benchmark interest rates are designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Other risk elements present in these relationships, such as credit risk, have a less significant impact on changes in fair value and cash flows, and are not designated as accounting hedges. The hedging ratio is established by matching the notional amount of the hedging instrument with the notional amount of the hedged item. The existence of an economic relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item is based on the reference interest rates, tenors, repricing dates and maturities, and the notional or par amounts. Equity Risk Equity risk arises when changes in our common share price affects the payout of share-based payment plans (see Note 17) that have not yet vested. We have a policy to hedge a portion of the earnings volatility related to restricted share unit (RSU) and deferred share unit (DSU) grants through the use of equity swaps, where we make periodic interest payments to a counterparty and receive the capital gain or loss plus dividends of a CWB common share. The following table shows the derivative financial instruments split between those contracts that have a positive fair value (favourable contracts) and those that have a negative fair value (unfavourable contracts): As at October 31, 2020 As at October 31, 2019 Favourable Contracts Unfavourable Contracts Favourable Contracts Unfavourable Contracts Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps Bond forward contracts Equity risk Equity swaps Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps Not Designated as Accounting Hedges Foreign exchange contracts Equity swaps $ 4,458,000 $ 95,035 $ - - - - $ - - - - $ 4,952,000 $ 42,855 $ - - 1,876,000 $ 20,000 (13,104) (91) 20,470 (1,500) 13,084 3,049 6,184 (159) 70,109 68 265,716 (4,069) 19,746 20 20,000 (58) 68,168 - 1,512 - 52,672 6,184 (619) (97) 106,575 5,319 1,005 886 164,338 - (604) - Total $ 4,596,277 $ 96,615 $ 345,042 $ (6,285) $ 5,096,724 $ 47,815 $ 2,086,522 $ (14,016) The aggregate contractual or notional amount of the derivative financial instruments on hand, the extent to which instruments are favourable or unfavourable and, thus, the aggregate fair values of these financial assets and liabilities can fluctuate significantly from time to time. The average fair values of the derivative financial instruments on hand during the year are set out in the following table: Favourable derivative financial instruments (assets) Unfavourable derivative financial instruments (liabilities) 2020 $ $ 101,720 $ 13,313 $ 2019 40,853 22,174 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 95 The following table summarizes the maturities of derivative financial instruments and the weighted average interest rates paid and received on contracts: As at October 31, 2020 Maturity As at October 31, 2019 Maturity 1 Year or Less More than 1 Year 1 Year or Less More than 1 Year Notional Amount Contractual Interest Rate Notional Amount Contractual Interest Rate Notional Amount Contractual Interest Rate Notional Amount Contractual Interest Rate $ 1,968,000 - 1.74% - $ 2,490,000 - 1.89% - $ 2,100,000 20,000 1.92% $ 4,728,000 - - 2.01% - 10,020 1.26% 10,450 1.62% 9,365 2.58% 9,903 2.62% Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps(1) Bond forward contracts Equity risk Equity swaps(2) Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps(3) - - 335,825 0.86% - - 39,746 1.72% Not Designated as Accounting Hedges Foreign exchange contracts(4) Equity swaps(5) 120,840 6,184 - 1.53% - - - - 270,913 5,319 - 2.47% - - - - Total $ 2,105,044 $ 2,836,275 $ 2,405,597 $ 4,777,649 (1) We receive interest at a fixed contractual rate and pay interest on the one-month (30-day) Canadian Bankers’ Acceptance rate. Interest rate swaps designated as accounting cash flow hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between November 2020 and January 2025. (2) Equity swaps designated as accounting hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between June 2021 and June 2023. (3) Interest rate swaps designated as accounting fair value hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between June 2022 and December 2024. (4) Foreign exchange contracts outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature between November 2020 and February 2021. The contractual interest rate is not meaningful for foreign exchange contracts. (5) Equity swaps not designated as accounting hedges outstanding at October 31, 2020 mature in June 2021. The following tables present the details of the hedged items categorized by their hedging relationships: As at October 31, 2020 Statement of Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item Changes in Fair Value Used for Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness AOCI - Cash Flow Hedges Loans n/a $ Other liabilities 65,284 - (4,390) $ 98,790 (2,479) (305) As at October 31, 2019 Statement of Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item Changes in Fair Value Used for Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness Loans n/a $ Other liabilities 94,881 (146) 2,024 AOCI - Cash Flow Hedges $ 21,991 (224) 1,091 Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Variable rate assets Forecasted NHA MBS issuances Equity risk Restricted share units Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Variable rate assets Forecasted NHA MBS issuances Equity risk Restricted share units n/a - not applicable 96 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report As at October 31, 2020 Carrying Amount of Hedged Item Accumulated Amount of Fair Value Adjustments on the Hedged Item Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item Changes in Fair Value Used for Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Fixed rate assets $ 348,090 $ - $ 4,255 $ - Securities, Loans $ (3,963) As at October 31, 2019 Carrying Amount of Hedged Item Accumulated Amount of Fair Value Adjustments on the Hedged Item Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item Changes in Fair Value Used for Calculating Hedge Ineffectiveness Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Fixed rate assets $ 40,393 $ - $ (13) $ - Securities $ (38) The following table contains information regarding the effectiveness of the hedging relationships, as well as the impacts on the consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of comprehensive income: 2020 Change in Fair Value of Hedging Instrument Hedge Ineffectiveness Recognized in Income Change in the Fair Value of the Hedging Instrument Recognized in OCI Amount Reclassified from AOCI - Cash Flow Hedges to Income $ $ 65,284 - (4,390) (3,963) $ 111,476 (2,638) $ (34,677) 383 (3,835) 2,439 - - - - - - 2019 Change in Fair Value of Hedging Instrument Hedge Ineffectiveness Recognized in Income Change in the Fair Value of the Hedging Instrument Recognized in OCI Amount Reclassified from AOCI - Cash Flow Hedges to Income $ $ 94,881 (146) 2,024 (38) - - - - $ 69,538 (99) 1,922 $ (3) 147 (527) - - Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps(1) Bond forward contracts(1) Equity risk Equity swaps(2) Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps Cash Flow Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps(1) Bond forward contracts(1) Equity risk Equity swaps(2) Fair Value Hedges Interest rate risk Interest rate swaps (1) Amounts reclassified from OCI into net interest income (2) Amounts reclassified from OCI into non-interest expenses CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 97 The following table shows a reconciliation of the accumulated other comprehensive income from derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and an analysis of other comprehensive income relating to hedge accounting: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Cash Flow Hedges Balance at beginning of year Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income: Interest rate risk - Interest rate swaps and bond forward contracts Effective portion of changes in fair value Amounts reclassified to net income Equity risk - Equity swaps Effective portion of changes in fair value Amounts reclassified to net income Balance at End of Year At October 31, 2020, hedged cash flows are expected to occur and affect profit or loss within the next five years. 12. OTHER ASSETS Accrued interest receivable Accounts receivable Deferred tax assets Prepaid expenses Income tax receivable Financing costs(1) Derivative collateral receivable Other Total (1) Amortization for the year amounted to $3,103 (2019 – $3,016). 13. DEPOSITS 2020 2019 $ 22,858 $ (48,120) 108,838 (34,294) (3,835) 2,439 69,439 144 1,922 (527) $ 96,006 $ 22,858 As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 71,810 $ 67,876 49,578 12,359 12,229 8,455 - 29,216 79,709 63,150 37,868 10,396 2,092 6,986 4,070 8,535 $ (Note 21) (Note 27) $ 251,523 $ 212,806 Deposits are accounted for on an amortized cost basis. Costs relating to the issuance of fixed term deposits are amortized over the expected life of the deposit using the effective interest method. Payable on demand Payable after notice Payable on a fixed date Total Payable on demand Payable after notice Payable on a fixed date Total A summary of all outstanding deposits payable on a fixed date, by contractual maturity date, follows: Within 1 year 1 to 2 years 2 to 3 years 3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years Total 98 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report As at October 31, 2020 Individuals Business and Government Total $ 35,520 $ 949,514 $ 985,034 6,128,753 9,497,047 4,399,327 6,300,193 10,528,080 15,797,240 $ 15,661,320 $ 11,649,034 $ 27,310,354 As at October 31, 2019 Individuals Business and Government Total $ 34,296 $ 715,875 $ 750,171 4,452,592 10,813,617 3,420,754 5,914,227 7,873,346 16,727,844 $ 15,300,505 $ 10,050,856 $ 25,351,361 As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 $ 8,068,489 $ 6,694,117 3,366,283 2,583,480 1,071,237 707,751 5,013,286 2,242,094 1,793,324 985,023 $ 15,797,240 $ 16,727,844 14. OTHER LIABILITIES As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 352,398 $ Accrued interest payable Lease liabilities Derivative collateral payable Deferred tax liabilities Income taxes payable Allowance for committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit Deferred revenue Other Total n/a - not applicable 15. DEBT A) DEBT SECURITIES (Note 1) (Note 27) (Note 21) (Note 7) 175,191 94,956 86,590 9,956 9,825 5,087 3,683 9,293 $ 746,979 $ 333,123 208,548 n/a 19,370 4,716 60,501 4,191 4,357 11,580 646,386 A summary of outstanding debt related to the securitization of equipment financing leases and loans and residential mortgages by contractual maturity date follows: Securitized leases and loans Securitized residential mortgages Total Within 1 Year 1 to 3 Years 3 to 5 Years As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 $ $ 505,639 $ 775,787 $ 247,236 $ 1,528,662 $ 1,469,509 54,421 254,082 214,515 523,018 444,290 560,060 $ 1,029,869 $ 461,751 $ 2,051,680 $ 1,913,799 B) NON-VIABILITY CONTINGENT CAPITAL (NVCC) SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES Financing costs relating to the issuance of subordinated debentures are amortized over the expected life of the related subordinated debenture using the effective interest method. The following qualify as bank debentures under the Bank Act and are subordinate in right of payment to all deposit liabilities. All redemptions are subject to the approval of OSFI. Series F NVCC subordinated debentures Series G NVCC subordinated debentures Interest Rate(1) 3.668% 4.840% Maturity Date June 11, 2029 June 29, 2030 Reset Spread(1) 199 bp 410.2 bp Earliest Date Redeemable by CWB at Par Par Value(2) June 11, 2024 $ 250,000 June 29, 2025 125,000 (1) The interest rate will be paid until the earliest date redeemable, after which the interest rate will reset quarterly at the reset spread basis points over the then three-month Bankers’ Acceptance rate (2) The balance reported on the consolidated balance sheet as at October 31, 2020 includes unamortized financing costs related to the issuance of subordinated debentures of $2,357 (2019 - $1,506). bp – basis points On June 29, 2020, we issued $125,000 of NVCC subordinated debentures with a fixed annual interest rate of 4.840% until June 29, 2025. Thereafter, the rate will be set quarterly at the three-month Bankers’ Acceptance Rate plus 410.2 basis points until maturity on June 29, 2030. The debentures are redeemable by us on or after June 29, 2025. Upon the occurrence of a trigger event (as defined by OSFI), each subordinated debenture will be automatically converted, without the consent of the holders, into CWB common shares. Conversion to common shares will be determined by dividing the debenture conversion value (the principal amount of the debenture plus accrued but unpaid interest times a multiplier of 1.5) by the common share value (the greater of (i) the floor price of $5.00 and (ii) the current market price calculated as the volume weighted average trading price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the day immediately prior to the date of conversion). On November 18, 2019, we redeemed for cash all $250,000 outstanding 3.463% subordinated debentures without NVCC features. The debentures were redeemed for an aggregate amount of $253,900, representing the principal amount plus accrued interest and an early redemption premium, as the debentures were redeemed prior to the earliest date of redemption at par on December 17, 2019. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 99 16. CAPITAL STOCK Authorized: • An unlimited number of common shares without nominal or par value; • 33,964,324 class A shares without nominal or par value; and, • An unlimited number of first preferred shares, without nominal or par value, issuable in series, provided that the maximum aggregate consideration for all outstanding first preferred shares at any time does not exceed $1,000,000. Issued and Fully Paid: Preferred Shares - Series 5 Outstanding at beginning and end of year Preferred Shares - Series 7 Outstanding at beginning and end of year Preferred Shares - Series 9 Outstanding at beginning of year Issued Outstanding at end of year – Series 9 Outstanding at end of year Limited Recourse Capital Notes - Series 1(1) Outstanding at beginning of year Issued Outstanding at end of year Common Shares Outstanding at beginning of year Purchased for cancellation Issued on exercise or exchange of options(2) Issued under dividend reinvestment plan Outstanding at end of year Share Capital 2020 Number of Shares Amount 2019 Number of Shares Amount 5,000,000 $ 125,000 5,000,000 $ 125,000 5,600,000 140,000 5,600,000 140,000 5,000,000 - 5,000,000 15,600,000 - 175,000 175,000 87,249,711 (179,176) 29,296 - 125,000 - 125,000 390,000 - 175,000 175,000 731,970 (1,503) 379 - - 5,000,000 5,000,000 15,600,000 - 125,000 125,000 390,000 - - - 88,952,099 (1,829,944) 77,667 49,889 - - - 744,701 (15,326) 1,245 1,350 731,970 87,099,831 730,846 87,249,711 $ 1,295,846 $ 1,121,970 (1) In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 1, on October 30, 2020, we issued $175 million of First Preferred Shares Series 11 at a price of $1,000 per Series 11 Preferred Share. The Series 11 Preferred Shares were issued to a Limited Recourse Trust to be held as trust assets in connection with the LRCN structure. The Series 11 Preferred Shares and corresponding Trust investment are eliminated on consolidation. (2) Represents shares issued and amounts transferred from the share-based payment reserve to share capital upon cashless settlement of options exercised. We are prohibited by the Bank Act from declaring any dividends on common shares when we are or would be placed, as a result of the declaration, in contravention of the capital adequacy and liquidity regulations or any regulatory directives issued under the Bank Act. This limitation does not restrict the current level of dividends. A) COMMON SHARES On September 26, 2019, we announced a normal course issuer bid (NCIB) to repurchase for cancellation up to 1,740,000 common shares, representing approximately 2% of the issued and outstanding common shares, for a 12-month period expiring September 30, 2020. The previous NCIB announced on September 27, 2018, originally for the purchase of up to 1,767,000 common shares and amended on April 10, 2019 to 3,534,000 common shares, was for a 12-month period that expired on September 30, 2019. During the year, prior to the OSFI-mandated suspension of share buyback programs announced on March 13, 2020, we repurchased and cancelled 179,176 (2019 – 1,829,944) common shares under our NCIBs at an average price of $28.70 (2019 – $27.08). The total cost of these purchases, including related transaction costs, was $5,145 (2019 – $49,592). 100 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report B) PREFERRED SHARES NVCC Preferred Share Rights and Privileges Preferred Shares - Series 5 Preferred Shares - Series 7 Preferred Shares - Series 9 $ $ $ Redemption Amount 25.00 25.00 25.00 Quarterly Non-cumulative Dividend(1) $ 0.2688125 $ $ 0.390625 0.375 Reset Spread(2) 276 bp 547 504 Annual Yield(3) 4.30% 6.25% 6.00% Date Redeemable/ Convertible(4) Convertible to(2)(5) April 30, 2024 Preferred Shares - Series 6 July 31, 2021 Preferred Shares - Series 8 April 30, 2024 Preferred Shares - Series 10 (1) Non-cumulative fixed dividends are payable quarterly as and when declared by the Board of Directors of CWB. (2) The dividend rate will reset on the date redeemable and every five years thereafter at a level of the reset spread basis points over the then five-year Government of Canada Bond Yield. (3) Based on the stated issue price per share of $25.00. (4) Redeemable by CWB, subject to the approval of OSFI, on the date noted and every five years thereafter. Convertible by the shareholders, subject to certain conditions, on the date noted and every five years thereafter if not (5) redeemed by CWB to an equal number of First Preferred Shares Series 6, Series 8, and Series 10 which are non-cumulative, floating rate preferred shares. If converted, holders of the First Preferred Shares Series 6, Series 8, and Series 10 will be entitled to receive quarterly floating rate dividends as and when declared by the Board of Directors of CWB, which reset quarterly at a rate equal to the 90-day Government of Canada Treasury Bill rate. bp – basis points Upon the occurrence of a non-viability trigger event (as defined by OSFI), each preferred share will be automatically converted, without the consent of the holders, into CWB common shares. Conversion to common shares will be determined by dividing the preferred share conversion value ($25.00 per preferred share plus any declared but unpaid dividends) by the common share value (the greater of (i) the floor price of $5.00 and (ii) the current market price calculated as the volume-weighted average trading price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the day immediately prior to the date of the conversion). If a trigger event were to occur, based on a floor price of $5.00, the preferred shares would be converted into approximately 78 million CWB common shares, assuming no accrued interest and no declared and unpaid dividends. C) LIMITED RECOURSE CAPITAL NOTES (LRCN) LRCN - Series 1 $ 1,000 6.00% April 30, 2081 562.1 bp April 30, 2026 Redemption Amount Interest Rate Maturity Date Reset Spread(1) Earliest Date Redeemable (1) The interest rate will reset on the date redeemable and every five years thereafter at a level of the reset spread basis points over the then five-year Government of Canada Bond Yield. bp – basis points On October 30, 2020, we issued $175 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (LRCN Series 1) which bear interest paid semi-annually. In the event of (i) non-payment of interest on any interest payment date, (ii) non-payment of the redemption price in case of a redemption of LRCN Series 1, (iii) non- payment of principal at the maturity of LRCN Series 1, or (iv) an event of default on the notes, noteholders will have recourse limited to receipt of a proportionate amount of Series 11 preferred shares, and the delivery of the Series 11 preferred shares will represent the full and complete extinguishment of our obligations under LRCN Series 1. The Series 11 preferred shares are held by a third party trustee in a consolidated trust, CWB LRT (Limited Recourse Trust). LRCN Series 1 are redeemable on or prior to maturity on each five-year anniversary, subject to the approval of OSFI and the Series 11 Preferred Shares would be redeemed at the same time. The terms of Series 11 Preferred Shares and LRCN Series 1 include NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III. Upon the occurrence of a trigger event (as defined by OSFI), LRCN Series 1 will be automatically redeemed by the delivery of common shares after an automatic conversion of Series 11 Preferred Shares. Conversion to common shares will be determined by dividing the share value of Series 11 preferred shares (including declared and unpaid dividends) by the common share value (the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00 and (ii) the current market price of our common shares based on the volume weighted average trading price for the ten consecutive trading days ending on the day immediately prior to the date of conversion). If a trigger event were to occur, based on a floor price of $5.00, the LRCN would be converted into approximately 35 million CWB common shares, assuming no accrued interest and no declared and unpaid dividends. LRCN Series 1 are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at our discretion. Semi-annual distributions on the LRCN Series 1 will be recorded when payable. Non-payment of interest and principal in cash does not constitute an event of default and will trigger a delivery of Series 11 preferred shares. The liability component of the notes has a nominal value and, as a result, the full proceeds received have been presented as equity. D) DIVIDENDS The following dividends were declared by the Board of Directors and paid during the year: $1.15 per common share (2019 – $1.08) $1.08 per preferred share - Series 5 (2019 – $1.09) $1.56 per preferred share - Series 7 (2019 – $1.56) $1.50 per preferred share - Series 9 (2019 – $1.13) Total $ $ 2020 100,211 5,376 8,750 7,500 2019 94,573 5,438 8,750 5,666 $ 121,837 $ 114,427 Subsequent to October 31, 2020, the Board of Directors of CWB declared a dividend of $0.29 per common share payable on January 7, 2021 to shareholders of record on December 17, 2020, and cash dividends for preferred shares of $0.2688125 per Series 5, $0.390625 per Series 7, and $0.375 per Series 9 preferred share payable on January 31, 2021 to shareholders of record on January 22, 2021. With respect to these dividend declarations, no liability was recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at October 31, 2020. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 101 E) DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN Under the dividend reinvestment plan (the plan), we provide holders of our common shares and holders of any other class of shares deemed eligible by our Board of Directors with the opportunity to direct cash dividends paid on any class of their eligible shares towards the purchase of additional common shares. Currently, the Board of Directors has deemed that the holders of all common and preferred shares are eligible to participate in the plan. The plan is open to shareholders residing in Canada. At our option, the common shares may be issued from our treasury at an average market price based on the closing prices of a board lot of common shares on the TSX for the five trading days immediately preceding the dividend payment date, with a discount of 0% to 5% or through the open market at market prices. During the year, no common shares were issued under the plan from our treasury (2019 – 49,889 with no discount), with requirements of the plan satisfied through purchases of common shares in the open market. 17. SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS A) STOCK OPTIONS Stock options are accounted for using the fair value method. The estimated value is recognized over the applicable vesting period as an increase to both salary expense and share-based payment reserve. When options are exercised, the proceeds received and the applicable amount in share-based payment reserve are credited to common shares. We have authorized 6,291,765 common shares (2019 – 6,321,061) for issuance under the share incentive plan. Of the amount authorized, options exercisable into 1,788,818 shares (2019 – 1,676,604) are issued and outstanding. The outstanding options vest within three years and are exercisable at a fixed price equal to the average of the market price on the day of and the four days preceding the grant date. Outstanding options expire from March 2023 to March 2026, each with an expiry date that is within seven years of the grant date. The details of, and changes in, the issued and outstanding options are as follows: Options Balance at beginning of year Granted Exercised or exchanged Expired Forfeited Balance at End of Year Exercisable at End of Year Further details relating to stock options outstanding and exercisable are as follows: 2020 2019 Number of Options 1,676,604 407,807 (125,207) (94,774) (75,612) 1,788,818 812,180 Weighted Average Exercise Price $ $ $ 28.41 31.93 25.80 25.93 31.50 29.39 26.45 Number of Options 2,833,461 380,728 (407,134) (1,105,653) (24,798) 1,676,604 718,481 Weighted Average Exercise Price $ $ $ 31.90 29.43 25.66 38.58 31.50 28.41 24.36 Range of Exercise Prices $23.70 $29.43 to $29.99 $30.85 to $35.15 Total Options Outstanding Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years) 2.4 4.4 5.5 4.2 $ $ Weighted Average Exercise Price 23.70 30.10 33.15 29.39 Number of Options 498,500 658,602 631,716 1,788,818 Options Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise Price 23.70 30.84 - $ Number of Options 498,500 313,680 - 812,180 $ 26.45 All exercised options are settled via cashless settlement, which provides the option holder the number of shares equivalent to the excess of the market value of the shares under option, determined at the exercise date, over the exercise price. During fiscal 2020, option holders exchanged the rights to 125,207 (2019 – 407,134) options and received 29,296 (2019 – 77,667) shares in return by way of cashless settlement. Salary expense of $1,819 (2019 – $1,617) was recognized relating to the estimated fair value of options granted. The fair value of options granted during the year was estimated using a binomial option pricing model with the following variables and assumptions: (i) risk-free interest rate of 1.6% (2019 – 1.6%), (ii) expected option life of 5.0 (2019 – 5.0) years, (iii) expected annual volatility of 28% (2019 – 29%), and (iv) expected annual dividends of 3.7% (2019 – 3.7%). Expected volatility is estimated by evaluating historical volatility of the share price over multi-year periods. The weighted average fair value of options granted was estimated at $5.01 (2019 – $4.93) per share. During the year, $379 (2019 – $1,245) was transferred from the share-based payment reserve to share capital, representing the estimated fair value recognized for options exercised during the year. 102 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report B) RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS Under the RSU plan, certain employees are eligible to receive an award in the form of RSUs. Each RSU entitles the employee to receive the cash equivalent of the market value of our common shares at the vesting date. Throughout the vesting period, common share dividend equivalents accrue to the employee in the form of additional units. RSUs vest on each anniversary of the grant in equal one-third instalments over a period of three years. Salary expense is recognized over the vesting period except where the employee is eligible to retire prior to the vesting date, in which case the expense is recognized between the grant date and the date the employee is eligible to retire. During the year, salary expense of $9,782 (2019 – $9,683) was recognized related to RSUs. As at October 31, 2020, the liability for the RSUs held under this plan was $8,992 (October 31, 2019 – $10,966). At the end of each period, the liability is adjusted to reflect changes in the fair value of the RSUs. Number of RSUs Balance at beginning of year Granted Vested and paid out Forfeited Balance at End of Year C) PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS 2020 675,196 456,787 (323,063) (43,884) 765,036 2019 626,814 410,225 (337,425) (24,418) 675,196 Under the Performance Share Unit (PSU) plan, certain employees are eligible to receive an award in the form of PSUs on an annual basis. At the time of a grant, each PSU represents a unit with an underlying value equivalent to the value of a common share. Throughout the vesting period, common share dividend equivalents accrue to the employee in the form of additional units. Under the PSU plan, each PSU vests at the end of a three-year period and is settled in cash. At the end of each specified performance period, a multiplier based on performance targets set at grant date is applied to a portion of the PSUs originally granted and any accrued notional dividends such that the total value of the PSUs may vary from 0% to 200% of the value of an equal number of our common shares. During the year, salary expense of $945 (2019 – $1,643) was recognized related to PSUs. As at October 31, 2020, the liability for the PSUs held under this plan was $2,898 (October 31, 2019 – $4,416). At the end of each period, the liability and salary expense are adjusted to reflect changes in the fair value of the PSUs. Number of PSUs Balance at beginning of year Granted Vested and paid out Forfeited Balance at End of Year D) DEFERRED SHARE UNITS 2020 185,370 77,563 (57,734) (4,518) 200,681 2019 194,233 78,789 (87,652) - 185,370 Under the DSU plan, non-employee directors receive a portion of their retainer in DSUs. Each DSU represents a unit with an underlying value equivalent to the value of one common share. The DSUs are not redeemable until the individual is no longer a director and must be redeemed for cash. Common share dividend equivalents accrue to the directors in the form of additional units. The expense related to the DSUs is recorded in the period the award is earned by the director. During the year, other non-interest expenses included $1,330 (2019 – $1,180) related to the DSUs. As at October 31, 2020, the liability for DSUs held under this plan was $6,330 (October 31, 2019 – $6,575). At the end of each period, the liability and expense are adjusted to reflect changes in the market value of the DSUs. Number of DSUs Balance at beginning of year Granted Paid out Balance at End of Year 18. NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS Non-controlling interests relate to the following: CWB McLean & Partners Wealth Management Ltd. CWB Wealth Management Ltd.(1) Total (1) During the year ended October 31, 2020, we acquired all shares of the non-controlling interests in CWB Wealth Management Ltd. 2020 197,211 61,175 - 258,386 2019 171,069 41,002 (14,860) 197,211 As at October 31 2020 $ 862 - As at October 31 2019 $ 781 1,091 $ 862 $ 1,872 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 103 19. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS A) CREDIT INSTRUMENTS In the normal course of business, we enter into various commitments and has contingent liabilities, which are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets. These items are reported below and are expressed in terms of the contractual amount of the related commitment. Credit Instruments Commitments to extend credit Guarantees and standby letters of credit Total As at October 31 2020 As at October 31 2019 $ 5,721,782 449,041 $ 5,173,866 505,272 $ 6,170,823 $ 5,679,138 Commitments to extend credit to customers also arise in the normal course of business and include undrawn availability under lines of credit and business operating loans of $2,673,468 (October 31, 2019 – $2,568,449) and authorized but unfunded loan commitments of $3,048,313 (October 31, 2019 – $2,605,417). In the majority of instances, availability of undrawn business commitments is subject to the borrower meeting specified financial tests or other covenants regarding completion or satisfaction of certain conditions precedent. It is also usual practice to include the right to review and withhold funding in the event of a material adverse change in the financial condition of the borrower. The allowance for credit losses related to committed but undrawn credit exposures and letters of credit is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. From a liquidity perspective, undrawn credit authorizations will be funded over time, with draws in many cases extending over a period of months. In some instances, authorizations are never advanced or may be reduced because of changing requirements. Revolving credit authorizations are subject to repayment which, on a pooled basis, also decreases liquidity risk. Guarantees and standby letters of credit represent our obligation to make payments to third parties when a customer is unable to make required payments or meet other contractual obligations. These instruments carry the same credit risk, recourse and collateral security requirements as loans extended to customers and generally have a term that does not exceed one year. B) PURCHASE OBLIGATIONS We have contractual obligations related to operating and capital expenditures which typically run one to five years. Purchase obligations for each of the succeeding years are as follows: 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total C) GUARANTEES $ 10,034 5,714 2,071 957 $ 18,776 A guarantee is defined as a contract that contingently requires the guarantor to make payments to a third party based on (i) changes in an underlying economic characteristic that is related to an asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed party, (ii) failure of another party to perform under an obligating agreement, or (iii) failure of another third party to pay indebtedness when due. Significant guarantees provided to third parties include guarantees and standby letters of credit as discussed above. In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify the other party. Under these agreements, we may be required to compensate counterparties for costs incurred as a result of various contingencies, such as changes in laws and regulations and litigation claims. A maximum potential liability cannot be identified as the terms of these arrangements vary and generally no predetermined amounts or limits are identified. The likelihood of occurrence of contingent events that would trigger payment under these arrangements is either remote or difficult to predict and, in the past, payments under these arrangements have been insignificant. No amounts are reflected in the consolidated financial statements related to these guarantees and indemnifications. D) LEGAL AND REGULATORY PROCEEDINGS In the ordinary course of business, CWB and our subsidiaries are party to legal and regulatory proceedings. Based on current knowledge, we do not expect the outcome of any of these proceedings to have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations. 20. EMPLOYEE FUTURE BENEFITS All employee future benefits related to our group retirement savings and employee share purchase plans are recognized in the periods during which services are rendered by employees. Our contributions to the group retirement savings plan and employee share purchase plan totaled $18,138 (2019 – $16,654). 104 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report 21. INCOME TAXES We follow the deferred method of accounting for income taxes whereby current income taxes are recognized for the estimated income taxes payable for the current period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the cumulative amount of tax applicable to temporary differences between the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities, and their values for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates anticipated to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are anticipated to be recovered or settled. Changes in deferred taxes related to a change in tax rates are recognized in income in the period of the tax rate change. All deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized in the normal course of operations. The provision for income taxes consists of the following: Consolidated statements of income Current Deferred Other comprehensive income Tax expense (recovery) related to: Items that will be subsequently reclassified to net income Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net income Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges Total 2020 2019 $ 107,259 $ 105,140 (10,227) 97,032 (2,475) 102,665 2,620 171 23,434 26,225 12,016 (4,982) 25,867 32,901 $ 123,257 $ 135,566 The combined statutory tax rate changed in 2019 as a result of a decrease in the Alberta provincial tax rate from 12% to 8% over four years, beginning with a 1% decrease on July 1, 2019 with further reductions of 1% scheduled on each of January 1, 2020, 2021 and 2022. In 2020, the Alberta government accelerated the rate reduction by reducing the provincial tax rate to 8%, effective July 1, 2020. A reconciliation of the statutory tax rates and income tax that would be payable at these rates to the effective income tax rates and provision for income taxes reported in the consolidated statements of income follows: Combined Canadian federal and provincial income taxes and statutory tax rate $ 94,422 25.6 % $ 104,433 26.7 % 2020 2019 Increase (decrease) arising from: Change in tax rate Tax-exempt income Stock-based compensation Other 1,364 (34) 452 828 0.4 - 0.1 0.2 (1,530) (634) 428 (32) (0.4) (0.1) 0.1 - Provision for Income Taxes and Effective Tax Rate $ 97,032 26.3 % $ 102,665 26.3 % Deferred tax balances are comprised of the following: Deferred Tax Assets Leasing income Allowance for credit losses Deferred loan fees Deferred deposit broker commission Other temporary differences Deferred Tax Liabilities Intangible assets Other temporary differences 2020 2019 $ 25,546 $ 20,246 11,994 (4,337) (3,871) 21,869 13,527 10,573 (6,367) (1,734) $ $ $ 49,578 $ 37,868 9,689 $ 267 9,956 $ 3,324 1,392 4,716 CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 105 22. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE Basic earnings per common share is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated based on the treasury stock method, which assumes that any proceeds from in-the-money stock options are used to purchase our common shares at the average market price during the period. The calculation of earnings per common share follows: Numerator Common shareholders’ net income Denominator Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic Dilutive instruments: Stock options(1) Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding - Diluted Earnings Per Common Share Basic Diluted 2020 2019 $ 248,956 $ 266,940 87,158,714 87,512,616 33,469 225,988 87,192,183 $ 87,738,604 2.86 $ 2.86 3.05 3.04 $ $ (1) At October 31, 2020, the denominator excludes 1,290,318 (2019 – 958,123) employee stock options with an average exercise price of $32.78 (2019 – $33.22), adjusted for unrecognized stock-based compensation, that is greater than the average market price. 23. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Transactions with and between subsidiary entities are made at normal market prices and eliminated on consolidation. Preferred Rates and Terms We make loans, primarily residential mortgages, to our officers and employees at various preferred rates and terms. The total amount outstanding for these types of loans is $197,559 (October 31, 2019 – $184,130). We offer deposits, primarily fixed term deposits, to our officers and employees and their immediate family at preferred rates. The total amount outstanding for these deposits is $327,323 (October 31, 2019 – $323,308). Key Management Personnel Key management personnel are those that have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling our activities and include our independent directors. Compensation of key management personnel follows: Salaries, benefits and directors' compensation Share-based payments (stock options, RSUs, PSUs and DSUs)(1) Total (1) Share-based payments are based on the estimated fair value on grant date. 2020 5,029 $ 3,895 8,924 $ 2019 5,168 3,449 8,617 $ $ Loans outstanding with key management personnel totaled $121 as at October 31, 2020 (October 31, 2019 – $259). No loans were outstanding with our independent directors as at October 31, 2020 and 2019. 106 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report 24. INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY We are exposed to interest rate risk as a result of a difference, or gap, between the maturity or repricing behaviour of interest sensitive assets and liabilities. The interest rate gap is managed by adjusting the repricing behaviour of interest sensitive assets or liabilities to ensure the gap falls within our risk appetite. The repricing profile of these assets and liabilities has been incorporated in the table following, which contains the gap position at October 31 for select time intervals. Figures in brackets represent an excess of liabilities over assets or a negative gap position. Asset Liability Gap Positions ($millions) October 31, 2020 Assets Cash resources and securities Loans(1) Other assets(2) Derivatives(3) Total Liabilities and Equity Deposits(1) Securities sold under repurchase agreements Other liabilities(2) Debt Equity Derivatives(3) Total Interest Rate Sensitive Gap Cumulative Gap Cumulative Gap as a Floating Rate and Within 1 Month 1 Month to 3 Months 3 Months to 1 Year Total Within 1 Year 1 Year to 5 Years More than 5 Years Non- interest Sensitive Total $ 745 $ 312 $ 771 $ 1,828 $ 1,190 $ 57 $ 8 $ 3,083 13,889 - 331 14,965 1,270 - 510 2,092 4,255 - 1,479 6,505 19,414 - 2,320 23,562 10,468 - 2,500 14,158 284 - - 341 (158) 846 121 817 30,008 846 4,941 38,878 11,129 1,682 5,598 18,409 8,919 1 (19) 27,310 65 - 67 - 4,457 15,718 - - 116 - (83) - - 440 140 - 65 - 623 140 4,374 - - 1,801 425 265 1,715 6,178 23,611 11,410 - - - - 181 182 - 806 - 2,767 121 65 806 2,424 3,332 4,941 3,675 38,878 $ $ (753) $ 377 $ 327 $ (753) $ (376) $ (49) $ (49) (49) $ $ 2,748 $ 159 $ (2,858) $ 2,699 $ 2,858 $ - $ - - - - - Percentage of Total Assets (1.9)% (1.0)% (0.1)% (0.1)% 6.9% 7.4% - October 31, 2019 Cumulative Gap Cumulative Gap as a Percentage of Total Assets $ (1,183) $ (756) $ 551 $ 551 $ 2,419 $ 2,713 $ - $ (3.1)% (2.0)% 1.4% 1.4% 6.3% 7.0% - (1) Potential prepayments of fixed rate loans and early redemption of redeemable fixed term deposits have not been estimated. Redemptions of fixed term deposits where depositors have this option are not expected to be material. The majority of fixed rate loans, mortgages and leases are either closed or carry prepayment penalties. (2) Accrued interest is excluded in calculating interest sensitive assets and liabilities. (3) Derivative financial instruments are included in this table at the notional amount. The effective, weighted average interest rates for each class of financial asset and liability are shown below: Weighted Average Effective Interest Rates (%) October 31, 2020 Total assets Total liabilities Interest Rate Sensitive Gap October 31, 2019 Total assets Total liabilities Interest Rate Sensitive Gap Floating Rate and Within 1 Month 1 Month to 3 Months 3 Months to 1 Year 3.1% 0.8 2.3% 4.4% 1.9 2.5% 2.9% 1.9 1.0% 3.5% 2.3 1.2% 3.5% 2.2 1.3% 3.8% 2.4 1.4% Total Within 1 Year 3.2% 1.2 2.0% 4.1% 2.1 2.0% 1 Year to 5 Years 3.7% 2.3 1.4% 3.7% 2.7 1.0% More than 5 Years 4.1% 1.0 3.1% 5.3% - 5.3% Total 3.4% 1.5 1.9% 3.9% 2.1 1.8% Based on the current interest rate gap position, it is estimated that a one-percentage point increase or decrease in all interest rates would impact net interest income by less than 2%. A one-percentage point increase in interest rates would decrease other comprehensive income by $72,721 (October 31, 2019 – $107,812) net of tax and a one-percentage point decrease in interest rates would increase other comprehensive income by $74,999 (October 31, 2019 – $111,563), net of tax. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 107 25. INTEREST INCOME The composition of our interest income follows: Loans measured at amortized cost(1) Securities Debt securities measured at FVOCI(1) Equity securities designated at FVOCI Securities purchased under resale agreements measured at amortized cost(1) Deposits with regulated financial institutions measured at FVOCI(1) Total (1) Interest income is calculated using the effective interest method. 26. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS A) FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES BY MEASUREMENT BASIS 2020 2019 $ 1,336,002 $ 1,379,730 28,615 158 273 3,866 26,841 2,354 1,501 8,274 $ 1,368,914 $ 1,418,700 The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price (i.e. the value of the consideration given or received). Subsequent to initial recognition, financial instruments measured at fair value that are quoted in active markets are based on bid prices for financial assets and offer prices for financial liabilities. For certain securities and derivative financial instruments where an active market does not exist, fair values are determined using valuation techniques that refer to observable market data, including discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants, and non- market observable inputs. Several of our significant financial instruments, such as loans and deposits, lack an available trading market as they are not typically exchanged. Therefore, these instruments have been valued assuming they will not be sold, using present value or other suitable techniques and are not necessarily representative of the amounts realizable in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Changes in interest rates are the main cause of changes in the fair value of our financial instruments. The carrying value of loans, deposits, subordinated debentures and debt related to securitization activities are not adjusted to reflect increases or decreases in fair value due to interest rate changes as our intention is to realize their value over time by holding them to maturity. The following table provides the carrying amount of financial instruments by category as defined in IFRS 9 and by balance sheet heading. The table sets out the fair values of financial instruments (including derivatives) using the valuation methods and assumptions referred to below the table. The table does not include assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. The table also excludes assets and liabilities which are considered financial instruments, but are not recorded at fair value and for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. 108 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Financial Assets Cash resources Securities(2) Securities purchased under resale $ (Note 4) (Note 5) Deposits(3) Securities sold under repurchase $ agreements Loans(3) Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities agreements Debt Derivatives Total Financial Liabilities Financial Assets Cash resources Securities(2) Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans(3) Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities Deposits(3) Securities sold under repurchase agreements Debt Derivatives October 31, 2020 Derivatives Amortized Cost FVOCI Total Carrying Amount Fair Value Fair Value Over (Under) Carrying Amount - - - - 96,615 $ 113,868 - $ 254,451 2,664,618 $ 368,319 2,664,618 $ 368,319 2,664,618 $ - - 50,084 30,158,951 - - - - 50,084 30,158,951 96,615 50,084 30,541,660 96,615 - 382,709 - $ 96,615 $ 30,322,903 $ 2,919,069 $ 33,338,587 $ 33,721,296 $ 382,709 - - - $ 27,328,985 $ - $ 27,328,985 $ 27,738,072 $ 409,087 65,198 2,424,323 - $ 29,818,506 $ - - - - 65,198 2,424,323 6,285 65,198 2,483,015 6,285 - 58,692 - $ 29,824,791 $ 30,292,570 $ 467,779 6,285 6,285 $ October 31, 2019 Derivatives Amortized Cost FVOCI Total Carrying Amount Fair Value Fair Value Over(Under) Carrying Amount $ (Note 4) (Note 5) - - $ 121,986 - $ 293,856 2,019,207 $ 415,842 $ 2,019,207 415,842 2,019,207 $ - - - - 47,815 40,366 28,450,811 - - - - 40,366 28,450,811 47,815 40,366 28,478,436 47,815 - 27,625 - $ 47,815 $ 28,613,163 $ 2,313,063 $ 30,974,041 $ 31,001,666 $ 27,625 $ - $ 25,380,204 $ - $ 25,380,204 $ 25,544,270 $ 164,066 - - 14,016 29,965 2,412,293 - - - - - 29,965 2,412,293 14,016 29,965 2,444,034 14,016 - 31,741 - $ 27,836,478 $ 28,032,285 $ 195,807 Total Financial Liabilities $ 14,016 $ 27,822,462 $ (1) For further information on interest rates associated with financial assets and liabilities, including derivative instruments, refer to Note 24. (2) Securities are comprised of $2,662,626 (2019 - $2,001,043) measured at FVOCI and $1,992 (2019 - $18,164) designated at FVOCI. (3) Loans and deposits exclude deferred premiums, deferred revenue and allowance for credit losses, which are not financial instruments. The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of financial instruments are as follows: • Interest bearing deposits with regulated financial institutions and securities are reported on the consolidated balance sheets at the fair value disclosed in Notes 4 and 5. Remaining cash resources and securities purchased under resale agreements are reported at amortized cost, which is equal to fair value, on the consolidated balance sheets. These values are based on quoted market prices, if available. Where a quoted market price is not readily available, other valuation techniques are based on observable market rates used to estimate fair value. • Fair value of loans reflect changes in the general level of interest rates that have occurred since the loans were originated and exclude the allowance for credit losses. Fair value is estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows of these loans at current market rates for loans with similar terms and risks. • With the exception of derivative financial instruments and contingent consideration, financial instruments included within other assets and other liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets carrying values that closely approximate fair value. • For derivative financial instruments where an active market does not exist, fair values are determined using valuation techniques that refer to observable market data, including discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants. • The estimated fair values of deposits are determined by discounting the contractual cash flows at current market rates for deposits of similar terms. The fair values of debt are determined by reference to current market prices for debt with similar terms and risks. Fair values are based on our best estimates based on market conditions and pricing policies at a certain point in time. The estimates are subjective and involve particular assumptions and matters of judgment and, as such, may not be reflective of future fair values. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 109 Fair Value Hierarchy We categorize our fair value measurements of financial instruments according to a three-level hierarchy. Level 1 fair value measurements reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that we can access at the measurement date. Level 2 fair value measurements are estimated using observable inputs, including quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, and model inputs that are either observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 fair value measurements are determined using one or more inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available at the measurement date. As at October 31, 2020 Financial Assets Cash resources Securities Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities Deposits Securities sold under repurchase agreements Debt Derivatives Total Financial Liabilities As at October 31, 2019 Financial Assets Cash resources Securities Securities purchased under resale agreements Loans Derivatives Total Financial Assets Financial Liabilities Deposits Securities sold under repurchase agreements Debt Derivatives Total Financial Liabilities Valuation Technique Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ 368,319 $ 2,664,618 50,084 30,541,660 96,615 134,385 $ 561,868 - - - 233,934 $ 2,102,750 50,084 - 96,615 - - - 30,541,660 - 33,721,296 $ 696,253 $ 2,483,383 $ 30,541,660 27,738,072 $ 65,198 2,483,015 6,285 $ 30,292,570 $ - $ - - - - $ 27,738,072 $ 65,198 2,483,015 6,285 30,292,570 $ - - - - - Valuation Technique Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ 415,842 $ 2,019,207 40,366 28,478,436 47,815 139,876 $ 141,070 - - - 275,966 $ 1,878,137 40,366 - 47,815 - - - 28,478,436 - 31,001,666 $ 280,946 $ 2,242,284 $ 28,478,436 25,544,270 $ 29,965 2,444,034 14,016 $ 28,032,285 $ - $ - - - - $ 25,544,270 $ 29,965 2,444,034 14,016 28,032,285 $ - - - - - $ $ $ $ B) LEVEL 3 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE The Level 3 financial liabilities settled in the year ended October 31, 2019 related to the 2016 acquisition of CWB Maxium Financial Inc. and the 2018 divestiture by Canadian Western Trust, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CWB, of self-directed account services to clients holding certain securities. Fair value changes prior to the settlement of the liability were determined by estimating the expected value of the contingent consideration, taking into consideration the potential financial outcomes and their associated probabilities. The following table shows a reconciliation of the fair value measurements related to the Level 3 financial instruments: 2020 2019 Acquisitions Balance at beginning of year Acquisition-related fair value changes Contingent consideration instalment payments Divestitures Balance at beginning of year Divestiture-related fair value changes $ - $ - - - - - - Balance at End of Year $ - $ 29,514 7,854 (37,358) - 300 (300) - - 110 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report 27. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS - OFFSETTING The following table provides a summary of financial assets and liabilities which are subject to enforceable master netting agreements and similar arrangements, as well as financial collateral received and pledged to mitigate credit exposures related to these financial instruments. The agreements do not meet the netting criteria required by IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation as the right to set-off is only enforceable in the event of default or occurrence of other predetermined events. As at October 31, 2020 Financial Assets Derivatives Financial Liabilities Derivatives As at October 31, 2019 Financial Assets Derivatives Financial Liabilities Derivatives Amounts not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet Impact of Master Netting Agreements Cash Collateral (1) Securities Received as Collateral (1)(2) Net Amount $ 96,615 $ 6,285 $ 55,539 $ 34,791 $ - $ 6,285 $ 6,285 $ - $ - $ - Amounts not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet Gross Amounts Reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet Impact of Master Netting Agreements Cash Collateral (1) Securities Received as Collateral (1)(2) Net Amount $ 47,815 $ 13,788 $ 19,370 $ 5,939 $ 8,718 $ 14,016 $ 13,788 $ 228 $ - $ - (1) Financial collateral is reflected at fair value. The amount of financial instruments and cash collateral disclosed is limited to the net balance sheet exposure, and any over-collateralization is excluded from the table. (2) Collateral received in the form of securities is not recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. 28. RISK MANAGEMENT As part of our risk management practices, the risks that are significant to the business are identified, monitored and controlled. The most significant risks include credit risk, market risk, capital risk and operational risk. The nature of these risks and how they are managed is provided in the Risk Management section of the MD&A. As permitted by the IASB, certain aspects of the risk management disclosure related to risks inherent with financial instruments is included in the MD&A. The relevant MD&A sections are identified by shading within boxes and the content forms an integral part of these audited consolidated financial statements. Information on specific measures of risk, including the allowance for credit losses, derivative financial instruments, interest rate sensitivity, fair value of financial instruments and liability for unpaid claims are included elsewhere in these notes to the consolidated financial statements. 29. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Capital funds are managed in accordance with policies and plans that are regularly reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors and take into account forecasted capital needs and markets. The goal is to maintain adequate regulatory capital to be considered well-capitalized, protect customer deposits and provide capacity for internally generated growth and strategic opportunities that do not otherwise require accessing the public capital markets, all while providing a satisfactory return for shareholders. We have a share incentive plan that is provided to officers and employees who are in a position to impact our longer-term financial success as measured by share price appreciation and dividend yield. Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements details the number of shares under options outstanding, the weighted average exercise price and the amounts exercisable at year end. Regulatory capital and capital ratios are calculated in accordance with the requirements of OSFI. Capital is managed and reported in accordance with the requirements of the Basel III Capital Adequacy Accord (Basel III) using the Standardized approach. OSFI requires banks to measure capital adequacy in accordance with instructions for determining risk-adjusted capital and risk-weighted assets, including off-balance sheet commitments. Based on the deemed credit risk of each type of asset, a standardized weighting of 0% to 150% is assigned. As an example, a loan that is fully insured by CMHC is applied a risk weighting of 0% as our risk of loss is nil, while uninsured business loans are assigned a risk weighting of 100% to reflect the higher level of risk associated with this type of asset. The ratio of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets is calculated and compared to OSFI’s standards for Canadian financial institutions. Off-balance sheet assets, such as the notional amount of derivatives and some credit commitments, are included in the calculation of risk-weighted assets and both the credit risk equivalent and the risk-weighted calculations are prescribed by OSFI. Our required minimum regulatory capital ratios, including a 250 basis point capital conservation buffer, are 7.0% common equity Tier 1 (CET1), 8.5% Tier 1 and 10.5% Total capital. In addition, OSFI requires banks to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 3%. The leverage ratio provides the ratio of Tier 1 capital to on-balance sheet and off- balance sheet exposures. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 111 Regulatory Response to COVID-19 Beginning in March 2020, OSFI introduced new measures to support the economy and maintain financial system resiliency in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. OSFI introduced transitional arrangements related to the capital treatment of performing loan allowances, resulting in a portion of allowances that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital to be included in CET1 capital. Subject to a scaling factor, the after-tax increase in performing loan allowances between the most recent period end and January 31, 2020 will be included in CET1 capital. The scaling factor is set at 70% for fiscal 2020, 50% for fiscal 2021 and 25% for fiscal 2022. The implementation of the performing loan allowance transitional arrangement, which has no impact on the total capital ratio, resulted in a $21 million increase to CET1 and Tier 1 capital and an approximate 10 basis point increase in the CET1 and Tier 1 ratios at October 31, 2020. OSFI provided additional guidance related to the leverage ratio, allowing sovereign-issued securities that qualify as High Quality Liquid assets (HQLA) under the Liquidity Adequacy Requirements guideline to be temporarily excluded from the leverage ratio exposure measure until December 31, 2021. This change increased our leverage ratio by approximately 10 basis points at October 31, 2020. Significant Changes We adopted IFRS 16 on November 1, 2019 and, on transition recorded a reduction to shareholders’ equity of $13,035 and an increase in risk-weighted assets of $79,874. This resulted in a decrease in all of our capital adequacy ratios of approximately 10 basis points. For further details refer to Note 1. On November 18, 2019, we redeemed all $250,000 of outstanding non-NVCC subordinated debentures for an aggregate amount of $253,900. This resulted in a decrease in the Total capital ratio of approximately 80 basis points. On June 1, 2020, the wealth acquisition described in Note 3 resulted in a reduction of all capital adequacy ratios by approximately 30 basis points. On June 29, 2020, we issued $125,000 of NVCC subordinated debentures due June 29, 2030. This issuance resulted in an increase in the Total capital ratio of approximately 50 basis points. On October 30, 2020, we issued $175,000 of Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 due April 30, 2081. This issuance resulted in an increase to the Tier 1 and Total capital ratios of approximately 70 basis points. For further details, refer to Note 16. During 2020, we submitted our final application to OSFI to receive regulatory approval for transition from the Standardized approach to the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) approach for capital and risk management. Until OSFI approval for transition to AIRB is received, we will continue to apply the Standardized approach for capital management and reporting. During the year, we complied with all internal and external capital requirements. Capital Structure and Regulatory Capital Ratios Regulatory Capital, Net of Deductions Common equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Total Capital Ratios Common equity Tier 1 Tier 1 Total Leverage Ratio 2020 2019 $ 2,371,753 2,936,845 3,418,997 $ 2,302,551 2,692,714 3,232,807 8.8% 10.9 12.6 8.5 9.1% 10.7 12.8 8.3 112 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report 30. SUBSIDIARIES As at October 31, 2020, we, either directly or indirectly through our subsidiaries, control the following significant subsidiaries: Canadian Western Bank Subsidiaries(1) (annexed in accordance with subsection 308 (3) of the Bank Act) CWB National Leasing Inc. CWB Private Investment Counsel Ltd.(2) CWB Wealth Management Ltd.(2)(3) CWB McLean & Partners Wealth Management Ltd.(4) Canadian Western Financial Ltd. CWB Maxium Financial Inc. Canadian Western Trust Company Valiant Trust Company Address of Head Office 1525 Buffalo Place Winnipeg, Manitoba 26 Wellington Street East, 8th Floor Toronto, Ontario Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue Edmonton, Alberta 801 10th Ave SW Calgary, Alberta Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue Edmonton, Alberta 30 Vogell Road, Suite 1 Richmond Hill, Ontario Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue Edmonton, Alberta Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue Edmonton, Alberta Carrying Value of Voting Shares Owned by CWB(5) $ 134,458 86,816 31,844 30,812 19,136 8,080 (1) Unless otherwise noted, we, either directly or through our subsidiaries, own 100% of the voting shares of each entity. (2) CWB Private Investment Counsel Ltd, comprised of the wealth management business acquisition described in Note 3, was amalgamated with CWB Wealth Management Ltd. on November 1, 2020. The amalgamated subsidiary continues under the name of CWB Wealth Management Ltd. (3) We own 100% of the voting shares of CWB Wealth Management Ltd. (October 31, 2019 – 93.91%). (4) CWB Wealth Management Ltd. owns 74.67% of the voting shares of CWB Mclean & Partners Wealth Management Ltd. (October 31, 2019 – 73.70%). (5) The carrying value of voting shares is stated at the cost of our equity in the subsidiaries in thousands of dollars. 31. COMPARATIVE FIGURES Certain prior year figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report | 113 Shareholder Information CWB Financial Group Corporate Headquarters Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue NW Canadian Western Bank Place Edmonton, AB T5J 3X6 Telephone: 780.423.8888 Fax: 780.423.8897 cwb.com 2021 Annual Meeting The annual and special meeting of the common shareholders of Canadian Western Bank will be held in Edmonton, AB, on April 1, 2021 at 1:00 p.m. MT (3:00 p.m. ET). Transfer Agent and Registrar Computershare Trust Company of Canada 100 University Avenue, 8th Floor Toronto, ON M5J 2Y1 Telephone: 416.263.9200 Toll-free: 1.800.564.6253 Fax: 888.453.0330 computershare.com Stock Exchange Listings The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) Common Shares: CWB Series 5 Preferred Shares: CWB.PR.B Series 7 Preferred Shares: CWB.PR.C Series 9 Preferred Shares: CWB.PR.D Eligible Dividend Designation CWB designates all common and preferred share dividends paid to Canadian residents as “eligible dividends”, as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada), unless otherwise noted. Shareholdings and Dividends Contact Information regarding your shareholdings and dividends, including changes to share registrations or addresses, lost share certificates, tax forms or estate transfers, and may be obtained by contacting the transfer agent. Direct Deposit Services Shareholders may choose to have cash dividends paid on CWB common and preferred shares deposited directly into accounts held at their financial institution. To arrange direct deposit service, please contact the Transfer Agent and Registrar. Dividend Reinvestment Plan CWB’s dividend reinvestment plan allows common and preferred shareholders to purchase additional common shares by reinvesting their cash dividend without incurring brokerage and commission fees. For information about participation in the plan, please contact the Transfer Agent and Registrar. Duplicated Communications If you receive, but do not require, more than one mailing for the same ownership, please contact the Transfer Agent and Registrar to combine the accounts. Investor Relations Contact For financial information inquiries, please contact: Investor Relations CWB Financial Group Suite 3000, 10303 Jasper Avenue NW Canadian Western Bank Place Edmonton, AB T5J 3X6 Telephone: 800.836.1886 investorrelations@cwbank.com This 2020 Annual Report, along with our Annual Information Form, Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Management Proxy Circular, is available on our website, or will be available in due course. For additional printed copies of these reports, please contact the Investor Relations Team. Filings are also available on the Canadian Securities Administrators’ website at sedar.com. Further information regarding the Bank’s listed securities is available on our website www.cwb.com/investor- relations. Resolving concerns We are proud of our reputation and encourage you to tell us if you think we have been unsuccessful in dealing with you properly and fairly in any aspect of our business. Please see our website for steps to resolve your complaint. www.cwb.com/about-us/ resolving-your-concerns 114 | CWB Financial Group 2020 Annual Report Azfar Karimuddin Senior Vice President, Information Services Kelly Martin Senior Vice President and Chief Internal Auditor Matt Rudd, CPA, CA Senior Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations David Thomson Senior Vice President, Credit Risk Management Commercial and Retail Banking Jeff Bowling Senior Vice President, Real Estate Blaine Forer Senior Vice President and Regional General Manager, British Columbia Mario Furlan Senior Vice President, Real Estate, BC Region John Steeves Senior Vice President and Regional General Manager, Prairies Region Jeff Wright Senior Vice President, Equipment, Digital & Client Solutions CWB National Leasing Michael Dubowec President and Chief Executive Officer CWB Optimum Mortgage Rejean Roberge Vice President CWB Trust Services Bjorn Frohnsdorf Vice President and General Manager CWB Wealth Management Matt Evans President and Chief Executive Officer CWB McLean & Partners Wealth Management Kevin Dehod President and Chief Executive Officer CWB Maxium Financial Daryl MacLellan President and Chief Executive Officer Complaints or Concerns regarding Accounting, Internal Accounting Controls or Auditing Matters Please contact either: Carolyn Graham Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer CWB Financial Group Telephone: 780.423.8854 Fax: 780.969.8326 carolyn.graham@cwbank.com or Robert Manning Chair of the Audit Committee c/o 210 – 5324 Calgary Trail Edmonton, AB T6H 4J8 Telephone: 780.438.2626 Fax: 780.438.2632 robert.manning@cwb.com SENIOR OFFICERS Executive Officers Chris Fowler President and Chief Executive Officer Carolyn Graham, FCPA, FCA Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kelly Blackett Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Communications Glen Eastwood Executive Vice President, Business Transformation Darrell Jones Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer Stephen Murphy Executive Vice President, Banking Bogac (Bogie) Ozdemir Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer Senior Corporate Officers Vlad Ahmad Senior Vice President, Operations and Business Transformation Niall Boles Senior Vice President and Treasurer Bindu Cudjoe Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary corporatesecretary@cwbank.com Supriya James Senior Vice President, Human Resources 

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