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Co-Operators General Insurance Company

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FY2019 Annual Report · Co-Operators General Insurance Company
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Co-operators General Insurance Company 

Annual Report

2019

Our mission

The Co-operators: financial security for Canadians and their communities.

Our vision

The Co-operators is valued by Canadians as…
> a champion of their prosperity and peace of mind
>  a trusted leader in the financial services industry, distinct in its co-operative character
> a catalyst for a sustainable society

Statement of values

At The Co-operators, we:
> act with integrity
>  treat our members and clients with respect
> inspire and support our employees in their achievement of excellence
> give life to co-operative principles and values
>  balance our economic goals with concern for the environment and the welfare of society

Global co-operative principles

1. Voluntary and open membership
2. Democratic member control
3. Member economic participation
4. Autonomy and independence
5. Education, training and information
6. Co-operation among co-operatives
7.  Concern for community

Table of

contents

02 

 Mission, vision, statement of values and  
co-operative principles

04  Company profile

04  Corporate governance/Annual statement

05  Management’s Discussion and Analysis

40  Glossary of terms

42  Responsibility for financial reporting 

43 

Independent auditor’s report 

46  Appointed actuary’s report

47  Consolidated financial statements 

52  Notes to the consolidated financial statements 

105  Corporate directory 

106  Board of Directors 

107  Member organizations

Company profile

Co-operators General Insurance Company (CGIC) is a leading Canadian-owned multi-product insurance and 
financial services organization with assets of more than $7.4 billion. 

CGIC has 4,072 employees and is supported by a dedicated Financial Advisor network with 2,530 licensed 
insurance representatives throughout Canada.

Under its primary line of business, Property and Casualty insurance, CGIC protects 896,000 homes,  
1.5 million vehicles, 40,000 farms and 269,000 businesses.

Corporate governance

Co-operators General Insurance Company is a member of The Co-operators group of companies.  
As such, we approach best practices in corporate governance from an enterprise perspective.  
We disclose our corporate governance practices in significant detail in the Annual Information Form  
we file on SEDAR (sedar.com) at the end of March each year, and in our Integrated Annual Report.

Annual statement

This Annual Report constitutes the Annual Statement of Co-operators General Insurance Company 
(“CGIC”), which CGIC is required to deliver to its shareholders in accordance with s.334(1) of the 
Insurance Companies Act (Canada).

The following list sets out the sections of this Annual Report, which are delivered to shareholders in 
accordance with s.334(1) of the Insurance Companies Act (Canada) and the page numbers on which 
such sections are located within the Annual Report:

Responsibility for financial reporting 42

The report of CGIC’s auditor 43

The report of CGIC’s actuary 46

CGIC’s consolidated financial statements 47

A list of CGIC’s subsidiaries 52 (note 1)

CGIC’s percentage of the voting rights for each of its subsidiaries 52 (note 1)

The carrying amount of the shares of each of CGIC’s subsidiaries 103 (note 27)

The address of each of CGIC’s subsidiaries’ head office 105

Management’s  
Discussion & Analysis  

 For the year ended December 31, 2019 

  February 13, 2020 

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) comments on Co-operators General Insurance Company’s operations and financial 
condition for the year ended December 31, 2019. 

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, in this report, “Co-operators General”, “we”, “us” and “our” refers to the 
Consolidated Co-operators General Insurance Company including its wholly owned subsidiaries: The Sovereign General Insurance 
Company (Sovereign), COSECO Insurance Company (COSECO), CUMIS General Insurance Company (CUMIS General), Co-operators 
Investment Limited Partnership (CILP), Co-operators Strategic Growth Corporation (CSGC) and Co-operators Insurance Agencies Limited 
(CIAL). CGIC refers to the non-consolidated Co-operators General Insurance Company. CGIC acquired CUMIS General on April 1, 2018; 
refer to the Related Party Transaction section for additional details.  

The information in this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes. References to “Note” 
refer to the Notes to the consolidated financial statements. All amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise specified, and 
are based on consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued 
by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Additional information relating to Co-operators General, including our Annual 
Information Form, can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. 

We use certain financial performance measures which do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore 
unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. They should not be viewed as an alternative to measures of 
financial performance determined in accordance with IFRS. Such measures are defined in this document in the Key Financial Measures 
(Non-IFRS) section.  

The information in this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ 
materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below or in our Annual 
Information Form. Please read the cautionary note which follows. 

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This MD&A may contain forward-looking statements and forward-looking information, including statements regarding the operations, 
objectives, strategies, financial situation and performance of Co-operators General. These statements, which appear in this MD&A 
(including the documents incorporated by reference herein), generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “may”, 
“will”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “would”, “should”, “could”, “trend”, “predict”, “likely”, “potential” or 
“continue” or the negative thereof and similar variations. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve known 
and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in the 
forward-looking statements or information. In addition, this MD&A may contain forward-looking statements and information attributed to 
third party industry sources. By its nature, forward-looking information involves numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and 
uncertainties, both general and specific, that contribute to the possibility that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-
looking statements will not occur. Such forward-looking statements and information in this MD&A speak only as of the date of this MD&A. 

Forward-looking statements and information in this MD&A include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to: our growth 
expectations; the impact of changes in governmental regulation on our company; possible changes in our expense levels; changes in tax 
laws; and anticipated benefits of acquisitions and dispositions. 

With respect to forward-looking statements and information contained in this MD&A, we have made assumptions regarding, among other 
things: growth rates and inflation rates in the Canadian and global economies; the Canadian and U.S. housing markets; the Canadian and 
global capital markets; the strength of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar; employment levels and consumer spending in the 
Canadian economy; and impacts of regulation and tax laws by the Canadian and provincial governments or their agencies. Some of the 
assumptions we have made are described in Outlook, Business Developments and Operating Environment. 

4   CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  5   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements and information are reasonable, there can be no 
assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or 
achievements. Consequently, we make no representation that actual results achieved will be the same in whole or in part as those set out 
in the forward-looking statements and information. Some of the risks and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, which could 
cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements and information contained in this MD&A and the 
documents incorporated by reference herein include, but are not limited to: our ability to implement our strategy or operate our business as 
we currently expect; our ability to accurately assess the risks associated with the insurance policies that we write; unfavourable capital 
market developments or other factors which may affect our investments; the cyclical nature of the property and casualty insurance 
industry; our ability to accurately predict future claims frequency; the frequency and severity of weather related events; climate change; 
government regulations; litigation and regulatory actions; periodic negative publicity regarding the insurance industry; intense competition; 
our reliance on advisors to sell our products; our ability to successfully pursue our acquisition strategy; actions to be taken in connection 
with the sale of L’Union Canadienne, Compagnie d’assurances to Roins Financial Services Limited; our participation in the Facility 
Association (a mandatory pooling arrangement among all industry participants); terrorist attacks and ensuing events; the occurrence of 
catastrophic events; our ability to maintain our financial strength ratings; our ability to alleviate risk through reinsurance; our ability to 
successfully manage credit risk (including credit risk related to the financial health of reinsurers); our reliance on information technology 
and telecommunications systems; impacts of new or changing technologies, including those impacting personal transportation; breaches 
or failure of information system security and privacy, including cyber terrorism; our dependence on key employees; and general economic, 
financial and political conditions.  

Readers are cautioned that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. The forward-looking statements and information contained in this 
MD&A are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement. We are not under any duty to update any of the forward-looking statements 
after the date of this MD&A to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations except as otherwise required by 
applicable legislation.  

CORPORATE OVERVIEW 

ABOUT US 

As a leading Canadian-owned multi-line insurer, Co-operators General plays a vital role in providing home, automobile, farm and 
commercial insurance products to individuals and businesses through a diverse distribution network. We are one of the largest providers of 
property and casualty (P&C) insurance in Canada with a national market share of approximately 6.1%1. Our multi-channel distribution 
model operates under our four main operating companies: 

CGIC - Distributes both personal and commercial insurance products through a dedicated financial advisor network with 2,530 licensed 
insurance representatives throughout Canada. CGIC also distributes the life insurance and wealth management products of Co-operators 
Life Insurance Company, an affiliated company. Customers may also obtain quotes for our suite of insurance products by visiting 
www.cooperators.ca. 

Sovereign - Writes complex commercial and specialty risks for Canadian businesses.  

COSECO - Provides home and auto insurance to employer, association and affinity groups across Canada. 

CUMIS General – Provides personal and commercial insurance products for credit unions and their members.  

Co-operators General’s parent company is Co-operators Financial Services Limited (CFSL) and its ultimate parent company is 
The Co-operators Group Limited (CGL), a Canadian-owned co-operative with 45 members. Significant associated companies under 
common control include Co-operators Life Insurance Company (CLIC), CUMIS Life Insurance Company (CUMIS Life), Addenda Capital 
Inc. (Addenda), Federated Agencies Limited (FAL), H.B. Group Insurance Management Ltd. (HB Group), Premier Managers Holdings 
Corporation (PMHC), and The Edge Benefits Limited. “The Co-operators” refers to CGL and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. The 
majority of Co-operators General’s investment portfolio is managed by Addenda, an investment management firm. We also share many 
other corporate services with affiliated companies in order to maximize synergies amongst the group of companies. 

CORPORATE STRATEGY 

Our strategy continues to be rooted in The Co-operators’ mission: financial security for Canadians and their communities. As we end the first 
year of our four-year strategy, we reflect on the progress we have made against our goals. We have made significant strides in executing on 
our strategic areas of focus (Client Engagement, Co-operative Identity, Competitiveness, Create the Future and Workforce Capability) and 
over the next three years, we will continue to build on this foundation as we strive to further enhance and protect the financial security of our 
members and clients, resiliency of our communities, and the social well-being of Canadians. We are committed to delivering competitive and 
client focused solutions; delivering relevant, contemporary and compelling solutions to our members; and being the financial services provider 
of choice to co-operatives and like-minded organizations. 

Becoming the industry leader in client engagement within the financial services industry 

Our clients are a dynamic range of individuals, families, co-operatives, credit unions, non-profits, corporations and more. The quality of our 
client engagement depends on our ability to understand and respond to their diverse needs, while providing effective products and solutions 
that protect their financial security, community resiliency and social well-being. 

A cornerstone of our strategy is a commitment to create a guided omni-channel experience for our clients. A guided omni-channel experience 
tailors our clients’ experience based on our understanding of each individual client and their needs. Clients can choose how, when, and where 
they do business with us, as well as move seamlessly across the channels as they wish. Client engagement will be enhanced through the 
expansion of our digital capabilities which supports our guided omni-channel approach. 

Client engagement encompasses more than ‘how’ clients interact with us; it also reflects the value, quality and completeness of the products 
and services they choose to obtain from our group of companies. We will offer advice and customized solutions to truly engage our clients. 

Our continued investment in advancing our business intelligence capabilities and segmentation allows us to better understand our clients’ 
needs, price our products, and align our pricing with the insurance risks we take. This information will support our distribution channels with 
actionable information and will contribute to an outstanding experience for our clients. 

How our clients view us is critical to our client engagement success. Each year, we closely monitor our performance to measure the two-way 
creation of value with our clients across all lines of business. In the 2019 J.D. Power study of client satisfaction for Home and Auto insurance, 
we were honoured to rank first in the Atlantic/Ontario region for Home and first in the Alberta, Ontario, and Atlantic regions for Auto. Our high 
ranking is a positive indication that we are meeting clients’ needs. 

Demonstrating a commitment to bring the co-operative principles to life 

Our parent, CGL, is a co-operative and this is core to our identity and to our business. We will continue to be an invaluable part of the co-
operative system and to champion for its advancement. We offer Co-op Guard™ and Garde-coopMC (in Quebec), a suite of products and 
services tailored to the co-operative sector that are the only nationwide products of their kind. 

Commitment to our co-operative identity and sustainability principles means not only serving the needs of the co-operative community, but 
extending the value system through integration and embedment of these principles into our actions, decision making, and business processes 
as well as the products and services we deliver to all of our clients. Health, wellness, loss prevention and financial literacy are areas where our 
values as a co-operative financial service provider allow us to take a unique view of advice and advocacy for all our clients. 

Developing financial solutions and services that provide access for underserved Canadians is an important part of demonstrating our co-
operative identity. Climate change will continue to challenge our industry, and we will remain ahead of this trend by advancing our underwriting 
capabilities and providing products and advice-based services to inform and educate clients to enhance their resilience. As an example, 
Comprehensive Water is our answer to what has quickly become Canada's most significant property insurance need. Since our initial 
deployment in 2015, clients have benefitted from the additional coverage following flooding events that would not otherwise have been 
covered. Our leadership on flood insurance and community resiliency will be demonstrated by continuing our existing efforts on infrastructure 
resiliency and other unmet needs with governments at the federal, provincial and municipal levels. We have also contributed to the Canadian 
Co-operative Investment Fund to further advance co-operative enterprises within Canada. 

1 As of December 31, 2018, the latest information available by MSA Research.  

6 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  7   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

We continue to demonstrate our commitment to co-operative principles through our investment policy and practices by applying an 
investing approach that intentionally seeks to create financial return as well as positive social and/or environmental impact that is actively 
measured. We have committed to focus our impact investing in three main areas: mitigation and adaptation to climate change; health and 
wellness; and food, agriculture and natural resources. Implementing and continuously improving our sustainable and impact investing 
practices will support our long-term vision. In 2018, CGL set an ambitious goal to invest twenty per cent of invested assets into impact 
investments by the end of 2022 and we are on track to achieve this target with more than 19.4 per cent invested as of 2019. These 
investments provide capital for the world’s most pressing environmental and social challenges while generating a competitive risk adjusted 
financial return. The impact of our investments is being actively measured and reported annually. Refer to Climate-related financial 
disclosures for additional details on this metric.   

Enhancing our competitive position in the marketplace 

Operational excellence is key to achieving our goals, and our efforts will focus on continued and committed pursuit of profitable operations. 
We will seek to drive consistent profitability and growth across all business lines, while ensuring efficiency throughout all aspects of our 
operations. The efficiency of our operations will be supported by enhancing our digital capabilities and refinement of our operating 
structure. Close management of our expenses is a priority, along with enhancing our organizational agility, speed to market and leveraging 
our capabilities for business intelligence. A disciplined eye on operational excellence will nurture an environment in which Co-operators 
General can enhance competitiveness, grow profitably and capture market share. 

We will capture, analyze and act on accurate and comprehensive data to improve our decision-making capacity and product service 
solutions. We are building data and reporting capabilities within our business intelligence unit using leading-edge tools and technologies, 
which will strengthen our underwriting and decision-making capabilities. 

Creating the future we want to see 

The pace of change within our industry, and adjacent industries, continues to influence consumer behaviours and create new demands. 
Digitization, technological advancements and unprecedented connectivity are fueling client behaviour and their expectations are driving the 
emergence of new business models. We have dedicated resources in place to explore and invest in this area. To illustrate this, The       
Co-operators has partnered with Slice Labs Inc. (Slice) to deliver a unique value proposition within the emerging digital economy to 
address unmet needs. In an exclusive arrangement with Slice, The Co-operators will create new insurance products to meet growing 
customer desires for easy, on-demand insurance solutions that satisfy emerging digital economies. Launched under the brand name duuo 
by Co-operatorsTM in 2018, the first product provides pay-per-use homeshare insurance for hosts using home sharing platforms like 
Airbnb®, HomeAway® and VRBO®. Three more products were launched in 2019, including event insurance reimagined for clients to 
make it simple, inexpensive and timely to obtain on-demand event coverage. The products are underwritten by CGIC. The duuo by Co-
operatorsTM brand reflects The Co-operators commitment to working together with clients to provide peace of mind in a way that is easy, 
fast, fair and affordable – a commitment made possible through the Slice platform. 

Empowering an adaptable and change ready workforce 

We recognize that in this time of unprecedented change, our people are the core source of our long-term competitive advantage. Having a 
dynamic and diverse workforce that can excel in a rapidly changing environment is of paramount importance. We will continue to ensure 
we have the structures and practices in place to support this, while ensuring a healthy and inclusive work environment that encourages 
innovative thinking, cross-collaboration and experimentation.  

SUMMARY OF KEY FINANCIAL DATA AND RESULTS OVERVIEW 

(in millions of dollars except ROE, EPS and ratios)

Key financial data1
Direct written premium (DWP)

Net earned premium (NEP)

Net income (loss)

Total assets

Total liabilities

Shareholders' equity

Key success indicators1
Direct written premium growth

Net earned premium growth

Underwriting loss - excluding market yield adjustment (MYA)
Earnings (loss) per share (EPS)2
Return on equity (ROE)

Combined ratio - excluding MYA

Combined ratio - including MYA

Minimum Capital Test (MCT)

2019

3,752.4

3,274.7

174.0

7,488.0

5,640.7

1,847.3

13.9%

13.4%

(37.3)

$6.40

10.8%

101.1%

102.0%

209%

20183

3,295.9

2,886.9

(37.1)

6,698.7

5,048.8

1,649.9

20.3%

12.8%

(152.5)

($2.03)

(2.5%)

105.2%

105.0%

208%

2017

2,740.4

2,559.1

121.1

5,922.1

4,391.0

1,531.1

6.5%

6.6%

(81.7)

$5.17

8.5%

103.2%

102.4%

216%

1 Refer to Key Financial Measures (Non-IFRS) Section
2 All of the common shares of  CGIC are owned by CFSL
3 Amounts presented include the results of operations and the balance sheet of CUMIS General from the date of acquisition, April 1, 2018

We experienced continued growth in our core lines of business and in all regions in 2019. Higher average premiums coupled with growth in 
policies and vehicles in force led to an increase in DWP of 13.9% and an increase in NEP of 13.4% over the prior year. This represents a 
decrease of 6.4 percentage points from the DWP growth experienced in 2018, reflecting our continued focus on achieving profitable 
growth. Prior year growth had also been impacted by the acquisition of CUMIS General on April 1, 2018.  

Excluding MYA, our underwriting loss of $37.3 million for 2019 improved from our underwriting loss of $152.5 million in 2018. This was 
primarily the result of premium growth across all lines of business, with our auto and home lines of business being the largest contributors. 
While our overall net claims and adjustment expenses increased over the prior year, a reduction in major loss events in 2019 from 2018 
contributed to our improved underwriting performance. 

Our net investment income and gains of $272.1 million increased by $205.4 million compared to the prior year. This was mainly attributable 
to a rebound in the equity markets from the weakness that was experienced in late 2018, as well as declining long-term interest rates in the 
current year. 

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW 

NET RESULTS 

Net income (loss) ($ millions)

Return on equity (ROE)

2019

174.0

10.8%

2018

(37.1)

(2.5%)

2017

121.1
8.5%  

We earned net income of $174.0 million for the year, an increase of $211.1 million from the prior year’s net loss of $37.1 million. The 
increase in our net results improves our ROE to 10.8% as compared to (2.5%) in 2018. Our 2019 results were driven by sustained policy 
growth across all lines of business, fewer major loss events and an increase in investment returns resulting from rebounding equity 
markets and declining long-term interest rates.  

8 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  9   

 
 
 
 
                      
                      
                    
                      
 
 
 
 
            
                  
                  
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

DIRECT WRITTEN PREMIUM AND NET EARNED PREMIUM 

INVESTMENT INCOME AND GAINS 

$ millions

Direct written premium

Net earned premium

2019

3,752.4

3,274.7

2018

3,295.9

2,886.9

% change

13.9%

13.4%

2017

2,740.4
2,559.1  

During 2019, DWP increased by 13.9% or $456.5 million over the prior year. The increase in DWP was primarily attributable to higher 
average premiums across all lines of business and geographical regions and to a lesser extent, increases in policies and vehicles in force 
in Ontario. NEP growth of 13.4% or $387.8 million over the prior year is also seen across all our lines of business and across all regions.  

Refer to Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of DWP to NEP. 

NEP by line of business 

$ millions

Auto

Home

Commercial 

Farm

Travel and other

Total

2019

1,603.8

902.7

551.4

143.4

73.4

2018

1,388.5

811.2

490.4

130.5

66.3

3,274.7

2,886.9

% change

15.5%

11.3%

12.4%

9.9%

10.7%

13.4%

2017

1,219.2

730.2

447.5

126.7

35.5

2,559.1

The auto line of business remains our largest line by NEP, increasing by 15.5% or $215.3 million from 2018. This was driven by higher 
average premiums and to a lesser extent, growth in vehicles in force across all regions, particularly within the Western region and Ontario. 
The home line of business experienced an increase in NEP of 11.3%. Growth was attributed to higher average premiums in the Ontario 
and the Western regions. The commercial line of business experienced NEP growth of 12.4% over the prior year. Rate adjustments 
coupled with policy growth, particularly in Ontario and the West, drove the increases seen in these regions. NEP in the farm line of 
business increased by 9.9% compared to the prior year and was primarily the result of rate adjustments in the Western and Ontario 
regions. The travel and other line of business experienced NEP growth of 10.7% over the prior year. Growth over the prior year was mainly 
driven by the addition of CUMIS General’s results for the full year in 2019, as compared to 2018 when CUMIS General contributed the last 
8 months of its results to Co-operators General upon its acquisition by CGIC on April 1, 2018.  

$ millions
Interest income

Dividend income

Other investment income

Investment expense

Net investment income

Net realized gains 

Net foreign exchange gains (losses)

Changes in fair value

Impairment losses

Net investment gains (losses)

Net investment income and gains

2019

97.9

78.2

0.3

(6.8)

169.6

86.6

14.0

5.8

(3.9)

102.5

272.1

2018

86.1

51.1

0.2

(6.4)

131.0

11.3

(9.0)

(46.3)

(20.3)

(64.3)

66.7

2017

77.0

47.8

0.2

(6.3)

118.7

47.0

19.8

24.9

(8.4)

83.3

202.0

Net investment income and gains increased by $205.4 million in 2019 as compared to the prior year. This was mainly the result of net 
investment gains recognized in the current year as compared to losses incurred in the prior year. The increase was further supported by an 
increase in net investment income earned in 2019. 

Net investment gains of $102.5 million in the current year contrasts with the net investment losses of $64.3 million incurred in the prior 
year. Net realized gains on common shares increased by $35.0 million over the prior year, which was driven by strength in the equity 
markets and a higher turnover in the portfolio. Net realized gains on bonds increased by $42.9 million over the prior year as a result of 
tightening credit spreads. The $23.0 million favourable change in net foreign exchange gains was primarily driven by strength in the 
Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar, which appreciated by 7.3% in 2019. The $52.1 million positive change in fair value was mainly 
caused by an absence of a market correction which adversely impacted the prior year portfolio and was not seen in the current period. 
Impairment losses were $16.4 million lower in the current year than in the prior year, due to strength in the global equity markets in 2019 
as compared to the prior year when the markets corrected in the latter part of 2018. 

Net investment income was $38.6 million higher than in the prior year and was primarily driven by higher income distributions from limited 
partnership and pooled fund investments.  

NEP by geographic region 

Our invested assets mix is discussed in the Invested Assets section of the MD&A.  

$ millions

West

Ontario

Quebec

Atlantic

Total

2019

1,155.7

1,649.0

161.4

308.6

3,274.7

2018

1,050.0

1,426.5

128.4

282.0

2,886.9

% change

10.1%

15.6%

25.7%

9.4%

13.4%

2017

956.2

1,241.7

110.4

250.8

2,559.1

NEP grew in the Western region and in Ontario by $105.7 million and $222.4 million, respectively, over the prior year. The growth in both 
regions was driven by higher average premiums and policies growth across all lines of business. Higher average premiums in Quebec led 
to an increase in NEP of $33.0 million. NEP grew in the Atlantic region by $26.6 million as a result of higher average premiums combined 
with an increase in policies in force over the prior year. 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 

$ millions

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the statement of income:

Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale financial assets

Net reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in income

Items that may be reclassified before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery) relating to items that may be reclassified 

Items that will not be reclassified to the statement of income:

Remeasurement of the retirement benefit obligations

Income tax (recovery) expense related to items that will not be reclassified

Other comprehensive income (loss)

2019

203.5

(86.9)

116.6

32.3

84.3

(3.2)

(0.8)

(2.4)

81.9

2018

(66.6)

3.3

(63.3)

(18.7)

(44.6)

11.4

3.1

8.3

(36.3)

2017

48.0

(42.2)

5.8

1.7

4.1

(11.0)

(3.0)

(8.0)

(3.9)

Our other comprehensive income was $81.9 million in the year, a favourable change from the $36.3 million other comprehensive loss in 
2018. Driving this result was $203.5 million of unrealized gains from a turnaround in the global equity markets as well as declining long-
term interest rates. Of this amount, $144.9 million in unrealized gains on our common share portfolio was consistent with a 19.1% increase 
in the S&P/TSX common share index and the 22.8% increase in the S&P 500. This result was partially offset by reclassification 
adjustments of $86.9 million to the consolidated statement of income for the year.  

10 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  11   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                    
                    
                    
                  
                  
                  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                    
                   
                     
                  
                   
                    
                  
                    
                  
                  
                   
                  
                   
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
                  
                   
                  
                     
                  
                  
                  
                     
                   
                  
                     
                   
                  
                     
                    
                   
                  
                    
                     
                    
                    
                     
                    
                   
                  
                    
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

EXPENSES 

Claims and adjustment expenses – Loss ratio 

$ millions, except ratios

Undiscounted net claims and adjustment expenses

Effect of MYA

Net claims and adjustment expenses

Loss ratio (excluding MYA)

Loss ratio (including MYA)

2019

2,243.8

30.0

2,273.8

68.5%

69.4%

2018

2,117.3

(7.9)

2,109.4

73.3%

73.1%

change

126.5

37.9

164.4

(4.8)

 pts

(3.7)

pts

2017

1,794.8

(20.9)

1,773.9

70.1%

69.3%

Undiscounted net claims and adjustment expenses increased by $126.5 million over the prior year. This was primarily driven by client 
growth within our auto line of business and large losses in our specialty commercial line of business. The increase was partially offset by 
our home and farm lines of business, which collectively experienced a reduction in claim expenses through fewer accident year claims and 
major loss events. While there was an overall increase in our net claims and adjustment expenses, NEP outpaced this and led to an 
improvement in our loss ratio of 4.8 percentage points. 

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses are discounted using the portfolio market yield of our bond and mortgage portfolios with 
consideration provided for the Government of Canada 5-year bond rate plus a credit spread. Fluctuations in the portfolio market yield 
impact the unpaid claims and adjustment expenses and are included within the MYA. The portfolio market yield on bonds and commercial 
mortgages decreased in the year which decreased the discount rate. This impact was further exacerbated by an increase in unpaid claims 
and combined, led to a net unfavourable impact to MYA of $30.0 million compared to a favourable impact in 2018 of $7.9 million.  

Loss ratio by line of business  

% excluding MYA
Auto

Home

Commercial

Farm

Travel and other

Total

2019

78.1

58.2

63.4

61.3

39.4

68.5

2018

change

78.5

69.9

68.6

74.9

38.9

73.3

(0.4)

pts

(11.7)

pts

(5.2)

pts

(13.6)

pts

0.5

pts

(4.8)

pts

2017

74.0

67.1

63.4

84.1

33.3

70.1  

In 2019, we experienced an improvement in our loss ratio across all lines of business, except travel and other, which remained largely 
consistent with the prior year. The overall improvement was the result of premium growth outpacing claims and adjustment expenses, 
coupled with fewer major event losses through 2019. 

Our auto loss ratio improved by 0.4 percentage points over the prior year and was driven by higher average premiums and vehicles in 
force, offset by an increase in the frequency and severity of current accident year claims in Ontario and Western regions where client 
growth has been significant. Our home loss ratio improved by 11.7 percentage points over the prior year and was primarily driven by a 
decrease in current accident year claims and major loss events. The prior period was impacted by multiple severe wind and ice storms in 
Ontario which did not reoccur in 2019. Higher average premiums and favourable claims development in the Western and Ontario regions 
resulted in an improvement in our commercial loss ratio by 5.2 percentage points from the prior year. This was partially offset by instances 
of severe weather in the Atlantic and Quebec regions. NEP growth from higher average premiums and a decrease in the frequency and 
severity of current accident year claims led to an improvement in our farm loss ratio of 13.6 percentage points. Our loss ratio in our travel 
and other line of business deteriorated slightly by 0.5 percentage points as a result of an increased frequency in current accident year 
claims. 

Loss ratio by geographic region 

% excluding MYA
West

Ontario

Quebec

Atlantic

Total

2019

65.9

67.8

78.3

76.9

68.5

2018

change

67.5

76.4

78.9

77.0

73.3

(1.6)

pts

(8.6)

pts

(0.6)

pts

(0.1)

pts

(4.8)

pts

2017

69.2

69.8

83.2

69.6

70.1  

The Western region’s loss ratio improved by 1.6 percentage points compared to the prior year. The improvement is attributable to higher 
average premium and policies in force, which outpaced an increase in the frequency of current accident year claims specifically within the 
auto and commercial lines of business. 

The improvement in the loss ratio of 8.6 percentage points in Ontario was primarily driven by higher average premium and policies in force 
across all lines of business. This was partially offset by an increase in the frequency of current accident year claims concentrated mainly 
within the auto line of business. 

Quebec’s loss ratio improved over the prior year by 0.6 percentage points. NEP growth in the current period grew at a faster rate than 
increases in the frequency and severity of accident year claims, which were concentrated in the auto and commercial lines of business. 

The loss ratio in the Atlantic region remained consistent with that in the prior year, as NEP growth was offset by the impact of severe 
weather and an increase in current accident year claims across all lines of business. 

Other operating expenses – Expense ratio  

%, except total other operating expenses ($ millions)

Total other operating expenses

Expense ratio

Components of expense ratio

   Premium and other taxes

   Net commissions and advisor compensation

   General expenses

Expense ratio

2019

1,068.1

32.6%

3.5

17.0

12.1

32.6

2018

922.2

31.9%

3.5

17.0

11.4

31.9

change

145.9

0.7

pts

-

-

0.7

0.7

pts

pts

pts

pts

2017

846.0

33.1%

3.5

17.1

12.5

33.1

Other operating expenses are comprised of premium and other taxes, net commissions and advisor compensation and general expenses. 
These expenses have increased by $145.9 million in the year, contributing to an expense ratio of 32.6%, which is an increase of 0.7 
percentage points from 2018. Expenses related to premium and other taxes as well as net commissions and advisor compensation 
increased over the prior year in line with premium growth. In addition, net commissions and advisor compensation was also impacted by 
an increase in the advisor transition obligation. The general expense ratio increased by 0.7 percentage points as a result of increased 
staffing costs coupled with higher project spend in the year. 

INCOME TAXES 

In 2019, the enacted statutory income tax rate of 27.0% did not change from the prior year. The effective tax rate for the year ended 
December 31, 2019 was 18.7%, representing a tax expense of $40.1 million. Refer to Note 11 of our consolidated financial statements for 
the income tax reconciliation between the statutory tax rate and our effective tax rate.  

12 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  13   

 
           
                   
                    
             
            
           
             
             
 
 
 
 
             
            
             
            
              
             
 
 
 
 
             
             
             
             
             
 
 
 
 
              
              
              
              
              
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL CONDITION 

INVESTED ASSETS 

Invested asset mix 

% based on fair value

Bonds

Stocks

Mortgages

Pooled Funds

Limited Partnerships

Other

2019

54.9%

25.5%

9.8%

3.7%

3.5%

2.6%

2018

57.2%

23.7%

9.4%

3.8%

2.9%

3.0%

2017

51.4%

28.4%

9.6%

4.3%

2.2%

4.1%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

We have a high quality, well diversified investment portfolio consisting primarily of bonds, equities and commercial mortgages.  
The bond portfolio makes up $2,925.7 million or 54.9% of our total invested assets. Our investment in bonds is diversified both 
geographically and by sector, with a large portion invested in Canadian government debt instruments. The credit quality of our bond 
portfolio is presented below. 

% based on fair value

AAA

AA

A

BBB

Below BBB

Not rated

2019

37.2%

31.2%

17.9%

10.2%

2.8%

0.7%

2018

40.3%

26.4%

19.7%

10.4%

2.5%

0.7%

2017

34.7%

26.0%

23.8%

12.1%

3.4%

-

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

Our equity portfolio makes up $1,359.2 million or 25.5% of our total invested assets and consists largely of publicly traded common and 
preferred stocks. It is diversified by industry sector and issuer, with 86.4% of the portfolio in Canadian holdings. We hold mortgages with a 
carrying value of $521.9 million on Canadian commercial and residential properties. Mortgages make up 9.8% of our total invested assets 
and are of high credit quality with 99.8% considered investment grade based on Addenda’s internal rating system. Pooled funds and 
limited partnerships collectively make up 7.2% of our total invested assets. Pooled funds consist of units invested in fixed income and 
equity securities, while our limited partnership units represent investments in multi-residential infrastructure and real estate assets.  

We adhere to a conservative investment policy and strategy that is based upon prudence in accordance with regulatory guidelines and, in 
a broad sense, on premium cash flows and claims settlement patterns by product line. We focus on achieving long-term returns while 
taking advantage of current market opportunities. This is achieved by investing in a diversified mix of securities and by shifting between 
asset classes as trends in the market evolve. The credit quality of our portfolio remains high with 96.4% of our bonds considered 
investment grade and 86.2% rated A or higher. Investment grade bonds are those rated BBB and above. Note 5 of the consolidated 
financial statements provides an extensive breakdown of invested assets.  

The Risk Management section and Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements provide information on related credit and interest rate 
risks. 

UNPAID CLAIMS AND ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES 

Our underwriting objectives are to write business on a prudent and diversified basis and to achieve profitable underwriting results. We 
underwrite automobile business after a review of the client’s driving record and claims experience. We underwrite property lines based on 
physical condition, property replacement values, claims experience and other factors affecting risk of loss. Advisors and brokers are 
compensated, in part, based on the claims experience of their portfolio.  

Our unpaid claims and adjustment expenses liability is management’s best estimate of the amount required to settle all outstanding and 
unreported claims incurred. The estimate is determined using accepted actuarial practices. Our approach in calculating our unpaid claims 
liability is to establish adequate provisions at the original valuation date in a sufficient amount such that the risk of the liability being 
inadequate in any one year is low.  

The initial estimate of unpaid claims and adjustment expenses is made on an undiscounted basis. This process is described in Significant 
Accounting Judgments, Estimates and Assumptions. The discount rate applied to measure the value of unpaid claims and adjustment 
expenses is based upon the portfolio market yield of assets supporting the claims liabilities as well as considerations for the timing of the 
relative cash flows of the assets and liabilities.  

Net unpaid claims liability 

$ millions

Balance, beginning of year

Less: effect of discounting at prior year-end
Undiscounted unpaid claims and adjustment 
   expenses at prior year-end
Paid on prior years

Change in estimate on prior years

Incurred on current year

Paid on current year

Acquisition of a subsidiary from related party
Undiscounted unpaid claims and adjustment 
   expenses at current year-end
Effect of discounting

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses (net)

2019

2,613.6

103.3

2,510.3

(813.8)

(6.7)

2,251.7

(1,235.4)

-

2,706.1

133.3

2,839.4

2018

2,340.7

105.2

2,235.5

(733.4)

(50.7)

2,169.0

(1,206.8)

96.7

2,510.3

103.3

2,613.6

2017

2,232.4

126.1

2,106.3

(635.5)

(88.2)

1,883.0

(1,030.1)

-

2,235.5

105.2

2,340.7

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses reflect the cost of paying and settling claims and include estimates for the cost of claims not yet 
settled and claims incurred but not yet reported. Claims and adjustments expenses incurred during the year include development, which is 
the difference between the prior year’s estimate of unpaid claims and adjustment expenses and the claims costs actually paid plus any 
change in estimates for claims still open or unreported. We experienced favourable discounted claims development in 2019 of $139.1 
million on prior years’ claims. For more information refer to Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements. 

Refer to Emerging Legislation and Regulatory Events section for a summary of legislative, judicial and regulatory events that have an 
impact on both current and future years’ estimates. 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

$ millions

Common shares

Preferred shares

Public issue

Private issue

Contributed capital

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Total

2019

359.8

100.0

85.0

100.9

1,029.4

172.3

1,847.4

2018

229.8

100.0

83.7

100.9

1,045.1

90.4

1,649.9

2017

48.1

100.0

79.8

10.1

1,169.4

123.7

1,531.1

Our consolidated balance sheet as at December 31, 2019 includes over $1.8 billion in shareholders’ equity, reflecting continued financial 
strength. Overall, our shareholders’ equity position increased by $197.5 million in 2019 compared to 2018. Contributing to the increase in 
our shareholders’ equity was comprehensive income earned of $255.9 million. Partially offsetting the increase was dividends declared of 
$58.3 million. 

Capital is a critical strategic resource. It reflects the financial well-being of the organization and enables us to pursue strategic business 
opportunities. A strong capital position also acts as a safety net for possible losses or catastrophic events and provides a basis for 
confidence in our financial strength by regulators, shareholders, policyholders and others. For more information on capital management 
refer to Note 21 of the consolidated financial statements. 

A summary of our shares both issued and outstanding is included below. For terms and a complete list of all authorized shares refer to 
Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements. 

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

2019

Class A preference shares, series A

Class A preference shares, series B

Class B preference shares

Class D preference shares, series A

Class D preference shares, series B

Class D preference shares, series C

Class E preference shares, series C

Class F preference shares, series A

Class G preference shares, series A

Common shares

Authorized

1,440,000

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Unlimited

Issued

-

790,177

412

13,803

42,535

43,184

4,000,000

488,624

14,984

26,620,395

Our publicly issued preferred shares include our Class E preference shares, Series C; these shares are listed on the Toronto Stock 
Exchange (TSX) and trade under the symbol CCS.PR.C.  

DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS) 

Dividends declared 

$ per share

Class A preference shares

Series A

Series B

Class B preference shares

Class D preference shares

Series A

Series B

Series C

Class E preference shares

Series C

Class F preference shares

Class G preference shares

Common shares

Earnings per share (EPS) 

$ millions, except share data and EPS

Net income (loss)

Less dividends on preference shares

Net income (loss) available to shareholders

Weighted average number of outstanding common shares1
Earnings (loss) per common share 

1 All of the common shares of CGIC are owned by CFSL

MINIMUM CAPITAL TEST 

MCT

2019

2018

2017

-

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

1.81

2019

174.0

10.3

163.7

1.88

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

-

2018

(37.1)

10.3

(47.4)

1.88

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

7.45

2017

121.1

10.2

110.9

25,560,160

23,359,013

21,463,047

6.40

(2.03)

5.17

2019

209%

2018

208%

2017

216%

Co-operators General’s MCT of 209% represents $233.5 million of capital in excess of our 180% internal minimum (2018 - $198.0 million). 
The MCT is impacted by various factors including interest rates, changes in our share capital, equity market performance and the results of 
our operations.  

THIRD PARTY RATINGS 

Rating agencies issue several types of ratings. A Financial Strength Rating (FSR) provides guidance to policyholders of an insurance 
company’s ability to meet its payment obligations to policyholders. An Issuer Credit Rating (ICR) provides guidance to investors of a 
company’s ability to meet its senior obligations. A Preferred Share Rating (PSR) provides guidance on the credit worthiness of the 
preferred shares issued by a company. 

Standard & Poor’s ratings  

Co-operators General - FSR

Co-operators General - ICR

Co-operators General - PSR

A.M. Best ratings 

Co-operators General - FSR

Co-operators General - ICR

Sovereign - FSR

Sovereign - ICR

DBRS ratings 

Co-operators General - FSR

Co-operators General - ICR

Co-operators General - PSR

Outlook

Stable

Stable

n/a

2019

A-

A-

P-2 

2018

A-

A-

P-2 

2017

A-

A-

P-2 

Outlook

2019

2018

2017

Stable

Stable

Stable

Stable

Outlook

Stable

Stable

Stable

A-

a-

A-

a-

A-

a-

A-

a-

A-

a-

A-

a-

2019

A (low)

A (low)

2018

A (low)

A (low)

2017

A (low)

A (low)

Pfd-2 (low)

Pfd-2 (low)

Pfd-2 (low)

CASH FLOWS 

$ millions

Cash provided by operating activities

Investing activities

Sales (purchases) of investments, net

Purchases of interest in associates and joint ventures

Purchases of intangibles and property and equipment, net

Acquisition of subsidiary from related party, net of cash acquired

Assets held for sale, net

Cash flows used in investment activities

Financing activities

Preference shares issued, net

Common shares issued

Contribution of capital

Lease liabilities paid

Dividends paid

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

2019

547.2

(403.6)

-

(28.5)

-

-

(432.1)

(0.3)

-

-

(10.8)

(58.4)

(69.5)

45.6

2018

222.0

(340.3)

-

(6.8)

(176.8)

-

(523.9)

4.1

181.7

100.0

-

(10.2)

275.6

(26.3)

2017

142.0

40.5

(0.3)

(9.9)

-

0.5

30.8

5.6

-

-

-

(170.0)

(164.4)

8.4

Cash generated from insurance operations and investment returns normally exceeds our claims and operating expense requirements, and 
sufficiently funds our commitments and growth initiatives. Our commitments consist primarily of unfunded capital contributions, as 
disclosed in the Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Commitments section. 

16 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

KEY FINANCIAL MEASURES (NON-IFRS) 

We measure and evaluate the performance of the consolidated operations using several financial measurements. These measurements 
help the reader understand business volumes, the quality of risk underwriting, management reserving practices, and the financial strength 
and financial leverage of Co-operators General.  

These measures are non-IFRS measurements but are derived from elements of the IFRS consolidated financial statements, and are 
consistent with financial measures used in the P&C insurance industry.  

Direct written premium (DWP) is a component of revenue which represents the insurance sales transactions in the year written directly 
by the insurer. DWP does not include reinsurance policies assumed or ceded and it does not represent premium earned during the year 
which is referred to as net earned premium. Measuring DWP growth year-over-year is useful in assessing business volume trends. 

Loss ratio (also referred to as the claims ratio and a component of the combined ratio) is the ratio of net claims and adjustment expenses 
to net earned premium, expressed as a percentage.  

Expense ratio, also a component of the combined ratio, is the ratio of the total premium and other taxes, commissions and advisor 
compensation and general expenses to net earned premium, expressed as a percentage.  

Combined ratio is the ratio of total expenses to net earned premium, expressed as a percentage. In the insurance business, the 
combined ratio is used to understand a company’s profitability from underwriting insurance risks. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss 
ratio and the expense ratio. 

Underwriting gain or loss is the profit or loss from the activity of taking on insurance risks, excluding the impact of the MYA.  

Market yield adjustment (MYA) is the impact of changes in the discount provision on claims liabilities. It includes the impact of changes in 
the discount rate used to discount claims liabilities based on the change in the market-based yield of the underlying assets. MYA also 
includes adjustments made to the provisions for adverse deviation (PFADs) and other discounting assumptions. 

Claims development is essential to understanding the reasonableness of a company’s claims reserving practices. It represents the 
difference between any prior estimates in the claims costs and the claims costs actually paid on closed claims, plus any change in 
estimates for claims still open or unreported. Favourable claims development contributes positively to net income, while unfavourable 
development contributes negatively. Consistent favourable claims development generally indicates strength in a company’s reserving 
practices.  

Return on equity (ROE) is the ratio of net income to the average of opening and closing shareholders’ equity excluding accumulated other 
comprehensive income. 

Minimum Capital Test (MCT) is a regulatory defined, formula-driven, risk-based test of capital available over capital required. The formula 
looks at the various elements of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and assigns risk weightings to establish a required capital level. 
Capital available is total shareholders’ equity plus or minus certain adjustments as prescribed by the Office of the Superintendent of 
Financial Institutions (OSFI). The supervisory target capital ratio established by OSFI for the industry, which we are expected to operate 
above, is 150% of capital required.  

UNDERWRITING RESULTS 

$ millions, except ratios

Net earned premium, before reinstatement premiums

Reinstatement premiums expense (recovery)

Net earned premium, as reported

Undiscounted net claims and adjustment expenses (excluding MYA)

Loss ratio (excluding MYA)

Other operating expenses

Expense ratio

Underwriting loss

Combined ratio (excluding MYA)

2019

3,274.3

(0.4)

3,274.7

2,243.8

68.5%

1,068.2

32.6%

(37.3)

101.1%

2018

2,891.0

4.1

2,886.9

2,117.3

73.3%

922.1

31.9%

(152.5)

105.2%

2017

2,557.3

(1.8)

2,559.1

1,794.8

70.1%

846.0

33.1%

(81.7)

103.2%

CLAIMS DEVELOPMENT 

$ millions

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses (net)

Add: investment income on unpaid claims

Less: net paid claims

Less: re-estimate of unpaid claims at December 31

Claims development - favourable

1st year

2nd year

Claims development - favourable 

1 Amount includes CUMIS General's net unpaid claims and adjustment expenses

RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) 

$ millions, except ratios

Net income (loss)
Average shareholders' equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive 
      income

20191
2,839.4

2018¹
2,613.6

122.2

813.8

1,782.9

139.1

139.1

139.1

2017

2,340.7

83.2

1,104.1

1,162.7

157.1

111.4

45.7

157.1

2019

174.0

20181
(37.1)

2017

121.1

1,617.3

1,483.5

1,429.4

Return on equity (ROE)
1 Amounts presented include the results of operations and balance sheet of CUMIS General, acquired as of April 1, 2018

10.8%

(2.5%)

8.5%

QUARTERLY RESULTS 

The quarterly results reflect the seasonality of our business. Premiums are generally written in annual renewal cycles, most often in the 
second quarter, and extreme weather conditions historically impact the loss ratio in the first and third quarters.  

The timing of claims can be difficult to predict due to uncontrollable factors, such as governmental regulatory actions, weather, or changes 
in estimates related to investment provisions. Results are also affected by more predictable factors such as the timing of major 
expenditures, changes in estimates related to claims reserves, and purchase and sale decisions made with respect to our investment 
portfolio. 

(in millions of dollars except EPS and ratios)  
2019

Direct written premium

Net earned premium

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Key statistics

Earnings per share (EPS)

Loss ratio (excluding MYA)

Expense ratio

Combined ratio (excluding MYA)

2018

Direct written premium

Net earned premium

Net income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Key statistics

Earnings (loss) per share (EPS)

Loss ratio (excluding MYA)

Expense ratio

1st Qtr

757.6

763.0

21.8

95.3

$0.84

71.9%

32.5%

104.4%

1st Qtr1
599.7

658.1

(27.8)

(7.8)

($1.35)

74.5%

33.0%

2nd Qtr

1,049.8

804.6

79.1

(3.0)

$2.84

62.3%

33.1%

95.4%

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

999.7

840.6

12.4

14.7

$0.42

70.8%

32.2%

103.0%

945.3

866.5

60.7

(25.1)

$2.30

64.5%

32.7%

97.3%

2nd Qtr

3rd Qtr

4th Qtr

941.7

717.4

(4.0)

21.5

($0.35)

75.7%

32.1%

909.1

750.6

12.9

(14.1)

$0.48

73.4%

30.7%

845.4

760.8

(18.2)

(35.9)

($0.81)

70.0%

32.1%
102.2%

Annual

3,752.4

3,274.7

174.0

81.9

$6.40

68.5%

32.6%

101.1%

Annual

3,295.9

2,886.9

(37.1)

(36.3)

($2.03)

73.3%

31.9%

105.2%

Combined ratio (excluding MYA)

107.5%
1 Amounts presented do not include the results of CUMIS General, acquired on April 1, 2018

107.8%

104.1%

18 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  19   

 
 
 
               
               
               
                    
                     
                    
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
                  
                  
                  
                 
                  
 
 
 
                  
                  
                  
                     
                       
                     
                  
                  
                  
                     
                     
                     
                     
                       
                     
                     
 
                     
                      
                     
                  
                  
                  
 
 
 
                  
        
           
           
         
                  
           
           
           
         
                   
            
             
             
           
                   
             
             
            
             
 
 
                  
           
           
           
         
                  
           
           
           
         
                  
             
             
            
            
                    
            
            
            
            
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

In 2019, our quarterly DWP results followed a consistent pattern with 2018 results, with the second quarter representing the largest 
quarter, followed by the third quarter. In the first quarter of 2019, we saw a 2.6 percentage point improvement in the loss ratio to 71.9% 
compared to the same quarter in 2018. This was the result of lower frequency and severity of current accident year claims in the Western 
and Atlantic regions. The second quarter loss ratio improved by 13.4 percentage points due to the non-recurrence of ice and windstorms in 
Ontario and Quebec that occurred during the prior period. The third quarter loss ratio improved by 2.6 percentage points and was driven 
primarily by premium growth; this impact was partially offset by an increase in claims expenses and adjustments resulting from the impact 
of severe weather.  

Review of fourth quarter 2019 results 

Net income for the quarter amounted to $60.7 million, in contrast to a net loss of $18.2 million in the same quarter of last year. This 
produced an earnings per common share in the quarter of $2.30 as opposed to a loss per common share of $0.81 in 2018. The turnaround 
in results was largely attributable to strong NEP growth, which grew by 13.9% or $105.7 million from the prior quarter. This was driven by 
strong policy growth and higher average premiums and retention within the auto line of business. Partially offsetting this impact was rising 
claims costs attributable to higher current accident year claims in the Western and Ontario regions within the auto line of business. 

Fourth quarter DWP increased 11.8% over the same period of 2018 to $945.3 million while NEP grew by 13.9% compared to the fourth 
quarter of prior year to $866.5 million. DWP and NEP growth was attributable to higher average premiums and sustained policy growth in 
all lines of business and across all regions, particularly in Ontario for the auto line of business where client growth has significantly 
increased. 

The loss ratio for the quarter, excluding MYA, was 64.5% compared to 70.0% from the same period of 2018, an improvement of 5.5 
percentage points. This was a result of NEP growth outpacing an increase in the frequency and severity of accident year claims in the 
quarter, particularly for the auto line of business. 

Fourth quarter operating expenses increased by $18.1 million over the same quarter of last year, the result of higher commissions and 
advisor compensation attributed to premium growth and movements in the advisor transition obligation, coupled with higher staffing costs 
and project spend. 

The fourth quarter of 2019 saw strong performance from our investments, recording net investment income of $74.7 million and 
representing a $90.2 million favourable change from the same quarter of last year. This result was mainly driven by unrealized preferred 
share gains of $8.6 million and realized net foreign exchange gains of $5.0 million in the current quarter, in contrast with losses of $37.9 
million and $8.9 million, respectively, recognized in the same quarter of last year. 

We recognized an other comprehensive loss for the quarter of $25.1 million, an improvement of $10.8 million compared to the comparative 
quarter in 2018. Much of the quarter’s loss can be attributed to unrealized losses in our bond portfolio of $58.3 million as interest rates rose 
in the period, coupled with $12.4 million in reclassification adjustments to the consolidated statement of income. In addition, adverse 
changes in the discount rate and other actuarial assumptions resulted in a $3.1 million remeasurement of our retired benefit obligation. 
This was partially offset by unrealized gains on our common shares of $12.0 million as a result of continued strength in the S&P/TSX and 
S&P 500 common share indexes. 

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS 

Securities lending 

We lend securities in our investment portfolio to other institutions for short periods to generate additional fee income. We receive securities 
of superior credit quality and value as collateral for securities loaned. As at December 31, 2019, the value of the securities on loan 
consisted of $75.7 million in stocks and $715.7 million in bonds. Securities with a fair value of $849.5 million were received as collateral. 
The collateral received has not been recorded in Co-operators General’s consolidated balance sheet. 

Investment commitments  

We have entered into commitments with private equity funds to invest additional funds of $71.7 million and US$177.5 million into limited 
partnership structures. The timing and the amount of capital contributions that are called is determined by the General Partner. As at 
December 31, 2019, we had provided capital contributions of $162.5 million towards these commitments.  

Structured settlements 

In the normal course of claims adjudication, we settle certain obligations to claimants through the purchase of annuities from third party life 
insurance companies under structured settlement arrangements. This business is placed with several licensed Canadian insurance 
companies. Our net risk is the credit risk related to the life insurance companies the annuities are purchased from. To manage this risk, we 
enter into structured settlements with life insurance companies with a credit rating of A or higher. This risk is further reduced to the extent 
of coverage provided by Assuris, the life insurance compensation plan that funds most policy liabilities of an insolvent Canadian life 
insurer. As at December 31, 2019, we have guaranteed the life insurers’ obligations under these annuities, totaling $794.8 million, based 
on the net present value of the projected future cash flow of these guarantees. No default has occurred, and we consider the possibility of 
default to be remote.  

CONTINGENCIES  

We are subject to litigation arising in the normal course of conducting our insurance business. We are of the opinion that current litigation 
will not have a significant effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of Co-operators General. As at December 31, 
2019, no other material contingencies have been identified.  

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

On May 27, 2019, CGIC entered into an agreement with a company under common control, H.B. Group Insurance Management Ltd., to 
acquire a line of business that provides brokerage services for group home and auto insurance across Canada. Both parties to the 
agreement are owned 100% by CFSL. CGIC applied the predecessor accounting method and recorded the acquisition at the carrying 
values of the net assets. The difference between the carrying value and the consideration exchanged was recorded through shareholders’ 
equity in our consolidated financial statements. The fair value of the consideration exchanged of $130.0 million was funded by CGIC 
through the issuance of common shares to its immediate parent, CFSL. The carrying value of net assets acquired was $nil. The acquisition 
provides CGIC with direct access to HB’s customer base. 

In the normal course of business, we obtain services from our ultimate and immediate parent companies as well as from related 
companies that are under the common ownership of our ultimate parent company. Note 25 of the consolidated financial statements 
provides additional information on related party transactions.  

Services we receive: 

Corporate services from Co-operators Financial Services Limited (2019 - $151.6 million, 2018 - $126.6 million) 

Corporate services are provided by the parent company, CFSL. CFSL recovers the cost for services including corporate procurement, 
human resources, costs related to the Board of Directors, annual meeting, senior executives, general counsel, compliance, enterprise risk 
management, corporate actuarial, corporate reinsurance, strategic planning, enterprise project portfolio office, corporate finance, financial 
accounting services, tax, audit, marketing and corporate communications, enterprise information technology and workplace services. The 
management fee charges are set on a cost-recovery basis and are shared amongst the various subsidiaries of the parent company based 
on estimated usage of services provided. This contract renews annually.  

Executive services from The Co-operators Group Limited (2019 - $8.7 million, 2018 - $8.3 million) 

Executive services are provided by certain senior executives of the ultimate parent company, CGL. The executive fee charges are 
allocated to the various subsidiaries of the parent company based on the compensation costs incurred by CGL related to these employees. 
This contract renews annually.  

Product distribution from HB Group Insurance Management Ltd. (2019 - $73.3 million, 2018 - $67.3 million) 

HB Group is the primary distribution channel for COSECO and provides distribution for CUMIS General as well. HB Group charges a 
commission for its distribution services. This contract renews annually.   

Product distribution from Premier Managers Holdings Corporation (2019 - $23.9 million, 2018 - $19.1 million) 

Premier is one of the distribution channels for Sovereign. Premier charges a commission for its distribution services. This contract renews 
annually. 

20 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  21   

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Reinsurance from Co-operators Life Insurance Company (premiums: 2019 - $68.3 million, 2018 - $86.7 million; commissions: 2019 - 
$36.9 million, 2018 - $45.1 million) 

CUMIS General cedes a portion of the accident and sickness premium and the related commission expense within the travel line of 
business to CLIC. The reinsurance contract is set at terms and conditions similar to those of other third-party reinsurance contracts.  

Employee and retiree benefits administration from Co-operators Life Insurance Company (2019 - $9.1 million, 2018 - $7.1 million) 

The respite on the trade front has improved the likelihood that the global economy, particularly the North American economies, will 
continue to expand in 2020. In addition to the geopolitical risks that could alter this view, accommodative monetary policy in economies 
operating at or above capacity could push inflation higher. The reaction of central banks will determine how much longer this economic 
cycle can last. 

We consulted with our investment management company, Addenda, to create these assumptions and we include them in our planning 
process. We also work within the parameters of our investment policy to take advantage of the opportunities and mitigate the threats in the 
market to deliver an adequate return on our invested assets while protecting our capital.  

Employee life and long-term disability benefits are insured and medical and dental benefits are provided for under an administrative 
services only contract. These contracts are set at terms and conditions similar to those CLIC establishes for its third-party client base. This 
contract renews annually.  

PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INDUSTRY 

Investment management services from Addenda Capital Inc. (2019 - $5.1 million, 2018 - $5.1 million) 

Addenda provides investment management services for our portfolio of invested assets. The fees are charged in a manner that is 
consistent with Addenda’s external clients. This contract renews annually.  

Members and members of members service agreement with Federated Agencies Limited (2019 - $2.3 million, 2018 - $2.6 million) 

Federated Agencies Limited holds applicable licenses to provide products and services to CGL’s members and members of CGL’s 
members. A commission is charged for broker and underwriting services. This contract renews annually. 

Services we provide: 

We provide product distribution services (2019 - $44.0 million, 2018 - $42.4 million) and marketing services (2019 - $8.8 million, 2018 - 
$8.7 million) to CLIC for insurance and wealth management products. We compensate the advisors directly and receive payments based 
on the production level from CLIC. The compensation rate is negotiated on a fair and equitable basis by using industry comparatives. We 
also charge CLIC for the portion of the marketing program deemed to benefit the life insurance business. This contract is periodically 
renegotiated.  

CUMIS General assumes a portion of the accident and sickness business premium (2019 - $3.8 million, 2018 - $3.6 million) and the 
related commission expense (2019 - $2.2 million, 2018 - $2.2 million) within the travel line of business from CLIC. The reinsurance contract 
is set at terms and conditions similar to those of other third-party reinsurance contracts.   

OUTLOOK, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS AND OPERATING ENVIRONMENT  

GENERAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 

The last year of the 2010 decade was an eventful one. Financial markets’ fears fueled by geopolitical and economic uncertainty triggered 
varying approaches to monetary policy. In Canada, the economy expanded at a 1.7% pace after three quarters without the benefit of 
monetary policy support. Indeed, the rate of inflation in Canada has matched, even exceeded the central bank’s 2% target, leading the 
Bank of Canada to leave its policy rate unchanged at 1.75%. We expect the Canadian central bank to leave its policy rate unchanged in 
2020 and the economy to expand by 1.8% this year. 

The Federal Reserve of the United States reversed part of the 100 basis points increase in the Fed’s funds target rate in 2018 by lowering 
it by 75 basis points in 2019. This “mid-cycle adjustment” was needed, according to the US central bank, to offset the potential hurdles of a 
trade war and their impact on economic activity. The Fed’s change in approach weighed on the bond market, leading to the inversion of the 
yield curve in August and bringing many market participants to discount an imminent recession. As the second half of the year unfolded, 
progress was made on the trade front with the United States and China seemingly agreeing on a trade war truce. Economic data 
invalidated the markets’ fears of an impending recession and the yield curve steepened and bond yields generally increased at year-end. 

Most central banks across the world have followed in the Fed’s easing footsteps to ensure that this long business cycle extends throughout 
2020. Additionally, uncertainties surrounding trade seem to be taking a back seat alleviating the fears of a global slowdown. Even the 
European economy, in the midst of Brexit, is showing signs of stabilization. After three quarters in 2019, the US economy has expanded by 
2.3% and we are expecting that the “mid-cycle adjustment” will result in a 2.1% growth rate in 2020. The US central bank is keen to see 
the rate of inflation and inflation expectations move up towards its 2% target. We expect the Fed to keep monetary policy accommodative 
and to remain on the sidelines in this US electoral year, enhancing the probabilities of reaching its inflation target in the context of a low 
unemployment rate. 

Outlined below are some of the issues expected to affect the industry in 2020 and beyond, as well as our strategic response. 

Climate change and severe weather events - The frequency and severity of climate change related weather events has been steadily 
increasing. As a result of this trend, insurers have experienced a marked increase in extreme weather-related payouts. The costs of 
rebuilding have increased as a result of more frequent extreme weather events, inadequate infrastructure and rising property values.  

However, addressing this extreme weather trend has also brought about a better understanding of how changing weather patterns impact 
the risks we face, along with innovative solutions to help everyone deal with them (from both a risk mitigation and indemnification 
perspective). We have been proactive in further segmenting our policy base to provide our clients with the coverage they need and priced 
at a level to ensure competitiveness and profitability. 

Severe weather events can often result in flooding, leaving our cities and homes increasingly vulnerable to uninsured risks. The existing 
government policy places too much emphasis on recovery at the expense of mitigation. We are dedicated to finding sustainable solutions 
that better protect our communities and our economy. We will continue to support efforts to engage governments and other stakeholders to 
help identify solutions to manage, mitigate, and transfer risks associated with overland flooding. 

New approaches to distribution - The dominant retail distribution model for home and auto insurance has historically existed between 
P&C manufacturers and small independent retail brokers. This is now shifting as independent brokers are increasingly either 
amalgamating or being purchased by manufacturers. Manufacturers are looking to new channels to distribute, either through digital 
offerings or through other partnerships. We are committed to delivering an guided omni-channel distribution model for our clients to give 
them the flexibility to choose when, where and how they interact with us. We will also expand client relationships through partners who 
complement our core competencies, and/or provide us with a competitive advantage. We intentionally pursue market segments that 
position us to provide the best offerings and are equally intentional about building partnerships where better offerings or capabilities are 
available.  

Investing in digitization - Insurers are increasingly investing in the channels, tools and platforms to enhance all areas of the insurance 
value chain. Clients are increasingly turning to digital tools for self-service. Digitization also allows carriers to offer new products, such as 
top-ups to existing insurance products and other more simplified products. Increasing automation and technology-assisted decision-making 
is helping insurers streamline their back-office functions, from underwriting to claims. Enhancing our digital capabilities is a core element of 
building our guided omni-channel distribution model. 

Diversifying the product portfolio - P&C insurers, especially those with a concentration in the auto market, are increasingly looking to 
diversify their portfolio to transform their business and operating models, and to gain access to innovation capabilities and emerging 
technologies. Insurers are looking to grow outside their core portfolio, either through organic growth or acquisition. Insurers who have 
historically concentrated on the retail market are increasingly looking to the commercial insurance market as an area of expansion.  

Increased concentration on underwriting profit - Claims costs are rising as the result of climate change, rising house prices, and 
increased vehicle repair costs as a result of new technology. On the other hand, new safety technologies in cars should drive down auto 
accident frequency and new houses are increasingly resistant to fires, theft and other perils. In the face of these opposing forces, as well 
as a decline in the returns from investments and increased market volatility, insurers are increasingly focused on achieving profitability 
from their underwriting activities. We have placed significant effort on achieving underwriting profitability through 2019 initiatives and this 
will continue to be a primary focus for us over our four-year strategy. 

22 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  23   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Emerging technologies and cyber dependency - Industry trends are increasingly driven by heightened consumer expectations and 
emerging technological capabilities. There is potential for transformation of our business through artificial intelligence, the internet of things, 
big data and analytics to bolster underwriting, pricing, claims, regulatory compliance and client experience. There is also a potential growth 
opportunity because as more data is tracked and analyzed, it may be possible to underwrite new products and price risks more accurately.  

The number of connected devices, and the amount of data transmitted, is projected to rise drastically. Data generated from the internet of 
things has potential application across the full range of products and lines of business. 

The emergence of autonomous vehicle technology is compounding the uncertainty around the auto insurance market. The economic and 
social impacts of autonomous, connected and electric vehicles will be transformative. A key component of this evolution is the transition 
from personally owned modes of transport to the concept of mobility as a service. There are still unknowns with respect to the speed at 
which the technology will be developed and adopted, and how regulations will respond. 

Auto insurance reform 

Over the last year, we have engaged with government and regulators to advocate on the urgent need for auto insurance reform to address 
the significant challenges within the system. We are pleased with the recent announcement that the government has established an auto 
insurance advisory committee and will be sharing our reform recommendations with committee members. Legislative changes have not yet 
been introduced. 

Auto insurance system review in Newfoundland and Labrador 

This year, two pieces of auto insurance reform legislation were introduced, which notably increased the deductible for bodily injury claims, 
announced treatment protocols for common injuries as the primary payer, and introduced direct compensation for property damage 
(DCPD). Regulations on DCPD coverage were released in the fall of 2019, coming into effect at the beginning of 2020. The treatment 
protocol section of the legislation has not yet been brought into force. We do not expect these changes to have a significant impact on loss 
costs associated with accident benefit or bodily injury claims. 

As the dependency on technology and connectivity increases, cyber risk is becoming a growing risk that impacts all Canadians in their 
personal and corporate lives. While this introduces operational risks for our business, it also presents an opportunity to provide innovative 
product solutions for this emerging risk exposure. 

RISK MANAGEMENT 

EMERGING LEGISLATION AND REGULATORY EVENTS 

Legislative, judicial and regulatory events have an impact on our claims reserving practices. Changes to legislation which occurred in 
previous periods will likely have an ongoing impact in our business in future periods. Legislative and regulatory changes, both current and 
future, are discussed below.  

Ontario auto 

Auto insurance is heavily regulated by the Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario (FSRA). FSRA administers the Insurance Act 
and its regulations, and approves any auto rate changes. We actively monitor legislative developments and seek to engage with the 
government and its agencies on important issues. An update on several current issues is as follows: 

Financial Services Regulatory Authority 

In June, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario (FSRA) assumed regulatory duties, replacing the Financial Services 
Commission of Ontario (FSCO). FSRA intends to take a principles-based approach to regulation, and recently implemented a new “file-
and-use” standard rate filing process that is intended to streamline the rate regulation process. We continue to engage with FSRA, 
participating on several advisory committees related to property and casualty insurance. 

Auto insurance reform 

In the 2019-20 budget, the Ontario government released its Putting Drivers First blueprint, a framework for auto insurance reform focused 
on affordability and accessibility. We have actively participated in several government consultations and advisory groups related to the 
blueprint. To date, no reform legislation has been introduced. 

Alberta auto 

Auto insurance is heavily regulated by the Office of the Superintendent and the Automobile Insurance Rate Board (AIRB). The former 
administers the Insurance Act and its regulations, while the AIRB approves all auto rate changes. Alberta’s market has presented 
challenges, and we have actively engaged with the government and regulators to address these issues. 

Rate regulations 

In September 2019, following two separate periods where cumulative rate increases were capped at 5% in each period, the second-rate 
cap expired without the introduction of a third. We filed and were approved for a rate increase above the previous cap amount. This was an 
important step towards addressing the profitability challenges facing the company and the industry at large. However, cost pressures 
persist, and results continue to deteriorate, leaving rate increases as a short-term solution only. We remain committed to working with the 
government and the AIRB to achieve common auto insurance reform objectives that will benefit drivers. 

Effective risk management is vital to making and executing sound business decisions, both strategically and operationally. It involves 
identifying and understanding the risks that the organization is exposed to, making an assessment as to its materiality and taking 
measures to manage the risks within acceptable tolerances. We recognize the importance of a strong risk management culture where the 
efficient and effective assessment of material risks forms the basis of all decision-making and strategic planning.  

The Co-operators has an enterprise-wide approach to the identification, assessment, quantification, monitoring, reporting and mitigation of 
risks across the organization which also applies to Co-operators General. The Board of Directors, directly or through the Risk and 
Compensation Committee (RCC) of the Board, ensures that senior management has put appropriate risk management policies in place 
and that risk management processes are effective. Regular reports on our risk profile relative to our Board-approved risk appetite are 
provided to the RCC and senior management by our Chief Risk Officer (CRO).  

We have identified and considered a variety of risk issues when engaging in our organizational activities. We also monitor emerging risks 
that are evolving in uncertain ways, have been forgotten in their dormancy, or are new. We continuously assess our risk environment and 
the potential impact on our corporate strategy, business plan, competitive position, operational results, reputation and financial condition. 
The risks identified within our risk universe are not presumed to be exhaustive and previously unidentified risks or material changes in the 
exposure to a known risk may occur resulting in a re-assessment of their relative effect on Co-operators General. 

At least annually we conduct an Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA). ORSA is a tool used to enhance our understanding of the 
interrelationships between our risk profile and capital needs. It is designed to be congruent with our business strategy and operational 
business plan. As part of the ORSA process, we consider all reasonably foreseeable and relevant material risks. ORSA incorporates stress 
testing over the business planning period in order to be forward-looking and reflect the dynamic nature of our business and operating 
environment. As an output of the assessment, we determine the level of capital needed to cover our risks, including those risks covered in 
the regulatory capital guidelines.  

RISK MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE 

Board of Directors: Most of the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Board oversight is delegated to the RCC of the CGL Board. 
However, the full Board maintains responsibility for approving the ERM Framework and the Risk Appetite Framework after reviewing the 
RCC’s recommendations. The Board also reviews and approves the results of the ORSA annually and approves CGIC’s minimum internal 
capital target.  

Risk and Compensation Committee of the Board: The RCC is comprised of a subset of members of the CGL Board of Directors. RCC’s 
mandate includes setting the “tone at the top” for a strong ERM culture, and oversight of our ERM Framework. The RCC monitors ERM 
processes to ensure their effectiveness by approving risk limits for significant risks, reviewing regular reporting on our risk profile relative to 
our Board-approved risk appetite, and understanding action taken by management in response to identified issues. In addition, the RCC 
oversees the strategy for the use of risk and capital modelling methods and tools as well as our stress testing program. The RCC is also 
responsible for determining risk impacts of climate change within ORSA and stress testing. 

Management Risk Committee (MRC): The MRC includes all members of the Co-operators Management Group (CMG, which includes 
the Chief Executive Officer and his direct reports), the CRO, and the VP Strategic Planning. The MRC meets at least quarterly and is a 
strategic decision-making body responsible for planning, directing and controlling the impact of all significant risks faced by the 
organization. The MRC also helps to set the tone for a strong ERM culture, supports the ERM vision across the organization and acts as 
the authoritative escalation body for risk-related issues. 

24 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT   

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  25   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Management Capital Committee (MCC): The MCC is a subcommittee that monitors, evaluates, and recommends capital allocation and 
strategy decisions to CMG. The MCC ensures capital management practices align with all regulatory expectations and requirements. Its 
responsibilities include understanding the impact of stress events on capital and ensuring adequate capital contingency plans are in place 
to deal with remote but plausible stress scenarios. 

Management Investment Committee (MIC): The MIC is a subcommittee that reviews and advises management on the lending and 
investment programs. MIC develops and recommends adoption of the lending and investment risk management policies and provides risk 
measurement, assessment, monitoring and reporting of investment policies. 

Reinsurance & Insurance Counterparty Standards Committee (RICS): The RICS is a subcommittee that sets and communicates 
standards to be applied in assessing counterparties with whom we currently, or may in the future, engage in financial business 
relationships. The RICS is also accountable for monitoring counterparties' credit and default risk against these standards. 

Functional and Business Unit Risk Management: Functions that operate across the group of companies and business units that 
operate within their respective companies are responsible for managing the risks related to their own operations. While these risks may be 
specific to their function or business unit, the ERM framework provides a common language and common tools to identify, assess, quantify 
and manage these risks. 

Oversight Functions: Areas with independent oversight accountabilities reside in functions such as ERM, Compliance, Corporate 
Governance, Financial Controllership, Legal, Human Resources, Tax, Information Technology, Corporate Actuarial and other areas within 
control and group functions. They are not actively involved in the management of the business. They provide oversight of risks, provide 
guidance in their area of expertise, and help to build and monitor risk controls. 

Audit Services: Audit Services performs periodic risk-based reviews to ensure adherence to risk policies and practices thereby providing 
independent assurance that risk controls are in place and are operating effectively. 

RISK APPETITE 

Our purpose in setting our risk appetite is to define the types and amount of risk we are willing and able to responsibly accept in the pursuit 
of earning an appropriate return and fulfilling our strategic goals. Our risk appetite statements describe, at a broad level, the risks we will 
avoid, the risks we are prepared to assume and the limits we will place on those risks.  

Our risk appetite is informed by these principles: 

•  We cannot be in business without taking risks; 
• 
• 

The risks we take must further our mission and be consistent with our vision and values; 
As a co-operative, we have limited access to new capital. To develop and sustain our business, we must earn a reasonable return 
on the capital we have; 

•  We must manage risk in a way that balances short and long-term objectives in order to allow us to compete in the marketplace 

and ensure our sustainability; 

•  We desire to both evaluate opportunities for appropriate risk-taking and prevent excessive risk-taking; and 
• 

The risks we face are multiple, complex and often inter-related. Some are readily measurable, others are not. While models 
provide a useful means for understanding our risks, and controls provide valuable mitigation in the management of risks, they do 
not eliminate the need for the application of informed judgment and common sense. 

The development and establishment of our risk appetite is a dynamic and iterative process that requires ongoing dialogue throughout our 
organization. Our risk appetite may change over time in line with our changing capabilities for managing risk. Our actual risk profile relative 
to our desired risk appetite is monitored and reported quarterly to senior management, the RCC and the Board.  

Our risk appetite shapes our organization’s risk profile, influences the development and implementation of our strategy, and determines the 
risks we undertake in relation to our organization’s risk capacity. 

RISK UNIVERSE 

We categorize our risks using a common taxonomy referred to as our risk universe: 

• 

• 

Investment Risk – The risk of loss resulting from the quality of invested assets, movements in the capital markets, and/or the 
relationship between insurance assets and liabilities. It includes credit, liquidity, market and real estate risk.  
Insurance Risk – The risk of potential financial loss that may arise where the amount, timing and/or frequency of benefit and/or 
premium payments under insurance or reinsurance contracts is different than what was expected at the time of pricing and/or 
reserving for the insurance contract. Insurance risk is distinct from investment, operational, strategic or reputation risk where 
those risks are ancillary to or accompany the risk transfer. 

•  Operational Risk – The risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or 
from external events. It includes legal and regulatory risk but excludes strategic and reputation risk. External events include 
global issues such as climate change risk. 
Strategic Risk – The risk arising from our inability to adopt and execute effective business plans and tactics, to allocate resources 
appropriately, and to adapt to changes in our business environment. We research and consider the implications of emerging 
strategic trends in our strategic planning processes and build our plans accordingly. 

• 

•  Reputation Risk – The risk of loss resulting from an activity of CGL or its representatives that impairs our image in the 

community, or public confidence. This may result in loss of business, legal action, an increased cost of capital, and/or additional 
regulatory oversight. We conscientiously influence our reputation by being authentic to who we are, by assuming responsibility 
for our actions, and by proactively communicating and conducting our business activities in an ethical, fair, honest and 
transparent manner. 

The sections that follow highlight some of the risks that fall within these categories. 

INVESTMENT (FINANCIAL) RISKS 

Credit risk  

Credit risk is the risk resulting from the failure of a counterparty/debtor to honour its obligation to us.  

Our credit risk exposures include mortgage default, reinsurance counterparty and other asset impairments (for example, relating to short-
term investments, bonds, limited partnerships, mortgages, loans and receivables). Our RICS sets and monitors adherence to standards for 
counterparties so that The Co-operators is not exposed to excessive or unacceptable counterparty risk. Our Investment Policies put limits 
on the bond portfolio including portfolio composition limits, issuer type limits, bond quality limits, single issuer limits, corporate sector limits 
and general guidelines for geographic exposure. Co-operators General also has a comprehensive mortgage investment policy which 
includes, among other factors, single loan limits, diversification by type of property limits, and geographic diversification limits. For more 
information on credit risk refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.  

Market risk  

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices.  

Market risk includes credit spread, equity, foreign exchange and interest rate risk. There are several strategies that we employ to ensure 
that our market risk remains within our risk appetite including: limiting our exposure to certain types of assets, reducing or exiting 
businesses with unacceptable levels of market risk, managing net duration with asset liability management (ALM) strategies, using 
derivative instruments, or placing limits on the credit quality of fixed-income assets. 

Credit spread risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of movements in credit 
spreads. Credit spread risk is distinct from the risk of default of a counterparty or debtor. 

Equity risk results from movements in and/or the volatility of equity markets, including equity prices and indices. Diversification techniques 
are employed to minimize risk. Our Investment Policies limit total investment in any entity or group of related entities to a maximum of 5% 
of our assets. Our stock portfolio is benchmarked to the indices noted in the table below. A 10% movement in the indices, with all other 
variables held constant, would have the following estimated effect on the fair values of our stock holdings as at December 31, 2019. 

$ millions

Stock Portfolio

Benchmark

Canadian common
U.S. equities
Foreign equities1
1Co-operators General divested its foreign equity portfolio in December 2018

S&P/TSX Composite Index
S&P 500 Index (CDN $)
MSCI EAFE Index (CDN $)

2019

69.7
18.8
-

2018

54.1
15.9
0.4

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CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  27   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
                           
                           
                           
                           
                                
                            
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Our foreign exchange risk is primarily related to our investment holdings. Our policies limit investments in foreign denominated securities to 
a maximum value of 15% of invested assets. We partially mitigate this currency risk by buying or selling foreign exchange forward 
contracts. Foreign exchange forward contracts are commitments to buy or sell foreign currencies for delivery at a specified date in the 
future at a fixed rate. For more information on currency risk refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.  

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of movements in and/or 
the volatility of interest rates. When asset cash flows do not coincide with the cash flows arising from the liabilities, this may result in the 
need to either sell assets to meet policy obligations or reinvest excess asset cash flows in unfavourable interest rate environments. 

Historical data and current information are used to profile the ultimate claims settlement pattern by class of insurance, which is then used 
to develop an Investment Policy and strategy. To mitigate a portion of our interest rate risk, Co-operators General deploys an ALM 
strategy. A portion of the assets backing our unpaid claims and adjustment expenses are designated as FVTPL under the fair value option 
with the objective of offsetting a targeted portion of the financial impact of interest rate changes and avoiding an accounting mismatch. 
While interest rate increases tend to have a positive effect on our net income, they tend to weaken our overall financial position due to the 
impact on bond values. A 1% movement in the interest rate, with all other variables held constant, would have the following estimated 
effect on the fair values of our holdings as at December 31, 2019: 

$ millions

Bonds
Canadian preferred stocks
Pooled funds

Liquidity risk 

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

AFS
131.9
-
17.7

FVTPL
7.1
16.9
-

AFS
120.9
-
14.6

FVTPL
6.3
16.0
-

The increasing incidence and severity of extreme weather-related events is a growing challenge faced by the insurance industry. This 
challenge is intensified by aging municipal infrastructures that are unable to cope with intense storms, greater concentrations of people 
living in vulnerable areas and higher property values at risk. As an organization whose mission is to provide financial security for 
Canadians and their communities, it is our duty to continue to enhance our understanding of the potential impacts of climate change and its 
associated risks, while striving to develop and promote solutions that offer protection to our clients and enhance their financial resiliency. 
While many of the impacts associated with climate change are beyond our direct control, we have an opportunity to incentivize sustainable 
behaviour amongst our clients, mitigate risks through pricing and product development, and promote sustainable decision-making in our 
communities through various advocacy efforts. Refer to the Climate-related financial disclosures section of the MD&A for additional 
information on this topic. 

We write business that is broadly diversified in terms of lines of business and geographic location. There is no guarantee that a 
catastrophe would not result in claims in excess of our maximum reinsurance coverage; however, based on our catastrophic loss models 
our protection is in excess of regulatory guidelines and at a level that management considers prudent and in line with our risk appetite.  

Reinsurance risk  

Reinsurance risk is the risk that the organization’s reinsurance program (ceded and/or assumed) does not operate as intended. 

Reinsurance is purchased to limit our exposure to an individual risk, category of risk or geographic risk area. We review our reinsurance 
limit and scope of cover requirements annually. After these requirements have been determined, we carefully negotiate reinsurance 
contract terms with selected entities. The availability and cost of this reinsurance is subject to prevailing market conditions. In managing 
reinsurance risk, we also assess and monitor the financial strength of our reinsurers on a regular basis. There have been no material 
defaults with reinsurers in the past ten years. Refer to Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding 
reinsurance.  

Liquidity risk refers to the risk resulting from holding inadequate liquid assets to meet our obligations as they come due. It includes 
operational and strategic liquidity. 

Product Design and Pricing risk  

Liquidity risk can arise from adverse conditions in financial markets that could negatively affect our ability to convert invested assets into 
cash in a timely and cost-effective manner, or policyholder behavior in the form of cash demands as a result of claims, contractual 
commitments, or other outflows. Claims payments are funded by current revenue cash flow which normally exceeds cash requirements. 
Refer to the Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Commitments section of the MD&A for a discussion of our commitments. 

We do not have other material liabilities that can be called unexpectedly at the demand of a lender or client. We do not have material 
commitments for capital expenditures, and there is no need for such expenditures in the normal course of business. In addition, we 
measure our liquidity needs under both normal and stressed conditions ensuring that we have a sufficient level of liquid invested assets at 
all times. We have $19.0 million in available credit facilities as well as access to financial support from our parent company. For more 
information on liquidity risk refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.  

INSURANCE RISKS 

For P&C insurers, this represents the risk that policyholders will experience a higher frequency and/or severity of auto, home, commercial 
business and/or travel related losses. This results in higher than expected claims payments for bodily injury, liability coverages and/or 
coverages related to the damage to, or loss of, a physical asset. This includes catastrophe, claims, product design and pricing, 
reinsurance, reserve valuation, and underwriting risks. For more information on insurance risk refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial 
statements. 

Product design and pricing risk is the risk resulting from the pricing or features of our products, where revenues and/or costs experienced 
differ from those expected at the time of pricing. 

We price our products taking into account numerous factors including historical claims frequency and severity trends, product line expense 
ratios, cashflow payment patterns, special risk factors, the capital required to support the product line, and the investment income earned 
on that capital. Our pricing process is designed to ensure an appropriate return on equity while also providing long-term rate stability. 
These factors are reviewed and adjusted periodically to ensure they reflect the current environment.  

We strive to ensure our pricing will produce an appropriate return on invested capital; however, various external factors like market realities 
or regulations can have an impact on our ability to do so. For example, in provinces that mandate pricing for automobile insurance, pricing 
must be submitted to each provincial government regulator. It is possible that, in spite of our best efforts, regulatory decisions may impede 
automobile rate increases or other actions that we may wish to undertake. Also, during periods of intense competition for any product line, 
our competitors may price their products below the rates we consider acceptable, which would have an impact on our ability to maintain 
our rates where we want them. Additionally, changes in our natural environment exacerbated by climate change are making it more difficult 
to rely on historical claims frequency and severity as a predictor of future claims patterns. In order to continue to develop and offer 
products that meet the needs of Canadians and their communities, we have invested in the development of internal business intelligence 
and predictive models to provide us with further insight into hazard-prone areas. 

Underwriting risk 

Catastrophe risk  

Underwriting risk is the risk resulting from the selection and approval of risks to be insured.  

Catastrophe risk is the risk that a catastrophic event severely impairs our financial position.  

P&C insurers are subject to catastrophes which are a series of property and automobile physical damage claims arising from a single 
event. Catastrophes are caused by various perils such as earthquake, tornado, wind, hail, winter storm, flood or fire. Catastrophes can 
have a significant effect on our operating results and financial condition. The incidence and severity of catastrophes are inherently 
unpredictable. To limit our potential impact, we purchase reinsurance which will reimburse us for claims related to a single occurrence 
event, up to a maximum of $1.4 billion. The deductible and maximum limit for catastrophe reinsurance applies to all P&C operations on a 
group-wide basis. After the application of the catastrophe program, Co-operators General retention is $70.0 million in incurred claims, 
which represents approximately 4.2% of our capital. For the purpose of capital management, we define capital as shareholders’ equity 
excluding AOCI. 

Our underwriting objective is to develop business with sufficient scale within our target market on a prudent and diversified basis and to 
achieve profitable underwriting results. We underwrite automobile business based on annual reviews of the client’s driving record and 
claims experience. We underwrite property lines based on location, physical condition, property replacement values, claims experience 
and other relevant factors. Highly trained and experienced underwriters manually underwrite complex risks using comprehensive 
underwriting manuals which detail the practices and procedures used in the determination of the insurance risk and the decision of whether 
to offer coverage. We also leverage our business intelligence system which gives us the tools to better segment and underwrite. All 
employees in the underwriting area are trained and their work is audited on a regular basis. Advisors and brokers are compensated, in 
part, based on the profitability of their portfolio.  

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Claims risk 

Claims risk is the risk that the level of actual ultimate claims paid on settlement is different from what was expected. 

We employ more than 1,000 claims personnel across Canada, with the majority of claims being handled internally and the remainder 
handled through independent adjusters. Each employee has an authority limit, which is based on related education, skills and work 
experience. They are supported by training and comprehensive reference materials which have been compiled to identify investigations 
and information required before a claim can be paid. Our claims handling approach results in an appropriate control of claims costs.  

Reserve Valuation risk  

Reserve valuation risk is the risk of misestimating reserve liabilities, where actual cashflows experienced differ from those expected at the 
time of reserve valuation. It is dependent on the actuarial reserve valuation, as well as claims reserving practices. 

We maintain provisions for unpaid claims and adjustment expenses to cover our estimated ultimate liability for claims. There is the 
potential for significant variability in the amount of ultimate settlement from the current amounts recorded. Our practice is to maintain an 
adequate margin to ensure future years’ earnings are not negatively affected by prior years’ claims development and other variable factors, 
such as inflation. We also monitor fluctuations in reserve adequacy on an ongoing basis, and periodically seek an external peer review of 
reserve levels. We are subject to some exposure in the fluctuation of long-term portfolio yield rates in the valuation of our discounted 
unpaid claims. Our claims development table and sensitivity analysis are in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. 

OPERATIONAL RISKS 

Business Continuity and Resilience risk 

Business continuity and resilience risk is the risk of a prolonged interruption in the business operations or the ability to restore operations 
after a disruption. 

There are many events that could result in the interruption of our business operations. These can range from sudden catastrophes, such 
as power outages, cyber-attacks, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes, to slower moving events such as pandemics. We have plans and 
actions in place to maintain resilience and maintain service standards to our clients as much as possible. We have building evacuation 
procedures in place that are evaluated and tested on a regular basis, as well as inclement weather guidelines, telework guidelines, crisis 
communications procedures and a staff emergency line. Business Continuity and Infectious Disease Plans are created, maintained and 
tested to a set of established standards. Compliance with these standards is monitored and reported to Senior Management and the Board 
of Directors at least annually. 

Financial Accounting risk 

The risk of failing to record, maintain and present financial information and accounting transactions in accordance with IFRS, professional 
and/or industry requirements. 

IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” along with IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” will become effective on January 1st, 2022. These new standards 
bring with them an unprecedented wave of new financial reporting and regulatory requirements that will significantly impact the actuarial, 
risk, and accounting data, processes and systems within our organization. We are preparing for and managing this transition and 
implementation risk through an integrated operating model and technology platform for finance and actuarial that enables us to work as 
one unified team with one seamless calculation and reporting system.  

For additional information on these standards as well as other financial accounting changes expected to impact our business, refer to 
Future Accounting Changes section. 

Global Issues risk  

Global issues risk is the risk of global trends and external issues that impact our clients and their communities, affect the nature of the 
insurance industry overall and/or affect our ability to remain relevant to our member organizations and clients. It includes the natural, 
political, legal, regulatory and social environment, as well as systemic risks. 

We consider the implications of potential changes to our natural, political, legal and regulatory, economic and social environment in our 
strategic planning processes to understand the impacts and adjust our plans if necessary. Risks present in our natural environment as a 
result of changing climate patterns have long-term implications in our operating environment. Consistent with our vision of The 
Co-operators as a catalyst for a sustainable society, we aspire to provide insurance and investment management solutions for individuals 
and businesses who wish to exert a positive influence on the social or natural environment. We advocate for sustainable behaviour and 
strive to incorporate sustainable practices within our own organization through impact investments and carbon emissions reduction. Refer 
to the Climate-related financial disclosures section of the MD&A for a discussion of our commitment to manage this risk. 

Regulatory Compliance risk 

Regulatory compliance risk is the risk of failing to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including bribery, business conduct, 
consumer protection, employment practices, market conduct, privacy and tax. 

P&C insurance companies are subject to significant regulation by governments. We monitor our compliance with all relevant regulations for 
the jurisdictions in which we operate. As in any regulated industry, it is possible that future regulatory changes or developments may 
prevent us from raising rates or taking other action to enhance our operating results. As well, future regulatory changes, novel or 
unexpected judicial interpretations or political developments could fundamentally change the business environment in which we operate. 
We actively participate in discussions with regulators, governments, and industry groups to ensure we are well-informed of contemplated 
changes and that our concerns are understood.  

For regulatory changes expected to impact our business, refer to Emerging Legislation and Regulatory Events section of the MD&A above. 

Information Technology risk 

Information technology risk is the risk that we cannot secure, develop, adopt, operate and support the technology required to meet current 
and future business objectives and client expectations. It includes risks related to access security, computer operations, resolution 
management, and IT system changes. 

The cyber threat landscape is continually evolving and new vulnerabilities are being identified across all aspects of the technology 
spectrum. As a member of the financial services industry, our organization is exposed to threat agents looking for technical weaknesses 
and exploitable vulnerabilities. A cyber-incident has the potential to result in material consequences for our organization and our clients 
including loss of system availability, loss of data or data integrity, breaches or distribution of confidential information, as well as impacts to 
our overall reputation and brand. Our goal is to maintain strong control processes and a resilient technological environment that can 
safeguard our systems and client information.  

To mitigate and manage our exposure to a cyber breach, our organization has implemented a security risk management program with both 
governance and operational components, including training and awareness at all levels. Our internal technology governance has been 
designed to meet both regulatory requirements and industry best practices. Our program is designed to protect systems with consideration 
of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. Key activities include monitoring our systems for events to detect and prevent 
system intrusions, as well as conducting scans of the internal and external environments to identify and remediate vulnerabilities. Along 
with an extensive business continuity management program, we continually assess our cyber security program to ensure we continue to 
be well-positioned to meet the needs of our business and clients. 

Third-Party and Outsourcing risk 

Third-party and outsourcing risk is the risk of failure to effectively manage service providers (third-party or intra-group). 

We recognize that these relationships present both risk and opportunity. Through our third-party relationships and outsourced 
arrangements, the nature of the risk of a potential failure in processes or controls (e.g. cyber breaches, business continuity issues) is 
changing. Through our Vendor Risk Management Program, we assess third parties and the quality of their risk controls. We also 
deliberately engage third parties for their subject matter expertise and/or superior controls, to mitigate other risks that we are exposed to 
and to meet the needs and preferences of our clients.  

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

STRATEGIC RISKS 

Client Preferences and Behaviours Risk: The risk of not understanding and adapting to our clients’ needs and expectations. 

Competition Risk: The risk of the organization’s relative market position being impacted by our strategic choices and those of our 
competitors in the same markets. Competition risk can arise within or outside the financial or insurance sector, and from traditional or non-
traditional competitors. This risk includes diseconomies of scale and inefficiencies that threaten our ability to provide cost-effective, quality 
products and services in a timely and efficient manner. 

Business Landscape Risk: The risk of not understanding and adapting to fundamental changes in the financial services operating 
environment, e.g., the emergence of autonomous vehicles and the ensuing transformation of the transportation service platform. 

We research and consider the implications of emerging strategic trends in our strategic planning processes and build our plans 
accordingly. 

CLIMATE-RELATED FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES  

Canadians, our communities, and our businesses will bear the impacts of a changing climate. A recent Canadian study has shown that 
Canada, on average, is experiencing warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world. These warming effects are causing greater volatility 
in weather patterns and affecting the livability of many regions across the country. We can already see the effects within the property and 
casualty industry with stark increases in catastrophic losses in recent decades, fuelled primarily by the increasing risk of extreme weather 
and natural disasters. 

In 2015, the Financial Stability Board (FSB), a UK-based international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global 
financial system, established an industry-led Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). The TCFD develops voluntary, 
consistent climate-related financial disclosures that may be useful to lenders, insurers and investors in understanding material risks and 
building climate risk into their decision-making. In June 2017, the TCFD released its final report, which we publicly endorsed. Our 
organization welcomes the new disclosure recommendations and developed a three-year roadmap to fully adopt the TCFD 
recommendations which cover the areas of governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets. These disclosures cover a 
reporting period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019, representing the second disclosure under the framework and provide an 
overview of our organization’s approach to identifying and managing climate-related risks and opportunities. 

These disclosures have the support of our Executive Vice-President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and the Executive Vice-
President of Member Relations, Governance and Corporate Services, along with other senior leaders at the company. Our ultimate parent 
company, CGL, will be releasing its inaugural standalone TCFD report in April 2020.  

GOVERNANCE  

At The Co-operators, climate change is a shared area of concern with our members and accordingly, our active engagement of the Board 
of Directors on this topic has been well supported. At the Board level, the Risk Management Committee (RCC) and the Sustainability and 
Citizenship Committee (SCC) oversee our management of climate-related risks and strategy. The process of understanding climate risk, 
which is integral to these efforts, is overseen by the Sustainability & Citizenship and Risk & Compensation Committees, who have 
amended their terms of reference to include monitoring climate-related issues. To build additional capacity around the Board table, climate-
related knowledge and skills have been added to the Board Skills Matrix and the Board’s 2019 governance assessment. Annually, the 
RCC and SCC hold a joint half-day meeting to review our status on climate risk and progress on the TCFD recommendations as well as 
understand external developments. The Board also receives updates on the topic of climate change at each Board meeting through the 
SCC and RCC chairperson updates.  

The Co-operators Management Group is accountable for maintaining our overall risk policy framework, which include specific climate 
change considerations. The TCFD Advisory Group, consisting of leaders across the organization, was formed in 2017 to review the 
recommendations from the TCFD and to develop an action plan for implementation. The advisory group provides insight into strategic 
business decisions and overall direction on the TCFD. Our President and CEO participates in an annual Joint Sustainability Meeting with 
the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the SCC, and the senior sustainability management committee, which provides an opportunity 
for shared learning, cross-organizational collaboration, strategic planning and monitoring of our sustainability practice.  

Our first Climate Commitment, published in November 2018, may be found on our website at www.cooperators.ca/en/About-Us/about-
sustainability/our-climate-commitment. The Commitment provides information on our approach to prioritizing actions we will take to 
address these challenges further. 

STRATEGY  

Co-operators General has a long-term 2030 strategy which was developed through the lens of sustainability. As a subsidiary of CGL, we 
are committed to honouring that strategy which reflects our commitment to integrate sustainability into our thinking and strategy. The 
strategy expresses the outcomes that we aim to realize by 2030 which include supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development 
Goals (SDGs) where meaningful and relevant. Co-operators General endorses all 17 SDGs, with a focus on 9 SDGs, including Climate 
Action, among others. Dedicated resources towards the Climate Action SDG will allow us to: 

•  Develop and set clear company-wide climate objectives addressing key parts of our organization that reflect our future 

goals – Our 2019 to 2022 corporate strategy has been finalized and includes climate considerations, with the Board and 
management currently working to identify and define key performance indicators and associated targets/metrics to measure our 
progress. 

•  Continue to develop innovative products and services to address gaps in climate-related coverage – As part of our 

Climate Change Adaptation Project, we will position Co-operators General as an early mover and innovator developing tangible, 
insurance-specific expertise on climate-related risks and perils.   

• 

Strengthen our investment policies by explicitly including the consideration of climate-related risks and opportunities – 
In collaboration with Addenda, we employ an impact investing strategy which is regularly reviewed and use company disclosures 
and third-party research to assess our investments’ exposure to climate-related risks and opportunities. 

•  Help our clients understand and manage their climate-related risks – We will continue to expand our efforts to inform and 

equip Canadians with the tools they need to adapt to a changing climate. This includes using our distribution channels, including 
public documents such as CGL’s Integrated Annual Report as well as social media, to highlight the economic and social impacts 
of a changing climate. We also partner with not-for-profit organizations and contribute funding to communities across the country 
to build resiliency. 

• 

To be a strong leader and effective steward and advocates of climate change – We are proud of our history as a leader in 
climate advocacy and environmental stewardship. We have advocated for carbon pricing since 2015, played an instrumental role 
in supporting the creation of a national flood advisory council, and joined the United Nations Environment Programme Finance 
Initiative (UNEP-FI) TCFD pilot group for investors to build relevant and reliable scenario testing tools. 

Below is a summary of climate-related risks and opportunities, both physical and transition, that we have identified: 

Risks

Increase in frequency and 
severity of extreme weather 
events

Type

Physical

Asset depreciation and lower 
investment returns

Transition

Regulatory

Transition

Response

Climate change is leading to rising claims and uncertainty in our P&C insurance 
portfolio. These trends will inevitably lead to an increasing gap between insured and 
total economic losses. Closing this protection gap by passing these additional 
costs on to policyholders is not a sustainable business model. Therefore, our 
ability to generate positive returns is highly dependent on our ability to accurately 
estimate and price for these weather-related events and to mitigate them 
effectively. 

Climate change may impact the value of our investment portfolio, as investee 
companies are further impacted by climate-related changes in technology, 
consumer preferences or regulation. This may directly lead to adverse financial 
performance for those companies and by extension, ourselves.   

Despite the slow development of carbon policy in Canada and globally, the 
adequate pricing of carbon will eventually lead to higher direct and indirect costs. 
Over time, these costs will increase pressure on our ability to generate positive 
returns.

Time Horizon

Short-term (1-3 
years) and 
ongoing

Long-term (5+ 
years)

Long-term (5+ 
years)

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

Opportunities
Innovative product solutions Product 

Type

offering

Developing new tools to 
mitigate climate-related risks 
for clients

Client 
resiliency

Advance advocacy and 
enhance involvement by 
government stakeholders

Client 
resiliency

Response

Designing innovative product solutions to enable and empower community 
resilience is mandated through our Climate Commitment. We developed Canada’s 
first and only comprehensive water product that covers all Canadians, despite their 
level of flood risk. This product includes storm surge coverage, and is available to 
all risk types and property types (including cottages and seasonal dwellings, 
apartments and condos).

In 2018, we launched the Climate Change Adaptation Project to assess and 
mitigate climate-related risks over the lifetime of our P&C products to clients. This 
initiative encompasses several programs, including accurately tracking wildfire 
progression to enable more timely underwriting actions; expanding and targeting 
our efforts to notify users of impending extreme weather events; and building tools 
to more precisely monitor risk accumulation to identify clients at a high-risk of 
being impacted by climate change. 

As part of an ongoing effort to build resilient communities, we have partnered 
across sectors to create a community-based Disaster Risk Reduction Program. 
This program will empower people to prepare and act ahead of climate-related 
events like floods and wildfires. We also play a key role in convening industry 
peers and advocating for improvement of flood resiliency as part of Public Safety 
Canada’s Advisory Council on Flood. 

One of the TCFD recommendations involves describing the resilience of a company’s strategy under different climate-related scenarios, 
including one of a 2°C increase or less. We are currently taking action to address this requirement and are committed to continuing our 
efforts on this front in order to achieve disclosures in line with industry developments with the goal of being a leader amongst similar-sized 
insurers. Through our active participation and thought leadership in the UNEP-FI pilot groups for insurers and asset managers, we aim to 
contribute to the development of consistent practices and disclosures to better quantify the impact of this scenario. 

RISK MANAGEMENT  

Climate-related issues have large-scale and broad implications across the financial services industry and permeate the insurance, 
investment, strategic, reputation and operational risks that influence our risk profile. We view climate change as a complex risk issue but 
one that is also a source of opportunity for us to meet the needs of Canadians and their communities.  

To support our climate commitment, we have an integrated climate change strategy that focuses activity across three key areas: 

Portfolio evaluation – testing the resilience of our insurance portfolio and strategy 

• 
•  Mitigation – reducing the risks presented by climate change impacts 
• 

Adaptation – building the resilience of our operations, communities and ecosystems to climate change impacts 

Portfolio Evaluation 

We continually monitor and analyze the potential impacts of climate-related risks in our property and casualty (P&C) portfolio. We stress 
test the resilience of our products for plausible future economic, political and environmental states. We proactively evaluate the financial 
impacts and our strategic response if the climate change scenario were to materialize. For example, we monitor our geographical risk 
accumulations to better understand and manage our property risk concentration across the country. 

Climate change has increased our insurance risk as it affects our ability to appropriately price, underwrite and reserve for claims by 
rendering our historical patterns as no longer predictive of future experience. Our stress testing program includes scenarios that 
contemplate an increased frequency and severity of claims that could be caused by extreme weather events or other drivers.  

Mitigation  

The insurance industry will be impacted by climate change in ways that are complex and difficult to predict. We continue to dedicate 
resources to anticipate and prepare for the many impacts of climate change.  

We preserve our capital by managing our risk exposure through group reinsurance risk transfer mechanisms. We minimize our credit risk 
exposure by spreading our program across many trusted partners and setting robust financial standards for eligibility. We have designed a 
robust and resilient capital management framework which allows us to maintain the strength of our balance sheet by ensuring climate-
related impacts are accounted for.  

Material climate-related risks and opportunities are incorporated into investment decisions, considering companies’ exposure to climate-
related risks and how those risks are being managed. 

Time Horizon

Current

Adaptation 

In the medium to long-term time horizon, climate change is likely to have an impact on both our insurance and investment portfolios. We 
are developing methods to identify how our business and our clients can deploy adaptative measures to combat the growing physical and 
transition threats of climate change.  

Medium-term (3-
5 years)

Our extensive innovation work with subject matter experts has provided valuable insight into climate change risk management knowledge 
and practices. Our data scientists and expert catastrophe modelers have developed a risk accumulation geospatial tool to help 
management understand and effectively manage our geographical risk accumulations. 

As a co-operative, we are committed to community engagement, and advocate for societal and behavioural change and adaption. We 
proudly participate in various community awareness days and social media campaigns to inform and empower Canadians and their 
communities. 

Current

For additional information regarding our risk management practices, refer to the Risk Management section of our MD&A. 

METRICS AND TARGETS  

There are several metrics that we have implemented and targets we have set to help us manage our climate-related risks and 
opportunities relating to our business operations, our investing activities and our community activities. 

Metric

Target

Explanation

2019

2018

2017

Carbon intensity (tCO2e per 
employee)1

n/a

Tonnes of CO2 equivalent emitted per employee

1.5 t CO2e

1.6 t CO2e

1.7 t CO2e

Net carbon emissions reduced from 
2010 levels (as a %)

100%2 by the 
end of 2020

Tonnes of CO2 equivalent we have reduced from 
2010 baseline levels

Impact investing (as a %)

20%3 by the 
end of 2022

Invested assets in securities which focus on 
climate change, health and wellness among others

80.0%

81.0%

81.0%

19.4%

14.8%

7.7%

Major event loss claims

Number of major event claims 
recorded

n/a

n/a

Includes extreme weather and other significant 
natural disasters

111.4 million

179.5 million

137.1 million

The number of claims triggering a major event loss

29

17

36

Number of comprehensive water 
endorsements4
1Tonnes of CO2 equivalent emitted per employee
2Tonnes of CO2 equivalent as a percentage we have reduced from 2010 levels - metric is calculated at CGL

The number of home policies with comprehensive 
water coverage

n/a

483,879

295,733

250,297

3The percentage of our invested assets in securities that have both compelling investment returns and a measurable, positive environmental and/or social impact.  This 
demonstrates our commitment to embedding co-operative and sustainability principles into our investment decisions, and helps build resilient, sustainable communities for 
future generations
4Our Comprehensive Water product is Canada's only flood product to cover overland flooding, storm surge, and sewer back up, even for those at the highest risk  of 
flooding.

Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 GHG Emissions and Related Risks 

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a prime driver of rising global temperatures and, as such, are a key focal point of policy, regulatory, 
market and technology responses to limit climate change. As a result, organizations with significant emissions are likely to be more 
strongly impacted by transition risk than other organizations. 

At The Co-operators, we track, monitor and report on the carbon footprint of our investments to better understand the investment 
implications of climate change. Our invested assets impact and influence global carbon emissions and climate-related risk. In 2014, we 
were the first Canadian Insurance company to sign onto the Montreal Carbon Pledge, and Addenda became the first Canadian asset 
manager to sign the pledge and disclose the carbon impact of all its equity pooled funds in 2015.  

The carbon footprint of our investments represents the GHG emissions of our owned equity, preferred share and corporate bond portfolios, 
which is calculated in tonnes of C02 equivalent. We include both Scope 1 emissions (direct GHG emissions) and Scope 2 emissions (GHG 
emissions from electricity, steam, heat and cooling). Scope 3 emissions, which are all indirect emissions not included in Scope 2, do not 
apply to us. 

Our Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions in 2019 were 5,299 t C02e (2018 – 5,117 t C02e; 2017 – 4,856 t C02e).  

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CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  35   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

Disclosure controls and procedures  

Management is responsible for designing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures to provide reasonable assurance 
that all relevant information is gathered and reported to senior management, including the President and CEO and the Executive Vice-
President, Finance and CFO, on a timely basis so that appropriate decisions can be made regarding public disclosure. 

As at December 31, 2019, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under National 
Instrument 52-109, was carried out with management’s participation and under the supervision of the CEO and CFO. Based on that 
evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. 

Internal control over financial reporting 

Management is responsible for designing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable 
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes, in accordance 
with IFRS. However, due to inherent limitations, these controls may not prevent or detect all material misstatements on a timely basis. 
Projections of any control effectiveness evaluation to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate due to 
potential changes in conditions or possible deteriorations in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. 

No changes were made to our internal control over financial reporting during the year that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely 
to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

As at December 31, 2019, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as defined under National 
Instrument 52-109, was carried out with management’s participation and under the supervision of the CEO and CFO. Based on that 
evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting was effective. 

ACCOUNTING MATTERS 

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES AND 
ASSUMPTIONS 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and 
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. The following accounting estimates are considered particularly significant 
to understanding our financial performance. We have established detailed policies and control procedures that are intended to ensure 
these judgments are controlled, independently reviewed and consistently applied. Actual results could differ from these estimates and 
changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined.  

Use of estimates and judgments 

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses  

We make estimates for the amount of unpaid claims and the timing of future claims payments based on assumptions that reflect the 
expected set of economic conditions and planned courses of action. Uncertainty exists on reported claims in that all information may not be 
available at the reporting date. In addition, claims may not be reported to us immediately, therefore estimates are made as to the value of 
claims incurred but not yet reported, a value which may take years to finally determine. In establishing the provision for unpaid claims, we 
also take into account estimated recoveries relating to salvage and subrogation. 

The initial actuarial estimate of unpaid claims and adjustment expenses is an undiscounted amount. In order to determine the 
undiscounted liability, assumptions are developed considering the characteristics of the class of business, historical trends, the amount of 
data available on individual claims and any other pertinent factors. This estimate is then discounted to recognize the time value of money.  

The interest rate used to discount the liabilities for CGIC, Sovereign and COSECO is 2.49% (2018 - 2.84%) and for CUMIS General is 
2.33% (2018 – 2.79%) based on our projected rate of return on the investment portfolios supporting these liabilities. The discount rate is 
adjusted on a regular basis based on changes in the projected rate of return. If the discount rate increases, the result would be a reduction 
in total unpaid claims and adjustment expenses, which would have a positive impact on our underwriting income, with all else being equal. 
A decrease in the discount rate would have the opposite effect. A 1.0% increase in the discount rate would have an approximate impact on 
after-tax net income of $41.7 million (2018 - $37.0 million). 

The discounted unpaid claims and adjustment expenses incorporates assumptions concerning future investment income, projected cash 
flows, and appropriate PFADs. As the estimates for unpaid claims are subject to measurement uncertainty and the variability could be 
material in the near term, we include PFADs in our assumptions for claims development, reinsurance recoveries and future investment 
income. The incorporation of PFADs is in accordance with accepted actuarial practice in order to ensure that the actuarial liabilities are 
adequate to pay future benefits. The selected PFADs are within the ranges recommended by the Canadian Institute of Actuaries.  

In 2019, our discounted claims development experience was $139.1 million favourable, indicating that our unpaid claims reserves were 
more than adequate to cover the actual losses that were settled. For more information refer to the Key Financial Measures (Non-IFRS) 
section of this document and also Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements for our claims development table and sensitivity analysis. 

Advisor transition commissions 

Co-operators General’s advisors are eligible for a transition commission payout upon a qualifying termination. The transition commission is 
based upon the number of years of service as an advisor and the average trailing commission volume of their book of business. Payments 
to terminated advisors are funded in part from reduced commission payments which are made to new advisors acquiring the book of 
business during the first 3 years of their agency relationship. Our accounting policy is to recognize the cost of transition commissions 
payable to active advisors over their estimated working lives and to recognize the benefit of reduced commissions payable to new advisors 
at the time when reduced commissions are paid. The obligation to active advisors is determined by accruing for the benefits earned to date 
on a present value basis assuming the cash flows associated with the earned benefits are paid out at the expected termination date. 
Significant assumptions used in the calculation of advisor transition commissions are the discount rate of 2.80% (2018 - 3.67%) and an 
average termination age of 56 (2018 - 57). A 1.0% decrease in the discount rate would increase the provision for advisor transition 
commissions by $9.0 million (2018 - $8.1 million) and decrease net income by $6.5 million (2018 - $5.9 million). A two-year decrease in the 
average termination age would increase the provision for advisor transition commissions by $4.1 million (2018 - $5.3 million) and decrease 
net income by $3.0 million (2018 - $3.9 million). Larger rate and age changes would have a corresponding impact to net income. 

Retirement benefit obligations 

Measurement uncertainty exists in valuing the components of retirement benefit obligations. Each assumption is determined by 
management, based on current market conditions and experiential information available at the time. Due to the long-term nature of the 
plans, the calculation of benefit expenses and obligations depends on various assumptions such as discount rates, medical and dental 
care cost trend rates, retirement age and mortality and termination rates. Actual experience that differs from the actuarial assumptions will 
affect the amounts recorded for the accrued benefit obligation and benefit expense. Assumed medical and dental care cost trend rates 
have a significant effect on the amount reported for the medical and dental benefit plans. A 1.0% increase in assumed medical and dental 
benefit cost trend rates would increase the accrued benefit obligation for 2019 by $25.7 million (2018 - $21.9 million). A 1.0% decrease in 
the discount rate would have the approximate effect of increasing the accrued benefit obligation for 2019 by $29.1 million (2018 - $24.0 
million). Significant assumptions used in the calculation of employee future benefits are presented in Note 15 to the consolidated financial 
statements.  

Significant judgments 

Impairment of investments 

At a minimum, we review investments at the end of each quarter to identify and evaluate investments that show indication of possible 
impairment. An investment is considered impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment. Objective evidence of impairment includes a 
significant or prolonged decline in the fair value or net asset value below cost, or when a loss event that has a reliably estimable impact on 
future cash flows of the financial instrument has occurred. Such impairments are recorded as a charge to earnings in the period that the 
determination is made. The determination of what is significant or prolonged requires judgment. In making this judgment, we evaluate 
factors including, but not limited to: a decline in current financial position, defaults on debt obligations, failure to meet debt covenants, 
significant downgrades of credit status, and severity and/or duration of the decline in value. Previously impaired investments continue to be 
reviewed quarterly.  

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. CGIC and certain of its subsidiaries are insurance 
companies and must also comply with the accounting and reporting requirements of regulators. The significant accounting policies used in 
the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements. The accounting 
policies used are consistent with those applied in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 
except for the adoption of IFRS 16 “Leases” adopted by Co-operators General effective January 1, 2019. 

IFRS 16 "Leases" – IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 to replace IAS 17 “Leases” and related interpretations by the International 
Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to 
recognize right-of-use assets and related liabilities for all leases unless the lease term is 12 months or less, or the underlying asset has a 
low value. The standard has been adopted by the Co-operators General on January 1, 2019. Co-operators General has elected to apply 
IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements using the modified retrospective approach. 

As of January 1, 2019, Co-operators General determined the impact to the consolidated balance sheet included an increase to assets and 
liabilities of $35.8 million. In determining the lease liability on January 1, 2019, Co-operators General used the rate implicit in the lease if 
known, otherwise it applied the incremental borrowing rate to the portfolio of leases. The weighted average discount rate as of January 1, 
2019 was 2.82%. For a more detailed analysis on the impacts of IFRS 16 “Leases” please refer to Note 3 Adoption of new and amended 
accounting standards in our consolidated financial statements. 

There were no other new accounting standards which have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. For a complete 
listing of new and amended accounting standards refer to Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements.  

FUTURE ACCOUNTING CHANGES 

The IASB has continued to issue a number of amendments and new accounting pronouncements that will be applicable to Co-operators 
General. Included below are the details of select accounting standards issued but not yet applied. For a complete listing as well as their 
estimated impacted, refer to Note 4 of our consolidated financial statements.  

IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Disclosures"  

In December 2011, IFRS 7 was amended to require additional financial instrument disclosures upon transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. The 
amendments are effective upon adoption of IFRS 9, which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. However, 
in September 2016, IFRS 4 was amended to provide an option of a temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 for entities whose 
predominant activity is issuing insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4. Therefore, qualifying entities will have the option to adopt 
IFRS 9 upon the adoption of IFRS 17. Co-operators General qualifies for a temporary exemption; thus, IFRS 7 is effective for annual 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated 
financial statements. 

IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments"  

IFRS 9 was issued in July 2014 and is intended to replace IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. IFRS 9 is a 
three part standard aimed at reducing complexity in reporting financial instruments. The project has been divided into three phases: Phase 
1 Classification and measurement, Phase 2 Impairment and Phase 3 Hedge accounting. Phase 1 was issued in November 2009 and 
amended in October 2010. It requires financial assets to be recorded at amortized cost or fair value depending on the entity’s business 
model for managing the assets and their associated cash flow characteristics. All financial assets are to be measured at fair value on the 
balance sheet if they are not measured at amortized cost. At initial recognition, an entity may irrevocably designate a financial asset as 
measured at (FVTPL) if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise 
from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases. Phase 2 was completed in July 2014 
and introduced a new expected loss impairment methodology that will result in more timely recognition of impairment losses. Phase 3 was 
completed in November 2013. This phase replaces the rule-based hedge accounting requirements in IAS 39 to more closely align the 
accounting with risk management activities.  

The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. However, in September 2016, IFRS 4 was amended to 
provide an option of a temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 for entities whose predominant activity is issuing insurance contracts 
within the scope of IFRS 4. Therefore, qualifying entities will have the option to adopt IFRS 9 upon the adoption of IFRS 17. Co-operators 
General qualifies for temporary exemption; thus, IFRS 9 is expected effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. We 
are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. 

IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts"  

IFRS 17 was issued in May 2017 and will replace IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts”. The intent of the standard is to establish consistent 
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure principles to provide relevant and comparable reporting of insurance contracts 
across jurisdictions. 

The standard requires entities to measure insurance contract liabilities as the risk-adjusted present value of the cash flows plus the 
contractual service margin, which represents the unearned profit the entity will recognize as future service is provided. This is referred to 
as the general model. Expedients are specified, provided the insurance contracts meet certain conditions. If, at initial recognition or 
subsequently, the contractual service margin becomes negative, the contract is considered onerous and the excess is recognized 
immediately in the consolidated statement of income (loss). The standard also includes significant changes to the presentation and 
disclosure of insurance contracts within entities’ financial statements. 

In December 2018, the IASB voted in favour of deferring the effective date of IFRS 17 from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022 (expected). The standard is to be applied retrospectively unless impracticable, in which case a 
modified retrospective approach or fair value approach is to be used for transition. We are currently evaluating the impact that this 
standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. 

IFRS 3 "Business Combinations" 

IFRS 3 was amended in October 2018 to revise the definition of a business and provide a simplified assessment of whether an acquired 
set of activities and assets qualifies as a business. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. 
We are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements in the event of a business 
acquisition. 

IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” 

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and IAS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and 
Errors" were issued in October 2018. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The 
amendments update the definition of 'material' and the meaning of 'primary users of general-purpose financial statements'. We are 
currently evaluating the impact that these amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements. 

Conceptual Framework of Reporting 

In March 2018, the IASB revised its conceptual framework for financial reporting. The revised framework includes a new chapter on 
measurement, guidance on reporting financial performance, improved definitions and guidance, and clarifications on important topics (e.g., 
the roles of stewardship, prudence, and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting). The IASB has also issued amendments that 
update references to the framework in certain standards. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 
1, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements. 

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Management’s Discussion & Analysis 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS 

Certain terms used in this MD&A have the meanings set forth below that tend to be specific to the Canadian insurance industry or to 
Co-operators General. 

Advisor - an insurance advisor who sells insurance products exclusively for CGIC.  

Assume - reinsurance term to describe an insurer taking on a risk, for a premium, from the primary insurer, to cover all or part of a risk 
insured by the primary insurer who has then ceded the risk. 

Broker - an intermediary who negotiates policies of insurance or reinsurance with insurers on behalf of the insured or reinsured, receiving 
a commission from the insurer or the reinsurer for placement and other services rendered.  

Catastrophe reinsurance - a form of insurance, which subject to specified limits, indemnifies the ceding company for the amount of loss 
in excess of a specified retention amount with respect to an accumulation of losses resulting from a catastrophic event.  

Cede - reinsurance term to describe a primary insurer purchasing insurance from a reinsurer who assumes the risk, to cover all or part of a 
risk insured by the primary insurer.  

OSFI - Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (Canada), the government body responsible for the regulation and 
supervision of financial institutions and private pension plans subject to federal oversight. 

Property and casualty (P&C) insurance - all types of insurance excluding life insurance and governmental insurance. Also known as 
general insurance. 

Provision for adverse deviation (PFAD) - margins that are added to loss reserves to provide for adverse deviation from claims reserve 
estimates; this includes provisions covering claims development variability and risks associated with interest rate and reinsurance 
recoveries.  

Unpaid claims and adjustment expenses - the amount provided as a liability to cover the estimated ultimate cost of settling claims, 
including claims incurred but not reported arising out of events, which have occurred by the end of an accounting period, less amounts 
paid with respect to those claims; also referred to as ‘provision for unpaid claims’ or ‘claims reserves.’  

Reinstatement premium - the premium paid to restore the original reinsurance policy limit as a result of a reinsurance loss payment 
under a catastrophe cover. Reinstatement premiums are reported as a reduction in net earned premium. 

Reinsurer - an insurer who assumes all or part of a risk originally assumed by a primary insurer.  

Claim - the amount owed by an insurer or reinsurer pursuant to a policy of insurance or reinsurance arising from the loss relating to an 
insured event.  

Retention - has two meanings: (1) in respect of reinsurance, the amount of risk not ceded to reinsurers; (2) in respect to policies in force, 
the number of policyholders who renew for a subsequent term.  

Claims development - a non-IFRS measure representing the change in reserve balance on unpaid claims through the process of 
adjudication from the initial estimate to the ultimate amount paid.  

Return on equity (ROE) - a non-IFRS measure representing net income as a percentage of average opening and closing shareholders’ 
equity excluding accumulated other comprehensive. 

Claims experience - the realized claims loss record for a defined block of business.  

Severity of claims - the average cost of each claim, based on the total claims cost and number of claims opened in a period.  

Salvage and subrogation recoverable - Salvage recoverable is the estimated value of damaged property that may be retrieved, 
reconditioned, and sold to reduce the amount of an insured loss. Subrogation recoverable is the estimate of the amount the insurer will 
collect from a negligent third party or their insurer after assuming the insured’s legal right to collect damages. 

Underwriting - the selection and assumption of risk for designated loss or damage arising from specified events by issuing a policy of 
insurance in respect thereof.  

Underwriting gain or loss - a non-IFRS measure calculating the profit or loss from the activity of taking on insurance risks, excluding 
the impact of the MYA.  

Claims incurred - the aggregate monetary amount of all claims paid during an accounting period adjusted by the change in the provision 
for unpaid claims for that accounting period together with the related loss adjustment expenses, net of recoveries from reinsurers.  

Combined ratio - a non-IFRS measure representing the percentage the claims and adjustment expenses plus the acquisition expenses 
and the administrative expenses are to net earned premium.  

Direct written premium (DWP) - a non-IFRS measure representing the total amount of premiums for new and renewal policies written 
during a specified period. 

Expense ratio - a non-IFRS measure representing the acquisition expenses plus administrative expenses to net earned premium, 
expressed as a percentage.  

Frequency of claims - the ratio of the number of claims files opened in a period to the total number of policies in force.  

General insurance - all types of insurance excluding life insurance and governmental insurance. Also known as property and casualty 
insurance. 

Government automobile insurers - automobile insurers owned or controlled by the governments of the provinces of Quebec, Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan and British Columbia.  

Incurred but not reported (IBNR) - the estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported by policyholders.  

Industry pools - consist of the “residual market” as well as mandatory risk-sharing pools (RSP) in Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, New 
Brunswick and Nova Scotia. These pools, managed by the Facility Association (FA), except for the Quebec RSP, provide automobile 
insurance to individuals who are otherwise unable to purchase such coverage from private insurers acting voluntarily. All insurance 
companies share in the results of the pool according to their market share. 

Liability insurance - insurance that serves to protect the insured from the financial consequences of damages claimed by third parties.  

Line of business - the major product groupings offered to the public. Co-operators General’s major lines of business are: automobile, 
home, commercial, and farm.  

Loss ratio - a non-IFRS measure representing the percentage incurred losses plus loss-adjustment expenses are to net earned premium; 
may be referred to as claims ratio.  

Market yield adjustment (MYA) - a non-IFRS measure representing the impact of changes in the discount provision on claims liabilities, 
the provision for adverse deviation (PFADs) and other discounting assumptions based on the change in the market-based yield of the 
underlying assets.  

Minimum Capital Test (MCT) - a non-IFRS measure representing the minimum and supervisory target capital standards established by 
OSFI for property and casualty insurance companies.  

Net earned premium (NEP) - the net written premium during the period, plus the unearned premiums reserve at the beginning of the 
period, less the unearned premiums reserve at the end of the period, net of any reinsurance.  

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CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  41   

 
 
RESPONSIBILITY FOR  
FINANCIAL REPORTING 

Management and the appointed actuary 

Management is responsible for the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the accuracy, integrity and 
objectivity of the information they contain. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of Canadian insurance regulators. The financial information presented elsewhere in 
the annual report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements, which necessarily 
include some amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and the opinion of the appointed actuary, have been prepared 
using careful judgment. 

To assist management in the discharge of these responsibilities, Co-operators General Insurance Company and its wholly owned 
subsidiaries, collectively known as “the Company”, maintain a system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that 
assets are safeguarded; that only valid and authorized transactions are executed; and that accurate, timely and comprehensive financial 
information is prepared. These controls are supported by policies and procedures and the careful selection and training of qualified staff. 
Further, management has a process in place to evaluate disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. 

The appointed actuary is appointed by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Insurance Companies Act (Canada). Among the appointed 
actuary’s responsibilities is the requirement to carry out an annual valuation of the Company’s insurance contracts in accordance with 
accepted actuarial practice and regulatory requirements for the purpose of reporting to shareholders and the Office of the Superintendent 
of Financial Institutions, Canada. Management is responsible for providing the appointed actuary the information necessary for completion 
of the annual valuations. The appointed actuary’s report follows. 

Audit Committee of the Board of Directors 

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, consisting entirely of non-executive, independent directors, is responsible for reviewing the 
accounting principles and practices employed by the Company and reviewing the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements 
prior to their submission to the Board of Directors for final approval. The Audit Committee meets no less than quarterly with the internal and 
external auditors, and management to review and discuss accounting, reporting and internal control matters. Both the internal and external 
auditors have full and unrestricted access to the Audit Committee, with and without the presence of management. The Audit Committee is 
responsible for recommending to the Board of Directors the appointment of the Company’s external auditors, the approval of their 
remuneration and the terms of their engagement. 

The consolidated financial statements have been examined independently by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, on behalf of the Company’s 
shareholders. The Independent Auditor’s Report is presented below and outlines the scope of their examination and expresses their 
opinion on the consolidated financial statements of the Company. 

Independent auditor’s report 

To the Shareholders of Co-operators General Insurance Company 

Our opinion 

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material 
respects, the financial position of Co-operators General Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (together, 
the Company) as at December 31, 2019 and 2018, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the 
years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

What we have audited 
The Company’s consolidated financial statements comprise: 













the consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2019 and 2018;

the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity for the years then ended;

the consolidated statements of income (loss) for the years then ended;

the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the years then ended;

the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended; and

the notes to the consolidated financial statements, which include a summary of significant
accounting policies.

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit 
of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Independence 
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada. We have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

(Signed)   

(Signed) 

Other information 

Robert Wesseling   
President and Chief Executive Officer  

February 13, 2020 

Karen Higgins 
Executive Vice-President, Finance 
and Chief Financial Officer 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the information, other than the consolidated financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon, included in the annual report. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 
PwC Tower, 18 York Street, Suite 2600, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 0B2 
T: +1 416 863 1133, F: +1 416 365 8215 

“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership. 

42  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the 
other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the 
consolidated financial statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is 
necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate 
the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as 
a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always 
detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 



Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements,
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk
of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from
error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the
override of internal control.











Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting
estimates and related disclosures made by management.

Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our
auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such
disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence
obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the
Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements,
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the
underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the consolidated financial
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit.
We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Claire Cornwall. 

(Signed) "PricewaterhouseCoopersLLP"

Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants 

Toronto, Ontario 
February 13, 2020 

44  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  45

APPOINTED ACTUARY’S REPORT 

To the Directors and Shareholders of Co-operators General Insurance Company:  

I have valued the policy liabilities of Co-operators General Insurance Company for its consolidated balance sheet as at December 31, 2019 
and their change in the consolidated statement of income (loss) for the year then ended in accordance with accepted actuarial practice in 
Canada, including selection of appropriate assumptions and methods. 

In my opinion, the amount of policy liabilities makes appropriate provision for all policy obligations and the financial statements fairly 
present the results of the valuation. 

(Signed) 

Apundeep Lamba 
Fellow, Canadian Institute of Actuaries 

Guelph, Ontario 
February 13, 2020 

CONSOLIDATED  
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
As at December 31 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Invested assets including securities on loan (note 5)

Premiums due

Income taxes recoverable

Reinsurance ceded contracts (note 9)

Deferred acquisition expenses (note 10)

Deferred income taxes (note 11)

Intangible assets (note 12)

Right-of-use assets (note 13)

Other assets (note 14)

Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued charges

Income taxes payable 

Insurance contracts (note 8)

Retirement benefit obligations (note 16)

Deferred income taxes (note 11)

Lease liabilities (note 13)

Provisions and other liabilities (note 15)

Shareholders' equity

Share capital (note 17)

Contributed capital

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income (note 20)

2019

$

2018

$

97,367

5,327,160

1,250,904

77

163,667

313,135

127,220

103,995

29,165

75,280

65,372

4,728,874

1,073,368

79,857

174,427

293,131

116,749

82,613

-

84,330

7,487,970

6,698,721

324,665

74,147

4,909,213

128,661

7,544

29,803

166,612

5,640,645

544,779

100,874

1,029,368

172,304

1,847,325

7,487,970

291,125

39

4,481,312

120,501

3,876

-

151,925

5,048,778

413,452

100,874

1,045,180

90,437

1,649,943

6,698,721

Contingencies, commitments and guarantees (note 28)

Approved by the Board of Directors: 

      (Signed) 

         John Harvie 
         Chairperson 

(Signed)   

Robert Wesseling 

     President and Chief Executive Officer 

                                           See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

46  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  47 

 
 
 
                     
                     
                
                
                
                
                           
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                              
                     
                     
                
                
                   
                   
                     
                           
                
                
                   
                   
                       
                       
                     
                              
                   
                   
                
                
                   
                   
                   
                   
                
                
                   
                     
                
                
                
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
           
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) 

Years ended December 31 

Years ended December 31 

2019

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Balance, beginning of year

Net income

Other comprehensive income

Comprehensive income

Staff share loan plan 

Preference shares issued

Preference shares redeemed 

Common shares issued

Dividends declared (note 17)

Acquisition of subsidiary 
   from a related party (note 26)

Balance, end of year

Accumulated

other

Total 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars except for earnings per share
   and weighted average number of common shares)

Share

capital

$

Contributed

Retained

comprehensive

shareholders'

Income

capital

earnings

$

$

income

$

equity

$

Net earned premium (note 7, 8, 22)

Net investment income and gains (note 5)

90,437

1,649,943

Fees and other income

413,452

100,874

-

-

-

123

10,171

(8,969)

130,002

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,045,180

174,026

-

174,026

-

-

(1,499)

-

(58,339)

(130,000)

-

81,867

81,867

-

-

-

-

-

-

174,026

81,867

255,893

123

10,171

(10,468)

130,002

(58,339)

(130,000)

544,779

100,874

1,029,368

172,304

1,847,325

Accumulated

Expenses

Claims and benefits

Ceded claims and benefits (note 9)

Premium and other taxes

Commissions and advisor compensation

Ceded commission (note 9)

General expenses (note 23)

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery) (note 11)

Net income (loss)

2018

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Share

capital

$

Contributed

Retained

comprehensive

shareholders'

Weighted average number of common shares (note 18)

 other

Total 

Earnings (losses) per share (note 18)

capital

$

earnings

$

income

$

equity

$

Balance, beginning of year

227,840

10,132

1,169,323

123,733

1,531,028

Net loss

Other comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss

Staff share loan plan 

Preference shares issued

Preference shares redeemed 

Common shares issued

Dividends declared (note 17)

Acquisition of subsidiary 
   from a related party (note 26)

Contribution of capital 

Balance, end of year

-

-

-

(720)

9,990

(5,358)

181,700

-

-

-

413,452

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

(37,107)

-

(37,107)

-

-

(555)

-

(10,348)

-

(36,332)

(36,332)

-

-

-

-

-

(37,107)

(36,332)

(73,439)

(720)

9,990

(5,913)

181,700

(10,348)

(9,258)

100,000

100,874

(76,133)

-

1,045,180

3,036

-

90,437

(82,355)

100,000

1,649,943

2019

$

3,274,723

272,084

9,251

3,556,058

2,380,022

(106,183)

116,253

665,109

(108,952)

395,658

2018

$

2,886,877

66,679

8,458

2,962,014

2,191,331

(81,940)

99,825

576,368

(85,073)

331,040

3,341,907

3,031,551

214,151

40,125

174,026

6.40

25,560

(69,537)

(32,430)

(37,107)

(2.03)

23,359

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

48  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  49 

 
 
               
               
            
                   
            
                         
                         
               
                           
               
                         
                         
                         
                   
                
                         
                         
               
                   
               
                     
                         
                         
                           
                     
                
                         
                         
                           
                
                 
                         
                 
                           
               
               
                         
                         
                           
               
                         
                         
               
                           
               
                         
                         
              
                           
              
               
               
            
                 
            
 
 
               
                
            
                 
            
                         
                         
               
                           
               
                         
                         
                         
                  
               
                         
                         
               
                  
               
                    
                         
                         
                           
                    
                  
                         
                         
                           
                  
                 
                         
                    
                           
                 
               
                         
                         
                           
               
                         
                         
               
                           
               
                         
                 
               
                    
               
                         
               
                         
                           
               
               
               
            
                   
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                
                   
                     
                       
                       
                
                
                
                
                  
                    
                   
                     
                   
                   
                  
                    
                   
                   
                
                
                   
                    
                     
                    
                   
                    
                        
                       
                     
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

Years ended December 31 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Net income (loss)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated statement of income:

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial assets

Net reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income (note 5)

Items that may be reclassified before income taxes

Income tax expense (recovery) relating to items that may be reclassified (note 11)

Items that will not be reclassified to the consolidated statement of income:

Remeasurement of the retirement benefit obligations (note 16)

Income tax expense (recovery) related to items that will not be reclassified (note 11)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss)

2019

$

174,026

203,476

(86,938)

116,538

32,348

84,190

(3,170)

(847)

(2,323)

81,867

255,893

2018

$

(37,107)

(66,604)

3,263

(63,341)

(18,677)

(44,664)

11,421

3,089

8,332

(36,332)

(73,439)

Years ended December 31 

(in thousands of Canadian dollars)

Operating activities

Net income (loss)

Items not requiring the use of cash (note 24)

Changes in non-cash operating components (note 24)

Cash provided by operating activities

Investing activities

Purchases and advances of:

Invested assets

Property and equipment

Intangible assets

   Acquisition of a subsidary from related party, net cash acquired (note 26)

Sales and redemptions of:

Invested assets

Property and equipment

Cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Share capital - preference shares issued (note 17)

Share capital - preference shares redeemed (note 17)

Share capital - common shares issued (note 17)

Contribution of capital 

Dividends paid (note 17)

Lease liabilities paid

Cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, net of payments in transit

Cash and cash equivalents, net of payments in transit, beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents, net of payments in transit, end of year

Cash

Cash equivalents

Net payments in transit, included in accounts payable and accrued charges

Cash and cash equivalents, net of payments in transit, end of year

Supplemental information (note 24)

2019

$

174,026

(66,528)

439,726

547,224

2018

$

(37,107)

86,268

172,820

221,981

(5,362,903)

(3,455,952)

(5,035)

(25,634)

-

4,959,271

2,156

(432,145)

10,171

(10,468)

-

-

(58,347)

(10,830)

(69,474)

45,605

8,644

54,249

77,447

19,920

(43,118)

54,249

(3,158)

(5,216)

(176,803)

3,115,688

1,578

(523,863)

9,990

(5,913)

181,700

100,000

(10,247)

-

275,530

(26,352)

34,996

8,644

21,411

43,961

(56,728)

8,644

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

50  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  51 

 
 
                   
                    
                   
                    
                    
                       
                   
                    
                     
                    
                     
                    
                      
                     
                        
                       
                      
                       
                     
                    
                   
                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
                    
                    
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                      
                      
                    
                      
                              
                  
                
                
                       
                       
                  
                  
                     
                       
                    
                      
                              
                   
                              
                   
                    
                    
                    
                              
                    
                   
                     
                    
                       
                     
                     
                       
                     
                     
                     
                     
                    
                    
                     
                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS 

1. Nature of operations 

Unless noted or the context indicates otherwise, in these notes “Company” refers to the Consolidated Co-operators General Insurance 
Company. CGIC refers to the Non-Consolidated Co-operators General Insurance Company. 

The Company is comprised of CGIC and its wholly owned subsidiaries: The Sovereign General Insurance Company (Sovereign), COSECO 
Insurance Company (COSECO), CUMIS General Insurance Company (CUMIS General), Co-operators Investment Limited Partnership 
(CILP), Co-operators Strategic Growth Corporation (CSGC) and Co-operators Insurance Agencies Limited (CIAL). 100% of the voting rights 
attached to all the outstanding voting shares or partnership interests of each of Sovereign, COSECO, CUMIS General, CILP, CSGC and 
CIAL are held by CGIC. CGIC acquired CUMIS General on April 1, 2018; refer to note 26 for further details. 

The registered office of the Company is 130 Macdonell Street, Guelph, Ontario. The Company is domiciled in Canada and is incorporated 
under the Insurance Companies Act (Canada). These consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 
2019 were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on February 13, 2020. 

CGIC and certain of its subsidiaries are licensed to write insurance in all provinces and territories in Canada. With the exception of CUMIS 
General, CGIC and certain of its subsidiaries are licensed to write all classes of insurance, other than life. CUMIS General is licensed to write 
property and casualty as well as accident and sickness insurance. AZGA Service Canada Inc. (AZGA Canada), an associate of Co-operators 
Life Insurance Company (CLIC), a company under common control, acts as Managing General Underwriter (MGU) with respect to the travel 
insurance underwritten by CUMIS General. CGIC and certain of its subsidiaries are regulated by the federal Insurance Companies Act and 
the various provincial insurance acts. The Company must comply with the accounting and reporting requirements of its regulator the Office of 
the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, Canada (OSFI). 

The Company’s common shares are 100% owned by Co-operators Financial Services Limited (CFSL), which in turn is owned 100% by The 
Co-operators Group Limited (CGL). The Class E preference shares, Series C are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol 
CCS.PR.C. 

2. Summary of significant accounting policies  

Basis of preparation and statement of compliance  

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 
References to IFRS are based on Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles for publicly accountable enterprises as set out in Part 
1 of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada (CPA) Handbook - Accounting.  Part 1 of the CPA Handbook incorporates IFRS and 
International Accounting Standards (IAS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).   

The consolidated balance sheet is presented on a non-classified basis. Assets expected to be realized and liabilities expected to be settled 
within the Company’s normal operating cycle of one year are typically considered to be current. Certain balances are comprised of both 
current and non-current amounts. The current and non-current portions of such balances are disclosed, where applicable, throughout the 
notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

Basis of measurement  

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention excluding certain financial instruments and 
insurance contract liabilities whose basis of measurement is disclosed in the following accounting policies. 

Insurance contracts 

Product classification 

Insurance contracts are those contracts that transfer significant insurance risk at the inception of the contract. Insurance risk is transferred 
when the Company agrees to compensate a policyholder if a specified uncertain future event, other than a change in a financial variable, 
adversely affects the policyholder. Any contracts, including reinsurance contracts that do not meet the definition of an insurance contract under 
IFRS are classified as investment contracts, or service contracts, as appropriate. Once a contract has been classified as an insurance contract, 
it remains an insurance contract for the remainder of its lifetime until all rights and obligations are extinguished or expire. The Company does 
not have investment contracts. 

Revenue recognition  

Premiums written for property and casualty insurance contracts are deferred as unearned premiums and recognized in the consolidated 
statements of income (loss) over the terms of the underlying policies. Premiums written are gross of any premium taxes and commissions. 

Fees and other income include commission revenue from the sale of insurance policies.  

Insurance contract liabilities 

Unearned premiums represent the portion of the premiums written relating to the period of insurance coverage subsequent to the consolidated 
balance sheet date. 

The provision for unpaid claims and adjustment expenses represents the estimated amount required to settle all reported and unreported 
claims incurred to the end of the year. These estimates are determined using the best information available for claims settlement patterns, 
inflation, expenses, changes in the legal and regulatory environment and other matters. The provision reflects the time value of money and is 
discounted based on the projected market yield of the assets backing the claims liability.  

Anticipated recoveries of amounts relating to reported and unreported claims for salvage and subrogation, net of any required provision for 
impairment, are included as an allowance in the measurement of the claims provision. Estimation of the amount of these recoveries is based 
on principles consistent with the Company’s method for establishing the related liability. 

Differences between the estimated cost and subsequent settlement of claims are recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) in 
the period in which they are settled or in which the provisions for claims outstanding are re-estimated. 

In the normal course of claims adjudication, the Company settles certain obligations to claimants through the purchase of annuities from third 
party life insurance companies under structured settlement arrangements (structured settlements). In accordance with OSFI Guideline D-5, 
these contracts are categorized as either Type 1 or Type 2 based on the characteristics of the claim settlement. When the Company does not 
retain a reversionary interest under the contractual arrangement to any current or future benefits of the annuity, and the Company has obtained 
a legal release of the obligation from the claimant, it will be classified as a Type 1 structured settlement. For such contracts, any gain or loss 
arising on the purchase of an annuity is recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) at the date of purchase and the related 
claims liabilities are derecognized. All other structured settlements that do not meet these criteria are classified as Type 2, with the Company 
recognizing the annuity contract in other investments within invested assets. A corresponding liability representing the outstanding obligation to 
the claimant is recognized in insurance contracts. 

The Company has established an experienced rated refund pool as part of its fidelity program. This program provides a mechanism for the 
accumulation and redistribution of funds if favourable experience exists within the program over a period of years. Refunds are determined 
based on the adequacy of the pool and the results of the fidelity operation. 

Liability adequacy test 

At each consolidated balance sheet date, an assessment is made of whether the insurance contract liabilities are adequate, using current 
estimates of future cash flows. If that assessment shows that the carrying amount of the liabilities is insufficient in light of the estimated future 
cash flows, the premium deficiency is recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss). An additional liability is set-up if a reduction 
in deferred acquisition expenses is insufficient. 

52  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Premiums due 

Presentation 

Premiums due represent receivables that are recognized when owed pursuant to the terms of the related insurance contract. Premiums due 
are measured on initial recognition at the fair value of the consideration receivable and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets net of 
any impairment losses. Premiums due are classified as loans and receivables. 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets when there is a legally enforceable 
right to offset the recognized amounts and there is the ability and intention to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously. 

Acquisition expenses 

Recognition and measurement 

Acquisition expenses are comprised of commissions and premium taxes, which relate directly to the acquisition of premiums. These expenses 
are deferred and amortized over the terms of the related policies to the extent that they are considered to be recoverable from unearned 
premiums, after considering the anticipated claims, expenses and investment income related to the unearned premiums. If a premium 
deficiency arises, any deferred acquisition expenses would be written off first, then a liability would be recorded on the consolidated balance 
sheets for any remainder. 

Reinsurance 

Premiums payable in respect of reinsurance ceded are recognized over the period in which the reinsurance contract is entered into and are 
based on the underlying insurance contracts to which they relate. Ceded premiums are expensed in the consolidated statements of income 
(loss) on a pro-rata basis over the term of the reinsurance contract. 

Reinsurance ceded assets and liabilities are recognized and together reflect the net amount estimated to be recoverable under the Company’s 
reinsurance contracts in respect of outstanding claims reported within insurance contracts. The amount recoverable is initially valued on the 
same basis as the underlying insurance contract. The amount recoverable is reduced when events or conditions arise after the initial 
recognition of the asset that provide objective evidence that the Company may not receive all amounts due under the contract. 

Reinsurance commissions are recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) over the term of the reinsurance contract using 
principles consistent with the Company’s method of recording acquisition expenses. The Company has in place certain reinsurance contracts in 
which the commission has a floor and a ceiling based on the loss experience on the business ceded under the contract. Commissions are 
estimated based on the experience of these contracts. 

The Company also assumes reinsurance risk in the normal course of business. Premiums and claims on assumed reinsurance are recognized 
as revenue or expenses in the same manner as they would be if the reinsurance contract was considered direct business. Liabilities arising 
under these contracts are estimated in a manner consistent with the related insurance contract and are included as components of insurance 
contracts. 

Financial instrument contracts 

Classification and designation 

Financial assets are classified as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), available-for-sale (AFS), held-to-maturity (HTM), or loans and 
receivables based on their characteristics and purpose of their acquisition. Certain financial assets may be designated as FVTPL at the 
Company’s option. Financial liabilities are required to be classified as FVTPL or other financial liabilities.  

The Company has classified its investment in stocks, bonds, pooled funds and derivatives as either AFS or FVTPL with the exception of private 
debt bonds which are classified as HTM. Investments in limited partnerships are classified as AFS. Certain bonds backing unpaid claims and 
adjustment expenses have been designated as FVTPL. Certain shares that contain embedded derivatives are designated as FVTPL. The fair 
value option may be used when such a designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch caused by measuring assets 
and liabilities on different bases or when instruments are measured and managed on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk 
management strategy. If a contract contains embedded derivatives, the entire combined hybrid contract may be designated as FVTPL. The 
Company’s FVTPL designations comply with these requirements.  

Mortgages and other investments are classified as loans and receivables. Short-term investments, which include money market instruments 
with a maturity of greater than three months from the date of acquisition, are classified as AFS and HTM. Currency derivatives and cash and 
cash equivalents are classified as FVTPL. Accounts payable and accrued charges, as well as borrowings are classified as other financial 
liabilities with interest expense, if any, recorded in general expenses.  

Purchases and sales of invested assets classified as FVTPL, AFS, HTM or loans and receivables are recorded on a trade date basis, the date 
on which the Company commits to purchase or sell the investment. 

Financial assets are measured at fair value, with the exception of HTM assets and loans and receivables. Assets classified as HTM or loans 
and receivables are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less 
provision for impairment losses, if any. Any premium or discount on the acquisition of bonds is included in the calculation of the effective 
interest rate. Financial liabilities are measured at fair value when they are classified as FVTPL. Other financial liabilities are initially recognized 
at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. 

Changes in the fair value of FVTPL financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in net income (loss) for the year, while changes in 
the fair value of AFS financial assets are reported within other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI), until the related instrument is disposed of or 
becomes impaired. Net foreign exchange gains and losses for FVTPL and monetary AFS financial instruments are recognized in net income 
(loss), while net foreign exchange gains and losses for non-monetary financial instruments classified as AFS are recognized in OCI. 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) is included in the consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of shareholders’ 
equity (net of income taxes) and includes unrealized gains and losses on AFS financial assets. The cumulative gains or losses in the fair values 
of investments previously recognized in AOCI are reclassified to net income (loss) when they are realized or impaired.  

Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from them have expired or when the Company has transferred 
substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. 

Fair value 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants 
at the measurement date. Fair value measurements for invested assets are categorized into levels within a fair value hierarchy based on the 
nature of valuation inputs (Level 1, 2 or 3). 

The fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities is considered to be the carrying value when they are of short duration or when the 
instrument’s interest rate approximates current observable market rates. Where other financial assets and financial liabilities are of longer 
duration, fair value is determined using the discounted cash flow method using discount rates based on adjusted observable market rates. 

Impairment of financial assets 

The Company reviews its AFS investment portfolio on a quarterly basis, at a minimum, for any declines in fair value below cost, and recognizes 
any losses in net income (loss) where there is objective evidence of impairment. 

The Company assesses whether there is potential impairment of an AFS financial asset by assessing whether there is a significant or 
prolonged decline in fair value below cost. For equity instruments, the Company considers a decline of 20% to be significant and a period of 
twelve months to be prolonged. When assessing whether there is potential impairment of instruments other than equity instruments, factors 
that are considered include, but are not limited to: a decline in current financial position; defaults on debt obligations; failure to meet debt 
covenants; significant downgrades of credit status, and severity and/or duration of the decline in value. An impairment loss is recorded through 
a reclassification adjustment to the consolidated statements of income (loss).  

Impairments of AFS equity instruments cannot be reversed through the consolidated statements of income (loss) until the instrument is 
disposed of. Impairments of AFS debt instruments are only reversed if, in a subsequent period, the fair value increases and the increase can 
be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss). 

54  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  55 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Financial assets include mortgages and other investments classified as loans and receivables that are also evaluated for impairment. These 
financial assets are considered impaired when there is objective evidence of deterioration in credit quality that indicates the Company no longer 
has reasonable assurance that the full amount of principal and interest will be collected. The Company then establishes specific provisions for 
losses and balances are subsequently measured at their net realizable amount based on discounting the cash flows at the original effective 
interest rate inherent in the loan or the fair value of the underlying security. If the Company determines that no objective evidence of impairment 
exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it collectively assesses the assets for impairment. Assets that are 
individually assessed for impairment, and for which an impairment loss is or continues to be recognized, are not included in a collective 
assessment of impairment. Changes in present value of estimated future cash flows of impaired loans are recognized in net investment income 
and gains as a credit or charge to impairment losses. 

Derivative financial instruments 

Derivatives are classified as FVTPL and transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. There are no derivatives designated as a hedge for 
accounting purposes. Derivatives are recognized at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. The gains and losses arising from 
remeasuring the derivatives at fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) in net investment income and gains. 
Positive fair values are reported in invested assets as foreign currency forward contracts, and negative fair values are reported in provisions 
and other liabilities. 

Embedded derivatives 

An embedded derivative is a component of a hybrid (combined) instrument that also includes a non-derivative host contract. Some of the cash 
flows of the combined instrument vary in a way similar to a stand-alone derivative. An embedded derivative causes some or all of the cash 
flows that otherwise would be required by the contract to be modified according to a specified financial variable. Derivatives embedded in other 
financial instruments or contracts are separated from their host contracts and accounted for as derivatives when: (i) their economic 
characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contract; (ii) the terms of the embedded derivative are the same as those of 
a free standing derivative; (iii) the combined instrument or contract is not measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognized 
in net income (loss); and (iv) the fair value of the embedded derivative can be reliably measured on a separate basis. These embedded 
derivatives are classified as FVTPL financial assets and liabilities with changes in fair value recognized in net income (loss) as a component of 
net investment income and gains. 

Investments under securities lending program 

Securities lending transactions are entered into on a collateralized basis. The securities lent are not derecognized on the Company’s 
consolidated balance sheets given that the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred from the Company to the counterparties in the 
course of such transactions. Securities received from counterparties as collateral are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance 
sheets given that the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred from the counterparties to the Company in the course of such 
transactions. 

Revenue and expense recognition 

Included within net investment income and gains are dividend and interest income. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date and 
interest income, which includes amortization of premiums or discounts, is recognized using the effective interest method. Realized gains and 
losses on the sale of investments are computed using the average cost of investments, net of any impairment charges, and are recognized in 
net investment income and gains on the date of sale.  

Transaction costs for AFS financial assets and loans and receivables are recorded as part of the purchase cost of the asset. Transaction costs 
for financial liabilities classified as other than FVTPL are included in the value of the instrument at issue. Transaction costs for FVTPL financial 
instruments are expensed as incurred in the consolidated statements of income (loss).  

Other significant accounting policies 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition. 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Property and equipment 

Computer equipment, furniture and equipment, and leasehold improvements are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and 
accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying value when it is probable that future economic benefits 
associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be reliably measured. All repairs and maintenance costs are 
charged to the consolidated statements of income (loss) during the year in which they occur.  

Property and equipment balances are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives as follows: 

Computer equipment

Furniture and equipment

Leasehold improvements

Term

3 years

10 years

Lesser of 5 years and terms of related lease

Leasehold projects in progress are carried at cost and amortization commences upon completion of the project.  

Impairment reviews are performed when there are indicators that the carrying value of an asset may exceed its recoverable amount. The 
recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Impairment losses are recognized in the 
consolidated statements of income (loss) as an expense. In the event that the value of a previously impaired asset recovers, the previously 
recognized impairment loss is recovered in the consolidated statements of income (loss) at that time. 

Property and equipment are derecognized upon disposal or when no further future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. 
Gains and losses on disposal are determined by comparing the proceeds with the net carrying value and are recorded in the consolidated 
statements of income (loss). Fully depreciated property and equipment are retained in cost and accumulated amortization accounts until such 
assets are removed from service. 

Useful lives, amortization rates and residual values are reviewed annually and are taken into consideration when determining the depreciable 
amounts of the property and equipment. 

Leases 

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company has adopted IFRS 16 in its consolidated financial statements. Below is a discussion of the current 
accounting policy, and the accounting policy applicable before January 1, 2019. The impact of the changes and the Company’s elections on 
transition are disclosed in note 3. 

Policy applicable on and after January 1, 2019 

At the inception of a contract, the Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the 
contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To determine whether a 
contract contains the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time, the Company determines whether it has the right to 
obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. An 
identified asset is physically distinct and can be specified explicitly or implicitly.  

The Company has elected not to separate lease components from non-lease components in a lease. This policy applies to contracts entered 
into, or changed, on or after January 1, 2019.  

At the commencement of a lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset is initially measured 
at cost. Cost includes the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus 
any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle or restore the underlying asset, less any lease incentives received.  

The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. The lease term 
includes the non-cancellable period of the lease including extension and termination options if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise 
the option. The right-of-use asset is adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability and impairment losses. 

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments for the remainder of the lease term, discounted using the 
interest rate implicit in the lease if known or, if that rate is not readily determinable, the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Payments that 
are variable in nature and do not represent in-substance fixed payments have been excluded from the lease payments and are included in the 
consolidated statements of income (loss) under general expenses. 

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CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

In determining the lease term, management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension 
option, or not to exercise a termination option. The lease term includes the non-cancellable period of the lease including extension and 
termination options if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option.  

The lease liability is amortized using the interest rate implicit in the lease if known, or if that rate is not readily determinable, the Company’s 
incremental borrowing rate. It is remeasured when there is a change in the Company’s estimate of whether it will exercise an extension or 
termination option. If the lease liability is remeasured, a corresponding adjustment is made to the right-of-use asset. 

Policy applicable before January 1, 2019 

Leases of property and equipment where the Company was not exposed to substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership were 
classified as operating leases. Incentives received from the lessor were deferred and amortized to the consolidated statements of income (loss) 
on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Where substantially all of the risks and rewards had been transferred to the Company, the 
lease was classified as a finance lease. In these cases, a liability and an asset were recognized based on the present value of the future 
minimum lease payments and the balances were amortized over the lease term and useful life, respectively. 

Business acquisitions and consolidation 

The Company measures goodwill as the fair value of the consideration transferred, including the recognized amount of any non-controlling 
interest in the acquiree, less the net recognized amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all 
measured as of the acquisition date. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in net income (loss). 

The Company elects, on a transaction-by-transaction basis, whether to measure non-controlling interest at its fair value, or at its proportionate 
share of the recognized amount of the identifiable net assets, at the acquisition date. Transaction costs that the Company incurs in connection 
with a business combination, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred.  

IFRS 3 “Business Combinations” excludes from its scope the combination of entities or businesses under common control. Therefore, in 
accordance with IAS 8 “Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors”, the Company has considered various other sources 
of guidance and has elected to record the acquisition of businesses under common control using the pre-acquisition date book values for their 
assets and liabilities and will not apply the measurement principles of IFRS 3; the difference between fair value and book value will be recorded 
through equity. Consistent with IFRS 3, the results of the Company prior to the acquisition date will not be restated. 

Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries are all entities over which CGIC has control. CGIC controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from 
its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of 
subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. The 
accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed when necessary to align them with the policies adopted by CGIC. 

Place of business

Ownership interest and
voting rights held by the
Company

The Sovereign General Insurance Company

COSECO Insurance Company

CUMIS General Insurance Company

Co-operators Investment Limited Partnership

Co-operators Insurance Agencies Limited

Co-operators Strategic Growth Corporation

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

Canada

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

Principal activities

Property & casualty insurance

Property & casualty insurance

Property & casualty insurance

Investment partnership

Licensed insurance agency

Licensed insurance agency  

Investments in associates and joint ventures 
Associates are those entities over which the Company has significant influence, but not control. Significant influence is considered to be held 
where the Company has the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not have control or 
joint control over those policies. Significant influence is generally presumed to exist when the Company holds between 20 and 50 percent of 
the voting power of another entity.   

Joint ventures are joint arrangements where the parties have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. A joint arrangement is where two or 
more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control, which exists only when decisions about the relevant 
activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. 

Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (equity accounted investees) and are recognized 
initially at cost. The Company’s investment includes goodwill identified on acquisition and is presented net of any accumulated impairment 
losses. The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s share of the income, expenses and equity movements of equity 
accounted investees, after adjustments to align the accounting policies with those of the Company, from the date that significant influence or 
joint control commences until the date that significant influence or joint control ceases. When the Company’s share of losses exceeds its 
interest in an equity accounted investee, the carrying amount of that interest, including any long-term investments, is reduced to nil, and the 
recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Company has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the 
investee. 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 
Intra-company balances and transactions, and any unrealized income and expenses arising from intra-company transactions, are eliminated in 
preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated 
against the investment to the extent of the Company’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized 
gains, unless the transaction provides evidence of impairment. 

Intangible assets 

Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently when an event or circumstance occurs that indicates 
goodwill might be impaired. Testing for impairment is accomplished by determining if the carrying value of a cash-generating unit (CGU) 
exceeds its recoverable amount at the assessment date. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are 
largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Each of those CGUs represents the Company’s investment by 
legal entity. The assets constituting the CGU to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment prior to testing the goodwill for 
impairment. Any impairment loss on these assets is recognized in the consolidated statements of income (loss) prior to testing the CGU 
containing goodwill for impairment. 

If the carrying value of a CGU, including the allocated goodwill, exceeds its recoverable amount, the amount of the goodwill impairment is 
measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the CGU over its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of its fair value 
less costs to sell or its value in use. Should the carrying value exceed the recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognized in the 
consolidated statements of income (loss) at that time. The estimate of recoverable amount required for the impairment test is sensitive to the 
cash flow projections and the assumptions used in the valuation model. Previously recorded impairment losses for goodwill are not reversed in 
future periods. 

Finite life intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives and are carried at cost less accumulated 
amortization and impairment. Finite life intangible assets are tested for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying 
value may not be recoverable. Indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized but are evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently 
when an event or circumstance occurs that indicates impairment. An impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the asset’s carrying 
amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell or value in use. For the 
purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows, which are 
CGUs. 

For intangible assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each balance sheet date as to whether there is any indication that 
previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company makes an 
estimate of the recoverable amount. A previous impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine 
the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. If that is the case, the carrying amount of the asset or 
CGU is increased to its recoverable amount. That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net 
of amortization, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset or CGU in prior years.   

The details of the Company’s accounting policy as it applies to each intangible asset group is as follows:  

Goodwill

Licenses

Brand

Customer relationships 

Software

Term

Indefinite life, not amortized

Indefinite life, not amortized

Indefinite life, not amortized

5 - 10 years

2 - 5 years

Software consists primarily of internally generated software development costs.  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Assets held for sale and discontinued operations 

Foreign currency translation  

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as assets held for sale when the Company expects the carrying amount to be recovered 
through a sales transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is satisfied when the asset or disposal group is available for 
immediate sale in its present condition and the sale is highly probable. Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are 
measured at the lower of their previous carrying amounts, prior to being reclassified, and fair value less costs to sell. Liabilities directly 
associated with the held for sale assets of a disposal group are presented separately from liabilities related to continuing operations. 

A disposal group is classified as a discontinued operation if it meets the following conditions: (i) it is a component that can be distinguished 
operationally and financially from the rest of the Company’s operations, and (ii) it represents either a separate major line of business or is part 
of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations. Disposal groups classified as 
discontinued operations are presented separately from the Company’s continuing operations in its consolidated statements of income (loss), 
consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statements of cash flows. 

Retirement benefit obligations 

Retirement benefit obligations include pensions, medical and dental benefits and certain other benefits to qualifying individuals. The primary 
pension plan is a defined contribution plan.  

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays specified contributions into a separate entity and will 
have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are 
recognized as an employee benefit expense in general expenses in the consolidated statements of income (loss) in the periods during which 
services are rendered by employees.  

The other benefit plans are benefit obligations which are accounted for using the projected unit credit method. The expected costs of retirement 
benefit obligations are expensed during the years that the employees render services and an accrued post-employment benefit obligation is 
recognized. The obligation is determined by application of the terms of the plans together with relevant actuarial assumptions. There are no 
employee contributions to the other-than-pension benefits plan. The plans are not funded. Net interest on the accrued benefit liability is 
recognized in general expenses in the consolidated statements of income (loss).   

The effects of remeasurement of retirement benefit obligations, including differences between the actual return on plan assets and the interest 
income on plan assets, and actuarial gain and loss, are recognized permanently in OCI. Past service costs are recognized in the consolidated 
statements of income (loss) at the earlier of when the amendment or curtailment occurs or when the Company recognizes related restructuring 
or termination benefits, where applicable. 

Borrowings 

Functional and presentation currency 
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, 
which is CGIC’s functional and the Company’s presentation currency. 

Transactions and balances 
The Company translates all foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities into Canadian dollars at year-end foreign exchange rates. Revenue 
and expenses are translated at the prevailing foreign exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Exchange gains and losses are recognized 
in the consolidated statements of income (loss) with the exception of unrealized gains and losses associated with non-monetary financial 
assets, such as equities classified as AFS, which are recorded in OCI. 

Income taxes 

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, the provision for income taxes is calculated 
based on income tax laws and rates enacted and substantively enacted as at the consolidated balance sheet date. The income tax provision is 
comprised of current and deferred income taxes. Current income taxes are amounts expected to be payable or recoverable as a result of 
current year operations. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the accounting and tax basis of 
assets and liabilities. A deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable the benefit of losses and deductions will be 
available to be carried forward to future years for income tax purposes. Current and deferred income taxes are recorded in the consolidated 
statements of income (loss), except for those items that are associated with components of OCI. In those cases, the applicable tax is also 
recorded in OCI. 

Share capital 

Shares are classified as equity when there is no obligation to transfer cash or other assets. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of 
equity instruments are shown in shareholders’ equity as a deduction from the proceeds, net of tax. 

Use of estimates and judgments 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported 
amounts of assets, liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the consolidated balance sheet date and the reported 
amounts of revenues and expenses during the year. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements also requires management to 
exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or 
complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in the notes for 
the respective account balances. 

Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of any transaction costs incurred. Subsequently, borrowings are carried at amortized cost. 
Debt issuance transaction costs are amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method.  

Significant estimates and assumptions include the following: 

Provisions  

Provisions are recognized when: (i) the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, (ii) it is more likely 
than not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, (iii) and the amount can be reliably estimated.  

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that 
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to the 
passage of time is recognized as interest expense and classified as a general expense in the consolidated statements of income (loss). 

Provision for advisor transition commissions 

The Company’s advisors are eligible for a transition commission payout on a qualifying termination. The transition commission liability is based 
on the number of years of service as an advisor and the advisor’s average trailing commission volume. Payments to terminated advisors are 
funded in part from reduced commission payments which are made to advisors assuming the rights to the book of business during the first 
three years of their agency relationship. The obligation to active advisors is determined by accruing for the benefits earned to date on a present 
value basis assuming the cash flows associated with the earned benefits are paid out at the expected termination date. 

Valuation of insurance contracts 
The Company makes certain assumptions, which include discount rates and the future development of claims. Note 7(b) discloses the revised 
estimate of prior year unpaid claims and adjustment expenses. The Company’s sensitivity of unpaid claims and after-tax net income to changes 
in best estimate assumptions are disclosed in note 7(f). 

Provision for advisor transition commissions 
The provision for advisor transition commissions includes an obligation to active advisors determined by accruing for the benefits earned to 
date. The Company makes certain assumptions in determining the present value of the cash flows associated with the earned benefits. Note 
15 discloses the significant assumptions used to estimate the provision, which include discount rate and average termination age. 

Valuation of other benefit plan obligation 
The cost of the other benefit plan obligation is calculated by the Company’s independent actuaries using assumptions determined by 
management. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, future inflation, mortality rates, and health and dental 
cost trends. If actuarial experience differs from the assumptions used, the expected obligation could increase or decrease in future years. Note 
16 discloses the significant assumptions used to estimate the defined benefit obligation.  

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Significant judgments include the following: 

Annual Improvements 2015–2017 Cycle 

Impairment of financial instruments 
The Company assesses AFS financial instruments for objective evidence of impairment at each reporting date. Objective evidence of 
impairment includes a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value or net asset value below cost or when a loss event that has a reliably 
estimable impact on the future cash flows of the financial instrument has occurred. The determination of what is significant or prolonged 
requires judgment. In making this judgment, we evaluate factors including, but not limited to: a decline in current financial position; defaults on 
debt obligations; failure to meet debt covenants; significant downgrades of credit status, and severity and/or duration of the decline in value. 

Annual Improvements 2015–2017 Cycle was issued in December 2017 by the IASB and included minor amendments to IFRS 3 "Business 
Combinations", IFRS 11 "Joint Arrangements", IAS 12 "Income Taxes", and IAS 23 "Borrowing Costs". The annual improvements process is 
used to make necessary but non-urgent changes to IFRS that are not included in other projects. The amendments issued are all effective for 
annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The Company has determined there are no impacts of these amendments on its 
consolidated financial statements. 

3. Adoption of new and amended accounting standards 

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the following new and amended accounting standards: 

IFRS 16 "Leases"  

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 to replace IAS 17 “Leases” and related interpretations by the International Financial Reporting 
Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize right-of-use assets 
and related liabilities for all leases unless the lease term is 12 months or less, or the underlying asset has a low value. 

The standard has been adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019. The Company has elected to apply IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial 
statements using the modified retrospective approach. As a result, comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported 
under IAS 17. 

As of January 1, 2019, the Company determined the impact to the consolidated balance sheet included an increase to assets and liabilities of 
$35,764. 

The Company used the following practical expedients when applying IFRS 16 to leases previously classified as operating leases 
under IAS 17: 
• 

Elected to grandfather the assessment of which transactions are leases. The Company did not reassess whether a contract is, or 
contains, a lease at the date of initial application, but rather applied IFRS 16 to contracts that were previously identified as leases 
under IAS 17; 
Applied a single discount rate to a portfolio of leases with similar characteristics; 

• 
•  Relied on its assessment of the whether leases were onerous immediately before the date of initial application in accordance with 

IAS 37, as an alternative to performing an impairment review; 
Excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the date of initial application; and 

• 
•  Used hindsight in its determination of the right-to-use asset and lease liability in determining if the lease term of the contract contains 

an option to extend or terminate the lease. 

4. Accounting standards issued but not yet applied 

IFRS 7 "Financial Instruments: Disclosures"  

In December 2011, IFRS 7 was amended to require additional financial instrument disclosures upon transition from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. The 
amendments are effective upon adoption of IFRS 9, which is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. However, in 
September 2016, IFRS 4 was amended to provide an option of a temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 for entities whose predominant 
activity is issuing insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4. Therefore, qualifying entities will have the option to adopt IFRS 9 upon the 
adoption of IFRS 17. The Company qualifies for a temporary exemption; thus, IFRS 7 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2022 (expected). The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial 
statements. 

IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments"  

IFRS 9 was issued in July 2014 and is intended to replace IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”. IFRS 9 is a three 
part standard aimed at reducing complexity in reporting financial instruments. The project has been divided into three phases: Phase 1 
Classification and measurement, Phase 2 Impairment and Phase 3 Hedge accounting. Phase 1 was issued in November 2009 and amended in 
October 2010. It requires financial assets to be recorded at amortized cost or fair value depending on the entity’s business model for managing 
the assets and their associated cash flow characteristics. All financial assets are to be measured at fair value on the balance sheet if they are 
not measured at amortized cost. At initial recognition, an entity may irrevocably designate a financial asset as measured at (FVTPL) if doing so 
eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities 
or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases. Phase 2 was completed in July 2014 and introduced a new expected loss 
impairment methodology that will result in more timely recognition of impairment losses. Phase 3 was completed in November 2013. This 
phase replaces the rule-based hedge accounting requirements in IAS 39 to more closely align the accounting with risk management activities.  

The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. However, in September 2016, IFRS 4 was amended to 
provide an option of a temporary exemption from applying IFRS 9 for entities whose predominant activity is issuing insurance contracts within 
the scope of IFRS 4. Therefore, qualifying entities will have the option to adopt IFRS 9 upon the adoption of IFRS 17. The Company qualifies 
for temporary exemption; thus, IFRS 9 is expected effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022 (expected). The Company 
is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

In determining the lease liability on January 1, 2019, the Company used the rate implicit in the lease if known, otherwise it applied the 
incremental borrowing rate to the portfolio of leases. The weighted average discount rate as of January 1, 2019 was 2.82%. 

IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts"  

The additional disclosures related to the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities can be found in note 13. 

IFRIC 23 "Uncertainty of Income Tax Treatment" 

IFRIC 23 was issued in June 2017 and is intended to clarify the accounting for uncertainties in income taxes. The interpretation addresses the 
determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income 
tax treatments under IAS 12. It specifically considers whether tax treatments should be considered collectively; assumptions for taxation 
authorities' examinations; the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates; and the 
effect of changes in facts and circumstances. The Company has determined there are no impacts of these amendments on its consolidated 
financial statements. 

IAS 19 "Employee Benefits" 

IAS 19 was amended in February 2018 and clarifies that if a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurs, it will be mandatory that the 
current service cost and the net interest for the period after the remeasurement be determined using the assumptions used in the 
remeasurement. The amendments also clarify the effect of a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement on the requirements regarding the 
asset ceiling. The Company has determined there are no impacts of these amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 

IFRS 17 was issued in May 2017 and will replace IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts”. The intent of the standard is to establish consistent 
recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure principles to provide relevant and comparable reporting of insurance contracts across 
jurisdictions. 

The standard requires entities to measure insurance contract liabilities as the risk-adjusted present value of the cash flows plus the contractual 
service margin, which represents the unearned profit the entity will recognize as future service is provided. This is referred to as the general 
model. Expedients are specified, provided the insurance contracts meet certain conditions. If, at initial recognition or subsequently, the 
contractual service margin becomes negative, the contract is considered onerous and the excess is recognized immediately in the consolidated 
statements of income (loss). The standard also includes significant changes to the presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts within 
entities’ financial statements. 

In December 2018, the IASB voted in favour of deferring the effective date of IFRS 17 from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2021 to January 1, 2022 (expected). The standard is to be applied retrospectively unless impracticable, in which case a modified 
retrospective approach or fair value approach is to be used for transition. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will 
have on its consolidated financial statements. 

62  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

IFRS 3 "Business Combinations" 

5. Invested assets and net investment income and gains (losses) 

IFRS 3 was amended in October 2018 to revise the definition of a business and provide a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of 
activities and assets qualifies as a business. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The 
Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements in the event of a business 
acquisition. 

a) Invested assets  

IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and IAS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors" 

December 31, 2019

Fair value

Amortized cost

Carrying value

Classified

Designated

Loans and

AFS
$

FVTPL
$

FVTPL
$

receivables
$

Other
$

Total
$

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" and IAS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors" 
were issued in October 2018. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The amendments 
update the definition of 'material' and the meaning of 'primary users of general purpose financial statements'. The Company is currently 
evaluating the impact that these amendments will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 

In March 2018, the IASB revised its conceptual framework for financial reporting. The revised framework includes a new chapter on 
measurement, guidance on reporting financial performance, improved definitions and guidance, and clarifications on important topics (e.g., the 
roles of stewardship, prudence, and measurement uncertainty in financial reporting). The IASB has also issued amendments that update 
references to the framework in certain standards. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The 
Company is currently evaluating the impact these amendments will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

Bonds

Federal

Provincial

Municipal

Corporate

Asset-backed securities

Stocks

Canadian common

Canadian preferred

U.S. equities

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages

Other investments

Investment income due and accrued

840,643

1,045,533

10,489

814,994

73,011

2,784,670

744,208

-

184,964

929,172
75,944

188,358

195,510

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

-

4,882

-

-

-

38,085

36,386

-

57,205

9,053

140,729

-

430,025

-

430,025
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Total invested assets

4,173,654

4,882

570,754

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-
-

-

-

-

521,887

9,867

30,894

562,648

-

-

-

348

-

348

-

-

-

-
14,874

-

-

-

-

-

-

878,728

1,081,919

10,489

872,547

82,064

2,925,747

744,208

430,025

184,964

1,359,197
90,818

188,358

195,510

4,882

521,887

9,867

30,894

15,222

5,327,160

64  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
                     
            
                     
                     
               
       
                     
            
                     
                     
            
            
                     
                     
                     
                     
                
          
                     
            
                     
                
               
            
                     
              
                     
                     
                
       
                     
          
                     
                
            
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
                     
                     
          
                     
                     
               
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
          
                     
          
                     
                     
            
            
                     
                     
                     
            
                
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
                     
              
                     
                     
                     
                  
                     
                     
                     
          
                     
               
                     
                     
                     
              
                     
                  
                     
                     
                     
            
                     
                
       
              
          
          
            
            
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Fair value

Classified
FVTPL
$

AFS
$

Amortized cost

Carrying value

Designated
FVTPL
$

Loans and
receivables
$

Other
$

Total
$

about the information that would be used by market participants in pricing assets or liabilities. To verify pricing, the Company assesses the 
reasonability of the fair values by comparing to industry accepted valuation models, to movements in credit spreads and to recent transaction 
prices for similar assets where available. Mortgages are measured at amortized cost and their fair value, valuation technique and inputs are 
disclosed under note 5(e).  

December 31, 2018

Bonds

Federal

Provincial

Municipal

Corporate

Asset-backed securities

Stocks

Canadian common

Canadian preferred

U.S. equities

Foreign equities

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages

Other investments

Investment income due and accrued

799,140

854,380

30,116

812,132

73,432

2,569,200

567,307

-

155,929

3,912

727,148

89,274

137,433

179,484

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,683

-

-

-

40,182

35,438

-

49,761

8,976

134,357

-

395,598

-

-

395,598

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

443,059

13,990

27,040

484,089

-

-

-

430

-

430

-

-

-

-

-

10,178

-

-

-

-

-

-

839,322

889,818

30,116

862,323

82,408

2,703,987

567,307

395,598

155,929

3,912

1,122,746

99,452

137,433

179,484

1,683

443,059

13,990

27,040

10,608

4,728,874

Total invested assets

3,702,539

1,683

529,955

At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the securities on loan included in invested assets above consists of $75,726 (2018 - $54,967) in stocks 
and $715,678 (2018 - $395,210) in bonds. 

b) Investments - measured at fair value 

The Company is responsible for determining the fair value of its investment portfolio by utilizing market-driven measurements obtained from 
active markets where available, by considering other observable and unobservable inputs and by employing valuation techniques that make 
use of current market data. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are measured and classified in a 
hierarchy consisting of three levels for disclosure purposes. The three levels are based on the significance and reliability of the inputs to the 
respective valuation techniques. The input levels are defined as follows: 

Level 1 - Quoted prices  

Represents unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments exchanged in active markets. The fair value is determined based on quoted 
prices in active markets obtained from external pricing sources.  

Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs 

Includes directly or indirectly observable inputs other than quoted prices for identical instruments exchanged in active markets. These inputs 
include quoted prices for similar instruments exchanged in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments exchanged in 
inactive markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the instruments, such as interest rates and yield curves, volatilities, 
prepayment spreads, credit risks and default rates where available; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable 
market data by correlation or other means. Consistent with market participants, the Company determines the fair values of foreign exchange 
forward contracts by using a discounted cash flow valuation technique using observable market data.  

Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs 

Includes inputs that are not based on observable market data. Management is required to use its own assumptions regarding unobservable 
inputs as there is little, if any, market activity in these assets or liabilities or related observable inputs that can be corroborated at the 
measurement date. Unobservable inputs require significant management judgment or estimation to make certain projections and assumptions 

The following summarizes how fair values were determined for recurring measurements: 

December 31, 2019

AFS

Bonds

Stocks

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

FVTPL

Bonds
Stocks 

Foreign currency forward contracts

Total invested assets at fair value

FVTPL

Foreign currency forward contracts (note 15)

Total financial liabilities at fair value

December 31, 2018

AFS

Bonds

Stocks

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

FVTPL

Bonds

Stocks 

Foreign currency forward contracts

Total invested assets at fair value

FVTPL

Foreign currency forward contracts (note 15)

Total financial liabilities at fair value

Level 1 -

Level 2 -

Level 3 -

Significant

Significant

other observable

unobservable

Total

Quoted prices

$

-

927,292

-

-

-

inputs

$

2,784,670

-

75,944

-

195,510

inputs

fair value

$

-

-

-

188,358

-

$

2,784,670

927,292

75,944

188,358

195,510

927,292

3,056,124

188,358

4,171,774

-
430,025

-

430,025

1,357,317

-

-

Level 1 -

Quoted prices

$

-

725,268

-

-

-

140,729
-

4,882

145,611

-
-

-

-

140,729
430,025

4,882

575,636

3,201,735

188,358

4,747,410

71

71

-

-

71

71

Level 2 -

Significant

Level 3 -

Significant

other observable

unobservable

inputs

$

2,569,200

-

89,274

-

179,484

inputs

$

-

-

-

137,433

-

Total

fair value

$

2,569,200

725,268

89,274

137,433

179,484

725,268

2,837,958

137,433

3,700,659

-

395,598

-

395,598

1,120,866

-

-

134,357

-

1,683

136,040

2,973,998

10,790

10,790

-

-

-

-

134,357

395,598

1,683

531,638

137,433

4,232,297

-

-

10,790

10,790

66  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  67 

          
                     
            
                     
                     
               
          
                     
            
                     
                     
               
            
                     
                     
                     
                     
                
          
                     
            
                     
                
               
            
                     
              
                     
                     
                
       
                     
          
                     
                
            
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
                     
                     
          
                     
                     
               
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
              
                     
                     
                     
                     
                  
          
                     
          
                     
                     
            
            
                     
                     
                     
            
                
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
          
                     
                     
                     
                     
               
                     
              
                     
                     
                     
                  
                     
                     
                     
          
                     
               
                     
                     
                     
            
                     
                
                     
                     
                     
            
                     
                
       
              
          
          
            
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                           
              
                           
              
                 
                           
                           
                 
                           
                   
                           
                   
                           
                           
                 
                 
                           
                 
                           
                 
                 
              
                 
              
                           
                 
                           
                 
                 
                           
                           
                 
                           
                    
                           
                    
                 
                 
                           
                 
              
              
                 
              
                           
                         
                           
                         
                           
                         
                           
                         
 
 
                           
              
                           
              
                 
                           
                           
                 
                           
                   
                           
                   
                           
                           
                 
                 
                           
                 
                           
                 
                 
              
                 
              
                           
                 
                           
                 
                 
                           
                           
                 
                           
                    
                           
                    
                 
                 
                           
                 
              
              
                 
              
                           
                   
                           
                   
                           
                   
                           
                   
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Excluded from these totals are AFS investments of $1,880 (2018 - $1,880) in shares of other co-operative entities which are carried at cost as 
they do not have quoted market prices in active markets and their fair value cannot be measured reliably. 
The investments measured at fair value and classified as Level 3 are limited partnerships, which represent units of third-party managed private 
equity funds (Funds). The fair values of limited partnership investments are based on the net asset value (NAV) from each of the individual 
Funds most recent quarterly or annual financial statements. Limited partnership NAV’s are derived by valuation techniques employed by each 
Funds management using unobservable inputs. The Company assesses the NAV disclosed in each Funds most recent financial statement 
using independent analytical procedures to ensure the amount is a reasonable representation of fair value. The Company does not assess the 
sensitivity of the fair value of limited partnerships because the inputs used by each fund manager to determine the NAV are unobservable and 
not readily available. 

The following table is a reconciliation of the Level 3 fair value measurements. 

2019

Balance, beginning of year

Purchases

Sales and redemptions

Losses

Unrealized included in OCI

Balance, end of year

2018

Balance, beginning of year

Purchases

Sales and redemptions

Acquisition of subsidiary from related party

Gains

Unrealized included in OCI

Balance, end of year

Limited

partnerships

$

137,433

68,969

(11,835)

(6,209)

188,358

Limited

partnerships

$

93,800

28,165

(1,376)

5,469

11,375

137,433

No investments were transferred between levels during the year (2018 - $nil). 

c) Net investment income and gains 

December 31, 2019

Interest income

Dividend income

Other investment income

Investment expense

Net investment income

Net realized gains (losses)

Net foreign exchange gains (losses)

Change in fair value (note 24)

Impairment losses (note 24)

Net investment gains

Net investment income and gains

AFS

$

73,047

56,328

-

(4,728)

124,647

87,318

3,566

-

(3,946)

86,938

211,585

Classified

Designated

Loans and

FVTPL

FVTPL

receivables

$

-

-

-

-

-

-

10,446

-

-

10,446

10,446

$

4,338

21,871

-

(977)

25,232

(1,109)

(40)

5,823

-

4,674

29,906

$

18,110

-

-

(1,112)

16,998

387

-

-

-

387

17,385

Other

$

2,444

-

318

-

Total

$

97,939

78,199

318

(6,817)

2,762

169,639

-

-

-

-

-

2,762

86,596

13,972

5,823

(3,946)

102,445

272,084

December 31, 2018

Interest income

Dividend income

Other investment income

Investment expense

Net investment income

Net realized gains 

Net foreign exchange gains (losses)

Change in fair value (note 24)

Impairment losses (note 24)

Net investment gains (losses)

Net investment income and gains
   (losses)

d) Maturity profile of invested assets 

December 31, 2019

Bonds 

Stocks

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages

Other investments

Investment income due and accrued

December 31, 2018

Bonds 

Stocks

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages

Other investments

Investment income due and accrued

AFS

$

65,487

30,611

-

(4,468)

91,630

10,401

6,634

-

(20,298)

(3,263)

Classified

Designated

Loans and

FVTPL

FVTPL

receivables

$

-

-

-

-

-

-

(15,505)

-

-

$

3,534

20,472

-

(924)

23,082

647

(140)

(46,321)

-

$

16,221

-

-

(1,009)

15,212

272

-

-

-

(15,505)

(45,814)

272

Other

$

843

-

222

-

Total

$

86,085

51,083

222

(6,401)

1,065

130,989

-

-

-

-

-

11,320

(9,011)

(46,321)

(20,298)

(64,310)

88,367

(15,505)

(22,732)

15,484

1,065

66,679

< 1

Year

$

 1 - 3

Years

$

4 - 5

Years

$

6 - 9

Years

$

> 10

Years

$

104,164

894,710

1,003,897

530,816

392,160

-

90,818

-

-

4,882

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

119,189

241,353

122,818

35,590

-

30,894

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,937

9,765

-

No fixed

$

-

Total

$

2,925,747

1,359,197

1,359,197

-

188,358

195,510

-

-

102

-

90,818

188,358

195,510

4,882

521,887

9,867

30,894

349,947

1,136,063

1,126,715

566,406

404,862

1,743,167

5,327,160

7%

21%

21%

11%

8%

32%

100%

< 1

Year

$

 1 - 3

Years

$

4 - 5

Years

$

6 - 9

Years

$

> 10

Years

$

49,821

834,414

708,719

875,087

235,946

-

99,452

-

-

1,683

83,974

-

27,040

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

252,341

89,467

12,928

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,349

9,765

-

No fixed

$

-

Total

$

2,703,987

1,122,746

1,122,746

-

137,433

179,484

-

-

4,225

-

99,452

137,433

179,484

1,683

443,059

13,990

27,040

261,970

1,086,755

798,186

888,015

250,060

1,443,888

4,728,874

6%

23%

17%

19%

5%

30%

100%

68  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  69 

 
 
               
                
               
                 
               
 
                
                
                 
                  
                
               
 
 
 
            
                       
                
              
                
              
            
                       
              
                       
                       
              
                     
                       
                       
                       
                   
                   
             
                       
                  
               
                       
               
          
                       
              
              
                
            
            
                       
               
                   
                       
              
              
              
                   
                       
                       
              
                     
                       
                
                       
                       
                
             
                       
                       
                       
                       
               
            
              
                
                   
                       
            
          
              
              
              
                
            
 
 
 
            
                       
                
              
                   
              
            
                       
              
                       
                       
              
                     
                       
                       
                       
                   
                   
             
                       
                  
               
                       
               
            
                       
              
              
                
            
            
                       
                   
                   
                       
              
              
             
                  
                       
                       
               
                     
                       
             
                       
                       
             
           
                       
                       
                       
                       
             
             
             
             
                   
                       
             
            
             
             
              
                
              
 
 
 
        
        
     
        
        
                  
     
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
     
     
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
           
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
        
        
        
          
           
                  
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
              
           
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
        
     
     
        
        
     
     
 
 
          
        
        
        
        
                  
     
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
     
     
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
           
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
          
        
          
          
           
                  
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
           
          
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
        
     
        
        
        
     
     
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

e) Mortgage diversification 

Creditor concentration

Insured residential

Uninsured residential

Commercial

Geographic concentration

Atlantic

Quebec

Ontario

West

Fair Value

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

8,445

132,734

380,708

521,887

2018

$

15,528

81,475

346,056

443,059

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

38,987

69,221

198,298

215,381

521,887

2018

$

45,116

38,845

157,376

201,722

443,059

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

The Company’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities at end of the year are as follows: 

December 31, 2019

Asset-backed securities

Pooled funds

Limited partnerships

December 31, 2018

Asset-backed securities

Pooled funds

Limited partnerships

Asset-backed securities 

Carrying value

Maximum exposure
to loss

$

82,064

195,510

188,358

$

82,064

195,510

188,358

Carrying value

Maximum exposure 
to loss

$

82,408

179,484

137,433

$

82,407

179,484

137,433

Investment in third-party asset-backed securities consists of mortgage-backed securities, auto loan receivables and credit card receivables. 
Financing and support is limited to the investment made. 

526,119

447,699

Pooled funds 

Mortgages measured at fair value, for disclosure purposes only, are classified as Level 3. The fair value of the mortgages has been calculated 
by discounting the expected cash flows of each instrument. The discount rate is determined using the Government of Canada benchmark bond 
yield for instruments of similar maturity, adjusted for specific credit risk. In determining the adjustment for credit risk, Addenda Capital Inc. 
(Addenda), a company under common control and responsible for managing the Company’s investment portfolio, considers market conditions, 
the value of the properties that the mortgage is secured by and other indicators of creditworthiness. 

Investments in pooled funds consist of units invested in underlying fixed income and equity securities managed by Addenda and other third-
party managers. The pooled funds are perpetual private trusts created under trust agreements. Pooled funds provide investors with access to 
the underlying portfolio with the objective of reducing volatility risk through balanced portfolios and achieving increased yields. Financing and 
support is only provided to the pooled funds through the purchase of units and therefore, the Company’s maximum exposure in the pooled 
funds is limited to the total fair value of its investments in these funds.  

f) Unconsolidated structured entities 

Limited partnerships 

A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the 
entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual 
arrangements. A structured entity often has some or all of the following features or attributes: (a) restricted activities, (b) a narrow and well-
defined objective, such as to provide investment opportunities for investors by passing on risks and rewards associated with the assets of the 
structured entity to investors, (c) insufficient equity to permit the structured entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support 
and (d) financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments to investors that create concentrations of credit or other risks 
(tranches). 

The Company has interests in various structured entities included in invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets. These entities include 
asset-backed investment vehicles, pooled funds and limited partnerships. The Company does not consolidate these structured entities as the 
Company does not hold significant ownership or does not control the entity that manages these structured entities. 

The Company owns units of the Funds with a mandate to generate capital appreciation and yield through investments in infrastructure assets. 
Limited partnership investments are structured to give the third-party sponsor the exclusive right to manage and control the Funds. These 
limited partnerships are financed by the capital commitments and contributions of the limited partners of the Funds. The Company’s maximum 
exposure to loss is limited to the total capital contributed to these Funds by the Company. The Company has committed to providing future 
capital contributions which are disclosed in note 28. 

g) Other investments 

Structured settlement annuities

Loan receivable

Fair Value

h) Temporary deferral of IFRS 9 

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

9,676

191

9,867

2018

$

9,765

4,225

13,990

9,867

13,990

The Company has temporarily deferred the adoption of IFRS 9. The Company qualified for temporary deferral from IFRS 9 based on the 
following reasons: (1) the Company has not previously applied any version of IFRS 9, and (2) the Company's activities were predominantly 
connected with insurance as at December 31, 2015, and there have been no significant changes in its activities since that date. The conclusion 
that the Company's activities were predominantly connected with insurance was made on the basis that the carrying value of the Company's 
liabilities arising from insurance contracts, within the scope of IFRS 4, comprised of more than 90 percent of the Company's total liabilities. 

70  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  71 

 
                       
                     
                   
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                            
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                           
                           
                              
                           
                           
                         
                           
                         
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

In accordance with the requirements of the temporary deferral, the Company has disclosed the following information to allow for comparability 
with entities that have adopted IFRS 9. 

6. Financial risk management 

Solely payments of principal and interest  

The below table categorizes the Company's financial assets between two groups: a) financial assets with contractual terms that give rise on 
specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding (SPPI) and b) all other 
financial assets. 

December 31, 2019

SPPI

Other

December 31, 2018

SPPI

Other

Change in fair 
value during the 
year

$

285,131

312,747

Change in fair 
value during the 
year

$

460,883

(29,074)

Fair Value

$

3,386,394

1,944,998

Fair Value

$

3,101,263

1,632,251

Credit risk exposure related to financial assets categorized as SPPI 

The below table describes the credit risk exposure and credit risk concentrations for financial assets categorized as SPPI. 

December 31, 2019

AAA

AA

A

BBB

Below BBB

Not rated

December 31, 2018

AAA

AA

A

BBB

Below BBB

Not rated

Fair value

Carrying value

$

$

1,126,872

1,126,872

886,490

886,953

397,015

68,728

20,336

885,876

883,729

396,750

68,599

20,336

3,386,394

3,382,162

Fair value

Carrying value

$

$

1,139,519

1,139,518

690,781

812,700

364,800

73,986

19,477

690,039

809,585

363,977

74,027

19,477

3,101,263

3,096,623

The Company has established risk management policies and practices covering key aspects of the operations. The Board of Directors 
approves these policies and management is responsible for ensuring the policies are properly maintained and implemented. The Board of 
Directors receives confirmation that the risks are being appropriately managed through regular reporting, as well as annual compliance 
reporting and by reviews conducted by the Company’s internal audit department.  

Credit risk 

Credit risk refers to the risk of financial loss from the failure of a debtor/counterparty to meet its payment obligations to the Company. Credit risk 
is increased when there is a concentration of investments made in similar industry sectors, in the same geographical area or within a single 
entity. The Company’s investment policy puts limits on the bond portfolio including portfolio composition limits, issuer type limits, bond quality 
limits, single issuer limits, corporate sector limits and general guidelines for geographic exposure. The Company monitors all positions within 
these concentration limits. 

The Company limits its investment concentration in any one corporate investee or control group to 5% of total assets and a maximum of 20% of 
the bond portfolio can be invested in bonds rated below A. At December 31, 2019, the largest corporate credit exposure was 1.5% of invested 
assets (2018 - 1.4%) or 4.3% of total equity (2018 - 4.0%), and the bond portfolio includes 86.2% (2018 – 86.4%) of bonds rated A or better.  

The Company’s mortgage portfolio represents 9.8% (2018 - 9.4%) of invested assets carrying value. The Company has a comprehensive 
mortgage policy which includes, among other factors, single loan limits, diversification by type of property limits, and geographic diversification 
limits. Each mortgage is secured by real estate and related contracts. The largest single mortgage balance was $12,313 (2018 - $10,840). All 
commercial mortgages greater than $2,000 are risk rated on an annual basis. 

Concentrations of credit risk for insurance contracts can arise from reinsurance ceded contracts as insurance ceded does not relieve the 
ceding company of its primary obligation to the policyholder. The Company has established a Reinsurance and Insurance Counterparty 
Standards Committee that evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers to minimize its exposure to significant loss from any one reinsurer’s 
insolvencies. Reinsurers are typically required to have a minimum financial strength rating of A- at the inception of the treaty; rating agencies 
used are A.M. Best and Standard & Poor’s. Concentration guidelines are also in place to establish the maximum amount of business that can 
be placed with a single reinsurer. There were no material defaults on transactions with reinsurers during the year. Based on management’s 
review of creditworthiness of its reinsurers, no allowance, other than as required by actuarial standards, is included in the consolidated financial 
statements. 

Another potential source of credit risk for insurance contracts is premiums due from policyholders. The Company’s credit exposure to any one 
individual policyholder is not material. The Company’s policies, however, are distributed by advisors, program managers, or brokers who 
manage cash collection.  

The table below provides information regarding the overall credit risk of the Company by classifying assets according to the credit ratings of the 
counterparties. AAA is the highest possible rating, and those assets that fall outside the range of AAA to BBB are classified as speculative 
grade.  

Bonds, short-term investments and selected cash equivalent amounts are based on external ratings provided by Dominion Bond Rating 
Services, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Services.  

Reinsurance ceded contracts and other receivables are classified based on financial strength ratings provided by A.M. Best and Standard & 
Poor’s. Mortgages are classified using Addenda’s internal rating system which monitors the credit related exposures. Addenda considers 
experience, judgment and other qualitative and quantitative factors in assigning an internal credit rating. 

72  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  73 

 
 
 
                
                   
                
                   
                
                   
                
                    
 
 
 
 
                
                
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                     
                
                
 
 
                
                
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                     
                
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

-

-

December 31, 2019

Cash and cash equivalents

Bonds

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages and other investments

Investment income due and accrued

AAA

$

19,921

AA

$

-

A

$

-

Below

BBB

BBB

Not rated

$

-

$

-

1,088,152

911,856

522,959

297,440

84,656

85,858

4,960

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,882

8,445

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

382,351

137,370

3,486

Total

$

97,367

2,925,747

90,818

188,358

195,510

4,882

531,754

30,894

163,667

The Company participates in a securities lending program managed by a federally regulated financial institution whereby the Company lends 
securities it owns to other financial institutions to allow them to meet delivery commitments. The Company receives securities of superior credit 
quality and value as collateral for securities loaned. Securities with a fair value of $849,524 (2018 - $478,993) were received as collateral. The 
collateral received has not been recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. 
The Company is the assigned beneficiary of collateral consisting of cash, trust accounts and letters of credit totaling $112,652 as at December 
31, 2019 (2018 - $119,319) as security from unlicensed reinsurers. This collateral is held in support of policy liabilities of $74,309 as at 
December 31, 2019, (2018 - $92,205) and could be used should these reinsurers be unable to meet their obligations. The cash portion of the 
collateral $15,171 (2018 - $26,233) has been recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. 

Market risk  

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market 
risk is comprised of three types of risks: equity risk, currency risk and interest rate risk.  

$

77,446

20,684

-

188,358

195,510

-

102

30,894

4,839

Reinsurance ceded contracts

4,977

97,265

56,856

Premiums due

Other receivables

-

-

-

-

-

6,585

-

(269)

-

2,874

-

-

-

-

1,250,904

1,250,904

40,782

50,241

a) Equity risk 

1,198,908

1,027,408

968,751

437,415

88,142

1,809,519

5,530,142

Equity risk arises whenever financial results are adversely affected by changes in the capital markets.  

December 31, 2018

Cash and cash equivalents

Bonds

Short-term investments

Limited partnerships

Pooled funds

Foreign currency forward contracts

Mortgages and other investments

Investment income due and accrued

AAA

$

43,962

AA

$

-

A

$

-

Below

BBB

BBB

Not rated

$

-

$

-

1,089,225

712,920

533,774

281,077

67,084

99,452

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,683

15,528

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

304,860

125,494

6,943

$

21,410

19,907

-

137,433

179,484

-

4,224

27,040

7,588

Total

$

65,372

2,703,987

99,452

137,433

179,484

1,683

457,049

27,040

174,427

1,073,368

1,073,368

46,404

54,160

1,232,926

826,030

915,355

408,259

74,027

1,516,858

4,973,455

Reinsurance ceded contracts

287

95,899

71,227

Premiums due

Other receivables

-

-

-

-

-

5,494

-

(574)

-

2,262

-

-

-

-

An investment policy is in place and its application is monitored by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. Diversification techniques are 
employed to minimize risk. Policies limit investments in any entity or group of related entities to a maximum of 5% of the Company’s assets.  

The Company’s stock portfolio is benchmarked to the indices noted in the table below. A 10% movement in the indices, with all other variables 
held constant, would have the following estimated effect on the fair values and OCI before taxes of the Company’s stock holdings. 

Stock Portfolio

Canadian common

U.S. equities

Foreign equities

b) Currency risk 

Benchmark

S&P/TSX Composite Index

S&P 500 Index (CDN $)

MSCI EAFE Index (CDN $)

December 31, 2019
AFS
$

December 31, 2018
AFS
$

69,716

18,773

-

54,076

15,885

372

Currency risk is the risk that the value of the foreign denominated financial instruments that is not offset by corresponding liabilities will fluctuate 
as a result of changes in foreign exchange rates.  

Management has interpolated short-term investments ratings as follows: AAA = R-1 (high); AA = R-1 (middle); A = R-1 (low); BBB = R-2 (high, 
middle, low); below BBB = R-3 (high, middle, low).  

The total amounts outlined in the tables above represent the Company’s maximum credit exposure based on a worst case scenario, except for 
structured settlements, and do not take into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements attached to the assets. 

The majority of the Company’s currency risk is related to its investment holdings. Policies limit investments in foreign denominated securities to 
a maximum value of 15% of invested assets. A 10% change in the value of the foreign currency would be offset in net income (loss) by a 
change in the fair value of foreign currency forward contract hedges of $20,147 (2018 - $11,975). A 10% change in the value of the foreign 
currency would affect the fair value of investments by $37,332 (2018 - $33,133). For AFS foreign denominated investments, a 10% change in 
the value of the foreign currency would result in an increase or decrease in OCI of $27,253 (2018 - $24,187). 

During the year, the Company changed the presentation of fixed income pooled funds held and currently discloses these investments with a 
credit risk of “not rated”. This change provides more relevant information about the nature of the pooled funds. In 2018, investments in fixed 
income pooled funds of $58,353 were presented with a credit risk of “A” and other pooled funds of $121,131 were presented with a credit risk 
of “not rated”. 

The Company mitigates a portion of currency risk by buying or selling foreign exchange forward contracts. Foreign exchange forward contracts 
are commitments to buy or sell foreign currencies for delivery at a specified date in the future at a fixed rate. Foreign exchange forward 
contracts are transacted in over-the-counter markets. Foreign exchange forward contracts with positive fair values are included in invested 
assets (note 5) and those with negative fair values are included in provisions and other liabilities (note 15). 

In the normal course of claims adjudication, the Company settles certain obligations to claimants through the purchase of annuities from third 
party life insurance companies under structured settlement arrangements. The Company guarantees the life insurers’ obligations under these 
annuities, which are $794,804 as at December 31, 2019 (2018 - $740,051), based on the net present value of the projected future cash flow of 
these guarantees. $9,676 (2018 - $9,765) of the total value is classified as Type 2 structured settlements and recorded in other investments 
within invested assets. This business is placed with several licensed Canadian companies. The net risk to the Company is the credit risk 
related to the life insurance companies from which the annuities are purchased from. To manage this risk, the Company enters structured 
settlements with life insurance companies with a credit rating of A or higher. No defaults occurred in 2019 and 2018 and the Company 
considers the possibility of default to be remote. Credit risk is further reduced to the extent of coverage provided by Assuris, the life insurance 
compensation insurance plan that funds most policy liabilities of an insolvent Canadian life insurer. 

The counterparty risk of default for these derivative financial instruments is limited to their positive replacement cost, which is substantially 
lower than their notional amount. The replacement cost of over-the-counter derivative financial instruments is an estimate and is determined 
using valuation models that incorporate prevailing foreign exchange rates and prices on underlying instruments with similar maturities and 
characteristics. The replacement cost reflects the estimated amount that the Company would receive, or might have to pay, to terminate the 
contracts as at December 31, 2019. The Company would receive $4,811 to terminate the contracts as at December 31, 2019 (2018 - pay 
$9,107). The maturity date for the Company’s contracts range from January 23 to April 30, 2020. The notional amounts of the foreign currency 
forward contracts total $252,625 (2018 - $215,564). The counterparties are federally regulated financial institutions. 

OSFI requires disclosure of the replacement cost, credit equivalent amount and the risk-weighted equivalent for each type of derivative 
instrument. The credit equivalent amount is the replacement cost of an instrument plus an additional amount representing potential future credit 

74  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  75 

          
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
          
     
        
        
        
          
          
     
          
           
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
           
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
                  
           
        
        
           
              
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
          
           
          
          
             
                  
           
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
     
     
                  
                  
           
           
                  
          
          
     
     
        
        
          
     
     
 
 
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
          
     
        
        
        
          
          
     
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
        
                  
           
                  
                  
                  
                  
           
                  
          
        
        
           
           
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
          
              
          
          
             
                  
           
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
     
     
                  
                  
           
           
                  
          
          
     
        
        
        
          
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                           
                           
                           
                           
                                      
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

exposure, as defined by OSFI. The risk-weighted equivalent is determined by applying a risk-weighted factor to the credit equivalent amount 
based on OSFI guidelines.  

The credit equivalent amount and risk-weighted equivalent by type of derivative instrument is as follows: 

Foreign currency forward contracts

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Credit Equivalent

Risk-weighted

Credit Equivalent

Risk-weighted

Amount

Equivalent

Amount

Equivalent

$

4,931

$

24

$

1,700

$

8

Exposure to currency fluctuations on insurance contract liabilities is not considered to be material. 

c) Interest rate risk  

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest 
rates. The Company is significantly exposed to changes in interest rates. Movements in short-term and long-term interest rates, including 
changes in credit spreads, cause changes in the realized and unrealized gains and losses. 

To manage this risk, historical data and current information that profiles the ultimate claims settlement pattern by class of insurance, is used as 
a basis to develop a Board-approved and monitored investment policy and strategy. The policy and strategy is based upon prudence, 
regulatory guidelines and claims settlement patterns by product line. The policy provides conservative investment limits which balance the 
Company’s long-term focus with market opportunities as they arise. This is achieved by investing in a diversified mix of securities and by 
shifting between asset classes as trends in capital markets develop.  

Interest rate risk also causes income volatility as a result of the discounting of the unpaid claims and adjustment expenses on the projected 
portfolio yield of the assets backing the claims liabilities. Changes in the value of the unpaid claims and adjustment expenses resulting from 
fluctuations in interest rates flow through claims and adjustment expenses in the consolidated statements of income (loss). The corresponding 
change in asset values will either flow through the consolidated statements of income (loss) or through OCI based on the designation of assets 
held to settle future claims obligations. If the assets backing the liabilities are classified as AFS, the gains and losses due to interest rate 
fluctuations flow through OCI. If the assets backing the liabilities are designated under the fair value option as FVTPL, the gains and losses due 
to interest rate fluctuations flow through the consolidated statements of income (loss).   

To mitigate the impact of interest rate risk, the Company utilizes an asset liability management (ALM) strategy. A portion of the assets backing 
the Company’s unpaid claims and adjustment expense liabilities are designated as FVTPL under the fair value option with the objective of 
offsetting a targeted proportion of the financial impact of interest rate changes and avoiding an accounting mismatch between the impact of 
interest rate changes on assets and liabilities in the consolidated statements of income (loss).  

A 1% movement in the interest rate, with all other variables held constant, would have the following estimated effect on the fair values, and net 
income (loss) or OCI before taxes, of the Company’s holdings: 

Bonds

Canadian preferred stocks

Pooled funds

Liquidity risk 

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

AFS
$

131,949

-

17,682

FVTPL
$

7,097

16,882

-

AFS
$

120,906

-

14,588

FVTPL
$

6,336

16,037

-

Liquidity risk refers to the ability of the Company to access sufficient funds to meet financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s 
obligations arise as a result of claims, contractual commitments, or other outflows. The Company has no material commitments for capital 
expenditures and there is normally no need for such expenditures in the normal course of business. 

Claims, contractual commitments and other outflows payments are funded by current revenue cash flow which normally exceeds cash 
requirements. At December 31, 2019 the Company had $97,367 (2018 - $65,372) of cash and cash equivalents, and $90,818 (2018 - $99,452) 
of short-term investments. In addition, the Company had a combination of lines of credit and a liquid investment portfolio. Together, the bond 

portion of the portfolio, which consists primarily of Canadian fixed-income securities issued or guaranteed by governments and investment 
grade corporate bonds, and publicly traded Canadian and U.S. equities had a December 31, 2019 fair value of $4,177,724 (2018 - 
$3,733,950).  
Along with internally generated funds, the Company has credit facilities of $19,000 (2018 - $19,000) that provide it with additional financial 
flexibility to fulfill cash requirements on an ongoing basis. The Company had utilized $nil (2018 - $nil) as at the balance sheet date. 

The Company’s estimated maturities of its financial liabilities, insurance contracts and other commitments are shown in the following table on 
an undiscounted basis. Financial liabilities and contractual commitments are presented based on their estimated contractual maturities. 
Insurance contacts and provisions and other liabilities are presented based on expectations of the timing of future cash flows and/or the 
duration of the contract.  

Contractual commitments are not reported on the consolidated balance sheet. 

December 31, 2019

Accounts payable and accrued charges

Income taxes payable

Insurance contracts

Provisions and other liabilities

Provision for advisor transition commissions

Advisor transition commission payable

Other provisions

Foreign currency forward contracts

Other liabilities

Contractual commitments 

Mortgage funding

December 31, 2018

Accounts payable and accrued charges

Income taxes payable

Insurance contracts

Provisions and other liabilities

Provision for advisor transition commissions

Advisor transition commission payable

Other provisions

Foreign currency forward contracts

Other liabilities

Contractual commitments 

Operating lease commitments

Mortgage funding

< 1

Year

$

324,665

74,147

 1 - 3

Years

4 - 5

Years

6 - 9

Years

> 10

Years

$

-

-

$

-

-

$

-

-

$

-

-

Total

$

324,665

74,147

2,970,593

980,413

488,732

278,105

56,333

4,774,176

45,737

9,537

8,267

71

1,619

42,440

8,214

500

-

822

12,833

24,255

40,816

166,081

-

-

-

160

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17,751

8,767

71

2,601

3,434,636

1,032,389

501,725

302,360

97,149

5,368,259

8,631

6,674

61

-

-

15,366

< 1

Year

$

291,125

39

 1 - 3

Years

$

-

-

4 - 5

Years

$

-

-

6 - 9

Years

$

-

-

> 10

Years

$

-

-

Total

$

291,125

39

2,736,785

904,407

445,872

239,306

50,993

4,377,363

33,140

8,421

4,955

10,790

1,406

36,914

8,890

500

-

945

15,095

22,401

43,754

151,304

-

-

-

394

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17,311

5,455

10,790

2,745

3,086,661

951,656

461,361

261,707

94,747

4,856,132

12,014

2,155

14,169

18,579

2,171

20,750

8,680

-

8,680

1,513

-

1,513

-

-

-

40,786

4,326

45,112

The mortgage funding commitments have interest rates ranging from 3.54% to 6.45% (2018 – 4.00% to 6.70%).  

76  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  77 

 
 
                  
                       
                  
                        
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
               
                  
               
                  
                         
                
                         
                
                
                         
                
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
     
        
        
        
          
     
          
          
          
          
          
        
           
           
                  
                  
                  
          
           
              
                  
                  
                  
           
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
           
              
              
                  
                  
           
     
     
        
        
          
     
           
           
                
                  
                  
          
 
 
        
                  
                  
                  
                  
        
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
     
        
        
        
          
     
          
          
          
          
          
        
           
           
                  
                  
                  
          
           
              
                  
                  
                  
           
          
                  
                  
                  
                  
          
           
              
              
                  
                  
           
     
        
        
        
          
     
          
          
           
           
                  
          
           
           
                  
                  
                  
           
          
          
           
           
                  
          
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

7. Insurance risk management 

a) Nature of risks arising from insurance contracts 

the portfolio market yield of assets supporting the claims liabilities as well as considerations for the timing of the relative cash flows of the 
assets and liabilities. This rate could fluctuate significantly based on changes in interest rates and credit spreads. The interest rates used to 
discount the claims liabilities for each of the operating companies are as follows: 

There is uncertainty whether an insured event occurs and to what degree for each policy. By the very nature of an insurance contract, the risk 
is random and therefore unpredictable. Insurance companies accept the transfer of uncertainty from policyholders and seek to add value 
through the aggregation and management of insurance risk. The Company is at risk for losses in the event that incomplete or incorrect 
assumptions or information are used when pricing, issuing or reserving for insurance products.  

CGIC, Sovereign, COSECO

CUMIS General

2019

2.49%

2.33%

2018

2.84%

2.79%

The principal risk to the Company under its insurance contracts is that the actual claims and benefit payments arising may exceed the carrying 
amount of the insurance liabilities because the frequency and/or severity of the actual claims were greater than expected. 

Being a property and casualty insurer, catastrophes could have a significant effect on the Company’s operating results and financial condition. 
Catastrophic loss risk is the exposure to loss resulting from multiple claims arising out of a single catastrophic event. Potential events include 
perils such as earthquake, tornado, wind, hail, flood or fire. 

Underwriting risk, claims risk and product design and pricing risk are also important to the proper management of insurance risk. Underwriting 
risk is the exposure to financial loss resulting from the selection and approval of risks to be insured or the inappropriate application of 
underwriting rules to risks being insured. Claims risk is the exposure to financial loss resulting from a change in the frequency and/or severity of 
claims; inadequate claim adjudication; or inappropriate claim settlement. Product design and pricing risk is the exposure to financial loss from 
transacting insurance business where costs and liabilities experienced in respect of a product line exceed the expectation in pricing it. Policies, 
processes and other internal controls have been established to manage these risks to within tolerable levels. 

In managing certain insurance risks, reinsurance is employed by the Company; however, the Company is still exposed to reinsurance risk. 
Reinsurance risk is the risk of financial loss due to inadequacies in reinsurance coverage or the default of a reinsurer. If a reinsurer fails to pay 
a claim for any reason, the Company remains liable for the payment to the policyholder. 

Other external factors play a role in the Company’s management of insurance risk. Property and casualty insurers are subject to significant 
regulation by governments. As in any regulated industry, it is possible that future regulatory changes or developments may prevent the 
Company from raising rates or taking other actions to enhance operating results. As well, future regulatory changes, novel or unexpected 
judicial interpretations or political developments could impact the ultimate amount of claims that must be paid out. Macroeconomic risks such 
as fluctuations in the long-term portfolio yields used in the valuation of the Company’s insurance contracts or changes in the Company’s 
forecasts of expected inflation levels are also important considerations in developing the estimated liability. 

The discounted unpaid claims and adjustment expenses incorporates assumptions concerning future investment income, projected cash flows, 
and appropriate provisions for adverse deviations (PFADs). As the estimates for unpaid claims are subject to measurement uncertainty and the 
variability could be material in the near term, the Company includes PFADs in its assumptions for claims development, reinsurance recoveries 
and future investment income. The incorporation of PFADs is in accordance with accepted actuarial practice in order to ensure that the 
actuarial liabilities are adequate to pay future benefits. The selected PFADs are within the ranges recommended by the Canadian Institute of 
Actuaries (CIA). 

The following table represents the discounted development of the claims net of reinsurance.  

Accident year

2010

$

2011

$

2012

$

2013

$

2014

$

2015

$

2016

$

2017

$

2018

$

2019

$

Total

$

Estimate of ultimate claims costs:1

At end of 
  accident year

1,438,417

1,451,371

1,369,236

1,595,650

1,584,753

1,637,924

1,757,030

1,882,990

2,181,340

2,251,704

One year later

1,281,611

1,382,851

1,345,293

1,562,625

1,541,947

1,588,473

1,749,824

1,897,698

2,153,872

Two years later

1,257,183

1,338,812

1,306,988

1,525,744

1,510,417

1,567,564

1,782,620

1,878,246

Three years later

1,238,647

1,325,881

1,282,392

1,516,796

1,496,184

1,572,105

1,770,003

Four years later

1,218,537

1,303,524

1,269,019

1,497,580

1,491,529

1,558,292

Five years later

1,218,888

1,308,161

1,268,875

1,514,138

1,495,807

Six years later

1,204,957

1,294,171

1,255,413

1,494,589

Seven years later

1,196,048

1,289,072

1,251,151

Eight years later

1,195,147

1,288,264

Nine years later
Current year estimate 
  of cumulative claims

Cumulative payments 
  to date

1,192,446

1,192,446

1,288,264

1,251,151

1,494,589

1,495,807

1,558,292

1,770,003

1,878,246

2,153,872

2,251,704

16,334,374

(1,179,404)

(1,262,678)

(1,219,681)

(1,435,308)

(1,386,700)

(1,398,439)

(1,530,477)

(1,523,557)

(1,615,290)

(1,235,418)

(13,786,952)

b) Sources of uncertainty and processes used to determine assumptions for insurance contracts 

Provision recognized

13,042

25,586

31,470

59,281

109,107

159,853

239,526

354,689

538,582

1,016,286

2,547,422

The Company establishes an unpaid claims and adjustment expense provision to cover claims incurred but not settled at the end of the 
reporting period. The unpaid claims provision contains both individual claims estimates and an incurred but not reported (IBNR) provision.    

Individual claims estimates are set by internal claims adjusters on a case-by-case basis. These specialists apply their knowledge and expertise, 
after taking available information regarding the circumstances of the claim into account, to set individual case reserve estimates. The Company 
has documented policy and procedures by which case reserve estimates are set. The claims reserving strategy and monitoring of their 
application and effectiveness falls under the accountability of the Company’s National Claims department except for travel insurance, which is 
completed by the MGU’s actuarial department. Additional monitoring is provided over the travel insurance through a quarterly meeting of the 
Canada Statutory Reserve Committee, which includes members of the Company and the MGU. The claims reserves are reviewed by the 
committee, and the Company’s actuarial department subsequently performs a quarterly peer review.   

The IBNR is a provision intended to cover future development on both reported claims and claims that have occurred but have yet to be 
reported. Uncertainty exists on reported claims in that all information may not be available at the valuation date. Claims that have occurred may 
not be reported to the Company immediately; therefore, estimates are made as to their value, an amount which may take years to finally 
determine.  

The total unpaid claims and adjustment expense provision is an estimate that is determined using a range of accepted actuarial claims 
projection techniques, such as the Chain Ladder and Bornhuetter-Ferguson methods. These techniques use the Company’s historical claims 
development patterns to predict future claims development. In situations where there has been a significant change in the environment or 
underlying risks, the historical data is adjusted to account for expected differences.  

The initial actuarial estimate of unpaid claims and adjustment expenses is an undiscounted amount. This estimate is then discounted to 
recognize the time value of money. The discount rate applied to measure the value of unpaid claims and adjustment expenses is based upon 

Provision with respect to 2009 and prior accident years

Effect of discounting

Net unpaid claims and adjustment expenses

158,662

133,308

2,839,392

1 The 2018 estimate of net unpaid claims and adjustment expenses have been adjusted to incorporate the ultimate claims costs from the 2018 acquisition of a subsidiary from 

a related party which was previously disclosed on a separate line. 

c) Changes in assumptions used in measuring insurance contracts 

Assumptions used to develop this estimate are selected by class of business and geographic location. Consideration is given to the 
characteristics of the risks, historical trends, amount of data available on individual claims, inflation and any other pertinent factors. Some 
assumptions require a significant amount of judgment such as the expected impacts of future judicial decisions and government legislation. The 
diversity of these considerations result in it not being practicable to identify and quantify all individual assumptions that are more likely than 
others to have a significant impact on the measurement of the Company’s insurance contracts. There were no new assumptions identified in 
the year or the preceding year as having a potential or identifiable material impact on the overall claims estimate.  

d) Objectives, policies and processes for managing risks arising from insurance contracts 

The Company’s underwriting objective is to develop business within the Company’s target market on a prudent and diversified basis and to 
achieve profitable underwriting results.  

The Company uses comprehensive underwriting manuals which detail the practices and procedures used in the determination of the insurance 
risk for each item to be insured and the decision of whether or not to insure the item. The Company underwrites automobile business after 
annual reviews of the client’s driving record and claims experience. The Company underwrites property lines based on physical condition, 
property replacement values, claims experience, geography and other relevant factors. All employees in the underwriting area are trained and 

78  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

their work is subject to underwriting reviews by the Company. Advisors and brokers are compensated, in part, based on the profitability of their 
portfolio. 

f) Sensitivity analysis 

In setting the provision for unpaid claims and adjustment expenses required to cover the estimated liability for claims, the Company’s practice 
is to maintain an adequate margin to ensure future years’ earnings are not negatively affected by prior years’ claims development and other 
variable factors such as inflation. The Company, in accordance with OSFI requirements, seeks a full peer review every three years 
accompanied by an annual methodology and assumption review in the intervening years.  

The Company’s pricing policies take into account numerous factors including claims frequency and severity trends, product line expense rates, 
special risk factors, the capital required to support the product line and the investment income earned on that capital. The Company’s pricing 
process is designed to ensure an appropriate return on equity while also providing long-term rate stability. These factors are reviewed annually 
and adjusted periodically to ensure they reflect the current environment. 

The Company monitors its compliance with all relevant regulations and actively participates in discussions with regulators, governments and 
industry groups to ensure that it is well-informed of contemplated changes and that its concerns are understood. In its strategic planning 
process, the Company considers the implications of potential changes to its regulatory and political environment and adjusts its plans if 
necessary. 

e) Objectives, policies and processes for managing insurance risk through reinsurance 

The Company’s strategy is to retain underwriting risk where it is financially prudent. The Company reviews its insurance requirements annually 
to assess the level of reinsurance coverage required. Reinsurance is purchased to limit the Company’s exposure to a particular risk, category 
of risk or geographic risk area. To manage reinsurance counterparty risk, the Company assesses and monitors the financial strength of its 
reinsurers on a regular basis.  

The Company writes business that is broadly diversified in terms of the lines of business and geographic location. There is no guarantee that a 
catastrophe will not result in claims against the Company in excess of its maximum reinsurance coverage; however, based on the Company’s 
catastrophic loss models, protection is in excess of regulatory guidelines and at a level that management considers prudent. 

The Company follows the policy of underwriting and reinsuring contracts of insurance which limits the liability of the Company to a maximum 
amount on any one loss. In addition, the Company has obtained reinsurance which limits the Company’s liability in the event of a series of 
claims arising out of a single occurrence, with the exception of travel insurance which is described in further detail below.  

The Company’s net retentions are as follows:  

Individual loss

Property

General liability

Automobile

Fidelity and Director's liability

Catastrophe

Maximum limit

Company retention

2019

$

7,500

5,000

5,000

3,000

2018

$

7,500

5,000

5,000

3,000

1,400,000

70,000

1,300,000

70,000

For certain special classes of business or types of risk, the retention for single risk events may be lower through specific treaties or the use of 
facultative reinsurance. The maximum limit for catastrophe reinsurance is applied to all property and casualty insurance operations ultimately 
owned by CGL. After application of the catastrophe program, the Company’s retention is $70,000 (2018 - $70,000) in incurred claims.  

CUMIS General’s accident and sickness travel insurance, underwritten by the MGU is fully ceded; 45% to CLIC and 55% to an external 
reinsurer. In addition, 55% of the property travel insurance is ceded to an external reinsurer; the Company’s maximum exposure per person is 
$56 (2018 - $56). Catastrophe reinsurance is purchased for $1,800 (2018 - $,1800) of protection with a retention of $450 (2018 - $450). 

The underwriting impact of the Company’s use of reinsurance programs on the year’s results is described in note 9.  

The Company has exposures to risks in each class of business that may develop and that could have a material impact on the Company’s 
financial position. The correlation of assumptions has a significant effect in determining the ultimate claims liability and movements in 
assumption are non-linear; also, it is not possible to quantify the sensitivity of certain key assumptions such as future legislative changes.  

To ensure that the Company has sufficient capital to withstand a variety of significant and plausible adverse event scenarios, the Company 
performs Dynamic Capital Adequacy Testing (DCAT) on the capital adequacy of the Company. DCAT is performed annually, as required by the 
CIA, and is prepared by the appointed actuary. The adverse event scenarios are reviewed annually to ensure that the appropriate risks are 
included in the DCAT process. Plausible adverse event scenarios used in the most recent DCAT process included consideration of claims 
frequency and severity risk, inflation risk, premium risk, reinsurance risk and investment risk. The exposure of the peril of earthquake with 
default of reinsurers was also applied in a stress test analysis, as outlined in note 7(g). The most recent results indicated that the Company’s 
future financial and capital positions are satisfactory under the assumptions applied. 

The Company's estimated sensitivity of insurance contract unpaid claims and after-tax net income to changes in best estimate assumptions in 
the insurance contract is as follows: 

Assumption

Discount rate

Discount rate

Net loss ratio

Misestimate

Insurance contract - 
claims

After-tax net 
income impact

December 31,
2019
$

December 31,
2018
$

December 31,
2019
$

December 31,
2018
$

(57,058)

60,124

227,502

28,394

(50,738)

53,408

211,629

26,136

41,652

(43,891)

(166,076)

(20,728)

37,039

(38,988)

(154,489)

(19,079)

Sensitivity

+100 bps

-100 bps

+10%

1% deficiency

The impacts related to the discount rate sensitivities are approximately linear within this range. 

g) Concentrations of insurance risk  

The Company has catastrophe exposures arising from the property and automobile comprehensive policies it writes across the country. 
Exposures to concentrations of insurance risk subject to catastrophe losses are evaluated, and the Company has adopted a reinsurance 
strategy to reduce such exposures to an acceptable level.  

A particular focus is the exposure to the peril of earthquake in British Columbia, Quebec, and Eastern Ontario. The Company utilizes industry-
accepted earthquake modeling techniques to understand its exposures and applies this information to establish the catastrophe coverage 
outlined in note 7(e). In addition to earthquake, other catastrophe perils such as hail and windstorm are also modeled, and reinsurance is 
purchased based on the peril that generates the largest loss. As the catastrophe reinsurance purchased is not peril specific, the Company is 
thereby provided with a high level of protection for catastrophic loss from other perils. The stress tests completed on the Company’s capital are 
based on 1 in 500 year events; this exceeds the regulatory requirements established by OSFI. 

The Company’s net earned premium split by line of business and geographic area is as follows: 

Auto

Home

Farm

Commercial

Travel and other

2019

$

2018

$

1,603,822

1,388,566

902,713

143,384

551,374

73,430

811,157

130,458

490,433

66,263

Net earned premium (note 8, 22)

3,274,723

2,886,877

80  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                
                
                     
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                    
                    
                     
                     
                     
                     
                    
                    
                   
                   
                  
                  
                     
                     
                    
                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                
                
 
 
 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

c) Profile of net unpaid claims and adjustment expenses  

Auto

Home

Farm

Commercial

Travel and other

Discounted provision

December 31, 2019

Gross

Ceded

$

$

Net

$

December 31, 2018

Gross

Ceded

$

$

1,893,830

279,255

56,196

685,525

73,917

10,084

22,854

898

65,328

50,167

1,883,746

1,721,122

256,401

55,298

620,197

23,750

294,578

58,214

619,294

77,812

11,311

34,274

2,160

56,494

53,145

Net

$

1,709,811

260,304

56,054

562,800

24,667

2,988,723

149,331

2,839,392

2,771,020

157,384

2,613,636

d) Reconciliation of net unpaid claims and adjustment expenses  

2019

Gross

Ceded

$

$

Net

$

2018

Gross

Ceded

$

$

Net

$

Balance, beginning of year

Less: effect of discounting at prior year-end

2,771,020

103,949

157,384

2,613,636

662

103,287

2,475,952

105,568

135,236

2,340,716

334

105,234

Undiscounted unpaid claims and 
  adjustment expenses at prior year-end

Paid on prior years

Change in estimate on prior years

Incurred on current year

Paid on current year

2,667,071

156,722

2,510,349

2,370,384

134,902

2,235,482

(869,116)

(28,721)

(55,271)

(22,015)

(813,845)

(6,706)

(781,047)

(78,897)

(47,607)

(28,161)

(733,440)

(50,736)

2,378,834

127,130

2,251,704

2,279,319

110,345

2,168,974

(1,294,382)

(58,964)

(1,235,418)

(1,278,142)

(71,299)

(1,206,843)

Acquisition of a subsidiary from related party

-

-

-

155,454

58,542

96,912

Undiscounted unpaid claims and 
  adjustment expenses at current year-end

Effect of discounting

Balance, end of year

Current

Non-current

Balance, end of year

2,853,686

135,037

2,988,723

1,142,648

1,846,075

2,988,723

147,602

2,706,084

1,729

133,308

149,331

2,839,392

98,397

50,934

149,331

1,044,251

1,795,141

2,839,392

2,667,071

103,949

2,771,020

1,103,290

1,667,730

2,771,020

156,722

2,510,349

662

103,287

157,384

2,613,636

110,936

46,448

157,384

992,354

1,621,282

2,613,636

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

West 

Ontario

Quebec

Atlantic

Net earned premium (note 8, 22)

h) Financial risks in insurance contracts 

Information about credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk for insurance contracts is disclosed in note 6. 

8. Insurance contracts 

Insurance contracts are comprised of the following balances: 

Undiscounted unpaid claims and adjustment expenses

Effect of time value of money

PFADs

Effect of discounting

Discounted unpaid claims and adjustment expenses

Unearned premiums

Experience rated refund pool

a) Profile of unearned premiums 

2019

$

1,155,743

1,648,926

161,421

308,633

3,274,723

2018

$

1,050,026

1,426,448

128,372

282,031

2,886,877

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

2,853,686

(141,929)

276,966

135,037

2,988,723

1,909,860

10,630

4,909,213

2018

$

2,667,071

(145,666)

249,615

103,949

2,771,020

1,697,482

12,810

4,481,312

Auto

Home

Farm

Commercial

Travel and other

December 31, 2019

Gross

Ceded

$

865,419

527,513

79,018

367,381

70,529

1,909,860

$

296

106

99

14,387

38,374

53,262

December 31, 2018

Net

$

865,123

527,407

78,919

352,994

32,155

Gross

$

753,198

472,390

73,150

311,088

87,656

1,856,598

1,697,482

Ceded

$

211

91

103

8,625

61,092

70,122

Net

$

752,987

472,299

73,047

302,463

26,564

1,627,360

Ceded unearned premiums are included in reinsurance ceded contracts on the balance sheet (note 9). 

b) Reconciliation of unearned premiums 

Balance, beginning of year

Written premium

Less: earned premium

Acquisition of a subsidiary from 
   related party

2019

Gross

Ceded

$

$

Net

$

2018

Gross

Ceded

$

$

Net

$

1,697,482

3,780,168

3,567,790

70,122

276,207

293,067

1,627,360

3,503,961

3,274,723

1,399,757

3,315,810

3,126,601

6,475

253,159

239,724

1,393,282

3,062,651

2,886,877

-

-

-

108,516

50,212

58,304

Balance, end of year

1,909,860

53,262

1,856,598

1,697,482

70,122

1,627,360

82  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  83 

                
                
                
                
                   
                   
                   
                   
                
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                
                  
                  
                   
                   
                   
                   
                
                
                
                
                     
                     
                
                
 
 
          
                
          
          
                
          
          
                
          
          
                  
          
            
                  
            
            
                
            
          
            
          
          
              
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
       
            
       
       
            
       
 
 
 
       
            
       
       
              
       
       
          
       
       
          
       
       
          
       
       
          
       
                     
                     
                     
          
            
            
       
            
       
       
            
       
 
 
 
       
            
       
       
            
       
          
            
          
          
            
          
            
                
            
            
              
            
          
            
          
          
            
          
            
            
            
            
            
            
       
          
       
       
          
       
 
 
       
          
       
       
          
       
          
                
          
          
                
          
       
          
       
       
          
       
         
           
         
         
           
         
           
           
             
           
           
           
       
          
       
       
          
       
      
           
      
      
           
      
                     
                     
                     
          
            
            
       
          
       
       
          
       
          
              
          
          
                
          
       
          
       
       
          
       
       
            
       
       
          
          
       
            
       
       
            
       
       
          
       
       
          
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

9. Reinsurance programs 

10. Deferred acquisition expenses 

a) Underwriting impact of reinsurance contracts 

Details of deferred acquisition expenses are as noted below: 

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

276,207

293,067

106,183

108,952

77,932

2018

$

253,159

239,724

81,940

85,073

72,711

Balance, beginning of year

Acquisition expenses deferred

Amortization expense

Acquistion of a subsidiary from related party

Balance, end of year

11. Income taxes  

December 31,

December 31,

a) Reconciliation to statutory income tax rate 

2019

$

293,131

695,357

(675,353)

-

313,135

2018

$

224,504

625,957

(596,420)

39,090

293,131

Ceded

Written premium (note 22)

Earned premium

Claims and benefits

Commission

Cost of reinsurance ceded program

Assumed

Written premium (note 22)

Earned premium

Claims and benefits

Commission

Underwriting gain from assumed reinsurance

b) Reinsurance ceded contracts 

2019

$

27,778

25,169

14,378

10,351

440

2018

$

19,946

19,549

9,632

7,158

2,759

The amounts presented under reinsurance ceded contracts in the consolidated balance sheet represent the Company’s net  
contractual rights under reinsurance contracts and consist of the following: 

Reinsurance ceded assets

Reinsurers' share of unearned premiums (note 8)

Reinsurers' share of unpaid claims & adjustment expenses (note 8)

Reinsurer receivables

Reinsurance ceded liabilities

Unearned reinsurance commissions

Payable to reinsurers

Unlicensed reinsurer deposits

Reinsurance ceded contracts

Current

Non-current

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

53,262

149,331

8,586

211,179

25,968

6,373

15,171

47,512

163,667

117,890

45,777

163,667

2018

$

70,122

157,384

15,495

243,001

37,165

5,176

26,233

68,574

174,427

135,700

38,727

174,427

In the consolidated statements of income (loss), income tax expense reflects an effective tax rate which differs from the statutory tax rate for 
the following reasons: 

Income (loss) before income taxes

Income tax at statutory rates

Effects of :

Non-taxable investment income

Non-deductible expenses

Change in income tax rates

Difference in effective tax rate of subsidiaries

Adjustment to tax expense in respect of prior years

Other

Income tax expense (recovery)

2019
$

214,151

57,821

(18,789)

722

(143)

(11)

(101)

626

40,125

%

27.0

(8.8)

0.3

(0.1)

-

-

0.3

18.7

b) Income taxes included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) 

Current tax expense (recovery)

Current period

Change in tax rates

Adjustment for prior periods

Deferred tax recovery

Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Change in tax rates

Adjustment for prior periods

Income tax expense (recovery)

2018
$

(69,537)

(18,775)

(14,476)

585

(13)

2

(49)

296

(32,430)

2019

$

46,855

(208)

3,158

49,805

(6,486)

65

(3,259)

(9,680)

40,125

%

27.0

20.8

(0.8)

-

-

0.1

(0.4)

46.7

2018

$

(21,407)

(45)

(151)

(21,603)

(10,961)

32

102

(10,827)

(32,430)

84  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  85 

 
 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                   
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                       
                     
                       
                         
                       
 
 
 
                     
                     
                   
                   
                       
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                       
                       
                     
                     
                     
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                
                
                           
                   
                 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
                  
                   
                      
                  
                      
                  
                       
                  
                      
                       
                        
                       
                       
                      
                       
                        
                           
                        
                           
                           
                           
                      
                           
                        
                        
                       
                        
                       
                       
                   
                      
                  
                      
 
 
 
                   
                  
                      
                        
                    
                      
                   
                  
                   
                  
                         
                         
                   
                       
                   
                  
                   
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

c) Income taxes included in OCI  

The net movement of the deferred income taxes is as follows: 

Current income tax expense (recovery)

Deferred income tax expense (recovery)

Total income tax expense (recovery) included in OCI

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated statements of income (loss):

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial assets

Net reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in income

Total items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated statements of income (loss)

Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated statements of income (loss):

Remeasurement of the retirement benefit obligations

Total income tax expense (recovery) included in OCI

d) Components of deferred income taxes 

December 31, 2019

Bonds and mortgages

Stocks

Intangible assets

Property and equipment

Right-of-use assets

Insurance contracts

Retirement benefit obligations

Lease liabilities

Provisions and other liabilities

Loss carry-forwards and credits

December 31, 2018

Bonds and mortgages

Stocks

Intangible assets

Property and equipment

Insurance contracts

Retirement benefit obligations

Provisions and other liabilities

Loss carry-forwards and credits

Assets

$

436

(2,987)

657

183

(7,269)

43,359

34,764

7,441

43,700

6,936

127,220

Assets

$

763

(3,639)

383

101

40,717

32,583

38,026

7,815

2019

$

33,034

(1,533)

31,501

2019

$

55,611

(23,263)

32,348

(847)

31,501

Liabilities

$

-

-

(7,612)

(10)

-

-

-

-

-

78

(7,544)

Liabilities

$

-

-

(3,968)

4

-

-

-

88

2018

$

(20,303)

4,715

(15,588)

2018

$

(19,701)

1,024

(18,677)

3,089

(15,588)

Net

$

436

(2,987)

(6,955)

173

(7,269)

43,359

34,764

7,441

43,700

7,014

119,676

Net

$

763

(3,639)

(3,585)

105

40,717

32,583

38,026

7,903

Balance, beginning of year

Income statement recovery (note 24)

Other comprehensive income recovery (expense)

Acquisition of a subsidiary from related party (note 26)

Other items

Balance, end of year

e) Loss carry-forwards 

2019

$

112,873

9,680

1,533

-

(4,410)

119,676

2018

$

101,935

10,827

(4,715)

4,961

(135)

112,873

The Company has non-capital loss carry-forwards of $26,006 (2018 - $28,843) of which deferred income taxes of $7,014 (2018 - $7,799) has been 
recognized. The non-capital loss carry-forwards expire as follows: 

2036

2037

2038

2039

12. Intangible assets 

$

175

359

344

25,128

Cost
January 1, 2018
Additions

Acquisition of a subsidiary from a related party

December 31, 2018
Additions

December 31, 2019

Accumulated amortization

January 1, 2018
Amortization (note 24)

Acquisition of a subsidiary from a related party
December 31, 2018

Amortization (note 24)

December 31, 2019

Net carrying value

December 31, 2018
December 31, 2019

Goodwill

Licenses

Brand

relationships

Software

development

Total

Customer

Software

under

$

$

1,076
-

5,730

6,806
-

6,806

53,750
1,250

-

55,000
-

55,000

-
-

-
-

-

-

-
-

-
-

-

-

$

-
-

800

800
-

800

-
-

-
-

-

-

$

$

$

$

26,394
177

5,700

32,271
18,165

50,436

8,180
3,251

4,702
16,133

4,070

18,395
361

-

18,756
-

18,756

18,127
188

-
18,315

182

20,203

18,497

-
3,428

-

3,428
7,469

10,897

-
-

-
-

-

-

99,615
5,216

12,230

117,061
25,634

142,695

26,307
3,439

4,702
34,448

4,252

38,700

6,806
6,806

55,000
55,000

800
800

16,138
30,233

441
259

3,428
10,897

82,613
103,995

116,749

(3,876)

112,873

86  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  87 

 
                     
                    
                      
                       
                     
                    
 
                     
                    
                    
                       
                     
                    
                        
                       
                     
                    
 
 
 
                         
                              
                         
                      
                              
                      
                         
                      
                      
                         
                          
                         
                      
                              
                      
                     
                              
                     
                     
                              
                     
                       
                              
                       
                     
                              
                     
                       
                           
                       
                   
                      
                   
 
 
                         
                              
                         
                      
                              
                      
                         
                      
                      
                         
                             
                         
                     
                              
                     
                     
                              
                     
                     
                              
                     
                       
                           
                       
                   
                      
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   
                   
                       
                     
                       
                      
                              
                       
                      
                        
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
                         
                         
                         
                     
 
 
 
       
       
            
              
       
                       
       
              
         
            
                   
            
                
         
       
                
       
                
                
                       
       
       
       
       
              
       
                
      
              
                
            
              
                
                
       
       
       
       
              
       
              
      
              
                
            
                
       
                       
       
              
                
            
                
            
                       
         
              
                
            
                
                
                       
         
              
                
            
              
       
                       
       
              
                
            
                
            
                       
         
              
                
            
              
       
                       
       
       
       
       
              
            
                
       
       
       
       
              
            
              
      
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

The carrying amount of goodwill that was allocated to CGUs as at December 31, 2019 is as follows: 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Expenses included in the consolidated statements of income (loss) 

Cash-generating unit

CUMIS General

CGIC

Total

$

5,730

1,076

6,806

13. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 

Effective January 1, 2019, the company has applied IFRS 16 to the consolidated financial statements.  

The Company leases real estate, which is primarily comprised of leases for advisor and service offices across the country. Lease terms range 
from less than three years to nine years.  

Right-of-use assets 

Balance at January 1, 2019

Additions

Depreciation

Balance at December 31, 2019

Lease liabilities 

Off-balance sheet lease obligation, December 31, 2018

Leases transferred to a related party

Operating lease obligation, before effect of discounting, January 1, 2019

Base Rent

Reasonably certain extension options

Effect from discounting, January 1, 2019

Operating lease obligations, January 1, 2019 

Undiscounted cash flows

Less than one year

One to three years

Four to five years

Six to nine years

Undiscounted balance at December 31, 2019

Effect from discounting

Lease liabilities at December 31, 2019

Current

Non-Current

Lease liabilities at December 31, 2019

Buildings

$

35,764

4,869

(11,468)

29,165

Building

$

40,786

(2,839)

37,947

33,318

4,629

(2,183)

35,764

$

10,992

14,097

6,081

580

31,750

(1,947)

29,803

10,992

18,811

29,803

Potential future undiscounted cash outflows of $64,027 have not been included in the lease liability as it is not reasonably certain that the 
leases will be extended. The lease liability also does not include future undiscounted cash flows of $580 for leases the Company is committed 
to but has not yet commenced. 

Interest on lease liabilities

Variable lease payments not included lease liabilities

Lease expenses included in the consolidated statements of income (loss)

14. Other assets 

Due from related parties (note 25)

Loans to related parties (note 25)

Reinsurance assumed receivables 

Property and equipment 

Due from risk sharing pools

Investments in associates and joint ventures

Prepaid expenses

Other

Details of property and equipment are as noted below: 

Furniture

Computer

and

Leasehold

Projects in

equipment

equipment

improvements

progress

$

$

$

$

Cost

January 1, 2018

Additions

Disposals

Transfers

December 31, 2018

Additions

Disposals

Transfers

December 31, 2019

Accumulated amortization

January 1, 2018

Amortization 

Disposals

December 31, 2018

Amortization

December 31, 2019

Net carrying value

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2019

44,017

11

(1,578)

-

42,450

24

-

-

42,474

40,526

2,259

(1,290)

41,495

905

42,400

955

74

36,666

368

-

-

37,034

2,813

-

(1,142)

38,705

29,554

1,556

-

31,110

1,379

32,489

5,924

6,216

59,704

2,484

-

1,079

63,267

1,206

(1,014)

1,004

64,463

48,174

4,455

-

52,629

4,275

56,904

10,638

7,559

1,385

295

-

(1,079)

601

992

-

(1,004)

589

-

-

-

-

-

-

601

589

18,118

14,438

2019

$

861

5,725

6,586

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

35,714

300

3,040

14,438

3,879

7,061

3,540

7,308

75,280

2018

$

42,535

300

1,435

18,118

4,192

7,925

4,126

5,699

84,330

Total

$

141,772

3,158

(1,578)

-

143,352

5,035

(1,014)

(1,142)

146,231

118,254

8,270

(1,290)

125,234

6,559

131,793

88  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  89 

 
         
         
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
                       
                    
                     
 
 
 
                     
                      
                     
                     
                       
                      
                     
 
 
                     
                     
                       
                         
                     
                      
                     
                     
                     
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
                       
                       
 
 
 
                     
                     
                         
                         
                       
                       
                     
                     
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                     
                     
 
 
 
          
            
                
              
            
                
                
                  
                
                
          
                     
                         
                     
               
                  
                     
                  
             
                       
          
            
                
                
            
                
              
                  
                
                
                  
                     
                 
                     
               
                  
             
                  
             
               
          
            
                
                
            
          
            
                
                     
            
           
              
                  
                     
                
          
                     
                         
                     
               
          
            
                
                     
            
              
              
                  
                     
                
          
            
                
                     
            
              
              
                
                
              
                
              
                  
                
              
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

15. Provisions and other liabilities 

Information regarding the plan’s costs, liabilities and actuarial assumptions is as follows: 

Provision for advisor transition commissions

Advisor transition commission payable

Other provisions

Foreign currency forward contracts (note 5)

Other liabilities

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

137,873

17,300

8,767

71

2,601

166,612

2018

$

116,161

16,774

5,455

10,790

2,745

151,925

The provision for advisor transition commissions is an obligation to active advisors determined by accruing for the benefits earned to date on a 
present value basis assuming the cash flows associated with the earned benefits are paid out at the expected termination date. The provision 
is discounted at a rate of 2.80% (2018 - 3.67%) and assumes an average termination age of 56 (2018 - 57). A reconciliation of the provision for 
advisor transition commissions is provided below. 

Balance, beginning of year

Additional provision charged to income

Earning of advisor benefits

Interest expense

Settlements for advisor terminations

Change in assumptions

Balance, end of year

2019

$

2018

$

116,161

109,610

16,590

4,662

(9,616)

10,076

137,873

13,795

3,917

(7,910)

(3,251)

116,161

Accrued benefit obligation

Balance, beginning of year

Current service cost

Interest on accrued benefits 

Benefits paid

Remeasurement (gain) loss

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

Actuarial losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions

Balance, end of year

Elements of defined benefit cost recognized in the year

Current service cost

Interest on accrued benefits

Components of defined benefit costs recorded in net income (loss)

Remeasurements on the net defined benefit liability:

Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions

Actuarial losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions

Components of defined benefit costs recorded in OCI

Total components of defined benefit costs

2019

$

120,501

4,302

4,738

(4,050)

16,745

(13,575)

128,661

4,302

4,738

9,040

16,745

(13,575)

3,170

12,210

2018

$

126,686

4,749

4,366

(3,879)

(11,421)

-

120,501

4,749

4,366

9,115

(11,421)

-

(11,421)

(2,306)

Measurement uncertainty exists in valuing the components of retirement benefit obligations. Each assumption is determined by management 
based on current market conditions and experiential information available at the time; however, the long-term nature of the exposure and future 
fluctuations in the actual results makes the valuation uncertain. 

A 1% decrease in the discount rate would increase the provision for advisor transition commissions $8,957 (2018 - $8,100) and decrease net 
income by $6,539 (2018 - $5,913). A 2 year decrease in the average termination age would increase the provision for advisor transition 
commissions $4,146 (2018 - $5,275) and decrease net income by $3,026 (2018 - $3,851). Larger rate and age changes would have a 
corresponding impact to net income. 

16. Retirement benefit obligations 

The Company offers a defined contribution and medical, dental and life insurance plans for qualifying individuals. The primary pension plan is a 
defined contribution plan, which has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. 

a) Medical, dental and life insurance benefits  

The Company offers medical, dental and life insurance benefits for qualifying retirees and certain other individuals. The accrued benefit 
obligation has been determined as at December 31, 2019, based on updated actuarial assumptions from the valuation completed as at 
January 1, 2019. The plan is unfunded and the Company meets its obligation as it falls due. The next triennial valuation is due to be completed 
as at January 1, 2022.  

The significant actuarial assumptions were as follows: 

Significant assumptions

Discount rate

Assumed medical care cost trend rates as at December 31

Medical care cost trend rate

Cost trend rate declines to

Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at

Mortality

Retiring at the end of the reporting period:

Average life expectancy for male retiring at age 65

Average life expectancy for female retiring at age 65

Retiring 20 years after the end of the reporting period:

Average life expectancy for male retiring at age 65

Average life expectancy for female retiring at age 65

2019

3.25%

5.25%

4.50%

2022

22.0

24.3

23.1

25.3

2018

4.00%

5.50%

4.50%

2022

21.8

24.2

22.9

25.1

Assumptions regarding future mortality are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics.  

90  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  91 

 
                   
                   
                     
                     
                       
                       
                           
                     
                       
                       
                   
                   
 
 
 
                   
                   
                     
                     
                       
                       
                      
                      
                     
                      
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                       
                        
                           
                           
                           
                           
                          
                          
                         
                        
                        
                                  
                       
                        
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                         
                        
                        
                                  
                           
                        
                         
                          
 
 
                            
                             
                            
                             
                            
                             
                            
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

The sensitivity of the other benefit plan obligation to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is: 

17. Share capital 

Impact on other benefit plan obligation

The number of shares and the amounts per share are not in thousands. 

Significant assumptions

Discount rate

Medical and dental cost trend rates

Life expectancy

Change in 

assumption

Increase in

assumption

Decrease in

assumption

1.00%

Decrease by $21,703

Increase by $29,195

1.00%

Increase by $25,702

Decrease by $20,775

1 year

Increase by $7,402

Decrease by $7,233

The above sensitivity analyses are based on a change in an assumption while holding all other assumptions constant. In practice, this is 
unlikely to occur, and changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the sensitivity of the obligation to significant 
actuarial assumptions, the same projected unit credit method has been applied as when calculating the retirement benefit obligation recognized 
within the balance sheet. 

The weighted average duration of the accrued benefit liability is 21.7 years.  

Through its medical, dental and life insurance benefit plan, the Company is exposed to standard risks including changes in bond yields and life 
expectancy. The discount rate is derived from corporate bond yields and a decrease in the bond yields will increase the accrued benefit 
obligation. The medical and dental benefits are provided for the life of the member, so increases in life expectancy will increase the accrued 
benefit obligation. The ultimate cost of the plans will depend upon actual future events rather than the assumptions made. 

b) Defined contribution pension plan 

The Company has a defined contribution pension plan for all of its employees. The total cost recognized for the Company’s defined contribution 
plans is $16,846 (2018 - $15,447), which is recognized in general expenses in the consolidated statements of income (loss). 

Authorized senior preference shares 

Class A preference shares, Class B preference shares and Class E preference shares rank equally, and in priority to all other classes of 
preference and common shares. 

1,440,000 Class A preference shares, series A, non-cumulative dividend to be determined semi-annually by the Board of Directors 

subject to a minimum rate of 5% of the redemption value if declared, redeemable at the redemption value of $37.50 per share, 
with a stated value of $25 per share. Convertible to Class F preference shares, series A. The Company may redeem or 
purchase at any time, at its option, all or part of the shares for the redemption value in accordance with the terms and 
conditions set out in the Company’s By-law No. 2.

Unlimited Class A preference shares, series B, non-cumulative dividend to be determined semi-annually by the Board of Directors 

subject to a minimum rate of 5% of the redemption value if declared, redeemable at the redemption value of $100 per share, 
with a stated value of $100 per share. The Company may redeem or purchase at any time, at its option, all or part of the 
shares for the redemption value in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the Company’s By-law No. 2.

Unlimited Class B preference shares, non-cumulative dividend to be determined semi-annually by the Board of Directors subject to a 
minimum rate of 5% of the redemption value if declared, redeemable at the redemption value of $50 per share, with a stated 
value of $25 per share. Convertible to Class G preference shares, series A. The Company may redeem or purchase at any 
time, at its option, all or part of the shares for the redemption value in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in 
the Company’s By-law No. 2.

Unlimited Class E preference shares, series A, non-cumulative dividend, if declared, payable quarterly, the rate being 5.75% per annum 

until June 30, 2002. After June 30, 2002, dividends are the greater of 90% of the prime rate or 5.50%. On June 30, 2002 and 
thereafter on every fifth anniversary, the holder has the right to convert the Class E preference shares, series A preference 
shares into non-cumulative redeemable Class E preference shares, series B on a share for share basis. On June 30, 2002 
and thereafter on every fifth anniversary, the Company may redeem the whole issue at $25 per share. After June 30, 2002 at 
any date other than the anniversary dates, the Company may redeem the shares in whole or part for $25.50 per share. On 
June 30, 2007 the Company redeemed all of the Class E preference shares, series A at a cash redemption price per share of 
$25.00.

Unlimited Class E preference shares, series B, issued June 30, 2002 and every fifth year thereafter, only on conversion of Class E 

preference shares, series A. Non-cumulative dividend, if declared, payable quarterly. On the twenty-first day prior to June 30, 
2002 and every fifth anniversary thereafter, the dividend rate will be set at a minimum of 95% of the Government of Canada 
yield. On June 30, 2007 and every fifth anniversary, the Company may redeem the whole issue at $25 per share.

Unlimited Class E preference shares, series C, non-cumulative dividend, if declared, payable quarterly, the rate being $0.3125 per 

share, to yield 5.00% per annum. The initial dividend was declared and paid on September 30, 2007 and amounted to 
$0.3767 per share. On June 30, 2012 and thereafter, the Company may redeem at any time all or from time to time any part 
of the outstanding Class E preference shares, series C at the Company’s option, by payment of an amount in cash for each 
Class E preference shares, series C of $26.00 if redeemed during the 12 months commencing June 30, 2012, $25.75 if 
redeemed during the 12 months commencing June 20, 2013, $25.50 per share if redeemed during the 12 months 
commencing June 30, 2014, $25.25 per share if redeemed during the 12 months commencing June 30, 2015, and $25.00 per 
share if redeemed on or after June 30, 2016, together in each case with an amount equal to all declared and unpaid 
preferential dividends up to but excluding the date fixed for redemption.

Unlimited Class E preference shares, series D, non-cumulative dividend, if declared, payable quarterly, the rate being $1.8125 per 

share, to yield 7.25% per annum. The initial dividend was declared and paid on September 30, 2009 for $0.6505 per share. 
On June 30, 2014 and on June 30 every five year thereafter, the dividend rate will reset to be equal to the then current five-
year Government of Canada bond yield plus 5.21%.  The Class E preference shares, series D were not redeemable prior to 
June 30, 2014. On June 30, 2014 the Company redeemed all of the Class E preference shares, series D at a cash 
redemption price per share of $25.00.  

Unlimited Class E preference shares, series E, issued June 30, 2014 and on every fifth year thereafter, only on the conversion of Class 

E preference shares, series D.  Non-cumulative quarterly floating rate dividend, as and when declared, equal to the then 
current three-month Government of Canada Treasury Bill yield plus 5.21%.  The Company may redeem all or part of the 
outstanding Class E preference shares, series E at its option without the consent of the holder, by the payment of an 
amount in cash for each Class E preference shares, series E so redeemed of (i) $25.00 per share together with an amount 
equal to the sum of all declared and unpaid dividends up to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption in the case of 
redemptions on June 30, 2019 and on June 30 every fifth year after such date, or (ii) $25.50 per share together with an 
amount equal to the sum of all declared and unpaid dividends up to, but excluding, the date fixed for redemption in the case 
of redemptions on any other date after June 30, 2014 that is not a Class E preference shares, series E conversion date.

92  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  93 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Authorized junior preference shares 

Unlimited  Class C, preference shares issuable in series

100,000 Class C preference shares, series A, non-cumulative 6% dividend and a participating dividend up to 5%, each to be 

determined annually by the Board of Directors with a stated value of $100

Unlimited  Class D preference shares, series A, non-cumulative dividend to be determined annually by the Board of Directors, 

redeemable at $100 per share, with a stated value of $100 per share

Unlimited  Class D preference shares, series B, non-cumulative dividend to be determined annually by the Board of Directors, 

redeemable at $100 per share, with a stated value of $100 per share

Unlimited  Class D preference shares, series C, non-cumulative dividend to be determined annually by the Board of Directors, 

redeemable at $100 per share, with a stated value of $100 per share

Unlimited  Class F preference shares, series A, non-cumulative dividend subject to a minimum rate of 5% if declared to be determined 

annually by the Board of Directors, redeemable at $37.50 per share, with a stated value of $25 per share

Unlimited  Class G preference shares, series A, non-cumulative dividend subject to a minimum rate of 5% if declared to be determined 

annually by the Board of Directors, redeemable at $50 per share, with a stated value of $25 per share

Unlimited  Class H, Class I and Class J preference shares, these have been authorized but have been given no attributes and have not 

yet been issued. The Board of Directors has the right to define the attributes and issue as required

Authorized common shares 

Unlimited  Common Shares

The redemption of any share must be approved in advance by OSFI. 

The changes and the number of shares issued and outstanding are as follows: 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Beginning of year

Issued during the year

the year

End of year

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Redeemed during  

2018

Shares

$

Shares

164,287

4,107

-

$

-

Shares

$

Shares

$

44,469

1,109

119,818

2,998

Class A preference shares, 
   series A

Class A preference shares, 
   series B

690,759

69,075

99,896

9,990

42,487

4,249

748,168

74,816

Class B preference shares

426

11

Class D preference shares, 
   series A

Class D preference shares, 
   series B

Class D preference shares, 
   series C

Class E preference shares, 
   series C

Class F preference shares, 
   series A

Class G preference shares, 
   series A

13,803

1,380

42,535

4,254

43,184

4,318

4,000,000

100,000

488,624

12,216

14,984

375

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Common shares

21,503,693

48,076

2,996,232

181,700

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

422

11

13,803

1,380

42,535

4,254

43,184

4,318

4,000,000

100,000

488,624

12,216

14,984

375

24,499,925

229,776

Less staff share loan plan

243,812

15,972

227,840

191,690

5,358

430,144

16,692

413,452

The staff share loan plan consists of loans to employees of the Company’s ultimate parent and its subsidiaries for the purchase of the 
Company’s Class A, Series B preference shares. Loans are offered on an interest free basis to all employees at pre-determined intervals and 
are repaid through payroll withholdings and dividend payments. Loans are generally settled within ten years and are secured by the preference 
shares. The carrying value of the preferred shares closely approximates the fair value of the staff share loan plan. 

Beginning of year

Issued during the year

the year

End of year

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Number of

Amount

Dividends are as follows: 

Redeemed during  

During 2019, the Company issued 2,120,470 (2018 – 2,996,232) common shares with a value of $130,002 (2018 - $181,700) to its parent as a 
result of the acquisition of a business from a related party (note 26). 

Class A preference shares, 
   series A

Class A preference shares, 
   series B

Class B preference shares

Class D preference shares, 
   series A

Class D preference shares, 
   series B

Class D preference shares, 
   series C

Class E preference shares, 
   series C

Class F preference shares, 
   series A

Class G preference shares, 
   series A

2019

Shares

$

Shares

119,818

2,998

-

$

-

Shares

$

Shares

119,818

2,998

-

$

-

748,168

74,816

101,705

10,171

59,696

5,970

790,177

79,017

422

11

13,803

1,380

42,535

4,254

43,184

4,318

4,000,000

100,000

488,624

12,216

14,984

375

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

412

10

13,803

1,380

42,535

4,254

43,184

4,318

4,000,000

100,000

488,624

12,216

14,984

375

26,620,395

359,778

Dividends

Class A, series A

Class A, series B

Class B 

Class D, series A

Class D, series B

Class D, series C

Class E, series C

Class F, series A

Class G, series A

Common shares

2019

2018

Declared per

Paid per

Declared per

Declared

Share

Paid

share

Declared

Share

$

-

3,887

1

69

213

216

5,000

916

37

48,000

58,339

$

-

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

1.81

$

113

3,782

1

69

213

216

5,000

916

37

48,000

58,347

$

0.94

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

1.81

$

232

3,664

1

69

213

216

5,000

916

37

-

10,348

$

1.88

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

-

Paid per

share

$

1.88

5.00

2.50

5.00

5.00

5.00

1.25

1.88

2.50

-

Paid

$

274

3,521

1

69

213

216

5,000

916

37

-

10,247

Common shares

24,499,925

229,776

2,120,470

130,002

Less staff share loan plan

430,144

16,692

413,452

140,173

8,969

561,348

16,569

544,779

94  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  95 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
         
                  
                
        
         
                  
                
        
       
        
       
          
         
        
       
              
              
                  
                
                
               
              
              
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
     
      
                  
                
                  
                
     
      
        
       
                  
                
                  
                
        
       
          
            
                  
                
                  
                
          
            
   
      
     
      
                  
                
   
      
      
      
         
      
       
       
      
      
 
 
 
        
         
                  
                
          
         
        
         
        
       
          
         
          
         
        
       
              
              
                  
                
                  
                
              
              
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
          
         
                  
                
                  
                
          
         
     
      
                  
                
                  
                
     
      
        
       
                  
                
                  
                
        
       
          
            
                  
                
                  
                
          
            
   
       
     
      
                  
                
   
      
      
      
         
      
       
       
      
      
 
 
 
 
 
              
               
              
           
          
             
              
           
       
             
           
           
       
             
           
           
             
             
                  
           
             
             
                  
           
           
             
                
           
           
             
                
           
          
             
              
           
          
             
              
           
          
             
              
           
          
             
              
           
       
             
           
           
       
             
           
           
          
             
              
           
          
             
              
           
           
             
                
           
           
             
                
           
     
             
          
           
              
                  
                  
                
     
          
     
          
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

18. Earnings per share 

Earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income, after deducting total preferred share dividends, by the weighted average number of 
fully paid common shares outstanding throughout the year. 

Net income (loss)

Less dividends on preference shares declared

Net income (loss) available to common shareholders

Weighted average number of outstanding common shares

Earnings (losses) per share

19. Retained earnings 

2019

$

174,026

10,339

163,687

25,560

6.40

2018

$

(37,107)

10,348

(47,455)

23,359

(2.03)

The Company has charged $6,493 (2018 - $7,992) to retained earnings for the difference between the carrying value and the redemption 
amount of preferred shares. 

Class A preference shares, series A

Class B preference shares

Class F preference shares, series A

Class G preference shares, series A

20. Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale financial assets

Cumulative remeasurement of the retirement benefit obligations

Acquisition of a subsidiary from related party

21. Capital management 

2019

$

-

10

6,108

375

6,493

2018

$

1,498

11

6,108

375

7,992

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

210,575

(38,271)

-

172,304

2018

$

123,349

(35,948)

3,036

90,437

The Company views capital as a scarce and strategic resource. This resource protects the financial well-being of the organization, and is also 
critical in enabling the Company to pursue strategic business opportunities. Adequate capital also acts as a safeguard against possible 
unexpected losses, and as a basis for confidence in the Company by shareholders, policyholders, creditors and others.  

For the purpose of capital management, the Company has defined capital as shareholders’ equity excluding AOCI. The Company has a Capital 
Management Policy that is approved by the Board of Directors. The purpose of this policy is to protect and evaluate the allocation of capital as 
a scarce and strategic resource, maximize the return on invested capital, and to plan ahead for future capital needs. Capital is monitored by the 
Management Capital Committee at the Company’s ultimate parent level. 

Reinsurance is utilized to protect the Company’s capital from catastrophic loss arising from perils such as earthquake, tornado, wind, hail, flood 
or fire. The incidence and severity of catastrophic losses are inherently unpredictable. To limit the Company’s potential impact, it purchases 
reinsurance which will reimburse the Company for claims. Details of the Company’s reinsurance program are disclosed in note 7(e). The 
Company’s retention on any single event is $70,000 (2018 - $70,000), which represents approximately 4.2% (2018 - 4.5%) of the Company’s 
capital.  

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

On an annual basis, the appointed actuary prepares the DCAT analysis which projects and analyzes trends of capital adequacy under a variety 
of plausible adverse scenarios. Also on an annual basis, the Company performs stress testing in accordance with OSFI Guideline E-18. This 
testing evaluates the potential effects on the Company’s financial condition of a set of specified changes in risk factors, corresponding to 
exceptional but plausible adverse events. At least annually, the Company performs an Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) to 
determine the minimum amount of capital the Company can hold and still be within its risk appetite (ORSA Capital). The results of this 
assessment are provided to the Board of Directors. 

CGIC and some of its subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements defined by OSFI and the Insurance Companies Act (Canada). 
OSFI measures the financial strength of property and casualty insurers using the Minimum Capital Test (MCT). The MCT compares a 
company’s capital, including AOCI, against the risk profile of the organization. The risk-based capital adequacy framework assesses the risk of 
assets, insurance contracts, structured settlements, letters of credit, derivatives, unlicensed reinsurance and other exposures, by applying 
varying factors.   

The Company’s internal target or Minimum Internal MCT is determined through the ORSA Capital, while giving consideration to DCAT, internal 
stress testing results and OSFI’s supervisory target MCT. OFSI’s supervisory target is 150%. The Company’s Minimum Internal MCT, 
established by the Board of Directors is 180%. As at December 31, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries held capital in excess of both 
OSFI’s target ratio and internal minimums.  

22. Net earned premium  

Direct written premium

Assumed written premium (note 9)

Gross written premium

Ceded written premium (note 9)

Net written premium

Change in gross unearned premium

Change in ceded unearned premium

Net earned premium (note 7, 8)

23. Supplemental expense information 

Compensation costs

Retirement benefit obligations 

Amortization expense

Interest expense

Other

2019

$

3,752,390

27,778

3,780,168

(276,207)

3,503,961

(212,378)

(16,860)

3,274,723

2019

$

356,441

9,040

10,811

49

19,317

395,658

2018

$

3,295,864

19,946

3,315,810

(253,159)

3,062,651

(189,209)

13,435

2,886,877

2018

$

310,693

9,115

10,220

2

1,010

331,040

96  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  97 

 
 
                   
                    
                     
                     
                   
                    
                     
                     
                        
                       
 
 
 
 
                              
                       
                           
                           
                       
                       
                         
                         
                       
                       
 
 
 
                   
                   
                    
                    
                              
                       
                   
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                
                     
                     
                
                
                  
                  
                
                
                  
                  
                    
                     
                
                
 
 
 
                   
                   
                       
                       
                     
                     
                           
                             
                     
                       
                   
                   
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

24. Consolidated statements of cash flows 

25. Related party transactions  

a) Other non-cash items 

The following transactions were carried out with related parties: 

i) Items not requiring the use of cash

Investing activities gains

Impairment losses (note 5)

Amortization and depreciation of:

Bond premium/discount

Mortgage accretion

Intangible assets (note 12)

Property and equipment

Right-of-use assets (note 13)

Change in fair value of FVTPL invested assets (note 5)

Deferred income taxes (note 11)

Retirement benefit obligations

Loss from investments in joint ventures

ii) Changes in non-cash operating components

Insurance contracts

Reinsurance ceded contracts

Premiums due

Deferred acquisition expenses

Staff share loan plan

Accounts receivable and other assets

Accounts payable and accrued charges 

Income taxes payable/recoverable

Deferred income taxes (note 11)

Provisions and other liabilities

b) Supplemental information 

Interest and dividends received

Interest paid

Income taxes paid (net of recoveries)

2019

$

(100,568)

3,946

17,140

324

4,252

6,559

11,468

(5,823)

(9,680)

4,990

864

(66,528)

427,901

10,760

(177,536)

(20,004)

123

652

47,160

120,854

4,410

25,406

439,726

2019

$

201,379

908

(50,290)

2018

$

(2,309)

20,298

16,377

273

3,439

6,980

-

46,321

(10,827)

5,236

480

86,268

318,329

20,463

(104,302)

(29,402)

(720)

(13,161)

28,114

(54,991)

-

8,491

172,821

2018

$

160,798

-

33,382

Associates of

Associates and

companies under

Companies under

joint ventures

common control

common control

Parents

2019

Income  

Reinsurance premium

Other investment income

Income from associates and joint ventures 

Investment counselling services

Expenses

Reinsurance 

Corporate services

Agency force support

Employee benefit insurance

Product distribution and underwriting services

Dividends declared

Balances outstanding at year-end

Reinsurance assets

Reinsurance liabilities

Premiums due 

Due from related parties (note 14)

Loans to related parties (note 14)

Due to related parties 

$

-

-

(864)

-

(864)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,568

300

-

$

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

94,935

94,935

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,626

$

(71,933)

-

-

(5,100)

(77,033)

(74,900)

84

21

9,078

44,686

$

-

318

-

-

318

-

151,638

-

-

-

(21,031)

151,638

Total

$

(71,933)

318

(864)

(5,100)

(77,579)

(74,900)

151,722

21

9,078

139,621

225,542

-

49,451

49,451

30,411

3,580

17,202

13,390

-

9,292

-

-

-

19,756

-

12,993

30,411

3,580

17,202

35,714

300

25,911

98  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  99 

 
 
                  
                      
                       
                     
                     
                     
                         
                         
                       
                       
                       
                       
                     
                              
                      
                     
                      
                    
                       
                       
                         
                         
                    
                     
                   
                   
                     
                     
                  
                  
                    
                    
                         
                        
                         
                    
                     
                     
                   
                    
                       
                              
                     
                       
                   
                   
 
 
                   
                   
                         
                              
                    
                     
 
 
 
 
                          
                              
                     
                     
           
                          
                              
                               
                
                
                     
                              
                               
                     
               
                          
                              
                       
                     
             
                     
                              
                     
                
           
                          
                              
                     
                     
           
                          
                              
                            
          
          
                          
                              
                            
                     
                  
                          
                              
                        
                     
              
                          
                     
                      
                     
          
                          
                     
                     
          
          
                          
                              
                               
            
            
                          
                              
                      
                     
            
                          
                              
                        
                     
              
                          
                              
                      
                     
            
                   
                              
                      
            
            
                      
                              
                               
                     
                
                          
                       
                        
            
            
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

Associates of

Associates and

companies under

Companies under

joint ventures

common control

common control

Parents

2018

Income 

Reinsurance premium

Other investment income

Net realized gains

Income from associates and joint ventures 

Investment counselling services

Expenses

Reinsurance 

Corporate services

Employee benefit insurance

Product distribution and underwriting services

Dividends declared

Balances outstanding at year-end

Reinsurance assets

Reinsurance liabilities

Premiums due 

Due from related parties (note 14)

Loans to related parties (note 14)

Due to related parties 

$

-

-

-

(829)

-

(829)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7,811

300

-

$

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

126,050

126,050

-

-

-

-

-

-

17

$

(54,446)

-

-

-

(5,123)

(59,569)

(56,306)

107

7,088

38,457

$

-

222

6,303

-

-

-

126,594

-

-

(56,306)

126,701

7,088

164,507

241,990

(10,654)

126,594

-

1,451

1,451

49,174

15,671

15,110

9,639

-

1,069

-

-

-

25,085

-

14,725

49,174

15,671

15,110

42,535

300

15,811

In the table above, the use of the term ‘Parents’ includes all related party transactions with the immediate and ultimate parent companies, as 
defined in note 1. Included in ‘Companies under common control’ are all related party transactions between companies that are controlled by 
the same ultimate parent company. Included in ‘Associates and joint ventures’ are all related party transactions where the Company has 
significant influence or joint control. All transactions between CGIC and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation and are not 
disclosed in this note, except for those transactions with CUMIS General occurring before the acquisition date of April 1, 2018; refer to note 26 
for further detail. 

During the year, the Company changed the presentation of “Corporate services” (previously named ‘Management services’) received by the 
Parents. Corporate services currently includes all significant shared services received, including shared information technology and workplace 
services costs. This change provides more relevant information about the nature of the corporate services received. In 2018, corporate 
services were presented as management services and excluded shared information technology and workplace services costs of $81,764. 

With the exception of the management services, which are based on an internal contract, all other services are in the normal course of 
business and are established at agreed upon terms and conditions.  

During the year, the Company recognized the benefit of $6,785 (2018 - $4,872) in its income tax expense relating to income tax losses of a 
related party which the Company purchased from CFSL by issuing 105,559 common shares (2018 – 87,341) for a nominal value (2018 - 
nominal value).  

The amounts due to/from related parties represent current accounts with related parties and are generally settled within 30 days. 

Key management personnel of the Company includes all directors and executive and senior management. The summary of compensation to 
key management personnel for the year is as follows: 

Total

$

(54,446)

222

6,303

(829)

(5,123)

Salaries and other short-term benefits

Post-employment benefits

Other long-term benefits

Total compensation of key management personnel

2019

$

17,534

2,282

2,098

21,914

2018

$

14,474

1,928

2,211

18,613

6,525

(53,873)

26. Business combinations under common control 

Acquisition of business from H.B Group Insurance Management Ltd. (HB) 

On May 27, 2019, CGIC entered into an agreement with a company under common control, HB, to acquire a line of business that provides 
brokerage services for group home and auto insurance across Canada.  Both parties to the agreement are owned 100% by CFSL. The 
Company has applied the predecessor accounting method and recorded the acquisition at the carrying values of the net assets. The difference 
between the carrying value and the consideration exchanged was recorded through shareholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements. 

The fair value of the consideration exchanged of $130,002 was funded by CGIC through the issuance of common shares to its parent, CFSL. 
The carrying value of net assets acquired was $nil. The acquisition provides CGIC with direct access to HB’s customer base. 

Acquisition of CUMIS General 

On April 1, 2018, CGIC entered into an agreement with a company under common control, CUMIS Services Incorporated, to acquire 100% of 
the common shares of CUMIS General, a property and casualty insurance company. Both parties to the agreement are owned 100% by CFSL. 
The Company has applied the predecessor accounting method and recorded the acquisition at the carrying value of CUMIS General. As of the 
date of the acquisition, the results of the operations of CUMIS General are included in these consolidated financial statements. The difference 
between the carrying value and the consideration exchanged was recorded through shareholders’ equity in the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements.   

The fair value of consideration exchanged of $179,160 was paid in cash. CGIC funded this transaction through the issuance of common shares 
to its parent, CFSL. The internal reorganization simplifies the overall structure of CGL by aligning the property and casualty operations under a 
common legal entity. 

100  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  101 

                          
                              
                     
                     
           
                          
                              
                               
                
                
                          
                              
                               
              
              
                     
                              
                               
                     
               
                          
                              
                       
                     
             
                     
                              
                     
              
           
                          
                              
                     
                     
           
                          
                              
                          
          
          
                          
                              
                        
                     
              
                          
                    
                      
                     
          
                          
                    
                     
          
          
                          
                              
                               
              
              
                          
                              
                      
                     
            
                          
                              
                      
                     
            
                          
                              
                      
                     
            
                   
                              
                        
            
            
                      
                              
                               
                     
                
                          
                            
                        
            
            
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
                     
                       
                       
                       
                       
                     
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

 (Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

The table below summarizes the consideration paid for CUMIS General and the amounts recognized for the assets acquired, liabilities 
assumed, and through equity as at the acquisition date. 

27. Segmented information 

Carrying value of assets acquired

Cash and cash equivalents 

Invested assets including securities on loan

Premiums due

Reinsurance ceded contracts 

Deferred acquisition expenses

Deferred income taxes

Income taxes recoverable

Intangible assets 

Other assets 

Carrying value of liabilities acquired

Accounts payable and accrued charges

Insurance contracts

Provisions and other liabilities 

Net assets acquired

Fair value of consideration exchanged

Difference allocated through equity

Allocated to:

Contributed capital

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Difference allocated through equity

As at

April 1, 2018

$

2,357

219,741

30,938

82,713

39,225

4,961

481

7,528

2,985

390,929

6,748

287,274

102

294,124

96,805

179,160

(82,355)

(9,258)

(76,133)

3,036

(82,355)

For the year ended December 31, 2018, CUMIS General contributed net earned premium of $109,672 and income before taxes of $2,648 to 
the Company’s consolidated statements of income (loss). Had CUMIS General been acquired on January 1, 2018, it would have contributed 
net earned premium of $145,045 and income before taxes of $5,085 to the Company’s consolidated statements of income (loss). 

The Company’s results of operations are reviewed by senior management and the Board of Directors based on one operating and reporting 
segment, property and casualty operations. 

Regulatory information 

The carrying amount of the Company’s subsidiaries’ aggregate share capital are as follows: 

December 31,

December 31,

2019

$

45,953

105,507

109,672

67,801

14,959

343,892

2018

$

45,953

105,507

109,672

63,301

11,373

335,806

Sovereign

COSECO

CUMIS General

CIAL

CSGC

Total carrying amount of subsidiaries' share capital

Related party revenue 

Less than 1% (2018 - 1%) of revenue is generated from related parties. 

Geographic information 

The Company operates exclusively in Canada, writing business in all provinces and territories. 

Major customers 

The Company derives its source of revenue from many policyholders, none of which generate more than 10% of the revenue total. 

28. Contingencies, commitments and guarantees 

The Company is subject to litigation arising in the normal course of conducting its insurance business. The Company is of the opinion that this 
litigation will not have a significant effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. In addition, the Company 
is from time to time subject to litigation other than the litigation relating to claims under its policies. Legal proceedings are often subject to 
numerous uncertainties and it is not possible to predict the outcome of individual cases. In management’s opinion, the Company has made 
adequate provision for, or has adequate insurance to cover all claims and legal proceedings. Consequently, any settlements reached should 
not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position of the Company.  

The Company provides indemnification agreements for directors and certain officers acting as directors on behalf of the Company, to the extent 
permitted by law, against certain claims made against them as a result of their services to the Company. The Company purchases directors 
and officers insurance to mitigate the potential financial impact associated with these commitments. The limits of insurance purchased are 
compared to Canadian benchmarks obtained from the financial institutions practice of the Company’s broker and other industry sources. They 
are consistent with limits purchased by organizations of similar size and are in amounts management believes to be adequate and reasonable. 

The Company has entered into commitments with private equity funds to invest $71,701 (2018 - $51,676) as well as US$177,500 (2018 - 
US$115,000) of capital contributions into limited partnership structures. Capital contributions may be called upon by the General Partner in 
such amounts and at such times as the General Partner shall deem appropriate. At December 31, 2019, the Company has provided capital 
contributions of $162,548 (2018 - $121,460) to finance these limited partnership investments, which are included in note 5. 

102  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  103 

 
                       
                   
                     
                     
                     
                       
                         
                       
                       
                   
                       
                   
                         
                   
                     
                   
                    
                      
                    
                       
                    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
                     
                     
                     
                     
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 
(Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for per share amounts and where otherwise noted) 

29. Rate regulated entities 

Automobile insurance is regulated as to the nature and extent of benefits in all provinces. Additionally, the establishment and management of 
rating structures and algorithms, as well as underwriting rules, are regulated in the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, 
Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador where private insurance systems exist. The Company’s access to write automobile 
insurance is limited and regulated in those provinces with publicly-run automobile insurance programs.  

The Company’s claims costs are influenced by governments to the extent they pass legislation or regulations that change the nature and extent 
of benefits and other requirements that impact claims costs and the settlement process.  

The Company is subject to three types of regulatory processes, known as rate filings, to modify their rating structures and algorithms. 
Depending on the content and/or impact of the filing, one process is prescribed in the regulation as follows: 

Category

File and use

File and approve

Description

Insurers file their rates with the regulatory authority and wait a specific amount of time before implementing them

Insurers file their rates with the regulatory authority and wait for approval before implementing them

Use and file

Insurers file their rates with the regulatory authority within a specified period after they are implemented

The following table lists the provincial authorities which regulate automobile insurance rates. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 
automobile direct written premium in these provinces comprised 45.4% (2018 - 44.8%) of the Company’s total direct written premiums during 
the year. 

Jurisdiction

Alberta

Regulatory authority

Alberta Automobile Insurance Rate Board

Newfoundland and Labrador

Public Utilities Board

Regulatory process

File and approve

File and use or file and approve

New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Prince Edward Island

Quebec

New Brunswick Insurance Board

File and approve

Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board

File and use or file and approve

Financial Services Regulatory Authority

Island Regulatory and Appeals Commission

Authorite des Marches Financiers

File and use

File and use

Use and file

Corporate directory

REGION VICE-PRESIDENTS

Patrick Décarie  
Atlantic/Quebec Region
3080 le Carrefour Blvd., Suite 700
Laval, QC  H7T 2R5
Phone: (514) 703-0983
Fax: (418) 877-6592

Mark Feeney
Central Ontario Region
1720 Bishop Street N
Cambridge, ON  N1T 1T2
Phone: (519) 618-1216
Fax: (519) 623-9943

Chris Ross
Western Region 
5550 1 Street SW 
Calgary, AB  T2H 0C8
Phone: (403) 221-7137
Fax: (403) 221-7106

Don Viau
North East and West Ontario Region
1547 Merivale Road, Suite 400
Nepean, ON  K2G 4V3
Phone: (613) 683-1327
Fax: (613) 727-2607

CUMIS GENERAL  
INSURANCE COMPANY 
151 North Service Road
Burlington, ON  L7R 4C2
Phone: (800) 263-9121
cumis.com

Lisa Guglietti
Executive Vice-President and Chief 
Operating Officer, P&C Manufacturing 

Bob Hague
Executive Vice-President,  
President Credit Union Distribution 

COSECO INSURANCE COMPANY
5600 Cancross Court
Mississauga, ON  L5R 3E9
Phone: (800) 387-1963
cooperatorsgroupinsurance.ca

Lisa Guglietti
Executive Vice-President and Chief 
Operating Officer, P&C Manufacturing 

THE SOVEREIGN GENERAL
INSURANCE COMPANY
Sovereign Centre
140, 6700 MacLeod Trail SE
Calgary, AB T2H 0L3
Phone: (403) 298-4200
sovereigngeneral.ca

Steve Phillips 
Executive Vice-President  
and Chief Operating Officer

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL
INSURANCE COMPANY
130 Macdonell Street
Guelph, ON  N1H 6P8
Phone: (519) 824-4400
service@cooperators.ca
cooperators.ca

Robert Wesseling
President and Chief Executive Officer  

Kevin Daniel
Executive Vice-President and  
Chief Client Officer

Emmie Fukuchi
Executive Vice-President and  
Chief Digital & Marketing Officer

Lisa Guglietti
Executive Vice-President and Chief 
Operating Officer, P&C Manufacturing 

Paul Hanna
Executive Vice-President, 
Member Relations, Governance and 
Corporate Services

Karen Higgins
Executive Vice-President and  
Chief Financial Officer

Carol Poulsen
Executive Vice-President and  
Chief Information Officer

INVESTOR RELATIONS

Lesley Christodoulou
Vice-President, Corporate Finance Services
130 Macdonell Street
Guelph, ON  N1H 6P8
Phone: (519) 767-3909
Fax: (519) 763-5152
lesley_christodoulou@cooperators.ca

104  CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  105

SHARE LISTINGS
The Toronto Stock Exchange Symbol
“CCS.PR.C”

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board of
Directors

John Harvie
Chairperson
Atlantic

Denis Laverdière
Vice-Chairperson
Atlantic

Robert Wesseling
President and Chief Executive Officer

ALBERTA
Hazel Corcoran
Jim Laverick
Bob Petryk

ATLANTIC 
Michael Mac Isaac

BRITISH COLUMBIA
Phil Baudin
Bill Kiss
Marilyn Loewen Mauritz

MANITOBA
Jocelyn VanKoughnet

ONTARIO
Denis Bourdeau
Chris Johnson
Rick Hoevenaars
Geri Kamenz
Robert Paterson
Reba Plummer
Jack Wilkinson
Alexandra Wilson

QUEBEC
Louis-H. Campagna
Jessica Provencher

SASKATCHEWAN
Gilles Colbert
Collette Robertson

Member organizations

The membership of The Co-operators Group Limited consists primarily of co-operative organizations,  
credit union centrals and representative farm organizations.

Ontario
> Caisse Populaire Alliance Limitée
> Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada†
> Gay Lea Foods Co-operative Limited
> GROWMARK, Inc.
> Ontario Federation of Agriculture
> Ontario Organic Farmers Co-operative Inc.
> St-Albert Cheese Co-operative Inc.
> United Steelworkers ‒ District 6†

Quebec
> Fédération des coopératives d’alimentation du Québec
> Fédération des coopératives funéraires du Québec
>  Fédération québécoise des coopératives en  

milieu scolaire/COOPSCO

> La Coop fédérée
> La Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec
> william.coop

Saskatchewan
> Access Communications Co-operative Limited
> Agricultural Producers Association of Saskatchewan
> Credit Union Central of Saskatchewan
> Federated Co-operatives Limited†
> Regina Community Clinic

† Multi-region member

Alberta
> Alberta Federation of Agriculture
>  Alberta Federation of Rural  
Electrification Associations

> Credit Union Central Alberta Limited
> Federation of Alberta Gas Co-ops Ltd.
> UFA Co-operative Limited

Atlantic
> Amalgamated Dairies Limited
> Atlantic Central
> Atlantic Retail Co-operatives Federation
> Canadian Worker Co-operative Federation†
>  Newfoundland-Labrador Federation  

of Co-operatives

> Northumberland Cooperative Limited
> Scotian Gold Cooperative Limited
> UNI Coopération Financière

British Columbia
> Agrifoods International Cooperative Limited†
> BC Agriculture Council
> BC Tree Fruits Cooperative
> Central 1 Credit Union†
> Modo Co-operative
> Mountain Equipment Co-op†
> PBC Health Benefits Society
> Realize Strategies Co-op

Manitoba
> Arctic Co-operatives Limited
> Caisse Populaire Groupe Financier Ltée
> Credit Union Central of Manitoba Limited
> Granny’s Poultry Cooperative (Manitoba) Ltd.
> Keystone Agricultural Producers

106 CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT

CO-OPERATORS GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT  107

The Co-operators, 130 Macdonell Street, Guelph, ON N1H 6P8
Phone: (519) 824-4400 | cooperators.ca | service@cooperators.ca
Available in French ~ Disponible en français
Released March 10, 2020 | COM368 (03/20)

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