Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Asset Management / Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings Plc

Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings Plc

ciz · LSE Financial Services
Claim this profile
Ticker ciz
Exchange LSE
Sector Financial Services
Industry Asset Management
Employees 1-10
← All annual reports
FY2023 Annual Report · Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings Plc
Sign in to download
Loading PDF…
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Company registered number: 06133765 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Contents 

Page 

Company Information  ................................................................................................................. 1 

Chair’s Statement........................................................................................................................ 2 

Board of Directors ....................................................................................................................... 4 

Strategic Report .......................................................................................................................... 5 

Directors' Report  ...................................................................................................................... 14 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities ..................................................................................... 18 

Corporate Governance Statement ............................................................................................ 19 

Directors’ Remuneration Report ................................................................................................ 25 

Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings  PLC  ............ 31 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income ................................................................. 38 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position ........................................................................... 39 

Company Statement of Financial Position ................................................................................ 40 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows .................................................................................... 41 

Company Statement of Cash Flows.......................................................................................... 42 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity .......................................................................... 43 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity ............................................................................... 44 

Notes to the Financial Statements ............................................................................................ 45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

1 

Company Information 

Directors 
Allan Syms 
Nigel Lee 
Prof. Dawn Coverley 
John Treacy 

Company Secretary 
SGH Company Secretaries Limited 

Executive Chair 
Finance Director 
Non-Executive 
Non- Executive 

Registered Number   
06133765 
                                                                 London,EC3V 0HR 

Registered Office  
6th floor, 60 Gracechurch Street 

Financial Public Relations 
IFC Advisory Limited 
Birchin Court, 20 Birchin Lane 
London 
EC3V 9DU 

Joint Broker and Financial Adviser 
Allenby Capital Limited 
5 St. Helen’s Place 
London,  
EC3A 6AB 

Shakespeare Martineau 
No 1 Colmore Square 
Birmingham 
B4 6AA 

Joint Broker 
Novum Securities Limited 
2nd floor, Lansdowne House 
57 Berkeley Square 
London 
W1J 6ER 

Solicitors 
Cooley (UK) LLP 
22 Bishopsgate  
London  
EC2N 4BQ 

Independent Auditor 
PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
15 Westferry Circus 
London 
E14 4HD 

Registrar 
Neville Registrars Limited 
Neville House 
Steelpark Road 
Halesowen 
B62 8HD 

Bankers 
National Westminster Bank PLC, 
27, Market Place, 
Romsey, SO51 8ZH 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

Chair’s Statement 

2 

The Group continued throughout 2023 to develop a blood test  to measure the CIZ1B cancer biomarker. 
CIZ1B  is  a  variant  of  CIZ1,a  naturally  occurring  cell  nuclear  protein  involved  in  ensuring  normal  DNA 
replication, and the targeted CIZ1B variant has been shown to be  highly correlated with early-stage lung 
cancer. 

Based on the original published research by Professor Coverley and her team at the University of York,   
it has been shown that CIZ1B can be measured with high sensitivity   that should allow for testing in a 
high-throughput,  hospital-friendly  format.  The  Directors  believe  that  this  development  addresses  an 
important unmet clinical  need  for a simple test  that can  help with  the early detection of  lung cancer, 
which is essential to improve a patient’s chance of survival.  

The Board intends that the  Group’s initial commercial product will be based on  a platform  that can be 
readily  performed  by  hospitals  and  reference  laboratories.  To  address  the  wider  high  volume  global 
market, it is also envisaged  that potential follow-on products could be immunoassay kits and a point of 
care test provided by  primary health care providers. 

Research and Development 

Throughout 2023, the Group  continued to work with external expert partners and suppliers to  develop 
and supply of proprietary key monoclonal antibodies and other detector proteins for its assay platform. 
This strategic approach is intended to enable the Group to produce different assay formats with optimised 
reagents using  a range of specific antibodies and to ensure resilience in critical supply chains. 

On 24 April 2023 the Group announced a new 12 month agreement with the University of York, running 
until 25 September 2024, that builds on successful outcomes from the current research programme and 
meeting key milestones for monoclonal antibody characterisation and assay platform optimisation. This 
agreement  extended  access  to  state  of  the  art  facilities  and  world  leading  scientists  to  support  new 
solutions for early cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. 

On 10 August 2023 the Group announced an expansion of its research programme with the University of 
York  to  further  develop  its  CIZ1B  biomarker  technology  for  early  stage  cancer  diagnosis,  and  other 
potential applications in cancer therapy. This followed significant further progress in isolating additional 
new and specific monoclonal antibodies to the CIZ1B biomarker and incorporating these into a new high-
throughput clinical diagnostic immunoassay platform. The recent developments meet key milestones for 
required for commercial clinical trials.  

On  19  September  2023  the  Group  and  Bio-Techne  Corporation,  a  NASDAQ  Tech  listed  company, 
announced  progress  evaluating  specific  monoclonal  antibodies  for  Cizzle’s  CIZ1B  cancer  biomarker. 
Cizzle has successfully completed an evaluation programme aimed at assessing the feasibility of using 
the Simple Western platform from ProteinSimple (a Bio-Techne brand) for high throughput detection of 
the CIZ1B cancer biomarker which may be useful in the detection of early-stage lung cancer. 

It was announced on 26 March 2024 that the Group  has successfully completed a further monoclonal 
antibody  development  programme  with  ProteoGenix,  a  France-based  antibody  development  and 
production  contract  research  organisation  (CRO),  with  a  track  record  in  generating  antibodies  from 
development to production for therapeutic, diagnostic and research use.   

The Directors believe that it now has a developed a range of  monoclonal antibodies to optimise its current 
and future product formats which in additional extend important  proprietary rights that the Group has for 
detecting the CIZ1B Biomarker. 

The  Group  is  now  well  placed  to  meet  key  milestones  planned  for  the  launch  of  its  first  commercial 
product.  This  includes  the  manufacturing  and  scale  up  of  key  antibodies  and  reagents,  that  following 
performance  testing  in  clinical  trials  are  intended  to  become  the  core  components  of  the  Group's 
commercial test for the CIZ1B biomarker. 

Reaching Global Markets 

The Group has continued its discussions with existing partners in the USA and China to develop its future 
opportunities in Global Markets. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

3 

The  Group  announced  on  2  April  2024  a  non-binding  Memorandum  of  Understanding  (“MoU”)  for  a 
strategic  and  exclusive  licensing  agreement  to  develop  and  offer  its  proprietary  test  for  the  CIZ1B 
biomarker  which  is  highly  associated  with  early-stage  lung  cancer,  throughout  the  USA  and  Canada 
(“North America”). The new partnership is intended to incorporate the Group’s existing relationship with 
Corepath Laboratories, a full-service cancer reference laboratory, as announced on 6 May 2022, through 
a dedicated, recently incorporated, US based company Cizzle Bio Inc (“BIO”). 

Subject to binding documentation, the proposed royalty arrangements with CorePath will be restructured 
to enable the Group  to gain significant cash flows from new royalty payments and significant cost savings. 
All planned expenditure related to clinical trials and the commercialization of diagnostic tests for the CIZ1B 
biomarker in the USA are expected to be funded directly by BIO.  

The  Group    will  receive  minimum  advance  royalty  payments  of  US$2.3  million  over  a  period  of  30 
months, payable as to US$0.3 million on signing the binding agreement and a further US$1.0 million on 
each of the fifteenth and thirtieth month anniversaries of signing as part of annual royalty fees of 10% of 
net sales. 

In addition, the Group will benefit from the free issue of shares in BIO.  

BIO is paying a non-refundable upfront fee of US$100,000 within 30 days of signing the MoU for a 120-
day exclusivity period to complete the formal legally binding agreement. 

Funding 

In June 2023 the Group raised net proceeds, before expenses, of £305,000 (gross proceeds: £350,000). 

On 26 September 2023 the Company exercised the option to acquire £3,250,000 payable in shares in 
Conduit  Pharmaceuticals  Inc,  a  company  that  was  subsequently  listed  on  NASDAQ  during  December 
2023. The Company were not able to have these shares registered with its custodian until January 2024. 

On 26 March 2024 the Group  announced that it had undertaken a conditional placing of 31,050,000 new 
ordinary shares of 0.01p each (“Ordinary Shares”) in the Company (the “Placing”) at a price of 2 pence 
per share (the “Issue Price”) raising approximately £0.62 million before expenses for the Group. The net 
proceeds of the Placing will be utilised towards completing the Group’s first proposed commercial test to 
detect CIZ1B, further protect the Group’s Intellectual Property (IP), progress the Group’s research with 
the University of York and for general corporate purposes. 

Upon completion of the Placing, the Group  terminated the £500,000 loan facility agreement with E3 Fund 
SP entered into on 20 September 2022. This facility has not been drawn down. 

The  Group  also  agreed  to  issue  1,500,000  new  Ordinary  Shares  at  2p  per  new  Ordinary  Share  in 
satisfaction of a payment of £30,000 for professional advisory services to Novum Securities Limited. 

Financial overview 

The financial results for the year ended 31 December 2023 are summarized below: 

-  Corporate  expenses,  before  share  option  charge  and  exceptional  items:  £669,000  (2022: 

£823,000); 

-  Share option charge: £307,000 (2022: £140,000); 
-  Exceptional  corporate  expenses  relating  to  net  measurement  losses  on  the  current  asset 

investment and the transfer of intangible asset: £787,000 (2022: £Nil); 

-  Total comprehensive loss: £1,717,000 (2022 Loss £912,000); and 
- 

Loss per share 0.5 p (2022: Loss 0.3 p). 

Allan Syms 
Executive Chair 
29 April 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

4 

Board of directors 
Dr Allan Syms (Executive Chair), appointed 21 May 2019 

Allan is an experienced international life sciences and technology senior executive, with over 30 years of 
experience  at  Board  level  often  as  founder  or  chief  executive  officer  in  creating,  funding  and  building 
emerging technology businesses through to trade sale and IPO. After gaining a PhD in cancer biology at 
the Tenovus Institute of Cancer Research and postdoctoral fellowships at Baylor College of Medicine in 
Houston  and Oxford University, he began his corporate career at GE Healthcare (formerly Amersham 
International PLC) to develop novel diagnostic detection systems. He then worked with a number of UK 
leading universities to spin out and develop technology businesses. Allan has extensive experience in 
M&A,  licensing  and  managing  strategic  change,  becoming  corporate  marketing  director  at  Integra 
Biosciences  AG  a  leading  Swiss  laboratory  and  diagnostics  supplies  company.  He  was  previously  a 
specialist adviser on China to the Department of International Trade. 

Allan was appointed Non-Executive Chair on 21 May 2019 and was appointed Executive Chair with 
effect from 14 May 2021. 

John Treacy (Non-Executive Director), appointed 29 January 2019 

John is a London-based experienced financier who specialises in working with growing companies. He 
qualified as a solicitor in the London office of a major international law firm where he specialised in Capital 
Markets and Mergers & Acquisitions. From there he moved to practice corporate finance in the advisory 
teams of several prominent UK brokerages where he acted as an adviser to a number of AIM companies 
and advised on numerous IPOs, acquisitions, debt restructurings and placings.   

John is also the Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee and the Chair of the Remuneration Committee. 

Professor Dawn Coverley (Non-Executive Director), appointed 14 May 2021 

Dawn is a cell biologist with over 20 years’ experience in cancer-related research. After a first degree in 
Genetics  (Leicester),  and  a  PhD  in  biochemistry  (Cancer  Research  UK),  she  completed  postdoctoral 
training at the University of Cambridge, then moved to the University of York to establish an independent 
research group in 2002, supported by the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. Her research exploits 
experimental systems that reconstitute fundamental processes associated with genome and epigenome 
stability, and their contribution to the earliest stages of human cancers. She founded Cizzle Biotechnology 
Limited and raised early-stage funding in 2006 to begin development of her research findings into clinically 
useful  products,  focused  on  CIZ1B  and  the  early  detection  of  lung  cancer.  She  is  currently  principal 
investigator of an academic research laboratory at the University of York and Scientific Director of Cizzle 
Biotechnology. 

Dawn is also a member of the Audit and Risk Committee and Remuneration Committee. 

Nigel Lee (Finance Director), appointed 14 May 2021 

Nigel  has  been  a  director  of  CFO  Solutions  Limited  since  2003  which  has  provided  financial  advisory 
services to the Group since 2010, as well as company secretarial services since 2012. CFO Solutions 
Limited ceased providing these services to the Group on 14 May 2021.  He is also a part-time Finance 
Director of Kent Surrey Sussex AHSN Limited. He was financial director/controller in two IT services and 
software companies between 1999 to 2003 and prior to that had 11 years of audit and business advisory 
experience at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Nigel qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1988. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

5 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023  

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

Business review 

The review of the Group is detailed in the Chair’s Statement on pages 2 to 3. 

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The principal risks and uncertainties of the Group are as follows: 

Pre-revenue business 
The  Group  is  still  at  an  early  stage  of  its  development  cycle,  has  not  generated  revenues  from  its 
operations to date and has a history of operating losses. The generation of revenues is difficult to predict 
and  there  is  no  guarantee  that  the  Group  will  generate  significant  or  any  revenues  in  the  foreseeable 
future.  There  are  a  number  of  operational,  strategic  and  financial  risks  associated  with  early-stage 
companies. The Group will face risks frequently encountered by pre-revenue companies looking to bring 
new medical devices to the market. For the foreseeable future, the Group will have significant reliance 
upon the success of the CIZ1B biomarker in the detection of lung cancer. There is no guarantee that the 
Group’s intellectual property will ultimately result in a commercially viable test for the detection of lung 
cancer. It is also possible that technical and/or regulatory hurdles could lengthen the time required for the 
delivery of such a testing product. 

The Group’s prospects, inter alia, rest initially upon the rate of consumer penetration for its test for the 
early detection of lung cancer, once fully developed. The Group’s future growth and prospects will also 
depend on its ability to secure commercialisation partnerships on appropriate terms, to manage growth 
and to expand and improve operational, financial and management information, quality control systems 
and its commercialisation function on a timely basis, whilst at the same time maintaining effective cost 
controls.  Any  failure  to  expand  and  improve  operational,  financial  and  management  information  and 
quality control systems in line with the Group’s growth could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s 
business, financial condition and results of operations.  

Regulatory environment and the process for obtaining regulatory clearance 
The Group’s prospective future products will be subject to various laws, regulations and standards in each 
of the jurisdictions in which products are to be manufactured and distributed. The Board intends to launch 
its first commercial product in the USA with clinical trials and operating protocols  for the CIZ1B biomarker 
test to be delivered through its partnership with Cizzle Bio Inc as a Laboratory Developed Test (LDT).  

Verifying Accurate Leading-edge IVCT Development (VALID) Act 

On  September  29,  2023,  the  Food  and  Drug  Administration  (FDA) announced the  publication  of 
a proposed rule to “clarify” that LDTs are medical devices subject to FDA regulation. LDTs are diagnostic 
tests that are developed and offered by high-complexity laboratories certified under the Clinical Laboratory 
Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). While FDA has asserted that it has authority to regulate LDTs 
as  medical  devices,  it  has  never  broadly  exercised  that  authority.  In  the  proposed  rule,  FDA  seeks  to 
amend its regulation defining “in vitro diagnostic products” (IVDs) to add the words “including when the 
manufacturer of these products is a laboratory” which would mean LDT’s would be treated as medical 
devices and require FDA approval.  Currently the VALID Act bill has not been enacted to enable Congress 
to work with key stakeholders on legislative proposals for regulating diagnostics, including LDTs especially 
those within the laboratory community and others have long taken the position that FDA does not have 
authority under the FDCA to regulate LDTs. 

The Group’s future products are likely to require  UKCA, CE Marking, or FDA 510(k) clearance , There 
can  be  no  guarantee  that  the  Group’s    products  will    obtain  UKCA,  CE  marking,  LDT  or  FDA  510(k) 
clearance. There can also be no guarantee that future UKCA, CE marking, LDT or FDA 510(k) clearance 
can be obtained within the timescales or the budgets anticipated by the Directors.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

6 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 

The Group intends to pursue UKCA, CE marking approval, LDT accreditation or FDA 510(k) clearance 
via the use of retrospective testing data. However, if retrospective testing data is not sufficient to obtain 
UKCA, CE marking approval, LDT accreditation and/or FDA 510(k) clearance, then the Group may need 
to complete a prospective study, which it is anticipated would be more expensive and would take longer. 

Any other potential delays in obtaining the UKCA CE marking approval, LDT accreditation or potentially 
FDA 510(k) clearance would adversely affect the timing of the Group’s future product sales into the EU 
(or the USA in the case of a LDT or FDA 510(k) clearance). There is no guarantee that there will not be 
an extended period of requests for information or supporting data that could add to the timing for receiving 
the UKCA/CE mark (or potentially a LDT or FDA 510(k) clearance). 

There are significant uncertainties associated with the exit by the UK from its membership of the European 
Union.  Since  1  January  2021,  there  have  been  a  number  of  changes,  introduced  through  secondary 
legislation,  to  how  medical  devices  are  placed  on  the  market  in  Great  Britain  (England,  Wales  and 
Scotland). On 9 January 2024, the MHRA released a Roadmap towards the future regulatory framework 
for  medical  devices.  This  provides  an  update  on  the  intended  timelines  to  implement  the  future  core 
regulations. 

• UK Notified Bodies are not able to issue CE certificates (other than for the purposes of the “CE UKNI” 
marking, which is valid in Northern Ireland) – and have become UK Approved Bodies. 
• a new route to market and product marking is available for manufacturers wishing to place a device on 
the Great Britain market; 
• since 1 January 2021, all medical devices, including in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDs), placed 
on the Great Britain market need to be registered with the MHRA. There is a grace period for registering: 
Class IIIs and Class IIb implantables, and all active implantable medical devices and IVD List A 

- 

products must be registered from 1 May 2021; 

- 

other Class IIb and  all Class IIa devices and IVD  List B  products  and Self-Test  IVDs must be 

registered from 1 September 2021; 

- 

Class  I  devices,  custom-made  devices  and  general  IVDs  (that  do  not  currently  need  to  be 

registered) must be registered from 1 January 2022; and 
• manufacturers of Class I devices, custom-made devices and general IVDs that, prior to 1 January 2021, 
were  required  to  register  their  devices  with  the  MHRA  (i.e.  UK-based  manufacturers  or  third  country 
manufacturers with Northern Ireland-based Authorised Representatives) must continue to register their 
devices from 1 January 2021 on the same basis as they do now rather than in line with the above dates.  

The Group’s lung cancer blood test may  be classed as an IVD List B product. 

It is anticipated that the MHRA wishes to strengthen regulation to protect patients post-Brexit. Changes 
to regulation could lead to potential delays in obtaining the UKCA CE marking approval, LDT accreditation 
or potentially FDA 510(k) clearance and there can be no guarantee that the Group’s future products will 
ultimately obtain UKCA, CE marking, LDT or FDA 510(k) clearance or that future UKCA, CE marking, 
LDT or FDA 510(k) clearance can be obtained within the timescales or the budgets anticipated by the 
Directors. The Group will closely monitor changes to regulation brought about by the MHRA and work 
with the MHRA to try to ensure that the Group’s products meet any changes in the standards. 

On 21 October 2022, the MHRA announced a 12 month extension of the standstill period on the future 
Medical Device regime which is a substantial reform of the current framework. This is to ensure that the 
future regime is robust and reflects the detail required to avoid disruption to supplies, support innovation 
and enable safe access to Medical Devices for UK patients. It is anticipated that the new regulations will 
come into force in July 2024. This will provide additional time to develop the legislation and support system 
readiness. 

There  are  possible  further  uncertainties  as  to  the  current  and  future  fiscal,  monetary  and  regulatory 
landscape in the UK. There is also uncertainty as to how, when and to what extent the continuing impact 
of Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine, the Middle East and potential 
low levels of economic growth, will have an impact more generally on the economy of the UK and the 
growth of various industries, consumer confidence, levels of investor activity and confidence in market 
performance. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

7 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 

The  UK’s  exit  from  the  EU  may  yet  lead  to  a  more  complicated  and  uncertain  process  for  obtaining 
regulatory clearance to market the Group’s future products in the UK and the EU. In the event of such  
complications or delays in obtaining regulatory clearance for marketing in the UK or the EU, the Group 
will consider giving higher priority to compliance with the LDT and FDA 510(k) clearance process.  

Following Brexit, the Group will need to comply  with  the  Medical Devices (Amendment  etc.) (EU  Exit) 
Regulations 2019 if it is to market its future products in the UK.  

Failure to comply with additional requirements as a result of regulatory change and/or failure to receive 
regulatory clearance may adversely impact the Group’s ability to develop and market its products which 
in turn may have an adverse impact on the business of the Group.  

Complex research and development processes 
Certain elements of the reagents and other components which are planned to be used in the Group’s test 
for lung cancer are complex and bespoke in their nature and may be difficult to reproduce in an optimised 
manner.  Any  unexpected  delays  or  issues  with  this  process  may  have  an  impact  on  the  Group’s 
anticipated development and commercialisation strategy and its timeline. 

Competition and the pace of development in the healthcare industry  
The  Directors  are  aware  of  a  number  of  competitor  companies  which  are  seeking  to  develop, 
commercialise  or  market  alternative  types  of  tests  for  the  detection  of  cancer,  including  lung  cancer. 
Certain competitors already have UKCA, CE of FDA 510K marking or LDT accreditation for lung cancer 
detection  products.  Existing  or  new  competitors  may  have  larger  resources,  greater  market  presence, 
economies of scale or a lower cost base than the Group. Diagnosis of lung cancer needs to be made at 
a much earlier stage through the availability of an accurate in vitro diagnostic test. This is being addressed 
by a number of different technologies to the Group, for example autoantibody technology and tests on 
circulating DNA including those based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene panels. It is 
therefore possible that the  market may evolve  and other tests and companies may provide  alternative 
solutions. Few tests are aimed at early detection (cancer stages 1 and 2) or on reducing significantly the 
number  of  false  positives  achieved  via  X-Ray  and  chest  CT  scans.  While  many  blood  tests  to  detect 
tumour  markers  are  available  or  under  development,  many  are  hampered  as  markers  may  also  be 
produced by normal cells. In contrast, the Group’s test is based on technology to find a biomarker in early 
-stage tumours..  

The Group operates within the biotechnology sector, a complex area of the healthcare industry. Rapid 
scientific and technological change within the biotechnology sector could lead to other market participants 
creating approaches, products and services equivalent or superior to the diagnostic testing products and 
services than those to be offered by the Group, which could adversely affect the Group’s performance 
and  success.  Better  resourced  competitors  may  be  able  to  devote  more  time  and  capital  towards  the 
research  and  development  process,  which,  in  turn,  could  lead  to  scientific  and/or  technological 
breakthroughs that may materially alter the outlook or focus for markets in which the Group will operate.  

If  the  Group  is  unable  to  keep  pace  with  the  changes  in  the  biotechnology  sector  and  in  the  wider 
healthcare industry, the demand for its prospective future testing platforms and associated products and 
services could fall, which may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition, 
capital resources, results and/or future operations. In  addition, certain of the Group’s competitors may 
have  significantly  greater  financial  and  human  resource  capacity  and,  as  such,  better  manufacturing 
capability or sales and marketing expertise. New companies with alternative technologies and products 
may  also  emerge.  Any  of  these  events  may  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Group’s  business, 
financial condition, capital resources, results and/or future operations. 

Attraction and retention of key management and employees  
The successful operation of the Group will depend partly upon the performance and expertise of its current 
and  future  management  and  employees.  The  loss  of  the  services  of  certain  of  these  members  of  the 
Company’s key management, particularly Professor Dawn Coverley and Dr Allan Syms or the inability to 
identify,  attract  and  retain  a  sufficient  number  of  suitably  skilled  and  qualified  employees  may  have  a 
material adverse effect on the Group.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

8 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 

Complex research and development processes 
Certain elements of the reagents and other components which are planned to be used in the Group’s test 
for lung cancer are complex and bespoke in their nature and may be difficult to reproduce in an optimised 
manner.  Any  unexpected  delays  or  issues  with  this  process  may  have  an  impact  on  the  Group’s 
anticipated development and commercialisation strategy and its timeline. 

Ownership and protection of intellectual property rights 
The  Group’s  ability  to  compete  will  depend  in  part  upon  the  successful  protection  of  its  intellectual 
property,  in  particular  its  patents  and  know-how.  The  Group  seeks  to  protect  its  intellectual  property 
through  the  filing  of  patent  applications,  as  well  as  robust  confidentiality  obligations  on  its  employees. 
Filing,  prosecuting  and  defending  patents  in  all  countries  throughout  the  world  would  be  prohibitively 
expensive. It is possible that competitors will use the technologies in jurisdictions where the Group has 
not yet obtained patent protection in order to develop its own products which will then directly compete 
against the Group’s product.  

Future product liability risks 
The Group’s future business may expose it to potential product liability and indemnity risks. There can be 
no  assurance  that  the  necessary  insurance  cover  will  be  available  to  the  Group  at  a  commercially 
acceptable cost or that, in the event of any claim, the level or extent of insurance carried by the Group 
now or in the future will be adequate, or that a product liability or other claim would not materially and 
adversely affect the business of the Group. 

Lack of manufacturing process 
The Group currently has no manufacturing process. Future manufacturing process will be outsourced to 
a partner specialising in manufacture. These arrangements usually provide for an adequate volume of 
manufacturing capability. No assurance can be given that a future manufacturing partner (i) can be found 
to provide a product on commercially acceptable terms and (ii) will achieve and sustain the production 
yields required to meet the Group’s future customers’ demand for the Group’s products; in either case 
this could have a material and adverse effect on the Group’s business. 

Future funding requirements  
The Company has raised approximately £0.62m of funds through the issue of new shares in April 2024 
and announced the signing of a MOU with Cizzle Bio Inc which would guarantee reduced research and 
developed costs in the UK as well as guaranteeing a minimum royalty payment of $2.3m over a period of 
30 months from the signing of a binding agreement. If these royalty payments did not arise then alternative 
sources of funding would need to be sought which could delay the activities planned under the Group’s 
business plan. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when needed or on suitable terms, the 
Group could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate future plans or aspirations should the current activity 
deliver potentially commercially viable results in the future. Any additional equity fundraising to finance 
opportunities arising may be dilutive for Shareholders. Any debt-based funding, should it be achievable, 
may bind the Group to restrictive covenants and curb its operating activities and ability to pay potential 
future dividends even when profitable. Finally, changes in interest rates could have an adverse impact on 
the Group’s business by increasing the cost of capital and may negatively impact the Group’s ability to 
secure financing on favourable terms.  

Timely completion of project milestones to commercialise the Group’s technology 
The  Group  must  meet  project  milestones  in  order  to  commercialise  its  technology  in  line  with  market 
expectations  and  to  ensure  that  its  first  product  reaches  the  market  at  the  most  appropriate  time  to 
maximise the market opportunity. The Directors continually review project milestones and action to be 
undertaken  at  monthly  operational  and  board  meetings  but  no  guarantee  can  be  given  that  such 
milestones shall be achieved on time or at all. Material delays to project delivery may, among other things, 
damage relationships with key suppliers and other business partners and may risk other market entrants 
building  market  share  which  may  have  an  adverse  effect  of  the  Group’s  business.  Delays  in  meeting 
project milestones may also delay the Group from generating potential revenue from licensing and current 
royalty deals. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

9 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Principal risks and uncertainties (continued) 

Economic uncertainty 
There are significant uncertainties as to the current and future fiscal, monetary and regulatory landscape 
in  the  UK.  Economic  and  global  political  uncertainty,  including  the  continuing  impact  of  Brexit,  post 
COVID-19 pandemic economic correction , the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine and potential low levels 
of  economic  growth,  are  likely  to  put  cost  pressures  on  services  which  the  Group  requires  for  both 
research,  development  and  professional  advisory.  The  Group  will  continue  to  negotiate  fixed  price 
contracts with its professional advisors, however such contracts will need to be renewed and renegotiated 
periodically. In addition new adviser contracts may need to be entered into from time to time, most likely 
on a project to project basis. In each case, fixed prices may be higher than those prices paid by the Group 
in the past. 

Key performance indicators (KPI’s)  

The directors have identified the following KPI’s that they feel are the most vital measurements for the 
Group to monitor given its current stage of development. These KPI’s are considered at each board and 
monthly operational meeting. 
Cash management 
The directors consider the cash flows for the previous month and the updated rolling cash flow forecast 
for  the  Group.  At  31  December  2023  the  Group  had  cash  balances  amounting  to  £144,000  (2022: 
£478,000) and no borrowings. 

Intellectual Property 
Each  month  the  directors  review  the  Group’s  Intellectual  Property  Portfolio  and  the  applications  and 
renewals required to maintain this portfolio. The Group’s patent portfolio currently includes: 

-  CIZ1 Replication Protein 
-  Methods and Compounds for diagnosis and treatment of cancer; and 
-  Use of a Fibrinogen Capture Agent to detect a CIZ1B variant. 

Diversity 

The Group is aware of the importance of workplace diversity which includes but is not limited to gender, 
age, ethnicity and cultural background. The Group’s only employees are the directors, which consists of 
three men and one woman. 

Under the FCA’s Listing Rule 14, as a Standard Listed entity, the Group is subject to certain Diversity and 
Inclusion targets. These include: i) at least 40% of the individuals on its board of directors are women; (ii) 
at least one senior position (chair, chief executive, senior independent director or chief financial officer) 
on its board of directors is held by a woman; and (iii) at least one individual on its board of directors is 
from a minority ethnic background. Unfortunately the Group has been unable to meet these targets during 
the  period,  largely  due  to  the  small,  early  stage  nature  of  the  business  and  the  short  time  since  its 
formation. The Group recognises the benefits of diversity across all areas and  believes that a  diverse 
Board is a positive factor in business success, brings a broader, more rounded perspective to decision 
making, and makes the Board more effective. When recruiting, the Board will endeavour to consider a 
wide and diverse talent pool whilst also taking into account the optimum make-up of the Board, including 
the  benefits  of  differences  in  skills,  industry  experience,  business  model  experience,  gender,  race, 
disability, age, nationality, background and other attributes that individuals may bring. 

Corporate Responsibility 

The Group consists of four directors who all work from their homes and one director also works at  the 
University of York. As we undertake our research and development activities and manage the affairs of 
the business and develop our plans for the future our business practices focus on the following areas: 
-  Health and Safety, and ensuring that all of our employees operate in a safe environment; 
-  Environment, managing our environmental impact in areas of waste, energy and water; 
-  Employee support, to ensure that all employees flourish; 
-  Ethical Standards, operating at the highest level in all business dealings. 

Whist our current levels of engagement do not enable much engagement with the local community, we 
wish, as our business grows, to have positive interaction with the communities in which we operate. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

10 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Climate-Related matters 

There is limited scope for the Group to have a major impact on environmental manners  at the current 
phase of the Group but we do undertake and take actions to undertake recycling and energy conservation 
in our daily activities. 

We have considered the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures 
(TCFD) recommendations and have reported below our status against the following pillars: 

- 
- 

- 

- 

Governance – the governance around climate- related risks and opportunities; 
Strategy  –  the  actual  and  potential  impacts  of  climate-related  risks  and  opportunities  for  the 
business, strategy, and financial planning; 
Risk Management – the processes for identifying, assessing and managing climate-related risks; 
and 
Metrics and Targets – the metrics and targets used to assess and manage relevant climate-related 
risks and opportunities. 

a. 

Governance 

The  Boards  oversight  of  climate-related  risks  and  opportunities  –  due  to  the  research  and 
development stage of the business the Group’s operations are at a relatively small scale and so therefore 
its environmental impact. The Group consists of four directors with most of its research and development 
activity  outsourced  to  third  party  organisations.  The  Group  recognises  its  responsibility  to  protect  the 
environment now and as the business scales up into its next phase.  

Managements role in assessing and managing climate-related risks and opportunities – The Board 
is responsible for the oversight of climate-related matters and for keeping under review the adequacy and 
effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems, which include climate-related 
risks. It is also supported by the work undertaken by our Audit Committee. 

b. 

Strategy 

Climate-related risks and opportunities identification – The Group is committed to a net-zero planet 
and undertaking sustainable research.   

Climate-related risks and opportunities impacts – the Board is committed  to conserving its natural 
resources and engaging with those partners and suppliers that have similar objectives. The main part of 
our research and development activity is undertaken at the University of York and overseen by Professor 
Dawn  Coverley.  This  work  is  governed  by  strict  policies  on  climate-related  matters,  outlined  in 
its  Sustainability Plan (https://www.york.ac.uk/about/sustainability/strategy/). In particular, excessive use 
of single-use plastics is an issue that concerns the Coverley laboratory. They have adopted a rigorous 
recycling  regime  for  polypropylene  and  polystyrene  items,  which  involves  decontamination  and 
partitioning of almost all cell culture consumables. This feeds into a department-wide drive and is part of 
a wider sustainability strategy for a range of items from batteries to equipment.  Some of the Group’s at 
the  University  of    York  involves  mammalian  cell  culture  which  uses  single-use  plastic  items,  all  now 
recycled.  

During 2024 we anticipate that clinical trials will be undertaken by one of our partners. We will seek to 
ensure that Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) will be an important consideration as part of 
this work.  

Resilience of the organisations strategy – the information collected during its work will allow the Board 
to challenge the Group’s strategy to ensure that it is as resilient as possible. 

c. 

Risk Management 

Identifying and assessing climate-related risks – the main current risk on environmental matters is to 
ensure that we undertake our research in a sustainable way. This can be done through our partners to 
whom this work is outsourced.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

11 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Climate-Related matters (continued) 

In the future, we recognise that when we develop a ‘Point of Care test’, perhaps similar to the Covid-19 
tests, that such products are likely to be regarded as ‘Bio Waste’ and therefore difficult to recycle. It will 
also be important one day to ensure that such products are packaged and distributed in an 
environmentally sustainable manner. 

Managing climate-related risks – these risks will continue to be managed by the Board as part of its 
Risk Management Procedures. 

Integration  into  overall  risk  management  –  as  operations  scale  up  in  the  future  the  identification, 
assessment   and effective  management of climate-related risks and  opportunities will be discussed at 
board meetings.   

d. 

Metrics and targets  

Climate-related  metrics  -  as  the  Group’s  operations  scale  up  we  will  seek  to  collect,  structure  and 
effectively disclose related performance data for material climate-related risks and opportunities identified 
where relevant.  

Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions -the board will consider adopting Sustainability Accounting 
Standards Board (SASB)  recommended disclosures but this may be dependent upon the business model 
that the Group  adopts in order to seek to  maximise  shareholder value.  E.g. it  may be that the Group 
pursues a licensing model.   

Climate-related targets –  we have already mentioned that all directors mainly  work from  home  apart 
from one that is based at the University of York, so business travel is already minimised. This means that 
energy use and emissions, through remote working, are already minimised. Consequently, no separate 
disclosures relating to energy consumption and efficiency have been made as the entity consumed less 
than 40,000 kWh of energy during the period. 

Promotion of the Company for the benefit of the Members as a whole 

S172  of  the  Companies  Act  2006  requires  the  Board  to  promote  the  Company  for  the  benefit  of  the 
members as a whole. In particular, the requirements of s172 are for the Directors to:  

•  Consider the likely consequences of any decision in the long term;  
•  Act fairly between the members of the Company;  
•  Maintain a reputation for high standards of business conduct;  
•  Consider the interests of the Company’s employees;  
•  Foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others; and  
•  Consider the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment.  

The directors have strived to ensure that these considerations are embedded within its decision-making 
process. 

Decision-making 

The  day  to  day  operation  decisions  of  the  Group  have  been  made  by  the  executive  directors.  All  key 
decisions of the Group have been made at board meetings involving all directors. The Directors believe 
that during the year they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the Company for 
the  benefit  of  its  members  as  a  whole  and  have  adhered  to  the  requirements  set  out  above  that  are 
applicable to the Company given its scope of operations. For example, the Company, does not have any 
employees other than the directors, so considering employee interests is not currently relevant. 

The principal decisions taken by the Group during the year ended 31 December 2023 and since the year 
end have been summarised in the Chair’s Statement on pages 2 to 4 and are summarised as follows: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

12 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Decision-making (continued) 

Decision: to raise new monies for the Company to ensure a sound financial base. 
Context 
In June 2023 the Company completed a fund raising providing gross proceeds of £350,000 by way of 
a subscription for its shares. The funds will be used to provide working capital for the Company and to 
continue  development  of  a  laboratory-developed  test  (“LDT”)  accredited  service  for  taking  the 
Company’s proprietary CIZ1B biomarker blood test for use in the  early detection of lung cancer and 
through to UKCA, CE marking and/or FDA 510(k) clearance. 

On 21 Sept 2023 the Group announced an update on its Option with Conduit and noted shareholder 
approval for Conduit-Murphy merger and NASDAQ listing. The Company has a put option to sell its 
5% economic  interest and  royalty sharing agreement  in the AZD 1656 asset to treat inflammatory 
pulmonary  and  cardiovascular  disease  to  Conduit  for  a  total  consideration  of  £3.25  million,  to  be 
satisfied through the issuance of new shares in Conduit (the "Option").  The merger completed and 
Conduit became a publicly traded company on NASDAQ in the USA on 25 September 2023.  Cizzle 
exercised its Option on 26 September 2023 and the Company as at 31 December 2023 held 395,460 
shares in the NASDAQ listed business with no restrictions.  

On 26 March 2024 the Company announced that it has undertaken a conditional placing of 
31,050,000 new ordinary shares of 0.01p each (“Ordinary Shares”) in the Company (the “Placing”) at 
a price of 2 pence per share (the “Issue Price”) raising approximately £0.62 million before expenses 
for the Company. The net proceeds of the Placing will be utilised towards completing the Company’s 
first proposed commercial test to detect CIZ1B, further protect the Company’s Intellectual Property 
(IP), progress the Company’s research with the University of York and for general corporate 
purposes. Upon completion of the Placing, the Company intends to terminate the £500,000 loan 
facility agreement with E3 Fund SP entered into on 20 September 2022. This facility has not been 
drawn down. The Company also agreed to issue 1,500,000 new Ordinary Shares at 2p per new 
ordinary share in satisfaction of a payment of £30,000 for professional advisory services to Novum 
Securities Limited. 

Stakeholder considerations (Shareholders) 
The raising of new finance  ensures that the Company has  a sound financial platform from which to 
develop the Group’s activities. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

13 

Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Decision-making (continued) 

Decision: to continue the enhancement of its research and development capabilities 
Context 
The Group has continued throughout 2023 in developing a blood test  to measure the CIZ1B cancer 
biomarker. CIZ1B  is a variant of CIZ1,a  naturally occurring cell nuclear  protein  involved in ensuring 
normal DNA replication, and the targeted CIZ1B variant has been shown to be  highly correlated with 
early-stage lung cancer. 

Based on the original published research by Professor Coverley and her team at the University of York,   
it has been shown that CIZ1B can be measured with high sensitivity  that should allow for testing in a 
high-throughput, hospital-friendly format. The Directors believe that this development addresses  an 
important unmet clinical need  for a simple test that can help with  the early detection of lung cancer, 
which is essential to improve a patient’s chance of survival.  

The Board intends that the  Group’s initial commercial product will be based on  a platform  that can be 
readily performed by hospitals and reference laboratories. To address the wider high volume global 
market, it is also envisaged  that potential follow-on products could be immunoassay kits and a point 
of care test provided by  primary health care providers. 

On  24  April  2023  the  Group  announced  a  new  12  month  agreement  with  the  University  of  York, 
running  until  25  September  2024,  that  builds  on  successful  outcomes  from  the  current  research 
programme and meeting key milestones for monoclonal antibody characterisation and assay platform 
optimization. This agreement extended access to state of the art facilities and world leading scientists 
to support new solutions for early cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. 

On 10 August 2023 the Group announced an expansion of its research programme with the University 
of  York  to.  This  followed  significant  further  progress  in  isolating  additional  new  and  specific 
monoclonal antibodies to the CIZ1B biomarker and incorporating  these into a new high-throughput 
clinical  diagnostic immunoassay platform. The recent developments meet key  milestones to begin 
commercial clinical trials. The Group is now engaged in clinical trials design to support the validation 
and accreditation of the CIZ1B test prior to commercial launch. 

On 19 September 2023 the Group and Bio-Techne Corporation, a NASDAQ Tech listed company, 
announced progress evaluating specific monoclonal antibodies for Cizzle’s CIZ1B cancer biomarker. 
Cizzle  has  successfully  completed  an  evaluation  programme  aimed  at  assessing  the  feasibility  of 
using  the  Simple  Western  platform  from  ProteinSimple  (a  Bio-Techne  brand)  for  high  throughput 
detection of the CIZ1B cancer biomarker which may be useful in the detection  of early-stage lung 
cancer. 

Stakeholder considerations (Shareholders) 
The decisions taken have enhanced the Group’s research and development capabilities. 

This report was approved by the board on 29 April 2024 and was signed on its behalf by: 

Allan Syms 
Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

14 

Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

The directors present the annual report and audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 
2023. 

Principal activity, business review and future developments 

On 14 May 2021, the Company’s ordinary shares were admitted to the Standard-Listing of the London 
Stock Exchange. Also on that date, the Company completed the reverse acquisition of CBL. 

The  Group’s  principal  activity  since  14  May  2021  has  been  the  early  detection  of  lung  cancer  via  the 
development  of  an  immunoassay  test  for  the  CIZ1B  biomarker.  For  the  period  to  14  May  2021  the 
Company was a holding company that was an AIM Rule 15 cash shell seeking a new investment. 

The Statement of Group Comprehensive Income is set out on page 38. A review of the Group’s trading 
during the year, its position at the year-end, post balance sheet events, and its prospects for the future 
are set out in the Chair’s Statement and the Strategic Report. 

Dividends 

No dividend is proposed in respect of the year (2022: £Nil). 

Financial risk management 

Information  in  respect  of  financial  risk  management  objectives  and  policies,  exposure  to  price,  credit, 
liquidity and cash flow risks, and current trading and trading outlook for the Group are outlined in Note 4. 

Directors 

The directors of the Company who served during the year are listed below: 

Directors 

Function 

Allan Syms 
Nigel Lee 
Dawn Coverley 
John Treacy 

Executive Chair  
Finance Director  
Non-Executive Director  
Non-Executive Director  

Board Responsibility and Corporate Governance Statement 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  approving  the  interim  and  annual  financial  statements,  formulating  and 
monitoring  the  Group’s  strategy,  approving  financial  plans  and  reviewing  performance,  as  well  as 
complying  with  legal,  regulatory  and  corporate  governance  matters.  The  Board  is  committed  to 
maintaining  appropriate  standards  of  corporate  governance  and,  as  detailed  below  on  page  18,  has 
concluded that it will adopt the Quoted Companies Alliance’s Corporate Governance Code. 

Employees 

At 31 December 2023 the total number of employees in the Company comprised of 4 employees (2022: 
4), who were all directors. 

The Group’s employment policies are designed to attract, retain and motivate the very best staff for each 
role in the Group, recognising that this can only be achieved through equal opportunities regardless of 
gender, race, religion or disability. Regular meetings were held by the directors to discuss the performance 
of  the  Group  as  a  whole.  Financial  and  economic  factors  were  dealt  with  in  this  context.  Information 
concerning employees and their remuneration is given in Note 8. 

Climate-related matters 

We believe that the Company has made climate-related financial disclosures consistent with the TCFD 
recommendations and recommended disclosures within its Strategic Report on pages 10 and 11. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

15 

Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Capital structure 

Details of the issued share capital are set out in Note 15. On recognition of the reverse takeover of CBL 
on 14 May 2021 the Group had 3 classes of share: 

-  New Ordinary Shares of 0.01p each. 
-  Deferred ‘A’ shares of 0.01p each. 
-  Deferred ‘A’ Shares of 0.99p each. 

None of these shares have any rights to fixed income and only new ordinary shares carry the right to 
one vote per share at general meetings of the Company.  

There are no specific restrictions on the size of a holding or on the transfer of New Ordinary Shares, 
which  are  both  governed  by  the  general  provisions  of  the  Articles  of  Association  and  prevailing 
legislation. The directors are not aware of any agreements between holders of the Company’s shares 
that may result in restrictions on the transfer of securities or on voting rights.  

Details of employee share  option schemes are set  out in Note  15. No share options were exercised 
during the year (2022: 3,689,096 options were exercised).  

No person has any special right of control over the Company’s share capital and all issued shares are 
fully paid. 

The appointment and replacement of directors of the Company is governed by its Articles of Association, 
the Companies Act 2006 and related legislation. The Articles themselves may be amended by special 
resolution of the shareholders. The current Articles have been in place for some years and are in the 
process  of  being  reviewed  and  updated.  It  is  anticipated  that  updated  articles  will  be  proposed  for 
approval at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 

Donations 

No charitable or political donations were made during the year (2022: £Nil). 

Share issues 

Details of shares issued during the year are set out in Note 15. 

Going concern 

The Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements for the year to 
31  December  2023  (see  Note  2.2).  In  reaching  this  conclusion,  the  Directors  have  considered  for  the 
Group, current trading and the current and projected funding position for the period of approximately  20 
months from the date of approval of the financial statements through to 31 December 2025. The forecasts 
have been prepared  using  a number of scenarios  –  a base case assumes receipt of  minimum royalty 
payments as explained in Note 24 and an extended research scenario into other cancers that is financed 
by the part sale of a current asset investment. These scenarios show that the Group continues to be a 
going  concern.  The  directors  have  concluded  that  the  Group  has  sufficient  funds  in  order  to  meet  its 
committed liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future. Should funding from these scenarios not 
arise,  then  the  Group  would  manage  its  working  capital  according  to  its  needs  through  the  orderly 
divestment  of  its  current  asset  investment  in  a  NASDAQ-listed  company.  This  would  ensure  that  the 
Group has sufficient cash resources for at least 12 months from the date of signing these accounts, as 
well as meeting the goals within its business plan. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

16 

Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Post balance sheet events 

On 26 March 2024 the Company announced that it has undertaken a conditional placing of 31,050,000 
new  ordinary shares of 0.01p each (“Ordinary Shares”) in the Company (the “Placing”) at a  price  of  2 
pence per share (the “Issue Price”) raising approximately £0.62 million before expenses for the Company. 
The net proceeds of the Placing will be utilised towards completing the Group’s first proposed commercial 
test to detect CIZ1B, further protect the Group’s Intellectual Property (IP), progress the Group’s research 
with the University of York and for general corporate purposes. 

Upon completion of the Placing, the Company intends to terminate the £500,000 loan facility agreement 
with E3 Fund SP entered into on 20 September 2022. This facility has not been drawn down. 

The  Company  also  agreed  to  issue  1,500,000  new  Ordinary  Shares  at  2p  per  new  ordinary  share  in 
satisfaction of a payment of £30,000 for professional advisory services to Novum Securities Limited. 

The total  issue  of  32,550,000  new Ordinary Shares  were   admitted to the  Main  Market  of the London 
Stock Exchange on 11 April 2024. 

The  Group  announced  on  2  April  2024  a  non-binding  Memorandum  of  Understanding  (“MoU”)  for  a 
strategic  and  exclusive  licensing  agreement  to  develop  and  offer  its  proprietary  test  for  the  CIZ1B 
biomarker  which  is  highly  associated  with  early-stage  lung  cancer,  throughout  the  USA  and  Canada 
(“North America”). The new partnership is intended to incorporate the Group’s existing relationship with 
Corepath Laboratories, a full-service cancer reference laboratory, as announced on 6 May 2022, through 
a dedicated, recently incorporated, US based company Cizzle Bio Inc (“BIO”). 

Subject to binding documentation, the proposed royalty arrangements with CorePath will be restructured 
to enable the Group  to gain significant cash flows from new royalty payments and significant cost savings. 
All planned expenditure related to clinical trials and the commercialization of diagnostic tests for the CIZ1B 
biomarker in the USA are expected to be funded directly by BIO.  

The  Group    will  receive  minimum  advance  royalty  payments  of  US$2.3  million  over  a  period  of  30 
months, payable as to US$0.3 million on signing the binding agreement and a further US$1.0 million on 
each of the fifteenth and thirtieth month anniversaries of signing as part of annual royalty fees of 10% of 
net sales. 

In addition, the Group will benefit from the free issue of shares in BIO.  

BIO is paying a non-refundable upfront fee of US$100,000 within 30 days of signing the MoU for a 120-
day exclusivity period to complete the formal legally binding agreement. 

Disclosure of information to auditor 

The directors who held office at the date of approval of this Directors’ report confirm that, so far as they 
are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and each 
Director  has  taken  all  steps  that  he  ought  to  have  taken  as  a  Director  to  make  himself  aware  of  any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 

The existing auditors of the Company are PKF Littlejohn LLP and a resolution for their re-appointment will 
be put to the Annual General Meeting. 

Annual General Meeting 

The Annual Report is made available to shareholders at least 21 clear days’ notice before the Annual General 
Meeting (“AGM”) along with the notice of the AGM. Shareholders are given the opportunity to vote on each 
separate resolution proposed at the AGM. The Company counts all proxy votes and will indicate the level of 
proxies lodged for each resolution, after it has first been dealt with by a show of hands. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

17 

Directors’ Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

Website publication 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  ensuring  the  annual  report  and  the  financial  statements  are  made 
available on a website. Financial statements are published on the Group’s website in accordance with 
legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements, 
which  may  vary  from  legislation  in  other  jurisdictions.  The  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  Group’s 
website is the responsibility of the Directors. The Directors’ responsibility also extends to the ongoing 
integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

Approved by the Board of Directors and signed by order of the Board 

Allan Syms 
Director, 29 April 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

18 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities  

The directors are responsible for preparing the strategic report, the directors’ report and the financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.  

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that 
law the directors have elected to prepare the Group and Company financial statements in accordance 
with UK-adopted international accounting standards. Under company law the directors must not approve 
the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs 
of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss of the Group and Company for that period. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international accounting 
standards,  subject  to  any  material  departures  disclosed  and  explained  in  the  financial 
statements; and 

•  prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to 

presume that the Group and Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain the Group and Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Group and Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding 
the assets of the Group and Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

They are also responsible to make a statement that they consider that the Annual Report and Financial 
Statements,  taken  as  a  whole  is  fair,  balanced  and  understandable  and  provides  the  information 
necessary for the shareholders to assess the Group and Company’s position and performance, business 
model and strategy. 

Directors’ Responsibility Statement Pursuant to Disclosure and Transparency Rules 

Each of the Directors, whose names and functions are listed on page 1, confirm that, to the best of their 
knowledge and belief: 

• 

the  financial  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted  international  accounting 
standards, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and loss of the 
Group and Company; and 

•  The  Annual  Report  and  financial  statements,  including  the  Business  review,  includes  a  fair 
review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group and 
Parent Company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they 
face.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

Corporate Governance Statement 

19 

The Directors recognise the importance of sound corporate governance. The directors continue to adopt 
the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance’s  Corporate  Governance  Code  (“the  QCA  Code”).  In  addition,  the 
Directors have adopted a code of conduct for dealings in the shares of the Company by directors and 
employees and are committed to maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance. During 2023 
Allan Syms has continued as Executive Chair of the Company.  

The  corporate  governance  arrangements  that  the  Board  has  adopted  are  designed  to  ensure  that  the 
Company  delivers  long  term  value  to  its  shareholders  and  that  shareholders  have  the  opportunity  to 
express their views and expectations for the Company in a manner that encourages open dialogue with 
the Board. The Board recognises that their decisions regarding strategy and risk will impact the corporate 
culture of the Company as a whole and that this will impact the performance of the Company. The Board 
is very aware that the tone and culture set by the Board will greatly impact all aspects of the Company as 
a whole and the way that employees behave. 

The Company’s activities have been focussed on taking forward the research and development activities 
of the Group that have been developed over many years by Professor Dawn Coverley and her team at 
The University of York. The Company is committed to respectful dialogue with its suppliers, partners and 
potential customers. It is a crucial part of the Company to have sound ethical values and behaviours in its 
undertakings to successfully achieve its corporate objectives.  

The Board places great importance on this aspect of corporate life and seeks to ensure that this flows 
through all that the Company does. 

The Board currently consists of two executive and two non-executive directors and does not have a CEO. 
The  Board  continues  to  consider  whether  it  would  be  appropriate  to  seek  to  appoint  additional  non-
executive and/or executive directors but at this time believes that appropriate oversight of the Company 
is provided by the currently constituted Board. This view will continue to be reviewed by the Board.  

John Treacy 
Non-Executive Director 

 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

20 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

The QCA Code sets out 10 principles which should be applied. These are listed below together with a 
short explanation of how the Company applies each of the principles. Where the Company does not fully 
apply each principle an explanation as to why has also been provided: 

Principle One–- Business Model and Strategy 
The Board’s strategy during 2023 has been able to continue with its research and development activity 
and in particular had adopted a strategy of developing CBL’s prototype test into a commercial, CE marked 
and/or FDA 510(k) cleared diagnostic immunoassay that can be readily performed as a sufficiently reliable 
test in a hospital setting. 

Principle Two–- Understanding Shareholder Needs and Expectations 
The  Board  is committed to maintaining good communication and having constructive  dialogue with its 
shareholders. Institutional shareholders and analysts have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide 
feedback  at  meetings  with  the  Company.  In  addition,  all  shareholders  are  encouraged  to  attend  the 
Company’s Annual General Meeting. Investors also have access to current information on the Company 
though  its  website,  https://cizzlebiotechnology.com  and  via  Allan  Syms,  Non-Executive  Chair  who  is 
available  to  answer  investor  relations  enquiries  through  IFC  Advisory  Limited  (cizzle@investor-
focus.co.uk). 

Principle Three–- Stakeholder Responsibilities 
The  Board  recognises  that  the  long-term  success  of  the  Company  is  reliant  upon  the  efforts  of  the 
employees of the Company and its contractors, suppliers and regulators. The Board has put in place a 
range of processes and systems to ensure that there is close Board oversight and contact with its key 
resources and relationships. Currently the directors of the Company are the Group’s only employees but 
it has systems in place whereby the effectiveness of the board is reviewed and discussed. 

Principle Four–- Risk Management 
In addition to its other roles and responsibilities the Audit and Compliance Committee is responsible to 
the Board for ensuring that procedures are in place, and are being effectively implemented to identify, 
evaluate and manage the significant risks faced by the Company. The risk assessment matrix below sets 
out those risks, and identifies their ownership and the controls that are in place. This matrix is updated as 
changes  arise  in  the  nature  of  risks  or  the  controls  that  are  implemented  to  mitigate  them.  The  Audit 
Committee  reviews  the  risk  matrix  and  the  effectiveness  of  scenario  testing  on  a  regular  basis.  The 
following principal risks, and controls to mitigate them, have been identified during 2023: 

Activity 
Financial 

Risk 
Pre-revenue 
business 

Healthcare Industry 

Pace of development 
the  healthcare 
in 
industry 

Management 
employees 

and 

Retention of key 
staff 

Research 
Development 

and 

Complex processes 

. 

Patents  and  other 
property 
intellectual 
rights (IPR) 

Infringement of other 
patents, IPR 

Impact 
Revenues  are  not  generated 
to  support  the  development 
and  commercialisation  of  the 
Group’s technology. 
The Group’s technology may 
be  superseded  by  other 
competitor technologies. 

The  loss  of  key  members  of 
staff  could  have  an  adverse 
the  pace  of 
impact  on 
development. 

Additional 
development 
than anticipated. 

costs 
takes 

if 
longer 

Additional costs of defending 
any IPR claims and/or delays/ 
additional  costs 
in  current 
programme  of  research  and 
development. 

Control(s) 
Regular  appraisal  of 
project milestones. 

that 

Continual  monitoring 
of  competitor  products 
and 
alternative 
solutions. 
Ensuring 
key 
employees 
have 
to  ensure 
incentives 
that they do not wish to 
leave. 
Regular appraisal of 
project milestones and 
consideration of a 
variety of strategies. 
Regular monitoring of 
third party patents/ 
IPR with patent 
advisers. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

21 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Principle Four–- Risk Management (continued) 

The  Company  has  already  established  procedures,  as  represented  by  this  and  previous  years’ 
statements, for the purpose of providing a system of internal control. In addition, there were a range of 
Company policies that were reviewed at least annually by the Board and a programme of training and 
then confirmation of understanding that all employees of the Company were required to undertake each 
year. These Company policies covered matters such as share dealing, insider legislation and expenses. 
The directors consider that an internal audit function is not considered necessary or practical due to the 
size of the Company and the close day to day control exercised by the directors. The directors will continue 
to monitor the need for new systems of internal control and an internal audit function. 

The  annual  review  of  internal  control  and  financial  reporting  procedures  did  not  highlight  any  issues 
warranting the introduction of an internal audit function.  

Principle Five–- A Well-Functioning Board of Directors 

During  2023  the  composition  of  the  board  has  been  two  executive  directors  and  two  non-executive 
directors.  Allan  Syms  is  Executive  Chair  and  Nigel  Lee  is  the  Finance  Director.  The  non-executive 
directors have continued to be John Treacy and Professor Dawn Coverley. The time commitment formally 
required  by  the  Company  is  an  overriding  principal  that  each  director  will  devote  as  much  time  as  is 
required to carry out the roles and responsibilities that the director has agreed to take on. All directors of 
the Company are part-time. Biographical details of the current directors are set out on page 4.  

Executive and non-executive directors are subject to re-election intervals as prescribed in the Company’s 
Articles of Association. At each Annual General Meeting one-third of the Directors, who are subject to 
retirement by rotation shall retire from office. They can then offer themselves for re-election. The letters 
of  appointment  of  all  directors  are  available  for  inspection  at  the  Company’s  registered  office  during 
normal business hours.  

The Executive Chair and Finance Director both receive a salary for their services as a director which is 
approved by the Board, being mindful of the time commitment and responsibilities of their roles and of 
current  market  rates  for  comparable  organisations  and  appointments.  They  are  also  reimbursed  for 
travelling and other incidental expenses incurred on Group business. 

The Non-Executive Directors receive payments under appointment letters which are terminable by three 
months’ notice by either party. 

The  Board  encourages  the  ownership  of  shares  in  the  Company  by  Executive  and  Non-Executive 
Directors alike and in normal circumstances does not expect Directors to undertake dealings of a short-
term nature. The Board considers ownership of Company shares by Non-Executive Directors as a positive 
alignment of their interest with shareholders. The Board will periodically review the shareholdings of the 
Non-Executive Directors and will seek guidance from its advisors if, at any time, it is concerned that the 
shareholding  of  any  Non-Executive  Director  may,  or  could  appear  to,  conflict  with  their  duties  as  an 
independent Non-Executive Director of the Company or their independence itself. Directors’ emoluments, 
including Directors’ interest in share options over the Company’s share capital, are set out in Note 15. 

The Board has established that it will meet on at least 6 times throughout the year. It has established an 
Audit  Committee  and  a  Remuneration  Committee,  particulars  of  which  appear  hereafter.  The  Board 
agreed  that  appointments  to  the  Board  are  made  by  the  Board  as  a  whole  and  so  has  not  created  a 
Nominations Committee. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

22 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Principle Five–- A Well-Functioning Board of Directors (continued) 

Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings  
The Board retains full control of the Company with day-to-day operational control delegated to Executive 
Directors.  The  full  Board  meets  at  least  every  other  month  and  on  any  other  occasions  it  considers 
necessary. During 2023 there were fourteen Board meetings, one Remuneration Committee meeting and 
one Audit Committee meeting.  

Principle Six–- Appropriate Skills and Experience of the Directors 

Directors who served during 2023: 
Throughout 2023 the executive directors have been Allan Syms (Executive Chair) and Nigel Lee (Finance 
Director).  The  Non-Executive  directors  have  been  John  Treacy  (specialising  in  corporate  governance, 
capital markets, legal matters) and Professor Dawn Coverley (cell biologist and expert in cancer related 
research). 
As a small business, the Group does not have a formal diversity policy. The Group recognises the benefits 
of diversity across all areas and believes that a diverse Board is a positive factor in business success, 
brings a broader, more rounded perspective to decision making, and makes the Board more effective. 
When recruiting, the Board will endeavour to consider a wide and diverse talent pool whilst also taking 
into account the optimum make-up of the Board, including the benefits of differences in skills, industry 
experience, business model experience, gender, race, disability, age, nationality, background and other 
attributes that individuals may bring. 

The current directors of the Company are as follows are detailed on page 4. 

Principle Seven–- Evaluation of Board Performance 

Internal evaluation of the Board, the Committee and individual directors is seen as an important step in 
the development of the Board. During December 2023 separate meetings were held with the Chair and 
each  director  to  review  the  effectiveness  of  the  board.  Evaluation  criteria  take  into  account  business  
planning and financial reporting together with performance against key milestones, board composition, 
constitution,  diversity  and  succession  planning.  As  we  further  progress  the  commercialisation  of  the 
Group’s  technology,  the  Company  recognises  the  need  to  draw  further  expertise  into  the  board  when 
appropriate.  This will be undertaken on an annual basis in the form of peer appraisal, questionnaires and 
discussions  to  determine  the  effectiveness  and  performance  in  various  areas  as  well  as  the  directors’ 
continued independence. 

Principle Eight–- Corporate Culture 

During  2023,  the  Board  recognised  that  their  decisions  regarding  strategy  and  risk  will  impact  the 
corporate culture of the Company as a whole and that this will impact the performance of the Company. 
The Board is very aware that the tone and culture set by the Board will greatly impact all aspects of the 
Company as a whole and the way that employees behave. A large part of the Company’s activities was 
centred upon addressing customer and market needs. Therefore, the importance of sound ethical values 
and behaviours is crucial to the ability of the Company to successfully achieve its corporate objectives. 
The Board places great importance on this aspect of corporate life and seeks to ensure that this flows 
through  all  that  the  Company  does.  The  Board  assessment  of  the  culture  within  the  Company  at  the 
present  time  is  one  where  there  is  respect  for  all  individuals  and  there  is  open  dialogue  within  the 
Company. 

Principle Nine–- Maintenance of Governance Structures and Processes 

Ultimate authority for all aspects of the Company’s activities rests with the Board. The Board has adopted 
a Financial Position and Prospects Board Memorandum which summarises financial reporting procedures 
and establishes procedures to ensure that it meets all regulatory requirements for accounting, financial 
reporting and related obligations. This includes matters which are reserved to the Board and the division 
of responsibilities between the executive and  non-executive  directors. The  Chair is responsible for the 
effectiveness of the Board.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

23 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Audit Committee  
During 2023 the Audit Committee has consisted of John Treacy (Chair) and Professor Dawn Coverley. It 
meets as required and specifically to review the Interim Report and Annual Report, and to consider the 
suitability and monitor the effectiveness of internal control processes. There was one meeting of the Audit 
Committee during 2023. The Audit Committee also reviews the findings of the external auditor and reviews 
accounting policies, material accounting judgements and risk and control framework. 

The  independence  and  effectiveness  of  the  external  auditor  is  reviewed  annually.  The  possibility  of 
undertaking an audit tender process is considered on a regular basis. The Company’s policy is to ensure 
that the Company’s audit is put out to tender at least once in every 10 years. The Current auditors were 
appointed  in  respect  of  the  Company’s  audit  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2018.  At  each  Annual 
General  Meeting a resolution is proposed for the re-appointment of auditors. There are no contractual 
restrictions existing on the choice of auditors. The Audit Committee meets at least once a year with the 
auditor to discuss their independence and objectivity, the Annual Report, any audit issues arising, internal 
control processes, appointment and fee levels and any other appropriate matters. The fees in respect of 
audit services are set out in Note 7.  

Remuneration Committee 
During  2023  the  Remuneration  Committee  has  consisted  of  John  Treacy  (Chair)  and  Professor  Dawn 
Coverley. The purpose of the Remuneration Committee is to ensure that the Executive Directors and other 
employees are fairly rewarded for their individual contribution to the overall performance of the Company. 
The Committee considers and recommends to the Board the remuneration of the Executive Directors and 
is kept informed of the remuneration packages of senior staff and invited to comment on these. There was 
one  Remuneration  Committee  meeting  during  2023.  The  Board  retains  responsibility  for  overall 
remuneration policy. The Remuneration Committee recommends to the Board the remuneration packages 
by  reference  to  individual  performance  and  uses  the  knowledge  and  experience  of  the  Committee 
members,  published  surveys  relating  to  similar  companies  and  market  changes  generally.  The 
Remuneration Committee has responsibility for recommending any long-term incentive schemes. 

The  Board  determines  whether  or  not  Executive  Directors  are  permitted  to  serve  in  roles  with  other 
companies. Such permission would only be granted on a strictly limited basis, where there are no conflicts 
of  interest  or  competing  activities  and  providing  there  is  not  an  adverse  impact  on  the  commitments 
required to the Company. Earnings from such roles would be required to be disclosed to the Chair.  

During 2023 there were two main elements of the remuneration package for Executive and Non-Executive 
Directors and former employees: 
Basic salaries: Basic salaries are recommended to the Board by the Remuneration Committee, 
1. 
taking  into  account  the  performance  of  the  individual  and  the  rates  for  similar  positions  in  comparable 
companies.  No  benefits  in  kind  are  currently  available  to  Executive  Directors.  The  directors  agreed  to 
freeze their remuneration for two years until March 2025 as noted in the Directors Remuneration Report 
on page 29.  
2. 
Share options: The Company operates unapproved share option schemes for Executive Directors 
and some non-executive directors to motivate those individuals through equity participation. Exercise of 
share options under the schemes is subject to specified exercise periods and compliance with the Scheme 
Rules  and  the rules  of the  London  Stock Exchange.  The schemes are overseen by the Remuneration 
Committee  which  recommends  to  the  Board  all  grants  of  share  options  based  on  the  Remuneration 
Committee’s  assessment  of  personal  performance  and  specifying  the  terms  under  which  eligible 
individuals  may  be  invited  to  participate.  It  is  intended  that  the  performance  related  elements  of 
remuneration form a significant proportion of the total remuneration package of Executive Directors and 
be designed to align their interests with those of shareholders. In this development phase of the Company 
the Remuneration Committee currently considers that the best alignment of these interests is through the 
continued use of incentives for performance through the award of share options. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

24 

Corporate Governance Statement (continued) 

Non-executive Directors 
The  Board  has  adopted  guidelines  for  the  appointment  of  non-executive  directors  which  have  been  in 
place and which have been observed throughout the year. These provide for the orderly and constructive 
succession and rotation of the non-executive directors insofar as they will be appointed for an initial term 
of three years and may, at the Board’s discretion believing it to be in the best interests of the Company, 
be  appointed  for  subsequent  terms.  In  accordance  with  the  Companies  Act  2006,  the  Board  complies 
with: a duty to act within their powers; a duty to promote the success of the Company; a duty to exercise 
independent judgement; a duty to exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence; a duty to avoid conflicts 
of interest; a duty not to accept benefits from third parties and a duty to declare any interest in a proposed 
transaction or arrangement. 

Principle Ten–- Shareholder Communication 

The  Board  is committed to maintaining good communication and having constructive  dialogue with its 
shareholders. Institutional shareholders and analysts have the opportunity to discuss issues and provide 
feedback  at  meetings  with  the  Company.  In  addition,  all  shareholders  are  encouraged  to  attend  the 
Company’s Annual General Meeting. Investors also have access to current information on the Company 
though  its  website,  https://cizzlebiotechnology.com  and  via  Allan  Syms,  non-executive  Chair  who  is 
available  to  answer  investor  relations  enquiries  through  IFC  Advisory  Limited  (cizzle@investor-
focus.co.uk). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

25 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 

The Company has established a remuneration committee. The Committee reviews the scale and structure 
of the Directors’ fees, taking into account the interests of shareholders and the performance of the Group 
and directors. 

The items included in this report are unaudited unless otherwise stated. 

Statement of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC Policy on Directors’ Remuneration by the Chair 
of the Remuneration Committee 

As  Chair  of  the  Remuneration  Committee,  I  have  pleasure  in  introducing  our  Directors’  Remuneration 
Report.  One  of  the  Remuneration  Committee’s  aims  is  to  provide  clear,  transparent  remuneration 
reporting for our shareholders which adheres to the best practice corporate governance principles that 
are required for listed companies. 

A key focus of the Directors’ Remuneration Policy is to align the interests of the Directors to the long-term 
interests of the shareholders and aims to support a high-performance culture with appropriate rewards 
for  meeting  the  Group’s  objectives  without  unnecessary  risk-taking.  This  is  underpinned  through  the 
operation of incentive plans. 

Key activities of the Remuneration Committee 

The key activities of the Remuneration Committee are to: 

•  determine and agree with the board the framework or broad policy for the remuneration of the 
Company’s  Chair  and  the  executive  directors  including  pension  rights  and  compensation 
payments.  The  remuneration  of  non-executive  directors  shall  be  a  matter  for  the  board  or  the 
shareholders (within the limits set in the articles of association). No director or senior manager 
shall be involved in any decisions as to their own remuneration; 

• 

recommend and monitor the level and structure of remuneration for senior management taking 
into  account  all  factors  which  it  deems  necessary  including  relevant  legal  and  regulatory 
requirements and the provisions and recommendations of the UK Corporate Governance Code 
(insofar as it applies to the Company) and other relevant guidance. These will be subject to annual 
review.  The  objective  of  such  policy  shall  be  to  attract,  retain  and  motivate  the  executive 
management  of  the  Company  without  paying  more  than  necessary.  The  remuneration  policy 
bears in mind the Company’s appetite for risk and be aligned to the Company’s long term strategic 
goals.  A  significant  proportion  of  remuneration  should  be  structured  so  as  to  link  rewards  to 
corporate and individual performance and be designed to promote the long term success of the 
Company;  

• 

review and have regard to the pay and employment conditions across the Company or  Group, 
especially when determining salary increases;  

• 

review the ongoing appropriateness and relevance of the remuneration policy; 

•  approve the design of, and determine targets for, any performance related pay schemes operated 

by the Company and approve the total annual payments made under such schemes;  

• 

• 

review the Company’s arrangements for its employees to raise concerns, in confidence, about 
possible  wrongdoing  in  financial  reporting  or  other  matters.  The  Committee  shall  ensure  that 
these  arrangements  allow  proportionate  and  independent  investigation  of  such  matters  and 
appropriate follow up action;  

review the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the board and shareholders. For 
any such plans, determine each year whether awards will be made, and if so, the overall amount 
of such awards, the individual awards to executive directors, Company Secretary and other senior 
executives and the performance targets to be used;  

•  determine  the  policy  for,  and  scope  of,  pension  arrangements  for  each  executive  director  and 

other senior executives;  

 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

26 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (cont’d) 

Key activities of the Remuneration Committee (cont’d) 

•  determine  the  total  individual  remuneration  package  of  the  Chair,  each  executive  director,  the 
Company  Secretary  and  other  senior  executives  including  bonuses,  incentive  payments  and 
share options or other share awards; 

•  ensure that contractual terms on termination and any payments made are fair to the individual 
and the Company; that failure is not rewarded and the duty to mitigate loss is fully recognised; 
oversee any major changes in employee benefits structures throughout the Company or Group; 
and agree the policy for authorising claims for expenses from the directors; 

•  be responsible for establishing the selection criteria, selecting, appointing and setting the terms 

of reference for any remuneration of consultants who advise the Committee;  

•  obtain  reliable,  up-to-date  information  about  remuneration  in  other  companies  of  comparable 
scale.  The  Committee  shall  have  full  authority  to  appoint  remuneration  consultants  and  to 
commission or purchase any reports, surveys or information which it deems necessary to help it 
fulfil its obligations within any budgetary restraints imposed by the board; 

• 

consider such other matters as may be requested by the board of directors; and 

•  work and liaise as necessary with all other board committees. 

Members 

The Remuneration Committee comprises the following independent Non-Executive Directors: 

Name 

Position 

Date  of 
Committee 

appointment 

to 

John Treacy 

Chair 

Prof. Dawn Coverley 

Member 

14 May 2021 

14 May 2021 

Remuneration Components 

The Company remunerates directors in line with best market practice in the industry in which it operates. 
As the Group is currently a pre-revenue business the components of Director’s Remuneration consists 
of: 

•  Base salaries 

•  Pension benefits 

•  Share incentive arrangements 

These remuneration components will be reviewed at least annually by the Committee. 

It  is  anticipated  that  once  the  Group  becomes  a  revenue  generating  business  that  the  following 
components of Directors Remuneration are likely to be appropriate: 

•  Other benefits 

•  Annual bonus 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

27 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (cont’d) 

Recruitment policy 

Base  salaries  take  into  account  market  data  for  the  relevant  role,  internal  relativities,  their  individual 
experience  and  their  current  base  salary.  Where  an  individual  is  recruited  at  below  market  rates  of 
remuneration, they may be re-aligned over a period of time, subject to their performance in their role. 

Service Agreements and Letters of Appointment 

The Executive Directors’ service agreements are summarised below: 

Executive 
Director 

Date  of  service 
agreement 

Initial term  Notice  period  by 
Company (Months) 

Notice  period  by 
Director (Months) 

Allan Syms 

14 May 2021 

6 months 

Nigel Lee 

14 May 2021 

N/a 

6 

6 

6 

6 

The Non-Executive Directors’ service agreements are summarised below: 

Non-Executive 
Director 

Date  of  service 
agreement 

Initial term  Notice  period  by 
Company (Months) 

Notice  period  by 
Director (Months) 

John Treacy 

14 May 2021 

3 years 

Dawn Coverley 

14 May 2021 

3 years 

3 

3 

3 

3 

Non-Executive directors are typically expected to serve two three-year terms but may be invited by the 
Board to serve for an additional period. Any term renewal is subject to Board review and AGM re-election. 

Remuneration of Executive Directors (audited) 

The remuneration of the Executive Directors for the year ended 31 December 2023 was as follows: 

Year ended 31 December 2023 

Year ended 31 December 2022 

Executive 
Director 

Allan Syms 

Nigel Lee 

TOTAL 

Basic salary 

Pension 

Total 

Basic salary 

Pension 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

90 

36 

126 

3 

1 

4 

93 

37 

130 

90 

36 

126 

3 

1 

4 

Total 

£’000 

93 

37 

130 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

28 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (cont’d) 

Share scheme interests of executive directors (audited) 

The interests of the executive directors in share schemes are shown in the table below:  

Executive 
Director 

Type of 
scheme 

Share 
options at 
31 Dec 
2022 

Granted 
during the 
year 

Share options at 31 
Dec 2023 

Date from which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

Allan 
Syms 

Nigel  Lee 
* 

CSOP 23 

- 

8,868,096 

8,868,096 

**** 

28 Jun 2033 

CSOP 21 

5,068,956 

- 

5,068,956 

** 

2 Nov 2031 

CSOP 23 

- 

6,224,233 

6,224,233 

**** 

28 Jun 2033 

CSOP 21 

2,000,000 

CSOP 17 

CSOP 16 

CSOP 15 

500 

800 

300 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,000,000 

** 

2 Nov 2031 

500 

9 Nov 2018 *** 

8 Nov 2027 

800 

27 Oct 2017 *** 

26 Oct 2026 

300 

25 May 2016 **** 

25 Aug 2025 

TOTAL 

7,070,556  15,092,329 

22,162,885 

* Includes brought forward 1,600 beneficial interests in share options as director of CFO Solutions Limited. 

** subject to achievement of certain Group objectives. 

*** One-third of the total options vest on first, second and third anniversary from date of grant. 

**** One third of the options vest on 25 May 2016, 25 February 2017 and 25 August 2017. 

**** Granted in respect of salary freeze for 2 years to 3 March 2025 – 50% exercisable on both 3 March 
2024 and 3 March 2025. 

Remuneration of Non-Executive Directors (audited) 

The remuneration of the Non-Executive Directors for the year ended 31 December 2023 was as follows: 

Non-
Executive 
Director 

Basic 
salary 

£’000 

John 
Treacy 

Dawn 
Coverley * 

TOTAL 

30 

40 

70 

Year ended 31 December 2023 

Year ended 31 December 2022 

Bonus 

Fees 

Pension 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

Basic 
salary 

£’000 

Bonus 

Fees 

Pension 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

1 

30 

30 

- 

41 

40 

104 

71 

70 

104 

- 

- 

- 

- 

30 

1 

145 

1 

175 

* As mentioned in the Company’s prospectus that was published on 23 April 2021, Dawn Coverley was 
granted options over 3,689,096 options in lieu of options that existed in Cizzle Biotechnology Limited prior 
to the reverse takeover by the Company on 14 May 2021.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

29 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (cont’d) 

In  addition,  in  consideration  of  the  waiver  of  outstanding  salary  so  as  to  conserve  cash  for  patent 
maintenance costs in Cizzle Biotechnology Ltd, it was agreed that Dawn Coverley would be entitled to a 
cash bonus from the Company equal to the exercise price of the share options (£56,588, together with 
any tax payable thereon).  The £104,000  bonus noted above  in  2021  relates to the  grossing up of the 
exercise price of £56,588 for income tax and national insurance so that the exercise could be accounted 
for and taxed through the Company’s payroll. 

Share scheme interests of non- executive directors (audited) 

The interests of the Non-Executive directors in share schemes are shown in the table below:  

Non- 
executive 
Director 

Type of 
scheme 

Share options 
at 31 Dec 
2022 

Granted 
during the 
year 

Exercised 
in year 

Share options 
at 31 Dec 
2023 

Date from 
which 
exercisable 

Expiry date 

Dawn 
Coverley 

John 
Treacy 

TOTAL 

CSOP 23 

- 

7,614,540 

CSOP 21 

12,672,389 

- 

CSOP 23 

- 

6,235,629 

12,672,389 

13,850,169 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7,614,540 

** 

28 Jun 2033 

12,672,389 

* 

2 Nov 2031 

6,235,629 

** 

28 Jun 2033 

26,522,558 

* subject to achievement of certain Group objectives. 
** Granted in respect of salary freeze for 2 years to 3 March 2025  – 50% exercisable on both 3 March 
2024 and 3 March 2025. 

Review of remuneration for all directors 

On 7 March 2023 the Company announced director salary waivers and the award of share options. In 
conducting a review of director remuneration, the Company’s remuneration committee was of the view 
that the Company’s directors’ salaries are currently below market comparables. However, even in a period 
of high inflation, the directors remain fully committed to maintaining low overheads and maximising the 
funds available to the Group for the development of its CIZ1B early lung cancer test. The directors have 
therefore agreed to waive any increase in basic salary for a period of two years from 3 March 2023. In 
compensation, and subject to shareholder approval at the next Annual General Meeting of the Company, 
the  Company  has  conditionally  granted  share  options  over  new  ordinary  shares  in  the  Company  (the 
“Options”) to the directors, with an exercise price equivalent to the volume weighted average price of the 
Company’s ordinary shares for the month of February 2023 at 2.19376p per share. 50% of the Options 
will vest and become exercisable after the 12-month anniversary of grant; the remaining 50% shall vest 
and become exercisable on the 24-month anniversary of grant. The Options will have a 10 year life from 
the date of grant and are subject to good and bad leaver provisions. The Options are unapproved for the 
purposes of the enterprise management incentive and have been granted outside of, and in addition to, 
grants made under the Company’s existing share option schemes. 

Relative importance of total remuneration 

The table below illustrates total employee remuneration compared to distributions to shareholders and 
operational cash outflow, excluding proceeds from the issue of ordinary shares (before issue costs): 

Year ended 31 
December 2023 

Distributions to 
shareholders 

Total employee pay 
(£’000) 

Group Operational 
cash outflow (£’000) 

- 

201 

639 

Operational cash outflow has been shown in the table above as cash flow monitoring and forecasting are 
an important consideration for the Remuneration Committee and Board of Directors when determining 
cash-based remuneration for directors and employees. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

30 

Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (cont’d) 

Historical share price performance comparison 

The table below compares the share price performance (based on notional investment of £100) of Cizzle 
Biotechnology Holdings PLC against the FTSE SmallCap and FTSE Techmark Mediscience based on 
prices/indices at close of business from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023. Note that month end prices 
are based on the last day of trading of each month. The FTSE SmallCap has been chosen to provide a 
wider market comparator and the FTSE Techmark Mediscience chosen due to sector relevance: 

Consideration of shareholder views 

The  Board  considers  shareholder  feedback  received  and  guidance  from  shareholder  bodies.  This 
feedback is considered as part of the Company’s policy on remuneration. 

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors 

John Treacy 

Director and Chair of the Remuneration Committee 

29 April 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

31 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

Opinion 

We have audited the financial statements of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (the ‘company’) and its 
subsidiaries  (the  ‘group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  which  comprise  the  Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated and Company Statements of Financial Position, 
the Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash Flows, the Consolidated and Company Statements 
of Changes in Equity, and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The 
financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted 
international  accounting  standards  and  as  regards  the  company  financial  statements,  as  applied  in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; 
the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international accounting standards; 
the  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international  accounting  standards  and  as  applied  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
Companies Act 2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted  our  audit  in accordance with International Standards on  Auditing  (UK) (ISAs (UK))  and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the 
group company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, 
and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe 
that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis 
of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ 
assessment  of  the  group’s  and  company’s  ability  to  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting included: 

•  Testing the mathematical accuracy of the base case and downside scenarios forecasts; 
•  Evaluating  and  challenging  the  appropriateness  of  the  forecasting  method  by  using  our 
understanding  of  the  group  and  company  and  by  considering  past  historical  accuracy  of  the 
management’s forecasting and comparing the actual post year end results with the forecasts; 
•  Understanding the forecasts including the key assumptions and inputs used and sources of the key 
inputs  through  inquiries  with  the  directors  and  management  and,  where  possible,  obtaining 
supporting documentation for such key inputs; 

•  Testing the main assumptions used as well as validating the drawdown of the facility and receipt of 

research and development income; 

•  Reviewing the reasonableness of downside scenarios; and 
•  Assessing  the  appropriateness  and  adequacy  of  the  group’s  and  company’s  going  concern 

disclosures included in the financial statements.  

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events 
or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group’s or company's ability 
to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements 
are authorised for issue. 

 Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described 
in the relevant sections of this report. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

32 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

Our application of materiality  

The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  We  set  certain  quantitative 
thresholds  for  materiality.  These,  together  with  qualitative  considerations,  helped  us  to  determine  the 
scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial 
statement line items and disclosures and in evaluating the effect of misstatements, both individually and 
in aggregate on the financial statements as a whole. Based on our professional judgement, we determined 
the materiality thresholds for the financial statements as follows: 

for 

Material 
the 
financial  statements 
as a whole 

Performance 
materiality 

the 

Basis  for  materiality 
financial 
for 
statements 
a 
whole 

as 

Rationale 

Group Financial Statements 

Parent  company 
statements 

financial 

£73,300 (2022: £132,000) 

£69,600 (2022: £127,000) 

£51,300 (2022: £92,400)  

£48,700 (2021: £88,900) 

5% (2022:5%) of the group’s net assets 

5% (2022:5%) of the company’s 
net assets (capped at 95% of 
group materiality). 

The  group  is  still  at  an  early  stage  of  development  and  is  not  revenue 
generating.  Its  principal  activity  is  driven  by  the  development  of  an 
immunoassay  test  for  the  CIZ1B  biomarker.  As  such,  the  performance  and 
success of the group is measured by the existence, development and success 
of its net assets.  

The  percentage  applied  to  the  benchmark  has  been  selected  to  bring  into 
scope all significant classes of transactions, account balances and disclosures 
relevant for the members, and also to ensure that matters that would have a 
significant impact on the results were appropriately considered. 

Performance materiality has been set at 70% (2022: 70%) of materiality for the 
financial  statements  as  a  whole,  for  both  the  group  and  company.  The 
percentage  applied  was  determined  based  on  our  risk  assessment  of  the 
control environment and our cumulative knowledge of the group and company. 

We use performance materiality to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate 
of uncorrected and  undetected  misstatements exceeds overall materiality. For  each component  of the 
group, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall group materiality. The materiality applied to 
the audit of the subsidiary undertaking was £3,600 (2022: £4,000). We agreed with the audit committee 
that we would report to them misstatements identified during our audit above £3,600 (2022: £6,600) for 
the group audit and £3,400 (2022: £6,350) for the company audit, as well as misstatements below those 
amounts that, in our view, warranted reporting for qualitative reasons. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

33 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

Our approach to the audit 

In designing our audit approach, we determined materiality, as above, and assessed the risk of material 
misstatement  in  the  financial  statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  significant  risk  areas  being  the 
classification of the investment held in Conduit Pharmaceuticals Inc (Conduit) – (group) as well as the 
valuation  of  the  investment  in  subsidiary  undertakings  (company  only)  and  areas  involving  significant 
accounting  estimates  and  judgement  by  the  directors,  being  the  valuation  of  the  share-based  options 
issued in the year. As part of our work on going concern we considered future events that are inherently 
uncertain such as future research and development expenditure and the benefits expected to be derived 
from the partnership agreement entered into with third party.  

We  also  addressed the risk of management  override of  internal controls, including evaluating whether 
there was evidence of bias by management that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.  

There are three components in the group being the company and two subsidiary undertakings, one of 
which  is  dormant.  Of  the  trading  components,  both  were  considered  significant  and  accordingly,  a  full 
scope audit was performed. Our audit was performed from  our London office with regular contact with 
management  and  the  directors  throughout  the  audit.  This,  in  conjunction  with  additional  procedures 
performed,  gave  us  sufficient  and  appropriate  evidence  for  our  opinion  on  the  group  and  company 
financial statements.  

Key audit matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest 
effect on the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the 
engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements 
as  a  whole,  and  in  forming  our  opinion  thereon,  and  we  do  not  provide  a  separate  opinion  on  these 
matters.  

Key Audit Matter  

How our scope addressed this matter 

Classification  of  the  investment  held  in  Conduit 
(group) (Note 12) 

 In the current year the company exercised their option 
to  sell  its  investment  in  Intangible  assets  relating  to 
the: 
• 

5% economic interest in the commercialisation of 
the AZD 1656 asset; and 
royalty sharing agreement with SGCS. 

• 
 The  consideration  was  in  the  form  of  shares  in 
Conduit Pharmaceuticals Inc for which the fair value 
of  the  shares  was  £2,124,207  at  date  of  transfer.  At 
year  end  the  investment  is  held  as  a  current  asset. 
There is a risk that the investment has been incorrectly 
classified and presented in terms of the requirements 
of IAS 32 Presentation of the financial instruments and 
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, specifically: 

• 

• 

the designation of the fair value movement on the 
investment  as  either  through  profit  or  loss  or 
other comprehensive income; and 
the classification of the gain or loss on transfer of 
the intangible asset to the investment held. 
There is also a risk that the company may not be able 
to sell the investment within 12 months after year end 
and as such the investment is incorrectly classified as 
current. As a result of these significant risks we have 
determined that the classification of the investment in 
Conduit is a key audit matter. 

Our work in this area included:  

-  Obtaining  and  reviewing  the  exercise 
notice  and  share  certificate  of 
the 
investment  held  to  assess  whether  the 
investment  was  correctly  classified  at 
initial  recognition  and  at  year  end  in 
accordance with IAS 32 and IFRS 9; 

-  Ensuring  that  at  initial  recognition  the 
transfer  of  the  intangible  asset  to  the 
investment held  in  Conduit is appropriate 
and in line with the requirement of IFRS 9; 

-  Reviewing minutes of meetings, regulatory 
news announcements (RNS) and holding 
discussions with management to ascertain 
the classification of the investment at initial 
recognition  and  at  year  end  between 
current and non-current; and 

-  Ensuring  that  adequate  disclosures  and 
accounting policies have been included in 
line with IFRS 9 and IAS 32. 

Based  on  the  procedures  performed  the 
classification  of  the  investment  as  current 
assets  was  appropriate  and  in  line  with  the 
requirements of IAS 32 and IFRS 9. 

 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

34 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

Key Audit Matter  

How our scope addressed this matter 

the 
Valuation  of 
undertakings (company) (Note 11) 

investment 

in  subsidiary 

Our work in this area included: 

- 

 The  company  carries  a  material  ’Investment  in 
subsidiary  undertakings‘  balance  in  its  Statement  of 
Financial  Position.  There  is  a  risk  that  the  carrying 
value  of 
the 
investments 
recoverable amount and is therefore impaired. 

is  greater 

than 

the 

Considering 
impairment 
the  existence  of 
indicators  per  IAS  36  Impairment  of  Assets, 
which 
to 
considering the external and internal sources 
of information. This included:  

included  but  were  not 

limited 

 As the estimated recoverable amount of investments 
is subjective due to the inherent uncertainty involved 
in ascertaining whether any impairment indicators are 
met and if so, forecasting and discounting future cash 
flows, there is a significant risk and a key audit matter 
that the carrying value of investments are overstated. 

-  Reviewing  the  key  assumptions  and 
inputs made by management’s expert in 
the  valuation  of 
in 
previous years and ascertaining whether 
there  have  been  any  changes  to  the 
basis  of  these  key  assumptions  and 
inputs that would indicate an impairment;  

the  subsidiary 

-  Reviewing 

and 

discussing 

the 
development timelines of the Biomarker 
that  were 
and 
estimated 
the 
acquisition of the subsidiary; 

to  be  reached  since 

the  key  milestones 

-  Assessing 

the 

changes 

the 
biotechnology  market 
the 
technological and legal environment and 
the  implications  to  the  expected  prices 
and costs included in the valuation; and 

to 
and 

-  Reviewing the progress of the underlying 
research  and  development  of 
the 
Biomarker  since  the  acquisition  and 
assessing  the  future  plans  of  the  group 
and  company  as  part  of  our  work  on 
going concern. 

Based  on  the  procedures  performed,  we 
found the investments to be reasonable and in 
line with IAS 36. 

Other information  

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial 
statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information 
contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the group and company financial statements does not 
cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements 
or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If 
we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to 
determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, 
based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

35 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006  

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion the part of the directors’ 
remuneration report  to  be  audited has  been  properly  prepared in  accordance  with the Companies  Act 
2006. In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In the light of  the knowledge and  understanding of the group  and  the company and their  environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report 
or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

• 

• 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the company, or returns adequate for our audit 
have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the company financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are 
not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

• 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the group and company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and  fair  view,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the group and company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the 
group’s  and  the  company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters 
related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  unless  the  directors  either 
intend to liquidate the group or the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to 
do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of 
these financial statements. 

Irregularities,  including  fraud,  are  instances  of  non-compliance  with  laws  and  regulations.  We  design 
procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of 
irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, 
including fraud is detailed below: 

 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

36 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

•  We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  group  and  company  and  the  sector  in  which  they  operate  to 
identify laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on the financial 
statements.  We  obtained  our  understanding  in  this  regard  through  discussions  with  management, 
industry  research,  application  of  cumulative  audit  knowledge  and  experience  of  the  biotechnology 
sector. 

•  We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the group and company in this regard to 

be those arising from:  

o  Listing Rules and Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules; 
o  UK-adopted international accounting standards; 
o  Companies Act 2006; 
o  Anti-bribery and anti-money laundering regulations; and 
o  UK taxation law. 

•  We  designed  our  audit  procedures  to  ensure  the  audit  team  considered  whether  there  were  any 
indications  of  non-compliance  by  the  group  and  company  with  those  laws  and  regulations.  These 
procedures included, but were not limited to: 

o  Holding discussions with management and the directors and considering whether there were any 

known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations or fraud; 

o  Reviewing board meeting minutes; 
o  Reviewing Regulatory News Service (RNS) announcements; and 
o  Reviewing legal and regulatory correspondence and legal expenses. 

• 

• 

 We  also  identified  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements  due  to  fraud.  We 
considered, in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from management 
override of controls, that the potential for management bias was identified in relation to the valuation 
of investments in conduit (group) and valuation of investment in subsidiary undertakings (company) 
(detailed in the key audit matters section of this report) and share-based payment transactions. We 
addressed this by challenging the assumptions and judgements made by management when auditing 
these  accounting  estimates  and  ensuring  that  there  were  adequate  disclosures  included  in  the 
respective notes. 

 As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of controls 
by  performing  audit  procedures  which  included,  but  were  not  limited  to:  the  testing  of  journals; 
reviewing  accounting  estimates  for  evidence  of  bias;  and  evaluating  the  business  rationale  of  any 
significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.  

•  Compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  at  the  subsidiary  level  was  ensured  through  conducting 

enquiries of management and reviewing correspondence for any instances of non-compliance. 

Because  of  the  inherent  limitations  of  an  audit,  there  is  a  risk  that  we  will  not  detect  all  irregularities, 
including  those  leading  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  or  non-compliance  with 
regulation.  This  risk  increases  the  more  that  compliance  with  a  law  or  regulation  is  removed  from  the 
events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of 
instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather 
than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.  

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms 
part of our auditor’s report. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC   

37 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (continued) 

Other matters which we are required to address 

We were appointed by the directors on 13 February 2019 to audit the financial statements for the period 
ending  31  December  2018  and  subsequent  financial  periods.  Our  total  uninterrupted  period  of 
engagement is 6 years, covering the periods ending 31 December 2018 to 31 December 2023. 

The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the group or the 
company and we remain independent of the group and the company in conducting our audit. 

Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 
16  of  the  Companies  Act  2006.  Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the 
company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other 
purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept  or assume responsibility to anyone, 
other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for 
the opinions we have formed.  

Hannes Verwey (Senior Statutory Auditor)                                                            15 Westferry Circus 
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP                                                                           Canary Wharf 
Statutory Auditor                                                                                                             London E14 4HD 

29 April 2024 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

38 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 
for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Notes 

 Group 
Year ended 31 
December  

2023 
£’000 

Group 
Year ended 31 
December 
2022 
£’000 

Administrative expenses  
-  on-going administrative costs 
-  cost associated with put option 
-  share option charge 
-  gain on transfer of intangible asset  
-  net fair value loss on financial asset measured at 

fair value through profit or loss  

Total administrative expenses 

Operating loss and loss before income tax 

Income tax  
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year 
attributable to the equity shareholders of the parent 

6 
6 
6 
6 

6 

9 

Earnings per ordinary share (pence) attributable to 
the equity shareholders: 
Continued operations basic and diluted 
Earnings per ordinary share (pence) attributable to 
the equity shareholders of the parent 

10 

10 

(669) 
(120) 
(307) 
44 
(711) 

(1,763) 

(1,763) 

46 
(1,717) 

(0.5p) 

(0.5p) 

(823) 
- 
(140) 
- 
- 

(963) 

(963) 

51 
(912) 

(0.3p) 

(0.3p) 

The  above  results  relate  entirely  to  continuing  activities.  The  Company  has  elected  to  take  the  exemption 
provided under section 408, Companies Act 2006 from presenting the Company statement of comprehensive 
income.  

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC                                                                     39 
Registered number: 06133765 (England and Wales) 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position  
As at 31 December 2023 

Non-current assets 
Intangible asset 

Current assets 
Investment held at fair value through profit or loss 

Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Equity 
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders 
of the Company 
Ordinary shares 
Share premium 
Shares to be issued 
Reverse acquisition reserve 
Share capital reduction reserve 
Share option reserve 
Retained losses 
Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

Group 
2023 
£’000 

11 

12 
13 
14 

15 

- 
- 

1,413 
136 
144 

1,693 
1,693 

3,504 
35,335 
- 
(40,021) 
10,081 
478 
(7,870) 
1,507 

16 

186 
186 
1,693 

Group 
2022 
£’000 

2,080 
2,080 

- 
227 
478 

705 
2,785 

3,502 
34,917 
115 
(40,021) 
10,081 
199 
(6,153) 
2,640 

145 
145 
2,785 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements.  

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board on 29 April 2024 
and were signed on its behalf by: 

Nigel Lee 
Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

40 

Registered number: 06133765 (England and Wales) 

Company Statement of Financial Position  
As at 31 December 2023 

Non-current assets 
Intangible asset 
Investments  

Current assets 
Investment held at fair value through profit or loss 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Equity 
Capital and reserves attributable to equity holders 
of the company 
Ordinary shares 
Share premium 
Share capital to be issued 
Share capital reduction reserve 
Share option reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

2023 
£’000 

11 
11 

12 
13 
14 

15 

- 
21,803 
21,803 

1,413 
830 
70 

2,313 
24,116 

3,504 
35,335 
- 
10,081 
478 
(25,407) 
23,991 

16 

125 
125 
24,116 

2022 
£’000 

2,080 
21,803 
23,883 

- 
726 
464 

1,190 
25,073 

3,502 
34,917 
115 
10,081 
199 
(23,867) 
24,947 

126 
126 
25,073 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. The loss for the year of 
the Company was £1,540,000 (2022: loss of £627,000). 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board on 29 April 2024 and 
were signed on its behalf by: 

Nigel Lee 
Director 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

41 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Operating (loss) before tax 
Movement on put option  

Gain on transfer of intangible asset 

Net fair value loss on financial assets measured at fair 
value through profit or loss 

Share option charge 

Share based adjustment to former director 

Operating cash flow before working capital movements 

(Increase) / Decrease in trade and other receivables 

Increase / (Decrease) in trade and other payables 

Cash used in operations 

Tax received 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Purchase of a Put Option* 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from the issue of ordinary shares (net of issue 
costs) 

Proceeds from shares to be issued 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at the start of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Notes 

Group 
2023 

£'000 

Group 
2022 

£'000 

(1,763) 

(963) 

120 

(44) 

711 

307 

- 

(669) 

(24) 

13 

(680) 

41 

(639) 

- 

- 

305 

- 

305 

(334) 

478 

144 

- 

- 

- 

140 

8 

(815) 

16 

(73) 

(872) 

- 

(872) 

(120) 

(120) 

480 

115 

595 

(397) 

875 

478 

13 

16 

13 

15 

14 

14 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

* Included in the movements in investing activities is a non-cash movements of £2,080,000 explained 
further in note 11 and 12 related to the transfer of the intangible assets to the investment in Conduit 
Pharmaceuticals Limited. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

42 

Company Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 

Loss before tax 

Share option charge 
Movement on put option  

Gain on transfer of intangible asset 

Net fair value loss on financial assets measured at fair 
value through profit or loss 

Operating cash flow before working capital movements 

Change in trade and other receivables 

Change in trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 

Purchase of Put Option* 

Change in intra group funding 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from the issue of ordinary shares (net of issue 
costs) 

Proceeds from shares to be issued 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net (decrease) /increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at the start of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

Notes 

13 

16 

13 

15 

14 

14 

2023 

£'000 

(1,540) 

307 

120 

(44) 

711 

(446) 

(14) 

(27) 

(487) 

- 

(212) 

(212) 

305 

- 

305 

(394) 

464 

70 

2022 

£'000 

(627) 

140 

- 

- 

- 

(487) 

10 

(8) 

(485) 

(120) 

(374) 

(494) 

480 

115 

595 

(384) 

848 

464 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

* Included in the movements in investing activities is a non-cash movements of £2,080,000 explained 
further in note 11 and 12 related to the transfer of the intangible assets to the investment in Conduit 
Pharmaceuticals Limited. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

43 

Consolidated statement of Changes in Equity  
for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Group 

Ordinary 
Share 
Capital 

Share 
Premium 

Shares 
to be 
issued 

Capital 
Redemption 
Reserve 

Share 
Option  
Reserve 

Reverse 
Acquisition 
Reserve 

Retained 
Losses 

Total 

£'000 

£'000 

£’000 

£’000 

£'000 

£'000 

£'000 

£'000 

At 1 January 2022 

3,493 

32,566 

Issue of shares for acquisition of 
AZD 1656 intangible asset 

Issue of shares for cash  

Costs of share issue 

Share options exercised 

Shares to be issued 

Share option charge 

5 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,875 

500 

(80) 

56 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

115 

- 

10,081 

335 

(40,021) 

(5,517) 

937 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(276) 

- 

140 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

276 

- 

- 

1,880 

504 

(80) 

56 

115 

140 

3,502 

34,917 

115 

10,081 

199 

(40,021) 

(5,241) 

3,552 

Comprehensive Loss for the year 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(912) 

(912) 

At 31 December 2022 

3,502 

34,917 

115 

10,081 

199 

(40,021) 

(6,153) 

2,640 

Registration of shares to be issued 

Issue of shares for cash  

Costs of share issue 

Share option charge 

- 

2 

- 

- 

348 

(45) 

- 

115 

(115) 

3,504 

35,335 

Comprehensive Loss for the year 

- 

- 

At 31 December 2023 

3,504 

35,335 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

279 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

350 

(45) 

279 

10,081 

478 

(40,021) 

(6,153) 

3,224 

- 

- 

- 

(1,717) 

(1,717) 

10,081 

478 

(40,021) 

(7,870) 

1,507 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

44 

Company statement of Changes in Equity  
for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Ordinary 
Share  
Capital 
£’000 

Share 
premium 

£’000 

Shares 
to be 
issued 
£’000 

Share capital 
reduction 
reserve 
£’000 

Share 
option 
reserve 
£’000 

Retained 
Losses 
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

At 1 January 2022 

3,493 

32,566 

10,081 

335 

(23,516) 

22,959 

Issue of shares for acquisition of 
AZD 1656 intangible asset 

Issue of shares cash (net of 
expenses) 

Costs of share issue 

Share options exercised 

Shares to be issued 

Share option charge for year 

5 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,875 

500 

(80) 

56 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

115 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(276) 

276 

- 

140 

- 

- 

1,880 

504 

(80) 

56 

115 

140 

3,502 

34,917 

115 

10,081 

199 

(23,240) 

25,574 

Comprehensive Loss for the year 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(627) 

(627) 

At 31 December 2022 

3,502 

34,917 

115 

10,081 

199 

(23,867) 

24,947 

115 

(115) 

Registration of shares to be issued 

Issue of shares cash  

Costs of share issue 

Share option charge for year 

- 

2 

- 

- 

348 

(45) 

- 

3,504 

35,335 

Comprehensive Loss for the year 

- 

- 

At 31 December 2023 

3,504 

35,335 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

279 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

350 

(45) 

279 

10,081 

478 

(23,867) 

25,531 

- 

- 

(1,540) 

(1,540) 

10,081 

478 

(25,407) 

23,991 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

The notes on pages 45 to 60 are an integral part of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

45 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

1  General information 

Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC (“the Company” of “the Group”) is a public limited company with its shares 
traded on the Standard Listing of the London Stock Exchange. On 14 May 2021 the Company acquired through 
a share for share exchange the entire share capital of Cizzle Biotechnology Limited. The Company is a holding 
company of a group of companies (“the Group”) whose principal activity is the early detection of lung cancer via 
the development of an immunoassay test for the CIZ1B biomarker. 

The directors consider there to be no ultimate controlling shareholder of the Company. 

The address of the registered office is 6th Floor, 60 Gracechurch Street, London, EC3V 0HR and the registered 
number of the Company is 06133765.  

2 

Accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These 
policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

2.1  Basis of preparation 

The  financial  statements  of  Cizzle  Biotechnology  Holdings  PLC  (“the  Company”)  including  subsidiary 
undertakings  (together  referred  to  as  “the  Group”)  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international accounting standards and the Companies Act 2006 on a historical cost basis. 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain  critical  accounting 
estimates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the  Company’s 
accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions 
and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 5.  

The results for the year ended 31 December 2023 are the Group results.  

(a)  New standards and interpretations  

The IASB and IFRS Interpretations Committee have issued the following standards and interpretations with an 
effective date of implementation of 1 January 2023. 

i) 

New standards and amendments – applicable 1 January 2023 

The following standard and interpretations apply for the first time to financial reporting periods commencing 
on or after 1 January 2022: 

Amendments to IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements 
and IFRS 2: Disclosure of Accounting Policies 
Amendments to IAS 8: Accounting policies. Changes in 
Accounting Estimates and Errors – Definition of Accounting 
Estimates  
Amendments to IAS 12: Income Taxes – Deferred Tax 
related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single 
Transaction 
Amendments to IAS 12 International Tax Reform: Pillar Two 
Model Rules 

Effective for accounting 
periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2023 

Impact 

None 

1 January 2023 

None 

1 January 2023 

None 

1 January 2023 

None 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

46 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

2 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Forthcoming requirements 

ii) 
As at 31 December 2023, the following standards and interpretations had been issued but were not 
mandatory for annual reporting periods ending on 31 December 2023 and not early adopted. 

Amendments to IAS 1: Presentation of Financial 
Statements: Classification of Liabilities as Current or 
Non-current  
Amendments to IFRS 16 Leases: Lease Liability in a 
Sale and Leaseback 
Amendments to IAS1 Presentation of Financial 
Statements: Non-current Liabilities with Covenants 
Amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and 
IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures: Supplier 
Finance Arrangements 
Amendments to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in 
Foreign Exchange: Lack of Exchangeability 

2.2  Going concern 

Effective for accounting periods 
beginning on or after 
1 January 2024 

Impact 

None 

1 January 2024 

None 

1 January 2024 

None 

1 January 2024 

None 

TBC 

None 

The Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2023. In reaching this conclusion, the Directors have considered current trading and the current and 
projected  funding  position  for  approximately  20  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  the  financial  statements 
through to 31 December 2025. The forecasts have been prepared using a number of scenarios – a base case 
assumes receipt of minimum royalty payments as explained in Note 24 and an extended research scenario into 
other cancers that is financed by the part sale of a current asset investment. These scenarios show that the Group 
continues to be a going concern. The directors have concluded that the Group has sufficient funds in order to 
meet its committed liabilities as they fall due for the foreseeable future. Should funding from these scenarios not 
arise, then the Group would manage its working capital according to its needs through the orderly divestment of 
its current asset investment in a NASDAQ-listed company. This would ensure that the Group has sufficient cash 
resources for at least 12 months from the date of signing these accounts, as well as meeting the goals within its 
business plan. 

Current funding 
The Group’s cash balance as at 31 December 2023 was £144,000 and there were no borrowing facilities at that 
date. On 26 September 2022 the Company raised £535,000, before share issue costs, through the placing of new 
ordinary shares. Also a further facility of £500,000, which is available until 19 March 2024, was announced that is 
available to the Company, to provide further funds at a fixed price of 1.8p per ordinary share.  

On 19 December 2022 the Company raised £115,000, net of share issue costs, (gross proceeds: £118,000) and 
the ordinary shares relating to this subscription were admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange in January 
2023. 

On 26 March 2024 the Group announced that it has undertaken a conditional placing of 31,050,000 new ordinary 
shares of 0.01p each (“Ordinary Shares”) in the Company (the “Placing”) at a price of 2 pence per share (the 
“Issue  Price”)  raising  approximately  £0.62  million  before  expenses  for  the  Company.  The  net  proceeds  of  the 
Placing will be utilised towards completing the Company’s first proposed commercial test to detect CIZ1B, further 
protect the Company’s Intellectual Property (IP), progress the Company’s research with the University of York 
and for general corporate purposes. 

Upon completion of the Placing, the Company intends to terminate the £500,000 loan facility agreement with E3 
Fund SP entered into on 20 September 2022. This facility has not been drawn down. 

The Company also agreed to issue 1,500,000 new Ordinary Shares at 2p per new ordinary share in satisfaction 
of a payment of £30,000 for professional advisory services to Novum Securities Limited. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

47 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

2 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Conclusion 
After  taking  account  of  the  Company’s  current  funding  position,  its  cash  flow  projections  and  the  risks  and 
uncertainties associated with these, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company  
have  access  to  adequate  resources  to  continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  For  these 
reasons they continue to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. These financial statements 
do not include any adjustments that would result from the going concern basis of preparation being inappropriate.  

2.3  Segmental reporting 
IFRS 8 requires that segmental information be disclosed on the basis of information reported to the chief operating 
decision  maker.  The  Company  considers  that  the  role  of  chief  operating  decision  maker  is  performed  by  the 
Company’s Board of Directors. The Group’s only business activity and single segment is the development of tests 
for the early detection of lung cancer.  

2.4  Foreign currency translation 
The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is Sterling which is also the presentational currency 
of  the  financial  statements.  Foreign  currency  assets  and  liabilities  are  converted  into  Sterling  at  the  rates  of 
exchange ruling at the end of the financial year. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses 
resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates of monetary 
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. 

2.5  Non-Current assets 
Investments in intangible assets and subsidiaries are stated at cost less accumulated impairment.  

Investments classified as current assets  

2.6 
Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) 
are measured at fair value through profit or loss (“FVPL”). A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently 
measured at FVPL is recognised in profit or loss and presented net within other gains / (losses) in the period in 
which it arises. 

2.7   Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash  equivalents include cash  in  hand, deposits held at call with banks and other short-term highly 
liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less.  

2.8  Share capital 
Ordinary  shares  are  classified  as  equity.  Incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue  of  new  shares  or 
options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Note 23 describes all equity categories 
in further detail. 

2.9  Current and deferred income tax 
Current income tax is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the  statement 
of financial position date in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries and associates operate and generate 
taxable  income. Management periodically  evaluates  positions taken  in  tax returns with respect to situations in 
which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate on the 
basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Research and Development tax credits are accounted 
for on an accruals basis. 

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the 
tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  in  the  financial  statements.  However,  deferred 
income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than 
a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss. 
Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted 
by the statement of financial position date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset 
is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred income tax assets are recognised to the extent 
that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

48 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

2 

Accounting policies (continued) 

2.10       Share based payments 

The  Company  operates  an  equity-settled,  share-based  compensation  plan.  The  fair  value  of  the  employee 
services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense and credited to the share 
option reserve within equity. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period is determined by reference 
to the fair value of the options granted, excluding the impact of any non-market vesting conditions (for example, 
profitability and sales growth targets). Options that lapse before vesting are credited back to income. The proceeds 
received  net  of  any  directly  attributable  transaction  costs  are  credited  to  share  capital  (nominal  value)  and,  if 
applicable, share premium when the options are exercised. 

2.11 

Financial instruments 

i) Financial assets 
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories: 

• 
• 

those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss; and 
those to be measured at amortised cost. 

The classification depends on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contracted terms of 
the cash flows. Financial assets are classified as at amortised cost only if both of the following criteria are met: 

• 
• 

the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contracted cash flows; and 
the contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. 

Financial assets, including trade and other receivables and cash and bank balances, are initially recognised at 
transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured 
at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Such assets are subsequently 
carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. At the end of each reporting period financial assets 
measured  at  amortised  cost  are  assessed  for  objective  evidence  of  impairment.  If  an  asset  is  impaired  the 
impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows 
discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in the consolidated 
income statement. The Company applies the simplified approach in calculating the expected credit losses (ECLs) 
as permitted by IFRS 9. Changes in credit risk is not tracked but instead a loss allowance is recognised at each 
reporting date based on the financial asset’s lifetime ECL. 

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised 
the  impairment  is  reversed.  The  reversal  is  such  that  the  current  carrying  amount  does  not  exceed  what  the 
carrying amount would have been had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal 
is recognised in the consolidated income statement. 

Financial assets are derecognised when (a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are 
settled, or (b) substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the asset are transferred to another party 
or  (c)  despite  having  retained  some  significant  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership,  control  of  the  asset  has  been 
transferred to another party who has the practical ability to unilaterally sell the asset to an unrelated third party 
without imposing additional restrictions 

ii) Financial liabilities 

Basic financial liabilities, being trade and other payables, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the 
arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of 
the future receipts discounted at  a market rate of  interest. Trade payables are obligations to pay for  goods or 
services  that  have  been  acquired  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business  from  suppliers.  Accounts  payable  are 
classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current 
liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method. 

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual obligation is 
discharged, cancelled or expires. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

49 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

2.11 

Financial instruments (continued) 

iii) Offsetting 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is 
an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise 
the asset and settle to liability simultaneously. 

2.12  Pensions 

For  defined  contribution  schemes  the  amount  charged  to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  is  the 
contribution  payable  in  the  year.  Differences  between  the  contributions  payable  in  the  year  and  contributions 
actually paid are shown either as accruals or prepayments. 

3  Reverse acquisition 

On 14 May 2021 the Company acquired through a share for share exchange the entire share capital of 
CBL  whose  principal  activity  is  the  early  detection  of  lung  cancer  through  the  development  of  tests  to 
detect CIZ1B variant protein. 

Although  the  transaction  resulted  in  CBL  becoming  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company,  the 
transaction  constitutes  a  reverse  acquisition  as  the  previous  shareholders  of  CBL  own  a  substantial 
majority of the shares of the Company. 

In substance the shareholders of CBL acquired a controlling interest in the Company and the transaction 
has  therefore  been  accounted  for  as  a  reverse  acquisition.  As  the  Company’s  activities  prior  to  the 
acquisition were purely the maintenance of the AIM listing, acquiring CBL and raising equity finance to 
provide the required funding for the operations of the acquisition means it did not meet the definition of a 
business combination in accordance with IFRS 3. 

Accordingly, this reverse acquisition does not constitute a business combination and was accounted for 
in  accordance  with  IFRS  2  “Share-based  Payments”  and  associated  IFRIC  guidance.  Although  the 
reverse  acquisition  is  not  a  business  combination,  the  Company  has  become  a  legal  parent  and  is 
required to apply IFRS 10 and prepare consolidated financial statements. The directors have prepared 
these financial statements using the reverse acquisition methodology, but rather than recognise goodwill, 
the difference between the equity value given up by the CBL shareholders is charged to the statement of 
comprehensive income as a share-based payment on reverse acquisition, and represents in substance 
the cost of acquiring a quoted company. 

In accordance with the reverse acquisition principles, these consolidated financial statements represent 
a continuation of the consolidated statements of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings Plc and its subsidiaries 
and include: 
- The assets and liabilities of CBL at their pre-acquisition carrying value amounts and the results for all 
periods reported; and 
- The assets and liabilities of the Company as at 14 May 2021 and its results from the date of reverse 
acquisition (14 May 2021 to 31 December 2021).  

On  14  May  2021  the  Company  issued  206,310,903  ordinary  shares  to  acquire  the  313,932  ordinary 
shares of CBL Limited. At 14 May 2021 the valuation of the investment in CBL was £21,700,000. 

Because the legal subsidiary, CBL, was treated on consolidation as the accounting acquirer and the legal 
parent company, Cizzle  Biotechnology Holdings  Plc,  was treated  as an accounting subsidiary, the fair 
value of the shares deemed to be issued by CBL was calculated at £2,587,000 based on an assessment 
of the purchase consideration for a 100% holding of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings plc. 

The fair value of the net liabilities of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings Plc at acquisition was as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Other assets 
Liabilities 
Net (Liabilities) 

£’000 
46 
47 
(310) 
(217) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

50 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

3 

Reverse acquisition (continued) 

The difference between  the deemed cost of £2,587,000 and the fair value of  the net liabilities noted above of 
£(217,000) resulted in £2,804,000 being expensed as “reverse acquisition expenses” in accordance with IFRS2, 
Share- based Payments, reflecting the economic cost to CBL shareholders of acquiring a quoted entity. 

The reverse acquisition reserve which arose from the reverse takeover is made up as follows: 

Pre-acquisition equity1 
CBL share capital at acquisition2 
Investment in CBL3 
Reverse acquisition expense4 

£’000 
(22,621) 
1,599 
(21,803) 
2,804 
(40,021) 

1.  Pre-acquisition equity of Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC at 14 May 2021. 
2.  CBL had issued share capital and share premium of £1,599,000. As these financial statements represent 

the capital structure of the legal parent entity, the equity of CBL is eliminated. 

3.  The  value  of  the  shares  issued  by  the  Company  in  exchange  for  the  entire  share  capital  of  CBL  plus 

stamp duty expenses.  

4.  The reverse acquisition expense represents the difference between the value of the equity issued by the 

Company, and the deemed consideration given by CBL to the Group. 

4 

Financial risk 

The Group’s principal risk factors are as follows: 

4.1    Capital risk management 

The  Company  monitors  capital  which  comprises  all  components  of  equity  (i.e.  share  capital,  share  premium, 
capital reduction reserve, share option reserve, and retained earnings/losses). Note 22 describes how capital is 
managed in respect of the debt to equity ratio. 

4.2  Financial risk factors 

The  Group’s  operations  exposed  it  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks  that  had  included  the  effects  of  Level  One 
investment  risk,  credit  risk,  liquidity  risk  and  interest  rate  risk.  The  Company  had  in  place  a  risk  management 
programme that attempted to limit the adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company by monitoring 
levels of debt finance and the related finance costs. The Company did not use derivative financial instruments to 
manage interest rate costs and as such, no hedge accounting was applied. 

Given  the  size  of  the  Company,  the  directors  did  not  delegate  the  responsibility  of  monitoring  financial  risk 
management to a sub-committee of the Board. The policies set by the board of directors were implemented by 
the Company’s finance department. 

(a)  Credit risk 

The  Company’s  credit  risk  was  primarily  attributable  to  its  trade  receivables  balance.  The  amounts 
presented in the statement of financial position are net of allowances for impairment. The credit risk on the 
current asset investment arises from the investment in a Nasdaq quoted company. The Group reviews the 
market price of this investment on a daily basis. 

(b) 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that an entity will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities. The Company’s financial liabilities included its trade and other payables shown in Note 16. The 
Group manages this risk through the preparation of cash flow forecasts which are regularly reviewed by 
the directors. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

51 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

5         Critical accounting estimates and judgements 
In the preparation of the financial statements the directors must make estimates and assumptions that affect 
the asset and liability items and revenue and expense amounts recorded in the financial  statements. These 
estimates  are  based  on  historical  experience  and  various  other  assumptions  that  the  Board  believes  are 
reasonable  under  the  circumstances.  The  results  of  this  form  the  basis  for  making  judgements  about  the 
carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. 

Accounting judgement 

a) 
The Company’s principal judgement in 2023 relate to its impairment review of its investment in its subsidiary 
company, CBL. In 2022 relate to its impairment review of its’s intangible assets (AZD 1656).  Following the 
review of these assets at 31 December 2023 the directors considered that no impairment loss is required to 
be made.  

b) 

Accounting estimate 

Share based payments  
See Note 15 which explains the methods used to estimate the fair value of share options granted.  

6  Operating expenses 

Research and development 
Professional advisers 
Staff costs 
Intellectual property renewal fees 
Regulatory fees 
Share based payment 
Audit fees (Note 7) 
Other expenditure 
On-going administrative costs 
Share option charge 
Cost associated with put option 
Gain on transfer of intangible asset 
Net fair value loss on financial asset measured at fair  
value through profit or loss 
Total administrative expenses  

7 

 Auditor’s remuneration 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Group, 
Company and subsidiary financial statements 

8 

Directors’ emoluments       

Group 
2023 
£’000 
214 
173 
146 
22 
13 
- 
36 
65 
669 
307 
120 
(44) 

711 
1,763 

Group 
2023 
£’000 

36 

36 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
280 
180 
154 
38 
68 
8 
31 
64 
823 
140 
- 
- 

- 
963 

Group 
2022 
£’000 

31 

31 

Wages and salaries 

Social Security Costs 

Pension Contributions 

Share based payments* 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
196 

22 

5 

307 
530 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
300 

39 

5 

140 
484 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
133 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
143 

15 

3 

307 
458 

17 

3 

140 
303 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

52 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

Directors’ emoluments (continued)      

*Included in the share based payment charge is £28,000 related to the employee contribution of the national 
insurance which has been accrued for as the Company has taken on the obligation on the employee’s behalf. 

The Group does not have any employees other than the directors. The average number of directors during the 
year was 4 (2021: 4). 

9 

Income tax credit 

The tax credit for the year was as follows: 

Research and development tax credits  

-  Current year 

-  Prior year 

Group 
2023 
£’000 

(47) 

1 
(46) 

Group 
2022 
£’000 

(47) 

(4) 
(51) 

Research and Development tax credits are accounted for on an accruals basis. 

The tax on the Group’s loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the tax rate 
applicable to the losses of the Group as follows:  

Loss before tax on continuing operations 

Tax calculated at the domestic rate applicable of 19%* (2022: 19%) 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Tax losses for which no deferred tax credit was recognised 
Research and development tax credit 
Total income tax credit 

19% has been used as the Company generates profits of less than £50k 

10  Earnings per share 

Basic loss per share      

Loss for the year 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 
Basic loss per share 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
(1,763) 
(335) 
209 
126 
(46) 
(46) 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
(963) 
(183) 
27 
156 
(51) 
(51) 

Group 
2023 
(1,717,000) 
355,861,445 
(0.5p) 

Group 
2022 
(912,000) 
291,322,970 
(0.3p) 

The basic loss per share is derived by dividing the loss for the period attributable to ordinary shareholders by 
the weighted average number of shares in issue.  

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares outstanding after adjusting these amounts for the effects of dilutive potential 
ordinary shares. As the results for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 are a loss, any 
exercise of share options would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share. Consequently, earnings per 
share and diluted earnings per share are the same and the calculation has not been included. 

As  at  31  December  2023,  there  were  share  options  outstanding  over  48,685,443  shares  (2022:  19,742,945 
shares), which could potentially have a dilutive impact in the future.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

53 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

11  Non- Current assets  

Investment in subsidiary undertakings 

Intangible assets 
Total investments 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
- 

- 
- 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
- 

2,080 
2,080 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
21,803 

- 
21,803 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
21,803 

2,080 
23,883 

a. 

Investments in subsidiary undertakings - Company 

Opening balance 
Acquisition during the year 
Closing balance 

2023 
£’000 
21,803 
- 
21,803 

2022 
£’000 
21,803 
- 
21,803 

The investment in subsidiary undertakings is in the following companies: 

Name 

Country of 
incorporation 

Proportion of ownership 
interest 

Principal activities/status 

Cizzle Biotechnology 
Limited 

England and 
Wales 

100% interest in ordinary 
share capital 

Early detection of lung 
cancer 

Cizzle Biotech Limited 
(formerly Enfis Limited) 

England and 
Wales 

100% interest in ordinary 
share capital 

Dormant 

The registered address for ongoing subsidiaries is 6th floor, 60 Gracechurch Street, London, EC3V 0HR.  
Cizzle  Biotechnology Limited  - as  mentioned in  Note 3,  this investment  represents the value of the shares 
issued by the Company in exchange for the entire share capital of CBL (£21,700,000 plus stamp duty expenses 
of £103,000).  

b. 

Intangible assets – Group and Company 

Opening balance 
Acquisition during the year 
Disposal (traded for investment measured at 
fair value through profit or loss)* 
Closing balance 

2023 
£’000 
2,080 
- 

(2,080) 

- 

2022 
£’000 
200 
1,880 

- 

2,080 

* During the current year the Company exercised a put option which meant that the intangible asset  was 
traded for an investment in Conduit Pharmaceuticals Limited (“Conduit”) as set out in Note 12 resulting in 
a gain of £44,000. 

On 14 February 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement (the "Agreement") with Conduit and 
St George Street Capital Limited ("SGSC") to acquire a 5% economic interest in the commercialisation of the 
AZD 1656 asset or other such assets being developed by Conduit or SGSC to treat inflammatory pulmonary 
and cardiovascular disease (the “Economic Interest”). 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

54 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

11  Non- Current assets (continued) 

b. 

Intangible assets – Group and Company (continued) 

Highlights of the Agreement are as follows: 

-  Agreement with Conduit and SGSC to acquire a 5% economic interest for a total consideration of 
£1.88  million,  to  be  settled  in  new  Cizzle  ordinary  shares  at  a  price  of  4.0p  per  share,  a  56.9% 
premium to the closing mid-market price on 11 February 2022; 

-  The Agreement is in addition to the Company’s existing interest in AZD 1656 as announced on 20 

September 2021: 

-  SGSC recently reported the successful completion of the AZD 1656 ARCADIA clinical trial in Covid-
19  and  SGSC  and  Conduit  are  in  discussions  with  multiple  pharmaceutical  companies  about 
licensing opportunities for AZD 1656 for Covid-19 and potentially for further indications; and 

-  The  Agreement  supports  the  Company’s  ambitions  to  expand  its  target  customer  base  into  the 
pharmaceutical industry and is in line with its strategy of building a portfolio of early cancer detection 
tests, companion diagnostics and royalty bearing stakes in significant drug assets. 

Consideration for the Agreement (£1.88m) - non cash acquisition  

Under the terms of the Agreement, Cizzle will  pay consideration  of  £1.88 million to SGS  for the Economic 
Interest. Of the consideration payable, £1.0 million (the “Initial Consideration”) was satisfied by the issue of 
25,000,000  new ordinary shares in the  Company (the “Consideration Shares”),  at a  price  of 4.0  pence per 
Consideration Share, being a premium of 56.9 per cent. to the Company’s closing mid-market price of 2.55 
pence on 11 February 2022. The remaining consideration of £880,000 was settled in new ordinary shares in 
the Company issued at 4.0 pence per share, on 29 September 2022. 

Consideration for Put Options (£0.12m) 

On  19  December  2022  the  Company  agreed  a  put  option  to  sell:  (i)  its  5%  economic  interest  in  the 
commercialisation of  the  AZD 1656 asset to treat  inflammatory pulmonary and  cardiovascular disease (the 
"Economic Interest"); and (ii) its royalty sharing agreement with St George Street Capital ("SGSC"), the UK-
based biomedical charity (the “Royalty Sharing Agreement’) to Conduit Pharmaceuticals Limited ("Conduit") 
for a total expected value of £3.25 million to be satisfied through the issuance of new shares in Conduit (the 
“Option”). On transfer of the shares to the Company, the shares were worth £2.12 million (refer to note 12). 
The Economic Interest and Royalty Sharing Agreement are valued at cost, totalling £2,080,000. No profits or 
revenues were attributable to the assets subject to the Option. The Option is exercisable solely at the discretion 
of Cizzle and Cizzle has agreed to pay Conduit £120,000 in cash as the premium for the Option, which has a 
nine-month term. The Company also raised proceeds of £115,586, net of expenses, by way of a subscription 
for 7,371,557 new ordinary shares in the Company ("Ordinary Shares") at 1.6p per share (the “Issue Price”) 
with existing investors (the “Subscription”), in order to provide funds to be put towards satisfying the Option 
premium. 

This Put Option was paid for in cash and in 2022 was accounted for under prepayments ( see Note 13). 

On 26 September 2023 the Company exercised the option to acquire £3,250,000 payable in shares in Conduit 
Pharmaceuticals  Inc,  a  company  that  was  subsequently  listed  on  NASDAQ  during  December  2023.  The 
Company were not able to have these shares registered with its custodian until January 2024. 

b. 

Intangible assets – Group  (continued) 

At  1  January  2022,  Intangible  assets  represents  the  fair  value  of  an  investment  in  a  royalty  sharing 
arrangement with St George Street Capital (“SGSC”), a UK-based medical charity. This agreement grants the 
Company potential future royalty payments from the commercialisation of St George Street’s therapeutic asset 
AZD1656 of up to £5m, plus potentially further payments from the use of a companion diagnostic. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

55 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

12.  Current asset investment 

Investment 

Total investments 

Investment – Group and Company 

Transfer from intangible asset* 
Measurement loss of level1 investment at 
year end 
Market  value  of 
December 2023 

Investment  at  31 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
1,413 

1,413 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
- 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
1,413 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
- 

- 

1,413 

- 

2023 
£’000 
2,124 

(711) 

1,413 

2022 
£’000 
- 

- 

- 

*  During  the  current  year  the  Company  exercised  a  put  option  which  meant  that  the  intangible  asset    was 
traded for an investment in Conduit Pharmaceuticals Limited (“Conduit”) as set out in Note 11 resulting in a 
gain of £44,000. 

The    investment  noted  above  represents  shares  held  in  Conduit  Pharmaceuticals  Inc,  a  NASDAQ-listed 
company as mentioned in Note 11. The investment is a level 1 investment and has been valued at its market 
value on 31 December 2023. 

13 

 Trade and other receivables          

Amounts due from subsidiaries 
Social security and other taxes 
Corporation tax recoverable 
Prepayments and other receivables 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
- 
14 
95 
27 
136 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
- 
7 
88 
132 
227 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
801 
6 
- 
23 
830 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
590 
8 
- 
128 
726 

Prepayments include £Nil (2022: £120,000) for a Put Option that was acquired during the year and paid in 
cash. During 2023 the Put Option was exercised  in order to obtain the current asset investment (Note 12). 
Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings at 31 December 2023 represented net amounts provided to the 
Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Cizzle Biotechnology Limited.  

The  fair  value  of  trade  and  other  receivables  approximate  to  the  net  book  values  stated  above.  As  of  31 
December 2023, trade and other receivables of £Nil (2022: £Nil) were impaired. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

56 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

14 

 Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash on hand and balances with banks 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
144 

144 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
478 

478 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
70 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
464 

70 

464 

15  Share capital 

Numbers in 000s 

Nominal value per share 
At 1 January 2023 
Issued 
At 31 December 2023 

New 
Ordinary 
Shares 
0.01p 
339,804 
24,038 
363,842 

Deferred ‘A’ 
shares 

Deferred ‘A' 
shares 

0.01p 
12,383,626  
- 
12,383,626  

0.99p 
225,158 
- 
225,158 

The above table reflects the full authorised and fully paid  shares of the Company at 31 December 2023. There 
are no shares issued that are partly paid. The following table reconciles the total nominal value of the shares 
in issue: 

Nominal value per share 

At 1 January 2023 

Issued during the year 
At 31 December 2023 

New 
Ordinary 
shares 
0.01p 
£000 
35 

Deferred 
£0.01p  
‘A’ shares 
0.01p 
£’000 
1,238 

Deferred ‘A' 
shares 
0.99p 
£000 
2,229 

2 
37 

- 
1,238 

- 
2,229 

Total 
£000 
3,502 

2 
3,504 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the following shares were issued: 

5 Jan 2023 – Subscription (cash) 
23 June 2023 – Subscription (cash) 
Total issued 

No of shares 
issued  
000s 

Issue price 
per share 
Pence 

7,371 
16,667 
24,038 

1.6p 
2.1p 

On 14 May 2021 the Company issued investor warrants to subscribe for 11,000,000 Ordinary Shares at a fixed 
price of 15p per share valid for three years until 13 May 2024. On 14 May 2021 the Company issued broker and 
adviser warrants to subscribe for 1,350,000 Ordinary Shares at a fixed price of 10p per share valid for three years 
until 13 May 2024. 250,000 of these broker warrants are automatically exercisable upon the Company’s share 
price equalling 20p per share. The fair value of these warrants at 31 December 2021 was £36,000 and in 2021 
was accounted for as a cost to the Company and a reduction of the share premium account. In June 2023 the 
Group raised net proceeds, before expenses, of £305,000 (gross proceeds: £350,000). 

On 11 April 2024  32,550,000 new Ordinary Shares were admitted to the Main Market of the London Stock 
Exchange due to a share placing that raised gross proceeds of approximately £0.62m (before expenses) and 
the settlement of £30,000 of professional fees. This is further explained in Note 24. 

 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

57 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

15  Share capital (continued) 

Employee share scheme 

The  Company  has  an  Executive  Share  Option  Scheme.  The  exercise  terms  of  all  granted  options  as  at  31 
December 2023 are summarised below: 

Date of grant 

2015 
2016 
2017 
2021 
2023 

 Number of 
options 

300 
800 
500 
19,741,345 
28,942,498 

Exercise price 
(pence per 
share) 
5.02 
1.85 
1.00 
10.00 
2.19376p 

Exercise 
dates from 

2017 
2017 
2018 
2021 (based on performance) 
2024 

The number and weighted average exercise price of the options that were exercisable at 31 December 2023 were 
19,742,945  and  10.0p  respectively.  The  share  based  payment  charge  for  the  year  was  £307,000  (2021: 
£140,000). Included in the share based payment charge is £28,000 related to the employee contribution of the 
national insurance which has been accrued for as the Company has taken on the obligation on the employee’s 
behalf. Movements in the number of share options outstanding and their related weighted average exercise prices 
are as follows: 

At 31 December 2022 
Granted  during year 
At 31 December 2023 

Average  
exercise price 
(pence per 
share) 
10.00 
2.19 
5.35 

Options 

number 

19,742,945 
28,942,498 
48,685,443 

Share options outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry dates and exercise prices: 

Expiry date 

2025 
2026 
2027 
2031 
2033 

Exercise price 
(pence per 
share) 
5.02 
1.85 
1.00 
10.00 
2.19 

Options 
2023 

300 
800 
500 
19,741,345 
28,942,498 
48,685,443 

The Company determines the fair value of its share option contracts on the grant date, adjusts this to reflect its 
expectation of the options that will ultimately vest, and then expenses the calculated balance on a straight-line 
basis  through  its  statement  of  comprehensive  income  over  the  expected  vesting  period  with  a  corresponding 
credit to its share option reserve. Subsequent changes to the expectation of number of options that will ultimately 
vest are dealt with prospectively such that the cumulative amount charged to the statement of comprehensive 
income is consistent with latest expectations. Subsequent changes in market conditions do not impact the amount 
charged to the statement of comprehensive income. The Company determines the fair value of its share option 
contracts  using  a  model  based  on  the  Black-Scholes-Merton  methodology.  In  determining  the  fair  value  of  its 
share option contracts, the Company made the following assumptions (ranges are provided where values differ 
across tranches). Expected volatility was determined by reference to historical volatility of the Company’s share 
price. 

Grant date 

2021 
2021 
2023 

Share 
Price 
Pence 

9.38p 
4.40p 
1.95p 

Exercise 
Price 
Pence 

1.53p 
10.00p 
2.19p 

Expected 
Option 
Life 
Years 
10 years 
10 years 
10 years 

Expected 
Volatility 
% 
68% 
32% 
58.4% 

Expected 
Dividend 
Yield 
% 
0% 
0% 
0% 

Risk free 
Interest 
Rate 
% 
0.83% 
0.83% 
4.93% 

Fair Value 
At date of 
Grant 
Pence 
1.60p 
3.00p 
1.32p 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

58 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

16 

 Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 

Social security and other taxes 
Accruals and other payables 

Due or due in less than one month 

Due between one and three months 
Due in more than three months 

17 

Financial assets and liabilities 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
92 

7 
87 
186 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
68 

17 
7 
92 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
41 

8 
96 
145 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
16 

25 
- 
41 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
41 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
40 

7 
77 
125 

8 
78 
126 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
17 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
15 

17 
7 
41 

25 
- 
40 

The  tables  below  analyse  the  carrying  value  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  in  the  Group’s  and 
Company’s statements of financial position. Further information on the classes that make up each category is 
provided in the notes indicated. The carrying value of each category is considered a reasonable approximation of 
its fair value. All amounts are due within one year.  

Amounts due from subsidiaries (Note 13) 
Other receivables (Note 13) 
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 14) 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
- 
5 
144 

Group 
2022 
£’000 
- 
132 
478 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
801 
- 
70 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
590 
128 
464 

Financial assets at amortised cost 

149 

610 

871 

1,182 

Financial assets at fair value through profit 
or loss (Note12) 

Trade payables (Note 16) 

Accruals and other payables (Note 16)  
Financial liabilities at amortised cost 

18     Deferred income tax 

1,413 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
92 

87 
179 

- 

Group 
2022 
£’000 

41 

96 
137 

1,413 
Company 
2023 
£’000 

- 

Company 
2022 
£’000 

41 

77 
118 

40 

78 
118 

There is an un-provided deferred tax asset arising on taxable losses of £0.72m (2022: £0.64m). In accordance 
with  accounting  standards,  the  deferred  tax  asset  has  not  been  recognised  in  the  financial  statements  due  to 
uncertainty over the availability of sufficient future profits against which it could be recovered.   

At 31 December 2023 there was no deferred tax liability (2022: £Nil).  

19  Commitments 

The Group has no commitments as at 31 December 2023 (2022: £Nil).  

 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

59 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

20  Related party transactions 

Transactions with directors 

At 31 December 2023 there were no balances owed to directors other that recent expense claims totalling  £6,120 
which  were  paid  during  January  2024.  At  31  December  2022  there  was  a  balance  owed  to  the  Company  by 
Professor Dawn Coverley, a director of the Company, of £680 in respect of PAYE/NI arising on the exercise of 
share options. This amount was fully settled in January 2023. The maximum liability owed to the Company during 
the year was £2,582. During 2023 the group paid £10,000 to Dr Justin Ainscough for research and development 
consultancy  work.  Dr  Ainscough  is  a  shareholder  and  husband  to  Professor  Dawn  Coverley,  a  director  of  the 
Company. 

21  Controlling party 

The directors consider there to be no ultimate controlling party. 

22 

Capital management 

In managing its capital structure, the Group and Company’s objective is to safeguard the Group and Company's 
ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  managing  cash  flows  so  that  it  can  continue  to  provide  returns  for 
shareholders. 

The Company makes adjustments to its capital structure in the light of changes in economic conditions and the 
requirements of the Company’s businesses. The Board has sought to maintain low levels of borrowing to reflect 
the  development  stage  of  the  Company’s  businesses.  Over  time  as  the  Company’s  businesses  mature  and 
become profitable the Board is likely to make increased use of borrowing facilities to fund working capital. In order 
to  maintain  or  adjust  the  capital  structure,  the  Company  may  issue  new  shares  or  seek  additional  borrowing 
facilities. The Company monitors capital on several bases including the debt to equity ratio. This ratio is calculated 
as  debt  ÷  equity.  Debt  is  calculated  as  total  borrowings  as  shown  in  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial 
position. 

Equity comprises all components of equity as shown in the consolidated statement of financial position. The debt-
to-equity ratio at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021 was as follows: 
Group 
2022 
£’000 
- 

Company 
2023 
£’000 
- 

Company 
2022 
£’000 
- 

Group 
2023 
£’000 
- 

Total debt 

Total equity 

Debt-to-equity ratio  

1,507 

0.0% 

2,640 

0.0% 

23,991 

0.0% 

24,947 

0.0% 

23 
The following reserves describe the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity: 

Reserves 

Capital reduction reserve 

a. 
The capital reduction reserve set out in the Statement of Changes in Equity arose in 2014 when the nominal 
value of each share was reduced from 10p to 1p.  

Share premium 

b. 
The amount subscribed for each share in excess of nominal value. 

Reverse acquisition reserve 

c. 
The reverse acquisition reserve is explained in Note 3. 

Share option 

d. 
The  accumulated  expense  arising  during  their  vesting  period  of  share  options  granted  to  directors  and 
employees and warrants granted to third parties.  

Accumulated losses 

e. 
All other net losses and gains not recognised elsewhere. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings PLC  

60 

Notes to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 

24 

Post balance sheet events 

Funding 
On 26 March 2024 the Company announced that it has undertaken a conditional placing of 31,050,000 new 
ordinary shares of 0.01p each (“Ordinary Shares”) in the Company (the “Placing”) at a price of 2 pence per 
share  (the  “Issue  Price”)  raising  approximately  £0.62  million  before  expenses  for  the  Company.  The  net 
proceeds of the Placing will be utilised towards completing the Company’s first proposed commercial test to 
detect CIZ1B, further protect the Company’s Intellectual Property (IP), progress the Company’s research with 
the University of York and for general corporate purposes. 

Upon completion of the Placing, the Company intends to terminate the £500,000 loan facility agreement with 
E3 Fund SP entered into on 20 September 2022. This facility has not been drawn down. 

The Company also agreed to issue 1,500,000 new Ordinary Shares at 2p per new ordinary share in satisfaction 
of a payment of £30,000 for professional advisory services to Novum Securities Limited. 

The total issue of 32,550,000 new Ordinary Shares were  admitted to the Main Market of the London Stock 
Exchange on 11 April 2024. 

Research & development 
Since the release of the Group’s interim results to 30 June 2023 on 28 September 2023, Cizzle has continued 
to make progress in the development of the Company’s proprietary assay for the CIZ1B biomarker, which is 
highly  associated with early-stage lung cancer.  In particular, the  Company  has successfully completed an 
antibody development programme with ProteoGenix, a France-based antibody development and production 
contract  research  organisation  (CRO),  with  a  track  record  in  generating  antibodies  from  development  to 
production for therapeutic, diagnostic and research use.  The Directors believe that the new antibodies from 
this  development  programme  should  extend  the  range  and  proprietary  rights  that  the  Company  has  for 
detecting the CIZ1B Biomarker. 

Strategic Licensing and Partnership Memorandum of Understanding for North America 

The  Company  announced  on  2  April  2024  a  non-binding  Memorandum  of  Understanding  (“MoU”)  for  a 
strategic and exclusive licensing agreement to develop and offer its proprietary test for the CIZ1B biomarker 
which is highly associated with early-stage lung cancer, throughout the USA and Canada (“North America”). 

The  new  partnership  is  intended  to  incorporate  the  Company’s  existing  relationship  with  Corepath 
Laboratories, a full-service cancer reference laboratory, as announced on 6 May 2022, through a dedicated, 
recently incorporated, US based company Cizzle Bio Inc (“BIO”). 

The Key highlights of the MoU are as follows: 

•  The  MoU  envisages  Cizzle  providing  an  exclusive  licence  to  BIO  to  develop  and  market  clinical 
diagnostic  assays  based  on  the  CIZ1B  biomarker  to  facilitate  the  early  detection  of  lung  cancer  in 
North America ; 

•  Cizzle will receive an up-front payment of US$100,000 within 30 days as a non-refundable fee to grant 

BIO an exclusive negotiating period of 120 days; 

•  Subject to entering binding documentation, Cizzle will receive minimum advance royalty payments of 
US$2.3  million  over  a  period  of  30  months,  payable  as  to  US$0.3  million  on  signing  the  binding 
agreement and a further US$1.0 million on each of the fifteenth and thirtieth month anniversaries of 
signing as part of annual royalty fees of 10% of net sales 

•  BIO intends to fully fund all expenditure on development, clinical trials, accreditation and marketing of 
diagnostic tests for the CIZ1B Biomarker in North America which would represent a significant saving 
on current planned expenditure by the Company; 

•  Cizzle will participate in the ownership of BIO through a grant of a 10% equity stake in BIO for no cash 

consideration; and 

•  Cizzle will benefit from inventions and improvements to CIZ1B technology for sale in the rest of the 

world.