Chevron
Annual Report 2018

Plain-text annual report

C h e v r o n C o r p o r a t i o n 2 0 1 8 A n n u a l R e p o r t 2018 annual report 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 USA Chevron Corporation www.chevron.com © 2019 Chevron Corporation. All rights reserved. 100% Recyclable 912-0981 140 years of human progress 105707_CVX_AR2018_CVR.R2.indd 1 3/18/19 12:57 PM leading the future of energy Chevron delivers the affordable, reliable and ever-cleaner energy that enables human progress. As the energy landscape continues to evolve, Chevron invests in technology to push energy’s frontiers. We mobilize our human ingenuity to solve the most complex challenges and leverage our financial strength to explore new possibilities. Global demand for our products is growing, and Chevron’s portfolio continues to grow stronger and more resilient. Our Upstream organization finds, develops and produces oil and gas resources efficiently. Our Downstream & Chemicals organization drives earnings across the value chain and grows our chemical and lubricant portfolios. Our Midstream business provides safe and reliable infrastructure and services, ensuring the safe movement of our finished products. Of course, our greatest asset is our people. We are solvers of complex problems, and our global team — which includes engineers, scientists, environmentalists and technologists — is committed to leading the future of energy: The right way. The responsible way. The Chevron Way. 100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide is expected to be injected into the Dupuy Formation over the life of the Gorgon facility* *The Gorgon Carbon Dioxide Injection Project is the world’s largest commercial-scale carbon dioxide injection facility of its kind, designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the Gorgon Field project by approximately 40 percent. On this page: Two of Chevron’s Asia-class liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels, docked at the Chevron-operated Gorgon project on Barrow Island, Western Australia. Each vessel will take on approximately 158,000m3 of LNG, followed by a 10-day voyage to customers in Asia. On the cover: Early morning at Tengiz, one of the world’s deepest producing supergiant oil fields, a welder from local Kazakhstani company MontazhSpetsStroy completes the ground assembly for tank construction for the Future Growth Project and Wellhead Pressure Management Project (FGP-WPMP). As the next phase of expansion at Tengiz, FGP-WPMP is expected to increase production to ~1 million barrels per day. table of contents II letter to stockholders X board of directors and corporate officers 27 financial review VI winning in any environment XII chevron at a glance 90 five-year financial summary VII our sources of competitive advantage XIV chevron stock performance 102 our history VIII our leadership XV financial and operating highlights 103 glossary of energy and financial terms IX lead director: one-on-one XVI strategies 104 stockholder and investor information Gorgon and Wheatstone LNG projects play a key role in meeting the Asia-Pacific region’s demand for affordable, reliable and ever-cleaner energy. 4.2 billion cubic feet/day total production capacity of natural gas for Gorgon and Wheatstone 10 LNG carriers Chevron’s shipbuilding and fleet modernization program 24.5 million metric tons total installed liquefaction capacity per year for Gorgon and Wheatstone A digital version of this report is available: www.chevron.com/annualreport2018 to our stockholders This year marks Chevron’s 140th anniversary — a milestone that prompts reflection on our history and admiration for the extraordinary women and men who have built a lasting company based on the belief that energy is vital to human progress. This purpose is even clearer now than it was in 1879. Today, Chevron touches the lives of billions of people across the globe, delivering affordable, reliable, ever-cleaner energy that offers access to the necessities of modern life, drives economic and social development, and creates the promise for a better future. We feel proud and privileged to fulfill this responsibility, to invest in the communities where we operate, and to generate sustained value for our stockholders, customers and employees. Our strong performance in 2018 enabled us to deliver on all of our financial priorities — growing the dividend, funding a disciplined capital program, strengthening the balance sheet and returning surplus cash to stockholders. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report II Financial highlights from 2018 include: net income $14.8 billion up $5.6 billion from 2017 capital employed 8.2% return up from 5% in 2017 sales and other operating revenues $158.9 billion up $24.2 billion from 2017 record free cash flow $16.8 billion the highest level ever achieved by Chevron in any price environment For the 31st consecutive year, Chevron increased the annual per-share dividend payout. We returned an additional $1.75 billion of cash to stockholders through stock repurchases. In addition, we further strengthened the balance sheet, reducing our debt ratio to 18 percent. This performance reflects momentum across all our operating segments. Our Upstream business reported a highest-ever worldwide net production of more than 2.9 million oil-equivalent barrels per day, up more than 7 percent from 2017 and 12 percent from 2016. Production increases were driven by Permian Basin growth, startups in the Gulf of Mexico and Australia, continued ramp-up of liquified natural gas (LNG) operations in Australia, and a high level of reliability at Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan. We added approximately 1.46 billion barrels of net oil-equivalent proved reserves, replacing 136 percent of production. Our five-year reserve replacement ratio is 117 percent. Chevron increased development drilling in the Permian Basin, and we expect continued strong production growth in the Permian over the next several years. We also acquired new exploration acreage, including six blocks in Brazil and 31 blocks in the Gulf of Mexico. Construction continued on the Future Growth Project and Wellhead Pressure Management Project in Kazakhstan, including first module delivery and installation. In Downstream & Chemicals, we commissioned a new hydrogen plant as part of the Richmond Refinery Modernization Project. In our Oronite additives business, we broke ground on our blending and shipping project in Ningbo, China. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company commissioned its world-scale ethane cracker at the Cedar Bayou facility as part of the U.S. Gulf Coast Petrochemicals Project. We also expanded our new retail marketing network in Mexico, with 135 stations opened as of year-end 2018. Our Midstream business delivered the first LNG cargo from the Gorgon project to the new LNG receiving terminal in Zhoushan, China, an important achievement that will help China meet its goal of increasing natural gas in its overall energy mix. In the Permian Basin, Chevron strategically secured pipeline capacity to maximize value in advance of our production ramp-up. Our Shipping organization supported the safe and successful delivery of the first modular component to the Future Growth Project in Kazakhstan — a voyage of nearly 17,000 miles. Permian Basin Chevron and its legacy companies have been a fixture in the Permian Basin, which is located in the southwestern United States, since the early 1920s. In 2011, Chevron produced its 5 billionth barrel from the Permian. Today we are among the largest producers of oil and natural gas in the basin, and with approximately 2.2 million net acres (8,903 sq km), Chevron is one of the Permian Basin’s largest net acreage holders. Chevron delivered these results in a year characterized by healthy global economic activity and heightened geopolitical tensions. Global liquids demand surpassed 100 million barrels a day for the first time ever. Commodity prices rose during the first nine months of 2018, driven by strong demand, before Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report III declining in the last quarter. LNG markets continued to respond to strength in Asian gas demand. The return of U.S. sanctions on Iran, volatility in the Middle East, trade tensions between China and the United States, Russia sanctions, and worsening conditions in Venezuela created further uncertainty for global energy markets. Although market conditions may remain volatile, our portfolio is resilient. We are focused on creating value through a disciplined capital program that prioritizes efficient, low-risk, short-cycle investments. Our Upstream portfolio is anchored by large, long-lived assets with low production decline. An efficient, high-return Downstream business complements our Upstream. Across all our business segments, we are accelerating the deployment of digital technologies to improve revenues, reduce costs, increase reliability and improve safety. We are making smart investments and building our company to win in any environment. In 2018, we also had our best year ever in health, environment and safety performance, with no fatalities of employees or contractors in any of our operations. We continue to lead the industry in personal safety performance and meet or exceed targets on all core personal safety metrics. This performance is directly related to our strong Operational Excellence culture and an increased focus on safeguard assurance for high-risk work. record safety 2018 marks our best year on record in health, environment and safety In every instance, Chevron’s performance rests on the strong foundation created by our people and our culture. The environment in which we operate is dynamic. The biggest questions of the future remain unanswered. Our work is complex and demanding. Yet for 140 years, the ingenuity of our people has led to new insights, new discoveries and new innovations. This is not a coincidence. Our culture is defined by our values, which emphasize a deep commitment to diversity and inclusion, high performance, innovation, integrity, and trust. This has been part of our DNA for decades. To hold ourselves to this high standard — and to ensure an effective approach to human capital management — we regularly seek employee feedback to understand where Chevron is performing well and where we can further improve. Our Board of Directors takes this input seriously — and we act on it. Based on feedback, we are working to Build Our Tomorrow, by putting new digital technologies in the hands of employees, promoting better, faster decision making and revamping our performance management system. We use social media and other platforms to create access to information, remove organizational barriers, and bridge vast geographic expanses to exchange ideas and communicate. These are just some of the ways we put The Chevron Way to work, ensuring a culture in which all voices are heard, all ideas are considered and all our people have the opportunity to contribute to their fullest. Actions like these are essential in today’s environment. But we recognize that leadership goes well beyond delivering strong financial returns and creating a compelling work experience. We must also deliver value for society. Our success is inextricably linked to the social progress and economic prosperity of the communities where we work. Our operations deliver good jobs and a better life. They promote the development of communities and enable the economic progress that fosters environmental improvement. In our annual Corporate Responsibility Report, available at www.chevron.com/cr, we highlight our performance in several environmental, social and governance areas. Over the last five years, Chevron invested $154 billion in global goods and services and more than $1 billion in global social programs. We are in the business of progress, and we cannot do this work alone. Across the countries where we operate, we rely on thousands of partners who help us convert our aspirations into real results. One such example is our support of the Global Fund and its work in Africa and the Pacific Rim fighting HIV/AIDS. In 2018, the Global Fund directed $2.5 million from Chevron to providing antiretroviral therapy to almost 20,000 people and helping reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Since 2008, we have provided more than $60 million to the Global Fund, contributing to its success in saving more than 27 million lives. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report IV We provide the affordable, reliable, ever-cleaner energy needed to meet rising demand. By 2040, the global population is expected to reach roughly 9 billion people, and the International Energy Agency expects global energy demand to increase by nearly 30 percent. Our strengths across Upstream, Midstream and Downstream position us to help meet society’s growing need for energy. We will meet this demand in a way that respects society’s concerns about climate change and aspirations for a cleaner environment — views we share. This requires innovation. In 2018, we launched the $100 million Future Energy Fund, a venture capital fund established to invest in breakthrough technologies. Early investments include an electric vehicle charging network, novel battery technology and direct capture of carbon dioxide from the air. We also joined the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), a coalition of 13 global companies cooperating on constructive actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our commitment includes a $100 million contribution to OGCI’s more than $1 billion fund to invest in technologies and businesses that promise meaningful greenhouse gas emissions reductions. During my first year as chairman and CEO, I visited our operations around the world to listen to and learn from our employees. In my travels, I was often asked: “Why do you work for Chevron?” We work for our families. We work for our communities. We work to make the world a better place. And we work because we are proud of what we do. I am honored to serve the women and men of Chevron. I am humbled by the opportunity to help build on our company’s 140-year history and the work of generations of talented problem solvers who have turned some of the greatest challenges of our time into vast, human opportunities for advancement. I am proud, too, to represent a fundamental truth: energy enables human progress. I am committed to this truth, and I am fully confident that our people will continue to lead in the decades to come. Sincerely, Michael K. Wirth Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer February 22, 2019 The greatest challenge we face is affordably and reliably meeting the energy needs of a growing world population and at the same time reducing emissions. y In 2019, we updated Climate Change Resilience — A Framework for Decision Making, available at www.chevron.com/corporate-responsibility/climate-change, which explains our strategic approach as it relates to climate change, to enhance reporting on governance, risk management, strategy and actions. This report is consistent with the recommendations made by the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures. y In 2019, we added a new metric to our corporate scorecard tied to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Chevron’s target is to achieve by 2023 a 20 to 25 percent reduction in methane emissions intensity and a 25 to 30 percent reduction in flaring intensity. Employee bonus compensation is tied to our performance on this scorecard. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report V winning in any environment Every day, we focus on delivering the energy that enables human progress and the ways we can — and will — win in any environment. We are committed to business strategies to grow free cash flow, improve returns and deliver value to our stockholders. To win in any environment, we must innovate. Year after year, we will: grow production and sustain margins be returns-driven in capital allocation lower our cost structure get more out of assets high-grade portfolio Photo: Jack/St. Malo is Chevron’s signature deepwater project in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Total daily production from Jack/St. Malo fields in 2018 averaged 139,000 barrels of liquids (71,000 net) and 21 million cubic feet of natural gas (11 million net). Mike Biondo, an Operations Team member, is shown here conducting routine checks on the floating production unit to ensure reliable and safe operations. our sources of competitive advantage expertise We leverage nearly a century and a half of expertise to navigate global markets, thrive in diverse economies and cultures, operate in complex regulatory environments, and develop new energy solutions. purpose We are committed to delivering the energy that improves lives and enables human progress, within a company culture defined by trust, responsibility and integrity. Our purpose guides our aspirations, motivations and operations. people We invest in developing and deploying generations of problem solvers, and we equip them to solve today’s biggest challenges while anticipating those on the horizon. We believe the greatest resources we have are human ingenuity, creativity and imagination. partners We partner around the world to deliver the energy of today and explore the energy opportunities of tomorrow. Delivering energy — from exploration to extraction to production to distribution — requires a network of trusted partners who succeed when we succeed. technology We leverage technology to push energy’s frontiers. Every day, we scan the landscape for opportunities to make the world’s energy cleaner and more affordable, our environmental footprint smaller, and the industry’s workforce safer. financial strength Our financial strength supports our goal to invest in future opportunities and deliver sustained shareholder value in any economic environment. We put our financial strength to work to shape the future of energy — identifying the most promising trends, making smart investments and scaling the most sustainable solutions on a global basis. assets We have diversified, high-quality assets around the world that underpin our financial strength and present opportunities for future development. energy is at the heart of everything we do Our success is driven by our people and their commitment to getting results the right way — by operating responsibly, executing with excellence, applying innovative technologies and capturing new opportunities for profitable growth. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report VII our leadership engaged leaders are working to mobilize chevron’s human ingenuity to solve the most complex energy challenges As a company that touches the lives of billions of people around the world and provides the necessities of modern life, our responsibilities are profound. Today, employees, partners, customers and investors expect more from the corporation and its Board of Directors than ever before. commitment to economic growth in the area. During the visit, the Board met with members of the Argentine government and spent a day at Loma Campana, the flagship shale development in Vaca Muerta. The Chevron Board not only guides enterprise direction, but also continuously assesses internal and external views on a variety of topics, from energy market conditions and geopolitical developments to technology trends and competitor actions. Our Board has a proven track record across a broad range of experiences, including leadership of global businesses and international affairs; expertise in science, technology and engineering; extensive knowledge of governmental, regulatory, legal, environmental and public policy issues; and complex financial management, capital allocation and reporting processes. Diversity of gender, ethnicity, age, skills and experience fosters the different perspectives that make our Board’s oversight and decision making more effective. The Chevron Board meets six times a year, often including field visits that provide insight into our human capital and operations. In 2018, the Board visited Argentina for an in-depth look at Chevron’s efforts to advance the development of Vaca Muerta — one of the largest deposits of shale oil and gas in the world — and support our company’s continued investment and These visits help the Board establish a deeper connection to the business by offering opportunities to listen to, learn from and engage with the employees and partners who are leading the future of energy. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report VIII lead director: one-on-one independent lead director ronald d. sugar discusses several key areas in which chevron is committed to lead — the future of energy, human capital management, stockholder engagement and board diversity Q: What were the key takeaways from meetings with stockholders in 2018? A: An engagement team of Chevron officers and experts held productive meetings with stockholders in 2018 to discuss a variety of topics — from financial performance to environmental, social and governance matters. I participated in some of these engagements. Our investors took a strong interest in three areas: managing risks associated with climate change; ensuring transparency of lobbying practices and processes; and having more insight into human capital management. We are taking important actions in response to this dialogue. In February 2019, we announced new methane and flaring intensity reduction targets as we updated key sections of Climate Change Resilience — A Framework for Decision Making. We also took steps to provide more transparency in our lobbying activities by lowering the disclosure threshold — from $500,000 to $100,000 in annual dues — for trade association memberships wherein a portion of our dues may be used for lobbying purposes. And we are committed to more disclosure in our annual Corporate Responsibility Report on issues such as gender equity, employee well-being, and recruitment and retention. Q: How important is Board refreshment and evaluation? A: To understand and lead in a dynamic energy market, it is important that we constantly evolve, including the membership of our Board. We have experienced meaningful refreshment in recent years, resulting in average Board tenure of 4.7 years, with a range from less than one year to 14 years. Our Directors must have broad experience and expertise relevant to the changing needs of the company and our industry. To enable Board refreshment and regular rotation of Committee chairs, Directors are elected annually and serve for a one-year term or until their successors are elected. In addition, every year, the Board and its Committees conduct a comprehensive self-evaluation, and I lead a discussion of the results with the full Board. This year, we augmented our evaluation process to make evaluations of individual Director performance more rigorous. Our Board is highly focused on human capital management issues, reflecting our belief that Chevron’s greatest resources are human ingenuity and sense of purpose. Q: How does the diverse background of Chevron’s Board help the company navigate the world’s energy transition? A: For more than a century and a half, the world has been in an energy transition as the first and second industrial revolutions have mechanized production, agriculture and other aspects of modern life. These advances have been fueled by energy as a primary input, and they set humanity on a track to continuously seek more affordable, reliable and ever-cleaner energy inputs in order to meet increasing global demand created by a growing population and ambitions for prosperity. The diverse experience and expertise of Chevron’s Board play a critical role in helping the company navigate the challenges and opportunities of this transition. By bringing together unique skills and qualifications developed through leadership in academia, business, finance and technology, as well as a diversity of gender, age, background and ethnicity, the Board is well positioned to test company strategy on an ongoing basis. As part of our duty to provide robust oversight, the Board also meets with external experts to add new perspectives regarding the evolving energy landscape. Through these efforts, the Board continuously drives Chevron’s strategy and ensures that risks are understood and mitigated. Q: Tell us more about the Board’s role in human capital management. A: Our Board is highly focused on human capital management issues, reflecting our belief that Chevron’s greatest resources are human ingenuity and sense of purpose. To ensure an engaged and inclusive work environment that values safety, The Chevron Way, and diversity of our employees’ talents and experiences, the Board reviews and approves executive compensation, executive selections and succession plans, and diversity and inclusion data. We regularly meet with employees at all levels and in different locations to observe firsthand how our investments in human capital are succeeding. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report IX board of directors The Board of Directors of Chevron directs the affairs of the corporation and is committed to sound principles of corporate governance. The Directors bring a proven track record of success across a broad range of experiences at the policymaking level. Michael K. (Mike) Wirth, 58 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since February 2018. He was elected to these positions by Chevron’s Independent Directors in September 2017 and assumed the roles on February 1, 2018. Prior to his current role, Wirth served as vice chairman of the Board in 2017 and executive vice president of Midstream and Development for Chevron Corporation from 2016 to 2018. In that role, he was responsible for supply and trading, shipping, pipeline, and power operating units; corporate strategy; business development; and policy, government and public affairs. Wirth was executive vice president of Downstream & Chemicals from 2006 to 2015. Prior to that, he served as president of Global Supply and Trading from 2003 to 2006. In 2001, Wirth was named president of Marketing for Chevron’s Asia/Middle East/Africa business, based in Singapore. He also served on the board of directors for Caltex Australia Limited and GS Caltex Corporation in South Korea. Wirth serves on the board of directors of Catalyst. He also serves on the board of directors and executive committee of the American Petroleum Institute and is a member of the National Petroleum Council, the Business Roundtable, the World Economic Forum International Business Council and the American Society of Corporate Executives. Wirth joined Chevron in 1982 as a design engineer. He earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Colorado in 1982. Wanda M. Austin, 64 Director since 2016. She is interim president at the University of Southern California, and she holds an adjunct Research Professor appointment at the University of Southern California’s Viterbi School’s Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. She is a retired president and chief executive officer of the Aerospace Corporation, a leading architect for the United States’ national security space programs. She is a director of Amgen Inc. (2, 4) John B. Frank, 62 Director since 2017. He is vice chairman of Oaktree Capital Group, LLC, a leader among global investment managers specializing in alternative investments. Previously, he was managing principal, having joined Oaktree in 2001 as general counsel. He is a director of Oaktree Capital Group, LLC, Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation, and of Oaktree Strategic Income Corporation. (1) Alice P. Gast, 60 Director since 2012. She is president of Imperial College London, a public research university specializing in science, engineering, medicine and business. Previously, she was president of Lehigh University in Pennsylvania. Prior to that, she was vice president for Research, associate provost and Robert T. Haslam Chair in chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2,4) Enrique Hernandez Jr., 63 Director since 2008. He is chairman and chief executive officer of Inter-Con Security Systems, Inc., a global provider of security and facility support services to governments, utilities and industrial customers. He is chairman of the board of McDonald’s Corporation. (3, 4) Charles W. Moorman IV, 67 Director since 2012. He is a retired chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Norfolk Southern Corporation, a freight and transportation company. He also served as president at Norfolk Southern from 2004 to 2013. He is also a retired president and chief executive officer of Amtrak, a passenger rail service provider. He is a director of Duke Energy Corporation and Oracle Corporation. (1) Dambisa F. Moyo, 50 Director since 2016. She is chief executive officer of Mildstorm LLC, focusing on the global economy and international affairs. Previously, she worked at Goldman Sachs in various roles and at the World Bank in Washington, D.C. She is the author of three New York Times bestsellers and is a director of 3M Company and Barclays plc. (1) Debra Reed-Klages, 63 Director since 2018. She is a retired chairman, chief executive officer and president of Sempra Energy, an energy-services holding company in North America and South America. Previously, she was executive vice president of Sempra Energy and president and chief executive officer of San Diego Gas & Electric and Southern California Gas Co. She is a director of Caterpillar Inc. (3,4) Ronald D. Sugar, 70 Lead Director since 2015 and a Director since 2005. He is a retired chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Northrop Grumman Corporation. He is a senior advisor to various businesses and organizations, including Ares Management LLC; Bain & Company; Temasek Americas Advisory Panel, based in Singapore; and the G100 Network and the World 50. He is a director of Air Lease Corporation, Amgen Inc. and Apple Inc. (2, 3) Inge G. Thulin, 65 Director since 2015. He is executive chairman of the board of 3M Company, a diversified global manufacturer, technology innovator, and marketer of a variety of products and services. Previously, he was chairman, president and chief executive officer of 3M. Prior to that, he was the company’s executive vice president and chief operating officer. He is a director of Merck & Co. (1) D. James Umpleby III, 61 Director since 2018. He is chairman and chief executive officer of Caterpillar Inc., a leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines, and diesel-electric locomotives. Previously, he was group president of Caterpillar’s Energy and Transportation business segment. (2, 3) Committees of the Board 1) Audit: Charles W. Moorman IV, Chair 2) Board Nominating and Governance: Ronald D. Sugar, Chair 3) Management Compensation: Enrique Hernandez Jr., Chair 4) Public Policy: Wanda M. Austin, Chair Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report X corporate officers Pierre R. Breber, 54 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 2019. Responsible for comptroller, tax, treasury, audit and investor relations. Previously, executive vice president, Downstream & Chemicals, and executive vice president, Gas and Midstream. Joined the company in 1989. Mary A. Francis, 54 Corporate Secretary and Chief Governance Officer since 2015. Responsible for providing advice and counsel to the Board of Directors and senior management on corporate governance matters, managing the company’s corporate governance function, and serving on the Law Function Executive Committee. Previously, chief corporate counsel. Joined the company in 2002. Joseph C. Geagea, 59 Executive Vice President, Technology, Projects and Services, since 2015. Responsible for energy technology; delivery of major capital projects; procurement; Information and Technology; Health, Environment and Safety; talent selection; and business development. Previously, senior vice president, Technology, Projects and Services. Joined the company in 1982. James W. Johnson, 60 Executive Vice President, Upstream, since 2015. Responsible for Chevron’s global exploration and production activities for crude oil and natural gas. Previously, senior vice president, Upstream; president, Chevron Europe, Eurasia and Middle East Exploration and Production Company; managing director, Eurasia business unit; and managing director, Australasia business unit. Joined the company in 1981. Charles N. Macfarlane, 64 Vice President since 2013 and General Tax Counsel since 2010. Responsible for directing Chevron’s worldwide tax activities. Previously, the company’s assistant general tax counsel. Joined the company in 1986. Navin K. Mahajan, 52 Vice President and Treasurer since 2019. Responsible for Chevron’s banking, financing, cash management, insurance, pension investments, and credit and receivables activities. Previously, vice president of finance for Chevron’s Downstream & Chemicals organization, assistant treasurer of OpCo Financing for Chevron, and chief compliance officer. Joined the company in 1996. Rhonda J. Morris, 53 Vice President since 2016 and Chief Human Resources Officer since 2019. Responsible for human resources, diversity, ombuds, and global health and medical groups. Previously, vice president, Human Resources, Downstream & Chemicals. Joined the company in 1991. Bruce Niemeyer, 57 Vice President, Strategic Planning, since 2018. Responsible for the company’s strategic direction, allocation of resources, and determination of performance measures and targets. Previously, vice president of Chevron’s Mid-Continent business unit and vice president of the Appalachian/Michigan Strategic business unit. Joined the company in 2000. Jeanette L. Ourada, 53 Vice President and Comptroller since 2015. Responsible for corporatewide accounting, financial reporting and analysis, internal controls, and Finance Shared Services. Previously, general manager, Finance Shared Services; assistant treasurer; and general manager, Investor Relations. Joined the company in 2004. Colin E. Parfitt, 55 Vice President, Midstream, since 2019. Responsible for Chevron’s Midstream business, including the company’s supply and trading, shipping, pipeline, and power operating units. Previously, president, Supply and Trading. Joined the company in 1995. R. Hewitt Pate, 56 Vice President and General Counsel since 2009. Responsible for directing the company’s worldwide legal affairs. Previously, chair, Competition Practice, Hunton & Williams LLP, Washington, D.C., and assistant attorney general, Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice. Joined the company in 2009. J. David (Dave) Payne, 58 Vice President, Health, Environment and Safety (HES), since 2018. Responsible for HES strategic planning and issues management, compliance assurance, and emergency response. Previously, vice president of Drilling and Completions. Prior to that, drilling manager in Bangkok. Joined the company in 1981. Jay R. Pryor, 61 Vice President, Business Development, since 2006. Responsible for identifying and developing new, large-scale Upstream and Downstream business opportunities, including mergers and acquisitions. Previously, managing director, Chevron Nigeria Ltd., and managing director, Asia South business unit and Chevron Offshore (Thailand) Ltd. Joined the company in 1979. Dale A. Walsh, 60 Vice President, Corporate Affairs, since 2019. Responsible for anticipating and responding to changing stakeholder expectations and managing social, political and reputational risks. Previously, president, Americas Products from 2010, and president, Lubricants, 2006–2010. Joined the company in 1983. Mark A. Nelson, 55 Executive Vice President, Downstream & Chemicals, since 2019. Responsible for directing the company’s worldwide manufacturing, marketing, lubricants, chemicals and Oronite additives businesses and Chevron’s joint-venture Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. Previously, vice president, Midstream, Strategy and Policy, and vice president, Strategic Planning. Joined the company in 1985. Retiring Officers Wesley E. Lohec, retired effective June 2018; vice president, Health, Environment and Safety, since 2011; joined the company in 1981. Joseph M. Naylor, retired effective April 2019; vice president, Policy, Government and Public Affairs, since 2016; joined the company in 1982. Randolph S. (Randy) Richards, retired effective February 2019; vice president and treasurer since 2016; joined the company in 1979. Patricia E. Yarrington, retired effective April 2019; vice president and chief financial officer since 2009; joined the company in 1980. Executive Committee Michael K. Wirth, Pierre R. Breber, Joseph C. Geagea, James W. Johnson, Mark A. Nelson, Colin E. Parfitt, R. Hewitt Pate and Rhonda J. Morris. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XI chevron at a glance Chevron is one of the world’s leading integrated energy companies. We explore for, produce and transport crude oil and natural gas; refine, market and distribute transportation fuels and lubricants; manufacture and sell petrochemicals and additives; and develop and deploy technologies that enhance business value in every aspect of the company’s operations. Our success is driven by a dedicated, diverse and highly skilled global workforce, united by the vision, values and strategies of The Chevron Way and a commitment to deliver industry-leading results and superior stockholder value in any operating environment. Photo: The Mafumeira Sul project off the coast of Cabinda province in Angola is part of a continuing effort to grow Chevron’s production capacity in offshore Block 0 and contribute to the development of Angola’s oil and gas industry. First liquified petroleum gas export began in January 2018. Ramp-up continued at the main production facility, with total daily production in 2018 averaging 52,000 barrels of liquids (17,000 net) and 147 million cubic feet of natural gas (57 million net) exported to the Angola LNG plant. Every day, employees at Mafumeira Sul like the ones shown here are committed to protecting people and the environment. net oil-equivalent daily production1 2.9 million barrels sales and other operating revenues1 $158.9 billion Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XII We operate responsibly, applying advanced technologies, capturing new high-return opportunities, and producing returns in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. We take great pride in enabling human progress by developing the energy that improves lives and powers the world forward. net oil-equivalent proved reserves 2, 3 12.1 billion barrels 1 Year ended December 31, 2018 2 At December 31, 2018 3 For definition of “reserves,” see glossary of energy and financial terms, page 103 total assets2 $253.9 billion Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XIII chevron stock performance 31 consecutive years 2018 marked the 31st consecutive year we increased the annual per-share dividend payout Indexed dividend growth Basis 2008 = 100 $200 $100 ~6% CVX compound annual growth rate 2008 2018 Chevron S&P 500 Peer group: BP p.l.c. (ADS), ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c. (ADS), Total S.A. (ADR). Dividends include both cash and scrip share distributions for European peers. Total stockholder returns* (as of 12/31/2018) 3-year 5-year 10-year 30% 20% 10% 0% 10.8% 10% 5% 0%  7.8% 15% 10% 5% 0 1.2% Peer group: BP p.l.c. (ADS), ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c. (ADS), Total S.A. (ADR) * Annualized total stockholder return (TSR) as of 12/31/2018. Includes stock price appreciation and reinvested dividends when paid. For TSR comparison purposes, ADR/ADS prices and dividends are used for non-U.S.-based companies. Dividends include both cash and scrip share distributions. Performance graph The stock performance graph at right shows how an initial investment of $100 in Chevron stock would have compared with an equal investment in the S&P 500 Index or the Competitor Peer Group. The comparison covers a five-year period beginning December 31, 2013, and ending December 31, 2018, and for the peer group is weighted by market capitalization as of the beginning of each year. It includes the reinvestment of all dividends that an investor would have been entitled to receive and is adjusted for stock splits. The interim measurement points show the value of $100 invested on December 31, 2013, as of the end of each year between 2014 and 2018. Five-year cumulative total returns (Calendar years ended December 31) 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 $150 $106 $99 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Chevron S&P 500 Peer group: BP p.l.c. (ADS), ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell p.l.c. (ADS), Total S.A. (ADR) Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XIV financial and operating highlights Financial highlights1 Net income (loss) attributable to Chevron Corporation Sales and other operating revenues Cash provided by operating activities2 Capital and exploratory expenditures3 Total assets at year-end Total debt and capital lease obligations at year-end Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity at year-end Common shares outstanding at year-end (Thousands) Per-share data Net income (loss) attributable to Chevron Corporation — diluted Cash dividends Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity Common stock price at year-end Debt ratio Return on stockholders’ equity Return on capital employed 1 Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts 2 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to Accounting Standards Updates 2016–15 and 2016–18 3 Includes equity in affiliates $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2018 14,824 158,902 30,618 20,106 253,863 34,459 154,554 1,888,670 7.74 4.48 81.83 108.79 18.2% 9.8% 8.2% 2017 2016 $ 9,195 $ 134,674 20,338 $ 18,821 $ $ 253,806 $ 38,763 $ 148,124 1,890,534 $ $ $ $ 4.85 4.32 78.35 125.19 20.7% 6.3% 5.0% $ (497) $ 110,215 12,690 $ 22,428 $ $ 260,078 $ 46,126 $ 145,556 1,877,338 $ $ $ $ (0.27 ) 4.29 77.53 117.70 24.1% (0.3)% (0.1)% Total capital and exploratory expenditures 4 ($ - Billions) Operating expense 5 ($ - Billions) $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 ~$20 billion reduction (2014–2018) $40 $34 $22 $19 $20 $35 $30 $25 $20 $15 ~$5 billion reduction (2014–2018) $30 $27 $25 $24 $25 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 4 Includes expenditures by equity affiliates 5 Includes operating expense, selling, general and administrative expense, and other components of net periodic benefit costs Operating highlights6 Net production of crude oil, condensate, NGLs and synthetic oil7 (Thousands of barrels per day) Net production of natural gas (Millions of cubic feet per day) Total net oil-equivalent production (Thousands of oil-equivalent barrels per day) Net proved reserves of crude oil, condensate, NGLs and synthetic oil7,8 (Millions of barrels) Net proved reserves of natural gas8 (Billions of cubic feet) Net proved oil-equivalent reserves8 (Millions of barrels) Refinery input (Thousands of barrels per day) Sales of refined products (Thousands of barrels per day) Number of employees at year-end9 2018 2017 2016 1,782 6,889 2,930 6,790 31,576 12,053 1,608 2,655 45,047 1,723 6,032 2,728 6,542 30,736 11,665 1,661 2,690 48,596 1,719 5,252 2,594 6,328 28,760 11,121 1,688 2,675 51,953 6 Includes equity in affiliates, except number of employees 7 NGLs = natural gas liquids 8 At year-end 9 Excludes service station personnel Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XV strategies our strategies guide our actions to deliver industry-leading results and superior shareholder value in any business environment major business strategies enterprise strategies Upstream Deliver industry-leading returns while developing high-value resource opportunities Downstream & Chemicals Grow earnings across the value chain and make targeted investments to lead the industry in returns Midstream Deliver operational, commercial and technical expertise to enhance results in Upstream and Downstream & Chemicals People Invest in people to develop and empower a highly competent workforce that delivers results the right way Execution Deliver results through disciplined operational excellence, capital stewardship and cost efficiency Growth Grow profits and returns by using our competitive advantages Technology and functional excellence Differentiate performance through technology and functional expertise Photo: Startup of the new ethane cracker was achieved at the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC’s (CPChem) U.S. Gulf Coast Petrochemical Project in March 2018. CPChem’s strong positions in North America and the Middle East enable it to leverage the availability of competitive feedstocks to meet growing global demand. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report XVI Financial Table of Contents Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Key Financial Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Earnings by Major Operating Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Business Environment and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Note 2 Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses . . . 58 Note 3 Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Operating Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Note 4 New Accounting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Note 5 Lease Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Consolidated Statement of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Note 6 Summarized Financial Data – Chevron U.S.A. Inc. . . . . . . . . 63 Selected Operating Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Note 7 Summarized Financial Data – Tengizchevroil LLP . . . . . . . . . 63 Liquidity and Capital Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Note 8 Fair Value Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Financial Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Note 9 Financial and Derivative Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, . . . . . . . . . . Guarantees and Other Contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Note 10 Assets Held for Sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Note 11 Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Financial and Derivative Instrument Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Note 12 Earnings Per Share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Transactions With Related Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Note 13 Operating Segments and Geographic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Litigation and Other Contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Note 14 Investments and Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Environmental Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Note 15 Litigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Note 16 Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 New Accounting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Note 17 Properties, Plant and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Quarterly Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Note 18 Short-Term Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Consolidated Financial Statements Reports of Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Note 19 Long-Term Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Note 20 Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Note 21 Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation . . . . . 80 Note 22 Employee Benefit Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Note 23 Other Contingencies and Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Consolidated Statement of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Note 24 Asset Retirement Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Note 25 Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Consolidated Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Note 26 Other Financial Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Consolidated Statement of Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Five-Year Financial Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities . . . . . . . . 91 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT RELEVANT TO FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF “SAFE HARBOR” PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 This Annual Report of Chevron Corporation contains forward-looking statements relating to Chevron’s operations that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about the petroleum, chemicals and other energy-related industries. Words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “believes,” “seeks,” “schedules,” “estimates,” “positions,” “pursues,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “budgets,” “outlook,” “trends,” “guidance,” “focus,” “on schedule,” “on track,” “is slated,” “goals,” “objectives,” “strategies,” “opportunities” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the company’s control and are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. The reader should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. Unless legally required, Chevron undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are: changing crude oil and natural gas prices; changing refining, marketing and chemicals margins; the company’s ability to realize anticipated cost savings and expenditure reductions; actions of competitors or regulators; timing of exploration expenses; timing of crude oil liftings; the competitiveness of alternate-energy sources or product substitutes; technological developments; the results of operations and financial condition of the company’s suppliers, vendors, partners and equity affiliates, particularly during extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas; the inability or failure of the company’s joint-venture partners to fund their share of operations and development activities; the potential failure to achieve expected net production from existing and future crude oil and natural gas development projects; potential delays in the development, construction or start-up of planned projects; the potential disruption or interruption of the company’s operations due to war, accidents, political events, civil unrest, severe weather, cyber threats and terrorist acts, crude oil production quotas or other actions that might be imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or other natural or human causes beyond the company’s control; changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which the company operates; general domestic and international economic and political conditions; the potential liability for remedial actions or assessments under existing or future environmental regulations and litigation; significant operational, investment or product changes required by existing or future environmental statutes and regulations, including international agreements and national or regional legislation and regulatory measures to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions; the potential liability resulting from other pending or future litigation; the company’s future acquisition or disposition of assets or shares or the delay or failure of such transactions to close based on required closing conditions; the potential for gains and losses from asset dispositions or impairments; government-mandated sales, divestitures, recapitalizations, industry-specific taxes, tariffs, sanctions, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on scope of company operations; foreign currency movements compared with the U.S. dollar; material reductions in corporate liquidity and access to debt markets; the effects of changed accounting rules under generally accepted accounting principles promulgated by rule-setting bodies; the company’s ability to identify and mitigate the risks and hazards inherent in operating in the global energy industry; and the factors set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” on pages 18 through 21 of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed in this report could also have material adverse effects on forward-looking statements. 27 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 27 143262_Financials.r2.indd 27 3/18/19 6:09 PM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Key Financial Results Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation Per Share Amounts: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation – Basic – Diluted Dividends Sales and Other Operating Revenues Return on: Capital Employed Stockholders’ Equity Earnings by Major Operating Area Millions of dollars Upstream United States International Total Upstream Downstream United States International Total Downstream All Other Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation1,2 1 Includes foreign currency effects: 2 Income net of tax, also referred to as “earnings” in the discussions that follow. 2018 14,824 7.81 7.74 4.48 158,902 8.2% 9.8% 2018 3,278 10,038 13,316 2,103 1,695 3,798 (2,290) 14,824 611 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2017 9,195 $ 2016 (497) 4.88 4.85 4.32 134,674 $ $ $ $ (0.27) (0.27) 4.29 110,215 5.0% 6.3% (0.1)% (0.3)% 2017 2016 $ 3,640 4,510 8,150 2,938 2,276 5,214 (4,169) 9,195 (446) $ $ (2,054) (483) (2,537) 1,307 2,128 3,435 (1,395) (497) 58 Refer to the “Results of Operations” section beginning on page 32 for a discussion of financial results by major operating area for the three years ended December 31, 2018. Business Environment and Outlook Chevron is a global energy company with substantial business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Nigeria, the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, the Philippines, Republic of Congo, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela. Earnings of the company depend mostly on the profitability of its upstream business segment. The most significant factor affecting the results of operations for the upstream segment is the price of crude oil, which is determined in global markets outside of the company’s control. In the company’s downstream business, crude oil is the largest cost component of refined products. It is the company’s objective to deliver competitive results and stockholder value in any business environment. Periods of sustained lower prices could result in the impairment or write-off of specific assets in future periods and cause the company to adjust operating expenses and capital and exploratory expenditures, along with other measures intended to improve financial performance. The effective tax rate for the company can change substantially during periods of significant earnings volatility. This is due to the mix effects that are impacted both by the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arise in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions. As a result, a decline or increase in the effective income tax rate in one period may not be indicative of expected results in future periods. Note 16 provides the company’s effective income tax rate for the last three years. Refer to the “Cautionary Statement Relevant to Forward-Looking Information” on page 2 and to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, on pages 18 through 21 of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of some of the inherent risks that could materially impact the company’s results of operations or financial condition. The company continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not expected to provide sufficient long-term value or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company’s financial performance and value growth. Asset dispositions and restructurings may result in significant gains or losses in future periods. The company’s asset sale program for 2018 through 2020 is targeting before-tax proceeds of $5-10 billion. Proceeds related to asset sales were $2.0 billion in 2018. 28 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 28 143262_Financials.indd 28 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The company closely monitors developments in the financial and credit markets, the level of worldwide economic activity, and the implications for the company of movements in prices for crude oil and natural gas. Management takes these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning. Comments related to earnings trends for the company’s major business areas are as follows: Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry prices for crude oil and natural gas. Crude oil and natural gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry production and inventory levels, technology advancements, production quotas or other actions imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or other producers, actions of regulators, weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Any of these factors could also inhibit the company’s production capacity in an affected region. The company closely monitors developments in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and seeks to manage risks in operating its facilities and businesses. The longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is also a function of other factors, including the company’s ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts, and changes in tax and other applicable laws and regulations. The company continues to actively manage its schedule of work, contracting, procurement and supply-chain activities to effectively manage costs. However, price levels for capital and exploratory costs and operating expenses associated with the production of crude oil and natural gas can be subject to external factors beyond the company’s control including, among other things, the general level of inflation, tariffs or other taxes imposed on goods or services, commodity prices and prices charged by the industry’s material and service providers, which can be affected by the volatility of the industry’s own supply-and-demand conditions for such materials and services. Modest cost pressures continue in rig-related services across North America unconventional markets. Cost pressures have softened in well completion activity particularly in the Permian Basin, but are expected to rise when pipeline takeaway constraints are resolved in late 2019. International and offshore markets are showing indications of increased activity levels with limited cost pressures to date. Capital and exploratory expenditures and operating expenses could also be affected by damage to production facilities caused by severe weather or civil unrest, delays in construction, or other factors. WTI Crude Oil, Brent Crude Oil and Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Prices - Quarterly Average Oil $/bbl 80 Brent WTI Henry Hub 60 40 20 0 HH $/mcf 12 9 6 3 0 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 2016 2017 2018 The chart above shows the trend in benchmark prices for Brent crude oil, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and U.S. Henry Hub natural gas. The majority of the company’s equity crude production is priced based on the Brent benchmark. The Brent price averaged $71 per barrel for the full-year 2018, compared to $54 in 2017. Crude oil prices increased throughout the first three quarters of 2018 due to solid demand combined with OPEC production cuts. Late in the year, continued U.S. shale growth, combined with unexpected short-term waivers from Iranian sanctions granted to several countries, led to excess supply conditions, resulting in a decrease in oil prices. In response, OPEC agreed to new production cuts in early December. As of mid-February 2019, the Brent price was $64 per barrel. The WTI price averaged $65 per barrel for the full-year 2018, compared to $51 in 2017. WTI traded at a discount to Brent throughout 2018. Differentials to Brent have ranged between $3 to $10 in 2018 primarily due to pipeline infrastructure constraints which have restricted flows on the inland crude to export outlets on the Gulf Coast, in addition to variability in 29 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 29 143262_Financials.r2.indd 29 3/18/19 6:09 PM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations other factors impacting supply and demand of each benchmark crude. As of mid-February 2019, the WTI price was $54 per barrel. Chevron has interests in the production of heavy crude oil in California, Indonesia, the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, Venezuela and in certain fields in Angola, China and the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea. (See page 37 for the company’s average U.S. and international crude oil sales prices.) In contrast to price movements in the global market for crude oil, price changes for natural gas are more closely aligned with supply-and-demand conditions in regional markets. Fluctuations in the price of natural gas in the United States are closely associated with customer demand relative to the volumes produced and stored in North America. In the United States, prices at Henry Hub averaged $3.12 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) during 2018, compared with $2.97 during 2017. As of mid-February 2019, the Henry Hub spot price was $2.61 per MCF. Outside the United States, price changes for natural gas depend on a wide range of supply, demand and regulatory circumstances. Chevron sells natural gas into the domestic pipeline market in many locations. In some locations, Chevron has invested in long-term projects to produce and liquefy natural gas for transport by tanker to other markets. The company’s long-term contract prices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are typically linked to crude oil prices. Most of the equity LNG offtake from the operated Australian LNG projects is committed under binding long-term contracts, with the remainder to be sold in the Asian spot LNG market. The Asian spot market reflects the supply and demand for LNG in the Pacific Basin and is not directly linked to crude oil prices. International natural gas realizations averaged $6.29 per MCF during 2018, compared with $4.62 per MCF during 2017. (See page 37 for the company’s average natural gas realizations for the U.S. and international regions.) The company’s worldwide net oil-equivalent production in 2018 averaged 2.930 million barrels per day. About one-sixth of the company’s net oil-equivalent production in 2018 occurred in the OPEC-member countries of Angola, Nigeria, Republic of Congo and Venezuela. OPEC quotas had no effect on the company’s net crude oil production in 2018 or 2017. The company estimates that net oil-equivalent production in 2019 will grow 4 to 7 percent compared to 2018, assuming a Brent crude oil price of $60 per barrel and excluding the impact of anticipated 2019 asset sales. This estimate is subject to many factors and uncertainties, including quotas or other actions that may be imposed by OPEC; price effects on entitlement volumes; changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations; delays in construction; reservoir performance; greater-than-expected declines in production from mature fields; start-up or ramp-up of projects; fluctuations in demand for natural gas in various markets; weather conditions that may shut in production; civil unrest; changing geopolitics; delays in completion of maintenance turnarounds; or other disruptions to operations. The outlook for future production levels is also affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. The company has increased its investment emphasis on short-cycle 10K page 33 projects. Net liquids production* Thousands of barrels per day Net natural gas production* Millions of cubic feet per day Net proved reserves Billions of BOE Net proved reserves liquids & natural gas Billions of BOE 6,889 2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 1,782 6800 5100 3400 1700 0 12.1 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 12.1 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 United States International United States International * Includes equity in affiliates. * Includes equity in affiliates. Affiliates Europe Australia/Oceania Asia Africa Other Americas United States Natural gas Liquids 10K charts_2018_022619_v1.indd 1 30 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 30 2/26/2019 11:08:12 AM 143262_Financials.indd 30 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations In the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, production was shut-in beginning in May 2015 as a result of difficulties in securing work and equipment permits. Net oil-equivalent production in the Partitioned Zone in 2014 was 81,000 barrels per day. During 2015, net oil-equivalent production averaged 28,000 barrels per day. As of early 2019, production remains shut in and the exact timing of a production restart is uncertain and dependent on dispute resolution between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The financial effects from the loss of production in 2018 were not significant and are not expected to be significant in 2019. Chevron has interests in Venezuelan crude oil production assets operated by independent equity affiliates. During 2018, net oil equivalent production in Venezuela averaged 44,000 barrels per day. The operating environment in Venezuela has been deteriorating for some time. In January 2019, the United States government issued sanctions against the Venezuelan national oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA), which is the company’s partner in the equity affiliates. The equity affiliates continue to operate, and the company is conducting its business pursuant to general licenses issued coincident with the new sanctions. Future events could result in the environment in Venezuela becoming more challenged, which could lead to increased business disruption and volatility in the associated financial results. Net proved reserves for consolidated companies and affiliated companies totaled 12.1 billion barrels of oil-equivalent at year-end 2018, an increase of 3 percent from year-end 2017. The reserve replacement ratio in 2018 was 136 percent. Refer to Table V beginning on page 95 for a tabulation of the company’s proved net oil and gas reserves by geographic area, at the beginning of 2016 and each year-end from 2016 through 2018, and an accompanying discussion of major changes to proved reserves by geographic area for the three-year period ending December 31, 2018. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section on pages 32 through 34 for additional discussion of the company’s upstream business. Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining, manufacturing and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil, fuel and lubricant additives, and petrochemicals. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and petrochemicals, and by changes in the price of crude oil, other refinery and petrochemical feedstocks, and natural gas. Industry margins can also be influenced by inventory levels, geopolitical events, costs of materials and services, refinery or chemical plant capacity utilization, maintenance programs, and disruptions at refineries or chemical plants resulting from unplanned outages due to severe weather, fires or other operational events. Other factors affecting profitability for downstream operations include the reliability and efficiency of the company’s refining, marketing and petrochemical assets, the effectiveness of its crude oil and product supply functions, and the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the company’s shipping operations, which are driven by the industry’s demand for crude oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the company’s control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the company’s refining, marketing and petrochemical assets and changes in tax laws and regulations. The company’s most significant marketing areas are the West Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States and Asia. Chevron operates or has significant ownership interests in refineries in each of these areas. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section on pages 32 through 34 for additional discussion of the company’s downstream operations. All Other consists of worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies. Operating Developments Key operating developments and other events during 2018 and early 2019 included the following: Upstream Australia Achieved start-up of Train 2 at the Wheatstone LNG Project. United States Produced first oil from the Big Foot Project in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Downstream South Africa and Botswana Completed the sale of refining, marketing and lubricant assets. United States Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem), the company’s 50 percent-owned affiliate, commenced operations of a new ethane cracker at its Cedar Bayou facility in Baytown, Texas. 31 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 31 143262_Financials.indd 31 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations United States In January 2019, Chevron announced it has signed an agreement to acquire a 110,000 barrels per day refinery located in Pasadena, Texas. The transaction is expected to close later in the first-half of 2019, subject to regulatory approvals. Other Common Stock Dividends The 2018 annual dividend was $4.48 per share, making 2018 the 31st consecutive year that the company increased its annual per share dividend payout. In January 2019, the company’s Board of Directors approved a $0.07 per share increase in the quarterly dividend to $1.19 per share, payable in March 2019, representing an increase of 6 percent. Common Stock Repurchase Program The company purchased $1.75 billion of its common stock in 2018 under its stock repurchase program. Results of Operations The following section presents the results of operations and variances on an after-tax basis for the company’s business segments – Upstream and Downstream – as well as for “All Other.” Earnings are also presented for the U.S. and international geographic areas of the Upstream and Downstream business segments. Refer to Note 13, beginning on page 66, for a discussion of the company’s “reportable segments.” This section should also be read in conjunction with the discussion in “Business Environment and Outlook” on pages 28 through 31. 10K page 34 Worldwide Upstream earnings Billions of dollars Exploration expenses Billions of dollars (before-tax) Worldwide Downstream earnings Billions of dollars Worldwide refined product sales Thousands of barrels per day $13.3 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0.0 (4.0) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 $1.2 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 $3.8 3000 2250 1500 750 0 2,655 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 United States International United States International United States International U.S. Upstream Millions of dollars Earnings 10K charts_2018_022619_v1.indd 2 Other Fuel oil Jet fuel Diesel/Gas oil Gasoline 2018 2017 2016 $ 3,278 $ 3,640 2/26/2019 11:08:12 AM (2,054) $ U.S. upstream earnings were $3.28 billion in 2018, compared with $3.64 billion in 2017. The decrease in earnings was primarily due to the absence of the 2017 benefit from U.S. tax reform of $3.33 billion, higher other tax items of $160 million and higher exploration expense of $350 million, partially offset by higher crude oil realizations of $2.45 billion and higher crude oil production of $1.12 billion. U.S. upstream earnings were $3.64 billion in 2017, compared with a loss of $2.05 billion from 2016. The improvement in earnings reflected a benefit of $3.33 billion from U.S. tax reform, higher crude oil and natural gas realizations of $1.3 billion and lower depreciation expenses of $650 million, primarily reflecting a decrease in impairments and other asset write-offs. Lower operating expenses of $140 million also contributed to the improvement. The company’s average realization for U.S. crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2018 was $58.17 per barrel, compared with $44.53 in 2017 and $35.00 in 2016. The average natural gas realization was $1.86 per thousand cubic feet in 2018, compared with $2.10 in 2017 and $1.59 in 2016. Net oil-equivalent production in 2018 averaged 791,000 barrels per day, up 16 percent from 2017 and up 14 percent from 2016. Between 2018 and 2017, production increases from shale and tight properties in the Permian Basin in Texas and New 32 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 32 143262_Financials.indd 32 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Mexico and base business in the Gulf of Mexico were partially offset by the effect of asset sales of 35,000 barrels per day. Between 2017 and 2016, production increases from shale and tight properties in the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico and base business in the Gulf of Mexico were more than offset by the effect of asset sales of 59,000 barrels per day and normal field declines. The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production for 2018 averaged 618,000 barrels per day, up 19 percent from 2017 and up 23 percent from 2016. Net natural gas production averaged 1.03 billion cubic feet per day in 2018, up 7 percent from 2017 and down 8 percent from 2016. Refer to the “Selected Operating Data” table on page 37 for a three-year comparison of production volumes in the United States. International Upstream Millions of dollars Earnings* *Includes foreign currency effects: 2018 10,038 545 $ $ $ $ 2017 4,510 $ (456) $ 2016 (483) 122 International upstream earnings were $10.04 billion in 2018, compared with $4.51 billion in 2017. The increase in earnings was primarily due to higher crude oil and natural gas realizations of $3.38 billion and $1.38 billion, respectively, higher natural gas sales volumes of $1.67 billion, partially offset by lower gains on asset sales of $640 million, higher depreciation, operating and tax expenses of $470 million, $460 million and $230 million, respectively. Foreign currency effects had a favorable impact on earnings of $1.00 billion between periods. International upstream earnings were $4.51 billion in 2017, compared with a loss of $483 million in 2016. The increase in earnings was primarily due to higher crude oil realizations of $2.59 billion, higher natural gas sales volumes of $1.22 billion, higher gains on asset sales of $750 million, and lower operating expenses of $410 million. Foreign currency effects had an unfavorable impact on earnings of $578 million between periods. The company’s average realization for international crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2018 was $64.25 per barrel, compared with $49.46 in 2017 and $38.61 in 2016. The average natural gas realization was $6.29 per thousand cubic feet in 2018, compared with $4.62 and $4.02 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. International net oil-equivalent production was 2.14 million barrels per day in 2018, up 4 percent from 2017 and up 12 percent from 2016. Between 2018 and 2017, production increases from major capital projects, primarily Wheatstone and Gorgon in Australia, were partially offset by normal field declines, production entitlement effects and the impact of asset sales of 14,000 barrels per day. Between 2017 and 2016, production increases from major capital projects and lower planned maintenance-related downtime were partially offset by production entitlement effects in several locations and normal field declines. The net liquids component of international oil-equivalent production was 1.16 million barrels per day in 2018, down 3 percent from 2017 and down 4 percent from 2016. International net natural gas production of 5.86 billion cubic feet per day in 2018 was up 16 percent from 2017 and up 42 percent from 2016. Refer to the “Selected Operating Data” table, on page 37, for a three-year comparison of international production volumes. U.S. Downstream Millions of dollars Earnings 2018 2017 $ 2,103 $ 2,938 $ 2016 1,307 U.S. downstream operations earned $2.10 billion in 2018, compared with $2.94 billion in 2017. The decrease was mainly due to the absence of the 2017 benefit from U.S. tax reform of $1.16 billion and higher operating expenses of $420 million, primarily due to planned refinery turnaround activity. Partially offsetting these were higher margins on refined product sales of $380 million and higher equity earnings from the 50 percent-owned CPChem of $320 million, primarily reflecting the absence of impacts from Hurricane Harvey. U.S. downstream operations earned $2.94 billion in 2017, compared with $1.31 billion in 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $1.16 billion benefit from U.S. tax reform, higher margins on refined product sales of $380 million, lower operating expenses of $160 million, and the absence of an asset impairment of $110 million. Partially offsetting this increase were lower gains on asset sales of $90 million and lower earnings from the 50 percent-owned CPChem of $70 million, primarily reflecting the impacts from Hurricane Harvey. 33 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 33 143262_Financials.indd 33 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Total refined product sales of 1.22 million barrels per day in 2018 were up 2 percent from 2017. Sales were 1.20 million barrels per day in 2017, a decrease of 1 percent from 2016, primarily due to the divestment of Hawaii refining and marketing assets in fourth quarter 2016. Refer to the “Selected Operating Data” table on page 37 for a three-year comparison of sales volumes of gasoline and other refined products and refinery input volumes. International Downstream Millions of dollars Earnings* *Includes foreign currency effects: 2018 1,695 71 $ $ $ $ 2017 2,276 $ 2016 2,128 (90) $ (25) International downstream earned $1.70 billion in 2018, compared with $2.28 billion in 2017. The decrease in earnings was largely due to lower margins on refined product sales of $590 million and lower gains on asset sales of $470 million, partially offset by lower operating expenses of $290 million. The sale of the company’s Canadian refining and marketing business in third quarter 2017 and the sale of the southern Africa refining and marketing business in third quarter 2018 primarily contributed to the lower margins and operating expenses. Foreign currency effects had a favorable impact on earnings of $161 million between periods. International downstream earned $2.28 billion in 2017, compared with $2.13 billion in 2016. The increase in earnings was primarily due to higher gains on asset sales of $360 million, partially offset by higher operating expenses of $140 million. Foreign currency effects had an unfavorable impact on earnings of $65 million between periods. Total refined product sales of 1.44 million barrels per day in 2018 were down 4 percent from 2017, primarily due to the sales of the company’s Canadian refining and marketing assets in third quarter 2017 and southern Africa refining and marketing business in third quarter 2018. Sales of 1.49 million barrels per day in 2017 were up 2 percent from 2016, primarily due to higher diesel and jet fuel sales. Refer to the “Selected Operating Data” table on page 37, for a three-year comparison of sales volumes of gasoline and other refined products and refinery input volumes. All Other Millions of dollars Net charges* *Includes foreign currency effects: 2018 (2,290) (5) $ $ $ $ 2017 2016 (4,169) $ (1,395) 100 $ (39) All Other consists of worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, and technology companies. Net charges in 2018 decreased $1.88 billion from 2017. The change between periods was mainly due to absence of a prior year tax charge of $2.47 billion related to U.S. tax reform, lower employee expenses and the absence of a reclamation related charge for a former mining asset, partially offset by other unfavorable tax items and higher interest expense. Foreign currency effects increased net charges by $105 million between periods. Net charges in 2017 increased $2.77 billion from 2016, mainly due to higher tax items, primarily reflecting a $2.47 billion expense from U.S. tax reform, higher interest expense and a reclamation related charge for a former mining asset, partially offset by lower employee expense. Foreign currency effects decreased net charges by $139 million between periods. Consolidated Statement of Income Comparative amounts for certain income statement categories are shown below: Millions of dollars Sales and other operating revenues 2018 2017 2016 $ 158,902 $ 134,674 $ 110,215 Sales and other operating revenues increased in 2018 mainly due to higher crude oil, refined product and natural gas prices. The increase between 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to higher refined product and crude oil prices, higher crude oil volumes, and higher natural gas volumes. Beginning in 2018, excise, value-added and similar taxes collected on behalf of third parties were no longer included in “Sales and other operating revenue”, but were netted in “Taxes other than on income” in accordance with ASU 2014-09. 2017 and 2016 include $7.19 billion and $6.91 billion, respectively, in taxes collected on behalf of third parties. 34 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 34 143262_Financials.indd 34 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Millions of dollars Income from equity affiliates 2018 6,327 $ 2017 $ 4,438 $ 2016 2,661 Income from equity affiliates increased in 2018 from 2017 mainly due to higher upstream-related earnings from Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan, Petroboscan and Petropiar in Venezuela, and higher downstream-related earnings from CPChem. Income from equity affiliates increased in 2017 from 2016 mainly due to higher upstream-related earnings from Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan and Angola LNG. Refer to Note 14, beginning on page 69, for a discussion of Chevron’s investments in affiliated companies. Millions of dollars Other income 2018 1,110 $ 2017 $ 2,610 $ 2016 1,596 Other income of $1.1 billion in 2018 included net gains from asset sales of $713 million before-tax. Other income in 2017 and 2016 included net gains from asset sales of $2.2 billion and $1.1 billion before-tax, respectively. Interest income was approximately $192 million in 2018, $107 million in 2017 and $145 million in 2016. Foreign currency effects decreased other income by $123 million in 2018, $131 million in 2017, and $186 million in 2016. Millions of dollars Purchased crude oil and products 2018 2017 2016 $ 94,578 $ 75,765 $ 59,321 Crude oil and product purchases increased $18.8 billion in 2018, primarily due to higher crude oil and refined product prices, partially offset by lower crude oil volumes. Purchases increased $16.4 billion in 2017, primarily due to higher crude oil and refined product prices, and higher refined product and crude oil volumes. Millions of dollars Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses 2018 2017 2016 $ 24,382 $ 23,237 $ 24,207 Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.1 billion between 2018 and 2017. The increase included higher services and fees of $450 million, a receivable write-down for $270 million, higher transportation expenses of $200 million, and a contractual settlement for $180 million. Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $1.0 billion between 2017 and 2016. The decrease included lower employee expenses of $690 million and non-operated joint venture expenses of $380 million. Millions of dollars Exploration expense 2018 2017 $ 1,210 $ 864 $ 2016 1,033 Exploration expenses in 2018 increased from 2017 primarily due to higher charges for well write-offs, partially offset by lower geological and geophysical expenses. Exploration expenses in 2017 decreased from 2016 primarily due to lower charges for well write-offs. Millions of dollars Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2018 2017 2016 $ 19,419 $ 19,349 $ 19,457 Depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses increased in 2018 from 2017 mainly due to higher production levels for certain oil and gas producing fields, partially offset by lower depreciation rates for certain oil and gas producing fields, and lower impairment charges. The decrease in 2017 from 2016 was primarily due to lower impairments and lower depreciation rates for certain oil and gas producing properties, and the absence of a 2016 impairment of a downstream asset. Partially offsetting the decrease were higher production levels, accretion and write-offs for certain oil and gas producing fields, and a reclamation related charge for a former mining asset. Millions of dollars Taxes other than on income 2018 2017 2016 $ 4,867 $ 12,331 $ 11,668 Beginning in 2018, excise, value-added and similar taxes collected on behalf of third parties were netted in “Taxes other than on income” and were no longer included in “Sales and other operating revenues,” in accordance with ASU 2014-09. 2017 and 2016 include $7.19 billion and $6.91 billion, respectively, in taxes collected on behalf of third parties. The further decrease in 2018 from 2017 was mainly due to lower local and municipal taxes and licenses, partially offset by higher duties reflecting 35 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 35 143262_Financials.indd 35 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations increased production. Taxes other than on income increased in 2017 from 2016 primarily due to higher duties, higher crude oil, refined product and natural gas sales, and higher production. Millions of dollars Interest and debt expense 2018 2017 $ 748 $ 307 $ 2016 201 Interest and debt expenses increased in 2018 from 2017 mainly due to a decrease in the amount of interest capitalized. Interest and debt expenses increased in 2017 from 2016 due to higher interest costs on long-term debt, partially offset by an increase in the amount of interest capitalized. Millions of dollars Other components of net periodic benefit costs 2018 2017 $ 560 $ 648 $ 2016 745 Other components of net periodic benefit costs decreased in 2018 from 2017 primarily due to a higher asset base for expected returns and a decrease in recognized actuarial losses arising during the period. The decrease in 2017 from 2016 was mainly due to lower interest costs, lower settlement costs, and a decrease in amortization of prior service costs, partially offset by an increase in plan asset values. This line was added to the Consolidated Statement of Income in accordance with the adoption of ASU 2017-07. Millions of dollars Income tax expense (benefit) 2018 2017 2016 $ 5,715 $ (48) $ (1,729) The increase in income tax expense in 2018 of $5.76 billion is due to the increase in total income before tax for the company of $11.35 billion and the absence of the remeasurement benefits from U.S. tax reform recognized in 2017. U.S. income before tax increased from a loss of $441 million in 2017 to a profit of $4.73 billion in 2018. This increase in earnings before tax was primarily driven by the effect of higher crude oil prices. The U.S. tax charge increased by $3.69 billion between year-over-year periods from a $2.97 billion benefit in 2017 to a $724 million charge in 2018. 2017 included a $2.02 billion benefit from U.S. tax reform, which primarily reflected the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities. International income before tax increased from $9.66 billion in 2017 to $15.84 billion in 2018. This $6.18 billion increase was primarily driven by the effect of higher crude oil prices. The higher crude prices primarily drove the $2.06 billion increase in international income tax expense between year-over-year periods, from $2.93 billion in 2017 to $4.99 billion in 2018. The decline in income tax benefit in 2017 of $1.68 billion is due to the increase in total income before tax for the company of $11.38 billion and the remeasurement impacts of U.S. tax reform. U.S. losses before tax decreased from a loss of $4.32 billion in 2016 to a loss of $441 million in 2017. This decrease in losses before tax was primarily driven by the effect of higher crude oil prices. The U.S. tax benefit increased by $650 million between year-over-year periods from $2.32 billion in 2016 to $2.97 billion in 2017. The U.S. tax benefit for 2017 included a $2.02 billion benefit from U.S. tax reform, which primarily reflected the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, and a reduction of $1.37 billion as result of the impact of a decrease in losses before tax of $3.88 billion. International income before tax increased from $2.16 billion in 2016 to $9.66 billion in 2017. This $7.50 billion increase was primarily driven by the effect of higher crude oil prices and gains on asset sales primarily in Indonesia and Canada. The higher crude prices primarily drove the $2.34 billion increase in international income tax expense between year-over-year periods, from $588 million in 2016 to $2.93 billion in 2017. Refer also to the discussion of the effective income tax rate in Note 16 on page 74. 36 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 36 143262_Financials.indd 36 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Selected Operating Data1,2 U.S. Upstream Net Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production (MBPD) Net Natural Gas Production (MMCFPD)3 Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD) Sales of Natural Gas (MMCFPD) Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD) Revenues from Net Production Liquids ($/Bbl) Natural Gas ($/MCF) International Upstream Net Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production (MBPD)4 Net Natural Gas Production (MMCFPD)3 Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD)4 Sales of Natural Gas (MMCFPD) Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD) Revenues from Liftings Liquids ($/Bbl) Natural Gas ($/MCF) Worldwide Upstream Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD)4 United States International Total U.S. Downstream Gasoline Sales (MBPD)5 Other Refined Product Sales (MBPD) Total Refined Product Sales (MBPD) Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD) Refinery Input (MBPD)6 International Downstream Gasoline Sales (MBPD)5 Other Refined Product Sales (MBPD) Total Refined Product Sales (MBPD)7 Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD) Refinery Input (MBPD)8 1 Includes company share of equity affiliates. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2018 618 1,034 791 3,481 110 58.17 1.86 1,164 5,855 2,139 5,604 34 64.25 6.29 791 2,139 2,930 627 591 1,218 74 905 336 1,101 1,437 62 706 2017 2016 519 970 681 3,331 30 44.53 2.10 $ $ 1,204 5,062 2,047 5,081 29 49.46 4.62 $ $ 681 2,047 2,728 625 572 1,197 109 901 365 1,128 1,493 64 760 504 1,120 691 3,317 30 35.00 1.59 1,215 4,132 1,903 4,491 24 38.61 4.02 691 1,903 2,594 631 582 1,213 115 900 382 1,080 1,462 61 788 2 MBPD – thousands of barrels per day; MMCFPD – millions of cubic feet per day; MBOEPD – thousands of barrels of oil-equivalents per day; Bbl – barrel; MCF – 3 4 5 6 7 8 thousands of cubic feet. Oil-equivalent gas (OEG) conversion ratio is 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas = 1 barrel of crude oil. Includes natural gas consumed in operations (MMCFPD): United States International Includes net production of synthetic oil: Canada Venezuela affiliate 35 584 53 24 37 528 51 28 54 432 50 28 Includes branded and unbranded gasoline. In November 2016, the company sold its interests in the Hawaii Refinery, which included operable capacity of 54,000 barrels per day. 377 Includes sales of affiliates (MBPD): In September 2018, the company sold its interest in the Cape Town Refinery in Cape Town, South Africa, which had an operable capacity of 110,000 barrels per day. In September 2017, the company sold the Burnaby Refinery in British Columbia, Canada, which had operable capacity of 55,000 barrels per day. 373 366 37 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 37 143262_Financials.indd 37 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Liquidity and Capital Resources 10k 40 Sources and uses of cash Sources and uses of cash* Billions of dollars $48.3 $45.0 $35.9 $37.8 $28.2 $24.2 $26.5 $29.0 $34.2 $28.6 55.0 44.0 33.0 22.0 11.0 0.0 Sources Uses 2014 Sources Uses 2015 Sources Uses 2016 Sources Uses 2017 Sources Uses 2018 Sources of cash: Other Asset sales Net debt issuance Cash flow from operations Uses of cash: Other Net debt repayment Share repurchases Dividends Capital expenditures * Includes cash and cash equivalents, time deposits and marketable securities. 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to Accounting Standards Update 2016-15 and 2016-18. The strength of the company’s balance sheet enabled it to fund any timing differences throughout the year between cash inflows and outflows. 10K charts_2018_022619_v1.indd 3 Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Time Deposits Total balances were $10.3 billion and $4.8 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities in 2018 was $30.6 billion, compared with $20.3 billion in 2017 and $12.7 billion in 2016, reflecting higher crude oil prices and increased production. Cash provided by operating activities was net of contributions to employee pension plans of approximately $1.0 billion in 2018, $1.0 billion in 2017 and $0.9 billion in 2016. Cash provided by investing activities included proceeds and deposits related to asset sales of $2.0 billion in 2018, $4.9 billion in 2017 and $3.2 billion in 2016. 2/26/2019 11:08:12 AM Restricted cash of $1.1 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, was held in cash and short-term marketable securities and recorded as “Deferred charges and other assets” and “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on tax the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These amounts are generally associated with upstream abandonment activities, payments, funds held in escrow for tax-deferred exchanges and refundable deposits related to pending asset sales. Dividends Dividends paid to common stockholders were $8.5 billion in 2018, $8.1 billion in 2017 and $8.0 billion in 2016. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations Total debt and capital lease obligations were $34.5 billion at December 31, 2018, down from $38.8 billion at year-end 2017. The $4.3 billion decrease in total debt and capital lease obligations during 2018 was primarily due to the repayment of long- term notes totaling $6.7 billion as they matured during 2018, partly offset by an increase in commercial paper. The company’s debt and capital lease obligations due within one year, consisting primarily of commercial paper, redeemable long-term obligations and the current portion of long-term debt, totaled $15.6 billion at December 31, 2018, compared with $15.2 billion at year-end 2017. Of these amounts, $9.9 billion and $10.0 billion were reclassified to long-term debt at the end of 2018 and 2017, respectively. At year-end 2018, settlement of these obligations was not expected to require the use of working capital in 2019, as the company had the intent and the ability, as evidenced by committed credit facilities, to refinance them on a long-term basis. Chevron has an automatic shelf registration statement that expires in May 2021 for an unspecified amount of nonconvertible debt securities issued or guaranteed by the company. 38 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 38 143262_Financials.indd 38 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 10K page 41 Cash provided by operating activities Billions of dollars Total debt at year-end Billions of dollars Capital & exploratory expenditures* Billions of dollars Ratio of total debt to total debt-plus-Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity Percent 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 $30.6 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 $34.5 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 $20.1 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 18.2% 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 All Other Downstream Upstream * Includes equity in affiliates. The major debt rating agencies routinely evaluate the company’s debt, and the company’s cost of borrowing can increase or decrease depending on these debt ratings. The company has outstanding public bonds issued by Chevron Corporation and Texaco Capital Inc. All of these securities are the obligations of, or guaranteed by, Chevron Corporation and are rated AA by Standard and Poor’s Corporation and Aa2 by Moody’s Investors Service. The company’s U.S. commercial paper is rated A-1+ by Standard and Poor’s and P-1 by Moody’s. All of these ratings denote high-quality, investment-grade securities. 10K charts_2018_022619_v1.indd 1 2/26/2019 11:08:12 AM The company’s future debt level is dependent primarily on results of operations, cash that may be generated from asset dispositions, the capital program and shareholder distributions. Based on its high-quality debt ratings, the company believes that it has substantial borrowing capacity to meet unanticipated cash requirements. During extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas and narrow margins for refined products and commodity chemicals, the company can also modify capital spending plans and discontinue or curtail the stock repurchase program to provide flexibility to continue paying the common stock dividend and also remain committed to retaining the company’s high-quality debt ratings. Committed Credit Facilities Information related to committed credit facilities is included in Note 18, Short-Term Debt, on page 77. Common Stock Repurchase Program In July 2010, the Board of Directors approved an ongoing stock repurchase program with no set term or monetary limits. From the inception of the program through the end of 2018, the company purchased 195.8 million shares for $21.75 billion, including 14.9 million shares for $1.75 billion in the second half 2018. On February 1, 2019, the company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program with a maximum dollar limit of $25 billion and no set term limits. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, by block purchases, in privately negotiated transactions or in such other manner as determined by the company. The timing of the repurchases and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of the company’s shares, general market and economic conditions, and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be suspended or discontinued at any time. Capital and Exploratory Expenditures Capital and exploratory expenditures by business segment for 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows: Millions of dollars Upstream Downstream All Other Total Total, Excluding Equity in Affiliates 2018 Total Int’l. $ 10,529 611 13 $17,657 2,193 256 U.S. 7,128 1,582 243 8,953 $ 11,153 $20,106 8,651 $ 5,739 $14,390 $ $ $ 2017 Total Int’l. $ 11,243 534 4 $16,388 2,190 243 U.S. 5,145 1,656 239 7,040 $ 11,781 $18,821 6,295 $ 7,783 $14,078 $ $ $ 2016 Total Int’l. $ 15,403 527 5 $ 20,116 2,072 240 U.S. 4,713 1,545 235 6,493 $ 15,935 $ 22,428 5,456 $ 13,202 $ 18,658 $ $ $ 39 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 39 143262_Financials.indd 39 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations including $5.7 billion for the company’s share of equity-affiliate Total expenditures for 2018 were $20.1 billion, expenditures, which did not require cash outlays by the company. In 2017 and 2016, expenditures were $18.8 billion and $22.4 billion, respectively, including the company’s share of affiliates’ expenditures of $4.7 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively. Of the $20.1 billion of expenditures in 2018, 88 percent, or $17.7 billion, related to upstream activities. Approximately 87 percent was expended for upstream operations in 2017 and 90 percent in 2016. International upstream accounted for 60 percent of the worldwide upstream investment in 2018, 69 percent in 2017 and 77 percent in 2016. The company estimates that 2019 capital and exploratory expenditures will be $20 billion, including $6.3 billion of spending by affiliates. This is in line with 2018 expenditures, and reflects a robust portfolio of upstream and downstream investments, highlighted by the company’s Permian Basin position, and additional shale and tight development in other basins. Approximately 87 percent of the total, or $17.3 billion, is budgeted for exploration and production activities. Approximately $10.4 billion of planned upstream capital spending relates to base producing assets, including $3.6 billion for the Permian and $1.6 billion for other shale and tight rock investments. Approximately $5.1 billion of the upstream program is planned for major capital projects underway, including $4.3 billion associated with the Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project at the Tengiz field in Kazakhstan. Global exploration funding is expected to be about $1.3 billion. Remaining upstream spend is budgeted for early stage projects supporting potential future developments. The company will continue to monitor crude oil market conditions and expects to further restrict capital outlays should oil price conditions deteriorate. Worldwide downstream spending in 2019 is estimated to be $2.5 billion, with $1.5 billion estimated for projects in the United States. Investments in technology businesses and other corporate operations in 2019 are budgeted at $0.2 billion. Noncontrolling Interests The company had noncontrolling interests of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018 and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2017. Distributions to noncontrolling interests totaled $91 million and $78 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. Pension Obligations Information related to pension plan contributions is included beginning on page 81 in Note 22, Employee Benefit Plans, under the heading “Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments.” Financial Ratios Current Ratio Interest Coverage Ratio Debt Ratio 2018 1.3 23.4 18.2 % At December 31 2017 2016 1.0 10.7 20.7 % 24.1 % 0.9 (2.6) Current Ratio Current assets divided by current liabilities, which indicates the company’s ability to repay its short-term liabilities with short-term assets. The current ratio in all periods was adversely affected by the fact that Chevron’s inventories are valued on a last-in, first-out basis. At year-end 2018, the book value of inventory was lower than replacement costs, based on average acquisition costs during the year, by approximately $5.1 billion. Interest Coverage Ratio Income before income tax expense, plus interest and debt expense and amortization of capitalized interest, less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, divided by before-tax interest costs. This ratio indicates the company’s ability to pay interest on outstanding debt. The company’s interest coverage ratio in 2018 was higher than 2017 and 2016 due to higher income. Debt Ratio Total debt as a percentage of total debt plus Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity, which indicates the company’s leverage. The company’s debt ratio was 18.2 percent at year-end 2018, compared with 20.7 percent and 24.1 percent at year-end 2017 and 2016, respectively. Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, Guarantees and Other Contingencies Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements Information related to these matters is included on page 86 in Note 23, Other Contingencies and Commitments. 40 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 40 143262_Financials.indd 40 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following table summarizes the company’s significant contractual obligations: Millions of dollars On Balance Sheet:2 Short-Term Debt3 Long-Term Debt3, 4 Noncancelable Capital Lease Obligations Interest Off Balance Sheet: Noncancelable Operating Lease Obligations Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements5 Other Unconditional Purchase Obligations5 Total1 2019 2020-2021 2022-2023 After 2023 Payments Due by Period $ 5,727 28,630 233 4,736 2,159 7,797 2,526 $ 5,727 $ — $ — $ — — 30 801 540 773 565 17,226 39 1,278 870 1,523 963 7,053 32 936 408 1,208 569 4,351 132 1,721 341 4,293 429 1 Excludes contributions for pensions and other postretirement benefit plans. Information on employee benefit plans is contained in Note 22 beginning on page 81. 2 Does not include amounts related to the company’s income tax liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions. The company is unable to make reasonable estimates of the periods in which such liabilities may become payable. The company does not expect settlement of such liabilities to have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity in any single period. $9.9 billion of short-term debt that the company expects to refinance is included in long-term debt. The repayment schedule above reflects the projected repayment of the entire amounts in the 2020–2021 period. The amounts represent only the principal balance. 3 4 Excludes capital lease obligations. 5 Does not include commodity purchase obligations that are not fixed or determinable. These obligations are generally monetized in a relatively short period of time through sales transactions or similar agreements with third parties. Examples include obligations to purchase LNG, regasified natural gas and refinery products at indexed prices. As part of the implementation of ASU 2016-02 (Leases) effective January 1, 2019, the company will reclassify some contracts, currently incorporated into the unconditional purchase obligations disclosure, as operating leases in first quarter 2019 results. Direct Guarantees Millions of dollars Total 2019 2020-2021 2022-2023 After 2023 Commitment Expiration by Period Guarantee of nonconsolidated affiliate or joint-venture obligations $ 968 $ 264 $ 489 $ 77 $ 138 Additional information related to guarantees is included on page 86 in Note 23, Other Contingencies and Commitments. Indemnifications Information related to indemnifications is included on page 86 in Note 23, Other Contingencies and Commitments. Financial and Derivative Instrument Market Risk The market risk associated with the company’s portfolio of financial and derivative instruments is discussed below. The estimates of financial exposure to market risk do not represent the company’s projection of future market changes. The actual impact of future market changes could differ materially due to factors discussed elsewhere in this report, including those set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Derivative Commodity Instruments Chevron is exposed to market risks related to the price volatility of crude oil, refined products, natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas and refinery feedstocks. The company uses derivative commodity instruments to manage these exposures on a portion of its activity, including firm commitments and anticipated transactions for the purchase, sale and storage of crude oil, refined products, natural gas, natural gas liquids and feedstock for company refineries. The company also uses derivative commodity instruments for limited trading purposes. The results of these activities were not material to the company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in 2018. The company’s market exposure positions are monitored on a daily basis by an internal Risk Control group in accordance with the company’s risk management policies. The company’s risk management practices and its compliance with policies are reviewed by the Audit Committee of the company’s Board of Directors. Derivatives beyond those designated as normal purchase and normal sale contracts are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. Fair values are derived principally from published market quotes and other independent third-party quotes. The change in fair value of Chevron’s derivative commodity instruments in 2018 was not material to the company’s results of operations. The company uses the Monte Carlo simulation method as its Value-at-Risk (VaR) model to estimate the maximum potential loss in fair value, at the 95% confidence level with a one-day holding period, from the effect of adverse changes in market 41 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 41 143262_Financials.indd 41 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations conditions on derivative commodity instruments held or issued. Based on these inputs, the VaR for the company’s primary risk exposures in the area of derivative commodity instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was not material to the company’s cash flows or results of operations. Foreign Currency The company may enter into foreign currency derivative contracts to manage some of its foreign currency exposures. These exposures include revenue and anticipated purchase transactions, including foreign currency capital expenditures and lease commitments. The foreign currency derivative contracts, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. There were no open foreign currency derivative contracts at December 31, 2018. Interest Rates The company may enter into interest rate swaps from time to time as part of its overall strategy to manage the interest rate risk on its debt. Interest rate swaps, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. At year-end 2018, the company had no interest rate swaps. Transactions With Related Parties Chevron enters into a number of business arrangements with related parties, principally its equity affiliates. These arrangements include long-term supply or offtake agreements and long-term purchase agreements. Refer to “Other Information” on page 70, in Note 14, Investments and Advances, for further discussion. Management believes these agreements have been negotiated on terms consistent with those that would have been negotiated with an unrelated party. Litigation and Other Contingencies MTBE Information related to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) matters is included on page 70 in Note 15 under the heading “MTBE.” Ecuador Information related to Ecuador matters is included in Note 15 under the heading “Ecuador,” beginning on page 70. Environmental The following table displays the annual changes to the company’s before-tax environmental remediation reserves, including those for federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws. Millions of dollars Balance at January 1 Net Additions Expenditures Balance at December 31 2018 1,429 197 (299) $ 2017 1,467 323 (361) $ 2016 1,578 260 (371) 1,327 $ 1,429 $ 1,467 $ $ The company records asset retirement obligations when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of long- lived assets and the liability can be reasonably estimated. These asset retirement obligations include costs related to environmental issues. The liability balance of approximately $14.1 billion for asset retirement obligations at year-end 2018 related primarily to upstream properties. For the company’s other ongoing operating assets, such as refineries and chemicals facilities, no provisions are made for exit or cleanup costs that may be required when such assets reach the end of their useful lives unless a decision to sell or otherwise abandon the facility has been made, as the indeterminate settlement dates for the asset retirements prevent estimation of the fair value of the asset retirement obligation. Refer to the discussion below for additional information on environmental matters and their impact on Chevron, and on the company’s 2018 environmental expenditures. Refer to Note 23 on page 86 for additional discussion of environmental remediation provisions and year-end reserves. Refer also to Note 24 on page 88 for additional discussion of the company’s asset retirement obligations. Suspended Wells Information related to suspended wells is included in Note 20, Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells, beginning on page 79. Income Taxes Information related to income tax contingencies is included on pages 74 through 76 in Note 16 and page 86 in Note 23 under the heading “Income Taxes.” Other Contingencies Information related to other contingencies is included on page 87 in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading “Other Contingencies.” 42 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 42 143262_Financials.indd 42 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Environmental Matters The company is subject to various international, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and market-based programs. These laws, regulations and programs continue to evolve and are expected to increase in both number and complexity over time and govern not only the manner in which the company conducts its operations, but also the products it sells. For example, international agreements and national, regional, and state legislation (e.g., California AB32, SB32 and AB398) and regulatory measures that aim to limit or reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are currently in various stages of implementation. Consideration of GHG issues and the responses to those issues through international agreements and national, regional or state legislation or regulations are integrated into the company’s strategy and planning, capital investment reviews and risk management tools and processes, where applicable. They are also factored into the company’s long-range supply, demand and energy price forecasts. These forecasts reflect long-range effects from renewable fuel penetration, energy efficiency standards, climate-related policy actions, and demand response to oil and natural gas prices. In addition, legislation and regulations intended to address hydraulic fracturing also continue to evolve at the national, state and local levels. Refer to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, on pages 18 through 21 of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of some of the inherent risks of increasingly restrictive environmental and other regulation that could materially impact the company’s results of operations or financial condition. Most of the costs of complying with existing laws and regulations pertaining to company operations and products are embedded in the normal costs of doing business. However, it is not possible to predict with certainty the amount of additional investments in new or existing technology or facilities or the amounts of increased operating costs to be incurred in the future to: prevent, control, reduce or eliminate releases of hazardous materials or other pollutants into the environment; remediate and restore areas damaged by prior releases of hazardous materials; or comply with new environmental laws or regulations. Although these costs may be significant to the results of operations in any single period, the company does not presently expect them to have a material adverse effect on the company’s liquidity or financial position. Accidental leaks and spills requiring cleanup may occur in the ordinary course of business. The company may incur expenses for corrective actions at various owned and previously owned facilities and at third-party-owned waste disposal sites used by the company. An obligation may arise when operations are closed or sold or at non-Chevron sites where company products have been handled or disposed of. Most of the expenditures to fulfill these obligations relate to facilities and sites where past operations followed practices and procedures that were considered acceptable at the time but now require investigative or remedial work or both to meet current standards. Using definitions and guidelines established by the American Petroleum Institute, Chevron estimated its worldwide environmental spending in 2018 at approximately $2.0 billion for its consolidated companies. Included in these expenditures were approximately $0.5 billion of environmental capital expenditures and $1.5 billion of costs associated with the prevention, control, abatement or elimination of hazardous substances and pollutants from operating, closed or divested sites, and the abandonment and restoration of sites. For 2019, total worldwide environmental capital expenditures are estimated at $0.5 billion. These capital costs are in addition to the ongoing costs of complying with environmental regulations and the costs to remediate previously contaminated sites. Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions Management makes many estimates and assumptions in the application of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that may have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and on the comparability of such information over different reporting periods. Such estimates and assumptions affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates and assumptions are based on management’s experience and other information available prior to the issuance of the financial statements. Materially different results can occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. The discussion in this section of “critical” accounting estimates and assumptions is according to the disclosure guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wherein: 1. 2. the nature of the estimates and assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters, or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and the impact of the estimates and assumptions on the company’s financial condition or operating performance is material. The development and selection of accounting estimates and assumptions, including those deemed “critical,” and the associated disclosures in this discussion have been discussed by management with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The areas of accounting and the associated “critical” estimates and assumptions made by the company are as follows: 43 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 43 143262_Financials.indd 43 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Oil and Gas Reserves Crude oil and natural gas reserves are estimates of future production that impact certain asset and expense accounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Proved reserves are the estimated quantities of oil and gas that geoscience and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in the future under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. Proved reserves include both developed and undeveloped volumes. Proved developed reserves represent volumes expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped reserves are volumes expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled proved acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Variables impacting Chevron’s estimated volumes of crude oil and natural gas reserves include field performance, available technology, commodity prices, and development and production costs. The estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves are important to the timing of expense recognition for costs incurred and to the valuation of certain oil and gas producing assets. Impacts of oil and gas reserves on Chevron’s Consolidated Financial Statements, using the successful efforts method of accounting, include the following: 1. Amortization - Capitalized exploratory drilling and development costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production (UOP) basis using proved developed reserves. Acquisition costs of proved properties are amortized on a UOP basis using total proved reserves. During 2018, Chevron’s UOP Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (DD&A) for oil and gas properties was $14.8 billion, and proved developed reserves at the beginning of 2018 were 6.1 billion barrels for consolidated companies. If the estimates of proved reserves used in the UOP calculations for consolidated operations had been lower by 5 percent across all oil and gas properties, UOP DD&A in 2018 would have increased by approximately $800 million. 2. Impairment - Oil and gas reserves are used in assessing oil and gas producing properties for impairment. A significant reduction in the estimated reserves of a property would trigger an impairment review. Proved reserves (and, in some cases, a portion of unproved resources) are used to estimate future production volumes in the cash flow model. For a further discussion of estimates and assumptions used in impairment assessments, see Impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment and Investments in Affiliates below. Refer to Table V, “Reserve Quantity Information,” beginning on page 95, for the changes in proved reserve estimates for the three years ended December 31, 2018, and to Table VII, “Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows From Proved Reserves” on page 101 for estimates of proved reserve values for each of the three years ended December 31, 2018. This Oil and Gas Reserves commentary should be read in conjunction with the Properties, Plant and Equipment section of Note 1, beginning on page 55, which includes a description of the “successful efforts” method of accounting for oil and gas exploration and production activities. Impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment and Investments in Affiliates The company assesses its properties, plant and equipment (PP&E) for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected from the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters, such as future commodity prices, the effects of inflation and technology improvements on operating expenses, production profiles, and the outlook for global or regional market supply-and-demand conditions for crude oil, natural gas, commodity chemicals and refined products. However, the impairment reviews and calculations are based on assumptions that are generally consistent with the company’s business plans and long-term investment decisions. Refer also to the discussion of impairments of properties, plant and equipment in Note 17 on page 77 and to the section on Properties, Plant and Equipment in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” beginning on page 55. The company routinely performs impairment reviews when triggering events arise to determine whether any write-down in the carrying value of an asset or asset group is required. For example, when significant downward revisions to crude oil and natural gas reserves are made for any single field or concession, an impairment review is performed to determine if the carrying value of the asset remains recoverable. Similarly, a significant downward revision in the company’s crude oil or natural gas price outlook would trigger impairment reviews for impacted upstream assets. In addition, impairments could occur due to changes in national, state or local environmental regulations or laws, including those designed to stop or impede the development or production of oil and gas. Also, if the expectation of sale of a particular asset or asset group in any period has been deemed more likely than not, an impairment review is performed, and if the estimated net proceeds exceed the carrying value of the asset or asset group, no impairment charge is required. Such calculations are reviewed each period until the asset or asset group is impaired on a held-and-used basis could possibly become impaired if a decision disposed. Assets that are not 44 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 44 143262_Financials.indd 44 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is made to sell such assets. That is, the assets would be impaired if they are classified as held-for-sale and the estimated proceeds from the sale, less costs to sell, are less than the assets’ associated carrying values. Investments in common stock of affiliates that are accounted for under the equity method, as well as investments in other securities of these equity investees, are reviewed for impairment when the fair value of the investment falls below the company’s carrying value. When this occurs, a determination must be made as to whether this loss is other-than-temporary, in which case the investment is impaired. Because of the number of differing assumptions potentially affecting whether an investment is impaired in any period or the amount of the impairment, a sensitivity analysis is not practicable. No individually material impairments of PP&E or Investments were recorded for 2018 or 2017. The company reported impairments for certain oil and gas properties in Brazil and the United States during 2016 due to reservoir performance and lower crude oil prices. A sensitivity analysis of the impact on earnings for these periods if other assumptions had been used in impairment reviews and impairment calculations is not practicable, given the broad range of the company’s PP&E and the number of assumptions involved in the estimates. That is, favorable changes to some assumptions might have avoided the need to impair any assets in these periods, whereas unfavorable changes might have caused an additional unknown number of other assets to become impaired, or resulted in larger impacts on impaired assets. Asset Retirement Obligations In the determination of fair value for an asset retirement obligation (ARO), the company uses various assumptions and judgments, including such factors as the existence of a legal obligation, estimated amounts and timing of settlements, discount and inflation rates, and the expected impact of advances in technology and process improvements. A sensitivity analysis of the ARO impact on earnings for 2018 is not practicable, given the broad range of the company’s long-lived assets and the number of assumptions involved in the estimates. That is, favorable changes to some assumptions would have reduced estimated future obligations, thereby lowering accretion expense and amortization costs, whereas unfavorable changes would have the opposite effect. Refer to Note 24 on page 88 for additional discussions on asset retirement obligations. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Note 22, beginning on page 81, includes information on the funded status of the company’s pension and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet; the components of pension and OPEB expense reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Income; and the related underlying assumptions. The determination of pension plan expense and obligations is based on a number of actuarial assumptions. Two critical assumptions are the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the discount rate applied to pension plan obligations. Critical assumptions in determining expense and obligations for OPEB plans, which provide for certain health care and life insurance benefits for qualifying retired employees and which are not funded, are the discount rate and the assumed health care cost-trend rates. Information related to the company’s processes to develop these assumptions is included on page 83 in Note 22 under the relevant headings. Actual rates may vary significantly from estimates because of unanticipated changes beyond the company’s control. For 2018, the company used an expected long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent and a discount rate for service costs of 3.7 percent and a discount rate for interest cost of 3.0 percent for U.S. pension plans. The actual return for 2018 was negative. For the 10 years ended December 31, 2018, actual asset returns averaged 7.9 percent for these plans. Additionally, with the exception of three years within this 10-year period, actual asset returns for these plans equaled or exceeded 6.75 percent during each year. Total pension expense for 2018 was $1.1 billion. An increase in the expected long-term return on plan assets or the discount rate would reduce pension plan expense, and vice versa. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension expense to the long- term rate of return assumption, a 1 percent increase in this assumption for the company’s primary U.S. pension plan, which accounted for about 63 percent of companywide pension expense, would have reduced total pension plan expense for 2018 by approximately $83 million. A 1 percent increase in the discount rates for this same plan would have reduced pension expense for 2018 by approximately $271 million. The aggregate funded status recognized at December 31, 2018, was a net liability of approximately $3.9 billion. An increase in the discount rate would decrease the pension obligation, thus changing the funded status of a plan. At December 31, 2018, the company used a discount rate of 4.2 percent to measure the obligations for the U.S. pension plans. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension liabilities to the discount rate assumption, a 0.25 percent increase in the discount rate applied to the company’s primary U.S. pension plan, which accounted for about 62 percent of the companywide pension obligation, would have reduced the plan obligation by approximately $339 million, and would have decreased the plan’s underfunded status from approximately $1.8 billion to $1.4 billion. 45 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 45 143262_Financials.indd 45 3/4/19 11:55 AM Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations For the company’s OPEB plans, expense for 2018 was $123 million, and the total liability, all unfunded at the end of 2018, was $2.4 billion. For the main U.S. OPEB plan, the company used a discount rate for service cost of 3.8 percent and a discount rate for interest cost of 3.2 percent to measure expense in 2018, and a 4.3 percent discount rate to measure the benefit obligations at December 31, 2018. Discount rate changes, similar to those used in the pension sensitivity analysis, resulted in an immaterial impact on 2018 OPEB expense and OPEB liabilities at the end of 2018. For information on the sensitivity of the health care cost-trend rate, refer to page 83 in Note 22 under the heading “Other Benefit Assumptions.” Differences between the various assumptions used to determine expense and the funded status of each plan and actual experience are included in actuarial gain/loss. Refer to page 82 in Note 22 for a description of the method used to amortize the $4.6 billion of before-tax actuarial losses recorded by the company as of December 31, 2018, and an estimate of the costs to be recognized in expense during 2019. In addition, information related to company contributions is included on page 85 in Note 22 under the heading “Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments.” Contingent Losses Management also makes judgments and estimates in recording liabilities for claims, litigation, tax matters and environmental remediation. Actual costs can frequently vary from estimates for a variety of reasons. For example, the costs for settlement of claims and litigation can vary from estimates based on differing interpretations of laws, opinions on culpability and assessments on the amount of damages. Similarly, liabilities for environmental remediation are subject to change because of changes in laws, regulations and their interpretation, the determination of additional information on the extent and nature of site contamination, and improvements in technology. Under the accounting rules, a liability is generally recorded for these types of contingencies if management determines the loss to be both probable and estimable. The company generally reports these losses as “Operating expenses” or “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. An exception to this handling is for income tax matters, for which benefits are recognized only if management determines the tax position is “more likely than not” (i.e., likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction. For additional discussion of income tax uncertainties, refer to Note 23 beginning on page 86. Refer also to the business segment discussions elsewhere in this section for the effect on earnings from losses associated with certain litigation, environmental remediation and tax matters for the three years ended December 31, 2018. An estimate as to the sensitivity to earnings for these periods if other assumptions had been used in recording these liabilities is not practicable because of the number of contingencies that must be assessed, the number of underlying assumptions and the wide range of reasonably possible outcomes, both in terms of the probability of loss and the estimates of such loss. New Accounting Standards Refer to Note 4 beginning on page 60 for information regarding new accounting standards. 46 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 46 143262_Financials.indd 46 3/4/19 11:55 AM Quarterly Results Unaudited Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts 4th Q 3rd Q 2nd Q 2018 1st Q 4th Q 3rd Q 2nd Q 2017 1st Q Revenues and Other Income Sales and other operating revenues1 Income from equity affiliates Other income Total Revenues and Other Income Costs and Other Deductions Purchased crude oil and products Operating expenses2 Selling, general and administrative expenses2 Exploration expenses Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxes other than on income1 Interest and debt expense Other components of net periodic benefit costs2 $40,338 $42,105 $40,491 $35,968 $36,381 $33,892 $32,877 $31,524 1,642 372 1,555 327 1,493 252 1,637 159 936 299 1,036 1,277 1,316 287 1,150 747 42,352 43,987 42,236 37,764 37,616 36,205 34,480 33,421 23,920 24,681 24,744 21,233 21,158 18,776 18,325 17,506 5,645 1,080 250 5,252 901 190 216 4,985 1,018 625 5,380 1,259 182 158 5,213 1,017 177 4,498 1,363 217 102 4,701 723 158 4,289 1,344 159 84 5,106 1,262 356 4,735 3,182 173 163 4,845 1,111 239 5,109 3,213 35 219 4,590 4,586 927 125 5,311 3,065 48 136 810 144 4,194 2,871 51 130 Total Costs and Other Deductions 37,454 38,288 37,331 32,691 36,135 33,547 32,527 30,292 Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expense Income Tax Expense (Benefit) 4,898 1,175 5,699 1,643 4,905 1,483 5,073 1,414 1,481 (1,637) 2,658 672 1,953 487 3,129 430 Net Income (Loss) $ 3,723 $ 4,056 $ 3,422 $ 3,659 $ 3,118 $ 1,986 $ 1,466 $ 2,699 Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (7) 9 13 21 7 34 16 17 Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation $ 3,730 $ 4,047 $ 3,409 $ 3,638 $ 3,111 $ 1,952 $ 1,450 $ 2,682 Per Share of Common Stock Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation – Basic – Diluted Dividends $ $ $ 1.97 1.95 1.12 $ $ $ 2.13 2.11 1.12 $ $ $ 1.79 1.78 1.12 $ $ $ 1.92 1.90 1.12 $ $ $ 1.65 1.64 1.08 $ $ $ 1.03 1.03 1.08 $ $ $ 0.77 0.77 1.08 1 Includes excise, value-added and similar taxes: $ 1,771 Beginning in 2018, excises taxes are netted in “Taxes other than on income” in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 25, “Revenue” beginning on page 88. — $ 1,874 $ 1,867 — $ — $ — $ $ $ $ $ 1.43 1.41 1.08 $ 1,677 2 2017 adjusted to conform to ASU 2017-07. Refer to Note 4, “New Accounting Standards” beginning on page 60. 47 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 47 143262_Financials.r3.indd 47 3/19/19 12:35 AM Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements To the Stockholders of Chevron Corporation Management of Chevron Corporation is responsible for preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related information appearing in this report. The statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and fairly represent the transactions and financial position of the company. The financial statements include amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. As stated in its report included herein, the independent registered public accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has audited the company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). The Board of Directors of Chevron has an Audit Committee composed of directors who are not officers or employees of the company. The Audit Committee meets regularly with members of management, the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm to review accounting, internal control, auditing and financial reporting matters. Both the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm have free and direct access to the Audit Committee without the presence of management. The company’s management has evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2018. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the company’s disclosure controls are effective in ensuring that information required to be recorded, processed, summarized and reported, are done within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the results of this evaluation, the company’s management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. The effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report included herein. Michael K. Wirth Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer February 22, 2019 Patricia E. Yarrington Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Jeanette L. Ourada Vice President and Comptroller 48 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 48 143262_Financials.r3.indd 48 3/19/19 12:35 AM Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Chevron Corporation: Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Chevron Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and, 2017 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO. Basis for Opinions The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. San Francisco, California February 22, 2019 We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1935. 49 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 49 143262_Financials.r3.indd 49 3/19/19 12:35 AM Consolidated Statement of Income Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Revenues and Other Income Sales and other operating revenues1 Income from equity affiliates Other income Total Revenues and Other Income Costs and Other Deductions Purchased crude oil and products Operating expenses2 Selling, general and administrative expenses2 Exploration expenses Depreciation, depletion and amortization Taxes other than on income1 Interest and debt expense Other components of net periodic benefit costs2 Total Costs and Other Deductions Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expense Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Net Income (Loss) Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation Per Share of Common Stock Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation - Basic - Diluted Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 $ 158,902 6,327 1,110 166,339 $ $ 134,674 4,438 2,610 141,722 110,215 2,661 1,596 114,472 94,578 20,544 3,838 1,210 19,419 4,867 748 560 75,765 19,127 4,110 864 19,349 12,331 307 648 59,321 19,902 4,305 1,033 19,457 11,668 201 745 145,764 132,501 116,632 20,575 5,715 14,860 36 14,824 7.81 7.74 $ $ $ $ $ $ 9,221 (48) 9,269 74 9,195 $ (2,160) (1,729) (431) 66 (497) 4.88 4.85 $ $ (0.27) (0.27) 1 2017 and 2016 include excise, value-added and similar taxes of $7,189 and $6,905, respectively, collected on behalf of third parties. Beginning in 2018, these taxes are netted in “Taxes other than on income” in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09. Refer to Note 25, “Revenue” beginning on page 88. 2 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to ASU 2017-07. Refer to Note 4, “New Accounting Standards” beginning on page 60. See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 50 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 50 143262_Financials.r3.indd 50 3/19/19 12:35 AM Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income Millions of dollars Net Income (Loss) Currency translation adjustment Unrealized net change arising during period Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities Net gain (loss) arising during period Defined benefit plans Actuarial gain (loss) Amortization to net income of net actuarial loss and settlements Actuarial gain (loss) arising during period Prior service credits (cost) Amortization to net income of net prior service costs and curtailments Prior service (costs) credits arising during period Defined benefit plans sponsored by equity affiliates - benefit (cost) Income (taxes) benefit on defined benefit plans Total Other Comprehensive Gain, Net of Tax Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 $ 14,860 $ 9,269 $ (431) (19) (5) 792 85 (13) (26) 23 (230) 631 607 15,467 (36) 57 (3) 817 (571) (20) (1) 19 (44) 200 254 9,523 (74) (22) 27 918 (315) 19 345 (19) (505) 443 448 17 (66) (49) Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation $ 15,431 $ 9,449 $ See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 51 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 51 143262_Financials.r3.indd 51 3/19/19 12:35 AM Consolidated Balance Sheet Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Assets Cash and cash equivalents Time deposits Marketable securities Accounts and notes receivable (less allowance: 2018 - $869; 2017 - $490) Inventories: Crude oil and petroleum products Chemicals Materials, supplies and other Total inventories Prepaid expenses and other current assets Total Current Assets Long-term receivables, net Investments and advances Properties, plant and equipment, at cost Less: Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization Properties, plant and equipment, net Deferred charges and other assets Goodwill Assets held for sale Total Assets Liabilities and Equity Short-term debt Accounts payable Accrued liabilities Federal and other taxes on income Other taxes payable Total Current Liabilities Long-term debt1 Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations Noncurrent deferred income taxes Noncurrent employee benefit plans Total Liabilities2 Preferred stock (authorized 100,000,000 shares; $1.00 par value; none issued) Common stock (authorized 6,000,000,000 shares; $0.75 par value; 2,442,676,580 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and 2017) Capital in excess of par value Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive losses Deferred compensation and benefit plan trust Treasury stock, at cost (2018 - 539,838,890 shares; 2017 - 537,974,695) Total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity Total Liabilities and Equity 1 Includes capital lease obligations of $127 and $94 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 2 Refer to Note 23, “Other Contingencies and Commitments” beginning on page 86. See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 52 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 52 At December 31 2018 2017 $ $ $ 9,342 950 53 15,050 3,383 487 1,834 5,704 2,922 34,021 1,942 35,546 340,244 171,037 169,207 6,766 4,518 1,863 253,863 5,726 13,953 4,927 1,628 937 27,171 28,733 19,742 15,921 6,654 $ $ $ 4,813 — 9 15,353 3,142 476 1,967 5,585 2,800 28,560 2,849 32,497 344,485 166,773 177,712 7,017 4,531 640 253,806 5,192 14,565 5,267 1,600 1,113 27,737 33,571 21,106 14,652 7,421 $ 98,221 $ 104,487 — — 1,832 17,112 180,987 (3,544) (240) (41,593) 154,554 1,088 155,642 1,832 16,848 174,106 (3,589) (240) (40,833) 148,124 1,195 149,319 $ 253,863 $ 253,806 143262_Financials.r3.indd 52 3/19/19 12:35 AM Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Millions of dollars Operating Activities Net Income (Loss) Adjustments Depreciation, depletion and amortization Dry hole expense Distributions less than income from equity affiliates1 Net before-tax gains on asset retirements and sales Net foreign currency effects Deferred income tax provision Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital2 Decrease (increase) in long-term receivables Net decrease (increase) in other deferred charges2 Cash contributions to employee pension plans Other Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities1,2 Investing Activities Capital expenditures Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment1,2 Net maturities of (investments in) time deposits Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates Net Cash Used for Investing Activities1,2 Financing Activities Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations Proceeds from issuances of long-term debt Repayments of long-term debt and other financing obligations Cash dividends - common stock Distributions to noncontrolling interests Net sales (purchases) of treasury shares Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at January 1 Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 $ 14,860 $ 9,269 $ (431) 19,349 198 (2,380) (2,195) 131 (3,203) 520 (368) (254) (980) 251 20,338 (13,404) 5,096 — 4 (16) 19,457 489 (1,549) (1,149) 186 (3,835) (327) (131) 178 (870) 672 12,690 (18,109) 3,476 — 297 (2,034) (8,320) (16,370) 19,419 687 (3,580) (619) 123 1,050 (718) 418 — (1,035) 13 30,618 (13,792) 2,392 (950) (51) 111 (12,290) 2,021 218 (6,741) (8,502) (91) (604) (5,142) 3,991 (6,310) (8,132) (78) 1,117 (13,699) (14,554) (91) 4,538 5,943 65 (2,471) 8,414 2,130 6,924 (1,584) (8,032) (63) 650 25 (53) (3,708) 12,122 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at December 31 $ 10,481 $ 5,943 $ 8,414 1 2 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to ASU 2016-15. Refer to Note 3, “Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows” beginning on page 59. 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to ASU 2016-18. Refer to Note 3, “Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows” beginning on page 59. See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 53 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 53 143262_Financials.r3.indd 53 3/19/19 12:35 AM Consolidated Statement of Equity Shares in thousands; amounts in millions of dollars Common Stock1 Retained Earnings Acc. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Treasury Stock (at cost) Chevron Corp. Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling Interests Total Equity Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 17,922 $ 181,578 $ (4,291) $ (42,493) $ 152,716 $ 1,170 $153,886 Treasury stock transactions Net income (loss) Cash dividends Stock dividends Other comprehensive income Purchases of treasury shares Issuances of treasury shares Other changes, net 265 — — — — — — — — (497) (8,032) (3) — — — — — — — — 448 — — — — — — — — (2) 661 — 265 (497) (8,032) (3) 448 (2) 661 — — 66 (63) — — — — (7) 265 (431) (8,095) (3) 448 (2) 661 (7) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 18,187 $ 173,046 $ (3,843) $ (41,834) $ 145,556 $ 1,166 $146,722 Treasury stock transactions Net income (loss) Cash dividends Stock dividends Other comprehensive income Purchases of treasury shares Issuances of treasury shares Other changes, net 253 — — — — — — — — 9,195 (8,132) (3) — — — — — — — — 254 — — — — — — — — (1) 1,002 — 253 9,195 (8,132) (3) 254 (1) 1,002 — — 74 (78) — — — — 33 253 9,269 (8,210) (3) 254 (1) 1,002 33 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 18,440 $ 174,106 $ (3,589) $ (40,833) $ 148,124 $ 1,195 $149,319 Treasury stock transactions Net income (loss) Cash dividends Stock dividends Other comprehensive income Purchases of treasury shares Issuances of treasury shares Other changes, net2 264 — — — — — — — — 14,824 (8,502) (3) — — — 562 — — — — 607 — — (562) — — — — — (1,751) 991 — 264 14,824 (8,502) (3) 607 (1,751) 991 — — 36 (91) — — — — (52) 264 14,860 (8,593) (3) 607 (1,751) 991 (52) Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 18,704 $ 180,987 $ (3,544) $ (41,593) $ 154,554 $ 1,088 $155,642 Balance at December 31, 2015 Purchases Issuances Balance at December 31, 2016 Purchases Issuances Balance at December 31, 2017 Purchases Issuances Balance at December 31, 2018 Common Stock Share Activity Issued3 2,442,677 — — 2,442,677 — — 2,442,677 — — 2,442,677 Treasury (559,863) (20) 8,713 (551,170) (10) 13,205 (537,975) (14,912) 13,048 (539,839) Outstanding 1,882,814 (20) 8,713 1,891,507 (10) 13,205 1,904,702 (14,912) 13,048 1,902,838 1 Beginning and ending balances for all periods include capital in excess of par, common stock issued at par for $1,832, and $(240) associated with Chevron’s Benefit 2 Plan Trust. Changes reflect capital in excess of par. In 2018, Chevron reclassified stranded tax effects in “Accumulated other comprehensive losses” to “Retained earnings” in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-02. Refer to Note 2, “Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” on page 58 and Note 4, “New Accounting Standards” on page 60. 3 Beginning and ending total issued share balances include 14,168 shares associated with Chevron’s Benefit Plan Trust. See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 54 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 54 143262_Financials.r3.indd 54 3/19/19 12:35 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies General The company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These require the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Although the company uses its best estimates and judgments, actual results could differ from these estimates as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. Subsidiary and Affiliated Companies The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of controlled subsidiary companies more than 50 percent-owned and any variable-interest entities in which the company is the primary beneficiary. Undivided interests in oil and gas joint ventures and certain other assets are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments in and advances to affiliates in which the company has a substantial ownership interest of approximately 20 percent to 50 percent, or for which the company exercises significant influence but not control over policy decisions, are accounted for by the equity method. Investments in affiliates are assessed for possible impairment when events indicate that the fair value of the investment may be below the company’s carrying value. When such a condition is deemed to be other than temporary, the carrying value of the investment is written down to its fair value, and the amount of the write-down is included in net income. In making the determination as to whether a decline is other than temporary, the company considers such factors as the duration and extent of the decline, the investee’s financial performance, and the company’s ability and intention to retain its investment for a period that will be sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the investment’s market value. The new cost basis of investments in these equity investees is not changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value. Differences between the company’s carrying value of an equity investment and its underlying equity in the net assets of the affiliate are assigned to the extent practicable to specific assets and liabilities based on the company’s analysis of the various factors giving rise to the difference. When appropriate, the company’s share of the affiliate’s reported earnings is adjusted quarterly to reflect the difference between these allocated values and the affiliate’s historical book values. Noncontrolling Interests Ownership interests in the company’s subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent are presented separately from the parent’s equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interests are both presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income and Consolidated Statement of Equity. Fair Value Measurements The three levels of the fair value hierarchy of inputs the company uses to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability are as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. Level 3 inputs are inputs that are not observable in the market. Derivatives The majority of the company’s activity in derivative commodity instruments is intended to manage the financial risk posed by physical transactions. For some of this derivative activity, generally limited to large, discrete or infrequently occurring transactions, the company may elect to apply fair value or cash flow hedge accounting. For other similar derivative instruments, generally because of the short-term nature of the contracts or their limited use, the company does not apply hedge accounting, and changes in the fair value of those contracts are reflected in current income. For the company’s commodity trading activity, gains and losses from derivative instruments are reported in current income. The company may enter into interest rate swaps from time to time as part of its overall strategy to manage the interest rate risk on its debt. Interest rate swaps related to a portion of the company’s fixed-rate debt, if any, may be accounted for as fair value hedges. Interest rate swaps related to floating-rate debt, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. Where Chevron is a party to master netting arrangements, fair value receivable and payable amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty are generally offset on the balance sheet. Short-Term Investments All short-term investments are classified as available for sale and are in highly liquid debt securities. Those investments that are part of the company’s cash management portfolio and have original maturities of three months or less are reported as “Cash equivalents.” Bank time deposits with maturities greater than 90 days are reported as “Time deposits.” The balance of short-term investments is reported as “Marketable securities” and is marked-to-market, with any unrealized gains or losses included in “Other comprehensive income.” 55 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 55 143262_Financials.indd 55 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Inventories Crude oil, petroleum products and chemicals inventories are generally stated at cost, using a last-in, first-out method. In the aggregate, these costs are below market. “Materials, supplies and other” inventories are primarily stated at cost or net realizable value. Properties, Plant and Equipment The successful efforts method is used for crude oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. All costs for development wells, related plant and equipment, proved mineral interests in crude oil and natural gas properties, and related asset retirement obligation (ARO) assets are capitalized. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether the wells found proved reserves. Costs of wells that are assigned proved reserves remain capitalized. Costs also are capitalized for exploratory wells that have found crude oil and natural gas reserves even if the reserves cannot be classified as proved when the drilling is completed, provided the exploratory well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All other exploratory wells and costs are expensed. Refer to Note 20, beginning on page 79, for additional discussion of accounting for suspended exploratory well costs. Long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved crude oil and natural gas properties, are assessed for possible impairment by comparing their carrying values with their associated undiscounted, future net cash flows. Events that can trigger assessments for possible impairments include write-downs of proved reserves based on field performance, significant decreases in the market value of an asset (including changes to the commodity price forecast), significant change in the extent or manner of use of or a physical change in an asset, and a more-likely-than-not expectation that a long-lived asset or asset group will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly sooner than the end of its previously estimated useful life. Impaired assets are written down to their estimated fair values, generally their discounted, future net cash flows. For proved crude oil and natural gas properties, the company performs impairment reviews on a country, concession, PSC, development area or field basis, as appropriate. In Downstream, impairment reviews are performed on the basis of a refinery, a plant, a marketing/lubricants area or distribution area, as appropriate. Impairment amounts are recorded as incremental “Depreciation, depletion and amortization” expense. Long-lived assets that are held for sale are evaluated for possible impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset with its fair value less the cost to sell. If the net book value exceeds the fair value less cost to sell, the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to the lower value. Refer to Note 8, beginning on page 63, relating to fair value measurements. The fair value of a liability for an ARO is recorded as an asset and a liability when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a long-lived asset and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Refer also to Note 24, on page 88, relating to AROs. Depreciation and depletion of all capitalized costs of proved crude oil and natural gas producing properties, except mineral interests, are expensed using the unit-of-production method, generally by individual field, as the proved developed reserves interests are recognized using the for capitalized costs of proved mineral are produced. Depletion expenses unit-of-production method by individual field as the related proved reserves are produced. Impairments of capitalized costs of unproved mineral interests are expensed. The capitalized costs of all other plant and equipment are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful lives. In general, the declining-balance method is used to depreciate plant and equipment in the United States; the straight-line method is generally used to depreciate international plant and equipment and to amortize all capitalized leased assets. Gains or losses are not recognized for normal retirements of properties, plant and equipment subject to composite group amortization or depreciation. Gains or losses from abnormal retirements are recorded as expenses, and from sales as “Other income.” Expenditures for maintenance (including those for planned major maintenance projects), repairs and minor renewals to maintain facilities in operating condition are generally expensed as incurred. Major replacements and renewals are capitalized. Goodwill Goodwill resulting from a business combination is not subject to amortization. The company tests such goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment annually at December 31, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Environmental Expenditures Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing operations or to conditions caused by past operations are expensed. Expenditures that create future benefits or contribute to future revenue generation are capitalized. Liabilities related to future remediation costs are recorded when environmental assessments or cleanups or both are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. For crude oil, natural gas and mineral-producing properties, a liability for an ARO 56 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 56 143262_Financials.indd 56 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts is made in accordance with accounting standards for asset retirement and environmental obligations. Refer to Note 24, on page 88, for a discussion of the company’s AROs. For federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, the company records a liability for its designated share of the probable and estimable costs, and probable amounts for other potentially responsible parties when mandated by the regulatory agencies because the other parties are not able to pay their respective shares. The gross amount of environmental liabilities is based on the company’s best estimate of future costs using currently available technology and applying current regulations and the company’s own internal environmental policies. Future amounts are not discounted. Recoveries or reimbursements are recorded as assets when receipt is reasonably assured. Currency Translation The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for substantially all of the company’s consolidated operations and those of its equity affiliates. For those operations, all gains and losses from currency remeasurement are included in current period income. The cumulative translation effects for those few entities, both consolidated and affiliated, using functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are included in “Currency translation adjustment” on the Consolidated Statement of Equity. Revenue Recognition The company accounts for each delivery order of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum and chemical products as a separate performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs at the point in time when control of the product transfers to the customer. Payment is generally due within 30 days of delivery. The company accounts for delivery transportation as a fulfillment cost, not a separate performance obligation, and recognizes these costs as an operating expense in the period when revenue for the related commodity is recognized. Revenue is measured as the amount the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring commodities to the customer. The company’s commodity sales are typically based on prevailing market-based prices and may include discounts and allowances. Until market prices become known under terms of the company’s contracts, the transaction price included in revenue is based on the company’s estimate of the most likely outcome. Discounts and allowances are estimated using a combination of historical and recent data trends. When deliveries contain multiple products, an observable standalone selling price is generally used to measure revenue for each product. The company includes estimates in the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable in subsequent periods. Excise, value-added and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer are presented on a net basis in “Taxes other than on income” on the Consolidated Statement of Income, on page 50. Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another (including buy/sell arrangements) are combined and recorded on a net basis and reported in “Purchased crude oil and products” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, revenues associated with sales of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum and chemicals products, and all other sources were recorded when title passed to the customer, net of royalties, discounts and allowances, as applicable. Revenues from natural gas production from properties in which Chevron has an interest with other producers were generally recognized using the entitlement method. Excise, value-added and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer were presented on a gross basis on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation The company issues stock options and other share-based compensation to certain employees. For equity awards, such as stock options, total compensation cost is based on the grant date fair value, and for liability awards, such as stock appreciation rights, total compensation cost is based on the settlement value. The company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all awards over the service period required to earn the award, which is the shorter of the vesting period or the time period in which an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement. The company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) awards include stock options and stock appreciation rights, which have graded vesting provisions by which one-third of each award vests on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. In addition, performance shares granted under the company’s LTIP will vest at the end of the three-year performance period. For awards granted under the company’s LTIP beginning in 2017, stock options and stock appreciation rights have graded vesting by which one third of each award vests annually on each January 31 on or after the first anniversary of the grant date. Standard restricted stock unit awards have cliff vesting by which the total award will vest on January 31 on or after the fifth anniversary of the grant date, subject to adjustment upon termination pursuant to the satisfaction of certain criteria. The company amortizes these awards on a straight-line basis. 57 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 57 143262_Financials.indd 57 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 2 Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses The change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses (AOCL) presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the impact of significant amounts reclassified from AOCL on information presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2018, are reflected in the table below. Balance at December 31, 2015 $ (140) $ (29) $ (2) $ (4,120) $ (4,291) Currency Translation Adjustments Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Securities Derivatives Defined Benefit Plans Total Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1: Before Reclassifications Reclassifications2 Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance at December 31, 2016 Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1: Before Reclassifications Reclassifications2 Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance at December 31, 2017 Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1: Before Reclassifications Reclassifications2 Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Stranded Tax Reclassification to Retained Earnings3 (22) — (22) 27 — 27 — — — (161) 604 443 (156) 604 448 $ (162) $ (2) $ (2) $ (3,677) $ (3,843) 57 — 57 (3) — (3) — — — (310) 510 200 (256) 510 254 $ (105) $ (5) $ (2) $ (3,477) $ (3,589) (19) — (19) — (5) — (5) — — — — — 28 603 631 (562) 4 603 607 (562) Balance at December 31, 2018 $ (124) $ (10) $ (2) $ (3,408) $ (3,544) 1 All amounts are net of tax. 2 Refer to Note 22 beginning on page 81, for reclassified components totaling $779 that are included in employee benefit costs for the year ended December 31, 2018. Related income taxes for the same period, totaling $176, are reflected in Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. All other reclassified amounts were insignificant. 3 Stranded tax reclassification to retained earnings per ASU 2018-02. Refer to Note 4, “New Accounting Standards” on page 60. 58 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 58 143262_Financials.indd 58 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 3 Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital was composed of the following: Decrease (increase) in accounts and notes receivable Decrease (increase) in inventories Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets 1 Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities 1 Increase (decrease) in income and other taxes payable Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital Net cash provided by operating activities includes the following cash payments: Interest on debt (net of capitalized interest) Income taxes Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment consisted of the following gross amounts: Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales 1 Returns of investment from equity affiliates 2 Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment Net maturities (investments) of time deposits consisted of the following gross amounts: Investments in time deposits Maturities of time deposits Net maturities of (investments in) time deposits Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities consisted of the following gross amounts: Marketable securities purchased Marketable securities sold Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates: Borrowing of loans by equity affiliates Repayment of loans by equity affiliates Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations consisted of the following gross and net amounts: Proceeds from issuances of short-term obligations Repayments of short-term obligations Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations with three months or less maturity Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations 1 2017 and 2016 adjusted to conform to ASU 2016-18. 2 Per ASU 2016-15. Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 437 (424) (149) (494) (88) (718) 736 4,748 2,000 392 2,392 (950) — (950) (51) — (51) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (915) $ (267) 173 998 531 520 265 3,132 4,930 166 5,096 $ $ $ $ — $ — — $ (3) $ 7 4 $ (2,121) 603 829 366 (4) (327) 158 1,935 3,154 322 3,476 — — — (9) 306 297 — $ 111 (142) $ 126 (2,341) 307 111 2,486 (4,136) 3,671 2,021 $ $ $ (16) $ (2,034) $ 5,051 (8,820) (1,373) 14,778 (12,558) (90) (5,142) $ 2,130 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ A loan to Tengizchevroil LLP for the development of the Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project represents the majority of “Net borrowing of loans by equity affiliates” in 2016. The “Net sales (purchases) of treasury shares” represents the cost of common shares acquired less the cost of shares issued for share-based compensation plans. Purchases totaled $1,751, $1 and $2 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The company purchased 14.9 million shares under its stock repurchase plan for $1,750 in 2018. No shares were repurchased under the plan in 2017 or 2016. The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows excludes changes to the Consolidated Balance Sheet that did not affect cash. “Depreciation, depletion and amortization,” “Dry hole expense” and “Deferred income tax provision” collectively include approximately $1.1 billion in non-cash reductions to properties, plant and equipment recorded in 2018 relating to impairments and other non-cash charges. Refer also to Note 24, on page 88, for a discussion of revisions to the company’s AROs that also did not involve cash receipts or payments for the three years ending December 31, 2018. 59 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 59 143262_Financials.indd 59 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The major components of “Capital expenditures” and the reconciliation of this amount to the reported capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates, are presented in the following table: Year ended December 31 Additions to properties, plant and equipment * Additions to investments Current-year dry hole expenditures Payments for other liabilities and assets, net Capital expenditures Expensed exploration expenditures Assets acquired through capital lease obligations and other financing obligations Capital and exploratory expenditures, excluding equity affiliates Company’s share of expenditures by equity affiliates $ $ 2018 13,384 65 344 (1) 13,792 523 75 14,390 5,716 $ 2017 13,222 25 157 — 13,404 666 8 14,078 4,743 Capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates $ 20,106 $ 18,821 $ * Excludes non-cash additions of $25 in 2018, $1,183 in 2017 and $56 in 2016. 2016 17,742 55 313 (1) 18,109 544 5 18,658 3,770 22,428 On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) 2016-15 and 2016-18, which require retrospective adjustment of prior periods in the Statement of Cash Flows. In addition to other requirements, ASU 2016-15 specifies new standards for the classification of distributions from equity affiliates. In adopting these new standards, Chevron utilized the cumulative earnings approach to evaluate returns on and returns of investment from equity affiliates. For the year ended 2017 and 2016, a total of $166 and $322, respectively, was reclassified from “Distributions less than income from equity affiliates” to “Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment.” Adoption of ASU 2016-18 requires the inclusion of restricted cash and associated changes in restricted cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The impact of ASU 2016-18 is captured across several line items in the Statement of Cash Flows, including “Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital,” “Decrease (increase) in other deferred charges,” and “Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment” with associated net changes captured in both “Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities” and “Net Cash Used for Investing Activities.” The line item “Net sales (purchases) of other short-term investments” was removed in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-18. The table below quantifies the beginning and ending balances of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet: Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” Restricted cash included in “Deferred charges and other assets” Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2018 9,342 341 798 10,481 $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31 2017 4,813 405 725 5,943 $ $ 2016 6,988 488 938 $ 8,414 $ 2015 11,022 196 904 12,122 Note 4 New Accounting Standards Revenue Recognition (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the restatement of prior periods. The impact of the adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the company’s consolidated financial statements. For additional information on the company’s revenue, refer to Note 25 beginning on page 88. Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) On January 1, 2018, the company adopted ASU 2017-05, which provides clarification regarding the guidance on accounting for the derecognition of nonfinancial assets. The adoption of the standard had no impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements. Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715) Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2017-07 on a retrospective basis. The standard requires the disaggregation of the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit cost and allows only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The effects of retrospective adoption on the Consolidated Statement of Income for 2017 and 2016 were to move $310 and $366 from “Operating expenses” and $338 and $379 from “Selling, general and administrative expenses” to “Other components of net periodic benefits cost,” respectively. 60 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 60 143262_Financials.indd 60 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2016-15 on a retrospective basis. The standard provides clarification on how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. For additional information, refer to Note 3 beginning on page 59. Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Restricted Cash Effective January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2016-18 on a retrospective basis. The standard requires an entity to explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and to provide a reconciliation to the Consolidated Balance Sheet when the cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are not separately presented or are presented in more than one line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The company’s restricted cash balances are now included in the beginning and ending balances on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. For additional information, refer to Note 3 beginning on page 59. Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income In fourth quarter 2018, the company elected to early adopt ASU 2018-02, which permits the reclassification of stranded tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of U.S. tax reform. Accordingly, Chevron reclassified $562 from “Accumulated other comprehensive losses” to “Retained earnings” associated with the reduction of the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent. In accordance with its accounting policy, the company releases stranded income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income in the period the underlying activity ceases to exist. ASU 2018-02 allowed for the reclassification of stranded tax effects as a result of the change in tax rates due to U.S. tax reform to be recorded upon adoption of the ASU, rather than at the actual date that the underlying activity ceases to exist. For additional detail, refer to Note 2 beginning on page 58. Leases (Topic 842) In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, which became effective for the company January 1, 2019. The standard requires that lessees present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The company plans to elect the short-term lease exception provided for in the standard and therefore will only recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year. The company further intends to elect the option to apply the transition provisions of the new standard at the adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The company plans to elect the package of practical expedients to not re-evaluate existing lease contracts or lease classifications and therefore will not make changes to those leases already recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet under ASC 840 until the leases are fully amortized, amended, or modified. In addition, the company will not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The company intends to apply the land easement practical expedient. Chevron plans to elect the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components for most asset classes except for certain asset classes that have significant non-lease (i.e., service) components in addition to the lease component. The company will reclassify some contracts, currently not classified as leases, as operating leases under the new standard. The company completed accounting policy and disclosure updates and system implementation necessary to meet the standard’s requirements. The company does not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on finance leases, which are currently referred to as capital leases. The company estimates that the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are approximately $4 billion, as of January 1, 2019. The company expects the implementation of the standard will have a minimal impact on the Consolidated Statement of Income and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which becomes effective for the company beginning January 1, 2020. The standard requires companies to use forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. The company is evaluating the effect of the standard on the company’s consolidated financial statements. 61 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 61 143262_Financials.indd 61 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 5 Lease Commitments Certain noncancelable leases are classified as capital leases, and the leased assets are included as part of “Properties, plant and equipment, at cost” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Such leasing arrangements involve crude oil production and processing equipment, vessels, office buildings, and other facilities. Other leases are classified as operating leases and are not capitalized. The payments on operating leases are recorded as expense. Details of the capitalized leased assets are below: Upstream Downstream All Other Total Less: Accumulated amortization Net capitalized leased assets Rental expenses incurred for operating leases during 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows: At December 31 2018 2017 $ $ 719 99 — 818 617 201 $ $ 678 99 — 777 515 262 Minimum rentals Contingent rentals Total Less: Sublease rental income Net rental expense 2018 820 1 821 5 816 $ $ Year ended December 31 2017 2016 $ $ 726 1 727 6 721 $ $ 943 2 945 7 938 Contingent rentals are based on factors other than the passage of time, principally sales volumes at leased service stations. Certain leases include escalation clauses for adjusting rentals to reflect changes in price indices, renewal options, and options to purchase the leased property during or at the end of the initial or renewal lease period for the fair market value or other specified amount at that time. At December 31, 2018, the estimated future minimum lease payments (net of noncancelable sublease rentals) under operating and capital leases, which at inception had a noncancelable term of more than one year, were as follows: Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Less: Amounts representing interest and executory costs Net present values Less: Capital lease obligations included in short-term debt Long-term capital lease obligations At December 31 Operating Leases Capital Leases * $ $ 540 492 378 242 166 341 2,159 $ $ $ $ 30 22 17 16 16 132 233 (88) 145 (18) 127 * Excluded from the table is an executed but not-yet-commenced capital lease with payments of $14, $15, $22, $21, $21, and $219 for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and thereafter, respectively. 62 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 62 143262_Financials.indd 62 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 6 Summarized Financial Data – Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (CUSA) is a major subsidiary of Chevron Corporation. CUSA and its subsidiaries manage and operate most of Chevron’s U.S. businesses. Assets include those related to the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and those associated with the refining, marketing, supply and distribution of products derived from petroleum, excluding most of the regulated pipeline operations of Chevron. CUSA also holds the company’s investment in the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC joint venture, which is accounted for using the equity method. The summarized financial information for CUSA and its consolidated subsidiaries is as follows: Sales and other operating revenues Total costs and other deductions Net income (loss) attributable to CUSA Current assets Other assets Current liabilities Other liabilities Total CUSA net equity Memo: Total debt $ 2018 125,076 121,351 4,334 $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31 2017 104,054 103,904 4,842 $ 2016 83,715 87,429 (1,177) At December 31 2017 $ $ $ 12,163 54,994 17,379 12,541 37,237 3,056 2018 12,819 55,814 16,376 12,906 39,351 3,049 Note 7 Summarized Financial Data – Tengizchevroil LLP Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO). Refer to Note 14, beginning on page 69, for a discussion of TCO operations. Summarized financial information for 100 percent of TCO is presented in the table below: Sales and other operating revenues Costs and other deductions Net income attributable to TCO Current assets Other assets Current liabilities Other liabilities Total TCO net equity $ 2018 17,260 7,446 6,908 Year ended December 31 2017 13,363 6,507 4,841 $ 2016 10,460 6,822 2,563 At December 31 2018 2,374 34,727 3,069 6,357 27,675 $ $ 2017 4,239 26,411 2,517 6,266 21,867 $ $ $ Note 8 Fair Value Measurements The tables on the next page show the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017. Marketable Securities The company calculates fair value for its marketable securities based on quoted market prices for identical assets. The fair values reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were sold at December 31, 2018. Derivatives The company records its derivative instruments – other than any commodity derivative contracts that are designated as normal purchase and normal sale – on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, with the offsetting amount to the Consolidated Statement of Income. Derivatives classified as Level 1 include futures, swaps and options contracts traded in active markets such as the New York Mercantile Exchange. Derivatives classified as Level 2 include swaps, options and forward contracts principally with financial institutions and other oil and gas companies, the fair values of which are 63 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 63 143262_Financials.indd 63 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts obtained from third-party broker quotes, industry pricing services and exchanges. The company obtains multiple sources of pricing information for the Level 2 instruments. Since this pricing information is generated from observable market data, it has historically been very consistent. The company does not materially adjust this information. Properties, Plant and Equipment The company did not have any individually material impairments in 2018 or 2017. Investments and Advances The company did not have any individually material impairments of investments and advances in 2018 or 2017. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Marketable securities Derivatives Total assets at fair value Derivatives Total liabilities at fair value Total Level 1 At December 31, 2018 Level 3 Level 2 At December 31, 2017 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 $ $ $ 53 $ 283 336 $ 12 12 $ 53 $ 185 238 $ — — $ — $ 98 98 $ 12 12 $ — $ — — $ — 9 $ 22 31 $ 124 9 $ — 9 $ 78 — $ 124 $ 78 $ — $ 22 22 $ 46 46 $ — — — — — Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 At December 31 Before-Tax Loss Year 2018 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 At December 31 Before-Tax Loss Year 2017 Properties, plant and equipment, net (held and used) $ 102 $ — $ 62 $ 40 $ 97 $ 603 $ — $ — $ 603 $ Properties, plant and equipment, net (held for sale) Investments and advances 1,694 81 — 1,273 20 — 421 61 Total nonrecurring assets at fair value $ 1,877 $ — $ 1,355 $ 522 $ 638 69 804 1,378 28 — 1,378 1 — — 27 $ 2,009 $ — $ 1,379 $ 630 $ 1,047 658 363 26 Assets and Liabilities Not Required to Be Measured at Fair Value The company holds cash equivalents and time deposits in U.S. and non-U.S. portfolios. The instruments classified as cash equivalents are primarily bank time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less and money market funds. “Cash and cash equivalents” had carrying/fair values of $9,342 and $4,813 at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The instruments held in “Time deposits” are bank time deposits with maturities greater than 90 days and had carrying/fair values of $950 and zero at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair values of cash, cash equivalents and bank time deposits are classified as Level 1 and reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were settled at December 31, 2018. “Cash and cash equivalents” do not include investments with a carrying/fair value of $1,139 and $1,130 at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2018, these investments are classified as Level 1 and include restricted funds related to certain upstream abandonment activities, tax payments and a financing program, which are reported in “Deferred charges and other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Long-term debt, excluding capital lease obligations, of $18,706 and $23,477 at December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively, had estimated fair values of $18,729 and $23,943, respectively. Long-term debt primarily includes corporate issued bonds. The fair value of corporate bonds is $17,858 and classified as Level 1. The fair value of other long-term debt is $871 and classified as Level 2. The carrying values of short-term financial assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair values. Fair value remeasurements of other financial instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017, were not material. Note 9 Financial and Derivative Instruments Derivative Commodity Instruments The company’s derivative commodity instruments principally include crude oil, natural gas and refined product futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts. None of the company’s derivative instruments is designated as a hedging instrument, although certain of the company’s affiliates make such designation. The company’s derivatives are not material to the company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The company believes it has no material market or credit risks to its operations, financial position or liquidity as a result of its commodity derivative activities. 64 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 64 143262_Financials.indd 64 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The company uses derivative commodity instruments traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange and on electronic platforms of the Inter-Continental Exchange and Chicago Mercantile Exchange. In addition, the company enters into swap contracts and option contracts principally with major financial institutions and other oil and gas companies in the “over-the-counter” markets, which are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements and other master netting arrangements. Depending on the nature of the derivative transactions, bilateral collateral arrangements may also be required. Derivative instruments measured at fair value at December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, and their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income are below: Consolidated Balance Sheet: Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Type of Contract Balance Sheet Classification Commodity Commodity Accounts and notes receivable, net Long-term receivables, net Total assets at fair value Commodity Commodity Total liabilities at fair value Accounts payable Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations 2018 279 4 283 12 — 12 $ $ $ $ At December 31 2017 $ $ $ $ 22 — 22 122 2 124 Consolidated Statement of Income: The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments Type of Derivative Contract Commodity Commodity Commodity Statement of Income Classification Sales and other operating revenues Purchased crude oil and products Other income Gain/(Loss) Year ended December 31 2018 135 (33) 3 $ 105 $ 2017 (105) $ (9) (2) (116) $ $ $ 2016 (269) (31) — (300) The table below represents gross and net derivative assets and liabilities subject to netting agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Consolidated Balance Sheet: The Effect of Netting Derivative Assets and Liabilities At December 31, 2018 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities At December 31, 2017 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities Gross Amounts Recognized Gross Amounts Offset Net Amounts Presented Gross Amounts Not Offset Net Amounts $ $ $ $ 3,685 3,414 1,169 1,271 $ $ $ $ 3,402 3,402 1,147 1,147 $ $ $ $ 283 12 22 124 $ $ $ $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 283 12 22 124 Derivative assets and liabilities are classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as accounts and notes receivable, long-term receivables, accounts payable, and deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations. Amounts not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet represent positions that do not meet all the conditions for “a right of offset.” Concentrations of Credit Risk The company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of its cash equivalents, time deposits, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments and trade receivables. The company’s short-term investments are placed with a wide array of financial institutions with high credit ratings. Company investment policies limit the company’s exposure both to credit risk and to concentrations of credit risk. Similar policies on diversification and creditworthiness are applied to the company’s counterparties in derivative instruments. The trade receivable balances, reflecting the company’s diversified sources of revenue, are dispersed among the company’s broad customer base worldwide. As a result, the company believes concentrations of credit risk are limited. The company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. When the financial strength of a customer is not considered sufficient, alternative risk mitigation measures may be deployed, including requiring pre-payments, letters of credit or other acceptable collateral instruments to support sales to customers. 65 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 65 143262_Financials.indd 65 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 10 Assets Held for Sale At December 31, 2018, the company classified $1,863 of net properties, plant and equipment as “Assets held for sale” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These assets are primarily associated with upstream operations that are anticipated to be sold in the next 12 months. The revenues and earnings contributions of these assets in 2018 were not material. Note 11 Equity Retained earnings at December 31, 2018 and 2017, included approximately $22,362 and $18,473, respectively, for the company’s share of undistributed earnings of equity affiliates. At December 31, 2018, about 78 million shares of Chevron’s common stock remained available for issuance from the 260 million shares that were reserved for issuance under the Chevron Long-Term Incentive Plan. In addition, 748,211 shares remain available for issuance from the 1,600,000 shares of the company’s common stock that were reserved for awards under the Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan. Note 12 Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share (EPS) is based upon “Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation” (“earnings”) and includes the effects of deferrals of salary and other compensation awards that are invested in Chevron stock units by certain officers and employees of the company. Diluted EPS includes the effects of these items as well as the dilutive effects of outstanding stock options awarded under the company’s stock option programs (refer to Note 21, “Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation,” beginning on page 80). The table below sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS: Basic EPS Calculation Earnings available to common stockholders - Basic1 Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding2 Add: Deferred awards held as stock units Total weighted-average number of common shares outstanding Earnings per share of common stock - Basic Diluted EPS Calculation Earnings available to common stockholders - Diluted1 Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding2 Add: Deferred awards held as stock units Add: Dilutive effect of employee stock-based awards Total weighted-average number of common shares outstanding Earnings per share of common stock - Diluted Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 $ $ $ $ 14,824 $ 9,195 $ 1,897 1 1,898 1,882 1 1,883 7.81 $ 4.88 $ 14,824 $ 9,195 $ 1,897 1 16 1,914 1,882 1 15 1,898 7.74 $ 4.85 $ (497) 1,872 1 1,873 (0.27) (497) 1,872 1 — 1,873 (0.27) 1 There was no effect of dividend equivalents paid on stock units or dilutive impact of employee stock-based awards on earnings. 2 Millions of shares; 10 million shares of employee-based awards were not included in the 2016 diluted EPS calculation as the result would be anti-dilutive. Note 13 Operating Segments and Geographic Data Although each subsidiary of Chevron is responsible for its own affairs, Chevron Corporation manages its investments in these subsidiaries and their affiliates. The investments are grouped into two business segments, Upstream and Downstream, representing the company’s “reportable segments” and “operating segments.” Upstream operations consist primarily of exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and natural gas; liquefaction, transportation and regasification associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG); transporting crude oil by major international oil export pipelines; processing, transporting, storage and marketing of natural gas; and a gas-to-liquids plant. Downstream operations consist primarily of refining of crude oil into petroleum products; marketing of crude oil and refined products; transporting of crude oil and refined products by pipeline, marine vessel, motor equipment and rail car; and manufacturing and marketing of commodity petrochemicals, plastics for industrial uses, and fuel and lubricant additives. All Other activities of the company include worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, and technology companies. 66 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 66 143262_Financials.indd 66 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The company’s segments are managed by “segment managers” who report to the “chief operating decision maker” (CODM). The segments represent components of the company that engage in activities (a) from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM, which makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assesses their performance; and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. The company’s primary country of operation is the United States of America, its country of domicile. Other components of the company’s operations are reported as “International” (outside the United States). Segment Earnings The company evaluates the performance of its operating segments on an after-tax basis, without considering the effects of debt financing interest expense or investment interest income, both of which are managed by the company on a worldwide basis. Corporate administrative costs are not allocated to the operating segments. However, operating segments are billed for the direct use of corporate services. Nonbillable costs remain at the corporate level in “All Other.” Earnings by major operating area are presented in the following table: Year ended December 31 Upstream United States International Total Upstream Downstream United States International Total Downstream Total Segment Earnings All Other Interest expense Interest income Other $ $ 2018 3,278 10,038 13,316 2,103 1,695 3,798 17,114 (713) 137 (1,714) $ 2017 3,640 4,510 8,150 2,938 2,276 5,214 13,364 (264) 60 (3,965) Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation $ 14,824 $ 9,195 $ 2016 (2,054) (483) (2,537) 1,307 2,128 3,435 898 (168) 58 (1,285) (497) Segment Assets Segment assets do not include intercompany investments or receivables. Assets at year-end 2018 and 2017 are as follows: Upstream United States International Goodwill Total Upstream Downstream United States International Total Downstream Total Segment Assets All Other United States International Total All Other Total Assets – United States Total Assets – International Goodwill Total Assets At December 31 2018 2017 $ $ 42,594 153,861 4,518 200,973 23,866 15,622 39,488 240,461 5,100 8,302 13,402 71,560 177,785 4,518 $ 253,863 $ 40,770 159,612 4,531 204,913 23,202 17,434 40,636 245,549 4,938 3,319 8,257 68,910 180,365 4,531 253,806 Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues Operating segment sales and other operating revenues, including internal transfers, for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016, are presented in the table on the next page. Products are transferred between operating segments at internal product values that approximate market prices. Revenues for the upstream segment are derived primarily from the production and sale of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the sale of third-party production of natural gas. Revenues for the downstream segment are derived from the refining and 67 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 67 143262_Financials.indd 67 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts marketing of petroleum products such as gasoline, jet fuel, gas oils, lubricants, residual fuel oils and other products derived from crude oil. This segment also generates revenues from the manufacture and sale of fuel and lubricant additives and the transportation and trading of refined products and crude oil. “All Other” activities include revenues from insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies. Year ended December 311 Upstream United States Intersegment Total United States International Intersegment Total International Total Upstream Downstream United States Excise and similar taxes2 Intersegment Total United States International Excise and similar taxes2 Intersegment Total International Total Downstream All Other United States Intersegment Total United States International Intersegment Total International Total All Other Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues United States International Total Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues Elimination of intersegment sales Total Sales and Other Operating Revenues $ $ 2018 8,926 13,965 22,891 24,143 13,679 37,822 60,713 56,634 — 2,742 59,376 68,963 — 1,132 70,095 $ 2017 3,901 9,341 13,242 17,209 11,471 28,680 41,922 48,728 4,398 14 53,140 57,438 2,791 1,166 61,395 129,471 114,535 236 786 1,022 — 22 22 1,044 83,289 107,939 191,228 (32,326) 208 814 1,022 1 25 26 1,048 67,404 90,101 157,505 (22,831) $ 158,902 $ 134,674 $ 2016 3,148 7,217 10,365 13,262 9,518 22,780 33,145 40,366 4,335 16 44,717 46,388 2,570 1,068 50,026 94,743 145 960 1,105 1 36 37 1,142 56,187 72,843 129,030 (18,815) 110,215 1 Other than the United States, no other country accounted for 10 percent or more of the company’s Sales and Other Operating Revenues. 2 Netted in “Taxes other than on income” beginning in 2018 in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 25 beginning on page 88. Segment Income Taxes Segment income tax expense for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: Year ended December 31 Upstream United States International Total Upstream Downstream United States International Total Downstream All Other $ $ 2018 811 4,687 5,498 534 328 862 (645) 2017 (3,538) $ 2,249 (1,289) (419) 650 231 1,010 Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit) $ 5,715 $ (48) $ 2016 (1,172) 166 (1,006) 503 484 987 (1,710) (1,729) Other Segment Information Additional information for the segmentation of major equity affiliates is contained in Note 14, on page 69. Information related to properties, plant and equipment by segment is contained in Note 17, on page 77. 68 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 68 143262_Financials.indd 68 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 14 Investments and Advances Equity in earnings, together with investments in and advances to companies accounted for using the equity method and other investments accounted for at or below cost, is shown in the following table. For certain equity affiliates, Chevron pays its share of some income taxes directly. For such affiliates, the equity in earnings does not include these taxes, which are reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income as “Income tax expense.” Upstream Tengizchevroil Petropiar Petroboscan Caspian Pipeline Consortium Angola LNG Limited Other Total Upstream Downstream Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC GS Caltex Corporation Other Total Downstream All Other Other Total equity method Other non-equity method investments Total investments and advances Total United States Total International Investments and Advances At December 31 Equity in Earnings Year ended December 31 2018 16,017 1,361 1,315 1,022 2,496 1,541 23,752 6,218 3,924 1,383 11,525 (16) 35,261 285 35,546 7,500 28,046 $ $ $ $ $ 2017 13,121 1,152 1,080 1,151 2,625 1,714 20,843 6,200 3,826 1,251 11,277 (15) 32,105 392 32,497 7,582 24,915 $ $ $ $ 2018 3,614 317 357 170 172 19 4,649 1,034 373 273 1,680 (2) 6,327 1,033 5,294 $ $ $ $ $ 2017 2,581 175 154 155 27 104 3,196 723 290 230 1,243 (1) 4,438 $ 2016 1,380 326 (133) 145 (282) (193) 1,243 840 373 209 1,422 (4) 2,661 788 3,650 $ $ 802 1,859 $ $ $ $ Descriptions of major affiliates, including significant differences between the company’s carrying value of its investments and its underlying equity in the net assets of the affiliates, are as follows: Tengizchevroil Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Tengizchevroil (TCO), which operates the Tengiz and Korolev crude oil fields in Kazakhstan. At December 31, 2018, the company’s carrying value of its investment in TCO was about $120 higher than the amount of underlying equity in TCO’s net assets. This difference results from Chevron acquiring a portion of its interest in TCO at a value greater than the underlying book value for that portion of TCO’s net assets. Included in the investment is a loan to TCO to fund the development of the Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project with a balance of $2,060, including accrued interest. See Note 7, on page 63, for summarized financial information for 100 percent of TCO. Petropiar Chevron has a 30 percent interest in Petropiar, a joint stock company which operates the heavy oil Huyapari Field and upgrading project in Venezuela’s Orinoco Belt. At December 31, 2018, the company’s carrying value of its investment in Petropiar was approximately $136 less than the amount of underlying equity in Petropiar’s net assets. The difference represents the excess of Chevron’s underlying equity in Petropiar’s net assets over the net book value of the assets contributed to the venture. Petroboscan Chevron has a 39.2 percent interest in Petroboscan, a joint stock company which operates the Boscan Field in Venezuela. At December 31, 2018, the company’s carrying value of its investment in Petroboscan was approximately $97 higher than the amount of underlying equity in Petroboscan’s net assets. The difference reflects the excess of the net book value of the assets contributed by Chevron over its underlying equity in Petroboscan’s net assets. The company also has an outstanding long-term loan to Petroboscan of $626 at year-end 2018. Caspian Pipeline Consortium Chevron has a 15 percent interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, a variable interest entity, which provides the critical export route for crude oil from both TCO and Karachaganak. The company has investments and advances totaling $1,022, which includes long-term loans of $468 at year-end 2018. The loans were provided to fund 30 percent of the initial pipeline construction. The company is not the primary beneficiary of the consortium because it does not direct activities of the consortium and only receives its proportionate share of the financial returns. 69 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 69 143262_Financials.indd 69 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Angola LNG Limited Chevron has a 36.4 percent interest in Angola LNG Limited, which processes and liquefies natural gas produced in Angola for delivery to international markets. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC Chevron owns 50 percent of Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. The other half is owned by Phillips 66. GS Caltex Corporation Chevron owns 50 percent of GS Caltex Corporation, a joint venture with GS Energy. The joint venture imports, refines and markets petroleum products, petrochemicals and lubricants, predominantly in South Korea. Other Information “Sales and other operating revenues” on the Consolidated Statement of Income includes $10,378, $8,165 and $5,786 with affiliated companies for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. “Purchased crude oil and products” includes $6,598, $4,800 and $3,468 with affiliated companies for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. “Accounts and notes receivable” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet includes $884 and $1,141 due from affiliated companies at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. “Accounts payable” includes $631 and $498 due to affiliated companies at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following table provides summarized financial information on a 100 percent basis for all equity affiliates as well as Chevron’s total share, which includes Chevron’s net loans to affiliates of $3,402, $3,853 and $3,535 at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Year ended December 31 Total revenues Income before income tax expense Net income attributable to affiliates At December 31 Current assets Noncurrent assets Current liabilities Noncurrent liabilities $ $ $ $ 2018 84,469 16,693 13,321 32,657 87,614 26,006 20,000 2017 70,744 13,487 10,751 33,883 82,261 26,873 21,447 $ $ Affiliates 2016 59,253 6,587 5,127 33,406 75,258 24,793 22,671 $ $ $ $ 2018 40,679 6,755 6,384 12,813 36,369 9,843 4,446 Chevron Share $ $ 2017 33,460 5,712 4,468 13,568 32,643 10,201 4,224 2016 27,787 3,670 2,876 13,743 28,854 8,996 4,255 Total affiliates’ net equity $ 74,265 $ 67,824 $ 61,200 $ 34,893 $ 31,786 $ 29,346 Note 15 Litigation MTBE Chevron and many other companies in the petroleum industry have used methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive. Chevron is a party to seven pending lawsuits and claims, the majority of which involve numerous other petroleum marketers and refiners. Resolution of these lawsuits and claims may ultimately require the company to correct or ameliorate the alleged effects on the environment of prior release of MTBE by the company or other parties. Additional lawsuits and claims related to the use of MTBE, including personal-injury claims, may be filed in the future. The company’s ultimate exposure related to pending lawsuits and claims is not determinable. The company no longer uses MTBE in the manufacture of gasoline in the United States. Ecuador Background Chevron is a defendant in a civil lawsuit initiated in the Superior Court of Nueva Loja in Lago Agrio, Ecuador (“the provincial court”), in May 2003 by plaintiffs who claim to be representatives of certain residents of an area where an oil production consortium formerly had operations. The lawsuit alleges damage to the environment from the oil exploration and production operations and seeks unspecified damages to fund environmental remediation and restoration of the alleged environmental harm, plus a health monitoring program. Until 1992, Texaco Petroleum Company (Texpet), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc., was a minority member of this consortium with Petroecuador, the Ecuadorian state-owned oil company, as the majority partner; since 1990, the operations have been conducted solely by Petroecuador. At the conclusion of the consortium and following an independent third-party environmental audit of the concession area, Texpet entered into a formal agreement with the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador for Texpet to remediate specific sites assigned by the government in proportion to Texpet’s ownership share of the consortium. Pursuant to that agreement, Texpet conducted a three-year remediation program at a cost of $40. After certifying that the sites were properly remediated, the government granted Texpet and all related corporate entities a full release from any and all environmental liability arising from the consortium operations. Based on the history described above, Chevron believes that this lawsuit lacks legal or factual merit. As to matters of law, the company believes first, that the court lacks jurisdiction over Chevron; second, that the law under which plaintiffs bring the 70 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 70 143262_Financials.indd 70 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts action, enacted in 1999, cannot be applied retroactively; third, that the claims are barred by the statute of limitations in Ecuador; and, fourth, that the lawsuit is also barred by the releases from liability previously given to Texpet by the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador and by the pertinent provincial and municipal governments. With regard to the facts, the company believes that the evidence confirms that Texpet’s remediation was properly conducted and that the remaining environmental damage reflects Petroecuador’s failure to timely fulfill its legal obligations and Petroecuador’s further conduct since assuming full control over the operations. Lago Agrio Judgment On February 14, 2011, the provincial court rendered a judgment against Chevron. The court rejected Chevron’s defenses to the extent the court addressed them in its opinion. The judgment assessed approximately $8,600 in damages and approximately $900 as an award for the plaintiffs’ representatives. It also assessed an additional amount of approximately $8,600 in punitive damages unless the company issued a public apology within 15 days of the judgment, which Chevron did not do. On February 17, 2011, the plaintiffs appealed the judgment, seeking increased damages, and on March 11, 2011, Chevron appealed the judgment seeking to have the judgment nullified. On January 3, 2012, an appellate panel in the provincial court affirmed the February 14, 2011 decision and ordered that Chevron pay additional attorneys’ fees in the amount of “0.10% of the values that are derived from the decisional act of this judgment.” The plaintiffs filed a petition to clarify and amplify the appellate decision on January 6, 2012, and the provincial court issued a ruling in response on January 13, 2012, purporting to clarify and amplify its January 3, 2012 ruling, which included clarification that the deadline for the company to issue a public apology to avoid the additional amount of approximately $8,600 in punitive damages was within 15 days of the clarification ruling, or February 3, 2012. Chevron did not issue an apology because doing so might be mischaracterized as an admission of liability and would be contrary to facts and evidence submitted at trial. On January 20, 2012, Chevron appealed (called a petition for cassation) the appellate panel’s decision to Ecuador’s National Court of Justice (the National Court). On February 17, 2012, the appellate panel of the provincial court admitted Chevron’s cassation appeal in a procedural step necessary for the National Court to hear the appeal. On March 29, 2012, the matter was transferred from the provincial court to the National Court, and on November 22, 2012, the National Court agreed to hear Chevron’s cassation appeal. On August 3, 2012, the provincial court approved a court-appointed liquidator’s report on damages that calculated the total judgment in the case to be $19,100. On November 13, 2013, the National Court ratified the judgment but nullified the $8,600 punitive damage assessment, resulting in a judgment of $9,500. On December 23, 2013, Chevron appealed the decision to the Ecuador Constitutional Court, Ecuador’s highest court. The reporting justice of the Constitutional Court heard oral arguments on the appeal on July 16, 2015. On July 10, 2018, Ecuador’s Constitutional Court released a decision rejecting Chevron’s appeal, which sought to nullify the National Court’s judgment against Chevron. No further appeals are available in Ecuador. Lago Agrio Plaintiffs’ Enforcement Actions Chevron has no assets in Ecuador and the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ lawyers have stated in press releases and through other media that they will seek to enforce the Ecuadorian judgment in various countries and otherwise disrupt Chevron’s operations. On May 30, 2012, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed an action against Chevron Corporation, Chevron Canada Limited, and Chevron Canada Finance Limited in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada, seeking to recognize and enforce the Ecuadorian judgment. On May 1, 2013, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice held that the Court has jurisdiction over Chevron and Chevron Canada Limited for purposes of the action, but stayed the action due to the absence of evidence that Chevron Corporation has assets in Ontario. The Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed that decision and on December 17, 2013, the Court of Appeal for Ontario affirmed the lower court’s decision on jurisdiction and set aside the stay, allowing the recognition and enforcement action to be heard in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. Chevron appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of Canada and, on September 4, 2015, the Supreme Court dismissed the appeal and affirmed that the Ontario Superior Court of Justice has jurisdiction over Chevron and Chevron Canada Limited for purposes of the action. On January 20, 2017, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice granted Chevron Canada Limited’s and Chevron Corporation’s motions for summary judgment, concluding that the two companies are separate legal entities with separate rights and obligations. As a result, the Superior Court dismissed the recognition and enforcement claim against Chevron Canada Limited. Chevron Corporation still remains as a defendant in the action. On February 3, 2017, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed the Superior Court’s January 20, 2017 decision. On May 24, 2018, the Court of Appeal for Ontario upheld the Superior Court’s dismissal of Chevron Canada Limited from the case. On June 22, 2018, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed leave to appeal the decision of the Court of Appeal for Ontario to the Supreme Court of Canada. On June 27, 2012, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs filed a complaint against Chevron Corporation in the Superior Court of Justice in Brasilia, Brazil, seeking to recognize and enforce the Ecuadorian judgment. On May 13, 2015, the public prosecutor issued its nonbinding opinion and recommended that the Superior Court of Justice reject the plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement request, finding, among other things, that the Lago Agrio judgment was procured through fraud and corruption and cannot be recognized in Brazil because it violates Brazilian and international public order. On November 29, 2017, the Superior Court 71 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 71 143262_Financials.indd 71 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts of Justice issued a decision dismissing the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement proceeding based on jurisdictional grounds. On June 15, 2018, this decision became a final judgment in Brazil. On October 15, 2012, the provincial court issued an ex parte embargo order that purports to order the seizure of assets belonging to separate Chevron subsidiaries in Ecuador, Argentina and Colombia. On November 6, 2012, at the request of the Lago Agrio plaintiffs, a court in Argentina issued a Freeze Order against Chevron Argentina S.R.L. and another Chevron subsidiary, On January 30, 2013, an appellate court upheld the Freeze Order, but on June 4, 2013 the Supreme Court of Argentina revoked the Freeze Order in its entirety. On December 12, 2013, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs served Chevron with notice of their filing of an enforcement proceeding in the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina. Chevron filed its answer on February 27, 2014, to which the Lago Agrio plaintiffs responded on December 29, 2015. On April 19, 2016, the public prosecutor in Argentina issued a non-binding opinion recommending to the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina that in Argentina. On in Argentina issued a supplemental opinion reaffirming its previous February 24, 2017, recommendations. On November 1, 2017, the National Court, First Instance, of Argentina issued a decision dismissing the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement proceeding based on jurisdictional grounds. On November 2, 2017, the Lago Agrio plaintiffs appealed this decision to the Federal Civil Court of Appeals. On July 3, 2018, the Federal Civil Court of Appeals affirmed the National Court, First Instance’s, dismissal of the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement action based on jurisdictional grounds. On October 5, 2018, the Federal Civil Court of Appeals granted, in part, the admissibility of the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ appeal to the Supreme Court of Argentina. to recognize the Ecuadorian judgment the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ request the public prosecutor it reject Chevron continues to believe the Ecuadorian judgment is illegitimate and unenforceable in Ecuador, the United States and other countries. The company also believes the judgment is the product of fraud, and contrary to the legitimate scientific evidence. Chevron cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of any enforcement action. Chevron expects to continue a vigorous defense of any imposition of liability and to contest and defend any and all enforcement actions. Investment Treaty Arbitration Claims Chevron and Texpet Company’s Bilateral filed an arbitration claim in September 2009 against the Republic of Ecuador before an arbitral tribunal presiding in the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague under the Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The claim alleges violations of the Republic of Ecuador’s obligations under the United States–Ecuador Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and breaches of the settlement and release agreements between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet (described above), which are investment agreements protected by the BIT. Through the arbitration, Chevron and Texpet are seeking relief against the Republic of Ecuador, including a declaration that any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio litigation constitutes a violation of Ecuador’s obligations under the BIT. On January 25, 2012, the Tribunal issued its First Interim Measures Award requiring the Republic of Ecuador to take all measures at its disposal to suspend or cause to be suspended the enforcement or recognition within and outside of Ecuador of any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio case pending further order of the Tribunal. On February 16, 2012, the Tribunal issued a Second Interim Award mandating that the Republic of Ecuador take all measures necessary (whether by its judicial, legislative or executive branches) to suspend or cause to be suspended the enforcement and recognition within and outside of Ecuador of the judgment against Chevron. On February 27, 2012, the Tribunal issued a Third Interim Award confirming its jurisdiction to hear Chevron’s arbitration claims. On February 7, 2013, the Tribunal issued its Fourth Interim Award in which it declared that the Republic of Ecuador “has violated the First and Second Interim Awards under the [BIT], the UNCITRAL Rules and international law in regard to the finalization and enforcement subject to execution of the Lago Agrio Judgment within and outside Ecuador, including (but not limited to) Canada, Brazil and Argentina.” The Republic of Ecuador subsequently filed in the District Court of The Hague a request to set aside the Tribunal’s Interim Awards and the First Partial Award (described below), and on January 20, 2016, the District Court denied the Republic’s request. On April 13, 2016, the Republic of Ecuador appealed the decision. On July 18, 2017, the Appeals Court of The Hague denied the Republic’s appeal. On October 18, 2017, the Republic appealed the decision of the Appeals Court of The Hague to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. The Tribunal has divided the merits phase of the proceeding into three phases. On September 17, 2013, the Tribunal issued its First Partial Award from Phase One, finding that the settlement agreements between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet applied to Texpet and Chevron, released Texpet and Chevron from claims based on “collective” or “diffuse” rights arising from Texpet’s operations in the former concession area and precluded third parties from asserting collective/diffuse rights environmental claims relating to Texpet’s operations in the former concession area but did not preclude individual claims for personal harm. The Tribunal held a hearing on April 29-30, 2014, to address remaining issues relating to Phase One, and on March 12, 2015, it issued a nonbinding decision that the Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ complaint, on its face, includes claims not barred by the settlement agreement between the Republic of Ecuador and Texpet. In the same decision, the Tribunal deferred to Phase Two remaining issues from Phase One, including whether the Republic of Ecuador breached the 1995 settlement 72 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 72 143262_Financials.indd 72 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts agreement and the remedies that are available to Chevron and Texpet as a result of that breach. Phase Two issues were addressed at a hearing held in April and May 2015. On August 30, 2018, the Tribunal issued its Phase Two award in favor of Chevron and Texpet. The Tribunal unanimously held that the Ecuadorian judgment was procured through fraud, bribery and corruption and was based on claims that the Republic of Ecuador had settled and released in the mid-1990s, concluding that the Ecuadorian judgment “violates international public policy” and “should not be recognized or enforced by the courts of other States.” Specifically, the Tribunal found that (i) the Republic of Ecuador breached its obligations under the 1995 and 1998 settlement agreements releasing Texpet and its affiliates from public environmental claims (the same claims on which the Ecuadorian judgment was exclusively based) and (ii) the Republic of Ecuador committed a denial of justice under customary international law and under the fair and equitable treatment provision of the BIT due to the fraud and corruption in the Lago Agrio litigation. The Tribunal also found that Texpet satisfied its environmental remediation obligations with a $40 remediation program and that Ecuador certified that Texpet had performed all of its obligations under its settlement agreement. Among other things, the Tribunal ordered the Republic of Ecuador to: (a) take immediate steps to remove the status of enforceability from the Ecuadorian judgment; (b) promptly advise in writing any State where the Lago Agrio plaintiffs may be seeking the enforcement or recognition of the Ecuadorian judgment of the Tribunal’s declarations, orders and awards; (c) take measures to “wipe out all the consequences” of Ecuador’s “internationally wrongful acts in regard to the Ecuadorian judgment;” and (d) compensate Chevron for any injuries resulting from the Ecuadorian judgment. On December 10, 2018, the Republic of Ecuador filed in the District Court of The Hague a request to set aside the Tribunal’s Phase Two Award. The Tribunal has not set a date for Phase Three, the third and final phase of the arbitration, at which damages for Chevron’s injuries will be determined. Company’s RICO Action In February 2011, Chevron filed a civil lawsuit in the Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Lago Agrio plaintiffs and several of their lawyers, consultants and supporters, alleging violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act and other state laws. Through the civil lawsuit, Chevron sought relief that included a declaration that any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio litigation is the result of fraud and other unlawful conduct and is therefore unenforceable. The trial commenced on October 15, 2013 and concluded on November 22, 2013. On March 4, 2014, the Federal District Court entered a judgment in favor of Chevron, prohibiting the defendants from seeking to enforce the Lago Agrio judgment in the United States and further prohibiting them from profiting from their illegal acts. The defendants appealed the Federal District Court’s decision, and, on April 20, 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit heard oral arguments. On August 8, 2016, the Second Circuit issued a unanimous opinion affirming in full the judgment of the Federal District Court. On October 27, 2016, the Second Circuit denied the defendants’ petitions for en banc rehearing of the opinion on their appeal. On March 27, 2017, two of the defendants filed a petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Supreme Court. On June 19, 2017, the United States Supreme Court denied the defendants’ petition for a Writ of Certiorari. Management’s Assessment The ultimate outcome of the foregoing matters, including any financial effect on Chevron, remains uncertain. Management does not believe an estimate of a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss) can be made in this case. Due to the defects associated with the Ecuadorian judgment, management does not believe the judgment has any utility in calculating a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss). Moreover, the highly uncertain legal environment surrounding the case provides no basis for management to estimate a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss). 73 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 73 143262_Financials.indd 73 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 16 Taxes Income Taxes Income tax expense (benefit) U.S. federal Current Deferred State and local Current Deferred Total United States International Current Deferred Total International Total income tax expense (benefit) $ $ Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 $ (181) 738 (382) $ (2,561) 183 (16) 724 4,662 329 4,991 5,715 (97) 66 (2,974) 3,634 (708) 2,926 (623) (1,558) (15) (121) (2,317) 2,744 (2,156) 588 $ (48) $ (1,729) The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company’s effective income tax rate is detailed in the following table: Income (loss) before income taxes United States International Total income (loss) before income taxes Theoretical tax (at U.S. statutory rate of 21% - 2018, 35% - 2017 & 2016) Effect of U.S. tax reform Equity affiliate accounting effect Effect of income taxes from international operations* State and local taxes on income, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit Prior year tax adjustments, claims and settlements Tax credits Other U.S.* Total income tax expense (benefit) Effective income tax rate 2018 2017 2016 $ 4,730 15,845 20,575 4,321 (26) (1,526) 3,132 162 (51) (163) (134) $ (441) $ 9,662 9,221 3,227 (2,020) (1,373) (130) 39 (39) (199) 447 (4,317) 2,157 (2,160) (756) — (704) 608 (44) (349) (188) (296) $ 5,715 $ (48) $ (1,729) 27.8% (0.5)% 80.0% * Includes one-time tax costs (benefits) associated with changes in uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances. The 2018 increase in income tax charge of $5,763, from a benefit of $48 in 2017 to a charge of $5,715 in 2018, is a result of the year-over-year increase in total income before income tax expense, which is primarily due to higher crude oil realizations offset by lower gains on asset sales in 2018 compared to 2017. U.S. tax reform resulted in a benefit of $2,020 being recognized in 2017 reflecting the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities. The company’s effective tax rate changed from (0.5) percent in 2017 to 28 percent in 2018. The change in effective tax rate is a consequence of the mix effect resulting from the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arose in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions and the impact of U.S. tax reform to both the 2018 and 2017 results. As noted above, U.S. tax reform resulted in the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities in 2017. The U.S. tax return for 2017 was prepared and filed in 2018 and did not result in any material change to the the provisional amounts that were recognized in 2017, and the amounts are now considered final. 74 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 74 143262_Financials.indd 74 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The company records its deferred taxes on a tax-jurisdiction basis. The reported deferred tax balances are composed of the following: Deferred tax liabilities Properties, plant and equipment Investments and other Total deferred tax liabilities Deferred tax assets Foreign tax credits Asset retirement obligations/environmental reserves Employee benefits Deferred credits Tax loss carryforwards Other accrued liabilities Inventory Miscellaneous Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax assets valuation allowance Total deferred taxes, net At December 31 2018 2017 $ $ 20,159 4,943 25,102 (10,536) (5,328) (2,787) (1,373) (4,948) (595) (505) (3,481) (29,553) 15,973 11,522 $ $ 19,869 4,796 24,665 (11,872) (5,511) (3,129) (1,769) (5,463) (842) (336) (2,415) (31,337) 16,574 9,902 Deferred tax liabilities at the end of 2018 increased by approximately $400 from year-end 2017. The increase was primarily related to property, plant and equipment temporary differences. Deferred tax assets decreased by approximately $1,800 in 2018. The decrease primarily related to lower foreign tax credits and the utilization of tax loss carryforwards. The overall valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards, tax loss carryforwards and temporary differences. It reduces the deferred tax assets to amounts that are, in management’s assessment, more likely than not to be realized. At the end of 2018, the company had tax loss carryforwards of approximately $13,731 and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1,198, primarily related to various international tax jurisdictions. Whereas some of these tax loss carryforwards do not have an expiration date, others expire at various times from 2019 through 2036. U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $10,536 will expire between 2019 and 2028. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, deferred taxes were classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows: Deferred charges and other assets Noncurrent deferred income taxes Total deferred income taxes, net At December 31 2018 (4,399) 15,921 11,522 $ $ 2017 (4,750) 14,652 9,902 $ $ Enactment of U.S. tax reform in 2017 imposed a one-time U.S. federal tax on the deemed repatriation of unremitted earnings indefinitely reinvested abroad, which did not have a material impact on the company’s financial results. The indefinite reinvestment assertion continues to apply for the purpose of determining deferred tax liabilities for U.S. state and foreign withholding tax purposes. U.S. state and foreign withholding taxes are not accrued for unremitted earnings of international operations that have been or are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. Undistributed earnings of international consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates for which no deferred income tax provision has been made for possible future remittances totaled approximately $59,900 at December 31, 2018. This amount represents earnings reinvested as part of the company’s ongoing international business. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of state and foreign taxes that might be payable on the possible remittance of earnings that are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. The company does not anticipate incurring significant additional taxes on remittances of earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested. Uncertain Income Tax Positions The company recognizes a tax benefit in the financial statements for an uncertain tax position only if management’s assessment is that the position is “more likely than not” (i.e., a likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction based solely on the technical merits of the position. The term “tax position” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax return that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for interim or annual periods. 75 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 75 143262_Financials.indd 75 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The following table indicates the changes to the company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The term “unrecognized tax benefits” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to the differences between a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit measured and recognized in the financial statements. Interest and penalties are not included. Balance at January 1 $ Foreign currency effects Additions based on tax positions taken in current year Additions for tax positions taken in prior years Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years Settlements with taxing authorities in current year Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations $ 2018 4,828 (6) 239 153 (131) (13) — $ 2017 3,031 43 1,853 1,166 (90) (1,173) (2) Balance at December 31 $ 5,070 $ 4,828 $ 2016 3,042 1 245 181 (390) (36) (12) 3,031 Approximately 82 percent of the $5,070 of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2018, would have an impact on the effective tax rate if subsequently recognized. Certain of these unrecognized tax benefits relate to tax carryforwards that may require a full valuation allowance at the time of any such recognition. Tax positions for Chevron and its subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to income tax audits by many tax jurisdictions throughout the world. For the company’s major tax jurisdictions, examinations of tax returns for certain prior tax years had not been completed as of December 31, 2018. For these jurisdictions, the latest years for which income tax examinations had been finalized were as follows: United States – 2013, Nigeria – 2000, Australia – 2006 and Kazakhstan – 2007. The company engages in ongoing discussions with tax authorities regarding the resolution of tax matters in the various jurisdictions. Both the outcome of these tax matters and the timing of resolution and/or closure of the tax audits are highly uncertain. However, it is reasonably possible that developments on tax matters in certain tax jurisdictions may result in significant increases or decreases in the company’s total unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. Given the number of years that still remain subject to examination and the number of matters being examined in the various tax jurisdictions, the company is unable to estimate the range of possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits. On the Consolidated Statement of Income, the company reports interest and penalties related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions as “Income tax expense.” As of December 31, 2018, accruals of $33 for anticipated interest and penalty obligations were included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, compared with accruals of $178 as of year-end 2017. Income tax expense (benefit) associated with interest and penalties was $8, $(161) and $38 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Taxes Other Than on Income Year ended December 31 United States Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise* Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties* Import duties and other levies Property and other miscellaneous taxes Payroll taxes Taxes on production Total United States International Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise* Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties* Import duties and other levies Property and other miscellaneous taxes Payroll taxes Taxes on production Total International Total taxes other than on income 2018 4,830 (4,830) 15 1,577 246 325 2,163 3,031 (3,031) 37 2,370 132 165 2,704 4,867 $ $ $ $ 2017 4,398 — 11 1,824 241 206 6,680 2,791 — 45 2,563 137 115 5,651 2016 4,335 — 9 1,680 252 159 6,435 2,570 — 33 2,379 145 106 5,233 $ 12,331 $ 11,668 * Beginning in 2018, these taxes are netted in “Taxes other than on income” in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 25, “Revenue” beginning on page 88. 76 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 76 143262_Financials.indd 76 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 17 Properties, Plant and Equipment1 Gross Investment at Cost At December 31 Net Investment Additions at Cost2 Depreciation Expense3 Year ended December 31 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Upstream United States International $ 88,155 $ 84,602 $ 83,929 214,557 224,211 215,329 $ 39,526 $ 38,722 $ 39,710 125,502 123,191 113,603 $ 6,434 $ 4,995 $ 4,432 12,084 7,934 4,865 $ 5,328 $ 12,726 5,527 $ 12,096 6,576 11,247 Total Upstream 303,484 308,813 298,486 153,129 161,913 165,212 11,299 12,929 16,516 18,054 17,623 17,823 Downstream United States International Total Downstream All Other United States International Total All Other 24,685 7,237 31,922 23,598 7,094 22,795 9,350 30,692 32,145 10,838 3,023 13,861 10,346 3,074 10,196 4,094 13,420 14,290 1,259 278 1,537 907 306 1,213 4,667 171 4,838 4,798 182 4,980 5,263 183 5,446 2,186 31 2,217 2,341 38 2,379 2,635 49 2,684 224 6 230 218 4 222 528 375 903 198 6 204 751 282 753 282 956 332 1,033 1,035 1,288 320 12 332 677 14 691 328 18 346 Total United States Total International 117,507 222,737 112,998 231,487 111,987 224,090 52,550 116,657 51,409 126,303 52,541 129,645 7,917 5,149 6,120 8,244 5,158 12,465 6,399 13,020 6,957 12,392 7,860 11,597 Total $ 340,244 $344,485 $336,077 $ 169,207 $177,712 $182,186 $13,066 $14,364 $17,623 $ 19,419 $ 19,349 $ 19,457 1 Other than the United States and Australia, no other country accounted for 10 percent or more of the company’s net properties, plant and equipment (PP&E) in 2018. Australia had PP&E of $53,768, $55,514 and $53,962 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 2 Net of dry hole expense related to prior years’ expenditures of $343, $42 and $175 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 3 Depreciation expense includes accretion expense of $654, $668 and $749 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and impairments of $735, $1,021 and $3,186 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Note 18 Short-Term Debt Commercial paper1 Notes payable to banks and others with originating terms of one year or less Current maturities of long-term debt2 Current maturities of long-term capital leases Redeemable long-term obligations Long-term debt Capital leases Subtotal Reclassified to long-term debt Total short-term debt At December 31 $ 2018 7,503 28 4,999 18 3,078 — $ 2017 5,379 — 6,720 15 3,078 — 15,626 (9,900) 15,192 (10,000) $ 5,726 $ 5,192 1 Weighted-average interest rates at December 31, 2018 and 2017, were 2.43 percent and 1.30 percent, respectively. 2 Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs: $1 in 2018 and $2 in 2017. Redeemable long-term obligations consist primarily of tax-exempt variable-rate put bonds that are included as current liabilities because they become redeemable at the option of the bondholders during the year following the balance sheet date. The company may periodically enter into interest rate swaps on a portion of its short-term debt. At December 31, 2018, the company had no interest rate swaps on short-term debt. At December 31, 2018, the company had $9,900 in committed credit facilities with various major banks that enable the refinancing of short-term obligations on a long-term basis. The credit facilities consist of a 364-day facility which enables borrowing of up to $9,575 and allows the company to convert any amounts outstanding into a term loan for a period of up to one year, and a $325 five-year facility expiring in December 2020. These facilities support commercial paper borrowing and can also be used for general corporate purposes. The company’s practice has been to continually replace expiring commitments with new commitments on substantially the same terms, maintaining levels management believes appropriate. Any borrowings under the facilities would be unsecured indebtedness at interest rates based on the London Interbank Offered Rate or an average of base lending rates published by specified banks and on terms reflecting the company’s strong credit rating. No borrowings were outstanding under these facilities at December 31, 2018. 77 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 77 143262_Financials.indd 77 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The company classified $9,900 and $10,000 of short-term debt as long-term at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Settlement of these obligations is not expected to require the use of working capital within one year, and the company has both the intent and the ability, as evidenced by committed credit facilities, to refinance them on a long-term basis. Note 19 Long-Term Debt Total long-term debt including capital lease obligations at December 31, 2018, was $28,733. The company’s long-term debt outstanding at year-end 2018 and 2017 was as follows: 3.191% notes due 2023 2.954% notes due 2026 2.355% notes due 2022 1.961% notes due 2020 4.950% notes due 2019 1.561% notes due 2019 2.100% notes due 2021 2.419% notes due 2020 2.427% notes due 2020 2.895% notes due 2024 Floating rate notes due 2019 (2.905%)1 2.193% notes due 2019 2.566% notes due 2023 3.326% notes due 2025 2.498% notes due 2022 2.411% notes due 2022 Floating rate notes due 2021 (3.313%)1 Floating rate notes due 2022 (3.245%)1 1.991% notes due 2020 1.686% notes due 2019 Floating rate notes due 2020 (2.948%)2 3.400% loan3 8.625% debentures due 2032 8.625% debentures due 2031 8.000% debentures due 2032 9.750% debentures due 2020 8.875% debentures due 2021 Medium-term notes, maturing from 2021 to 2038 (6.629%)1 1.718% notes due 2018 1.365% notes due 2018 Floating rate notes due 2018 1.790% notes due 2018 Amortizing bank loan due 2018 Total including debt due within one year Debt due within one year Reclassified from short-term debt Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs Capital lease obligations4 Total long-term debt 1 Weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2018. 2 Interest rate at December 31, 2018. $ At December 31 2018 Principal 2017 Principal $ 2,250 2,250 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,350 1,350 1,250 1,000 1,000 850 750 750 750 700 700 650 650 600 550 400 218 147 108 75 54 40 38 — — — — — 2,250 2,250 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,350 1,350 1,250 1,000 1,000 850 750 750 750 700 700 650 650 600 550 400 — 147 108 75 54 40 38 2,000 1,750 1,650 1,250 72 23,730 (5,000) 9,900 (24) 127 30,234 (6,722) 10,000 (35) 94 $ 28,733 $ 33,571 3 Maturity date is conditional upon the occurrence of certain events. 2021 is the earliest period in which the loan may become payable. 4 For details on capital lease obligations, see Note 5 beginning on page 62. Chevron has an automatic shelf registration statement that expires in May 2021. This registration statement is for an unspecified amount of nonconvertible debt securities issued or guaranteed by the company. Long-term debt excluding capital lease obligations with a principal balance of $23,730 matures as follows: 2019 – $5,000; 2020 – $5,054; 2021 – $2,272; 2022 – $4,050; 2023 – $3,003; and after 2023 – $4,351. See Note 8, beginning on page 63, for information concerning the fair value of the company’s long-term debt. 78 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 78 143262_Financials.indd 78 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 20 Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells The company continues to capitalize exploratory well costs after the completion of drilling when (a) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify completion as a producing well, and (b) the business unit is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If either condition is not met or if the company obtains information that raises substantial doubt about the economic or operational viability of the project, the exploratory well would be assumed to be impaired, and its costs, net of any salvage value, would be charged to expense. The following table indicates the changes to the company’s suspended exploratory well costs for the three years ended December 31, 2018: Beginning balance at January 1 Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves Reclassifications to wells, facilities and equipment based on the determination of proved reserves Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to expense Other reductions* Ending balance at December 31 * Represents property sales. $ 2018 3,702 207 (13) (333) — $ $ 2017 3,540 323 (113) (39) (9) 2016 3,312 465 (119) (118) — $ 3,563 $ 3,702 $ 3,540 The following table provides an aging of capitalized well costs and the number of projects for which exploratory well costs have been capitalized for a period greater than one year since the completion of drilling. Exploratory well costs capitalized for a period of one year or less Exploratory well costs capitalized for a period greater than one year Balance at December 31 Number of projects with exploratory well costs that have been capitalized for a period greater than one year* * Certain projects have multiple wells or fields or both. $ $ 2018 202 3,361 3,563 30 At December 31 $ $ 2017 307 3,395 3,702 32 $ $ 2016 445 3,095 3,540 35 Of the $3,361 of exploratory well costs capitalized for more than one year at December 31, 2018, $1,585 (14 projects) is related to projects that had drilling activities underway or firmly planned for the near future. The $1,776 balance is related to 16 projects in areas requiring a major capital expenditure before production could begin and for which additional drilling efforts were not underway or firmly planned for the near future. Additional drilling was not deemed necessary because the presence of hydrocarbons had already been established, and other activities were in process to enable a future decision on project development. The projects for the $1,776 referenced above had the following activities associated with assessing the reserves and the projects’ economic viability: (a) $672 (three projects) – undergoing front-end engineering and design with final investment decision expected within four years; (b) $93 (one project) – development concept under review by government; (c) $963 (eight projects) – development alternatives under review; (d) $48 (four projects) – miscellaneous activities for projects with smaller amounts suspended. While progress was being made on all 30 projects, the decision on the recognition of proved reserves under SEC rules in some cases may not occur for several years because of the complexity, scale and negotiations associated with the projects. More than half of these decisions are expected to occur in the next five years. The $3,361 of suspended well costs capitalized for a period greater than one year as of December 31, 2018, represents 153 exploratory wells in 30 projects. The tables below contain the aging of these costs on a well and project basis: Aging based on drilling completion date of individual wells: Number of wells Amount 1998-2007 2008-2012 2013-2017 Total Aging based on drilling completion date of last suspended well in project: 2003-2010 2011-2014 2015-2018 Total $ $ $ $ 410 1,076 1,875 3,361 31 61 61 153 Amount Number of projects 338 894 2,129 3,361 5 10 15 30 79 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 79 143262_Financials.indd 79 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 21 Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation Compensation expense for stock options for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $105 ($83 after tax), $137 ($89 after tax) and $271 ($176 after tax), respectively. In addition, compensation expense for stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance shares and restricted stock units was $60 ($47 after tax), $231 ($150 after tax) and $371 ($241 after tax) for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No significant stock-based compensation cost was capitalized at December 31, 2018, or December 31, 2017. Cash received in payment for option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $1,159, $1,100 and $647, respectively. Actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions from option exercises were $43, $48 and $21 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash paid to settle performance shares, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights was $157, $187 and $82 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Awards under the Chevron Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) may take the form of, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and nonstock grants. From April 2004 through May 2023, no more than 260 million shares may be issued under the LTIP. For awards issued on or after May 29, 2013, no more than 50 million of those shares may be in a form other than a stock option, stock appreciation right or award requiring full payment for shares by the award recipient. For the major types of awards issued before January 1, 2017, the contractual terms vary between three years for the performance shares and restricted stock units, and 10 years for the stock options and stock appreciation rights. For awards issued after January 1, 2017, contractual terms vary between three years for the performance shares and special restricted stock units, five years for standard restricted stock units and 10 years for the stock options and stock appreciation rights. Forfeitures for performance shares, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights are recognized as they occur. Forfeitures for stock options are estimated using historical forfeiture data dating back to 1990. The fair market values of stock options and stock appreciation rights granted in 2018, 2017 and 2016 were measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions: Expected term in years1 Volatility2 Risk-free interest rate based on zero coupon U.S. treasury note Dividend yield Weighted-average fair value per option granted 2018 6.5 21.2 % 2.6 % 3.8 % Year ended December 31 2017 2016 6.3 21.7 % 2.2 % 4.2 % 6.3 21.7 % 1.6 % 4.5 % 9.53 $ 18.18 $ 15.31 $ 1 Expected term is based on historical exercise and post-vesting cancellation data. 2 Volatility rate is based on historical stock prices over an appropriate period, generally equal to the expected term. A summary of option activity during 2018 is presented below: Shares (Thousands) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Averaged Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2018 Granted Exercised Forfeited Outstanding at December 31, 2018 Exercisable at December 31, 2018 103,765 4,665 (12,991) (715) 94,724 81,074 $ $ $ $ $ $ 97.40 125.35 88.11 115.25 99.92 99.34 5.07 4.60 $ $ 1,101 933 The total intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the exercise price and the market price) of options exercised during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $506, $407 and $240, respectively. During this period, the company continued its practice of issuing treasury shares upon exercise of these awards. As of December 31, 2018, there was $53 of total unrecognized before-tax compensation cost related to nonvested share- based compensation arrangements granted under the plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. At January 1, 2018, the number of LTIP performance shares outstanding was equivalent to 3,090,793 shares. During 2018, 1,491,141 performance shares were granted, 746,450 shares vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 165,754 shares were forfeited. At December 31, 2018, performance shares outstanding were 3,669,730. The fair value of the liability recorded for these instruments was $258, and was measured using the Monte Carlo simulation method. 80 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 80 143262_Financials.indd 80 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts At January 1, 2018, the number of restricted stock units outstanding was equivalent to 1,236,500 shares. During 2018, 819,769 restricted stock units were granted, 222,946 units vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 95,844 units were forfeited. At December 31, 2018, restricted stock units outstanding were 1,737,479. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments was $125, valued at the stock price as of December 31, 2018. In addition, outstanding stock appreciation rights that were granted under LTIP totaled approximately 4.2 million equivalent shares as of December 31, 2018. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments was $70. Note 22 Employee Benefit Plans The company has defined benefit pension plans for many employees. The company typically prefunds defined benefit plans as required by local regulations or in certain situations where prefunding provides economic advantages. In the United States, all qualified plans are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) minimum funding standard. The company does not typically fund U.S. nonqualified pension plans that are not subject to funding requirements under laws and regulations because contributions to these pension plans may be less economic and investment returns may be less attractive than the company’s other investment alternatives. The company also sponsors other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans that provide medical and dental benefits, as well as life insurance for some active and qualifying retired employees. The plans are unfunded, and the company and retirees share the costs. For the company’s main U.S. medical plan, the increase to the pre-Medicare company contribution for retiree medical coverage is limited to no more than 4 percent each year. Certain life insurance benefits are paid by the company. The company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of each of its defined benefit pension and OPEB plans as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The funded status of the company’s pension and OPEB plans for 2018 and 2017 follows: Pension Benefits Change in Benefit Obligation Benefit obligation at January 1 Service cost Interest cost Plan participants’ contributions Plan amendments Actuarial (gain) loss Foreign currency exchange rate changes Benefits paid Divestitures Benefit obligation at December 31 Change in Plan Assets Fair value of plan assets at January 1 Actual return on plan assets Foreign currency exchange rate changes Employer contributions Plan participants’ contributions Benefits paid Divestitures Fair value of plan assets at December 31 $ $ U.S. 13,580 480 370 — — (1,051) — (1,653) — 11,726 9,948 (566) — 803 — (1,653) — 8,532 2018 Int’l. 5,540 141 206 4 23 (239) (227) (432) (196) 4,820 4,766 (9) (221) 232 4 (432) (198) 4,142 $ $ U.S. 13,271 489 366 — — 1,168 — (1,714) — 13,580 9,550 1,384 — 728 — (1,714) — 9,948 Funded status at December 31 $ (3,194) $ (678) $ (3,632) $ 2017 Int’l. 5,169 151 219 4 1 (37) 374 (310) (31) 5,540 4,174 319 358 252 4 (310) (31) 4,766 (774) $ Other Benefits 2018 2017 2,788 42 94 71 2 (272) (9) (237) (49) 2,430 — — — 166 71 (237) — — $ 2,549 32 95 78 — 266 10 (229) (13) 2,788 — — — 151 78 (229) — — $ (2,430) $ (2,788) Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the company’s pension and OPEB plans at December 31, 2018 and 2017, include: Deferred charges and other assets Accrued liabilities Noncurrent employee benefit plans Net amount recognized at December 31 U.S. 17 (180) (3,031) $ 2018 Int’l. 412 (66) (1,024) (3,194) $ (678) $ $ $ $ Pension Benefits 2017 U.S. 21 (188) (3,465) $ Int’l. 448 (100) (1,122) (3,632) $ (774) Other Benefits 2017 — (174) (2,614) (2,788) $ $ 2018 — (175) (2,255) (2,430) $ $ 81 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 81 143262_Financials.indd 81 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Amounts recognized on a before-tax basis in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for the company’s pension and OPEB plans were $4,448 and $5,286 at the end of 2018 and 2017, respectively. These amounts consisted of: Net actuarial loss Prior service (credit) costs Total recognized at December 31 Pension Benefits U.S. 3,694 7 3,701 $ $ $ $ 2018 Int’l. 955 104 1,059 U.S. 4,258 9 4,267 $ $ $ $ 2017 Int’l. 1,005 94 1,099 Other Benefits 2018 (56) (256) (312) $ $ 2017 207 (287) (80) $ $ The accumulated benefit obligations for all U.S. and international pension plans were $10,514 and $4,360, respectively, at December 31, 2018, and $12,194 and $5,009, respectively, at December 31, 2017. Information for U.S. and international pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, was: Projected benefit obligations Accumulated benefit obligations Fair value of plan assets Pension Benefits $ U.S. 11,667 10,456 8,456 $ 2018 Int’l. 1,277 1,062 198 $ U.S. 13,514 12,129 9,862 $ 2017 Int’l. 1,590 1,326 413 The components of net periodic benefit cost and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for 2018, 2017 and 2016 are shown in the table below: Net Periodic Benefit Cost Service cost Interest cost Expected return on plan assets Amortization of prior service costs (credits) Recognized actuarial losses Settlement losses Curtailment losses (gains) 2018 Int’l. $ 141 206 (253) 10 29 33 3 $ U.S. 480 370 (636) 2 304 411 — $ $ U.S. 489 366 (597) (5) 340 436 — Total net periodic benefit cost 931 169 1,029 Changes Recognized in Comprehensive Income Net actuarial (gain) loss during period Amortization of actuarial loss Prior service (credits) costs during period Amortization of prior service (costs) credits Total changes recognized in other comprehensive income Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other 151 (715) — (2) 12 (62) 23 (13) 381 (776) — 5 Pension Benefits 2017 Int’l. 151 219 (239) 13 44 2 — 190 (94) (46) 1 (13) $ U.S. 494 377 (723) (9) 335 511 — 985 690 (846) — 9 $ 2016 Int’l. 159 261 (243) 14 47 6 — 244 55 (53) — (14) Other Benefits 2018 2017 2016 $ 42 94 — (28) 15 — — $ $ 32 95 — (28) (5) — — 123 94 (248) (15) 3 28 284 5 — 28 60 128 — 14 19 — — 221 (430) (19) (345) (14) (566) (40) (390) (152) (147) (12) (232) 317 (808) Comprehensive Income $ 365 $ 129 $ 639 $ 38 $ 838 $ 232 $ (109) $411 $ (587) Net actuarial losses recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at December 31, 2018, for the company’s U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans are being amortized on a straight-line basis over approximately 10, 12 and 13 years, respectively. These amortization periods represent the estimated average remaining service of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. These losses are amortized to the extent they exceed 10 percent of the higher of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets. The amount subject to amortization is determined on a plan-by-plan basis. During 2019, the company estimates actuarial losses of $239, $19 and $(3) will be amortized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans, respectively. In addition, the company estimates an additional $290 will be recognized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” during 2019 related to lump-sum settlement costs from the main U.S. pension plans. The weighted average amortization period for recognizing prior service costs (credits) recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at December 31, 2018, was approximately 4 and 8 years for U.S. and international pension plans, respectively, and 8 years for OPEB plans. During 2019, the company estimates prior service (credits) costs of $2, $12 and 82 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 82 143262_Financials.indd 82 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts $(28) will be amortized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans, respectively. Assumptions The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs for years ended December 31: 2018 Int’l. 2017 Int’l. 2016 Int’l. U.S. U.S. U.S. Other Benefits 2018 2017 2016 Pension Benefits Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate Rate of compensation increase Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: Discount rate for service cost Discount rate for interest cost Expected return on plan assets Rate of compensation increase 4.2% 4.4% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.9% 3.9% 4.3% 4.5% 4.0% 4.5% 4.5% 3.7% 3.9% 3.0% 3.9% 6.8% 5.5% 4.5% 4.0% 4.2% 4.3% 4.4% 5.3% 3.0% 4.3% 3.0% 5.3% 6.8% 5.5% 7.3% 6.3% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 4.8% 4.4% N/A 3.9% 3.5% N/A N/A 3.8% N/A 4.6% 3.8% N/A N/A 4.3% N/A 4.9% 4.0% N/A N/A Expected Return on Plan Assets The company’s estimated long-term rates of return on pension assets are driven primarily by actual historical asset-class returns, an assessment of expected future performance, advice from external actuarial firms and the incorporation of specific asset-class risk factors. Asset allocations are periodically updated using pension plan asset/ liability studies, and the company’s estimated long-term rates of return are consistent with these studies. For 2018, the company used an expected long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent for U.S. pension plan assets, which account for 67 percent of the company’s pension plan assets. In 2017, the company used a long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent for these plans, and in 2016, 7.25 percent. The market-related value of assets of the main U.S. pension plan used in the determination of pension expense was based on the market values in the three months preceding the year-end measurement date. Management considers the three-month time period long enough to minimize the effects of distortions from day-to-day market volatility and still be contemporaneous to the end of the year. For other plans, market value of assets as of year-end is used in calculating the pension expense. Discount Rate The discount rate assumptions used to determine the U.S. and international pension and OPEB plan obligations and expense reflect the rate at which benefits could be effectively settled, and are equal to the equivalent single rate resulting from yield curve analysis. This analysis considered the projected benefit payments specific to the company’s plans and the yields on high-quality bonds. The projected cash flows were discounted to the valuation date using the yield curve for the main U.S. pension and OPEB plans. The effective discount rates derived from this analysis at the end of 2018 were 4.2 percent for the main U.S. pension plan and 4.3 percent for the main U.S. OPEB plan. The discount rates for these plans at the end of 2017 were 3.5 and 3.6 percent, respectively, while in 2016 they were 3.9 and 4.1 percent for these plans, respectively. Other Benefit Assumptions Assumed health care cost-trend rates can have a significant effect on the amounts reported for retiree health care costs. For the measurement of accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2018, for the main U.S. OPEB plan, the assumed health care cost-trend rates start with 7.2 percent in 2019 and gradually decline to 4.5 percent for 2025 and beyond. For this measurement at December 31, 2017, the assumed health care cost-trend rates started with 7.4 percent in 2018 and gradually declined to 4.5 percent for 2025 and beyond. A 1-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost-trend rates would have the following effects on worldwide plans: Effect on total service and interest cost components Effect on postretirement benefit obligation Plan Assets and Investment Strategy 1 Percent Increase 1 Percent Decrease $ $ 12 197 $ $ (10) (156) The fair value measurements of the company’s pension plans for 2018 and 2017 are on the following page: 83 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 83 143262_Financials.indd 83 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 U.S. NAV Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Int’l. NAV $ $ $ At December 31, 2017 Equities U.S.1 International Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2 Fixed Income Government Corporate Bank Loans Mortgage/Asset Backed Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2 Mixed Funds3 Real Estate4 Alternative Investments5 Cash and Cash Equivalents Other6 $ 1,331 $ 2,060 1,089 1,331 $ 2,057 22 — — $ — — 3 — — 1,067 — 274 1,492 117 1 1,130 — 1,096 1,022 260 76 — — — — — — — — 255 (2) 274 1,492 106 1 — — — — 5 28 — — — — — 11 — — — 1,130 — — — 1,096 — 1,022 — — 7 43 Total at December 31, 2017 $ 9,948 $ 3,663 $ 1,909 $ 54 4,322 At December 31, 2018 Equities U.S.1 International Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2 Fixed Income Government Corporate Bank Loans Mortgage/Asset Backed Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2 Mixed Funds3 Real Estate4 Alternative Investments5 Cash and Cash Equivalents Other6 $ 1,110 $ 1,631 893 1,110 $ 1,630 21 — $ — $ — — — 1 872 — — 225 1,382 119 1 877 — 1,065 941 212 76 — — — — — — — — 208 (4) 225 1,382 114 1 — — — — 4 31 — — — — — 5 — — 877 — — — — 1,065 941 — — — 5 44 652 $ 691 204 651 $ 691 19 1 $ — $ — — — — 181 — 4 296 593 — 8 1,481 80 376 — 366 19 77 — — — — 1 — — 362 (2) 219 563 — 8 16 79 — — 4 18 — — — 30 — — — — — 1,465 — — 320 56 — — — — — 3 4,766 $ 1,799 $ 912 $ 89 $ 1,966 520 $ 521 152 254 409 — 6 1,521 74 378 — 287 20 520 $ — $ — $ — 520 — 143 9 1 — — — 97 — — — 15 3 — — 277 — 157 389 — 6 — 71 — — 2 17 — — — 20 — — — — — 1,506 — — 322 56 — — 8 — — 3 Total at December 31, 2018 $ 8,532 $ 2,965 $ 1,758 $ 49 $ 3,760 $ 4,142 $ 1,441 $ 642 $ 80 $ 1,979 1 U.S. equities include investments in the company’s common stock in the amount of $9 at December 31, 2018, and $12 at December 31, 2017. 2 Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds for U.S. plans are entirely index funds; for International plans, they are mostly unit trust and index funds. 3 Mixed funds are composed of funds that invest in both equity and fixed-income instruments in order to diversify and lower risk. 4 The year-end valuations of the U.S. real estate assets are based on third-party appraisals that occur at least once a year for each property in the portfolio. 5 Alternative investments focus on market-neutral strategies that have a low expected correlation to traditional asset classes. 6 The “Other” asset class includes net payables for securities purchased but not yet settled (Level 1); dividends and interest- and tax-related receivables (Level 2); insurance contracts (Level 3); and investments in private-equity limited partnerships (NAV). The effects of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in Level 3 plan assets are outlined below: Total at December 31, 2016 Actual Return on Plan Assets: Assets held at the reporting date Assets sold during the period Purchases, Sales and Settlements Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 Total at December 31, 2017 Actual Return on Plan Assets: Assets held at the reporting date Assets sold during the period Purchases, Sales and Settlements Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 Total at December 31, 2018 Equity Fixed Income International Corporate Bank Loans Real Estate Other $ $ $ — — — — — — 4 (4) — 1 1 $ $ $ 19 1 — 10 — 30 (2) — (7) — 21 $ 11 $ 60 $ — — 3 (3) 11 — — (4) (2) 5 $ $ 1 — (5) — 56 13 — (13) — $ 56 $ $ $ 44 — — 2 — 46 — — — — 46 Total 134 $ 2 — 10 (3) $ 143 15 (4) (24) (1) 129 $ 84 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 84 143262_Financials.indd 84 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts The primary investment objectives of the pension plans are to achieve the highest rate of total return within prudent levels of risk and liquidity, to diversify and mitigate potential downside risk associated with the investments, and to provide adequate liquidity for benefit payments and portfolio management. The company’s U.S. and U.K. pension plans comprise 91 percent of the total pension assets. Both the U.S. and U.K. plans have an Investment Committee that regularly meets during the year to review the asset holdings and their returns. To assess the plans’ investment performance, long-term asset allocation policy benchmarks have been established. For the primary U.S. pension plan, the company’s Investment Committee has established the following approved asset allocation ranges: Equities 30–60 percent, Fixed Income and Cash 20–65 percent, Real Estate 0–15 percent, and Alternative Investments 0–15 percent. For the U.K. pension plan, the U.K. Board of Trustees has established the following asset allocation guidelines: Equities 25–45 percent, Fixed Income and Cash 40–75 percent, and Real Estate 5–15 percent. The other significant international pension plans also have established maximum and minimum asset allocation ranges that vary by plan. Actual asset allocation within approved ranges is based on a variety of factors, including market conditions and illiquidity constraints. To mitigate concentration and other risks, assets are invested across multiple asset classes with active investment managers and passive index funds. The company does not prefund its OPEB obligations. Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments In 2018, the company contributed $803 and $232 to its U.S. and international pension plans, respectively. In 2019, the company expects contributions to be approximately $700 to its U.S. plans and $200 to its international pension plans. Actual contribution amounts are dependent upon investment returns, changes in pension obligations, regulatory environments, tax law changes and other economic factors. Additional funding may ultimately be required if investment returns are insufficient to offset increases in plan obligations. The company anticipates paying OPEB benefits of approximately $175 in 2019; $166 was paid in 2018. The following benefit payments, which include estimated future service, are expected to be paid by the company in the next 10 years: 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-2028 Pension Benefits U.S. 1,310 1,240 1,170 1,145 1,118 4,972 $ $ $ $ $ $ Int’l. 271 266 577 228 234 1,392 Other Benefits $ $ $ $ $ $ 175 172 171 168 166 795 $ $ $ $ $ $ Employee Savings Investment Plan Eligible employees of Chevron and certain of its subsidiaries participate in the Chevron Employee Savings Investment Plan (ESIP). Compensation expense for the ESIP totaled $270, $316 and $281 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Benefit Plan Trusts Prior to its acquisition by Chevron, Texaco established a benefit plan trust for funding obligations under some of its benefit plans. At year-end 2018, the trust contained 14.2 million shares of Chevron treasury stock. The trust will sell the shares or use the dividends from the shares to pay benefits only to the extent that the company does not pay such benefits. The company intends to continue to pay its obligations under the benefit plans. The trustee will vote the shares held in the trust as instructed by the trust’s beneficiaries. The shares held in the trust are not considered outstanding for earnings-per-share purposes until distributed or sold by the trust in payment of benefit obligations. Prior to its acquisition by Chevron, Unocal established various grantor trusts to fund obligations under some of its benefit plans, including the deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plans. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, trust assets of $34 and $35, respectively, were invested primarily in interest-earning accounts. Employee Incentive Plans The Chevron Incentive Plan is an annual cash bonus plan for eligible employees that links awards to corporate, business unit and individual performance in the prior year. Charges to expense for cash bonuses were $1,048, $936 and $662 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Chevron also has the LTIP for officers and other regular salaried employees of the company and its subsidiaries who hold positions of significant responsibility. Awards under the LTIP consist of stock options and other share-based compensation that are described in Note 21, beginning on page 80. 85 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 85 143262_Financials.indd 85 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 23 Other Contingencies and Commitments Income Taxes The company calculates its income tax expense and liabilities quarterly. These liabilities generally are subject to audit and are not finalized with the individual taxing authorities until several years after the end of the annual period for which income taxes have been calculated. Refer to Note 16, beginning on page 74, for a discussion of the periods for which tax returns have been audited for the company’s major tax jurisdictions and a discussion for all tax jurisdictions of the differences between the amount of tax benefits recognized in the financial statements and the amount taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Settlement of open tax years, as well as other tax issues in countries where the company conducts its businesses, are not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the company and, in the opinion of management, adequate provisions have been made for all years under examination or subject to future examination. Guarantees The company has two guarantees to equity affiliates totaling $968. Of this amount, $637 is associated with a financing arrangement with an equity affiliate. Over the approximate 3-year remaining term of this guarantee, the maximum amount will be reduced as payments are made by the affiliate. The remaining amount of $331 is associated with certain payments under a terminal use agreement entered into by an equity affiliate. Over the approximate 9-year remaining term of this guarantee, the maximum guarantee amount will be reduced as certain fees are paid by the affiliate. There are numerous cross-indemnity agreements with the affiliate and the other partners to permit recovery of amounts paid under the guarantee. Chevron has recorded no liability for either guarantee. the company assumed certain indemnities relating to contingent Indemnifications In the acquisition of Unocal, environmental liabilities associated with assets that were sold in 1997. The acquirer of those assets shared in certain environmental remediation costs up to a maximum obligation of $200, which had been reached at December 31, 2009. Under the indemnification agreement, after reaching the $200 obligation, Chevron is solely responsible until April 2022, when the indemnification expires. The environmental conditions or events that are subject to these indemnities must have arisen prior to the sale of the assets in 1997. Although the company has provided for known obligations under this indemnity that are probable and reasonably estimable, the amount of additional future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized. The company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity. Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements The company and its subsidiaries have certain contingent liabilities with respect to long-term unconditional purchase obligations and commitments, including throughput and take-or-pay agreements, some of which relate to suppliers’ financing arrangements. The agreements typically provide goods and services, such as pipeline and storage capacity, drill ships, utilities, and petroleum products, to be used or sold in the ordinary course of the company’s business. The aggregate approximate amounts of required payments under these various commitments are: 2019 – $1,300; 2020 – $1,200; 2021 – $1,300; 2022 – $1,000; 2023 – $800; 2023 and after – $4,700. A portion of these commitments may ultimately be shared with project partners. Total payments under the agreements were approximately $1,400 in 2018, $1,300 in 2017 and $1,300 in 2016. As part of the implementation of ASU 2016-02 (Topic 842) effective January 1, 2019, the company will reclassify some contracts, currently incorporated into the unconditional purchase obligations disclosure, as operating leases in first quarter 2019 results. Environmental The company is subject to loss contingencies pursuant to laws, regulations, private claims and legal proceedings related to environmental matters that are subject to legal settlements or that in the future may require the company to take action to correct or ameliorate the effects on the environment of prior release of chemicals or petroleum substances, including MTBE, by the company or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various operating, closed and divested sites, including, but not limited to, federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, refineries, chemical plants, marketing facilities, crude oil fields, and mining sites. Although the company has provided for known environmental obligations that are probable and reasonably estimable, it is likely that the company will continue to incur additional liabilities. The amount of additional future costs are not fully determinable due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination, the unknown timing and extent of the corrective actions that may be required, the determination of the company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties, and the extent to which such costs are recoverable from third parties. These future costs may be material to results of 86 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 86 143262_Financials.indd 86 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts operations in the period in which they are recognized, but the company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity. Chevron’s environmental reserve as of December 31, 2018, was $1,327. Included in this balance was $258 related to remediation activities at approximately 144 sites for which the company had been identified as a potentially responsible party under the provisions of the federal Superfund law or analogous state laws which provide for joint and several liability for all responsible parties. Any future actions by regulatory agencies to require Chevron to assume other potentially responsible parties’ costs at designated hazardous waste sites are not expected to have a material effect on the company’s results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity. Of the remaining year-end 2018 environmental reserves balance of $1,069, $748 is related to the company’s U.S. downstream operations, $24 to its international downstream operations, $296 to upstream operations and $1 to other businesses. Liabilities at all sites were primarily associated with the company’s plans and activities to remediate soil or groundwater contamination or both. The company manages environmental liabilities under specific sets of regulatory requirements, which in the United States include the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and various state and local regulations. No single remediation site at year-end 2018 had a recorded liability that was material to the company’s results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity. Refer to Note 24 on page 88 for a discussion of the company’s asset retirement obligations. Other Contingencies Governmental and other entities in California and other jurisdictions have filed legal proceedings against fossil fuel producing companies, including Chevron, purporting to seek legal and equitable relief to address alleged impacts of climate change. Further such proceedings are likely to be filed by other parties. The unprecedented legal theories set forth in these proceedings entail the possibility of damages liability and injunctions against the production of all fossil fuels that, while we believe remote, could have a material adverse effect on the company’s results of operations and financial condition. Management believes that these proceedings are legally and factually meritless and detract from constructive efforts to address the important policy issues presented by climate change, and will vigorously defend against such proceedings. Chevron receives claims from and submits claims to customers; trading partners; joint venture partners; U.S. federal, state and local regulatory bodies; governments; contractors; insurers; suppliers; and individuals. The amounts of these claims, individually and in the aggregate, may be significant and take lengthy periods to resolve, and may result in gains or losses in future periods. The company and its affiliates also continue to review and analyze their operations and may close, abandon, sell, exchange, acquire or restructure assets to achieve operational or strategic benefits and to improve competitiveness and profitability. These activities, individually or together, may result in significant gains or losses in future periods. 87 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 87 143262_Financials.indd 87 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts Note 24 Asset Retirement Obligations The company records the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation (ARO) both as an asset and a liability when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset and the liability can be reasonably estimated. The legal obligation to perform the asset retirement activity is unconditional, even though uncertainty may exist about the timing and/or method of settlement that may be beyond the company’s control. This uncertainty about the timing and/or method of settlement is factored into the measurement of the liability when sufficient information exists to reasonably estimate fair value. Recognition of the ARO includes: (1) the present value of a liability and offsetting asset, (2) the subsequent accretion of that liability and depreciation of the asset, and (3) the periodic review of the ARO liability estimates and discount rates. AROs are primarily recorded for the company’s crude oil and natural gas producing assets. No significant AROs associated with any legal obligations to retire downstream long-lived assets have been recognized, as indeterminate settlement dates for the asset retirements prevent estimation of the fair value of the associated ARO. The company performs periodic reviews of its downstream long-lived assets for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a retirement obligation. The following table indicates the changes to the company’s before-tax asset retirement obligations in 2018, 2017 and 2016: Balance at January 1 Liabilities incurred Liabilities settled Accretion expense Revisions in estimated cash flows Balance at December 31 $ 2018 14,214 96 (830) 654 (84) $ $ 2017 14,243 684 (1,721) 668 340 2016 15,642 204 (1,658) 749 (694) $ 14,050 $ 14,214 $ 14,243 In the table above, the amount associated with “Revisions in estimated cash flows” in 2018 reflects decreased cost estimates to abandon wells, equipment and facilities. The long-term portion of the $14,050 balance at the end of 2018 was $12,957. Note 25 Revenue On January 1, 2018, Chevron adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and its related amendments using the modified retrospective transition method, which did not require the restatement of prior periods. The adoption did not result in a material change in the company’s accounting or have a material effect on the company’s financial position, including the measurement of revenue, the timing of revenue recognition and the recognition of contract assets, liabilities and related costs. The most significant change is the presentation of excise, value-added and similar taxes collected on behalf of third parties, which are no longer presented within “Sales and other operating revenue” on the Consolidated Statement of Income starting in 2018. These taxes, which totaled $7,861 in 2018, are now netted in “Taxes other than on income” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. This change to presentation had no impact on earnings. These taxes totaled $7,189 and $6,905 in 2017 and 2016, respectively. The company applied the optional exemption to not report any unfulfilled performance obligations related to contracts that have terms of less than one year. The amount of future revenue for unfulfilled performance obligations under long-term contracts with fixed components was insignificant for the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenue from contracts with customers is presented in “Sales and other operating revenue” along with some activity that is accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606, which is not material to this line, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another (including buy/sell arrangements) are combined and recorded on a net basis and reported in “purchased crude oil and products” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Refer to Note 13 beginning on page 66 for additional information on the company’s segmentation of revenue. Receivables related to revenue from contracts with customers are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The net balance of these receivables was $9,779 and $10,046 at January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Other items included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” represent amounts due from partners for their share of joint venture operating and project costs and amounts due from 88 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 88 143262_Financials.indd 88 3/4/19 11:55 AM Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts others, primarily related to derivatives, leases, buy/sell arrangements and product exchanges, which are accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606. Contract assets and related costs are reflected in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and contract liabilities are reflected in “Accrued liabilities” and “Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Amounts for these items are not material to the company’s financial position. Note 26 Other Financial Information Earnings in 2018 included after-tax gains of approximately $630 relating to the sale of certain properties. Of this amount, approximately $365 and $265 related to downstream and upstream, respectively. Earnings in 2017 included after-tax gains of approximately $1,800 relating to the sale of certain properties, of which approximately $850 and $950 related to downstream and upstream assets, respectively. Earnings in 2018 included after-tax charges of approximately $2,000 for impairments and other asset write-offs related to upstream. Earnings in 2017 included after-tax charges of approximately $900 for impairments and other asset write-offs related to upstream. Other financial information is as follows: Total financing interest and debt costs Less: Capitalized interest Interest and debt expense Research and development expenses Excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories (LIFO method) LIFO profits (losses) on inventory drawdowns included in earnings Foreign currency effects* 2018 921 173 748 453 5,134 26 611 $ $ $ $ $ $ Year ended December 31 2016 2017 $ $ $ $ $ $ 902 595 307 433 3,937 (5) (446) $ $ $ $ $ $ 753 552 201 476 2,942 (88) 58 * Includes $416, $(45) and $1 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the company’s share of equity affiliates’ foreign currency effects. The company has $4,518 in goodwill on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, all of which is in the upstream segment and primarily related to the 2005 acquisition of Unocal. The company tested this goodwill for impairment during 2018, and no impairment was required. 89 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 89 143262_Financials.indd 89 3/4/19 11:55 AM Five-Year Financial Summary Unaudited Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Statement of Income Data Revenues and Other Income Total sales and other operating revenues* Income from equity affiliates and other income $ Total Revenues and Other Income Total Costs and Other Deductions Income Before Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Net Income Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 158,902 7,437 166,339 145,764 20,575 5,715 14,860 36 Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation $ 14,824 Per Share of Common Stock Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron – Basic – Diluted Cash Dividends Per Share Balance Sheet Data (at December 31) Current assets Noncurrent assets Total Assets Short-term debt Other current liabilities Long-term debt Other noncurrent liabilities Total Liabilities Total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity Noncontrolling interests Total Equity * Includes excise, value-added and similar taxes: $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7.81 7.74 4.48 34,021 219,842 253,863 5,726 21,445 28,733 42,317 98,221 154,554 1,088 155,642 — $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 134,674 7,048 141,722 132,501 9,221 (48) 9,269 74 $ 110,215 4,257 $ 114,472 116,632 (2,160) (1,729) (431) 66 129,925 8,552 138,477 133,635 4,842 132 4,710 123 $ 200,494 11,476 211,970 180,768 31,202 11,892 19,310 69 9,195 $ (497) $ 4,587 $ 19,241 $ $ $ $ 4.88 4.85 4.32 28,560 225,246 253,806 5,192 22,545 33,571 43,179 104,487 148,124 1,195 (0.27) $ (0.27) $ 4.29 29,619 230,459 260,078 10,840 20,945 35,286 46,285 113,356 2.46 2.45 4.28 34,430 230,110 264,540 4,927 20,540 33,622 51,565 110,654 152,716 1,170 153,886 7,359 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 10.21 10.14 4.21 41,161 223,723 264,884 3,790 27,322 23,994 53,587 108,693 155,028 1,163 156,191 8,186 $ $ $ $ $ $ 145,556 1,166 149,319 $ 146,722 7,189 $ 6,905 90 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 90 143262_Financials.r3.indd 90 3/19/19 12:35 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited In accordance with FASB and SEC disclosure requirements for oil and gas producing activities, this section provides supplemental information on oil and gas exploration and producing activities of the company in seven separate tables. Tables I through IV provide historical cost information pertaining to costs incurred in exploration, property acquisitions and Table I - Costs Incurred in Exploration, Property Acquisitions and Development1 U.S. Other Americas Africa Asia Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies Millions of dollars Year Ended December 31, 2018 Exploration Wells Geological and geophysical Rentals and other Total exploration Property acquisitions2 Proved Unproved Total property acquisitions Development3 25 4 35 64 7 2 9 711 784 1 4 52 57 — 40 40 $ $ 508 84 190 782 160 52 212 6,245 $ 74 41 46 161 — 494 494 856 $ $ 55 5 33 93 117 27 144 1,095 $ 1,332 $ — $ 7 49 56 — — — $ 14 1 23 38 — — — 676 142 376 1,194 284 575 859 $ — $ — — — — — — 845 901 $ 278 316 10,030 4,883 $ 12,083 $ 4,883 $ Total Costs Incurred4 $ 7,239 $ 1,511 $ Year Ended December 31, 2017 Exploration Wells Geological and geophysical Rentals and other $ Total exploration Property acquisitions2 Proved Unproved Total property acquisitions $ 479 93 157 729 64 77 141 $ 3 46 32 81 — — — $ 36 3 60 99 93 18 111 1,324 $ — $ 33 46 79 — 1 1 2,580 Development3 4,346 944 1,136 Total Costs Incurred4 $ 5,216 $ 1,025 $ 1,233 $ 1,534 $ 2,660 $ Year Ended December 31, 2016 Exploration Wells Geological and geophysical Rentals and other $ Total exploration Property acquisitions2 Proved Unproved Total property acquisitions $ 707 67 139 913 16 27 43 $ 51 3 40 94 — — — $ 95 22 70 187 — — — $ 31 31 57 119 52 — 52 $ 1 16 54 71 — — — Development3 3,814 1,631 2,014 1,866 3,733 Total Costs Incurred4 $ 4,770 $ 1,725 $ 2,201 $ 2,037 $ 3,804 $ 15 5 128 148 — — — 121 269 1 4 32 37 — — — 550 587 $ 534 184 475 1,193 157 136 293 $ — $ — — — — — — 10,451 3,596 $ 11,937 $ 3,596 $ $ 886 143 392 1,421 68 27 95 $ — $ — — — — — — 13,608 2,211 $ 15,124 $ 2,211 $ — — — — — — — 200 200 — — — — — — — 147 147 — — — — — — — 262 262 1 Includes costs incurred whether capitalized or expensed. Excludes general support equipment expenditures. Includes capitalized amounts related to asset retirement obligations. See Note 24, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 88. 2 Does not include properties acquired in nonmonetary transactions. 3 Includes $114, $84 and $481 costs incurred on major capital projects prior to assignment of proved reserves for consolidated companies in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. 4 Reconciliation of consolidated and affiliated companies total cost incurred to Upstream capital and exploratory (C&E) expenditures - $ billions: 2018 2017 2016 Total cost incurred $ Non-oil and gas activities ARO 17.2 0.6 (0.1) $ 15.7 1.3 (0.6) $ 17.6 2.5 — (Primarily; LNG and transportation activities.) Upstream C&E $ 17.7 $ 16.4 $ 20.1 Reference page 39 Upstream total 91 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 91 143262_Financials.indd 91 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited development; capitalized costs; and results of operations. Tables V through VII present information on the company’s estimated net proved reserve quantities, standardized measure of estimated discounted future net cash flows related to proved reserves and changes in estimated discounted future net cash flows. The amounts for consolidated companies are organized by geographic areas including the United States, Other Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania and Europe. Amounts for affiliated companies include Chevron’s equity interests in Tengizchevroil (TCO) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in other affiliates, principally in Venezuela and Angola. Refer to Note 14, beginning on page 69, for a discussion of the company’s major equity affiliates. Table II - Capitalized Costs Related to Oil and Gas Producing Activities Millions of dollars At December 31, 2018 Unproved properties Proved properties and related producing assets Support equipment Deferred exploratory wells Other uncompleted projects Gross Capitalized Costs Unproved properties valuation Proved producing properties – Depreciation and depletion Support equipment depreciation Accumulated provisions Net Capitalized Costs At December 31, 2017 Unproved properties Proved properties and related producing assets Support equipment Deferred exploratory wells Other uncompleted projects Gross Capitalized Costs Unproved properties valuation Proved producing properties – Depreciation and depletion Support equipment depreciation Accumulated provisions Net Capitalized Costs At December 31, 2016 Unproved properties Proved properties and related producing assets Support equipment Deferred exploratory wells Other uncompleted projects Gross Capitalized Costs Unproved properties valuation Proved producing properties – Depreciation and depletion Support equipment depreciation Accumulated provisions U.S. Other Americas Africa Asia Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies $ 4,687 $ 2,463 $ 201 $ 1,299 $ 1,986 $ — $ 10,636 $ 108 $ — $ $ $ $ 75,013 2,216 782 4,730 87,428 820 45,712 1,466 47,998 21,796 317 160 3,704 28,440 694 12,984 220 13,898 44,876 1,096 405 1,744 48,322 164 31,102 738 32,004 57,168 2,149 632 1,292 62,540 623 43,735 1,674 46,032 22,047 17,712 1,323 1,462 12,634 124 261 300 44,530 13,319 107 — 4,631 1,531 6,269 10,014 119 10,133 233,534 23,614 3,563 13,232 284,579 2,408 148,178 5,748 156,334 39,430 $ 14,542 $ 16,318 $ 16,508 $ 38,261 $ 3,186 $ 128,245 6,466 $ 2,314 $ 240 $ 1,420 $ 1,986 $ 23 $ 12,449 66,390 2,248 969 8,333 84,406 977 43,286 1,359 45,622 20,696 337 181 3,624 27,152 855 11,795 227 12,877 43,656 1,104 406 2,528 47,934 162 27,916 712 28,790 55,616 2,050 562 1,889 61,537 535 40,234 1,584 42,353 21,544 15,599 1,323 3,238 10,697 132 261 1,966 43,690 13,079 107 23 3,193 870 4,170 9,306 123 9,452 218,599 21,470 3,702 21,578 277,798 2,659 135,730 4,875 143,264 38,784 $ 14,275 $ 19,144 $ 19,184 $ 39,520 $ 3,627 $ 134,534 9,052 $ 3,063 $ 263 $ 1,273 $ 1,986 $ 23 $ 15,660 69,924 2,249 750 7,018 88,993 1,673 45,820 1,165 48,658 18,269 357 190 5,900 27,779 903 11,635 226 12,764 38,903 1,083 415 6,152 46,816 222 24,463 657 25,342 56,070 2,036 602 2,743 62,724 483 38,757 1,502 40,742 11,642 8,598 1,322 17,559 10,738 131 261 1,804 41,107 12,957 107 23 2,300 571 2,978 8,643 118 8,784 205,546 14,454 3,540 41,176 280,376 3,411 131,618 4,239 139,268 $ $ $ $ 9,892 1,858 — 11,906 23,764 61 5,289 947 6,297 4,336 — — 605 4,941 — 1,730 — 1,730 17,467 $ 3,211 108 $ — 8,956 1,731 — 8,098 18,893 58 4,690 846 5,594 4,346 — — 457 4,803 — 1,468 — 1,468 13,299 $ 3,335 108 $ — 8,484 1,632 — 5,075 15,299 55 4,148 750 4,953 3,898 — — 517 4,415 — 1,170 — 1,170 Net Capitalized Costs $ 40,335 $ 15,015 $ 21,474 $ 21,982 $ 38,129 $ 4,173 $ 141,108 $ 10,346 $ 3,245 92 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 92 143262_Financials.indd 92 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Table III - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities1 The company’s results of operations from oil and gas producing activities for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016 are shown in the following table. Net income (loss) from exploration and production activities as reported on page 67 reflects income taxes computed on an effective rate basis. Income taxes in Table III are based on statutory tax rates, reflecting allowable deductions and tax credits. Interest income and expense are excluded from the results reported in Table III and from the net income amounts on page 67. Other Americas U.S. Africa Asia Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies Millions of dollars Year Ended December 31, 2018 Revenues from net production Sales Transfers Total Production expenses excluding taxes Taxes other than on income Proved producing properties: Depreciation and depletion Accretion expense2 Exploration expenses Unproved properties valuation Other income (expense)3 Results before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit $ 2,162 $ 11,645 1,008 $ 1,808 13,807 (3,203) (540) 2,816 (1,009) (70) (4,583) (186) (777) (516) 336 4,338 (886) (998) (26) (191) (42) 4 484 (400) 829 $ 7,829 8,658 (1,564) (112) (3,368) (149) (52) (3) 97 3,507 (2,131) 5,880 $ 4,229 $ 3,206 3,413 9,086 (2,653) (22) (3,714) (146) (58) (135) (33) 2,325 (1,088) 7,642 (557) (250) (2,103) (50) (56) — 31 4,657 (1,415) 619 $ 1,071 1,690 (424) (2) (411) (52) (41) — (161) 599 (233) 14,727 28,972 43,699 (9,410) (996) (15,177) (609) (1,175) (696) 274 15,910 (6,153) $ 5,987 $ — 5,987 (447) 160 (703) (4) — — (59) 4,934 (1,480) Results of Producing Operations $ 3,452 $ 84 $ 1,376 $ 1,237 $ 3,242 $ 366 $ 9,757 $ 3,454 $ Year Ended December 31, 2017 Revenues from net production Sales Transfers Total Production expenses excluding taxes Taxes other than on income Proved producing properties: Depreciation and depletion Accretion expense2 Exploration expenses Unproved properties valuation Other income (expense)3 Results before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefit $ 1,548 $ 7,610 999 $ 487 $ 1,371 6,533 5,381 $ 2,061 $ 2,966 937 9,158 (3,160) (403) (5,092) (212) (299) (204) 580 368 (88) 2,370 (1,021) (85) (1,046) (23) (126) (259) (87) (277) (64) 7,020 (1,521) (115) (3,531) (144) (65) (3) 259 1,900 (1,199) 8,347 (2,670) (11) (4,134) (155) (108) (52) 273 1,490 (616) 2,998 (304) (183) (1,176) (40) (85) — 170 1,380 (413) 372 $ 1,246 1,618 (415) (3) (668) (60) (149) — (170) 153 (174) 10,848 20,663 31,511 (9,091) (800) (15,647) (634) (832) (518) 1,025 5,014 (2,554) $ 4,509 $ — 4,509 (425) 118 (638) (3) — — (104) 3,457 (1,037) Results of Producing Operations $ 280 $ (341) $ 701 $ 874 $ 967 $ (21) $ 2,460 $ 2,420 $ 1,369 — 1,369 (295) (210) (306) (3) (6) — (280) 269 341 610 1,218 — 1,218 (306) (121) (365) (16) — — (14) 396 20 416 1 The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations. 2 Represents accretion of ARO liability. Refer to Note 24, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 88. 3 Includes foreign currency gains and losses, gains and losses on property dispositions and other miscellaneous income and expenses. 93 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 93 143262_Financials.indd 93 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Table III - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities1, continued Millions of dollars Year Ended December 31, 2016 Revenues from net production Sales Transfers Total Production expenses excluding taxes Taxes other than on income Proved producing properties: Depreciation and depletion Accretion expense2 Exploration expenses Unproved properties valuation Other income (expense)3 Results before income taxes Income tax (expense) benefits Other Americas U.S. Africa Asia Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies $ 1,178 $ 5,895 1,038 $ 1,134 7,073 (3,634) (341) (5,913) (265) (399) (342) 681 (3,140) 1,080 2,172 (1,120) (90) (2,729) (26) (132) (31) (103) (2,059) 139 238 $ 4,896 5,134 (1,806) (104) (2,612) (134) (255) (13) (141) 69 (267) 5,347 $ 2,839 733 $ 478 436 $ 727 8,970 15,969 $ 3,416 $ — 8,186 (2,942) (10) (3,848) (181) (109) (44) (39) 1,013 (386) 1,211 (250) (154) (425) (30) (70) — 4 286 (94) 1,163 (389) (2) (483) (66) (38) — 431 616 (57) 24,939 (10,141) (701) (16,010) (702) (1,003) (430) 833 (3,215) 415 3,416 (451) (494) (524) (3) — — (113) 1,831 (549) 695 — 695 (359) (67) (196) (12) — — (206) (145) 39 Results of Producing Operations $ (2,060) $ (1,920) $ (198) $ 627 $ 192 $ 559 $ (2,800) $ 1,282 $ (106) 1 The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations. 2 Represents accretion of ARO liability. Refer to Note 24, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 88. 3 Includes foreign currency gains and losses, gains and losses on property dispositions, and other miscellaneous income and expenses. Table IV - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unit Prices and Costs1 Other Americas U.S. Africa Asia Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies Year Ended December 31, 2018 Average sales prices Liquids, per barrel Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet Average production costs, per barrel2 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Average sales prices Liquids, per barrel Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet Average production costs, per barrel2 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Average sales prices Liquids, per barrel Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet Average production costs, per barrel2 $ $ $ 58.17 $ 1.86 11.18 58.27 $ 2.62 17.32 69.75 $ 2.55 11.29 63.55 $ 4.48 12.15 68.78 $ 8.78 3.95 66.31 $ 7.54 14.21 62.45 5.54 10.78 44.53 $ 2.11 12.83 51.26 $ 3.15 18.64 52.12 $ 1.77 10.88 48.45 $ 4.12 11.30 52.32 $ 5.75 3.60 51.15 $ 5.55 11.95 48.61 4.07 11.41 35.00 $ 1.58 14.56 43.89 $ 3.04 18.79 41.42 $ 1.60 13.80 37.55 $ 4.19 11.34 45.32 $ 4.29 5.97 39.64 $ 4.77 12.84 38.30 3.45 13.15 $ $ $ 56.20 $ 0.77 3.59 56.41 3.19 9.29 41.47 $ 0.88 3.34 48.68 2.38 8.51 31.83 $ 1.34 3.67 31.90 2.24 15.01 1 The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations. 2 Natural gas converted to oil-equivalent gas (OEG) barrels at a rate of 6 MCF = 1 OEG barrel. 94 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 94 143262_Financials.indd 94 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Table V Reserve Quantity Information Summary of Net Oil and Gas Reserves Liquids in Millions of Barrels Natural Gas in Billions of Cubic Feet 2018 2017 2016 Crude Oil Condensate NGLs Synthetic Oil Natural Gas Crude Oil Condensate NGLs Synthetic Oil Natural Gas Crude Oil Condensate NGLs Synthetic Oil Natural Gas Proved Developed Consolidated Companies U.S. Other Americas Africa Asia Australia/Oceania Europe Total Consolidated Affiliated Companies TCO Other 1,240 159 628 470 132 84 2,713 700 76 — 2,396 545 393 — 1,316 — 4,021 — 10,084 205 — 545 18,415 — 1,179 308 55 1,031 101 664 529 126 83 2,534 787 84 — 2,096 543 398 — 1,276 — 4,463 — 9,907 215 — 543 18,355 992 92 640 621 124 77 — 2,102 601 533 — 1,039 — 4,962 — 9,176 213 — 2,546 601 18,025 — 1,300 270 66 920 92 — 1,402 319 62 Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies 3,489 600 19,902 3,405 609 19,925 3,558 663 19,746 Proved Undeveloped Consolidated Companies U.S. Other Americas Africa Asia Australia/Oceania Europe Total Consolidated Affiliated Companies TCO Other Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies Total Proved Reserves 1,162 204 148 109 29 65 1,717 905 7 2,629 6,118 — 4,313 470 — — 1,499 — 289 — 3,647 100 — — 10,318 — 72 755 601 72 11,674 672 31,576 885 196 175 102 33 62 1,453 962 20 2,435 5,840 — 3,084 397 — — 1,630 — 310 — 3,652 86 — — 9,159 — 93 883 769 93 10,811 702 30,736 420 131 236 99 34 61 981 989 26 1,996 5,554 — 1,574 114 3 — 1,788 — 571 — 3,339 21 — 3 7,407 — 108 111 840 767 9,014 774 28,760 Reserves Governance The company has adopted a comprehensive reserves and resource classification system modeled after a system developed and approved by the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the World Petroleum Congress and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. The company classifies recoverable hydrocarbons into six categories based on their status at the time of reporting – three deemed commercial and three potentially recoverable. Within the commercial classification are proved reserves and two categories of unproved reserves: probable and possible. The potentially recoverable categories are also referred to as contingent resources. For reserves estimates to be classified as proved, they must meet all SEC and company standards. Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities that geoscience and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. Net proved reserves exclude royalties and interests owned by others and reflect contractual arrangements and royalty obligations in effect at the time of the estimate. Proved reserves are classified as either developed or undeveloped. Proved developed reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Due to the inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of reservoir data, estimates of reserves are subject to change as additional information becomes available. Proved reserves are estimated by company asset teams composed of earth scientists and engineers. As part of the internal control process related to reserves estimation, the company maintains a Reserves Advisory Committee (RAC) that is chaired by the Manager of Global Reserves, an organization that is separate from the Upstream operating organization. The Manager of Global Reserves has more than 30 years’ experience working in the oil and gas industry and holds both undergraduate and 95 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 95 143262_Financials.indd 95 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited graduate degrees in geoscience. His experience includes various technical and management roles in providing reserve and resource estimates in support of major capital and exploration projects, and more than 10 years of overseeing oil and gas reserves processes. He has been named a Distinguished Lecturer by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and is an active member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the SEPM Society of Sedimentary Geologists and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. All RAC members are degreed professionals, each with more than 10 years of experience in various aspects of reserves estimation relating to reservoir engineering, petroleum engineering, earth science or finance. The members are knowledgeable in SEC guidelines for proved reserves classification and receive annual training on the preparation of reserves estimates. The RAC has the following primary responsibilities: establish the policies and processes used within the operating units to estimate reserves; provide independent reviews and oversight of the business units’ recommended reserves estimates and changes; confirm that proved reserves are recognized in accordance with SEC guidelines; determine that reserve volumes are calculated using consistent and appropriate standards, procedures and technology; and maintain the Chevron Corporation Reserves Manual, which provides standardized procedures used corporatewide for classifying and reporting hydrocarbon reserves. During the year, the RAC is represented in meetings with each of the company’s upstream business units to review and discuss reserve changes recommended by the various asset teams. Major changes are also reviewed with the company’s senior leadership team including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The company’s annual reserve activity is also reviewed with the Board of Directors. If major changes to reserves were to occur between the annual reviews, those matters would also be discussed with the Board. RAC subteams also conduct in-depth reviews during the year of many of the fields that have large proved reserves quantities. These reviews include an examination of the proved-reserve records and documentation of their compliance with the Chevron Corporation Reserves Manual. Technologies Used in Establishing Proved Reserves Additions In 2018, additions to Chevron’s proved reserves were based on a wide range of geologic and engineering technologies. Information generated from wells, such as well logs, wire line sampling, production and pressure testing, fluid analysis, and core analysis, was integrated with seismic data, regional geologic studies, and information from analogous reservoirs to provide “reasonably certain” proved reserves estimates. Both proprietary and commercially available analytic tools, including reservoir simulation, geologic modeling and seismic processing, have been used in the interpretation of the subsurface data. These technologies have been utilized extensively by the company in the past, and the company believes that they provide a high degree of confidence in establishing reliable and consistent reserves estimates. Proved Undeveloped Reserves At the end of 2018, proved undeveloped reserves totaled 4.6 billion barrels of oil-equivalent (BOE), an increase of 317 million BOE from year-end 2017. The increase was due to 717 million BOE in extensions and discoveries, 69 million BOE in acquisitions, 58 million BOE in revisions and 6 million BOE in improved recovery, partially offset by the transfer of 531 million BOE to proved developed and 2 million BOE in sales. A major portion of this reserve increase is attributed to the company’s activities in the Midland and Delaware basins. During 2018, investments totaling approximately $10 billion in oil and gas producing activities and about $0.1 billion in non-oil and gas producing activities were expended to advance the development of proved undeveloped reserves. In Asia, expenditures during the year totaled approximately $4.8 billion, primarily related to development projects of the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. The United States accounted for about $3.4 billion related primarily to various development activities in the Gulf of Mexico and the Midland and Delaware basins. In Africa, about $0.7 billion was expended on various offshore development and natural gas projects in Nigeria, Angola and Republic of Congo. Development activities in Canada and Argentina were primarily responsible for about $0.9 billion of expenditures in Other Americas. Reserves that remain proved undeveloped for five or more years are a result of several factors that affect optimal project development and execution, such as the complex nature of the development project in adverse and remote locations, physical limitations of infrastructure or plant capacities that dictate project timing, compression projects that are pending reservoir pressure declines, and contractual limitations that dictate production levels. At year-end 2018, the company held approximately 2.1 billion BOE of proved undeveloped reserves that have remained undeveloped for five years or more. The majority of these reserves are in three locations where the company has a proven track record of developing major projects. In Australia, approximately 600 million BOE have remained undeveloped for five years or more related to the Gorgon and Wheatstone projects. The company completed construction of liquefaction and other facilities to develop this natural gas. Further field development to convert the remaining proved undeveloped reserves is scheduled to 96 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 96 143262_Financials.indd 96 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited occur in line with operating constraints and infrastructure optimization. In Africa, approximately 300 million BOE have remained undeveloped for five years or more, primarily due to facility constraints at various fields and infrastructure associated with the Escravos gas projects in Nigeria. Affiliates account for about 1.2 billion BOE of proved undeveloped reserves with about 900 million BOE that have remained undeveloped for five years or more, with the majority related to the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. At TCO, further field development to convert the remaining proved undeveloped reserves is scheduled to occur in line with reservoir depletion and facility constraints. Annually, the company assesses whether any changes have occurred in facts or circumstances, such as changes to development plans, regulations or government policies, that would warrant a revision to reserve estimates. In 2018, increases in commodity prices positively impacted the economic limits of oil and gas properties, resulting in proved reserve increases, and negatively impacted proved reserves due to entitlement effects. The year-end reserves volumes have been updated for these circumstances and significant changes have been discussed in the appropriate reserves sections. For 2018, this assessment did not result in any material changes in reserves classified as proved undeveloped. Over the past three years, the ratio of proved undeveloped reserves to total proved reserves has ranged between 32 percent and 38 percent. Proved Reserve Quantities For the three years ending December 31, 2018, the pattern of net reserve changes shown in the following tables are not necessarily indicative of future trends. Apart from acquisitions, the company’s ability to add proved reserves can be affected by events and circumstances that are outside the company’s control, such as delays in government permitting, partner approvals of development plans, changes in oil and gas prices, OPEC constraints, geopolitical uncertainties, and civil unrest. At December 31, 2018, proved reserves for the company were 12.1 billion BOE. The company’s estimated net proved reserves of liquids including crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids and synthetic oil for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 are shown in the table on page 98. The company’s estimated net proved reserves of natural gas are shown on page 99. Noteworthy changes in liquids proved reserves for 2016 through 2018 are discussed below and shown in the table on the following page: Revisions In 2016, improved field performance at various Gulf of Mexico fields, including Jack/St Malo, and in the San Joaquin Valley were primarily responsible for the 109 million barrel increase in the United States. Entitlement effects were mainly responsible for the 64 million barrel increase in the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. In Asia, entitlement effects, drilling and improved performance across numerous assets resulted in the 50 million barrel increase. In 2017, improved field performance at various Gulf of Mexico fields, including Jack/St Malo and Tahiti, and in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 280 million barrel increase in the United States. Improved field performance at various fields, including Agbami and Sonam in Nigeria, were responsible for the 79 million barrel increase in Africa. Synthetic oil reserves in Canada decreased by 42 million barrels, primarily due to entitlement effects. In the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan, entitlement effects were mainly responsible for the 53 million barrel decrease. In 2018, improved field performance at various Gulf of Mexico fields and in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 155 million barrel increase in the United States. Improved field performance at various fields, including Agbami in Nigeria and Moho-Bilondo in the Republic of Congo, were responsible for the 68 million barrel increase in Africa. Reserves in Other Americas increased by 60 million barrels, primarily due to improved field performance at the Hebron field in Canada. In Asia, improved performance across numerous assets resulted in the 37 million barrel increase. In the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan, entitlement effects were mainly responsible for the 39 million barrel decrease. Improved Recovery In 2016, improved recovery increased reserves by 293 million barrels, primarily due to the Future Growth Project in the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. Extensions and Discoveries In 2016, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 131 million barrel increase in the United States. In 2017, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins and the Gulf of Mexico were primarily responsible for the 458 million barrel increase in the United States. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada were primarily responsible for the 74 million barrel increase in Other Americas. In 2018, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 532 million barrel increase in the United States. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada and Loma Campana in Argentina were primarily responsible for the 36 million barrel increase in Other Americas. 97 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 97 143262_Financials.indd 97 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Purchases In 2017, purchases of 33 million barrels in Asia were due to contract extension in the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli fields in Azerbaijan. In 2018, purchases of 50 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the Midland and Delaware basins. Sales In 2016, sales of 34 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the Gulf of Mexico shelf. In 2017, sales of 57 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the Gulf of Mexico shelf and in the Midland and Delaware basins. In 2018, sales of 32 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the San Joaquin Valley. Net Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Condensate, Natural Gas Liquids and Synthetic Oil Millions of barrels U.S. Americas1 Africa Asia Oceania Europe Oil2 Total TCO Oil Other3 Other Australia/ Consolidated Companies Synthetic Affiliated Companies Synthetic Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies Reserves at January 1, 2016 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production Reserves at December 31, 20164 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production Reserves at December 31, 20174 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production 1,386 236 957 790 153 143 597 4,262 1,676 193 131 6,262 109 5 131 — (34) (185) (20) — 23 10 — (26) 50 22 2 11 9 1 — — — — (123) (123) 12 — — — — (7) 16 — — — — (21) 215 26 — 18 — 164 — 10 — (34) (504) (19) 64 273 — — — (104) (12) — — — — (11) (5) 2 — — — (10) 262 293 164 10 (34) (629) 1,412 223 876 720 158 138 604 4,131 1,909 170 118 6,328 280 9 458 4 (57) (190) (17) 79 25 1 7 — 4 — 74 — 33 2 (1) — (2) (129) (104) (24) 11 — — — — (10) 30 — — — — (23) 366 (42) 17 — — 536 — 39 — (60) (499) (19) (53) — — — — (107) — — — — — (11) (5) 3 — — — (12) 308 20 536 39 (60) (629) 1,916 297 839 631 159 145 543 4,530 1,749 159 104 6,542 155 5 532 50 (32) (224) 60 — 36 — — (30) 37 68 — 1 1 — — — (5) — (90) (127) 17 — — — — (15) 20 4 — — — (20) 378 21 — 10 — 569 50 — — (37) (525) (19) (39) — — — — (105) (23) — — — — (9) 127 (10) — — — — (11) 83 306 10 569 50 (37) (650) 6,790 Reserves at December 31, 20184 2,402 363 776 579 161 149 545 4,975 1,605 1 Ending reserve balances in North America were 291, 234 and 169 and in South America were 72, 63 and 54 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 2 Reserves associated with Canada. 3 Ending reserve balances in Africa were 19, 26 and 31 and in South America were 64, 78 and 87 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 4 Included are year-end reserve quantities related to production-sharing contracts (PSC) (refer to glossary of energy and financial terms for the definition of a PSC). PSC-related reserve quantities are 12 percent, 15 percent and 19 percent for consolidated companies for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 98 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 98 143262_Financials.indd 98 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Net Proved Reserves of Natural Gas Billions of cubic feet (BCF) U.S. Americas1 Africa Asia Other Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies Australia/ Oceania Europe Total TCO Other2 Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies Reserves at January 1, 2016 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production3 Reserves at December 31, 20164 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production3 Reserves at December 31, 20174 Changes attributable to: Revisions Improved recovery Extensions and discoveries Purchases Sales Production3 Reserves at December 31, 20184 4,242 714 2,937 5,956 11,873 224 25,946 2,268 1,223 (6) 2 388 4 (544) (410) (24) — 73 3 (10) (109) (29) — — — — (81) 443 — 4 — — (870) 853 — 14 — — (225) 72 — — — — (62) 1,309 2 479 7 (554) (1,757) 111 — — — — (137) (107) — — — — (30) 3,676 647 2,827 5,533 12,515 234 25,432 2,242 1,086 670 3 1,361 1 (177) (354) 5,180 258 2 1,627 144 (125) (377) 6,709 39 — 319 — (129) (81) 184 — — 2 — (107) 65 — 2 46 (31) (842) 1,545 — — — — (501) 2,646 143 — 3 — 1,682 49 — (337) — (1,961) (76) 87 — — — — (146) 48 — — — — (95) 795 2,906 4,773 13,559 301 27,514 2,183 1,039 (3) 2 138 — — (69) 25 — — 1 (5) (112) 347 — 5 — — (815) 1,012 1 — — — (841) 68 — 1 — — (65) 1,707 5 1,771 145 (130) (2,279) (108) — — — — (141) (38) — 3 — — (95) 863 2,815 4,310 13,731 305 28,733 1,934 909 29,437 1,313 2 479 7 (554) (1,924) 28,760 2,781 3 1,682 49 (337) (2,202) 30,736 1,561 5 1,774 145 (130) (2,515) 31,576 1 Ending reserve balances in North America and South America were 582, 478, 172 and 281, 317, 475 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 2 Ending reserve balances in Africa and South America were 799, 899, 939 and 110, 140, 147 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 3 Total “as sold” volumes are 2,289, 1,995 and 1,744 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 4 Includes reserve quantities related to production-sharing contracts (PSC) (refer to glossary of energy and financial terms for the definition of a PSC). PSC-related reserve quantities are 10 percent, 12 percent and 15 percent for consolidated companies for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Noteworthy changes in natural gas proved reserves for 2016 through 2018 are discussed below and shown in the table above: Revisions In 2016, development activities primarily at Wheatstone were responsible for the 853 BCF increase in Australia. Net revisions of 443 BCF in Asia were primarily due to improved field performance in China and Thailand. In 2017, reservoir performance and new seismic data in the greater Gorgon area were primarily responsible for the 1.5 TCF increase in Australia. Improved performance in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 670 BCF increase in the United States. The Sonam Field in Nigeria was primarily responsible for the 184 BCF increase in Africa. In 2018, reservoir performance, well test and surveillance data at Wheatstone and the greater Gorgon area were responsible for the 1.0 TCF increase in Australia. The Bibiyana Field in Bangladesh and the Pattani Field in Thailand were primarily responsible for the 347 BCF increase in Asia. Improved performance in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 258 BCF increase in the United States. Extensions and Discoveries In 2016, extensions and discoveries of 388 BCF in the United States were primarily in the Appalachian region and the Midland and Delaware basins. In 2017, extensions and discoveries of 1.4 TCF in the United States were primarily in the Appalachian region and the Midland and Delaware basins. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada were primarily responsible for the 319 BCF increase in Other Americas. In 2018, extensions and discoveries of 1.6 TCF in the United States were primarily in the Appalachian region and the Midland and Delaware basins. 99 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 99 143262_Financials.indd 99 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Sales In 2016, sales of 544 BCF in the United States were primarily in the Gulf of Mexico shelf, Michigan and the midcontinent region. In 2017, sales of 177 BCF in the United States were primarily from the Midland and Delaware basins. Sale of the company’s interests in Trinidad and Tobago was primarily responsible for the 129 BCF decrease in Other Americas. Table VI - Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Related to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is calculated in accordance with SEC and FASB requirements. This includes using the average of first-day-of-the-month oil and gas prices for the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period, estimated future development and production costs assuming the continuation of existing economic conditions, estimated costs for asset retirement obligations (includes costs to retire existing wells and facilities in addition to those future wells and facilities necessary to produce proved undeveloped reserves), and estimated future income taxes based on appropriate statutory tax rates. Discounted future net cash flows are calculated using 10 percent mid-period discount factors. Estimates of proved-reserve quantities are imprecise and change over time as new information becomes available. Probable and possible reserves, which may become proved in the future, are excluded from the calculations. The valuation requires assumptions as to the timing and amount of future development and production costs. The calculations are made as of December 31 each year and do not represent management’s estimate of the company’s future cash flows or value of its oil and gas reserves. In the following table, the caption “Standardized Measure Net Cash Flows” refers to the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Millions of dollars At December 31, 2018 Future cash inflows from production Future production costs Future development costs Future income taxes Undiscounted future net cash flows 10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows Standardized Measure Net Cash Flows At December 31, 2017 Future cash inflows from production Future production costs Future development costs Future income taxes Undiscounted future net cash flows 10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows Standardized Measure Net Cash Flows Other Americas U.S. Consolidated Companies Australia/ Affiliated Companies Africa Asia Oceania Europe Total TCO Other Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies $ 132,512 $ 52,470 $ 56,856 $ 54,012 $ 109,116 $ 11,959 $ 416,925 $ 100,518 $ 16,928 $ (16,296) (7,757) (25,519) (6,609) (114,484) (41,184) (1,393) (90,224) (1,676) (24,580) (14,069) (18,561) (20,691) (5,106) (7,553) (34,679) (17,322) (17,369) (17,359) (5,494) (14,514) (18,850) (4,112) (23,593) (4,665) (1,692) (4,496) 534,371 (143,729) (56,945) (113,281) 63,142 19,120 10,301 16,645 59,544 2,281 171,033 43,308 6,075 220,416 (29,103) (11,136) (2,646) (4,822) (28,276) (419) (76,402) (22,025) (2,662) (101,089) 34,039 $ 7,984 $ 7,655 $ 11,823 $ 31,268 $ 1,862 $ 94,631 $ 21,283 $ 3,413 $ 119,327 94,086 $ 43,175 $ 47,828 $ 47,809 $ 77,557 $ 8,800 $ 319,255 (6,345) (104,517) (18,640) (29,049) (32,310) (1,114) (10,849) (4,755) (62,890) (615) (10,901) (10,803) (20,044) (5,102) (5,158) (18,124) (3,808) (17,845) (12,315) (6,682) (17,568) $ 80,090 $ 13,632 $ (22,050) (17,564) (12,143) (4,635) (1,760) (3,250) 412,977 (131,202) (51,634) (78,283) $ $ 43,385 12,871 8,051 13,513 40,992 726 119,538 28,333 3,987 151,858 (19,781) (8,483) (2,058) (3,846) (19,730) 207 (53,691) (16,310) (1,844) (71,845) $ 23,604 $ 4,388 $ 5,993 $ 9,667 $ 21,262 $ 933 $ 65,847 $ 12,023 $ 2,143 $ 80,013 At December 31, 2016 Future cash inflows from production Future production costs Future development costs Future income taxes $ Undiscounted future net cash flows 10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows 53,777 $ 33,520 $ 39,072 $ 44,526 $ 63,781 $ 6,338 $ 241,014 (5,500) (103,065) (19,815) (26,530) (29,677) (4,603) (7,830) (37,712) (8,503) (3,454) (20,413) (4,277) (2,664) (19,749) (4,186) (9,684) (11,058) (7,804) (13,476) (977) 69 $ 66,506 $ 11,244 $ (13,610) (20,855) (9,613) (5,254) (2,192) (1,639) 318,764 (121,929) (52,724) (48,964) 15,963 6,166 5,453 11,605 31,443 (70) 70,560 22,428 2,159 95,147 (5,123) (3,646) (1,336) (3,137) (15,284) 322 (28,204) (13,902) (972) (43,078) Standardized Measure Net Cash Flows $ 10,840 $ 2,520 $ 4,117 $ 8,468 $ 16,159 $ 252 $ 42,356 $ 8,526 $ 1,187 $ 52,069 100 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 100 143262_Financials.indd 100 3/4/19 11:55 AM Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited Table VII - Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows From Proved Reserves The changes in present values between years, which can be significant, reflect changes in estimated proved-reserve quantities and prices and assumptions used in forecasting production volumes and costs. Changes in the timing of production are included with “Revisions of previous quantity estimates.” Millions of dollars Consolidated Companies Affiliated Companies Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies Present Value at January 1, 2016 Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs Development costs incurred Purchases of reserves Sales of reserves Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs Revisions of previous quantity estimates Net changes in prices, development and production costs Accretion of discount Net change in income tax Net change for 2016 Present Value at December 31, 2016 Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs Development costs incurred Purchases of reserves Sales of reserves Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs Revisions of previous quantity estimates Net changes in prices, development and production costs Accretion of discount Net change in income tax Net change for 2017 Present Value at December 31, 2017 Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs Development costs incurred Purchases of reserves Sales of reserves Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs Revisions of previous quantity estimates Net changes in prices, development and production costs Accretion of discount Net change in income tax Net change for 2018 Present Value at December 31, 2018 $ 52,055 (14,415) 12,732 (41) 528 1,231 12,851 (37,198) 7,888 6,724 (9,700) $ 42,355 (21,505) 9,417 105 (1,148) 3,716 11,132 28,754 6,116 (13,095) 23,492 $ 65,847 (33,535) 9,723 99 (622) 5,503 15,480 39,241 9,413 (16,518) 28,784 $ 94,631 $14,927 (2,788) 2,473 — — (917) 946 (9,798) 2,113 2,758 (5,213) $ 9,714 (5,234) 3,721 — — — (1,085) 8,013 1,398 (2,361) 4,452 $14,166 (6,813) 5,044 — — 14 (2,255) 17,251 2,084 (4,795) 10,530 $24,696 $ 66,982 (17,203) 15,205 (41) 528 314 13,797 (46,996) 10,001 9,482 (14,913) $ 52,069 (26,739) 13,138 105 (1,148) 3,716 10,047 36,767 7,514 (15,456) 27,944 $ 80,013 (40,348) 14,767 99 (622) 5,517 13,225 56,492 11,497 (21,313) 39,314 $119,327 101 Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 101 143262_Financials.indd 101 3/4/19 11:55 AM our history we are proud of chevron’s 140-year history and are committed to upholding our legacy by providing the affordable, reliable, ever-cleaner energy that enables human progress 1879 Incorporated in San Francisco, California, as the Pacific Coast Oil Company. 1900 Acquired by the West Coast operations of John D. Rockefeller’s original Standard Oil Company. 1911 Emerged as an autonomous entity — Standard Oil Company (California) — following U.S. Supreme Court decision to divide the Standard Oil conglomerate into 34 independent companies. 1926 Acquired Pacific Oil Company to become Standard Oil Company of California (Socal). 1936 Formed the Caltex Group of Companies, jointly owned by Socal and The Texas Company (later became Texaco), to combine Socal’s exploration and production interests in the Middle East and Indonesia and provide an outlet for crude oil through The Texas Company’s marketing network in Africa and Asia. 1947 Acquired Signal Oil Company, obtaining the Signal brand name and adding 2,000 retail stations in the western United States. 1961 Acquired Standard Oil Company (Kentucky), a major petroleum products marketer in five southeastern states, to provide outlets for crude oil from southern Louisiana and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, where the company was a major producer. 1984 Acquired Gulf Corporation — nearly doubling the company’s crude oil and natural gas activities — and gained a significant presence in industrial chemicals, natural gas liquids and coal. Changed name to Chevron Corporation to identify with the name under which most products were marketed. 1988 Purchased Tenneco Inc.’s U.S. Gulf of Mexico crude oil and natural gas properties, becoming one of the largest U.S. natural gas producers. 1993 Formed Tengizchevroil, a joint venture with the Republic of Kazakhstan, to develop and produce the giant Tengiz Field, becoming the first major Western oil company to enter newly independent Kazakhstan. 1999 Acquired Rutherford-Moran Oil Corporation. This acquisition provided inroads to Asian natural gas markets. 2001 Merged with Texaco Inc. and changed name to ChevronTexaco Corporation. Became the second-largest U.S.-based energy company. 2002 Relocated corporate headquarters from San Francisco, California, to San Ramon, California. 2005 Acquired Unocal Corporation, an independent crude oil and natural gas exploration and production company. Unocal’s upstream assets bolstered Chevron’s already-strong position in the Asia-Pacific, U.S. Gulf of Mexico and Caspian regions. Changed name to Chevron Corporation to convey a clearer, stronger and more unified presence in the global marketplace. 2011 Acquired Atlas Energy, Inc., an indepen- dent U.S. developer and producer of shale gas resources. The acquired assets provided a targeted, high-quality core acreage position, primarily in the Marcellus Shale. glossary of energy and financial terms energy terms Additives Specialty chemicals incorporated into fuels and lubricants that enhance the performance of the finished products. Barrels of oil-equivalent (BOE) A unit of measure to quantify crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas amounts using the same basis. Natural gas volumes are converted to barrels on the basis of energy content. See oil-equivalent gas and production. Condensate Hydrocarbons that are in a gaseous state at reservoir conditions, but condense into liquid as they travel up the wellbore and reach surface conditions. Development Drilling, construction and related activities following discovery that are necessary to begin production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas. Enhanced recovery Techniques used to increase or prolong production from crude oil and natural gas reservoirs. Entitlement effects The impact on Chevron’s share of net production and net proved reserves due to changes in crude oil and natural gas prices and spending levels between periods. Under production- sharing contracts (PSCs) and variable-royalty provisions of certain agreements, price and spending variability can increase or decrease royalty burdens and/or volumes attributable to the company. For example, at higher prices, fewer volumes are required for Chevron to recover its costs under certain PSCs. Also under certain PSCs, Chevron’s share of future profit oil and/or gas is reduced once specified contractual thresholds are met, such as a cumulative return on investment. Exploration Searching for crude oil and/or natural gas by utilizing geologic and topographical studies, geophysical and seismic surveys, and drilling of wells. Gas-to-liquids (GTL) A process that converts natural gas into high-quality liquid transportation fuels and other products. Greenhouse gases Gases that trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere (e.g., water vapor, ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride). Integrated energy company A company engaged in all aspects of the energy industry, including exploring for and producing crude oil and natural gas; refining, marketing and transporting crude oil, natural gas and refined products; manufacturing and distributing petrochemicals; and generating power. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Natural gas that is liquefied under extremely cold temperatures to facilitate storage or transportation in specially designed vessels. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) Separated from natural gas, these include ethane, propane, butane and natural gasoline. Oil-equivalent gas (OEG) The volume of natural gas needed to generate the equivalent amount of heat as a barrel of crude oil. Approximately 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas is equivalent to one barrel of crude oil. Oil sands Naturally occurring mixture of bitumen (a heavy, viscous form of crude oil), water, sand and clay. Using hydroprocessing technology, bitumen can be refined to yield synthetic oil. recoverable and produced in the future, adjusted to reflect the relative uncertainty represented by the various classifications. These estimates may change significantly as development work provides additional information. At times, original oil in place and similar terms are used to describe total hydrocarbons contained in a reservoir without regard to the likelihood of their being produced. All of these measures are considered by management in making capital investment and operating decisions and may provide some indication to stockholders of the resource potential of oil and gas properties in which the company has an interest. Shale gas Natural gas produced from shale rock formations where the gas was sourced from within the shale itself. Shale is very fine-grained rock, characterized by low porosity and extremely low permeability. Production of shale gas normally requires formation stimulation such as the use of hydraulic fracturing (pumping a fluid-sand mixture into the formation under high pressure) to help produce the gas. Synthetic oil A marketable and transportable hydrocarbon liquid, resembling crude oil, that is produced by upgrading highly viscous or solid hydrocarbons, such as extra-heavy crude oil and oil sands. Tight oil Liquid hydrocarbons produced from shale (also referred to as shale oil) and other rock formations with extremely low permeability. As with shale gas, production from tight oil reservoirs normally requires formation stimulation such as hydraulic fracturing. financial terms Cash flow from operating activities Cash generated from the company’s businesses; an indicator of a company’s ability to fund capital programs and stockholder distributions. Excludes cash flows related to the company’s financing and investing activities. Debt ratio Total debt, including capital lease obligations, divided by total debt plus Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity. Earnings Net income attributable to Chevron Corporation as presented on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Free cash flow The cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures. Margin The difference between the cost of purchasing, producing and/or marketing a product and its sales price. Return on capital employed (ROCE) Ratio calculated by dividing earnings (adjusted for after-tax interest expense and noncontrolling interests) by the average of total debt, noncontrolling interests and Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity for the year. Return on stockholders’ equity Ratio calculated by dividing earnings by average Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity. Average Chevron Corporation stockholders’ equity is computed by averaging the sum of the beginning-of-year and end-of-year balances. Total stockholder return (TSR) The return to stockholders as measured by stock price appreciation and reinvested dividends for a period of time. Petrochemicals Compounds derived from petroleum. These include aromatics, which are used to make plastics, adhesives, synthetic fibers and household detergents; and olefins, which are used to make packaging, plastic pipes, tires, batteries, household detergents and synthetic motor oils. Production Total production refers to all the crude oil (including synthetic oil), NGLs and natural gas produced from a property. Net production is the company’s share of total production after deducting both royalties paid to landowners and a government’s agreed-upon share of production under a PSC. Liquids production refers to crude oil, condensate, NGLs and synthetic oil volumes. Oil-equivalent production is the sum of the barrels of liquids and the oil-equivalent barrels of natural gas produced. See barrels of oil-equivalent and oil-equivalent gas. Production-sharing contract (PSC) An agreement between a government and a contractor (generally an oil and gas company) whereby production is shared between the parties in a prearranged manner. The contractor typically incurs all exploration, development and production costs, which are subsequently recoverable out of an agreed-upon share of any future PSC production, referred to as cost recovery oil and/or gas. Any remaining production, referred to as profit oil and/or gas, is shared between the parties on an agreed-upon basis as stipulated in the PSC. The government may also retain a share of PSC production as a royalty payment, and the contractor typically owes income tax on its portion of the profit oil and/or gas. The contractor’s share of PSC oil and/or gas production and reserves varies over time, as it is dependent on prices, costs and specific PSC terms. Reserves Crude oil and natural gas contained in underground rock formations called reservoirs and saleable hydrocarbons extracted from oil sands, shale, coalbeds and other nonrenewable natural resources that are intended to be upgraded into synthetic oil or gas. Net proved reserves are the estimated quantities that geoscience and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations and exclude royalties and interests owned by others. Estimates change as additional information becomes available. Oil-equivalent reserves are the sum of the liquids reserves and the oil-equivalent gas reserves. See barrels of oil- equivalent and oil-equivalent gas. The company discloses only net proved reserves in its filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Investors should refer to proved reserves disclosures in Chevron’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Resources Estimated quantities of oil and gas resources are recorded under Chevron’s 6P system, which is modeled after the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ Petroleum Resource Management System, and include quantities classified as proved, probable and possible reserves, plus those that remain contingent on commerciality. Unrisked resources, unrisked resource base and similar terms represent the arithmetic sum of the amounts recorded under each of these classifications. Recoverable resources, potentially recoverable volumes and similar terms represent estimated remaining quantities that are expected to be ultimately Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 103 stockholder and investor information Stock exchange listing Chevron common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The symbol is “CVX.” Stockholder information As of February 11, 2019, stockholders of record numbered approximately 124,000. For questions about stock ownership, changes of address and dividend reinvestment programs, please contact Chevron’s Stock Transfer Agent: Computershare P.O. Box 505000 Louisville, KY 40233-5000 800 368 8357 (U.S. and Canada) 201 680 6578 (outside the U.S. and Canada) www.computershare.com/investor Overnight correspondence should be sent to: Computershare 462 South 4th Street Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 The Computershare Investment Plan is a direct stock purchase and dividend reinvestment plan. Dividend payment dates Quarterly dividends on common stock are paid, generally, following declaration by the Board of Directors, on or about the 10th day of March, June, September and December. Direct deposit of dividends is available to stockholders. For information, contact Computershare. (See Stockholder Information.) Annual meeting The Annual Meeting of stockholders will be held at 8 a.m. PDT, Wednesday, May 29, 2019, at: Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road San Ramon, CA 94583 Electronic access In an effort to conserve natural resources and reduce the cost of printing and mailing proxy materials, we encourage stockholders to register to receive these documents by email and vote their shares on the Internet. Stockholders of record may sign up for electronic access (and beneficial stockholders may be able to request electronic access by contacting their broker or bank or Broadridge Financial Solutions) on this website: www.icsdelivery.com/cvx/. Enrollment is revocable until each year’s Annual Meeting record date. Investor information Securities analysts, portfolio managers and representatives of financial institutions may contact: Investor Relations Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 925 842 5690 Email: invest@chevron.com Notice As used in this report, the term “Chevron” and such terms as “the company,” “the corporation,” “our,” “we,” “us” and “its” may refer to one or more of Chevron’s consolidated subsidiaries or to all of them taken as a whole. All of these terms are used for convenience only and are not intended as a precise description of any of the separate companies, each of which manages its own affairs. Corporate headquarters 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 925 842 1000 Mike Wirth sat down with CNBC in March 2018 to discuss his priorities for the year after having been named CEO and chairman. Chevron Corporation 2018 Annual Report 104 thai cave rescue demonstrates the chevron way Sixteen Chevron employees and 18 contractors mobilized to the cave site and were supported by nearly 100 employees and contractors working around the clock as part of the Emergency Management Team. In addition to personnel, Chevron also provided much-needed equipment. Within 24 hours of the Thai Navy SEALs’ request for resources, Chevron committed hundreds of oxygen tanks, dozens of tank packs and a number of gas detectors to monitor air quality in various cave chambers. Details of the company’s political contributions for 2018 are available on the company’s website, www.chevron.com, or by writing to: Corporate Affairs Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road Building G San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 For additional information about the company and the energy industry, visit Chevron’s website, www.chevron.com. It includes articles, news releases, speeches, quarterly earnings information, the Proxy Statement and the complete text of this Annual Report. Publications and other news sources The Annual Report, distributed in April, summarizes the company’s financial performance in the preced ing year and provides an overview of the company’s major activities. Chevron’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Supplement to the Annual Report, containing additional financial and operating data, are available on the company’s website, Chevron.com, or copies may be requested by contacting: Investor Relations Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, A3140 San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 925 842 5690 Email: invest@chevron.com The 2018 Corporate Responsibility Report is available in May on the company’s website, www.chevron.com/cr, where other Corporate Responsibility information can be found. A printed copy may be requested by writing to: Corporate Affairs Corporate Responsibility Communications Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road Building G San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 An in-depth report that addresses Chevron’s framework for incorporating climate change into our governance, risk management, strategy, and actions and investments is available at www .chevron.com/climate-change-resilience. connect with us This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements — identified by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “commit,” “position,” “focus,” “goal,” “target,” “schedule,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “strategy,” “project,” “forecast,” “on track” and similar phrases — that reflect management’s current estimates and beliefs, but are not guarantees of future results. Please see “Cautionary Statement Relevant to Forward-Looking Information for the Purpose of ‘Safe Harbor’ Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” on page 27 for a discussion of some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. PRODUCED BY Corporate Affairs and Comptroller’s Departments, Chevron Corporation DESIGN Information Design & Communications, Chevron Corporation PRINTING ColorGraphics — Los Angeles, California www.chevron.com/annualreport2018 C h e v r o n C o r p o r a t i o n 2 0 1 8 A n n u a l R e p o r t 2018 annual report Chevron Corporation 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324 USA www.chevron.com © 2019 Chevron Corporation. All rights reserved. 100% Recyclable 912-0981 140 years of human progress 105707_CVX_AR2018_CVR.R2.indd 1 3/18/19 12:57 PM 

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