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Comtech Telecommunications Corp.

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FY2021 Annual Report · Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
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COMTECH

CONNECTIONS THAT MATTER®

ANNUAL REPORT 2021

CONNECTIONS THAT MATTER®

With a passion for customer success, Comtech is a leading global
provider of next-generation 911 emergency systems and critical
wireless communication technologies.

911 Public Safety  
and Security 

 Satellite and Space
Communications

 
 
 
 
I  would  like  to  once  again  thank  our 
loyal  customers  and  business  partners,  
employees  and  their  leadership  teams,  
the  Board  of  Directors  and  our  
shareholders  that  have  supported  me 
throughout all of my years of leadership 
and  service  to  Comtech.  It  has  truly 
been an honor to serve in this capacity. 
As  I  hand  over  the  reins,  I  believe  we 
have  the  right  strategy,  the  right  team 
and the right focus to create long-term 
value  for  our  shareholders  for  many 
years ahead.

Respectfully, 

Fred Kornberg
Chairman of the Board and 
Chief Executive Officer 

To Our Fellow Shareholders

I  am  incredibly  proud  of  our  many 
accomplishments  during  fiscal  2021. 
Our results for the year demonstrate the 
strong  market  leadership  positions  we 
have and the resilience of our business. 
Despite  the  headwind  of  COVID-19 
and related issues impacting almost all 
of  our  global  customers,  we  achieved  
consolidated  net  sales  of  $581.7  
million  in  fiscal  2021.    Additionally, 
fueled  by  over  $200.0  million  of  next 
generation  911  (“NG-911”)  contract 
awards, we experienced strong bookings 
of $623.1 million, achieved a book-to-bill  
ratio  of  1.07x  and  ended  the  fiscal 
year  with  healthy  backlog  of  $658.9  
million,  which  represents  a  $38.0  
million  improvement  as  compared  to 
last fiscal year end. 

Also, in fiscal 2021, we were successful 
in  winning  a  highly  coveted  multi-year 
contract  from  a  large  new  customer  to 
customize our next generation broadband  
satellite  technologies  to  be  used  with 
thousands  of  Low  Earth  Orbit  satellites 
reported to be launch over the next several  
years.  When  adding  our  backlog  and 
the  total  unfunded  value  of  multi-year  
contracts  that  we  have  received,  our 
future  revenue  visibility  exceeds  well 
over  $1.0  billion,  and  that  does  not 
include the several hundreds of millions 
of dollars of potential LEO opportunities 
associated with our large new customer.   
It’s  visibility  like  that  which  makes  me 
confident in our future.

Having  added 
revolutionary  TDMA  
technologies  to  our  satellite  ground 
station business through the acquisition 
of  UHP  Networks  Inc.,  and  with  our 
continued  success  in  winning  large 
statewide  deployments  of  our  NG-911 
core services, we have further expanded  
leadership  positions.  
our  market 

leading  consulting 

But don’t just take my word for it. Frost & 
Sullivan, a leading industry research firm, 
recognized  Comtech  for  achieving  the 
most  significant  year-over-year  market  
share increase among all NG-911 contract  
holders  and  Northern  Sky  Research,  
another 
firm,  
recognized us as a leader in the growing  
satellite  cellular  backhaul  market.  As 
we  look  to  fiscal  2022  and  beyond,  
I don’t believe our work here is finished, 
as I believe we have many opportunities  
to  continue  advancing  our  growing  
dominance  in  these  secure  wireless 
communications  markets.  With  our 
innovation 
proven  track  record  of 
and  strengthening  positions  on  large  
developing  near-term  opportunities,  
I continue to be excited about our long 
term prospects.

is  already  making 

As  part  of  our  ongoing  Board 
refreshment  process,  we 
recently 
announced  that  three  of  our  longest- 
serving outside directors will be retiring 
as  of  the  upcoming  annual  meeting. 
These directors have been wise stewards 
of  our  business  and,  on  behalf  of  our 
shareholders, I want to personally thank 
them  for  their  tireless  efforts.  At  the 
same time, I would like to welcome our 
newest Board member, Judy Chambers, 
invaluable  
who 
contributions  to  Comtech.  Finally,  we 
also recently announced, as part of our 
ongoing  succession  plan,  that  Michael 
D.  Porcelain,  our  President  and  Chief 
Operating  Officer,  will  become  Chief 
Executive Officer by the end of calendar  
2021,  at  which  point  Mr.  Porcelain  
will  also  join  our  Board  of  Directors  
and  continue  as  President.  I  want  to  
personally  congratulate  Mike  on  his 
well-deserved appointment. Mike brings  
to  his  new  role  a  track  record  of  
professional dedication and achievement  
and a deep knowledge of Comtech.

 
 
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

NET SALES

$671,797

ADJUSTED EBITDA

$570,589

$550,368

$616,715

$581,695

$93,472

$78,374

$77,803

$76,519

$70,705

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

BOOKINGS

$755,054

$724,056

$623,076

$584,448

$512,593

BACKLOG

$682,954

$630,695

$658,896

$620,912

$446,230

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2017 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

Note: Comtech’s fiscal year end is July 31
$ in thousands

 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number:    0-7928

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation /organization)

11-2139466
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

68 South Service Road, Suite 230,
Melville, NY
(Address of principal executive offices)

11747
(Zip Code)

(631) 962-7000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class

Common Stock, par value $.10 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading Symbol(s)
CMTL

Name of each exchange on which registered
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Series A Junior Participating Cumulative 
Preferred Stock, par value $0.10 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐ Yes

☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act.
☐ Yes

☒ No

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  (1)  has  filed  all  reports  required  to  be  filed  by  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒ Yes

☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period 
that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☒ Yes

☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting  company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  "large  accelerated  filer,"  "accelerated  filer," 
"smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer

☒
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period 
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management’s  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness  of  its  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. 
☒

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes

☒ No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the 
closing sales price as quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on January 31, 2021 was approximately $523,931,000.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on September 30, 2021 was 26,335,695.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE.

Certain portions of the document listed below have been incorporated by reference into the indicated Part of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K:

Proxy Statement for 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders - Part III

INDEX

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

Corporate Strategies
Competitive Strengths
Business Segments

Commercial Solutions Segment
Government Solutions Segment 

Acquisitions
Sales, Marketing and Customer Support
Backlog
Manufacturing and Service
Research and Development
Intellectual Property
Competition
Human Capital
U.S. Government Contracts and Security Clearances 
Regulatory Matters

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

PART II

Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Return
Dividends
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders

ITEM 6.

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

i

1

2
2
5
6
8
10
10
11
12
13
13
14
14
15
16

17

44

45

47

47

47

47
48
48
48
48

48

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 

OF OPERATIONS

Overview
Critical Accounting Policies
Results of Operations

Impact of COVID-19 and Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022
Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020
Comparison of Fiscal 2020 and 2019

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR

INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

SIGNATURES

51

51
52
57
58
59
67
73
77

78

78

78

79

79

80

80

80

80

80

81

83

84

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

F-1

ii

Note:  As  used  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  the  terms  "Comtech,"  "we,"  "us,"  "our"  and  "our  Company"  mean 
Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and its subsidiaries.

Note About Forward-Looking Statements 

This  Form  10-K  contains  "forward-looking  statements,"  including  statements  concerning  the  future  of  our  industry,  product 
development, pending litigation, potential transactions, business strategy, continued acceptance of our products, market demand 
and  growth,  and  dependence  on  significant  customers.  These  statements  can  be  identified  by  the  use  of  forward-looking 
terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," 
"potential," "continue," the negative of these terms, or other similar words or comparable terminology. In general, all statements 
of  fact  in  this  report  other  than  statements  of  historical  fact  are  forward-looking  information.  When  considering  forward-
looking  statements,  you  should  keep  in  mind  the  risk  factors  and  other  cautionary  statements  included  in  this  Form  10-K, 
because these risks and factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those described in such forward-looking 
statements.  However,  the  risks  described  in  this  Form  10-K  are  not  the  only  risks  that  we  face.  Additional  risks  and 
uncertainties, not currently known to us or that do not currently appear to be material, may also materially adversely affect our 
business, financial condition and/or operating results in the future. We describe risks and uncertainties that could cause actual 
results and events to differ materially in "Risk Factors" (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K), "Management’s Discussion and 
Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations"  (Part  II,  Item  7  of  this  Form  10-K)  and  "Quantitative  and 
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" (Part II, Item 7A of this Form 10-K). We do not intend to update or revise publicly 
any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS

We are a leading global provider of next-generation 911 emergency systems ("NG-911") and secure wireless communications 
technologies.  Our  solutions  fulfill  our  customers’  needs  for  secure  wireless  communications  in  some  of  the  most  demanding 
environments, including those where traditional communications are unavailable or cost-prohibitive, and in mission-critical and 
other scenarios where performance is crucial. In recent years, an increase in market demand for global voice, video and data 
usage has contributed to our growth. We provide our solutions to both commercial and governmental customers.

As more fully described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, we navigated the challenges of operating our global business during the 
period where COVID-19 impacted many of our customers. We achieved fiscal 2021 consolidated net sales of $581.7 million 
and achieved significant year-over-year bookings and backlog growth. We completed the acquisition of a leading provider of 
innovative and disruptive satellite ground station technology solutions. We also entered into a multi-year agreement enabling a 
large new customer to potentially order hundreds of millions of dollars of our next-generation satellite earth station technology 
that can be used with thousands of Low-Earth-Orbit ("LEO") satellites reportedly being launched over the next several years. 
Adding  to  our  strength,  we  won  over  $200.0  million  of  new  NG-911  contract  awards  that  we  believe  can  provide  years  of 
recurring revenue. We believe that as COVID-19 subsides and the global economy fully reopens, our business performance in 
future periods will improve from current levels.

Our  Business  Outlook  for  Fiscal  2022  is  discussed  further  in  Part  II  -  "Item  7.  Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of 
Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Impact of COVID-19 and Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022." For a definition 
and  explanation  of  Adjusted  EBITDA,  see  Part  II  -  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition 
and Results of Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020 - Adjusted EBITDA."

Our  Internet  website  is  www.comtechtel.com  and  we  make  available  on  our  website:  our  filings  with  the  Securities  and 
Exchange  Commission  ("SEC"),  including  annual  reports,  quarterly  reports,  current  reports  and  any  amendments  to  those 
filings. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained therein 
into this Form 10-K. We also use our website to disseminate other material information to our investors (on the Home Page and 
in the "Investor Relations" section). Among other things, we post on our website our press releases and information about our 
public conference calls (including the scheduled dates, times and the methods by which investors and others can listen to those 
calls), and we make available for replay webcasts of those calls and other presentations for a limited time.

We also use social media channels to communicate with customers and the public about our Company, our products, services 
and  other  issues,  and  we  use  social  media  and  the  Internet  to  communicate  with  investors,  including  information  about  our 
stockholder  meetings.  Information  and  updates  about  our  Annual  Meetings  will  continue  to  be  posted  on  our  website  at 
www.comtechtel.com in the "Investor Relations" section.

1

We are incorporated in the state of Delaware and were founded in 1967.

Corporate Strategies 

We intend to manage our business with the following principal corporate strategies:

•

•

Seek leadership positions in markets where we can provide differentiated products and technology solutions;

Identify and participate in emerging technologies that enhance or expand our product portfolio;

• Maximize responsiveness to our customers, including offering more integrated systems and solutions;

•

•

Expand and further penetrate our diversified and balanced customer base; and

Pursue acquisitions of complementary businesses and technologies.

Competitive Strengths

The successful execution of our principal corporate strategies is based on our competitive strengths, including the following:

(1) We Have Significant Exposure to Large, Growing End Markets

We  believe  we  are  well  positioned  to  capitalize  on  some  of  the  most  significant  long-term  technology  trends  occurring 
worldwide  and  that  customers  around  the  world  will  increasingly  turn  to  us  to  fulfill  their  needs  for  secure  wireless 
communications  in  some  of  the  most  demanding  environments,  including  those  where  traditional  communications  are 
unavailable  or  cost-prohibitive,  and  in  mission-critical  and  other  scenarios  where  performance  is  crucial.  These  important 
technology  trends  include  the  expansion  of  5G  mobile  networks  and  the  integration  of  satellite  communications  into  mobile 
phones, the need for public safety agencies to seamlessly integrate various networks and protocols and utilize precise location to 
connect individuals with first responders, the expanding breadth of High Definition ("HD") and 4K broadcasting content, and 
the  need  for  governments  to  have  more  modern  and  mobile  communications  and  transmission  equipment  to  successfully 
complete  mission-critical  goals.  We  believe  that  all  these  long-term  trends  generate  growth  in  global  voice,  video  and  data 
usage that, in turn, drives increased long-term demand for the secure wireless communications solutions that we provide. 

We  are  in  the  process  of  further  focusing  both  our  research  and  development  and  marketing  efforts  to  advance  our  next-
generation satellite technology solution offerings that are targeted for use on new broadband satellite constellations. Thousands 
of new LEO, medium-earth-orbit ("MEO") and even geosynchronous equatorial orbit ("GEO") satellites are reportedly being 
launched over the next several years. Satellite constellations will provide internet access across the world, support increasing 
demand for data transmission, and will be facilitated by solutions that we provide, including ground station equipment such as 
Single  Channel  per  Carrier  ("SCPC")  and  time  division  multiple  access  (“TDMA”)  modems,  solid-state  amplifiers  and  X/Y 
steerable  antennas.  In  fiscal  2021,  we  entered  into  a  strategic  and  highly  valued  multi-year  agreement  enabling  a  large  new 
customer to potentially order hundreds of millions of dollars of our next-generation satellite earth station technology that can be 
used with the thousands of LEO satellites reportedly being launched over the next several years. Shortly after we signed this 
agreement,  we  received  our  first  order  valued  at  more  than  $13.0  million  to  make  certain  customizations  on  behalf  of  this 
customer. Work on these efforts commenced immediately.

2

(2) We Believe We Are a Market Leader in the End-Markets That We Serve 

Commercial Solutions Segment
Satellite Ground Station Technologies - We believe we are the leading provider of satellite earth station modems, solid-state 
amplifiers and traveling wave tube amplifiers. Many of our key satellite earth station modems incorporate Turbo Product Code 
("TPC")  or  Low  Density  Parity  Check  ("LDPC")  forward  error  correction  and  bandwidth  compression  technologies,  which 
enable our customers to optimize their satellite networks by either reducing their satellite transponder lease costs or increasing 
data throughput. We hold leadership positions in the market for high throughput modems used in cellular backhaul, a market 
that has been rapidly growing due to increased mobile phone use as well as LTE and 5G deployments. In fiscal 2021, we added 
to  our  product  portfolio  software-defined  TDMA  technology,  which  delivers  industry-leading  bandwidth-efficiency  and 
flexibility to our customers. Our amplifier products are used to amplify signals carrying voice, video or data for air-to-satellite-
to-ground  communications  and  are  vital  to  satellite  communication  applications  such  as  traditional  broadcast,  direct-to-home 
("DTH") broadcast and satellite newsgathering. We differentiate our amplifier product offerings by our ability to develop the 
most  efficient  size,  weight  and  power  profile.  We  believe  that  our  expertise  complying  with  regulatory  and  performance 
restrictions, particularly in challenging frequency bands such as X, Ka and Q, is a key differentiator. Demand for equipment in 
these  challenging  frequency  bands  is  expected  to  grow  over  the  coming  years  as  new  constellations  are  launched,  such  as 
Amazon Kuiper, SpaceX Starlink, Telesat Lightspeed and High Throughput Satellites ("HTS") from other providers. Certain of 
our  amplifiers  are  DO-160  certified  (an  airborne  quality  standard)  and  when  incorporated  into  an  aircraft  satellite 
communication  system,  can  provide  passengers,  both  commercial  and  military,  with  email,  Internet  access  and  video 
conferencing.

Public Safety and Location Technologies - In fiscal 2021, we were recognized by Frost & Sullivan, a leading industry research 
firm,  for  registering  the  most  significant  year-over-year  market  share  increase  among  all  NG-911  primary  contract  holders, 
growing our market share from an estimated 17.3% in 2019 to 26.2% in 2020, as calculated by Frost & Sullivan. By closing 
statewide  contracts  in  Arizona,  Iowa,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  South  Carolina,  our  direct  NG-911  contracts  now  represent  a 
population  of  over  60  million  in  the  U.S.,  and  over  25  million  in  Australia  via  Next  Generation  000  contracts.  As  such,  we 
believe that we are a leader in public safety communication and location technologies. We meet the ISO 27001 data security 
standard and believe we have significant market share in the routing of U.S. wireless 911 calls, Voice over Internet Protocol 
("VoIP") 911 calls and Text to 911 messaging. We believe we are one of a limited number of companies fulfilling the Federal 
Communications  Commission  ("FCC")  requirements  for  Enhanced  911  ("E911")  call-routing  to  Public  Safety  Answering 
Points ("PSAPs") for wireless and VoIP network operators. E911 refers to 911 calls for both wireline and wireless telephones 
that  are  enhanced  to  provide  the  caller's  location  information.  We  are  focusing  our  marketing  and  research  and  development 
efforts to meet system standards for NG-911, which refers to an Internet Protocol ("IP") based system that defines how digital 
information  (e.g.,  voice,  photos,  videos  and  text  messages)  flows  seamlessly  from  the  public  to  the  PSAPs,  and  on  to 
emergency  responders.  With  more  than  85  global  deployments  of  our  Location  Based  Services  (“LBS”)  platform,  we  are  a 
leading  global  provider  of  device  location  for  both  public  safety  and  commercial  applications.  Leveraging  decades  of  our 
location-based  technology  expertise,  our  solutions  support  the  generation  and  distribution  of  location  information  for  both 
indoor  and  outdoor  environments.  We  have  developed  industry  leading  2G  through  5G  mobile  network  and  WiFi  location 
functions,  robust  mapping,  navigation  and  geolocation  solutions  incorporated  by  industry  verticals  such  as  public  safety, 
automotive manufacturing, mobile network operators (“MNOs”) and retail. We provide a high-capacity, multiprotocol Short-
Messaging-Service (“SMS”) platform for Person-to-Person (“P2P”), Application-to-Person (“A2P”) and Machine-to-Machine 
(“M2M”)  communications.  In  addition,  we  offer  Location  Studio®,  a  complete  end-to-end  location  application  platform 
consisting of maps, map data, geo-services, application program interfaces (“APIs”) and software development kits ("SDKs") 
enabling MNOs, application developers, public safety ecosystems, and enterprises to build custom and unique applications.

3

Government Solutions Segment
Tactical Communications Technologies - We are a key supplier to large governments (particularly the U.S. government) and 
large prime contractors for tactical communications technologies, primarily tactical satellite-based technology solutions, field 
support services and satellite component supply chain management. We are a prime contractor under several indefinite delivery, 
indefinite  quantity  ("IDIQ")  defense  contract  vehicles,  including  the:  (i)  U.S.  Army’s  Global  Tactical  Advanced 
Communications  Systems  ("GTACS")  contract;  (ii)  U.S.  Army’s  Global  Tactical  Advanced  Communications  Systems 
(“GTACS  II”)  contract;  (iii)  U.S.  Navy’s  Seaport  Next  Generation  (“SeaPort-Nxg”)  contract;  (iv)  Complex  Commercial 
SATCOM Solutions ("CS3") contract; (v) Communications Electronics Command ("CECOM") Responsive Strategic Sourcing 
for Services ("RS3") contract with the U.S. Army Contracting Command - Aberdeen Proving Ground (“ACC-APG”); and (vi) 
Advanced Battle Management System ("ABMS") contract for the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center. We provide field 
support  sustainment  services,  centralized  and  deployed  depot  services  and  technology  insertion  services  to  the  U.S.  Army’s 
AN/TSC-198  family  of  communication  systems  that  are  commonly  referred  to  as  "SNAP"  (Secret  Internet  Protocol  Router 
("SIPR")  and  Non-secure  Internet  Protocol  Router  ("NIPR")  Access  Point)  Very  Small  Aperture  Terminals  ("VSATs").  Our 
field  support  services  include  providing  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD")  personnel  with  curriculum  development  and 
training  services  to  support  cybersecurity  workforce  development.  We  provide  high  reliability  Electrical,  Electronic  and 
Electromechanical (“EEE”) parts for use in satellite, launch vehicle and manned space applications. We also provide services 
encompassing all aspects of ground station life cycle to include requirements definition and analysis; design, development and 
integration  of  turnkey  systems  from  antenna  to  data  processing;  civil  works  and  construction;  station  installation  and 
verification; operations and maintenance; and decommissioning at end of life. We also provide to customers worldwide a line 
of X/Y steerable satellite tracking antenna systems ideal for LEO, MEO and GEO constellations.

High-Performance Transmission Technologies - We are a world leader in the design and supply of troposcatter equipment, and 
a key supplier of radio frequency ("RF") microwave solid-state, high-power amplifier and switching control technologies. We 
have  designed,  manufactured  and  delivered  troposcatter  systems  (sometimes  referred  to  as  over-the-horizon  ("OTH") 
microwave products and systems) for over fifty years and are one of the largest independent suppliers of solid-state, high-power 
RF microwave amplifiers and integrated transmit receive hardware, which reproduce signals with higher power, are extremely 
complex, and are critical to the performance of the systems into which they are incorporated. 

Our CS67PLUS software defined, adaptive troposcatter radio can operate at over 200 megabits per second ("Mbps"). The radio 
is MIL-STD 461 EMI and MIL-STD 810G environmentally compliant. Our Modular Tactical Transmission System ("MTTS") 
provides  a  high  capacity,  troposcatter  and  beyond-line-of-sight  modular  communications  system  designed  for  easy  and  rapid 
deployment. Our best-in-class troposcatter solutions led to our equipment being chosen to be used on the U.S. Marine Corps’ 
next  generation  troposcatter  system  Program  of  Record.  These  dual  frequency  systems  are  designed  to  operate  in  harsh 
environmental conditions and are protected from Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Pulse (“EMI/EMP”).

Many  solid-state  RF  microwave  amplifier  and  switching  control  technologies  are  produced  in-house  by  large  companies; 
however, our expertise has created a cost-effective and technologically superior alternative to in-house sourcing. Some of the 
companies  who  have  outsourced  amplifier  development  and  production  to  us  include  Rockwell  Collins,  Inc.,  European 
Aeronautic  Defense  and  Space  Company  ("EADS"),  Lockheed  Martin  Corporation,  L3Harris  Technologies,  Inc.,  Northrop 
Grumman Corporation, BAE Systems Plc, the U.S. Navy and Raytheon Technologies Corporation. Our amplifiers are also used 
in  oncology  treatment  systems  that  allow  physicians  to  give  cancer  patients  higher  doses  of  radiation  that  are  more  closely 
focused on cancerous tissue, thereby minimizing damage to healthy tissue.

(3) We Believe We Provide Industry Leading Innovation, Capabilities and Solutions

We have established a leading position of technology innovation in our fields through internal and customer-funded research 
and development activities, which have yielded significant advances. Examples of our industry-leading innovation include:

Our  VSAT  Networking  Technologies  and  Platforms  –  For  the  past  several  years,  we  have  developed  and  manufactured 
HeightsTM ("Heights"). HeightsTM is an advanced satellite earth station networking platform that combines our most efficient 
waveforms, compression engines and the ability to provide dynamic bandwidth and power management to meet the demands of 
customers operating on traditional fixed satellite service systems ("FSS"), while providing advantages for customers who plan 
to  transition  to  HTS  systems  in  the  future.  HeightsTM  is  ideally  suited  for  cellular  backhaul,  universal  service  obligation 
networks and other applications that require high performance in a hub-spoke environment. HeightsTM solutions are designed to 
deliver the highest Internet Protocol bits per Hertz in its class. 

4

In fiscal 2021, we introduced a TDMA technology solution which offers best-in-class support for very large networks. With an 
estimated  3  billion  people  globally  who  are  not  connected  to  any  wireless  services,  this  technology  allows  our  customers  to 
cost-effectively provide services to end-users with the quality and reassurance of the Comtech brand and service offerings. We 
also intend to offer a solution that combines our Heights Dynamic Network Access ("H-DNA") and TDMA technologies in a 
single VSAT platform so that we can deliver a solution that will deliver increased value to our customers. Additionally, at the 
start of our fiscal 2022, we announced a technology and business development partnership with Kymeta Corporation, a satellite 
communications company to broaden network offerings by combining the  KymetaTM u8 terminal with our SLM-5650B modem 
and  UHP-200  Universal  Satellite  Router.  This  solution  will  enable  new  and  existing  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  and 
commercial customers to operate state-of-the art technologies using cost-effective and seamless VSAT router solutions.

Our Solacom Software Solutions – We offer a best-in-class call handling solution marketed under the Solacom Guardian brand 
name, which provides an integrated text-to-and-from 911 solution on a unified platform. The solution provides a flexible user 
interface, adapts to varying customer environments and preferences, provides powerful call conferencing capabilities, enhanced 
reporting capabilities and offers geospatial 911 location call display directly from a customized map. Because of its advanced 
features, it allows us to offer an immediate upgrade path to existing and new customers and has expanded our presence in the 
public  safety  solutions  market.  We  are  investing  in  product  enhancements  of  the  Guardian  software,  including  developing  a 
cloud-based version so that we can offer software as a service ("SaaS") type solutions to our public safety customers.

Our  Compact  Over-the-horizon  Mobile  Expeditionary  Terminal  (“COMETTM”)  –  We  offer  the  Comtech  COMETTM,  the 
world’s smallest OTH microwave troposcatter terminal. Our Comtech COMETTM is rapidly deployable, low power and highly 
portable. Troposcatter technology has long been associated with large antennas and high-power amplifiers that require kilowatts 
of prime power and large trucks to transport them to the field. The COMETTM has fundamentally changed this paradigm. The 
COMETTM is capable of being transported in a carrying case by a single individual and set up in under fifteen minutes. The 
COMETTM  is  ideally  suited  for  situations  where  high  bandwidth  backhaul  communications  are  required,  extending  critical 
services  into  areas  where  there  is  no  communications  infrastructure,  or  the  infrastructure  has  been  destroyed.  U.S.  Special 
Forces,  as  well  as  non-U.S.  NATO  forces,  have  already  begun  procuring  and  deploying  the  COMETTM  for  high  reliability, 
mission essential communications.

Our "XyPoint®" Mobile Location Platform – Provided to MNOs globally, our virtualized LBS platform is a high availability 
robust solution with multiple positioning technologies, that allows authorized users to locate and track specific mobile devices 
and monitor specific areas of interest. MNOs can use this platform for location accuracy to support a wide variety of use cases, 
including  public  safety,  location  intelligence,  network  optimization  and  big  data  analytics.  On  the  legacy  front,  our  LBS 
platform is compatible within 2G through 4G wireless networks, as well as an enabler to the MNOs to seamlessly migrate to 
cloud native environments, as they start their migrations to 5G. 

(4) We Have a Diverse Global Customer Base

We have established long-standing relationships with thousands of customers worldwide, including leading system and network 
suppliers  in  the  global  satellite  (such  as  Intelsat  S.A.  and  SES  S.A.),  mobile  cellular  (such  as  Verizon  Wireless),  defense, 
broadcast and aerospace industries, as well as the U.S. federal government (such as the U.S. Army and Navy), U.S. state and 
local  governments,  and  foreign  governments.  Our  global  commercial  and  government  customers  are  increasingly  seeking 
integrated solutions to meet their operational needs. We believe that our customers recognize our ability to develop improved 
technologies and to meet stringent program requirements. Our ability to solve complex problems is well known and we believe 
we have strong relationships with our customers. We hold prime positions on several key contracts and have had a long history 
of servicing key programs.

Business Segments

Fundamentally, we offer advanced secure wireless communications technologies with expertise in the satellite communications 
and cellular markets. We believe these markets are undergoing a period of significant growth and rapid technological change. 
We  manage  our  business  through  two  reportable  operating  segments:  Commercial  Solutions  and  Government  Solutions.  Our 
corporate senior management team supports the business segments by, among other things, actively seeking to exploit potential 
synergies  that  exist  between  the  segments,  including  in  areas  such  as  manufacturing,  technology,  sales,  marketing,  customer 
support and finance. The diagram below summarizes our key products, systems and services by our two reportable operating 
segments:

5

Commercial Solutions Segment Technologies
(approximately 61.9% of fiscal 2021 net sales)

Government Solutions Segment Technologies
(approximately 38.1% of fiscal 2021 net sales)

Satellite Ground Station
 Technologies

Public Safety and Location
 Technologies

Tactical Communications
 Technologies

High-Performance Transmission
 Technologies

• Satellite ground station

• Wireless/VolP 911 service for

• Tactical satellite-based

technologies such as SCPC
modems, TDMA  modems
and networking platforms that
facilitate the transmission of
voice, video and data over
satellite links including LEO
and HTS satellite
constellations

• Solid-state and traveling

wave tube amplifiers used to
amplify signals from satellite
ground stations

network operators

• NextGen 911 solutions

• ESInet (Emergency Services

IP Network)

• Call Handling applications for

PSAPs

• Software and equipment for

location-based and
messaging services for
various applications, including
both public safety and
commercial services

communications, field support
and end-to-end integration

• Satellite-based mobile

communications and tracking
systems, including high
precision full motion fixed and
mobile X/Y satellite tracking
antennas, RF feeds, reflectors
and radomes

• Procurement and supply chain
management of high reliability
EEE parts for satellite, launch
vehicle and manned space
applications

• Over-the-horizon microwave
equipment that can transmit
digitized voice, video and data
over distances up to 200 miles
using the troposphere and
diffraction, including the
Comtech COMETTM

• Solid-state, RF microwave
high-power amplifiers and
control components designed
for radar, electronic warfare,
jamming, medical and aviation
applications

Commercial Solutions Segment 
Representative Customers

Government Solutions Segment 
Representative Customers

Satellite systems integrators, wireless and other communication 
service providers and broadcasters

Domestic and international defense customers, as well as U.S. and 
foreign governments, prime contractors and system suppliers, such 
as General Dynamics Corporation, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 
L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Raytheon Technologies Corporation, 
SED Systems (a division of Calian Ltd.), and ViaSat Inc. 

Satellite broadcasters, such as The DIRECTV Group and EchoStar 
Corporation 

U.S. state and local governments, such as Arizona, the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania, Iowa, Maine, South Carolina and the state of 
Washington

End-customers also include AT&T Inc., BT Group plc., China Mobile 
Limited, CenturyLink, Inc., Claro Argentina, Comcast Corporation, 
Intelsat S.A., Speedcast International Limited, Nokia Corporation, 
QUALCOMM Incorporated, SES S.A., T-Mobile USA, Inc. and 
Verizon Communications Inc.

U.S. Army, the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Navy, prime contractors to 
the U.S. Armed Forces, NATO and foreign governments (i.e., ministries 
of defense)

Domestic and international defense customers, prime contractors and 
system suppliers such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, L3 Harris 
Technologies, Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation, Raytheon 
Technologies Corporation., SES S.A., and The Boeing Company

Medical equipment companies, such as Varian Medical Systems, Inc., 
and aviation industry system integrators such as Collins Aerospace (a 
subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies Corporation) and Telephonics 
Corporation

Foreign government customers in the Middle East, Europe, North 
Africa, Latin America and Asia Pacific and related prime contractors 
and systems integrators

Oil companies such as Shell Oil Company and PETRONAS

Financial  information  about  our  business  segments,  including  net  sales,  operating  income,  Adjusted  EBITDA  (a  Non-GAAP 
financial measure), total assets, and our operations outside the United States, is provided in "Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements - Note (11) Segment Information" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." 

The markets and key technologies for each segment are further described below.

Commercial Solutions Segment

Overview

Our  Commercial  Solutions  segment  offers  satellite  ground  station  technologies  (such  as  SCPC  and  TDMA  modems  and 
amplifiers) and public safety and location technologies (such as 911 call routing, 911 call handling and mapping solutions) to 
commercial  customers  and  smaller  government  customers,  such  as  state  and  local  governments.  This  segment  also  serves 
certain  large  government  customers  (including  the  U.S.  government)  that  have  requirements  for  off-the-shelf  commercial 
equipment.

6

Key Markets and Technology Solutions 

Satellite Ground Station Technologies 

We  offer  our  customers  one-stop-shopping  for  satellite  ground  station  technologies,  including  SCPC  and  TDMA  modems, 
amplifiers,  frequency  converters  and  network  software  for  customers  who  utilize  satellite  communications.  Our  products  are 
used  to  modulate,  demodulate  and  amplify  signals,  carry  voice,  video  and/or  data  over  networks  and  are  vital  to  satellite 
communication applications, including air-to-ground communications, video broadcasting and the backhaul of cellular traffic. 
Our Commercial Solutions segment manufactures most of the satellite ground station equipment we sell to our customers. 

We  believe  that  the  overall  satellite  ground  station  equipment  industry  will  grow  over  the  next  few  years,  and  will  be 
increasingly  connected  to  existing  and  new  cellular  networks.  This  growth  is  expected  to  occur  as  a  result  of  widespread 
deployment and upgrades of 4G and 5G ground-based systems, including satellite earth stations, as well as the integration of 
high-performance amplifiers necessary to meet long-term demand for high-performance satellite communications applications, 
such as satellite-based wireless backhaul, DTH, HD and 4K broadcasting and in-flight connectivity. We believe that Comtech is 
well positioned to capitalize on this demand through sales of our market leading satellite ground station technologies, including 
new next-generation satellite earth station technologies that can be used with the thousands of new LEO, MEO and large HTS 
satellite constellations that are reportedly being launched over the next several years.

Examples  of  end-market  applications  that  are  driving  long-term  demand  for  our  satellite-based  communication  technologies 
include:

•

•

Satellite-Based Cellular Backhaul. Demand for satellite-based cellular backhaul services is anticipated to grow
rapidly as a result of the increased penetration of smart cellular phones and network upgrades to 4G and 5G in
developing  regions  of  the  world.  Ultimately,  as  5G  services  continue  to  be  deployed,  mobile  data  services  will
become  more  critical.  As  mobile  data  penetration  expands  and  mobile  data  consumption  increases,  wireless
carriers must invest in their mobile network infrastructure and businesses will require back-up communications. In
developing regions of the world and in remote areas where terrestrial network infrastructure is lacking, wireless
network  operators  often  backhaul,  or  transport,  their  wireless  data  traffic  using  satellite-based  networking
technologies. Comtech is well positioned to serve the high-performance, high availability needs of satellite-based
cellular  backhaul  through  sales  of  our  SCPC  and  TDMA  satellite  modems  as  well  as  our  HeightsTM  and  UHP
networking platforms.

New LEO, MEO and HTS Satellites. There are thousands of new satellites reportedly being launched over the
next several years, which believe will lead to increasingly complex satellite networks. As service providers work
to  offer  connectivity  to  these  high-speed,  high-bandwidth  satellites  and  expand  their  networks  to  handle  the
demand for new LEO, MEO and HTS applications, we believe our HeightsTM and UHP networking platforms, our
solid-state  amplifiers  and  our  X/Y  antennas  will  ultimately  be  incorporated  into  many  new  installations  and
necessary upgrades of equipment.

• High Definition and Ultra-High Definition Transmission. Reports indicate that in recent years, consumers have
purchased millions of HD televisions and Ultra-High Definition or "4K" televisions and streaming high-definition
videos over mobile devices. We believe this will require a significant amount of satellite bandwidth, which will
require satellite service providers to upgrade equipment and find new ways to manage the cost and transmission
efficiency  of  their  networks.  We  believe  that  these  requirements  will  drive  increased  demand  for  our  satellite
ground station technologies.

•

Integration of Satellite Systems into 911 Systems. 911 service is a vital part of the U.S. government's nationwide
emergency response and disaster preparedness system. In recent years, the FCC has taken steps to increase public
safety  by  encouraging  and  coordinating  development  of  a  nationwide,  seamless  communication  system  for
emergency  systems.  Increasingly,  satellite  services  are  playing  a  more  important  role  in  the  nationwide  911
network  not  only  in  rural  areas  but  as  back-up  for  Public  Safety  Answering  Points  ("PSAP")  and  individual
callers. For instance, in August 2021, it was reported that Apple was developing satellite capabilities for its iPhone
models that would allow users to call and/or send texts in emergency situations. We believe that satellite systems,
supported  by  our  SCPC  and  TDMA  networking  platforms,  will  be  incorporated  into  911  systems.  Given  our
expertise in public safety and location technology solutions, we believe we are uniquely positioned to be a leader
in this growing market.

7

Public Safety and Location Technologies 

We  are  a  leading  provider  of  public  safety  and  location  technologies.  Our  next  generation  solutions  enable  rich,  multimedia 
information to be delivered with 911 calls; our E911 call routing solutions allow cellular carriers and voice over the Internet 
("VoIP")  carriers  to  deliver  emergency  calls  to  Public  Safety  emergency  call  centers  nationwide.  When  someone  places  an 
emergency  call,  our  technologies  can  identify  the  call  as  an  emergency  call,  access  the  user’s  location  information  from  the 
wireless  network  and  route  the  call  to  the  assigned  public  safety  jurisdiction.  Today,  we  provide  public  safety  and  location 
technologies to many U.S. telecommunication carriers, the largest being Verizon for which we provide their 911 call routing via 
cellular  service.  We  believe  we  service  a  significant  portion  of  the  carrier  market  for  911  cellular  call  routing  applications, 
along with another leading competitor.

In  addition  to  911  call  routing,  we  provide  systems  integration,  satellite  and  location  infrastructure  terminals,  and  linkage  to 
NG-911  Emergency  Services  IP  Networks  ("ESInet").  We  also  offer  best-in-class  911  call  handling  solutions  under  the 
Solacom brand name. We believe state and local governments have a need to upgrade existing call handling systems and old 
networks to more modern NG-911 systems, including 911 text messaging services, advanced data, real-time photos and other 
types of information sharing over IP networks. 

As the U.S. adopts upgraded call handling and NG-911 solutions, we believe that other countries will do so as well. Our public 
safety  and  location  technology  solutions  have  been  deployed  since  2006  and  are  utilized  by  domestic  MNOs  as  well  as 
internationally  to  provide  reliable  device  location  determination  for  public  safety  and  commercial  applications.  Many  of  our 
technologies, such as positioning, mapping and text messaging, are embedded in our public safety and location offerings to help 
address mapping, routing and geolocations. We address the FCC mandates for emergency services as it relates to location by 
supporting precise location in our solutions. Our text messaging platforms are used by wireless carriers to provide SMS to their 
end-customers and are also used to communicate with 911 PSAPs through major network operators. 

In order to maximize market growth opportunities, we have repositioned certain of our location technology solutions to increase 
our  penetration  into  the  public  safety  space  and  are  focusing  on  international  markets.  As  satellite  services  play  a  more 
important role in the nationwide 911 network, we believe demand for our location products will grow.  

Our Location StudioTM platform enables customers, especially public safety agencies, to build their own applications with end-
user functionality, such as maps, search, geocoding, routing and navigation, using their own brand. We believe that customers 
and prospects are increasingly looking for alternatives to mapping services that are subject to change by the provider and which 
meet market privacy and security requirements. The Location StudioTM platform is a complete end-to-end location application 
consisting  of  maps,  map  data,  including  our  Trusted  OpenStreetMap  ("TOSM")  geo-services,  application  program  interfaces 
("APIs")  and  software  development  kits  ("SDKs")  enabling  public  safety  ecosystems  and  enterprises  to  build  custom  and 
unique  mapping  applications.  Map  data  includes  positioning,  search,  enhanced  local  content,  custom  maps,  navigation,  geo-
fencing, tracking integrated with third party data sources like camera feeds and Internet of Things ("IoT") sensor data via cross-
platform  APIs  and  SDKs  supporting  all  leading  operating  systems.  We  believe  that  as  the  industry  moves  toward  digital 
transformation, customers will be looking for situational awareness solutions that are built on top of mapping and geo-services. 
Our location technology solutions enable the determination of a mobile phone's geospatial position in a variety of environments, 
leveraging  a  wide  range  of  signals  including  Global  Positioning  System  ("GPS"),  Global  Navigation  Satellite  Systems 
("GNSS") and multiple cellular positioning technologies ranging from 2G through 5G mobile networks. For our installed base 
of  systems,  we  provide  ongoing  operational  support,  including  administration  of  system  components,  system  optimization, 
configuration  management  and  maintenance  services,  including  tracking  customer  support  issues,  troubleshooting  and 
developing and installing maintenance releases.

In  fiscal  2022,  we  have  begun  marketing  Smart  ResponseTM,  a  newly  developed  cloud-based  solution,  that  offers  a  common 
operational picture to first responders for an effective data-driven response for security agencies and first responders. This new 
solution  can  offer  streaming  live  feeds  from  traffic  cameras  at  and  near  incident  location,  access  caller  information  like  past 
residences, criminal history, or next-of-kin information at the tap of a button. Offering a bird-eye view of integrated data, the 
Smart ResponseTM solution empowers PSAP employees to ensure the appropriate resources are on the scene and to better serve 
the public in emergency situations.

Government Solutions Segment

Overview

Our  Government  Solutions  segment  provides  tactical  satellite-based  networks  and  ongoing  support  for  complicated 
communications  networks,  troposcatter  systems  and  solid-state,  high-power  amplifiers  to  large  government  end-users 
(including those of foreign countries), large international customers and domestic prime contractors.

8

Key Markets and Technology Solutions 

Tactical Communications Technologies

With persistent threats from state and non-state actors, governments around the world are increasingly seeking ways to mitigate 
vulnerabilities using information and more reliable communication systems to increase decision-makers’ situational awareness. 
In response to this demand, we offer a variety of mission-critical technologies, including the supply and field support of tactical 
satellite-based  networks  (including  satellite  modems,  ruggedized  routers  and  solid-state  drives),  sustainment  services  for  the 
AN/TSC-198A SNAP (SIPR and NIPR Access Point) VSATs. Many of our mission-critical technologies are part of integrated 
communication  infrastructure  systems  such  as  the  U.S.  Military  Command,  Control,  Communications,  Computers,  Cyber 
Intelligence,  Surveillance  and  Reconnaissance  (also  known  as  "C5ISR")  systems  and  similar  complicated  networks  for 
international  governments.  We  also  provide  a  variety  of  in-class  and  on-line  training  services,  labs  and  assessments  to  our 
customers to help them protect networks from cyber attacks.

We  are  recognized  as  an  industry  leader  and  global  supplier  of  high  reliability  products.  Our  solutions  include  supply  chain 
management and engineering services for high reliability EEE space parts and satellite and launch vehicle tracking solutions in 
support of critical National Aeronautics and Space Administration ("NASA") programs and for international space and defense 
agencies. Through our acquisition of CGC Technology Limited, we are also a leading, world-wide provider of high precision, 
full motion fixed and mobile X/Y satellite tracking antennas, reflectors, RF feeds, radomes and other ground station equipment.

High-Performance Transmission Technologies 

We  offer  several  unique  high-performance  transmission  technologies  that  are  used  in  sophisticated  communication  systems, 
such  as  electronic  warfare,  radar  and  identification  friend  or  foe  ("IFF").  As  our  customers  push  the  envelope  for  mobility, 
speed and higher frequency, we believe that demand for high-performance transmission products will grow from current levels.

Our troposcatter technologies (sometimes referred to as over-the-horizon or "OTH" microwave systems) are extremely reliable 
and secure and are a cost-effective alternative or compliment to satellite communication as it does not require the leasing of 
expensive  satellite  transponder  space  with  its  attendant  recurring  costs.  Our  over-the-horizon  microwave  systems,  which 
include our patented forward error correction technology, can transmit video and other broadband applications at throughputs of 
up to 200 Mbps. U.S. and foreign governments use our over-the-horizon microwave systems to, among other things, transmit 
radar tracking, run C4ISR applications and connect to remote border locations. Additionally, energy companies use our systems 
to enable communication links for offshore oil rigs and other remote locations, as well as for exploration activities. Our MTTS, 
the  first  truly  modular,  rapidly  deployable  transit  case-based  troposcatter  system,  has  been  purchased  by  the  U.S.  Army, 
incorporated  into  the  SNAP  family  of  products  used  by  the  U.S.  military  and  designated  the  Tactical  Transportable  TROPO 
("SNAP  3T")  or  AN/TRC  198(V3).  We  also  recently  introduced  the  Comtech  COMETTM,  a  rapidly  deployable  OTH 
microwave system. The Comtech COMETTM has a medium range (up to 60 km) and high bandwidth (up to 210 Mbps) that fills 
a  void  in  distances  that  have  long  been  desired  by  tactical  communications  planners.  The  Comtech  COMETTM  uniquely 
addresses  the  special  operations  command  (or  “SOCOM”)  community’s  concern  of  low  probability  of  intercept  and  low 
probability of detection (“LPI/LPD”), while providing high reliability, mission essential communications.

Our solid-state, high-power RF microwave amplifiers and related switching control technologies are utilized in several critical 
applications,  including  electronic  warfare,  communications,  radar,  IFF  and  medical  applications  such  as  oncology  cancer 
treatment systems. In the electronic warfare marketplace, we support a variety of legacy systems and are participating in the 
ongoing  migration  to  platforms  that  require  smaller  and  lighter  amplifiers  integrated  with  additional  signal  processing 
functionality.  Our  solutions  increase  the  flexibility  of  systems  by  providing  wider  bandwidth  capabilities  to  address 
communication needs. We also believe that the desire for increased situational awareness of the airspace may create increased 
opportunities for our radar and IFF products, which are used by government and commercial customers around the world. Our 
high power and highly reliable Gallium Nitride ("GaN") amplifier technology is increasingly used both to update existing radar 
systems  for  improved  sensitivity  and  range  as  well  as  for  new  radar  installations.  In  addition  to  technologies  that  enhance 
performance of primary radars, we also supply solutions for IFF systems that provide positive identification of radar targets for 
secondary surveillance systems.

9

Acquisitions

In order to position ourselves to take advantage of additional growth opportunities and meet our strategic objectives, we have 
followed, and will continue to follow, a disciplined approach in identifying, executing and capitalizing on acquisitions. 

Completed Acquisitions

In the past several years, we have acquired businesses and enabling technologies.

On  February  23,  2016,  we  acquired  TeleCommunication  Systems  Inc.  ("TCS"),  a  leading  provider  of  commercial  solutions 
(such as public safety and location technologies) and government solutions (such as tactical communications technologies). The 
TCS acquisition had an aggregate purchase price for accounting purposes of $340.4 million (also referred to as the transaction 
equity value) and an enterprise value of $423.6 million. The TCS acquisition, which has been fully integrated into our business, 
resulted in Comtech entering complementary markets and expanding our domestic and international commercial offerings.

On  February  28,  2019,  we  completed  our  acquisition  of  Solacom,  a  leading  provider  of  NG-911  solutions  for  public  safety 
agencies.  The  acquisition  of  Solacom  was  a  significant  step  in  our  strategy  of  enhancing  our  public  safety  and  location 
technologies. The Solacom acquisition had an aggregate purchase price for accounting purposes of $32.9 million and was fully 
integrated into our Commercial Solutions segment.

On  April  29,  2019,  we  acquired  the  state  and  local  government  NG-911  business  from  General  Dynamics  Information 
Technology, Inc. (the "GD NG-911 business") and at the same time announced a five-year contract award in excess of $100.0 
million  to  develop,  implement  and  operate  a  NG-911  emergency  communications  system  for  a  Northeastern  state.  The 
acquisition  strengthened  our  position  in  the  growing  NG-911  solutions  market.  The  GD  NG-911  business  had  an  aggregate 
purchase price for accounting purposes of $11.0 million and was fully integrated into our Commercial Solutions segment.

On  January  27,  2020,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  CGC  Technology  Limited  ("CGC"),  a  small  privately  held  company 
located in the United Kingdom. CGC is a leading provider of high precision full motion fixed and mobile X/Y satellite tracking 
antennas,  reflectors,  RF  feeds,  radomes  and  other  ground  station  equipment  around  the  world.  The  acquisition  brought 
established relationships with several top-tier European aerospace companies and other government entities, and we expect it to 
allow us to participate in the anticipated growth in the number of LEO and MEO satellite constellations. The CGC business had 
an aggregate purchase price for accounting purposes of $23.7 million and was fully integrated into our Government Solutions 
segment.

On  February  21,  2020,  we  acquired  NG-911,  Inc.  ("NG-911"),  a  small  privately  held  company  based  in  Iowa,  Illinois  and 
Missouri.  NG-911  is  a  pioneer  in  providing  next  generation  911  solutions,  including  those  designed  by  Solacom,  to  public 
safety  agencies  in  the  Midwest.  The  acquisition  allows  us  to  cost-effectively  expand  sales  of  our  industry  leading  Solacom 
Guardian call management solutions for public safety. The NG-911 product line had an aggregate purchase price for accounting 
purposes of $1.2 million and was fully integrated into our Commercial Solutions segment. 

On  March  2,  2021,  we  completed  our  acquisition  of  UHP  Networks  Inc.  ("UHP"),  a  leading  provider  of  innovative  and 
disruptive satellite ground station technology solutions. With end-markets for high-speed satellite-based network anticipated to 
significantly grow, our acquisition allows us to enhance our Commercial Solutions segment's offerings with low cost TDMA 
satellite modems. The UHP business has a preliminary purchase price for accounting purposes of $37.5 million and was fully 
integrated into our Commercial Solutions segment.

Sales, Marketing and Customer Support

Sales and marketing strategies include direct sales through sales, marketing and engineering personnel, indirect sales through 
independent representatives, value-added resellers, and sales through a combination of the foregoing. We devote resources to 
evaluating and responding to requests for proposals by governmental agencies around the world and, as needed, we employ the 
use of specialized consultants to develop our proposals and bids.

We  intend  to  continue  to  expand  international  marketing  efforts  by  engaging  additional  independent  sales  representatives, 
distributors  and  value-added  resellers  and  by  establishing  additional  foreign  sales  offices.  In  addition,  we  also  leverage  our 
relationships with larger companies (such as prime contractors to the U.S. government and large mobile wireless operators) to 
market our technology solutions. In fiscal 2022, we expect to significantly expand our social media and Internet presence and 
develop an updated marketing and branding strategy.

10

We  are  pre-qualified  as  an  approved  vendor  for  certain  government  contracts.  We  collaborate  in  sales  efforts  under  various 
arrangements  with  integrators.  Our  marketing  efforts  also  include  advertising,  public  relations,  speaking  engagements  and 
attending and sponsoring industry conferences. 

Our management, technical and marketing personnel establish and maintain relationships with customers. Our sales strategies 
include a commitment to providing ongoing customer support for our systems and equipment. This support involves providing 
direct access to engineering staff or trained technical representatives to resolve technical or operational issues.

Our  products  and  services  in  many  of  our  product  lines  have  long  sales  cycles.  Once  a  product  is  designed  into  a  system, 
customers may be reluctant to change the incumbent supplier due to the extensive qualification process and potential redesign 
required in using alternative sources. In addition, in recent years, we have found that overall sales cycles for each of our product 
lines have significantly increased.

Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related net sales, are as follows:

2021

2020
Commercial Solutions

2019

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2020
2019
2021
Government Solutions

2021

2020
Consolidated

2019

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

 14.7 %  14.8 %
 58.5 %  58.9 %
 73.2 %  73.7 %

 19.2 %  66.8 %
 53.9 %  14.1 %
 73.1 %  80.9 %

 65.0 %  63.8 %  34.6 %  36.2 %
 15.2 %  12.5 %  41.5 %  40.3 %
 80.2 %  76.3 %  76.1 %  76.5 %

 40.1 %
 34.5 %
 74.6 %

International
Total

 19.8 %  23.7 %  23.9 %  23.5 %
 26.8 %  26.3 %
 100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %

 26.9 %  19.1 %

 25.4 %
 100.0 %

Sales to U.S. government customers include sales to the DoD, intelligence and civilian agencies, as well as sales directly to or 
through prime contractors. 

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic 
sales are sales to Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon"), which represented 10.7% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021. 
Except for the U.S. government, there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales during 
fiscal 2020 and 2019. 

International sales for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products 
that are sold to international customers) were $138.9 million, $145.1 million and $170.6 million, respectively. When we sell 
internationally, we denominate most of our contracts in U.S. dollars. Some of our sales to international customers are paid for 
by letters of credit or on an open account. From time to time, some of our international customers may require us to provide 
performance guarantees. 

Except for the U.S., no individual country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to 
a foreign country) represented more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019. 

Backlog

Our  backlog  as  of  July  31,  2021  was  $658.9  million  (of  which  $526.4  million  was  attributed  to  the  Commercial  Solutions 
segment and $132.5 million was attributed to the Government Solutions segment). We estimate that a substantial portion of the 
backlog as of July 31, 2021 will be recognized as sales during the next twenty-four month period, with the rest thereafter.

At  July  31,  2021,  79.8%  of  our  backlog  consisted  of  orders  for  use  by  U.S.  commercial  customers,  8.9%  consisted  of  U.S. 
government  contracts,  subcontracts  and  government  funded  programs  and  11.3%  consisted  of  orders  for  use  by  international 
customers (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that will be sold to international customers).

11

 
 
Our  backlog  is  defined  as  orders  (sometimes  also  referred  to  herein  as  bookings)  that  we  believe  to  be  firm.  Backlog  that  is 
derived from U.S. government orders relates to U.S. government contracts that have been awarded, signed and funded. Backlog 
for  our  U.S.  government  customers  also  includes  amounts  appropriated  by  Congress  and  allotted  to  the  contract  by  the 
procuring government agency. Our backlog does not include the value of options that may be exercised in the future on multi-
year  contracts,  nor  does  it  include  the  value  of  additional  purchase  orders  that  we  may  receive  under  indefinite  delivery/
indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts or basic ordering agreements. In some cases, such as contracts received from large U.S. 
based telecommunication companies, our backlog is computed by multiplying the most recent month’s contract or revenue by 
the  months  remaining  under  the  existing  long-term  agreements,  which  we  consider  to  be  the  best  available  information  for 
anticipating revenue under those agreements. When we acquire a company with existing contracts, we only record bookings for 
those contracts that meet our definition. Almost all of the contracts in our backlog (including firm orders previously received 
from the U.S. government) are subject to modification, cancellation at the convenience of the customer, or for default in the 
event that we are unable to perform under the contract.

A significant portion of the backlog from our U.S. commercial customers relates to large, multi-year contracts to provide state 
and  local  governments  (and  their  agencies)  with  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions.  Although  the  contracts 
themselves represent legal, binding obligations of these governments, funding is often subject to the approval of budgets (for 
example, on an annual or bi-annual basis). Although funding for these multi-year contracts is dependent on future budgets being 
approved, we include the full estimated value of these large, multi-year contracts in our backlog given the critical nature of the 
services  being  provided  and  the  positive  historical  experience  of  our  state  and  local  government  customers  passing  their 
respective budgets.

There can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, or that any contract 
included  in  backlog  will  be  profitable.  There  is  a  higher  degree  of  risk  in  this  regard  with  respect  to  unfunded  backlog.  The 
actual amount and timing of any revenue is subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The actual 
recognition  of  revenue  on  contracts  included  in  backlog  may  never  occur  or  may  change  because  a  program  schedule  could 
change, a customer may not follow up with order details (e.g., delivery instructions), fluctuations in currency exchange rates 
after an order is placed could cause our products to become too expensive for a foreign customer, a customer’s program could 
be canceled, a contract could be reduced, modified or terminated early due to changes in a customer’s priorities, funding may 
not be included in future budgets, actual indirect rates being reimbursed on U.S. government contracts may ultimately be less 
than those indirect rates included in our initial proposals, or an option that we had assumed would be exercised is not exercised. 
As  a  result  of  these  contingencies,  we  may  adjust  our  backlog  if  we  determine  that  such  orders  are  no  longer  firm  and  or 
funded. In addition to adjustments from these types of contingencies, variations in backlog from time to time are attributable, in 
part,  to  changes  in  sales  mix,  the  timing  of  contract  proposals,  the  timing  of  contract  awards,  delivery  schedules  on  specific 
contracts  and  new  bookings  obtained  through  acquisitions.  A  large  majority  of  the  solutions  in  our  satellite  ground  station 
technologies product line operate under short lead times. Our Government Solutions segment backlog is highly influenced by 
the nature and timing of orders received from the U.S. government, which is subject to unpredictable funding, deployment and 
technology decisions. As a result, we believe our backlog and orders, at any point in time, are not necessarily indicative of the 
total sales anticipated for any future period.

Manufacturing and Service

Our manufacturing operations consist principally of the assembly and testing of electronic products that we design and build 
from purchased fabricated parts, printed circuits and electronic components. We consider our facilities to be well maintained 
and adequate for current and planned production requirements. All our manufacturing facilities, including those that serve the 
military  market,  must  comply  with  stringent  customer  specifications.  We  employ  formal  quality  management  programs  and 
other training programs, including the International Standard Organization’s quality procedure registration programs.

To support our long-term business goals, in fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year lease for a new 146,000 square foot facility 
in  Chandler,  Arizona  and  began  shifting  production  of  our  satellite  earth  station  products  from  our  existing  Tempe,  Arizona 
locations.  We  also  signed  a  new  10-year  lease  in  the  United  Kingdom  to  expand  our  Government  Solutions  segment's 
manufacturing  capabilities.  This  facility  is  expected  to  support  the  production  of  X/Y  satellite  tracking  antennas  that  can  be 
used in connection with the thousands of new LEO, MEO and large HTS satellite constellations reportedly being launched over 
the  next  several  years.  COVID-19  has  delayed  efforts  to  get  our  new  technology  manufacturing  centers  operational  and  has 
increased our start-up costs. Although things can be further delayed, we anticipate that our new facilities will be operational by 
the end of our fiscal 2022 or early part of fiscal 2023. Increased usage of our high-volume technology manufacturing centers 
will  allow  us  to  secure  volume  discounts  on  key  components,  better  control  the  quality  of  our  manufacturing  process  and 
maximize the utilization of our manufacturing capacity.

All of our other manufacturing facilities are located in the United States.

12

Our ability to deliver products to customers on a timely basis is dependent, in part, upon the availability and timely delivery by 
subcontractors  and  suppliers  (including,  at  times,  the  U.S.  government)  of  the  components  and  subsystems  that  we  use  in 
manufacturing  our  products.  Electronic  components  and  raw  materials  used  in  our  products  are  generally  obtained  from 
independent suppliers. Some components are standard items and are available from several suppliers. Others are manufactured 
to  our  specifications  by  subcontractors.  Although  we  obtain  certain  components  and  subsystems  from  a  single  source  or  a 
limited number of sources, we believe that most components and equipment are available from multiple sources. Certain U.S. 
government  contracts  may  require  us  to  incorporate  government  furnished  parts  into  our  products.  Delays  in  receipt  of  such 
parts can adversely impact the timing of our performance on the related contracts. While not individually material, during fiscal 
2021, as a result of COVID-19, we have experienced longer lead times for certain components and raw materials from certain 
suppliers as well as higher freight costs due to an overwhelmed global transport network. We expect that these supply chain 
issues will ease during the second half of fiscal 2022.

Research and Development

We  have  established  a  leading  technology  position  in  our  fields  through  internal  and  customer-funded  research  and 
development activities.

Internal research and development expenses are reported as research and development expenses for financial reporting purposes 
and were $49.1 million, $52.2 million and $56.4 million in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, representing 8.4%, 8.5% 
and 8.4% of total consolidated net sales, respectively, for these periods. Customer-funded research and development activities 
relate to the adaptation of our basic technology to specialized customer requirements which is recoverable under contracts and 
is reflected in net sales with the related costs included in cost of sales. Certain of our government customers also contract with 
us from time to time to conduct research on telecommunications software, equipment and systems. During fiscal 2021, 2020 
and  2019,  we  were  reimbursed  by  customers  for  such  activities  in  the  amounts  of  $13.6  million,  $11.9  million  and  $14.7 
million, respectively. During fiscal 2021, we incurred $0.3 million of strategic emerging technology costs for next-generation 
satellite technology to advance our solutions offerings to be used with new broadband satellite constellations. We are evaluating 
this new market in relation to our long-term business strategies, and we may incur additional costs in fiscal 2022. 

Intellectual Property

We rely upon trade secrets, technical know-how, continuing technological innovation and, with respect to certain technologies, 
patents  to  develop  and  maintain  our  competitive  position.  The  products  we  sell  require  significant  engineering  design  and 
manufacturing expertise. For technological capabilities that are not protected by patents or licenses, we generally rely on the 
expertise of our employees and our learned experiences in both the design and manufacture of our products and the delivery of 
our services.

Some  of  our  key  Commercial  Solutions  segment  technology  is  protected  by  patents  that  are  significant  to  protecting  our 
proprietary technology. We have been issued several U.S. patents relating to forward error correction technology that is utilized 
in our TPC-enabled satellite modems. Due to our market leadership position, we do not expect that upon expiration of these 
patents, our future results will be negatively impacted.

We have a portfolio of several hundred patents worldwide relating to wireless location services, text messaging, GPS ephemeris 
data,  emergency  public  safety  data  routing,  electronic  commerce  and  other  areas.  To-date,  our  strategy  has  been  to  avoid 
offensive  and  defensive  patent  litigation  and  focus  on  building  meaningful  partnerships  with  other  companies  through  direct 
licensing, cross licensing, and other forms of agreements. We do not believe that any single patent or group of patents, patent 
application or patent license agreement is material to our operations.

We  have  filed  additional  patent  applications  for  certain  apparatus  and  processes  we  believe  we  have  invented  covering  key 
features of the location services, wireless text alerts, SMS Center, mobile-originated data and E911 network software. There is 
no assurance that any patent application will result in a patent being issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other 
patent offices, nor is there any guarantee that any issued patent will be valid and enforceable. Additionally, foreign patent rights 
may or may not be available or pursued in any technology area for which U.S. patent applications have been filed. 

Almost all the products and services we sell to the U.S. government include technology and other technical know-how that we 
have internally developed. In past instances where we have provided government-purpose rights, to our knowledge, the U.S. 
government  has  not  exercised  any  of  these  rights.  To  the  extent  that  we  have  provided  or  will  provide  government-purpose 
rights  in  the  future,  we  believe  that  given  the  rapidly  changing  nature  of  our  technology,  our  future  success  will  depend 
primarily on the technical competence and creative skill of our personnel, rather than any contractual protection.

13

Competition

Our  businesses  are  highly  competitive  and  are  characterized  by  rapid  technological  change.  Some  of  our  competitors  are 
substantially  larger,  have  significantly  greater  financial,  marketing,  research  and  development,  technological  and  operating 
resources and broader product lines than we have. Other companies are developing new technologies and the shift towards open 
standards  such  as  IP-based  satellite  networks  will  likely  result  in  increased  competition.  A  significant  technological 
breakthrough by others, including new companies, our existing competitors and our customers, could have a material adverse 
effect  on  our  business.  Our  future  success  depends  on,  among  other  things,  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  such  changes  and 
developments and to respond to the increasing variety of electronic equipment users and transmission technologies.

Some  large  defense-based  companies,  such  as  Northrop  Grumman  Corporation,  have  subsidiaries  or  divisions  that  compete 
against us in one or more business segments. In addition, new and potential competitors are always emerging. Certain of our 
customers,  such  as  prime  contractors  who  currently  outsource  their  engineering  and  manufacturing  requirements  to  us,  have 
technological capabilities in our product areas and could choose to replace our products with products they develop. In some 
cases, we partner or team with companies (both large and mid-tier) to compete against other teams for large defense programs. 
In some cases, these same companies may be among our competitors.

Listed below, in alphabetical order, are some of our competitors in each of our two business segments:

Commercial Solutions - ACTIA Group, Advantech Co., Ltd., Agilis Satcom, AnaCom, Inc., Bandwidth.com, CalAmp 
Corp., Codan Limited, CPI International, Inc., Datum Systems, Inc., dB Control Corp. (a subsidiary of HEICO Corp.), 
8x8, Inc., ENENSYS Technologies, ETM, Inc., Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd., Google Inc. (a subsidiary of Alphabet 
Inc.), Here Technologies, Honeywell Aerospace (a subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc.), Infinite Convergence 
Solutions,  Inc.,  Intermap  Technologies  Corporation,  Intrado  Corporation,  Iridium  Communications  Inc.,  ITS 
Electronics  Inc.,  KVH  Industries  Inc.,  LM  Ericsson  Telephone  Company,  L3Harris  Technologies,  Inc.,  Mission 
Microwave Technologies, LLC., Motorola Solutions, Inc., ND Satcom GmbH, Nokia Networks (a subsidiary of Nokia 
Corporation), NOVELSAT, Novra Technologies Inc., Orbcomm Inc., Panasonic Corporation, Paradise Datacom Ltd. 
(a  subsidiary  of  Teledyne  Technologies  Incorporated),  Polarity  Inc.,  SatixFy  Israel  Ltd.,  SatPath  Systems,  Inc., 
Spacepath  Communications  Limited,  Speedcast  International  Limited,  ST  Engineering  iDirect,  Inc.  (including 
Newtec), Telenav, Inc., Terrasat Communications Inc, TMD Technologies LLC., TomTom N.V. and ViaSat, Inc.

Government Solutions - Aethercomm Inc., AMERGINT Technologies, Inc., CACI International Inc., CalAmp Corp., 
CPI  International,  Inc.,  Cubic  Corporation,  dB  Control  Corp.  (a  subsidiary  of  HEICO  Corp.),  DXC  Technology, 
Empower  RF  Systems,  Inc.,  Envistacom,  LLC,  Escape  Communications,  Inc.,  General  Dynamics  Corporation, 
International Datacasting Corporation (a subsidiary of Novra Technologies Inc.), Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, 
Inc., L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Mercury Systems, Inc., NeuStar, Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation (including 
the former Orbital ATK, Inc.), Raytheon Technologies Corporation, Teledyne Technologies Incorporated, The KeyW 
Holding Corporation, Ultra Electronics Holdings plc. and ViaSat, Inc.

We believe that competition in all our markets is based primarily on technology innovation, product performance, reputation, 
delivery times, customer support and price. Due to our proprietary know-how, we believe we can develop, produce and deliver 
products and services on a cost-effective basis faster than many of our competitors.

Human Capital

At July 31, 2021, we had 2,038 employees (including temporary employees and contractors), 1,238 of whom were engaged in 
production and production support, 420 in research and development and other engineering support, and 380 in marketing and 
administrative  functions.  None  of  our  U.S.  based  employees  are  represented  by  a  labor  union.  Of  our  2,038  employees,  489 
employees  are  based  outside  of  the  United  States  including  217  employees  in  the  United  Kingdom.  We  believe  that  our 
employee relations are good.

14

U.S. Government Contracts and Security Clearances

The U.S. government operates on an October-to-September fiscal year. Generally, in February of each year, the President of the 
United States presents to the U.S. Congress ("Congress") the proposed budget for the upcoming fiscal year and from February 
through  September  of  each  year,  the  appropriations  and  authorization  committees  of  Congress  review  the  President’s  budget 
proposals and establish the funding levels for the upcoming fiscal year. Once these levels are enacted into law, the Executive 
Office  of  the  President  administers  the  funds  to  the  agencies.  Thereafter,  we  can  receive  orders  pursuant  to  sole-source  or 
competitively awarded contracts, which we describe below.

The U.S. government may be unable to complete its budget process before the end of any given government fiscal year and 
when the fiscal budget is not approved in a timely manner, the U.S. government is required either to shut down or be funded 
pursuant to a so-called "continuing resolution" that authorizes agencies of the U.S. government to continue operations but does 
not authorize new spending initiatives, either of which could result in reduced or delayed orders or payments for products and 
services we provide.

Sole-source  contracts  are  generally  awarded  to  a  single  contractor  without  a  formal  competition  when  a  single  contractor  is 
deemed to have an expertise or technology superior to that of competing contractors or when there is an urgent need by the U.S. 
government  that  cannot  wait  for  a  full  competitive  process.  Potential  suppliers  compete  informally  through  research  and 
development and marketing efforts. Competitively-bid contracts are awarded based on a formal proposal evaluation established 
by the procuring agency and interested contractors prepare bids. Competitively-bid contracts are awarded after a formal bid and 
proposal competition among suppliers.

The  U.S.  government  has  a  stated  policy  direction  to  reduce  the  number  of  sole-source  contract  awards  across  all  procuring 
agencies. In addition, the U.S. government is increasing the use of multiple-award IDIQ contracts to increase its procurement 
options. IDIQ contracts allow the U.S. government to select a group of eligible contractors for the same program. When the 
government awards IDIQ contracts to multiple bidders under the same program, a company that has already competed to be 
selected  as  a  participant  in  the  program  must  subsequently  compete  for  individual  delivery  orders.  As  a  result  of  this  U.S. 
government  shift  toward  multiple  award  IDIQ  contracts,  we  expect  to  face  greater  competition  for  future  U.S.  government 
contracts and, at the same time, greater opportunities for us to participate in program areas that we do not currently participate 
in.

As  a  U.S.  government  contractor  and  subcontractor,  we  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  rules  and  regulations,  such  as  the  Federal 
Acquisition Regulations ("FAR"). Individual agencies can also have acquisition regulations. For example, the Department of 
Defense  implements  the  FAR  through  the  Defense  Federal  Acquisition  Regulation  supplement  (commonly  known  as 
"DFARs"). For all Federal government entities, the FAR regulates the phases of any product or service acquisition, including: 
acquisition  planning,  competition  requirements,  contractor  qualifications,  protection  of  source  selection  and  vendor 
information,  and  acquisition  procedures.  In  addition,  the  FAR  addresses  the  allowability  of  supplier  costs,  while  Cost 
Accounting  Standards  address  how  those  costs  can  be  allocated  to  contracts.  The  FAR  also  subjects  suppliers  to  audits  and 
other  government  reviews.  These  reviews  cover  issues  such  as  cost,  performance  and  accounting  practices  relating  to  our 
contracts. The government may challenge a supplier's costs and fees. Suppliers are also required to comply with the National 
Industrial  Security  Program  Operating  Manual  which  relates  to  the  handling  of  classified  materials  and  programs  and  is 
administered  by  the  Defense  Counterintelligence  and  Security  Agency  (“DCSA”).  Suppliers  who  do  not  comply  with  these 
various  regulations  may  lose  and/or  become  ineligible  for  facility  security  clearances  and/or  participation  in  classified 
programs.

Under firm fixed-price contracts, we perform for an agreed-upon price and we can derive benefits from cost savings, but bear 
the risk of cost overruns. Our cost-reimbursable type contracts typically provide for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred 
plus  a  negotiated  fee.  Cost-plus-incentive-fee  orders  typically  provide  for  sharing  with  the  U.S.  government  savings  accrued 
from  orders  performed  for  less  than  the  target  costs  and  costs  incurred  in  excess  of  targets  up  to  a  negotiated  ceiling  price 
(which is higher than the target cost), and for the supplier to carry the entire burden of costs exceeding the negotiated ceiling 
price. 

In fiscal 2021, $201.1 million or 34.6% of our consolidated net sales were to the U.S. government (including sales to prime 
contractors to the U.S. government). Of this amount, firm fixed-price and cost-reimbursable type contracts (including fixed-fee, 
incentive-fee and time and material type contracts) accounted for approximately $121.8 million and $79.3 million, respectively. 

15

Regulatory Matters

In addition to the rules and regulations that pertain to us as a U.S. government contractor and subcontractor, we are also subject 
to a variety of local, state and federal governmental regulations.

Our products that are incorporated into wireless communications systems must comply with various government regulations, 
including  those  of  the  FCC.  Our  manufacturing  facilities,  which  may  store,  handle,  emit,  generate  and  dispose  of  hazardous 
substances  that  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  our  products,  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  local,  state  and  federal  regulations, 
including  those  issued  by  the  Environmental  Protection  Agency.  Our  products  are  also  subject  to  European  Union  directives 
related to the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. 

Our  international  sales  are  subject  to  U.S.  and  foreign  regulations  such  as  the  Arms  Export  Control  Act,  the  International 
Emergency  Economic  Powers  Act  ("IEEPA"),  the  International  Traffic  in  Arms  Regulations  ("ITAR"),  the  Export 
Administration Regulations ("EAR") and the trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the 
Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), the Department of Commerce ("DoC") as well as other applicable laws 
relating to trade, export controls and foreign corrupt practices, the violation of which could adversely affect our operations. We 
must comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations of the U.S. and other countries. Certain of our products and 
systems  may  require  licenses  from  U.S.  government  agencies  for  export  from  the  U.S.,  and  some  of  our  products  are  not 
permitted to be exported. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain necessary export licenses, and such failure would 
materially adversely affect our operations. If we are unable to receive appropriate export authorizations in the future, we may be 
prohibited from selling our products and services internationally, which may limit our sales and have a material adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in certain cases, U.S. export controls also severely 
limit unlicensed technical discussions, such as discussions with any persons who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents. 
As  a  result,  in  cases  where  we  may  need  an  export  license,  our  ability  to  compete  against  a  non-U.S.  domiciled  foreign 
company that may not be subject to the same U.S. laws may be materially adversely affected. In addition, we are subject to the 
Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  ("FCPA")  and  other  local  laws  that  generally  bar  bribes  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign 
governments or officials. Violations of these laws or regulations could result in significant sanctions, including disgorgement of 
profits,  fines,  and  criminal  sanctions  against  us,  our  officers,  our  directors,  or  our  employees,  more  onerous  compliance 
requirements,  more  extensive  debarments  from  export  privileges  or  loss  of  authorizations  needed  to  conduct  aspects  of  our 
international business. A violation of any of the regulations enumerated above could materially adversely affect our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements which could further restrict our 
ability to deliver services to our international customers, including the addition of a country to the list of sanctioned countries 
under the IEEPA or similar legislation could negatively impact our business.

In the past, we have self-reported violations of export control laws or regulations to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of 
Defense  Trade  Controls  ("DDTC"),  DoC  and  OFAC.  In  addition,  we  have  made  various  commitments  to  U.S.  government 
agencies  that  oversee  trade  and  export  matters  that  we  will  maintain  certain  policies  and  procedures  including  maintaining  a 
company-wide Office of Trade Compliance and conducting ongoing internal assessments and reporting any future violations to 
those agencies.

Our  financial  reporting,  corporate  governance,  public  disclosure  and  compliance  practices  are  governed  by  laws  such  as  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, and rules and regulations issued by the SEC. The SEC has adopted rules 
which require, among other things, public companies to conduct certain inquiries to determine whether or not Conflict Minerals 
(as that term is defined in the SEC rules) that are necessary to the functionality of their manufactured products or their product's 
production processes originated in a Covered Country (as that term is defined in the SEC rules) and ultimately file a report with 
the SEC. Conflict Minerals are widely used in many industries, including the telecommunications industry and almost all of our 
products include component parts purchased from third-party suppliers and we must rely heavily on information received from 
suppliers  to  determine  the  origin  of  those  materials.  We  have  implemented  a  due  diligence  program  consistent  with  the 
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines to collect information concerning the country of origin 
of Conflict Minerals and in that regard, have adopted a policy that requires our suppliers (both public and private) to commit to 
a  code  of  conduct  relating  to  the  responsible  sourcing  of  minerals  and  to  establish  a  policy  to  reasonably  assure  that  the 
products they manufacture do not contain Conflict Minerals that originated in a Covered Country. Efforts to comply with this 
SEC rule have resulted in additional costs to us and, we believe, to our suppliers. As such, the availability of raw materials used 
in our operations could be negatively impacted and/or raw material prices could increase. Further, if we are unable to certify 
that  our  products  are  conflict  free,  we  may  face  challenges  with  our  customers,  which  could  place  us  at  a  competitive 
disadvantage and could harm our reputation.

16

Laws  and  regulations  have  been  enacted  that  affect  companies  conducting  business  on  the  Internet,  including  the  European 
General  Data  Protection  Regulation  ("GDPR").  The  GDPR  imposes  certain  privacy  related  requirements  on  companies  that 
receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union that are currently different than those in the United States 
and include significant penalties for non-compliance. Similarly, there are several legislative proposals in the United States, at 
both the federal and state level, that could impose new obligations in areas affecting our business, such as liability for personal 
data  protection.  In  addition,  some  countries  are  considering  or  have  passed  legislation  implementing  data  protection 
requirements  or  requiring  local  storage  and  processing  of  data  or  similar  requirements  that  could  increase  the  cost  and 
complexity of delivering our services. Our costs to comply with the GDPR as well any other similar laws and regulations that 
emerge may negatively impact our business.

Forward-Looking Statements

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following describes major risks to our business and should be considered carefully. Any of these factors could significantly 
and negatively affect our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results, which could cause the trading prices of 
our equity securities to decline. The risks described below are not the only risks we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties 
not presently known to us, or risks that we currently consider immaterial, could also negatively affect us.

Summary of Risk Factors 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  principal  risks  that  could  significantly  and  negatively  affect  our  business,  prospects, 
financial conditions, or operating results. For a more complete discussion of the material risks facing our business, please see 
below: 

Global Risks

• We  are  unable  to  predict  the  extent  to  which  the  ongoing  COVID-19  pandemic  and  supply  chain  constraints  will 
continue to adversely impact our business operations, financial performance, results of operations, financial position 
and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

•

•

Our fiscal 2022 business outlook is difficult to forecast and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations and 
are likely to be volatile.

If global economic business and political conditions deteriorate as compared to the current environment it could have a 
material adverse impact on our business outlook and our business, operating results and financial condition.

• We  have  significant  operations  in  locations  which  could  be  materially  and  adversely  impacted  in  the  event  of  a 

terrorist attack or other significant disruptions (including natural disasters).

Business Risks

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification.

Contract  cost  growth  on  our  firm  fixed-price  contracts  exposes  us  to  reduced  profitability  and  the  potential  loss  of 
future business and other risks.

Our business is highly dependent on the budgetary decisions of our government customers.

Our contracts with the U.S. government are subject to unique business, commercial and government audit risks.

Our dependence on sales to international customers exposes us to unique business, commercial and export compliance 
audit risks.

A change in our relationship with our large wireless carrier customers could have a material adverse effect.

If  our  wireless  carrier  partners  change  the  pricing  and  other  terms  by  which  they  offer  our  products  to  their  end-
customers could have a material adversely affect. 

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Strategic Growth Risks

• We face a number of risks relating to the expected long-term growth of our business.

• We  must  service  the  debt  and  maintain  compliance  with  various  covenants  under  a  Credit  Facility  that  imposes 

restrictions on our business.

•

•

Acquisitions of companies and investments could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder 
value or adversely affect operating results or the market price of our common stock. 

Our  investments  in  recorded  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  could  be  impaired  as  a  result  of  future  business 
conditions, a deterioration of the global economy or if we change our reporting unit structure.

Cybersecurity Risks

• We  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a  system  failure,  breach,  attack  or  intrusion  of  our  IT  networks  or  those  we 

operate for certain customers, or third-party data center facilities, servers and related systems.

•

The measures we have implemented to secure information we collect and store or enable access to may be breached.

Legal, Regulatory and Litigation Risks

•

•

Changes in U.S. tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our U.S. federal, state and foreign tax returns are subject to audit and a resulting tax assessment or settlement could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

• We may be subject to environmental liabilities.

•

•

•

•

The success of our business is dependent on compliance with FCC rules and regulations and similar foreign laws and 
regulations.

Regulation  of  the  mobile  communications  industry  and  VoIP  is  evolving,  and  unfavorable  changes  or  our  failure  to 
comply with existing and potential new legislation or regulations could harm our business and operating results.

Ongoing compliance with the provisions of securities laws, related regulations and financial reporting standards could 
unexpectedly materially increase our costs and compliance related expenses.

Indemnification  provisions  in  our  contracts  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations, financial position, or cash flows.

• We are, from time to time, and could become a party to additional litigation or subject to claims.

•

•

Protection of our intellectual property is limited and pursuing infringers of our patents and other intellectual property 
rights can be costly.

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property rights and we could be prevented from selling our 
products, or suffer significant litigation expense, even if these claims have no merit.

Competitive Risks

•

•

All  of  our  business  activities  are  subject  to  rapid  technological  change,  new  entrants,  the  introduction  of  other 
distribution models and long development and testing periods each of which may harm our competitive position.

Our business is highly competitive, we are reliant upon the success of our partners, and some of our competitors have 
significantly  greater  resources  than  we  do,  which  could  result  in  a  loss  of  customers,  market  share  and/or  market 
acceptance.

• We rely upon various third-party companies and their technology to provide services to our customers.

•

Because our software may contain defects or errors, and our hardware products may incorporate defective components, 
our sales could decrease if these defects or errors adversely affect our reputation or delay shipments of our products.        

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Risks Related to our Common Stock
Our stock price is volatile.

•

•

•

•

Future issuances of our shares of common stock could dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and reduce 
the market price of our shares of common stock.

Provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of Comtech.

A disruption in our Common Stock dividend program could negatively impact our stock price.

Global Risks

The  ongoing  COVID-19  pandemic  and  supply  chain  constraints  have  impacted  our  business,  operating  results  and 
financial  condition,  as  well  as  the  operations  and  financial  performance  of  many  of  the  customers  and  suppliers  in 
industries  that  we  serve.  We  are  unable  to  predict  the  extent  to  which  the  pandemic,  supply  chain  constraints  and 
related  effects  will  adversely  impact  our  business  operations,  financial  performance,  results  of  operations,  financial 
position and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related disease control measures have significantly impacted the global economy and has created 
significant supply chain constraints. These issues have had and could continue to have material adverse effects on our business, 
financial  position,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows.  Although  there  has  been  an  increase  in  vaccinations  throughout  the 
United  States,  vaccinations  internationally  have  progressed  at  a  slower  rate  and  the  impact  of  new  strains  of  the  virus  are 
uncertain. The situation is changing rapidly and there may be additional impacts of which we are currently unaware. The extent 
to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which cannot be predicted.

Poor business conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the suppression of end-market demand for many of 
our  products  such  as  satellite  ground  station  technologies  and  other  short-lead  time  products.  Because  the  timing,  impact, 
severity and duration of these conditions are impossible to predict and remain ongoing, there is a risk that such conditions will 
have a material adverse effect on our future consolidated results of operations. The impact of the pandemic on our business has 
included or could in the future include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

disruptions  to  or  restrictions  on  our  ability  to  ensure  the  continuous  manufacture  and  supply  of  our  products  and 
services, including insufficiency of our existing inventory levels;

temporary  closures  or  reductions  in  operational  capacity  of  our  facilities  or  the  facilities  of  our  direct  or  indirect 
suppliers or customers;

permanent closures of our direct and indirect suppliers, resulting in adverse effects to our supply chain;

temporary shortages of skilled employees available to staff manufacturing, production and assembly facilities due to 
stay at home orders and travel restrictions within as well as into and out of countries;

increases  in  operational  expenses  and  other  costs  related  to  requirements  implemented  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  the 
pandemic;

supply chain disruptions, including increased freight costs;

delays or limitations on the ability of our customers to perform or make timely payments;

cancellations in our backlog;

reductions in short- and long-term demand for our products, or other disruptions in technology buying patterns;

adverse effects on economies and financial markets globally or in various markets throughout the world, potentially 
leading  to  a  prolonged  economic  downturn  or  reductions  in  business  and  consumer  spending,  which  may  result  in 
decreased net revenue, gross margins, or earnings and/or in increased expenses and difficulty in managing inventory 
levels;

19

•

•

•

•

•

delays to and/or lengthening of our sales or development cycles or qualification activity;

challenges for us, our direct and indirect suppliers and our customers in obtaining financing due to turmoil in financial 
markets;

workforce disruptions due to illness, quarantines, governmental actions, other restrictions, and/or the social distancing 
measures we have taken to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 at certain of our locations around the world in an effort 
to  protect  the  health  and  well-being  of  our  employees,  customers,  suppliers  and  of  the  communities  in  which  we 
operate (including working from home, restricting the number of employees attending events or meetings in person, 
limiting the number of people in our buildings and factories at any one time, further restricting access to our facilities, 
suspending employee travel and inability to meet in person with customers);

increased vulnerability to cyberattacks due to the significant number of employees working remotely; and 

our  management  team  continuing  to  commit  significant  time,  attention  and  resources  to  monitoring  the  COVID-19 
pandemic and seeking to mitigate its effects on our business and workforce.

The ultimate extent of the impact of COVID-19 and supply chain constraints on our business, financial condition and results of 
operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time. These impacts, 
individually or in the aggregate, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition. Such effect may be exacerbated in the event the pandemic and the measures taken in response to it, and their effects, 
persist for an extended period of time, or if there are periodic resurgences of the outbreak. Under any of these circumstances, 
the  resumption  of  normal  business  operations  may  be  delayed  or  hampered  by  lingering  effects  of  COVID-19  on  our 
operations, direct and indirect suppliers, partners, and customers.

Our fiscal 2022 business outlook is difficult to forecast and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations and 
are likely to be volatile.

Historically, our business outlook is difficult to forecast and backlog (sometimes referred to herein as orders or bookings), net 
sales  and  operating  results  may  vary  significantly  from  period  to  period  due  to  a  number  of  factors  including:  sales  mix; 
fluctuating market demand; start-up costs associated with the opening of our two new high-volume technology manufacturing 
centers;  price  competition;  new  product  introductions  by  us  or  our  competitors;  customer  bankruptcies;  changing  customer 
partnering procurement strategies; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; unexpected changes in the timing of delivery 
of  components  or  subsystems;  the  financial  performance  and  impact  of  acquisitions;  new  accounting  standards;  political 
instability; regulatory developments; changes in income tax rates or tax credits; the price and expected volatility of our stock 
(which  will  impact,  among  other  items,  the  amount  of  stock-based  compensation  expense  we  may  record);  general  global 
economic conditions, and the impact of natural disasters or global pandemics.

We  have  experienced,  and  will  experience  in  the  future,  significant  fluctuations  in  bookings,  net  sales  and  operating  results 
from  period  to  period.  For  example,  a  sudden  change  in  global  economic  conditions  (or  a  worsening  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic as described above) could have an immediate impact on a large portion of our net sales, a large amount of which are 
derived  from  products  such  as  satellite  ground  station  technologies,  amplifier  products  and  mission-critical  technologies  that 
generally have short order and lead times. Similarly, sales of certain of our public safety and location technologies are subject to 
sudden changes in wireless carrier procurement strategies, including decisions to sole-source such solutions or to perform such 
solutions  internally.  As  a  result  of  any  such  conditions  or  changes,  bookings  and  backlog  related  to  these  solutions  are 
extremely sensitive to short-term fluctuations in customer demand.

In addition, a large portion of our Government Solutions segment's net sales are derived in part from large U.S. government 
programs or large foreign government opportunities that are subject to lengthy sales cycles (including funding requirements) 
and are therefore difficult to predict.

20

If global economic business and political conditions deteriorate as compared to the current environment it could have a 
material adverse impact on our business outlook and our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition to the unique business risks related to COVID-19, many of the end-markets for our products and services may be 
significantly  impacted  for  other  issues  that  result  in  adverse  global  economic  conditions.  For  example,  many  of  our 
international  end-customers  are  in  emerging  and  developing  countries  that  are  subject  to  sweeping  economic  and  political 
changes.  Many  governments  around  the  world  are  under  pressure  to  reduce  their  spending.  In  recent  years,  global  oil  and 
natural gas prices have been volatile and significantly impaired the ability of certain of our government customers in the oil and 
gas  producing  regions  of  the  world  to  invest  in  telecommunications  products  and  infrastructure.  Additionally,  the  relative 
strength of the U.S. dollar against many international currencies has negatively impacted the purchasing power for many of our 
international  end-customers  because  most  of  our  sales  are  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars.  We  generate  significant  sales  from 
many emerging and developing countries. 

We believe that the current global economic business environment is unstable and sudden negative changes could result in the 
immediate suppression of end-market demand for many of our products such as satellite ground station technologies and other 
short-lead time products. The timing, impact, severity and duration of these conditions are impossible to predict.

In addition, many of our international customers (including our Middle Eastern and African customers) rely on European bank 
financing to procure funding for large systems, many of which include our equipment. We believe that European financing has 
been and continues to be difficult to obtain. Volatility of financing conditions may cause our customers to be reluctant to spend 
funds required to purchase our equipment or projects could be postponed or canceled.

The United Kingdom ("U.K.") exited from the European Union ("E.U.") on January 31, 2020. Such exit, commonly referred to 
as "Brexit," has created and may continue to create economic and political uncertainties and impacts that could have a material 
adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability. Although the U.K. and E.U. entered a trade agreement for goods 
that was approved by the European Parliament in April 2021, there is no guarantee that it will remain in force as other cross-
border issues remain contested. We maintain production, engineering and sales facilities in the U.K. and adverse consequences 
concerning Brexit could result in a deterioration in global economic conditions, instability in global financial markets, political 
uncertainty, volatility in currency exchange rates, or adverse changes in the cross-border agreements currently in place, any of 
which could have an adverse impact on our financial results in the future.

In the past, our overall business has not been immune from adverse economic conditions. If U.S. or global economic conditions 
deteriorate further, or political conditions become unstable, or additional economic sanctions are imposed on some of our end-
customers, it could adversely impact our business in a number of ways, including:

•

•

•

Difficulty in forecasting our results of operations - It is difficult to accurately forecast our results of operations during 
periods of adverse conditions as we cannot predict the severity or the duration of such conditions or the impact it could 
have on our current and prospective customers. If our current or prospective customers materially postpone, reduce or 
even forgo purchases of our products and services to a greater extent than we anticipate, or if we are unable to secure 
certain  parts  that  are  currently  in  limited  supply  due  to  supplier  constraints,  our  business  outlook  will  prove  to  be 
inaccurate.

Additional reductions in telecommunications equipment and systems spending may occur - In the past, our businesses 
have been negatively affected by uncertain economic environments in the overall market and, more specifically, in the 
telecommunications sector. Our customers have reduced their budgets for spending on telecommunications equipment 
and  systems  and  in  some  cases  postponed  or  reduced  the  purchase  of  our  products  and  systems.  In  the  future,  our 
customers  may  again  reduce  their  spending  on  telecommunications  equipment  and  systems  which  would  negatively 
impact  both  of  our  operating  segments.  If  this  occurs,  it  would  adversely  affect  our  business  outlook,  net  sales, 
profitability and the recoverability of our assets, including intangible assets such as goodwill.

Our customers may not be able to obtain financing - Although many of our products are relatively inexpensive when 
compared  to  the  total  systems  or  networks  that  they  are  incorporated  into,  our  sales  are  affected  by  our  customers' 
ability  to  obtain  the  financing  they  may  require  to  build  out  their  total  systems  or  networks  and  fund  ongoing 
operations.  Many  of  our  emerging  market  customers  obtain  financing  for  network  buildouts  from  European 
commercial banks and/or governments. Our customers' inability to obtain adequate financing would adversely affect 
our net sales. In addition, if the economic environment and lack of financing results in insolvencies for our customers, 
it  would  adversely  impact  the  recoverability  of  our  accounts  receivable  which  would,  in  turn,  adversely  impact  our 
results of operations.

21

We  have  significant  operations  in  Arizona,  Florida,  California,  Washington  State,  Maryland,  New  York  and  other 
locations which could be materially and adversely impacted in the event of a terrorist attack and government responses 
thereto or significant disruptions (including natural disasters) to our business.

Terrorist attacks, the U.S. and other governments' responses thereto, and threats of war could materially adversely impact our 
business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  For  example,  our  911  hosted  location-based  services  and  satellite 
teleport services operations depend on our ability to maintain our computer and equipment and systems in effective working 
order, and to protect our systems against damage from fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure, sabotage, 
unauthorized access to our system or similar events. 

Although  many  of  our  mission-critical  systems  and  equipment  are  designed  with  built-in  redundancy  and  security,  any 
unanticipated interruption or delay in our operations or breach of security could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Our  property  and  business  interruption  insurance  may  not  be  adequate  to 
compensate  us  for  any  losses  that  may  occur  in  the  event  of  a  terrorist  attack,  threat,  system  failure  or  a  breach  of  security. 
Insurance may not be available to us at all or, if available, may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. 

We  currently,  and  intend  to  continue  to,  operate  a  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona.  The 
COVID-19 pandemic, a terrorist attack or similar future event may disrupt our operations or those of our customers or suppliers 
and  may  affect  the  availability  of  materials  needed  to  manufacture  our  products  or  the  means  to  transport  those  materials  to 
manufacturing  facilities  and  finished  products  to  customers.  If  a  natural  disaster  or  other  business  interruption  occurred  with 
respect to our high-volume technology manufacturing center, we do not have immediate access to other manufacturing facilities 
and, as a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely affected. To support 
our long-term business goals for our satellite earth station product line, in fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year lease for a new 
146,000 square foot facility in Chandler, Arizona and began shifting production of our satellite earth station products from our 
existing Tempe, Arizona locations. If we are unable to have a smooth transition to our new facility, production and deliveries of 
our products may be impacted and we may incur unexpected costs. 

We design and manufacture our over-the-horizon microwave equipment and systems in Florida, where major hurricanes have 
occurred  in  the  past,  and  amplifiers  in  Santa  Clara,  California,  an  area  close  to  major  earthquake  fault  lines,  and  also 
manufacture amplifiers in Melville, New York, an area subject to hurricanes. Additionally, certain of our Commercial Solutions 
segment activities are conducted in Washington State which is also near a fault line. We maintain operations in Maryland near a 
U.S. Navy facility which is more prone to a terrorist attack. Our operations in these and other locations (such as in our high-
volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Tempe,  Arizona  and  our  antenna  production  facility  in  the  United 
Kingdom),  could  be  subject  to  natural  disasters  or  other  significant  disruptions,  including  hurricanes,  tornadoes,  typhoons, 
tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, fires, water shortages, other extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, acts of terrorism, 
power shortages and blackouts, telecommunications failures, and other natural and man-made disasters or disruptions.

We  cannot  be  sure  that  our  systems  will  operate  appropriately  if  we  experience  hardware  or  software  failure,  intentional 
disruptions of service by third parties, an act of God or an act of war. A failure in our systems could cause delays in transmitting 
data, and as a result we may lose customers or face litigation that could involve material costs and distract management from 
operating our business.

In the event of any such disaster or other disruption, we could experience disruptions or interruptions to our operations or the 
operations of our suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers; destruction of facilities; and/or loss of life, all of which could 
materially  increase  our  costs  and  expenses  and  materially  adversely  affect  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition.

In addition, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and business shutdowns both domestically and 
globally, including in locations in which we have significant operations. These or any further political, governmental or other 
actions  to  contain  the  spread  or  treat  the  impact  of  COVID-19,  and  the  resulting  developments,  are  highly  uncertain  and 
unpredictable and could result in social, economic and labor instability. These uncertainties could have a material adverse effect 
on the continuity of our business and our financial condition, the results of operations and cash flows. 

22

Business Risks

Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification and such cancellations could result in a decline in sales 
and increased provisions for excess and obsolete inventory.

We currently have a backlog of orders, mostly under contracts that our customers may modify or terminate. Almost all of the 
contracts in our backlog (including firm orders previously received from the U.S. government) are subject to cancellation at the 
convenience of the customer or for default in the event that we are unable to perform under the contract. 

In  some  cases,  such  as  contracts  received  from  large  U.S.  based  telecommunication  companies,  our  backlog  is  computed  by 
multiplying  the  most  recent  month’s  contract  or  revenue  by  the  months  remaining  under  the  existing  long-term  agreements, 
which  we  consider  to  be  the  best  available  information  for  anticipating  revenue  under  those  agreements.  Also,  a  significant 
portion  of  the  backlog  from  our  U.S.  commercial  customers  relates  to  large,  multi-year  contracts  to  provide  state  and  local 
governments  (and  their  agencies)  with  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions.  Although  the  contracts  themselves 
represent legal, binding obligations of these governments, funding is often subject to the approval of budgets (for example, on 
an annual or bi-annual basis). Although funding for these multi-year contracts are dependent on future budgets being approved, 
we include the full estimated value of these large, multi-year contracts in our backlog given the critical nature of the services 
being  provided  and  the  positive  historical  experience  of  our  state  and  local  government  customers  passing  their  respective 
budgets.

There can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, particularly during 
periods of macroeconomic instability. Nor can there be any assurance that any contract included in backlog will be profitable. 
The actual amount and timing of any revenue is subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The 
actual  recognition  of  revenue  on  contracts  included  in  backlog  may  never  occur  or  may  change  because  a  program  schedule 
could change, a customer may not follow up with order details (e.g., delivery instructions), fluctuations in currency exchange 
rates after an order is placed could cause our products to become too expensive for a foreign customer, a customer’s program 
could be canceled, a contract could be reduced, modified or terminated early due to changes in a customer’s priorities, funding 
may not be included in future budgets, actual indirect rates being reimbursed on U.S. government contracts may ultimately be 
less  than  those  indirect  rates  included  in  our  initial  proposals,  or  an  option  that  we  had  assumed  would  be  exercised  is  not 
exercised. 

We  record  a  provision  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory  based  on  historical  and  projected  usage  trends  and  other  factors, 
including the consideration of the amount of backlog we have on hand at any particular point in time. If orders in our backlog 
are  canceled  or  modified,  our  estimates  of  future  product  demand  may  prove  to  be  inaccurate,  in  which  case  we  may  have 
understated  the  provision  required  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory.  In  the  future,  if  we  determine  that  our  inventory  is 
overvalued, we will be required to recognize such costs in our financial statements at the time of such determination. Any such 
charges could be materially adverse to our results of operations and financial condition.

Contract cost growth on our firm fixed-price contracts, including most of our government contracts, cost reimbursable 
type contracts and other contracts that cannot be justified as an increase in contract value due from customers exposes 
us to reduced profitability and the potential loss of future business and other risks.

A  substantial  portion  of  our  products  and  services  are  sold  under  firm  fixed-price  contracts.  Firm  fixed-price  contracts 
inherently  have  more  risk  than  flexibly  priced  contracts.  This  means  that  we  bear  the  risk  of  unanticipated  technological, 
manufacturing,  supply  or  other  problems,  price  increases  or  other  increases  in  the  cost  of  performance.  Future  events  could 
result in either upward or downward adjustments to those estimates which could negatively impact our profitability. Operating 
margin is materially adversely affected when contract costs that cannot be billed to the customer are incurred. This cost growth 
can occur if initial estimates used for calculating the contract price were incorrect, or if estimates to complete increase. To a 
lesser extent, we provide products and services under cost reimbursable type contracts which carry the entire burden of costs 
exceeding a negotiated contract ceiling price.

The  cost  estimation  process  requires  significant  judgment  and  expertise.  Reasons  for  cost  growth  may  include  unavailability 
and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of 
materials, the effect of any delays in performance, availability and timing of funding from the customer, natural disasters, and 
the inability to recover any claims included in the estimates to complete. A significant change in an estimate on one or more 
programs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Our  business  is  highly  dependent  on  the  budgetary  decisions  of  our  government  customers,  including  the  U.S. 
government (including prime contractors to the U.S. government), and changes in the U.S. government’s fiscal policies 
or budgetary priorities may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

During our fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, sales to the U.S. government (including sales to prime contractors 
to  the  U.S.  government)  were  $201.1  million,  $223.4  million  and  $269.2  million  or  34.6%,  36.2%  and  40.1%  of  our 
consolidated  net  sales,  respectively.  In  addition,  a  large  portion  of  our  existing  backlog  consists  of  orders  related  to  U.S. 
government contracts and our Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022 and beyond depends, in part, on significant new orders from 
the U.S. government, which undergoes extreme budgetary pressures from time to time.

We  rely  on  particular  levels  of  U.S.  government  spending  on  our  communication  solutions,  and  our  receipt  of  future  orders 
depends in large part on continued funding by the U.S. government for the programs in which we participate. These spending 
levels are not generally correlated with any specific economic cycle, but rather follow the cycle of general public policy and 
political  support  for  this  type  of  spending.  Government  contracts  are  conditioned  upon  the  continuing  availability  of 
congressional appropriations and Congress’s failure to appropriate funds, or Congress’s actions to reduce or delay spending on, 
or reprioritize its spending away from, U.S. government programs which we participate in, could negatively affect our results of 
operations. Because many of the items we sell to the U.S. government are included in large programs realized over a period of 
several years, it is difficult, if not impossible, to determine specific amounts that are or will be appropriated for our products 
and  services.  As  such,  our  assessments  relating  to  the  impact  of  changes  in  U.S.  government  spending  may  prove  to  be 
incorrect.

The federal debt limit continues to be actively debated as plans for long-term national fiscal policy are discussed. The outcome 
of these discussions could have a significant impact on defense spending broadly and programs we support in particular. The 
failure of Congress to approve future budgets and/or increase the debt ceiling of the U.S. on a timely basis could delay or result 
in  the  loss  of  contracts  for  the  procurement  of  our  products  and  services  and  we  may  be  asked  or  required  to  continue  to 
perform for some period of time on certain of our U.S. government contracts, even if the U.S. government is unable to make 
timely payments. A decrease in Department of Defense or Department of Homeland Security expenditures, the elimination or 
curtailment of a material program in which we are involved (such as the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan or other parts 
of the world), or changes in payment patterns of our customers as a result of changes in U.S. government spending could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Ultimately, the U.S. government may be unable to timely complete its budget process or fully agree upon spending priorities. 
As such, it is possible that a shutdown of the U.S. government may occur, or interim budgets may be adopted. As such, we may 
experience delayed orders, delayed payments and declines in net sales, profitability and cash flows. We may experience related 
supply  chain  delays,  disruptions  or  other  problems  associated  with  financial  constraints  faced  by  our  suppliers  and 
subcontractors. Moreover, an outbreak of a pandemic such as the COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantines, closures and 
travel  restrictions  may  cause  temporary  or  long-term  disruptions  in  our  supply  chain  and  distribution  systems.  All  of  the 
aforementioned  conditions  and  factors  could,  in  the  aggregate,  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition. Additionally, cost cutting, efficiency initiatives, reprioritization, other affordability analyses, 
and  changes  in  budgetary  priorities  by  our  governmental  customers,  including  the  U.S.  government,  could  adversely  impact 
both  of  our  operating  segments.  We  are  unable  to  predict  the  impact  these  or  similar  events  could  have  on  our  business, 
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Our contracts with the U.S. government are subject to unique business, commercial and government audit risks.

We  depend  on  the  U.S.  government  for  a  significant  portion  of  our  revenues.  Our  contracts  with  the  U.S.  government  are 
subject to unique business and commercial risks, including:

•

•

•

•

unexpected contract or project terminations or suspensions;

unpredictable order placements, reductions, accelerations, delays or cancellations;

higher  than  expected  final  costs,  particularly  relating  to  software  and  hardware  development,  for  work  performed 
under contracts where we commit to specified deliveries for a fixed-price; and

unpredictable cash collections of unbilled receivables that may be subject to acceptance of contract deliverables by the 
customer and contract close out procedures, including government audit and approval of final indirect rates.

24

Although we take steps to mitigate our risk with respect to contracts with the U.S. government, we may not be able to do so in 
every instance for any of the following reasons, among others:

•

•

Our U.S. government contracts can easily be terminated by the U.S. government - Our U.S. government contracts can 
be  terminated  by  the  U.S.  government  for  its  convenience  or  upon  an  event  of  default  by  us.  Termination  for 
convenience provisions provide us with little to no recourse related to: our potential recovery of costs incurred or costs 
committed, potential settlement expenses and hypothetical profit on work completed prior to termination. 

Our  U.S.  government  contracts  are  subject  to  funding  by  the  U.S.  Congress  -  Our  U.S.  government  contracts  are 
conditioned upon the continuing approval by Congress of the necessary funding. Congress usually appropriates funds 
for  a  given  program  on  a  fiscal  year  basis  even  though  contract  performance  may  take  more  than  one  year. 
Consequently, at the beginning of a major program, the contract may not be fully funded, and additional monies are 
normally  committed  to  the  contract  only  if,  and  when,  appropriations  are  made  by  Congress  for  future  fiscal  years. 
Delays  or  changes  in  funding  can  impact  the  timing  of  awards  or  lead  to  changes  in  program  content.  We  obtain 
certain of our U.S. government contracts through a competitive bidding process. There can be no assurance that we 
will win additional contracts or that actual contracts that are awarded will ultimately be profitable.

• We can be disqualified as a supplier to the U.S. government - As a supplier to the U.S. government, we must comply 
with  numerous  regulations,  including  those  governing  security,  contracting  practices  and  classified  information. 
Failure to comply with these regulations and practices could result in fines being imposed against us or our suspension 
for a period of time from eligibility for bidding on, or for award of, new government contracts. If we are disqualified 
as a supplier to government agencies, we would lose most, if not all, of our U.S. government customers and revenues 
from sales of our products would decline significantly.

•

Our employees may not be able to obtain and maintain the required security clearances for the facilities in which we 
perform  sensitive  government  work  -  Certain  of  our  U.S.  Government  contracts  require  our  employees  to  maintain 
various levels of security clearances, and we are required to maintain certain facility security clearances. If we cannot 
maintain or obtain the required security clearances for our facilities and our employees, or obtain these clearances in a 
timely manner, we may be unable to perform certain U.S. Government contracts. Further, loss of a facility clearance, 
or  an  employee’s  failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  a  security  clearance,  could  result  in  a  U.S.  Government  customer 
terminating an existing contract or choosing not to renew a contract. Lack of required clearances could also impede our 
ability to bid on or win new U.S. Government contracts. This could damage our reputation and adversely affect our 
business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, all of our U.S. government contracts can be audited by the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA") and other 
U.S. government agencies and we can be subject to penalties arising from post-award contract audits (sometimes referred to as 
a Truth in Negotiations Act or "TINA" audit) or cost audits in which the value of our contracts may be reduced. If costs are 
found  to  be  improperly  allocated  to  a  specific  contract,  those  costs  will  not  be  reimbursed,  and  any  such  costs  already 
reimbursed would be required to be refunded. TCS underwent audits by the DCAA for periods prior to Comtech’s fiscal 2016 
acquisition  of  TCS.  The  DCAA  has  informed  us  that  it  is  proposing  retroactive  contracts  adjustments  that,  if  finalized  and 
issued, would result in the need for us to provide a refund to the U.S. government of approximately $2.4 million. We disagree 
with the DCAA’s assessment and would vigorously protest any adjustment. We have not recorded any reserve related to these 
audits but ultimately an adjustment may be issued. Although we record contract revenues based upon costs we expect to realize 
upon  final  audit,  we  cannot  predict  the  outcome  of  any  such  future  audits  and  adjustments,  and  we  may  be  required  to 
materially reduce our revenues or profits upon completion and final negotiation of audits. Negative audit findings could also 
result in termination of a contract, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines and suspension or debarment from U.S. 
government contracting or subcontracting for a period of time.

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Our dependence on sales to international customers exposes us to unique business, commercial and export compliance 
audit risks.

Sales  for  use  by  international  customers  (including  sales  to  U.S.  companies  for  inclusion  in  products  that  will  be  sold  to 
international customers) represented approximately 23.9%, 23.5% and 25.4% of our consolidated net sales for the fiscal years 
ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and we expect that international sales will continue to be a significant portion 
of  our  consolidated  net  sales  for  the  foreseeable  future.  These  sales  expose  us  to  certain  risks,  including  barriers  to  trade, 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (which may make our products less price-competitive), political and economic 
instability, exposure to public health epidemics, availability of suitable export financing, tariff regulations, and other U.S. and 
foreign regulations that may apply to the export of our products. Although we take steps to mitigate our risk with respect to 
international sales, we may not be able to do so in every instance for any of the following reasons, among others:

• We may not be able to continue to structure our international contracts to reduce risk - We attempt to reduce the risk of 
doing  business  in  foreign  countries  by  seeking  subcontracts  with  large  systems  suppliers,  contracts  denominated  in 
U.S. dollars, advance or milestone payments and irrevocable letters of credit in our favor. However, we may not be 
able  to  reduce  the  economic  risk  of  doing  business  in  foreign  countries  in  all  instances.  In  such  cases,  billed  and 
unbilled  receivables  relating  to  international  sales  are  subject  to  increased  collectability  risk  and  may  result  in 
significant write-offs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition. In addition, foreign defense contracts generally contain provisions relating to termination at the convenience 
of the government.

• We rely on a limited number of international sales agents - In some countries, we rely upon one or a small number of 
sales agents, exposing us to risks relating to our contracts with, and related performance of, those agents. We attempt 
to reduce our risk with respect to sales agents by establishing additional foreign sales offices where it is practical and 
by engaging, where practicable, more than one independent sales representative in a territory. It is our policy to require 
all sales agents to operate in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Violations of any of these laws, 
rules  or  regulations,  and  other  business  practices  that  are  regarded  as  unethical,  could  interrupt  the  sales  of  our 
products  and  services,  result  in  the  cancellation  of  orders  or  the  termination  of  customer  relationships,  and  could 
damage  our  reputation,  any  of  which  developments  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

• We price most of our products in U.S. dollars - Today, most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. Over the last 
few years, the U.S. dollar has strengthened significantly against many international currencies. As such, many of our 
international  customers  experienced  a  drop  in  their  purchasing  power  as  it  relates  to  their  ability  to  purchase  our 
products.  To  date,  we  have  not  materially  changed  our  selling  prices  and  have  experienced  lower  sales  volumes  in 
certain cases. If the U.S. dollar strengthens from current levels against many international currencies, our customers 
may reduce their spending or postpone purchases of our products and services to a greater extent than we currently 
anticipate which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

• We must comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations of the U.S. and other countries - Certain of 
our products and systems may require licenses from U.S. government agencies for export from the U.S., and some of 
our  products  are  not  permitted  to  be  exported.  In  addition,  in  certain  cases,  U.S.  export  controls  also  severely  limit 
unlicensed  technical  discussions,  such  as  discussions  with  any  persons  who  are  not  U.S.  citizens  or  permanent 
residents.  As  a  result,  in  cases  where  we  may  need  a  license,  our  ability  to  compete  against  a  non-U.S.  domiciled 
foreign company that may not be subject to the same U.S. laws may be materially adversely affected. U.S. laws and 
regulations  applicable  to  us  include  the  Arms  Export  Control  Act,  the  IEEPA,  the  ITAR,  the  EAR  and  the  trade 
sanctions laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department's OFAC.

26

• We  must  comply  with  the  FCPA  and  similar  laws  elsewhere  -  We  are  subject  to  the  FCPA  and  other  foreign  laws 
prohibiting  corrupt  payments  to  government  officials,  which  generally  bar  bribes  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign 
governments  or  officials.  Violations  of  these  laws  or  regulations  could  result  in  significant  sanctions,  including 
disgorgement  of  profits,  fines,  criminal  sanctions  against  us,  our  officers,  our  directors,  or  our  employees,  more 
onerous compliance requirements, more extensive debarments from export privileges or loss of authorizations needed 
to  conduct  aspects  of  our  international  business.  A  violation  of  any  of  the  regulations  enumerated  above  could 
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have implemented 
policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that 
our  employees,  contractors,  agents,  or  subsidiaries  will  not  violate  our  policies.  Additionally,  changes  in  regulatory 
requirements which could restrict our ability to deliver services to our international customers, including the addition 
of  a  country  to  the  list  of  sanctioned  countries  under  the  IEEPA  or  similar  legislation  could  negatively  impact  our 
business. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we conducted no business with states designated as 
sponsors of terrorism. 

• We  must  maintain  a  company-wide  Office  of  Trade  Compliance  -  In  the  past,  we  have  self-reported  violations  of 
export control laws or regulations to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls ("DDTC"), 
DoC and OFAC. In addition, we have made various commitments to U.S. government agencies that oversee trade and 
export  matters  and  have  committed  that  we  will  maintain  certain  policies  and  procedures  including  maintaining  a 
company-wide  Chief  Trade  Compliance  Officer  and  Office  of  Trade  Compliance  and  conducting  ongoing  internal 
assessment and reporting any future violations to those agencies. Even though we take precautions to avoid engaging 
in transactions that may violate U.S. export control laws or regulations, including trade sanctions, those measures may 
not be effective in every instance. If it is determined that we have violated U.S. export control laws or regulations or 
trade regulations, civil and criminal penalties could apply, and we may suffer reputational harm.

• We are subject to future export compliance audits - We continue to implement policies and procedures to ensure that 
we comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations. We may be subject to future compliance audits that 
uncover improper or illegal activities that would subject us to material remediation costs, civil and criminal fines and/
or penalties and/or an injunction. In addition, we could suffer serious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety 
were made against us. Each of these outcomes could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The absence of comparable restrictions on competitors in 
other  countries  may  adversely  affect  our  competitive  position.  In  addition,  in  order  to  ship  our  products  into  and 
implement  our  services  in  some  countries,  the  products  must  satisfy  the  technical  requirements  of  that  particular 
country. If we were unable to comply with such requirements with respect to a significant quantity of our products, our 
sales  in  those  countries  could  be  restricted,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

• We  may  be  affected  by  the  future  imposition  of  tariffs  and  trade  restrictions  -  The  current  U.S.  administration  has 
generally not amended the trade policies and tariffs on imported products from the prior administration, and increased 
sanctions against Russia. Our inability to effectively manage the negative impacts of U.S. and foreign trade policies, 
including,  in  connection  with  our  business  with  customers  outside  of  the  United  States  or  with  newly  sanctioned 
entities could adversely affect our business and financial results.

A change in our relationship with our large wireless carrier customers could have a material adverse effect.

Although  we  have  a  long  history  of  providing  services  to  many  of  our  wireless  carrier  partners,  a  change  in  purchasing  or 
procurement  strategies  by  a  wireless  carrier  partner  could  result  in  the  loss  of  business  from  that  partner.  Additionally,  from 
time to time, we routinely perform services without a multi-period contract while we negotiate new and extended contract terms 
and pricing. These negotiations are complex and may take long periods of time. Even when we successfully negotiate a multi-
period contract, our wireless carrier contracts, such as the ones with Verizon which accounted for 10.7% of our sales in fiscal 
2021, provide for terminations with notice and provide a mechanism for the wireless carrier to renegotiate lower fees and/or 
change services. Fee pressure from these carriers is constant and ongoing. Thus, even when we obtain a multi-period contract 
term, our revenues could be suddenly and materially reduced.

27

Competitors offer technology that has functionality similar to ours for free, under different business models. Competition from 
such free offerings may reduce our revenue and harm our business. If our wireless carrier partners or our competition can offer 
such technology to their subscribers or customers for free, they may elect to cease their relationships with us, alter or reduce the 
manner or extent to which they market or offer our services or require us to substantially reduce our subscription fees or pursue 
other business strategies that may not prove successful for us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results 
of operations and financial condition.

If  our  wireless  carrier  partners  change  the  pricing  and  other  terms  by  which  they  offer  our  products  to  their  end-
customers  or  do  not  continue  to  provide  our  services  at  all  or  renegotiate  lower  fees  with  us,  our  business,  results  of 
operations, and financial condition could be suddenly and materially adversely affected. 

We generate a significant portion of our revenue from customers that are wireless carriers, such as Verizon which accounted for 
10.7% of our revenues in fiscal 2021. In addition, a portion of our revenue is derived from subscription fees that we receive 
from our wireless carrier partners for end-users who subscribe to our service on a standalone basis or in a bundle with other 
services.  Future  revenue  will  depend  on  the  pricing  and  quality  of  those  services  and  subscriber  demand  for  those  services, 
which  may  vary  by  market,  and  the  level  of  subscriber  turnover  experienced  by  our  wireless  carrier  partners.  If  subscriber 
turnover increases more than we anticipate, our financial results could be materially adversely affected.

Poor  performance  in  or  disruptions  of  the  services  included  in  our  advanced  communication  solutions  could  harm  our 
reputation, delay market acceptance of our services and subject us to liabilities (including breach of contract claims brought by 
our  customers  and  third-party  damages  claims  brought  by  end-users).  Our  wireless  carrier  agreements  and  certain  customers 
require us to meet specific requirements including operational uptime requirements or be subject to penalties.

If we are unable to meet contractual requirements with our wireless carrier partners, such as Verizon, they could terminate our 
agreements or we may be required to refund a portion of monthly subscriptions fees they have paid us.

Strategic Growth Risks

We face a number of risks relating to the expected long-term growth of our business. Our business and operating results 
may be negatively impacted if we are unable to manage this growth.

These risks include:

•

The  loss  of  key  technical  and/or  management  personnel  could  adversely  affect  our  business  -  Our  future  success 
depends on the continued contributions of key technical and management personnel. Many of our key and technical 
management  personnel  would  be  difficult  to  replace  and  are  not  subject  to  employment  or  non-competition 
agreements. We currently have research and development employees in areas that are located a great distance away 
from  our  U.S.  headquarters  and  some  work  out  of  their  respective  homes.  Managing  remote  product  development 
operations  is  difficult  and  we  may  not  be  able  to  manage  the  employees  in  these  remote  centers  successfully.  Our 
expected growth and future success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified 
engineering,  sales  and  marketing  personnel.  Competition  for  such  personnel  from  other  companies,  academic 
institutions, government entities and other organizations is intense. Although we believe that we have been successful 
to-date in recruiting and retaining key personnel, we may not be successful in attracting and retaining the personnel we 
will need to grow and operate profitably. Also, the management skills that have been appropriate for us in the past may 
not continue to be appropriate if we grow and diversify.

• We may not be able to improve our processes and systems to keep pace with anticipated growth - The future growth of 
our  business  may  place  significant  demands  on  our  managerial,  operational,  production  and  financial  resources.  In 
order to manage that growth, we must be prepared to improve and expand our management, operational and financial 
systems and controls, as well as our production capabilities. We also need to continue to recruit and retain personnel 
and  train  and  manage  our  employee  base.  We  must  carefully  manage  research  and  development  capabilities  and 
production  and  inventory  levels  to  meet  product  demand,  new  product  introductions  and  product  and  technology 
transitions.  Our  planned  moves  to  new  high  volume  manufacturing  facilities  in  Chandler,  Arizona  and  Basingstoke, 
U.K. may be delayed and subject to unforeseen costs (both capital and operational), which could impede our ability to 
complete  customer  orders  and  thereby  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition. If we are not able to timely and effectively manage our growth and maintain the quality standards 
required  by  our  existing  and  potential  customers,  it  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

28

•

Our markets are highly competitive and there can be no assurance that we can continue to compete effectively - The 
markets for our products are highly competitive. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to compete 
successfully on price or other terms, or that our competitors will not develop new technologies and products that are 
more  effective  than  our  own.  We  expect  the  Department  of  Defense’s  increased  use  of  commercial  off-the-shelf 
products and components in military equipment will encourage new competitors to enter the market. Also, although 
the implementation of advanced telecommunications services is in its early stages in many developing countries, we 
believe competition will continue to intensify as businesses and foreign governments realize the market potential of 
telecommunications  services.  Many  of  our  competitors  have  financial,  technical,  marketing,  sales  and  distribution 
resources greater than ours. Recently, we have seen increased requests for proposals from large wireless carriers for 
sole-source solutions and have responded to several such requests. In order to induce retention of existing customer 
contracts and obtain business on a sole-source basis, we may ultimately agree to adjust pricing on a retroactive basis. If 
our sole-source proposals are rejected in favor of a competitor’s proposal, it could result in the termination of existing 
contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

• We  may  not  be  able  to  obtain  sufficient  components  to  meet  expected  demand  -  Our  dependence  on  component 
availability,  government  furnished  equipment,  subcontractors  and  key  suppliers,  including  the  core  manufacturing 
expertise  of  our  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona  exposes  us  to  risk.  Although  we 
obtain certain components and subsystems from a single source or a limited number of sources, we believe that most 
components and subsystems are available from alternative suppliers and subcontractors. During the past two years or 
so, partly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result of overall increased industry-wide demand, lead times for 
many components have increased as well as freight costs. In addition, threats of or actual tariffs could limit our ability 
to obtain certain parts on a cost-effective basis, or at all. A significant interruption in the delivery of such items could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Similarly,  if  our  high-
volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona  is  unable  to  produce  sufficient  product  or  maintain 
quality, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

•

Our ability to maintain affordable credit insurance may become more difficult - In the normal course of our business, 
we purchase credit insurance to mitigate some of our domestic and international credit risk. Although credit insurance 
remains  generally  available,  upon  renewal,  it  may  become  more  expensive  to  obtain  or  may  not  be  available  for 
existing or new customers in certain international markets and it might require higher deductibles than in the past. If 
we acquire a company with a different customer base, we may not be able to obtain credit insurance for those sales. As 
such, there can be no assurance that, in the future, we will be able to obtain credit insurance on a basis consistent with 
our past practices.

We have incurred indebtedness under a Credit Facility, and may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, 
and may not be able to service that debt in the future and we must maintain compliance with various covenants that 
impose restrictions on our business.

On October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a syndicate 
of lenders, replacing our prior Credit Agreement dated as of February 23, 2016. The Credit Facility provides a senior secured 
loan facility of up to $550.0 million consisting of: (i) a revolving loan facility with a borrowing limit of $300.0 million; (ii) an 
accordion feature allowing us to borrow up to an additional $250.0 million; (iii) a $35.0 million letter of credit sublimit; and 
(iv) a swingline loan credit sublimit of $25.0 million. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all 
of our tangible and intangible assets. 

As of July 31, 2021, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $201.0 million, which is reflected in the non-current 
portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of July 31, 2021, we also had $1.5 million of standby letters 
of credit outstanding under our Credit Facility related to guarantees of future performance on certain customer contracts.

The  Credit  Facility  matures  on  October  31,  2023.  If  we  do  not  have  sufficient  funds  to  repay  our  debt  when  due,  it  may  be 
necessary  to  refinance  our  debt  through  additional  debt  or  equity  financings.  If,  at  the  time  of  any  refinancing,  prevailing 
interest  rates  or  other  factors  result  in  higher  interest  rates  on  such  refinancing,  increases  in  interest  expense  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our  Credit  Facility  contains  various  affirmative  and  negative  covenants  that  may  restrict  our  ability  to,  among  other  things, 
permit liens on our property, change the nature of our business, transact business with affiliates and/or merge or consolidate 
with any other person or sell or convey certain of our assets to any one person.

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As of July 31, 2021, our Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) was 2.53x trailing twelve month ("TTM") 
Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Facility) compared to the maximum allowable Leverage Ratio of 3.75x TTM 
Consolidated  EBITDA.  Our  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  as  of  July  31,  2021  was  13.05x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA 
compared to the Minimum Interest Expense Coverage Ratio of 3.25x TTM Adjusted EBITDA.

We anticipate maintaining compliance with the terms and financial covenants in our Credit Facility for the foreseeable future, 
however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet these covenants.

Further,  our  ability  to  comply  with  covenants,  terms  of  and  conditions  our  facility  may  be  affected  by  events  beyond  our 
control. Failure to comply with covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could accelerate our 
repayment  obligations.  Our  substantial  debt  obligations  could  impede,  restrict  or  delay  the  implementation  of  our  business 
strategy or prevent us from entering into transactions that would otherwise benefit our business. For example:

•

•

•

•

•

•

we  may  be  required  to  dedicate  a  substantial  portion  of  our  cash  flows  from  operations  to  payments  on  our
indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flows for other purposes, including business development
efforts, capital expenditures, dividends or strategic acquisitions;

if we are not able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our substantial debt service obligations or to fund our other
liquidity needs, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or raising additional equity or reducing or delaying
capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and joint ventures, or restructuring our debt;

we may not be able to fund future working capital, capital investments and other business activities;

we may not be able to pay dividends or make certain other distributions;

we may become more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business or a worsening of general economic or
industry-specific conditions; and

our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry may be limited, thereby placing us
at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

Moreover,  we  may  incur  substantial  additional  indebtedness  in  the  future  to  fund  acquisitions  or  to  fund  other  activities  for 
general business purposes. If additional new debt is added to the current or planned debt levels, the related risks that we now 
face could intensify. A substantial increase in our indebtedness could also have a negative impact on our credit ratings. In this 
regard, failure to maintain our credit ratings could adversely affect the interest rate available to us in future financings, as well 
as our liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets. Any decision regarding future borrowings will be based on 
the facts and circumstances existing at the time, including market conditions and our credit ratings. 

Acquisitions  of  companies  and  investments  could  prove  difficult  to  integrate,  disrupt  our  business,  dilute  stockholder 
value or adversely affect operating results or the market price of our common stock.

We expect to continue to evaluate other acquisitions and investments as part of our growth plans. Such efforts may not result 
in an acquisition or ultimately be beneficial to us.

Future acquisitions or investments may result in the use of significant amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity 
securities,  incurrence  of  large  amounts  of  debt,  increases  to  amortization  expense  and  future  write-offs  of  the  acquired 
intangibles. Acquisitions and investments involve risks that include failing to:

•

•

•

•

•

properly evaluate the technology;

accurately forecast the financial impact of the transaction, including accounting charges and transaction expenses;

integrate  the  technologies,  products  and  services,  research  and  development,  sales  and  marketing,  support  and  other
operations;

integrate and retain key management personnel and other key employees;

retain and cross-sell to acquired customers; and

30

•

combine potentially different corporate cultures.

Acquisitions and investments could also:

•

•

•

divert management’s attention away from the operation of our businesses;

result  in  significant  goodwill  and  intangibles  write-offs  in  the  event  an  acquisition  or  investment  does  not  meet
expectations; and

increase expenses, including expenses of managing the growth of such acquired businesses.

There can be no assurance that any future acquisition or investment will be successful within the anticipated time frame, or at 
all,  will  be  as  valuable  as  the  amount  we  eventually  pay  to  acquire  it,  and  will  not  adversely  affect  our  business,  results  of 
operations  or  financial  condition.  In  addition,  if  we  consummate  future  acquisitions  using  our  equity  securities  or  securities 
convertible into our equity securities, existing stockholders may be diluted, which could have a material adverse effect on the 
market price of our common stock.

Foreign  acquisitions  and  investments  are  regularly  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the  U.S.  government  and  its  agencies,  such  as  the 
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) and the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency 
(“DCSA”)  and  our  role  as  a  U.S.  federal  contractor  escalates  such  scrutiny,  in  particular,  with  respect  to  compliance  with 
industrial  security  requirements.  Failure  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  U.S.  government  could  result  in  fines  being 
imposed against us or our suspension for a period of time of authority to operate under certain government programs or from 
eligibility  for  bidding  on,  or  for  award  of,  new  government  contracts,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on 
our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In  connection  with  our  fiscal  2020  acquisition  of  CGC  Technology  Limited  ("CGC")  and  our  fiscal  2021  acquisition  of 
UHP Networks,  Inc.  (“UHP”),  we  now  have  a  facility  in  Basingstoke,  U.K.  and  opened  a  new  office  in  Moscow,  Russia. 
We  have implemented  and  submitted  for  review  by  DCSA  new  stringent  policies,  protocols,  procedures  and  organizational 
resolutions, including an updated Technology Control Plan, that prescribe the access controls and protective security measures 
necessary  to  preclude  unauthorized  access  by  foreign-national  customers,  vendors,  visitors,  or  employees  to  classified 
information  and  unclassified  export-controlled  information.  We  have  limited  experience  operating  in  these  foreign 
jurisdictions  and  if  we  are unable  to  comply  with  local  laws  or  U.S.  laws  related  to  such  activity  in  foreign  jurisdictions, 
or  the  DCSA  or  other  U.S. government agencies directs us to implement changes, our operations could be restricted and/or we 
could be subject to fines and penalties, both of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition.

Our  investments  in  recorded  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  could  be  impaired  as  a  result  of  future business 
conditions, a deterioration of the global economy or if we change our reporting unit structure.

As  of  July  31,  2021,  goodwill  recorded  on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  aggregated  $347.7  million.  Additionally,  as of 
July 31, 2021, net intangibles recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet aggregated $268.7 million.

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, our Commercial Solutions 
and Government Solutions segment each constitute a reporting unit and we must make various assumptions in determining their 
estimated  fair  values.  Reporting  units  are  defined  by  how  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  ("CEO")  manages  the  business, 
which  includes  resource  allocation  decisions.  We  may,  in  the  future,  change  our  management  approach  which  in  turn  may 
change the way  we  define  our  reporting  units,  as  such  term  is  defined  by  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB") 
Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other." A change to our management approach 
may require us to perform an interim goodwill impairment test and possibly record impairment charges in a future period.

In  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  350,  "Intangibles  -  Goodwill  and  Other,"  we  perform  a  goodwill  impairment  analysis  at 
least annually  (in  the  first  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year),  unless  indicators  of  impairment  exist  in  interim  periods.  If  we 
fail  the  quantitative  assessment  of  goodwill  impairment  ("quantitative  assessment"),  we  would  be  required  to  recognize  an 
impairment loss equal to the amount that a reporting unit's carrying value exceeded its fair value; however, any loss recognized 
should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

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On August 1, 2021 (the first day of our fiscal 2022), we performed our annual quantitative assessment and estimated the fair 
value  of  each  of  our  reporting  units  using  a  combination  of  the  income  and  market  approaches.  Based  on  our  quantitative 
evaluation, we determined that our Commercial Solutions and Government Solutions reporting units had estimated fair values 
in excess of their carrying values of at least 22.7% and 94.1%, respectively, and concluded that our goodwill was not impaired 
and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of failing the quantitative assessment.

It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2022  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could  deteriorate 
from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo purchases of our 
products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price  could  fluctuate.  Such 
fluctuation could be caused by uncertainty about the severity and length of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on global 
business activity.

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may also have a 
negative effect on future orders, sales, income and cash flows and we might be required to perform a quantitative assessment 
during fiscal 2022 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved in future periods or our common 
stock  price  significantly  declines  from  current  levels,  our  Commercial  Solutions  and  Government  Solutions  reporting  units 
could be at risk of failing the quantitative assessment and goodwill and intangibles assigned to the respective reporting units 
could be impaired. 

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2022 (the start of our fiscal 
2023). If our assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if we change our reporting unit structure or other events 
and circumstances change (e.g., a sustained decrease in the price of our common stock (considered on both absolute terms and 
relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we perform these tests, or in other future periods. In 
addition  to  our  impairment  analysis  of  goodwill,  we  also  review  net  intangibles  with  finite  lives  when  an  event  occurs 
indicating  the  potential  for  impairment.  We  believe  that  the  carrying  values  of  our  net  intangibles  were  recoverable  as  of 
July  31,  2021.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be  material  to  our  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition.

Cybersecurity Risks

We  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a  system  failure,  lack  of  or  failure  of  redundant  system  components,  security 
breach through cyber-attack, cyber intrusion or otherwise, by other significant disruption of our IT networks or those 
we  operate  for  certain  customers,  or  third-party  data  center  facilities,  servers  and  related  systems.  If  such  occurs,  in 
some cases, we may have to reimburse our customers for damages that they may have incurred, pay contract penalties, 
or provide refunds. 

Similar  to  all  companies  in  our  industry,  we  are  under  constant  cyber-attack  and  are  subject  to  an  ongoing  risk  of  security 
breaches and disruptions of our IT networks and related systems, including third-party data center facilities, whether through 
actual breaches, cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions via the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons 
inside  our  organization  or  persons  with  access  to  systems  inside  our  organization.  Actual  security  breaches  or  disruption, 
particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, 
have increased in recent years and have become more complex. Our IT networks and systems, as well as third-party data center 
facilities, have been and, we believe, continue to be under constant attack. We face an added risk of a security breach or other 
significant disruption to certain of our equipment used on some of our customers' IT networks and related systems which may 
involve managing and protecting information relating to public safety agencies, wireless carriers as well as national security and 
other sensitive government functions. Many of our systems have, or are required to have, system redundancies and back-up; in 
some  cases,  we  may  not  have  sufficient  redundancy  and/or  redundancy  and/or  back-ups  may  fail.  We  may  incur  significant 
costs  to  prevent  and  respond  to  system  failures,  failure  of  redundant  system  components,  actual  breaches,  cyber-attacks  and 
other systems disruptions.

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As  a  communications  company,  and  particularly  as  a  government  contractor  and  a  provider  of  public  safety  and  location 
technologies (including 911 hosted systems), we face a heightened risk of a security breach or disruption from actual breaches, 
cyber-attacks and other threats to gain unauthorized access to our and our customers' proprietary or classified information on 
our  IT  networks,  third-party  data  center  facilities  and  related  systems  and  to  certain  of  our  equipment  used  on  some  of  our 
customers'  IT  networks  and  related  systems.  These  types  of  information,  IT  networks  and  related  systems  are  critical  to  the 
operation of our business and essential to our ability to perform day-to-day operations, and, in some cases, are critical to the 
operations  of  certain  of  our  customers.  Although  we  make  significant  efforts  to  maintain  the  security  and  integrity  of  these 
types  of  information,  IT  networks  and  related  systems,  and  we  have  implemented  various  measures  to  manage  the  risk  of  a 
security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that actual 
security breaches or disruptions will not be successful or damaging. Even the most well protected information, networks, data 
centers, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because security breaches, particularly cyber-attacks and intrusions, 
and  disruptions  have  occurred  and  will  occur  again  in  the  future.  Techniques  used  in  such  breaches  and  cyber-attacks  are 
constantly evolving and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to be 
detected and, in fact, may not be detected. In some cases, the resources of foreign governments may be behind such attacks. 
Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative 
measures, and thus it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

A  security  breach  or  other  significant  disruption  (including  as  a  result  of  a  lack  of  redundancy  and/or  failure  of  such 
redundancy) involving these types of information, IT networks and related systems could:

•

•

•

•

Disrupt the proper functionality of these networks, data center facilities and systems and therefore our operations and/
or those of certain of our customers;

Result  in  the  unauthorized  access  to,  and  destruction,  loss,  theft,  misappropriation  or  release  of  proprietary,
confidential,  sensitive  or  otherwise  valuable  information  of  ours  or  our  customers,  including  trade  secrets,  which
others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes;

Compromise national security and other sensitive government functions;

Require significant management attention and resources to remedy the damage that results;

• Make payments to our customers to reimburse them for damages, pay them penalties or provide refunds; and

•

Damage our reputation with our customers (particularly agencies of the U.S. government) and the public generally.

In addition, the cost of continually defending against cyber-attacks and actual breaches has increased in recent years and future 
costs and any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

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The  measures  we  have  implemented  to  secure  information  we  collect  and  store  or  enable  access  to  may  be  breached, 
which could cause us to breach agreements with our partners and expose us to potential investigation and penalties by 
authorities  and  potential  claims  for  contract  breach,  product  liability  damages,  credits,  penalties  or  termination  by 
persons whose information was disclosed.

We  take  reasonable  steps  to  protect  the  security,  integrity  and  confidentiality  of  the  information  we  collect  and  store  and  to 
prevent unauthorized access to third-party data to which we enable access through our products, but there is no guarantee that 
inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access despite our efforts. If 
such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, we may be required to notify persons whose information was disclosed or 
accessed  under  existing  and  proposed  laws.  Because  the  techniques  used  to  obtain  unauthorized  access,  disable  or  degrade 
service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable 
to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. In the event of such disclosure, we also may be 
subject  to  claims  of  breach  of  contract,  investigation  and  penalties  by  regulatory  authorities  and  potential  claims  by  persons 
whose information was disclosed. If there is a security breach or if there is an inappropriate disclosure of any of these types of 
information,  we  could  be  exposed  to  investigations,  litigation,  fines  and  penalties.  Remediation  of  and  liability  for  loss  or 
misappropriation of end user or employee personal information could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of 
operations and financial condition. Even if we were not held liable for such event, a security breach or inappropriate disclosure 
of  personal,  private  or  confidential  information  could  harm  our  reputation  and  our  relationships  with  current  and  potential 
customers and end users. Even the perception of a security risk could inhibit market acceptance of our products and services. 
We may be required to invest additional resources to protect against damage caused by any actual or perceived disruptions of 
our services. We may also be required to provide information about the location of an end user’s mobile device to government 
authorities,  which  could  result  in  public  perception  that  we  are  providing  the  government  with  intelligence  information  and 
deter some end users from using our services. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

Legal, Regulatory and Litigation Risks

Changes in U.S. tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The  laws,  rules,  and  regulations  dealing  with  U.S.  federal,  state,  and  local  income  taxation  are  constantly  under  review  by 
persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to 
tax  laws  (which  changes  may  have  immediate  and/or  retroactive  application)  could  adversely  affect  us  or  holders  of  our 
common  stock.  In  recent  years,  many  changes  have  been  made  to  applicable  tax  laws  and  changes  are  likely  to  continue  to 
occur  in  the  future.  It  cannot  be  predicted  whether,  when,  in  what  form,  or  with  what  effective  dates,  new  tax  laws  may  be 
enacted, or regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or issued under existing or new tax laws, which could result in 
an  increase  in  our  tax  liability  or  require  changes  in  the  manner  in  which  we  operate  in  order  to  minimize  or  mitigate  any 
adverse effects of changes in tax law or in the interpretation thereof.

Our U.S. federal, state and foreign tax returns are subject to audit and a resulting tax assessment or settlement could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Significant  judgment  is 
required in determining the provision for income taxes.

The  final  determination  of  tax  examinations  and  any  related  litigation  could  be  materially  different  than  what  is  reflected  in 
historical income tax provisions and accruals. 

Our federal income tax returns for fiscal 2018 through 2020 are subject to potential future Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") 
audit. None of our state income tax returns prior to fiscal 2017 are subject to audit. In addition to income tax audits, TCS is 
subject to ongoing state excise tax audits by the Washington State Department of Revenue. Although adjustments relating to 
past audits of our federal income tax returns were immaterial, a resulting tax assessment or settlement for other periods or other 
jurisdictions that may be selected for future audit could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of 
operations and financial condition.

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We may be subject to environmental liabilities.

We engage in manufacturing and are subject to a variety of local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to the storage, 
discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture and disposal of toxic or other hazardous substances used to manufacture 
our products. We are also subject to the Restriction of Hazardous Substance ("RoHS") directive which restricts the use of lead, 
mercury and other substances in electrical and electronic products. The failure to comply with current or future environmental 
requirements  could  result  in  the  imposition  of  substantial  fines,  suspension  of  production,  alteration  of  our  manufacturing 
processes or cessation of operations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition. In addition, the handling, treatment or disposal of hazardous substances by us or our predecessors may have resulted, 
or could in the future result, in contamination requiring investigation or remediation, or lead to other liabilities, any of which 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The success of our business is dependent on compliance with FCC rules and regulations and similar foreign laws and 
regulations.

Many of our products are incorporated into wireless communications systems that must comply with various U.S. government 
regulations, including those of the FCC, as well as similar international laws and regulations. As a result, our business faces 
increased risks including the following:

• We  must  obtain  various  licenses  from  the  FCC  -  We  operate  FCC  licensed  teleports  that  are  subject  to  the 
Communications  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  or  the  FCC  Act,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  FCC.  We  cannot 
guarantee that the FCC will grant renewals when our existing licenses expire, nor are we assured that the FCC will not 
adopt  new  or  modified  technical  requirements  that  will  require  us  to  incur  expenditures  to  modify  or  upgrade  our 
equipment  as  a  condition  of  retaining  our  licenses.  We  may,  in  the  future,  be  required  to  seek  FCC  or  other 
government approval if foreign ownership of our stock exceeds certain specified criteria. Failure to comply with these 
policies  could  result  in  an  order  to  divest  the  offending  foreign  ownership,  fines,  denial  of  license  renewal  and/or 
license  revocation  proceedings  against  the  licensee  by  the  FCC,  or  denial  of  certain  contracts  from  other  U.S. 
government agencies.

• We are dependent on the allocation and availability of frequency spectrum - Adverse regulatory changes related to the 
allocation  and  availability  of  frequency  spectrum  and  in  the  military  standards  and  specifications  that  define  the 
current satellite networking environment, could materially harm our business by: (i) restricting development efforts by 
us and our customers, (ii) making our current products less attractive or obsolete, or (iii) increasing the opportunity for 
additional competition. The increasing demand for wireless communications has exerted pressure on regulatory bodies 
worldwide  to  adopt  new  standards  and  reassign  bandwidth  for  these  products  and  services.  The  reduced  number  of 
available frequencies for other products and services and the time delays inherent in the government approval process 
of new products and services have caused, and may continue to cause, our customers to cancel, postpone or reschedule 
their installation of communications systems including their satellite, over-the-horizon microwave, or terrestrial line-
of-sight  microwave  communication  systems.  This,  in  turn,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  sales  of 
products to our customers. Changes in, or our failure to comply with, applicable laws and regulations could materially 
adversely harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

•

Our  future  growth  is  dependent,  in  part,  on  developing  NG-911  compliant  products  -  The  FCC  requires  that  certain 
location information be provided to network operators for public safety answering points when a subscriber makes a 
911 call. Technical failures, greater regulation by federal, state or foreign governments or regulatory authorities, time 
delays or the significant costs associated with developing or installing improved location technology could slow down 
or  stop  the  deployment  of  our  mobile  location  products.  If  deployment  of  improved  location  technology  is  delayed, 
stopped  or  never  occurs,  market  acceptance  of  our  products  and  services  may  be  materially  adversely  affected. 
Because  we  rely  on  some  third-party  location  technology  instead  of  developing  all  of  the  technology  ourselves,  we 
have little or no influence over its improvement. The technology employed with NG-911 services generally anticipates 
a  migration  to  internet-protocol  ("IP")  based  communication.  Since  many  companies  are  proficient  in  IP-based 
communication  protocols,  the  barriers  to  entry  to  providing  NG-911  products  and  services  are  lower  than  for 
traditional  switch-based  protocols.  If  we  are  unable  to  develop  unique  and  proprietary  solutions  that  are  superior  to 
and/or  more  cost  effective  than  other  market  offers,  our  911  business  could  get  replaced  by  new  market  entrants, 
resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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•

Under the FCC’s mandate, our 911 business is dependent on state and local governments - Under the FCC’s mandate, 
wireless carriers are required to provide 911 services only if state and local governments request the service. As part of 
a state or local government’s decision to request 911, they have the authority to develop cost recovery mechanisms. 
However, cost recovery is no longer a condition to wireless carriers’ obligation to deploy the service. If state and local 
governments do not widely request that 911 services be provided or we become subject to significant pressures from 
wireless carriers with respect to pricing of 911 services, our 911 business would be harmed and future growth of our 
business would be reduced.

Regulation  of  the  mobile  communications  industry  and  VoIP  is  evolving,  and  unfavorable  changes  or  our  failure  to 
comply with existing and potential new legislation or regulations could harm our business and operating results.

As  the  mobile  communications  industry  continues  to  evolve,  we  believe  greater  regulation  by  federal,  state  or  foreign 
governments or regulatory authorities is likely and we face certain risks including:

• We must adhere to existing and potentially new privacy rules - We believe increased regulation is likely in the area of 
data  privacy,  and  laws  and  regulations  applying  to  the  solicitation,  collection,  processing  or  use  of  personal  or 
consumer  information  could  affect  our  customers’  ability  to  use  and  share  data,  potentially  reducing  our  ability  to 
utilize this information in the resale of certain of our products. In order for mobile location products and services to 
function properly, wireless carriers must locate their subscribers and store information on each subscriber’s location. 
Although data regarding the location of the wireless user resides only on the wireless carrier’s systems, users may not 
feel comfortable with the idea that the wireless carrier knows and can track their location. Carriers will need to obtain 
subscribers’  permission  to  gather  and  use  the  subscribers’  personal  information,  or  they  may  not  be  able  to  provide 
customized  mobile  location  services  which  those  subscribers  might  otherwise  desire.  If  subscribers  view  mobile 
location services as an annoyance or a threat to their privacy, that could reduce demand for our products and services 
and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Over  the  past  several  years,  there  have  been  a  number  of  laws  and  regulations  enacted  that  affect  companies 
conducting  business  on  the  Internet,  including  the  European  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  ("GDPR").  The 
GDPR imposes certain privacy related requirements on companies that receive or process personal data of residents of 
the  European  Union  that  are  currently  different  than  those  in  the  United  States  and  include  significant  penalties  for 
non-compliance.  Similarly,  there  are  a  number  of  legislative  proposals  in  the  United  States,  at  both  the  federal  and 
state  level,  that  could  impose  new  obligations  in  areas  affecting  our  business,  such  as  liability  for  personal  data 
protection.  In  addition,  some  countries  are  considering  or  have  passed  legislation  implementing  data  protection 
requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and 
complexity  of  delivering  our  services.  Our  costs  to  comply  with  the  GDPR  as  well  any  other  similar  laws  and 
regulations that emerge may negatively impact our business.

• We  may  face  increased  compliance  costs  in  connection  with  health  and  safety  requirements  for  mobile  devices  -  If 
wireless handsets pose health and safety risks, we may be subject to new regulations and demand for our products and 
services  may  decrease.  Media  reports  have  suggested  that  certain  radio  frequency  emissions  from  wireless  handsets 
may be linked to various health concerns, including cancer, and may interfere with various electronic medical devices, 
including hearing aids and pacemakers. Concerns over radio frequency emissions may have the effect of discouraging 
the  use  of  wireless  handsets,  which  would  decrease  demand  for  our  services.  In  recent  years,  the  FCC  and  foreign 
regulatory agencies have updated the guidelines and methods they use for evaluating radio frequency emissions from 
radio  equipment,  including  wireless  handsets.  In  addition,  interest  groups  have  requested  that  the  FCC  investigate 
claims  that  wireless  technologies  pose  health  concerns  and  cause  interference  with  airbags,  hearing  aids  and  other 
medical devices. There also are some safety risks associated with the use of wireless handsets while driving. Concerns 
over these safety risks and the effect of any legislation that may be adopted in response to these risks could limit our 
ability to market and sell our products and services.

•

The  regulatory  environment  for  VoIP  services  is  developing  -  The  FCC  has  determined  that  VoIP  services  are  not 
subject  to  the  same  regulatory  scheme  as  traditional  wireline  and  wireless  telephone  services.  If  the  regulatory 
environment  for  VoIP  services  evolves  in  a  manner  other  than  the  way  we  anticipate,  our  911  business  would  be 
significantly  harmed  and  future  growth  of  our  business  would  be  significantly  reduced.  For  example,  the  regulatory 
scheme for wireless and wireline service providers requires those carriers to allow service providers such as us to have 
access to certain databases that make the delivery of a 911 call possible. No such requirements exist for VoIP service 
providers,  so  carriers  could  prevent  us  from  continuing  to  provide  VoIP  911  service  by  denying  us  access  to  the 
required databases.

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Ongoing compliance with the provisions of securities laws, related regulations and financial reporting standards could 
unexpectedly materially increase our costs and compliance related expenses.

Because we are a publicly traded company, we are required to comply with provisions of securities laws, related regulations and 
financial  reporting  standards.  Because  securities  laws,  related  regulations  and  financial  reporting  standards  pertaining  to  our 
business are relatively complex, our business faces increased risks including the following:

•

•

If we identify a material weakness in the future, our costs may unexpectedly increase - Pursuant to Section 404 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related SEC rules, we are required to furnish a report of management’s assessment of 
the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  controls  as  part  of  our  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K.  Our  independent  registered 
public  accountants  are  required  to  attest  to  and  provide  a  separate  opinion.  To  issue  our  report,  we  document  our 
internal  control  design  and  the  testing  processes  that  support  our  evaluation  and  conclusion,  and  then  we  test  and 
evaluate the results. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to remediate material weaknesses, if any, 
that  may  be  identified  in  future  periods,  or  maintain  all  of  the  controls  necessary  for  continued  compliance.  There 
likewise  can  be  no  assurance  that  we  will  be  able  to  retain  sufficient  skilled  finance  and  accounting  personnel, 
especially in light of the increased demand for such personnel among publicly traded companies. 

Stock-based compensation accounting standards could negatively impact our stock - Since our inception, we have used 
stock-based  awards  as  a  fundamental  component  of  our  employee  compensation  packages.  We  believe  that  stock-
based awards directly motivate our employees to maximize long-term stockholder value and, through the use of long-
term vesting, encourage employees to remain with us. We apply the provisions of ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock 
Compensation," which requires us to record compensation expense in our statement of operations for employee and 
director stock-based awards using a fair value method. In the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 
2016-09 which modified certain aspects of ASC 718, including the requirement to recognize excess tax benefits and 
shortfalls  in  the  income  statement.  The  ongoing  application  of  this  standard  will  have  a  significant  effect  on  our 
reported earnings, and could adversely impact our ability to provide accurate guidance on our future reported financial 
results  due  to  the  variability  of  the  factors  used  to  estimate  the  value  of  stock-based  awards  (including  long-term 
performance shares which are subject to the achievement of three-year goals which are based on several performance 
metrics). The ongoing application of this standard could impact the future value of our common stock and may result 
in greater stock price volatility. To the extent that this accounting standard makes it less attractive to grant stock-based 
awards to employees, we may incur increased compensation costs, change our equity compensation strategy or find it 
difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

Also,  the  accounting  rules  and  regulations  that  we  must  comply  with  are  complex.  Accounting  rules  and  regulations  are 
continually  changing  in  ways  that  could  materially  impact  our  financial  statements.  As  further  discussed  in  "Notes  to 
Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (1) - Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies" included in "Part II 
-  Item  8.  -  Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,"  included  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K,  we  note  the 
following:

• We must maintain compliance with new complex revenue recognition rules - On August 1, 2018 (our first quarter of 
fiscal 2019), we adopted ASU No. 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," which replaces 
numerous  requirements  in  U.S.  GAAP,  including  industry  specific  requirements,  and  provides  a  single  revenue 
recognition model for contracts with customers. The ASU applies to all open contracts existing as of August 1, 2018. 
We  adopted  this  ASU  using  the  modified  retrospective  method  and  there  was  no  material  impact  on  our  business, 
results of operations and financial condition. 

• We must maintain compliance with new complex lease accounting rules - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 
2016-02,  "Leases  (Topic  842),"  to  revise  existing  lease  accounting  guidance.  The  update  requires  most  leases  to  be 
recorded on the balance sheet as a lease liability, with a corresponding right-of-use asset. We adopted Topic 842 on 
August 1, 2019, the beginning of our first quarter of fiscal 2020. Except for recording a total right-of-use asset and 
corresponding  lease  liability  on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet,  which  amount  approximates  4.0%  of  our  total 
consolidated assets at July 31, 2019, our adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact to our statements of 
operations or cash flows. 

37

We  must  comply  with  these  new  rules  on  a  go-forward  basis.  Because  of  the  uncertainties  of  the  estimates,  judgments  and 
assumptions associated with these new accounting standards, as well as with any future guidance or interpretations related to 
them, we may incur additional costs and cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to comply with such complex rules.

Our  costs  to  comply  with  the  aforementioned  and  other  regulations  continue  to  increase  and  we  may  have  to  add  additional 
accounting staff, engage consultants or change our internal practices, standards and policies which could significantly increase 
our costs to comply with ongoing or future requirements. In addition, the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC ("NASDAQ") routinely 
changes its requirements for companies, such as us, that are listed on NASDAQ. These changes (and potential future changes) 
have  increased  and  may  increase  our  legal  and  financial  compliance  costs,  including  making  it  more  difficult  and  more 
expensive  for  us  to  obtain  director  and  officer  liability  insurance  or  maintain  our  current  liability  coverage.  We  believe  that 
these new and proposed laws and regulations could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our 
Board of Directors, particularly to serve on our Audit Committee, and qualified executive officers.

Indemnification  provisions  in  our  contracts  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we include indemnification provisions in certain of our customer contracts. Pursuant to these 
agreements, we have agreed to indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by 
the  indemnified  party,  including  but  not  limited  to  losses  related  to  third-party  intellectual  property  claims.  Some  customers 
seek indemnification under their contractual arrangements with us for claims and other costs associated with defending lawsuits 
alleging  infringement  of  patents  through  their  use  of  our  products  and  services,  and  the  use  of  our  products  and  services  in 
combination with products and services of other vendors. 

In some cases, we have agreed to assume the defense of the case. In others, we will negotiate with these customers in good faith 
because we believe our technology does not infringe the cited patents or due to specific clauses within the customer contractual 
arrangements  that  may  or  may  not  give  rise  to  an  indemnification  obligation.  It  is  not  possible  to  determine  the  maximum 
potential amount we may spend under these agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular 
agreement.

Our  assessments  related  to  indemnification  provisions  are  based  on  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  been  deemed 
reasonable by management, but that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may 
occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions. Therefore, it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of 
one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements in a future period.

We  are,  from  time  to  time,  and  could  become  a  party  to  additional  litigation  or  subject  to  claims,  including  product 
liability  claims,  employee  claims,  government  investigations  and  other  proceedings  that  could  cause  us  to  incur 
unanticipated expenses and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

We are, from time to time, involved in commercial disputes and civil litigation relating to our businesses.

Our  agreements  with  customers  may  require  us  to  indemnify  such  customers.  Direct  claims  against  us  or  claims  against  our 
customers may relate to defects in or non-conformance of our products, or our own acts of negligence and non-performance. 
Occasionally,  we  are  called  upon  also  to  provide  information  in  connection  with  litigation  involving  other  parties  or 
government investigations. Product liability and other forms of insurance are expensive and may not be available in the future. 

We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain or obtain insurance coverage at acceptable costs or in sufficient amounts or 
that our insurer will not disclaim coverage as to a future claim. In many cases, we are unable to obtain insurance and are self-
insured. Any such claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

For  additional  information  related  to  these  lawsuits,  see  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (12)(a)  - 
Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings and Other Matters" included in "Part II - Item 8.- Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

38

Protection of our intellectual property is limited and pursuing infringers of our patents and other intellectual property 
rights can be costly.

Our businesses rely, in large part, upon our proprietary scientific and engineering know-how and production techniques. We 
rely  on  a  combination  of  patent,  copyright,  trademark,  service  mark,  trade  secret  and  unfair  competition  laws,  restrictions  in 
licensing agreements, confidentiality provisions and various other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and 
related proprietary rights, but these legal means provide only limited protection. Although a number of patents have been issued 
to  us  and  we  have  obtained  a  number  of  other  patents  as  a  result  of  our  acquisitions,  we  cannot  assure  you  that  our  issued 
patents will be upheld if challenged by another party. Additionally, with respect to any patent applications which we have filed, 
we cannot assure you that any patents will be issued as a result of these applications.

The  departure  of  any  of  our  key  management  and  technical  personnel,  the  breach  of  their  confidentiality  and  non-disclosure 
obligations  to  us  or  the  failure  to  achieve  our  intellectual  property  objectives  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, results of operations and financial condition. Our ability to compete successfully and achieve future revenue growth 
will  depend,  in  part,  on  our  ability  to  protect  our  proprietary  technology  and  operate  without  infringing  upon  the  rights  of 
others. We may fail to do so. In addition, the laws of certain countries in which our products are or may be sold may not protect 
our products or intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.

Our  ability  to  protect  our  intellectual  property  rights  is  also  subject  to  the  terms  of  future  government  contracts.  We  cannot 
assure you that the federal government will not demand greater intellectual property rights or restrict our ability to disseminate 
intellectual  property.  We  are  also  a  member  of  standards-setting  organizations  and  have  agreed  to  license  some  of  our 
intellectual property to other members on fair and reasonable terms to the extent that the license is required to develop non-
infringing products.

Pursuing infringers of our proprietary rights could result in significant litigation costs, and any failure to pursue infringers could 
result in our competitors utilizing our technology and offering similar products, potentially resulting in loss of a competitive 
advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark 
and  trade  secret  laws  afford  only  limited  protection.  In  addition,  the  laws  of  some  foreign  countries  do  not  protect  our 
proprietary  rights  to  the  same  extent  as  do  the  laws  of  the  U.S.  Protecting  our  know-how  is  difficult  especially  after  our 
employees or those of our third-party contract service providers end their employment or engagement. Attempts may be made 
to copy or reverse-engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, 
we may not be able to prevent the misappropriation of our technology or prevent others from developing similar technology. 
Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult and expensive. Litigation may be necessary in the future 
to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The costs 
and  diversion  of  resources  could  significantly  harm  our  business.  If  we  fail  to  protect  our  intellectual  property,  we  may  not 
receive any return on the resources expended to create the intellectual property or generate any competitive advantage based on 
it.

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property rights and we could be prevented from selling our 
products, or suffer significant litigation expense, even if these claims have no merit.

Our competitive position is driven in part by our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. Third parties, however, may 
claim  that  we,  our  products,  operations  or  any  products  or  technology  we  obtain  from  other  parties  are  infringing  their 
intellectual property rights, and we may be unaware of intellectual property rights of others that may impact some of our assets, 
technology and products. From time to time we receive letters from third parties who allege we are infringing their intellectual 
property  and  ask  us  to  license  such  intellectual  property.  We  review  the  merits  of  each  such  letter  and  respond  as  we  deem 
appropriate.

39

From time to time our customers are parties to allegations of intellectual property infringement claims based on our customers’ 
incorporation and use of our products and services, which may lead to demands from our customers for us to indemnify them 
for costs in defending those allegations. Any litigation regarding patents, trademarks, copyrights or intellectual property rights, 
even those without merit, and the related indemnification demands of our customers, can be costly and time consuming, and 
divert  our  management  and  key  personnel  from  operating  our  business.  The  complexity  of  the  technology  involved,  and 
inherent  uncertainty  and  cost  of  intellectual  property  litigation  increases  our  risks.  If  any  third  party  has  a  meritorious  or 
successful claim that we are infringing its intellectual property rights, we may be forced to change our products or enter into 
licensing  arrangements  with  third  parties,  which  may  be  costly  or  impractical.  This  also  may  require  us  to  stop  selling  our 
products as currently engineered, which could harm our competitive position. We also may be subject to significant damages or 
injunctions that prevent the further development and sale of certain of our products or services and may result in a material loss 
of revenue.

From  time  to  time,  there  have  been  claims  challenging  the  ownership  of  open  source  software  against  companies  that 
incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of 
what we believe to be open source software. Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source 
code for modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open source license or other license granting third 
parties  certain  rights  of  further  use.  If  we  combine  our  proprietary  software  products  with  open  source  software  in  a  certain 
manner, we could under certain of the open source licenses, be required to release our proprietary source code. Open source 
license terms may be ambiguous and many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated, and 
could  if  not  properly  addressed,  negatively  affect  our  business.  If  we  were  found  to  have  inappropriately  used  open  source 
software,  we  may  be  required  to  release  our  proprietary  source  code,  re-engineer  our  products  and  client  applications, 
discontinue the sale of our products or services in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take 
other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could materially adversely 
affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Competitive Risks

All  of  our  business  activities  are  subject  to  rapid  technological  change,  new  entrants,  the  introduction  of  other 
distribution models and long development and testing periods each of which may harm our competitive position, render 
our  product  or  service  offerings  obsolete  and  require  us  to  continuously  develop  technology  and/or  obtain  licensed 
technology in order to compete successfully.

We are engaged in business activities characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, frequent new 
product  announcements  and  enhancements,  and  changing  customer  demands.  The  introduction  of  products  and  services  or 
future industry standards embodying new technologies, such as multi-frequency time division multiple access ("MF-TDMA") 
based technologies could render any of our products and services obsolete or non-competitive. The successful execution of our 
business strategy is contingent upon wireless network operators launching and maintaining mobile location services, our ability 
to maintain a technically skilled development and engineering team, our ability to create new network software products and 
adapt  our  existing  products  to  rapidly  changing  technologies,  industry  standards  and  customer  needs.  As  a  result  of  the 
complexities  inherent  in  our  product  offerings,  new  technologies  may  require  long  development  and  testing  periods. 
Additionally, new products may not achieve market acceptance or our competitors could develop alternative technologies that 
gain broader market acceptance than our products. If we are unable to develop and introduce technologically advanced products 
that  respond  to  evolving  industry  standards  and  customer  needs,  or  if  we  are  unable  to  complete  the  development  and 
introduction  of  these  products  on  a  timely  and  cost  effective  basis,  it  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
results of operations and financial condition or could result in our technology becoming obsolete.

New entrants seeking to gain market share by introducing new technology and new products may make it more difficult for us 
to  sell  our  products  and  services  and  could  create  increased  pricing  pressure,  reduced  profit  margins,  increased  sales  and 
marketing expenses, or the loss of market share or expected market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, many companies are developing new technologies and 
the shift towards open standards such as IP-based satellite networks will likely result in increased competition and some of our 
products may become commoditized.

40

Our  Commercial  Solutions  segment  provides  various  technologies  that  are  utilized  on  mobile  phones.  Applications  from 
competitors for location-based or text-based messaging platforms may be preloaded on mobile devices by original equipment 
manufacturers, or OEMs, or offered by OEMs directly. Increased competition from providers of location-based services which 
do  not  rely  on  a  wireless  carrier  may  result  in  fewer  wireless  carrier  subscribers  electing  to  purchase  their  wireless  carrier’s 
branded  location-based  services,  which  could  harm  our  business  and  revenue.  In  addition,  these  location-based  or  text-based 
services may be offered for free or on a one-time fee basis, which could force us to reduce monthly subscription fees or migrate 
to a one-time fee model to remain competitive. We may also lose end users or face erosion in our average revenue per user if 
these competitors deliver their products without charge to the consumer by generating revenue from advertising or as part of 
other applications or services.

Our expected growth and our financial position depends on, among other things, our ability to keep pace with such changes and 
developments and to respond to the increasing variety of electronic equipment users and transmission technologies. We may not 
have the financial or technological resources to keep pace with such changes and developments or be successful in our research 
and development and we may not be able to identify and respond to technological improvements made by our competitors in a 
timely  or  cost-effective  fashion.  Any  delays  could  result  in  increased  costs  of  development  or  redirect  resources  from  other 
projects.  In  addition,  we  cannot  provide  assurances  that  the  markets  for  our  products,  systems,  services  or  technologies  will 
develop  as  we  currently  anticipate.  The  failure  of  our  products,  systems,  services  or  technologies  to  gain  market  acceptance 
could significantly reduce our net sales and harm our business.

Our business is highly competitive, we are reliant upon the success of our partners, and some of our competitors have 
significantly  greater  resources  than  we  do,  which  could  result  in  a  loss  of  customers,  market  share  and/or  market 
acceptance.

Our  business  is  highly  competitive.  We  will  continue  to  invest  in  research  and  development  for  the  introduction  of  new  and 
enhanced  products  and  services  designed  to  improve  capacity,  data  processing  rates  and  features.  We  must  also  continue  to 
develop  new  features  and  to  improve  functionality  of  our  software.  Research  and  development  in  our  industry  is  complex, 
expensive  and  uncertain.  We  believe  that  we  must  continue  to  dedicate  a  significant  amount  of  resources  to  research  and 
development  efforts  to  maintain  our  competitive  position.  If  we  continue  to  expend  a  significant  amount  of  resources  on 
research and development, but our efforts do not lead to the successful introduction of product and service enhancements that 
are  competitive  in  the  marketplace,  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  could  be  materially  adversely 
affected.

Several  of  our  potential  competitors  are  substantially  larger  than  we  are  and  have  greater  financial,  technical  and  marketing 
resources than we do. In particular, larger competitors have certain advantages over us which could cause us to lose customers 
and impede our ability to attract new customers, including: larger bases of financial, technical, marketing, personnel and other 
resources; more established relationships with wireless carriers and government customers; more funds to deploy products and 
services; and the ability to lower prices (or not charge any price) of competitive products and services because they are selling 
larger volumes. Furthermore, we cannot be sure that our competitors will not develop competing products, systems, services or 
technologies that gain market acceptance in advance of our products, systems, services or technologies, or that our competitors 
will  not  develop  new  products,  systems,  services  or  technologies  that  cause  our  existing  products,  systems,  services  or 
technologies to become non-competitive or obsolete, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our Commercial Solutions segment provides public safety and location technologies to various state and local municipalities 
and to a large extent, we are reliant on the success of our wireless partners and distributors to meet our growth objectives. In 
some cases, our wireless partners may have different objectives, or our distributors may not be successful. We also began an 
evaluation and repositioning of certain of our location technology solutions within our Commercial Solutions segment in order 
to focus on providing higher margin solution offerings and increase our penetration into the public safety space. To date, we 
have ceased offering certain location technology solutions, have worked with customers to wind-down certain legacy contracts 
and have not renewed certain contracts. Going forward, we intend to continue to work with our partners and expand our direct 
and indirect sales and distribution channels in this area. If we are not successful in doing so, we may not be able to achieve our 
long-term business goals.

41

We  rely  upon  various  third-party  companies  and  their  technology  to  provide  services  to  our  customers  and  if  we  are 
unable to obtain such services at reasonable prices, or at all, our gross margins and our ability to provide the services of 
our wireless applications business could be materially adversely affected.

Risks from our reliance with these third parties include:

•

•

The loss of mapping and third-party content - The wireless data services provided to our customers are dependent on 
real-time,  continuous  feeds  from  map  data,  points  of  interest  data,  traffic  information,  gas  prices,  theater,  event  and 
weather  information  from  vendors  and  others.  Any  disruption  of  this  third-party  content  from  our  satellite  feeds  or 
backup landline feeds or other disruption could result in delays in our subscribers’ ability to receive information. We 
obtain this data that we sell to our customers from companies owned by current and potential competitors, who may 
act  in  a  manner  that  is  not  in  our  best  interest.  If  our  suppliers  of  this  data  or  content  were  to  enter  into  exclusive 
relationships with other providers of location-based services or were to discontinue providing such information and we 
were unable to replace them cost effectively, or at all, our ability to provide the services of our wireless applications 
business would be materially adversely affected. Our gross margins may also be materially adversely affected if the 
cost of third-party data and content increases substantially.

Third-party  data  centers  or  third-party  networks  may  fail  -  Many  products  and  services  of  our  advanced 
communication  solutions,  in  particular  our  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions,  are  provided  through  a 
combination of our servers, which are hosted at third-party data centers, and on the networks, as well as within the data 
centers of our wireless carrier partners. The third-party facilities are in Irvine, California, San Francisco, California, 
Dallas,  Texas  and  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  and  we  may  use  others  as  required.  We  also  use  third-party  data  center 
facilities  in  the  Phoenix,  Arizona  area  to  provide  for  disaster  recovery.  Additionally,  certain  non-911  products, 
technologies, and solutions are currently hosted in cloud-based applications operated by third parties such as Amazon 
Web  Services  and  Microsoft.  As  such,  our  business  relies  to  a  significant  degree  on  the  efficient  and  uninterrupted 
operation  of  the  third-party  data  centers,  customer  data  centers,  and  cloud  providers  we  use.  Network  failures, 
disruptions or capacity constraints in our third-party data center facilities or in our servers maintained at their location 
could affect the performance of the products and services of our wireless applications and 911 business and harm our 
reputation and our revenue. The ability of our subscribers to receive critical location and business information requires 
timely  and  uninterrupted  connections  with  our  wireless  network  carriers.  Any  disruption  from  our  satellite  feeds  or 
backup landline feeds could also result in delays in our subscribers’ ability to receive information.

• We must integrate our technologies and routinely upgrade them - We may not be able to upgrade our location services 
platform  to  support  certain  advanced  features  and  functionality  without  obtaining  technology  licenses  from  third 
parties. Obtaining these licenses may be costly and may delay the introduction of such features and functionality, and 
these licenses may not be available on commercially favorable terms, or at all. Problems and delays in development or 
delivery  as  a  result  of  issues  with  respect  to  design,  technology,  licensing  and  patent  rights,  labor,  learning  curve 
assumptions,  or  materials  and  components  could  prevent  us  from  achieving  contractual  obligations.  In  addition,  our 
products cannot be tested and proven in all situations and are otherwise subject to unforeseen problems. The inability 
to offer advanced features or functionality, or a delay in our ability to upgrade our location-based services platform, 
may  materially  adversely  affect  demand  for  our  products  and  services  and,  consequently,  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

• We rely upon "open-source" software - We have incorporated some types of open-source software into our products, 
allowing us to enhance certain solutions without incurring substantial additional research and development costs. Thus 
far, we have encountered no unanticipated material problems arising from our use of open-source software. However, 
as  the  use  of  open-source  software  becomes  more  widespread,  certain  open-source  technology  could  become 
competitive with our proprietary technology, which could cause sales of our products to decline or force us to reduce 
the fees we charge for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition.

42

Because our software may contain defects or errors, and our hardware products may incorporate defective components, 
our sales could decrease if these defects or errors adversely affect our reputation or delay shipments of our products. 

Products as complex as ours are likely to contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new 
versions  are  released.  Software  products,  such  as  our  911  call  handling  software  solutions,  must  meet  stringent  customer 
technical requirements and we must satisfy our warranty obligations to our customers. Our hardware products are also subject 
to warranty obligations and integrate a wide variety of components from different vendors.

Our products including software may not be error or defect free after delivery to customers, which could damage our reputation, 
cause revenue losses, result in the rejection of our products or services, divert development resources and increase service and 
warranty  costs,  each  of  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Our stock price is volatile.

The stock market in general and the stock prices of technology-based companies, in particular, experience extreme volatility 
that often is unrelated to the operating performance of any specific public company. The market price of our common stock has 
fluctuated  significantly  in  the  past  and  is  likely  to  fluctuate  significantly  in  the  future  as  well.  Factors  that  could  have  a 
significant impact on the market price of our stock include, among others:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

strategic transactions, such as acquisitions and divestures;
our ability to successfully integrate and manage recent acquisitions;
issuance of potentially dilutive equity or equity-type securities;
issuance of debt;
future announcements concerning us or our competitors;
receipt or non-receipt of substantial orders for products and services;
quality deficiencies in services or products;
results of technological innovations;
new commercial products;
changes in recommendations of securities analysts;
government regulations;
changes in the status or outcome of government audits;
proprietary rights or product or patent litigation;
changes in U.S. government policies;
changes in economic conditions generally, particularly in the telecommunications sector;
changes in securities market conditions, generally;
changes in the status of litigation and legal matters (including changes in the status of export matters);
cyber attacks;
energy blackouts;
acts of terrorism or war;
inflation or deflation; and
rumors or allegations regarding our financial disclosures or practices.

Shortfalls in our sales or earnings in any given period relative to the levels expected by securities analysts could immediately, 
significantly and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Future issuances of our shares of common stock could dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and reduce 
the market price of our shares of common stock.

In  addition  to  potential  issuances  of  our  shares  of  common  stock  associated  with  acquisitions,  in  the  future,  we  may  issue 
additional securities to raise capital. We may also acquire interests in other companies by using a combination of cash and our 
common stock or just our common stock. We may also issue securities convertible into our common stock. Any of these events 
may dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

43

Provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of Comtech.

We have taken a number of actions that could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger, acquisition or 
divestiture involving Comtech that our stockholders may consider favorable.

For example, we currently have a classified board and the employment contract with our CEO, and agreements with other of 
our  executive  officers,  provide  for  substantial  payments  in  certain  circumstances  or  in  the  event  of  a  change  of  control  of 
Comtech.  In  the  future,  we  may  adopt  a  stockholder  rights  plan  which  could  cause  substantial  dilution  to  a  stockholder,  and 
substantially  increase  the  cost  paid  by  a  stockholder  who  attempts  to  acquire  us  on  terms  not  approved  by  our  Board  of 
Directors.

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. In 
general,  this  statute  provides  that,  except  in  certain  limited  circumstances,  a  corporation  shall  not  engage  in  any  "business 
combination" with an "interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person 
became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

A "business combination" includes mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested 
stockholder.  Subject  to  certain  exceptions,  for  purposes  of  Section  203  of  the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law,  an 
"interested  stockholder"  is  a  person  who,  together  with  affiliates,  owns,  or  within  three  years  did  own,  15%  or  more  of  the 
corporation's voting stock. This provision could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Comtech.

A disruption in our Common Stock dividend program could negatively impact our stock price.

We have paid quarterly common stock dividends every quarter since September 2010. 

Our  ability  to  continue  to  pay  quarterly  dividends  with  respect  to  our  Common  Stock  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  generate 
sufficient cash flows from operations in the future and maintain compliance with our Credit Facility. This ability may be subject 
to  certain  economic,  financial,  competitive  and  other  factors  that  are  beyond  our  control.  Future  Common  Stock  dividends 
remain  subject  to  compliance  with  financial  covenants  under  our  Credit  Facility,  as  well  as  Board  approval.  Our  Board  of 
Directors may, at its discretion, decrease the targeted annual dividend amount or entirely discontinue the payment of dividends 
at any time.

Additionally, our ability to declare and pay common stock dividends and make other distributions with respect to our capital 
stock may also be restricted by the terms of our Credit Facility, and may be restricted by the terms of financing arrangements 
that we enter into in the future.

None.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

44

Historically, we have not owned any material properties or facilities and have relied upon a strategy of leasing. The following 
table lists our primary leased facilities at July 31, 2021:

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Location

Commercial Solutions Segment
Tempe, Arizona
Chandler, Arizona
Seattle, Washington

Santa Clara, California
Stoughton, Massachusetts
Various facilities
Lake Forest, California
Gatineau, Canada

Moscow, Idaho
Annapolis, Maryland
Germantown, Maryland

Government Solutions Segment
Orlando, Florida
Hampshire, UK
Melville, New York
Cypress, California
Germantown, Maryland
Plano, Texas
Various facilities
Annapolis, Maryland

Corporate
Annapolis, Maryland
Melville, New York

Total Square Footage

A
A
B

C
D
E
F
G

H
F
I

J
K
L
F
I
F
M
F

F
N

Property Type

  Square Footage   Lease Expiration

Manufacturing and Engineering
Manufacturing and Engineering
Network Operations, R&D, 
Engineering and Sales
Manufacturing and Engineering
Network Operations
Engineering and General Office
R&D and Engineering
Network Operations, R&D, 
Engineering, Sales and General 
Office
Support, Engineering and Sales
Support, Engineering and Sales
Engineering and General Office

Manufacturing and Engineering
Manufacturing and Engineering
Manufacturing and Engineering
Support, Engineering and Sales
Engineering and General Office
R&D and Engineering
Support, Engineering and Sales
Support, Engineering and Sales

152,000 
146,000 
57,000 

47,000 
26,000 
23,000 
18,000   
15,000 

13,000 
11,000   
6,000 
514,000 

99,000 
97,000 
45,000 
28,000   
26,000 
12,000   
14,000 
6,000   

327,000 

March 2022
July 2036
December 2022

April 2026
March 2025
Various
July 2023
April 2023

February 2025
July 2026
March 2022

April 2026
November 2030
December 2031
July 2025
March 2022
August 2025
Various
July 2026

General Office and Common Areas    
Corporate Headquarters and 
General Office

2,000   
9,600 

July 2026
August 2027

11,600 
852,600     

A.

Although  primarily  used  for  our  satellite  earth  station  product  lines,  which  are  part  of  the  Commercial  Solutions 
segment,  both  of  our  business  segments  utilize,  from  time  to  time,  our  high-volume  technology  manufacturing 
facilities  located  in  Tempe,  Arizona.  These  manufacturing  facilities  utilize  state-of-the-art  design  and  production 
techniques, including analog, digital and RF microwave production, hardware assembly and full service engineering. 
Our leases for these facilities currently expire in March 2022.

To support our long-term business goals, in fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year lease for a new 146,000 square foot 
facility  in  Chandler,  Arizona  and  began  shifting  production  of  our  satellite  earth  station  products  from  our  existing 
Tempe, Arizona locations. 

B.

Our office in Seattle, Washington is used primarily for servicing and hosting our VoIP and VoWiFi E911 and NG-911 
services, and related emerging technologies.

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

Our Commercial Solutions segment manufactures certain amplifiers in a leased manufacturing facility located in Santa 
Clara, California. Our Commercial Solutions segment also operates a small office in the United Kingdom with a lease 
that expires in October 2021.

Our Commercial Solutions segment maintains office space in Stoughton, Massachusetts used primarily for servicing 
certain of our state and local municipality NG-911 customers.

Our Commercial Solutions segment leases an additional nine facilities, one of which is located in the U.S. The 4,000 
square foot U.S. facility is primarily utilized for general office use. Our Commercial Solutions segment also operates 
eight  small  offices  in  Brazil,  Canada,  China,  India,  Singapore,  Australia  and  the  United  Kingdom,  all  of  which 
aggregate 19,000 square feet and are primarily utilized for customer support, engineering and sales.

We  have  leases  for  facilities  in  Annapolis,  Maryland  and  Lake  Forest,  California  used  primarily  for  the  design  and 
development  of  our  software-based  systems  and  applications  and  network  operations.  Major  manufacturing  and 
engineering facilities for our Government Solutions segment include Orlando, Florida, Cypress, California and Plano, 
Texas.

Our Commercial Solutions segment maintains office space in Gatineau, Canada that is utilized for network operations, 
R&D, engineering and sales of our public safety and location technology solutions.

Our  office  in  Moscow,  Idaho  is  primarily  used  for  research  and  development,  engineering  and  sales  of  our  satellite 
earth station products.

Our Government Solutions segment leases a 32,000 square foot facility located in Germantown, Maryland, which is 
primarily  used  to  support  the  U.S.  Army's  BFT-1  sustainment  activities  and  certain  cyber  training  activities.  Our 
Government  Solutions  segment  occupies  26,000  square  feet  of  the  facility  with  the  remainder  utilized  by  our 
Commercial Solutions segment.

Our  Government  Solutions  segment  engineers  and  manufactures  our  over-the-horizon  microwave  systems  and 
mission-critical satellite equipment in a leased facility in Orlando, Florida. 

Our  Government  Solutions  segment  currently  leases  four  manufacturing  facilities  in  Hampshire,  United  Kingdom, 
three of which were assumed in connection with our acquisition of CGC in fiscal 2020. In fiscal 2021, we commenced 
a 10-year lease for a 56,000 square foot facility in the United Kingdom to expand our Government Solutions segment's 
manufacturing  capabilities  for  our  high  precision  full  motion  fixed  and  mobile  X/Y  satellite  tracking  antennas,  RF 
feeds, reflectors and radomes.

Our Government Solutions segment manufactures certain of our solid-state, high-power amplifiers in a 45,000 square 
foot engineering and manufacturing facility on more than two acres of land in Melville, New York and an 8,000 square 
foot facility in Topsfield, Massachusetts. We lease the New York facility from a partnership controlled by our CEO 
and  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Our  Massachusetts  lease  is  currently  on  a  month-to-month  basis  and  is 
therefore excluded from the table above.

M.

Our Government Solutions segment also leases additional four facilities located in the U.S. that are primarily used for 
engineering, sales and software development.

N.

Our corporate headquarters are located in an office building complex in Melville, New York.

The terms for all of our leased facilities are generally for multi-year periods and we believe that we will be able to renew these 
leases or find comparable facilities elsewhere.

46

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference to the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
–  Note  (12)(a)  -  Commitments  and  Contingencies  –  Legal  Proceedings  and  Other  Matters"  included  in  "Part  II  -  Item  8.- 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND 
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Return

The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the 
S&P’s 500 Index and the NASDAQ Telecommunications Index for each of the last five fiscal years ended July 31, assuming an 
investment  of  $100  at  the  beginning  of  such  period  and  the  reinvestment  of  any  dividends.  The  comparisons  in  the  graphs 
below  are  based  upon  historical  data  and  are  not  indicative  of,  nor  intended  to  forecast,  future  performance  of  our  common 
stock.

Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC ("NASDAQ") under the symbol "CMTL."

47

Dividends

Since  September  2010,  we  have  paid  quarterly  dividends.  On  September  29,  2020,  December  9,  2020,  March  11,  2021  and 
June 8, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.10 per common share, which were paid on October 27, 2020, 
February 19, 2021, May 21, 2021 and August 20, 2021, respectively. 

On October 4, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 12, 2021 to 
stockholders of record at the close of business on October 13, 2021. 

The Board of Directors is currently targeting fiscal 2022 quarterly dividend payments of $0.10 per common share. 

Future Common Stock dividends remain subject to compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as 
Board approval.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We  did  not  repurchase  any  of  our  equity  securities  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2021.  On  September  29,  2020,  our 
Board  of  Directors  authorized  a  new  $100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program,  which  replaced  our  prior  program.  The  new 
$100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program  has  no  time  restrictions  and  repurchases  may  be  made  from  time  to  time  in  open-
market or privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. We had approximately 
26.2 million of Common Stock outstanding as of July 31, 2021.

Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders

As of September 30, 2021, there were approximately 801 holders of our common stock. Such number of record owners was 
determined from our stockholder records and does not include beneficial owners whose shares of our common stock are held in 
the name of various security holders, dealers and clearing agencies.

ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table shows selected historical consolidated financial data for our Company.

Detailed historical financial information is included in the audited consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 
2019.

48

 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

Net sales

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Expenses:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

$  581,695 

367,737 

213,958 

616,715 

389,882 

226,833 

671,797 

424,357 

247,440 

570,589 

346,648 

223,941 

550,368 

332,183 

218,185 

Selling, general and administrative

111,796 

117,130 

128,639 

113,922 

116,080 

Research and development

Amortization of intangibles

Settlement of intellectual property litigation

Acquisition plan expenses

49,148 

21,020 

— 

100,292 

282,256 

52,180 

21,595 

56,407 

18,320 

— 

(3,204)   

20,754 

211,659 

5,871 

53,869 

21,075 

— 

— 

54,260 

22,823 

(12,020) 

— 

206,033 

188,866 

181,143 

Operating (loss) income

(68,298)   

15,174 

41,407 

35,075 

37,042 

Other expenses (income):

Interest expense

Write-off of deferred financing costs

Interest (income) and other

6,821 

— 

6,054 

— 

(139)   

(190)   

9,245 

3,217 

35 

10,195 

11,629 

— 

254 

— 

(68) 

(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for 

income taxes

(74,980)   

9,310 

28,910 

24,626 

25,481 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

(1,500)   

2,290 

3,869 

(5,143)   

9,654 

Net (loss) income

$ 

(73,480)   

7,020 

25,041 

29,769 

15,827 

Net (loss) income per share:

Basic

Diluted

$ 

$ 

(2.86)   

(2.86)   

0.28 

0.28 

1.04 

1.03 

1.25 

1.24 

0.68 

0.67 

Weighted average number of common shares 

outstanding – basic

25,685 

24,798 

24,124 

23,825 

23,433 

Weighted average number of common and common 

equivalent shares outstanding – diluted

25,685 

24,899 

24,302 

24,040 

23,489 

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
(In thousands)

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

Other Consolidated Operating Data:
Backlog at period-end
New orders
Research  and  development  expenditures  -  internal 

and customer funded

Adjusted EBITDA

$  658,896 
623,076 

620,912 
584,448 

682,954 
724,056 

630,695 
755,054 

446,230 
512,593 

62,783 
76,519 

64,103 
77,803 

71,086 
93,472 

70,793 
78,374 

81,310 
70,705 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets
Working capital
Debt, including finance leases and other obligations

Other liabilities
Stockholders’ equity

Non-GAAP Financial Data

As of July 31,
(In thousands)

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

$  993,111 
83,935 
201,000 

14,507 
500,719 

929,647 
117,385 
149,500 

17,831 
549,299 

887,711 
134,967 
165,757 

18,822 
535,082 

845,157 
114,477 
167,899 

4,117 
505,684 

832,063 
96,833 
195,802 

2,655 
480,150 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains a Non-GAAP financial metric for the Company titled Adjusted EBITDA, which 
represents  earnings  (loss)  before  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and  other  expense,  write-off  of  deferred  financing  costs, 
interest  expense,  amortization  of  stock-based  compensation,  amortization  of  intangibles,  depreciation  expense,  estimated 
contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition plan expenses, restructuring costs, COVID-19 
related  costs,  strategic  emerging  technology  costs  (for  next-generation  satellite  technology),  facility  exit  costs,  strategic 
alternatives analysis expenses and other. In future periods, we expect to incur expenses similar to the aforementioned items and 
investors should not infer from our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA that these costs are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring. 
These  items,  while  periodically  affecting  our  results,  may  vary  significantly  from  period  to  period  and  may  have  a 
disproportionate effect in a given period, thereby affecting the comparability of results. 

Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure used by management in assessing Comtech’s operating results. Although 
closely aligned, Comtech's definition of Adjusted EBITDA is different than the Consolidated EBITDA (as such term is defined 
in  our  Credit  Facility)  utilized  for  financial  covenant  calculations  and  also  may  differ  from  the  definition  of  EBITDA  or 
Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other 
companies. Our Adjusted EBITDA is also a measure frequently requested by Comtech’s investors and analysts. We believe that 
investors and analysts may use Adjusted EBITDA, along with other information contained in our SEC filings, in assessing our 
performance and comparability of our results with other companies. 

Non-GAAP  financial  measures  have  limitations  as  an  analytical  tool  as  they  exclude  the  financial  impact  of  transactions 
necessary to conduct our business, such as the granting of equity compensation awards, and are not intended to be an alternative 
to financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, 
and  not  as  a  substitute  for  or  superior  to,  financial  measures  determined  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  Investors  are  advised  to 
carefully review the GAAP financial results that are disclosed in our SEC filings. 

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net (loss) income

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

Interest (income) and other

Write-off of deferred financing costs

Interest expense

Amortization of stock-based compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation

Estimated contract settlement costs

Settlement of intellectual property litigation

Acquisition plan expenses

Facility exit costs

Restructuring costs

Strategic emerging technology costs

COVID-19 related costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
(In thousands)

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

$ 

(73,480)   

(1,500)   

(139)   

7,020 

2,290 

(190)   

— 

6,821 

9,983 

21,020 

9,379 

— 

— 

— 

6,054 

9,275 

21,595 

10,561 

444 

— 

100,292 

20,754 

— 

2,782 

315 

1,046 

— 

— 

— 

— 

25,041 

3,869 

35 

3,217 

9,245 

11,427 

18,320 

11,927 

6,351 

(3,204)   

5,871 

1,373 

— 

— 

— 

29,769 

(5,143)   

15,827 

9,654 

254 

— 

10,195 

8,569 

21,075 

13,655 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(68) 

— 

11,629 

8,506 

22,823 

14,354 

— 

(12,020) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

76,519 

77,803 

93,472 

78,374 

70,705 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

We are a leading global provider of next-generation 911 emergency systems and secure wireless communications technologies 
to  commercial  and  government  customers  around  the  world.  Our  solutions  fulfill  our  customers'  needs  for  secure  wireless 
communications  in  some  of  the  most  demanding  environments,  including  those  where  traditional  communications  are 
unavailable or cost-prohibitive, and in mission-critical and other scenarios where performance is crucial.

We manage our business through two reportable operating segments:

•

•

Commercial Solutions - offers satellite ground station technologies (such as Single Channel per Carrier ("SCPC") and 
time division multiple access ("TDMA") modems and amplifiers) and public safety and location technologies (such as 
911  call  routing,  911  call  handling  and  mapping  solutions)  to  commercial  customers  and  smaller  government 
customers,  such  as  state  and  local  governments.  This  segment  also  serves  certain  large  government  customers 
(including the U.S. government) that have requirements for off-the-shelf commercial equipment.

Government  Solutions  -  provides 
tactical  satellite-based  networks  and  ongoing  support  for  complicated 
communications networks, troposcatter systems and solid-state, high-power amplifiers to large government end-users 
(including those of foreign countries), large international customers and domestic prime contractors.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our Quarterly Financial Information
Quarterly  and  period-to-period  sales  and  operating  results  may  be  significantly  affected  by  either  short-term  or  long-term 
contracts  with  our  customers.  In  addition,  our  gross  profit  is  affected  by  a  variety  of  factors,  including  the  mix  of  products, 
systems  and  services  sold,  production  efficiencies,  estimates  of  warranty  expense,  price  competition  and  general  economic 
conditions. Our gross profit may also be affected by the impact of any cumulative adjustments to contracts that are accounted 
for over time.

Our  contracts  with  the  U.S.  government  can  be  terminated  for  convenience  by  it  at  any  time  and  orders  are  subject  to 
unpredictable  funding,  deployment  and  technology  decisions  by  the  U.S.  government.  Some  of  these  contracts  are  indefinite 
delivery/indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts and, as such, the U.S. government is not obligated to purchase any equipment or 
services under these contracts. We have, in the past, experienced and we continue to expect significant fluctuations in sales and 
operating results from quarter-to-quarter and period-to-period. As such, comparisons between periods and our current results 
may not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

We consider certain accounting policies to be critical due to the estimation process involved in each.

Revenue Recognition. In accordance with FASB ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), we record 
revenue  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  to  which  we  expect  to  be  entitled  in  exchange  for  goods  or  services 
promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify 
our  performance  obligations  in  our  contract;  (3)  determine  the  transaction  price  for  our  contract;  (4)  allocate  the  transaction 
price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue using one of the following two methods:

•

Over time - We recognize revenue using the over time method when there is a continuous transfer of control to the 
customer over the contractual period of performance. This generally occurs when we enter into a long-term contract 
relating  to  the  design,  development  or  manufacture  of  complex  equipment  or  technology  platforms  to  a  buyer’s 
specification  (or  to  provide  services  related  to  the  performance  of  such  contracts).  Continuous  transfer  of  control  is 
typically supported by contract clauses which allow our customers to unilaterally terminate a contract for convenience, 
pay for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of work-in-process. Revenue recognized over time is 
generally based on the extent of progress toward completion of the related performance obligations. The selection of 
the method to measure progress requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. In 
certain instances, typically for firm fixed-price contracts, we use the cost-to-cost measure because it best depicts the 
transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure, the 
extent  of  progress  toward  completion  is  measured  based  on  the  ratio  of  costs  incurred  to  date  to  the  total  estimated 
costs  at  completion,  including  warranty  costs.  Revenues,  including  estimated  fees  or  profits,  are  recorded 
proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill generally include direct labor, materials, subcontractor costs, other 
direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. When these contracts are modified, the additional goods or services are 
generally not distinct from those already provided. As a result, these modifications form part of an existing contract 
and  we  must  update  the  transaction  price  and  our  measure  of  progress  for  the  single  performance  obligation  and 
recognize a cumulative catch-up to revenue and gross profits.

For over time contracts using a cost-to-cost measure of progress, we have an estimate at completion ("EAC") process 
in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. This EAC process requires 
management judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenue and costs, and making assumptions for 
schedule  and  technical  issues.  Since  certain  contracts  extend  over  a  long  period  of  time,  the  impact  of  revisions  in 
revenue and or cost estimates during the progress of work may impact current period earnings through a cumulative 
adjustment. Additionally, if the EAC process indicates a loss, a provision is made for the total anticipated loss in the 
period that it becomes evident. Contract revenue and cost estimates for significant contracts are generally reviewed and 
reassessed at least quarterly.

The cost-to-cost method is principally used to account for contracts in our Government Solutions segment and, to a 
lesser  extent,  certain  location-based  and  messaging  infrastructure  contracts  in  our  public  safety  and  location 
technologies product line within our Commercial Solutions segment. For service-based contracts in our public safety 
and location technologies product line, we also recognize revenue over time. These services are typically recognized as 
a series of services performed over the contract term using the straight-line method, or based on our customers’ actual 
usage of the networks and platforms which we provide.

52

•

Point in time - When a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, we must record revenue using the point in 
time accounting method which generally results in revenue being recognized upon shipment or delivery of a promised 
good or service to a customer. This generally occurs when we enter into short term contracts or purchase orders where 
items  are  provided  to  customers  with  relatively  quick  turn-around  times.  Modifications  to  such  contracts  and  or 
purchase  orders,  which  typically  provide  for  additional  quantities  or  services,  are  accounted  for  as  a  new  contract 
because the pricing for these additional quantities or services are based on standalone selling prices.

Point  in  time  accounting  is  principally  applied  to  contracts  in  our  satellite  ground  station  technologies  product  line 
(which includes satellite modems, solid-state and traveling wave tube amplifiers) and certain contracts for our solid-
state, high-power RF amplifiers in our Government Solutions segment. The contracts related to these product lines do 
not meet the requirements for over time revenue recognition because our customers cannot utilize the equipment for its 
intended  purpose  during  any  phase  of  our  manufacturing  process;  customers  do  not  simultaneously  receive  and  or 
consume  the  benefits  provided  by  our  performance;  customers  do  not  control  the  asset  (i.e.,  prior  to  delivery, 
customers cannot direct the use of the asset, sell or exchange the equipment, etc.); and, although many of our contracts 
have termination for convenience clauses and or an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, 
our performance creates an asset with an alternative use through the point of delivery.

In  determining  that  our  equipment  has  alternative  use,  we  considered  the  underlying  manufacturing  process  for  our 
products. In the early phases of manufacturing, raw materials and work in process (including subassemblies) consist of 
common  parts  that  are  highly  fungible  among  many  different  types  of  products  and  customer  applications.  Finished 
products  are  either  configured  to  our  standard  configuration  or  based  on  our  customers’  specifications.  Finished 
products,  whether  built  to  our  standard  specification  or  to  a  customers’  specification,  can  be  sold  to  a  variety  of 
customers  and  across  many  different  end  use  applications  with  minimal  rework,  if  needed,  and  without  incurring  a 
significant economic loss.

When  identifying  a  contract  with  our  customer,  we  consider  when  it  has  approval  and  commitment  from  both  parties,  if  the 
rights  of  the  parties  are  identified,  if  the  payment  terms  are  identified,  if  it  has  commercial  substance  and  if  collectability  is 
probable.

When identifying performance obligations, we consider whether there are multiple promises and how to account for them. In 
our  contracts,  multiple  promises  are  separated  if  they  are  distinct,  both  individually  and  in  the  context  of  the  contract.  If 
multiple promises in a contract are highly interrelated or comprise a series of distinct services performed over time, they are 
combined into a single performance obligation. In some cases, we may also provide the customer with an additional service-
type warranty, which we recognize as a separate performance obligation. Service-type warranties do not represent a significant 
portion of our consolidated net sales. When service-type warranties represent a separate performance obligation, the revenue is 
deferred and recognized ratably over the extended warranty period. Our contracts, from time-to-time, may also include options 
for additional goods and services. To date, these options have not represented material rights to the customer as the pricing for 
them reflects standalone selling prices. As a result, we do not consider options we offer to be performance obligations for which 
we must allocate a portion of the transaction price. In many cases, we provide assurance-type warranty coverage for some of 
our products for a period of at least one year from the date of delivery.

When identifying the transaction price, we typically utilize the contract's stated price as a starting point. The transaction price in 
certain  arrangements  may  include  estimated  amounts  of  variable  consideration,  including  award  fees,  incentive  fees  or  other 
provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. We estimate variable consideration as the amount to which 
we expect to be entitled, and we include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant 
reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the estimation uncertainty is resolved. The estimation of this 
variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on 
an  assessment  of  our  anticipated  performance  and  all  information  (e.g.,  historical,  current  and  forecasted)  that  is  reasonably 
available to us.

When allocating the contract’s transaction price, we consider each distinct performance obligation. For contracts with multiple 
performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of 
the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. We determine standalone selling price based on the 
price  at  which  the  performance  obligation  is  sold  separately.  If  the  standalone  selling  price  is  not  observable  through  past 
transactions,  we  estimate  the  standalone  selling  price  taking  into  account  available  information  such  as  market  conditions, 
including  geographic  or  regional  specific  factors,  competitive  positioning,  internal  costs,  profit  objectives  and  internally 
approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. 

53

Most  of  our  contracts  with  customers  are  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  and  typically  are  either  firm  fixed-price  or  cost 
reimbursable  type  contracts  (including  fixed-fee,  incentive-fee  and  time-and-material  type  contracts).  In  almost  all  of  our 
contracts with customers, we are the principal in the arrangement and report revenue on a gross basis. Transaction prices for 
contracts with U.S. domestic and international customers are usually based on specific negotiations with each customer and in 
the case of the U.S. government, sometimes based on estimated or actual costs of providing the goods or services in accordance 
with applicable regulations.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and collections results in receivables, unbilled receivables and contract liabilities on 
our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for over time, amounts are billed as 
work  progresses  in  accordance  with  agreed-upon  contractual  terms,  either  at  periodic  intervals  (e.g.,  monthly)  or  upon 
achievement of contractual milestones. For certain contracts with provisions that are intended to protect customers in the event 
we  do  not  satisfy  our  performance  obligations,  billings  occur  subsequent  to  revenue  recognition,  resulting  in  unbilled 
receivables. Under ASC 606, unbilled receivables constitute contract assets. On large long term contracts, and for contracts with 
international  customers  that  do  not  do  business  with  us  regularly,  payment  terms  typically  require  advanced  payments  and 
deposits.  Under  ASC  606,  payments  received  from  customers  in  excess  of  revenue  recognized  to  date  results  in  a  contract 
liability. These contract liabilities are not considered to represent a significant financing component of the contract because we 
believe these cash advances and deposits are generally used to meet working capital demands which can be higher in the earlier 
stages of a contract. Also, advanced payments and deposits provide us with some measure of assurance that the customer will 
perform on its obligations under the contract. Under the typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for at a point in time, 
costs are accumulated in inventory until the time of billing, which generally coincides with revenue recognition.

We recognize the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the 
asset is one year or less. Incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with an amortization period greater than one year were 
not material.

As  commissions  payable  to  our  internal  sales  and  marketing  employees  or  contractors  are  contingent  upon  multiple  factors, 
such commissions are not considered direct costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and are expensed as incurred in 
selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As for commissions payable to our 
third-party  sales  representatives  related  to  long-term  contracts,  we  do  consider  these  types  of  commissions  both  direct  and 
incremental costs to obtain and fulfill such contracts. Therefore, such types of commissions are included in total estimated costs 
at completion for such contracts and expensed over time through cost of sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed as of 
the  end  of  a  fiscal  period.  Remaining  performance  obligations,  which  we  refer  to  as  backlog,  exclude  unexercised  contract 
options and potential orders under indefinite delivery / indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts.

Impairment  of  Goodwill  and  Other  Intangible  Assets.  As  of  July  31,  2021,  total  goodwill  recorded  on  our  Consolidated 
Balance  Sheet  aggregated  $347.7  million  (of  which  $270.4  million  relates  to  our  Commercial  Solutions  segment  and  $77.3 
million  relates  to  our  Government  Solutions  segment).  Additionally,  as  of  July  31,  2021,  net  intangibles  recorded  on  our 
Consolidated Balance Sheet aggregated $268.7 million (of which $222.6 million relates to our  Commercial Solutions segment 
and $46.1 million relates to our  Government Solutions segment). Each of our two operating segments constitutes a reporting 
unit and we must make various assumptions in determining their estimated fair values. 

In accordance with FASB ASC 350, we perform a goodwill impairment analysis at least annually (in the first quarter of each 
fiscal  year),  unless  indicators  of  impairment  exist  in  interim  periods.  If  we  fail  the  quantitative  assessment  of  goodwill 
impairment  ("quantitative  assessment"),  we  would  be  required  to  recognize  an  impairment  loss  equal  to  the  amount  that  a 
reporting  unit's  carrying  value  exceeded  its  fair  value;  however,  any  loss  recognized  should  not  exceed  the  total  amount  of 
goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. 

On August 1, 2021 (the first day of our fiscal 2022), we performed our annual quantitative assessment using market participant 
assumptions to determine if the fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill exceeded its carrying value. In making 
this assessment, we considered, among other things, expectations of projected net sales and cash flows, assumptions impacting 
the  weighted  average  cost  of  capital,  trends  in  trading  multiples  of  comparable  companies,  changes  in  our  stock  price  and 
changes in the carrying values of our reporting units with goodwill. We also considered overall business conditions.

54

In performing the quantitative assessment, we estimated the fair value of each of our reporting units using a combination of the 
income and market approaches. The income approach, also known as the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method, utilizes the 
present value of cash flows to estimate fair value. The future cash flows for our reporting units were projected based on our 
estimates,  at  that  time,  of  future  revenues,  operating  income  and  other  factors  (such  as  working  capital  and  capital 
expenditures). For purposes of conducting our impairment analysis, we assumed revenue growth rates and cash flow projections 
that are below our actual long-term expectations. The discount rates used in our DCF method were based on a weighted-average 
cost  of  capital  ("WACC")  determined  from  relevant  market  comparisons,  adjusted  upward  for  specific  reporting  unit  risks 
(primarily the uncertainty of achieving projected operating cash flows). A terminal value growth rate was applied to the final 
year of the projected period, which reflects our estimate of stable, perpetual growth. We then calculated a present value of the 
respective cash flows for each reporting unit to arrive at an estimate of fair value under the income approach. Under the market 
approach, we estimated a fair value based on comparable companies' market multiples of revenues and earnings before interest, 
taxes, depreciation and amortization and factored in a control premium. Finally, we compared our estimates of fair values to our 
August 1, 2021 total public market capitalization and assessed implied control premiums based on our common stock price of 
$24.97 as of August 1, 2021. 

Based on our quantitative evaluation, we determined that our Commercial Solutions and Government Solutions reporting units 
had estimated fair values in excess of their carrying values of at least 22.7% and 94.1%, respectively, and concluded that our 
goodwill was not impaired and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of failing the quantitative assessment. 

It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2022  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could  deteriorate 
from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo purchases of our 
products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price  could  fluctuate.  Such 
fluctuation could be caused by uncertainty about the severity and length of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on global 
activity. 

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may also have a 
negative effect on future orders, sales, income and cash flows and we might be required to perform a quantitative assessment 
during fiscal 2022 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved in future periods or our common 
stock  price  significantly  declines  from  current  levels,  our  Commercial  Solutions  and  Government  Solutions  reporting  units 
could be at risk of failing the quantitative assessment and goodwill and intangibles assigned to the respective reporting units 
could be impaired.

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2022 (the start of our fiscal 
2023). If our assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if we change our reporting unit structure or other events 
and circumstances change (e.g., a sustained decrease in the price of our common stock (considered on both absolute terms and 
relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we perform these tests, or in other future periods. In 
addition  to  our  impairment  analysis  of  goodwill,  we  also  review  net  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  when  an  event  occurs 
indicating the potential for impairment. We believe that the carrying values of our net intangible assets were recoverable as of 
July  31,  2021.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be  material  to  our  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition.

Provision for Warranty Obligations. We provide warranty coverage for most of our products, including products under long-
term contracts, for a period of at least one year from the date of shipment. We record a liability for estimated warranty expense 
based  on  historical  claims,  product  failure  rates  and  other  factors.  Costs  associated  with  some  of  our  warranties  that  are 
provided  under  long-term  contracts  are  incorporated  into  our  estimates  of  total  contract  costs.  There  exist  inherent  risks  and 
uncertainties in estimating warranty expenses, particularly on larger or longer-term contracts. If we do not accurately estimate 
our warranty costs, any changes to our original estimates could be material to our results of operations and financial condition. 

Accounting for Income Taxes. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between 
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and applying enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in 
which we expect the differences to reverse. Our provision for income taxes is based on domestic (including federal and state) 
and international statutory income tax rates in the tax jurisdictions where we operate, permanent differences between financial 
reporting  and  tax  reporting  and  available  credits  and  incentives.  We  recognize  potential  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The U.S. federal government is our most significant income tax jurisdiction.

55

Significant judgment is required in determining income tax provisions and tax positions. We may be challenged upon review by 
the applicable taxing authority and positions taken by us may not be sustained. We recognize all or a portion of the benefit of 
income  tax  positions  only  when  we  have  made  a  determination  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  tax  position  will  be 
sustained  upon  examination,  based  upon  the  technical  merits  of  the  position  and  other  factors.  For  tax  positions  that  are 
determined as more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of benefit 
that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The development of valuation allowances for deferred 
tax assets and reserves for income tax positions requires consideration of timing and judgments about future taxable income, tax 
issues  and  potential  outcomes,  and  are  subjective  critical  estimates.  A  portion  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  consist  of  federal 
research and experimentation tax credit carryforwards, some of which was acquired in connection with our acquisition of TCS. 
No valuation allowance has been established on these deferred tax assets based on our evaluation that our ability to realize such 
assets  has  met  the  criteria  of  "more  likely  than  not."  We  continuously  evaluate  additional  facts  representing  positive  and 
negative evidence in determining our ability to realize these deferred tax assets. In certain circumstances, the ultimate outcome 
of exposures and risks involves significant uncertainties. If actual outcomes differ materially from these estimates, they could 
have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our  U.S.  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2018  through  2020  are  subject  to  potential  future  Internal  Revenue  Service 
("IRS")  audit.  None  of  our  state  income  tax  returns  prior  to  fiscal  2017  are  subject  to  audit.  Future  tax  assessments  or 
settlements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Research  and  Development  Costs.  We  generally  expense  all  research  and  development  costs.  Research  and  development 
expenses  include  payroll,  employee  benefits,  stock-based  compensation  expense,  and  other  personnel-related  expenses 
associated  with  product  development.  Research  and  development  expenses  also  include  third-party  development  and 
programming costs. Costs incurred internally in researching and developing software to be sold are charged to expense until 
technological  feasibility  has  been  established  for  the  software.  Judgment  is  required  in  determining  when  technological 
feasibility of a product is established. Technological feasibility for our advanced communication software solutions is generally 
reached  after  all  high-risk  development  issues  have  been  resolved  through  coding  and  testing.  Generally,  this  occurs  shortly 
before  the  products  are  released  to  customers  and  when  we  are  able  to  validate  the  marketability  of  such  product.  Once 
technological  feasibility  is  established,  all  software  costs  are  capitalized  until  the  product  is  available  for  general  release  to 
customers. To date, capitalized internally developed software costs were not material.

Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory. We record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and 
projected usage trends. Other factors may also influence our provision, including decisions to exit a product line, technological 
change and new product development. These factors could result in a change in the amount of excess and obsolete inventory on 
hand. Additionally, our estimates of future product demand may prove to be inaccurate, in which case we may have understated 
or  overstated  the  provision  required  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory.  In  the  future,  if  we  determine  that  our  inventory  was 
overvalued, we would be required to recognize such costs in our financial statements at the time of such determination. Any 
such charge could be material to our results of operations and financial condition.

Allowance  for  Doubtful  Accounts.  We  perform  credit  evaluations  of  our  customers  and  adjust  credit  limits  based  upon 
customer  payment  history  and  current  creditworthiness,  as  determined  by  our  review  of  our  customers’  current  credit 
information. Generally, we will require cash in advance or payment secured by irrevocable letters of credit before an order is 
accepted from an international customer that we do not do business with regularly. In addition, we seek to obtain insurance for 
certain domestic and international customers.

We  monitor  collections  and  payments  from  our  customers  and  maintain  an  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  based  upon  our 
historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. In light of ongoing tight credit market 
conditions, we continue to see requests from our customers for higher credit limits and longer payment terms. Because of our 
strong cash position and the nominal amount of interest we are earning on our cash and cash equivalents, we have, on a limited 
basis, approved certain customer requests. We continue to monitor our accounts receivable credit portfolio. To-date, there has 
been no material changes in our credit portfolio as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on worldwide business activities.

Although our overall credit losses have historically been within the allowances we established, we cannot accurately predict our 
future credit loss experience, given the current poor business environment. Measurement of credit losses requires consideration 
of historical loss experience, including the need to adjust for changing business conditions, and judgments about the probable 
effects of relevant observable data, including present economic conditions such as delinquency rates and the financial health of 
specific  customers.  Future  changes  to  the  estimated  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  could  be  material  to  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

56

Results of Operations

The  following  table  sets  forth,  for  the  periods  indicated,  certain  income  and  expense  items  expressed  as  a  percentage  of  our 
consolidated net sales:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2020

2019

2021

Gross margin
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Settlement of intellectual property litigation
Acquisition plan expenses
Amortization of intangibles
Operating (loss) income
Interest expense (income) and other
Write-off of deferred financing costs
(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP measure)

 36.8 %
 19.2 %
 8.4 %
 — %
 17.2 %
 3.6 %
 (11.7) %
 1.2 %
 — %
 (12.9) %
 (12.6) %
 13.2 %

 36.8 %
 19.0 %
 8.5 %
 — %
 3.4 %
 3.5 %
 2.5 %
 1.0 %
 — %
 1.5 %
 1.1 %
 12.6 %

 36.8 %
 19.1 %
 8.4 %
 (0.5) %
 0.9 %
 2.7 %
 6.2 %
 1.4 %
 0.5 %
 4.3 %
 3.7 %
 13.9 %

For  a  definition  and  explanation  of  Adjusted  EBITDA,  see  "Item  6.  Selected  Consolidated  Financial  Data  -  Non-GAAP 
Financial  Data"  and  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  - 
Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020 - Adjusted EBITDA."

57

 
 
Impact of COVID-19 and Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022

For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, we achieved solid operating performance and generated consolidated:

•

•

•

•

•

Net sales of $581.7 million;

GAAP operating loss of $68.3 million and GAAP net loss of $73.5 million (including $70.0 million paid in cash to 
Gilat in October 2020);

Non-GAAP  operating  income  of  $36.1  million  and  Non-GAAP  net  income  of  $22.4  million.  These  Non-GAAP 
financial measures are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in the table included in 
the below section "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - 
Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020;" 

GAAP  net  cash  used  in  operating  activities  of  $40.6  million  (including  the  aforementioned  $70.0  million  Gilat 
payment); and

Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP financial measure discussed below) of $76.5 million.

As of July 31, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents were $30.9 million and our total debt outstanding was $201.0 million.

We  achieved  a  fiscal  2021  consolidated  book-to-bill  ratio  (a  measure  defined  as  bookings  divided  by  net  sales)  of  1.07  and 
ended  the  year  with  consolidated  backlog  of  $658.9  million,  which  represent  substantial  improvements  as  compared  to  our 
fiscal  2020.  During  fiscal  2021,  we  were  awarded  several  multi-year  contracts  to  deploy  and  operate  next  generation  911 
("NG-911") services for the states of Arizona, Iowa, Pennsylvania and South Carolina, collectively valued over $200.0 million.  
In  addition,  in  connection  with  a  multi-year  contract  award,  we  received  an  initial  $13.0  million  order  from  a  large  new 
customer  to  customize  our  next-generation  broadband  satellite  technology  that  can  be  used  with  the  thousands  of  Low  Earth 
Orbit (“LEO”) satellites reportedly being launched over the next several years. Our backlog (sometimes referred to herein as 
orders or bookings) are more fully defined in "Part I - Item 1. Business" included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the 
total  value  of  multi-year  contracts  that  we  have  received  is  substantially  higher  than  our  reported  backlog.  When  adding  our 
backlog and the total unfunded value of multi-year contracts that we have received and for which we expect future orders, our 
revenue visibility approximates $1.1 billion, excluding potential future orders from this large new customer that could amount 
to hundreds of millions of dollars.

With COVID-19 continuing to impact global markets and supply chains, reliable forecasting remains challenging. Against that 
background,  Comtech  is  targeting  to  achieve  fiscal  2022  net  sales  within  a  range  of  $580.0  million  to  $600.0  million  and 
Adjusted EBITDA between $70.0 million and $76.0 million.  These targets reflect the strength of our backlog and a strong sales 
pipeline,  offset  by  the  lingering  impacts  of  COVID-19,  timing  considerations  associated  with  tightening  global  supply  chain 
constraints  and  start-up  costs  associated  with  the  opening  of  two  new  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  facilities.  In 
addition,  our  fiscal  2022  financial  targets  reflect  the  impact  of  the  recently  completed  withdrawal  of  U.S.  troops  from 
Afghanistan and other U.S. government program changes. 

Our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2022 are anticipated to reflect a higher percentage of total Commercial Solutions segment 
sales due to strong demand for our public safety and location technology solutions, including work on our recent contracts to 
design,  deploy  and  operate  NG-911  services  for  the  states  of  South  Carolina  and  Pennsylvania,  and  a  higher  level  of  annual 
sales in our satellite earth station product line as compared to fiscal 2021, including incremental contributions from our recently 
acquired  TDMA  modem  technologies.  In  addition,  our  consolidated  net  sales  in  fiscal  2022  are  anticipated  to  reflect  strong 
demand for: (i) high reliability Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical (“EEE”) satellite-based space components and X/Y 
steerable antennas; (ii) ongoing sustainment services to the U.S. Army for the AN/TSC-198A SNAP terminal; (iii) Joint Cyber 
Analysis  Course  (“JCAC”)  training  solutions;  and  (iv)  sustainment  services  for  the  U.S.  Army’s  Project  Manager  Mission 
Command (“PM MC”) Blue Force Tracking (“BFT-1”) program. Also, we expect additional orders for the newly introduced 
Comtech COMETTM, the world’s smallest deployable troposcatter terminal, and our next generation troposcatter system used by 
the U.S. Marine Corps. 

58

Our GAAP operating income in fiscal 2022 will be impacted by both start-up manufacturing expenses and restructuring costs 
associated with the opening of our two new high-volume technology manufacturing centers, as well as COVID-19 related costs. 
Global supply chain issues make the amount and timing of these expenses difficult to predict.  In addition, GAAP operating 
income  in  fiscal  2022  is  likely  to  be  impacted  by  greater  than  normal  proxy  solicitation  related  costs,  as  well  as  expenses 
associated  with  the  appointment  of  a  new  CEO,  as  further  discussed  below.  Because  the  amount  and  timing  of  these  costs 
remain largely unpredictable, we are not providing GAAP operating income, GAAP net income or any GAAP EPS guidance or 
a reconciliation of our projected results to the most comparable GAAP measure, as such a reconciliation cannot be prepared 
without  unreasonable  effort.  For  the  same  reasons,  we  are  unable  to  address  the  probable  significance  of  the  unavailable  
information, which could be material to future results.

On October 4, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors has appointed Michael D. Porcelain, our President and Chief 
Operating Officer, to be Chief Executive Officer, taking over from Fred Kornberg after a short transition period.  The change of 
leadership is expected to occur by the end of calendar 2021, at which point Mr. Porcelain will also join our Board of Directors 
and  continue  as  President.    Mr.  Kornberg  will  serve  as  non-executive  Chairman  of  the  Board  and  is  expect  to  take  on  a 
technology advisory role. Costs associated with this leadership transition will be announced once they are finalized. 

On October 4, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 12, 2021 to 
stockholders  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  on  October  13,  2021.  Future  Common  Stock  dividends  remain  subject  to 
compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval.

Additional information related to our Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022 and a definition and explanation of Adjusted EBITDA 
is  included  in  the  below  section  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020."

Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020 

Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $581.7 million and $616.7 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a 
decrease  of  $35.0  million,  or  5.7%.  The  period-over-period  decrease  in  net  sales  reflects  lower  net  sales  in  our  Government 
Solutions segment, partially offset by higher net sales in our Commercial Solutions segment. Net sales by operating segment are 
discussed below.

Commercial Solutions
Net sales in our Commercial Solutions segment were $360.1 million for fiscal 2021, as compared to $353.7 million for fiscal 
2020, an increase of $6.4 million, or 1.8%. Our Commercial Solutions segment represented 61.9% of consolidated net sales for 
fiscal 2021 as compared to 57.4% for fiscal 2020. Our book-to-bill ratio (a measure defined as bookings divided by net sales) 
for this segment was 1.23. Period-to-period fluctuations in bookings are normal for this segment. As further discussed below, 
long-term  demand  for  our  Commercial  Solutions  segment's  products  and  technologies  appears  strong  and  we  believe  fiscal 
2022 net sales for this segment will be higher than the amount we achieved in fiscal 2021.

Net sales of our satellite ground station technologies for fiscal 2021 were higher than fiscal 2020. Fiscal 2021 benefited from a 
nominal  amount  of  sales  related  to  our  acquisition  of  UHP  Networks  Inc.  ("UHP")  on  March  2,  2021,  which  extended  our 
product  offerings  to  include  TDMA  satellite  modems.  We  believe  UHP  developed  revolutionary  technology,  which  has  the 
potential to transform the growing Very Small Aperture Terminal ("VSAT") market, as demand for high-speed satellite-based 
networks  are  projected  to  grow  significantly.  As  a  result  of  the  acquisition,  we  believe  we  are  well  positioned  for  long-term 
growth in this market. 

While  our  satellite  ground  station  product  line  continues  to  be  impacted  by  COVID-19's  effect  on  customer  demand, 
particularly  in  international  markets,  which  historically  represents  a  large  majority  of  end-users  for  this  product  line,  we 
benefited  during  fiscal  2021  from  a  number  of  awards,  including:  (i)  $11.4  million  in  delivery  orders  from  the  U.S.  Naval 
Information  Warfare  Systems  Command  for  our  latest  generation  SLM-5650B  satellite  modems  and  firmware;  (ii)  multiple 
contracts  aggregating  $6.3  million  for  500W  Ka-band  traveling  wave  tube  amplifiers  ("TWTAs")  for  both  military  and 
commercial high throughput satellite systems; (iii) multiple contracts aggregating $3.6 million from a U.S. system integrator for 
X-band  solid-state  power  amplifiers  ("SSPAs")  and  block  up  converters  for  transportable  satellite  communication  terminals; 
(iv)  a  contract  valued  at  more  than  $3.0  million  for  QV-band  TWTAs  to  support  a  new  high-speed  satellite  network;  (v)  an 
order  valued  at  more  than  $2.0  million  for  state-of-the-art  500W  Ka-band  high  power  amplifiers  supporting  a  leading  high 
throughput  satellite  customer;  and  (vi)  a  $2.0  million  order  for  rugged  Ka-band  high  power  TWTAs  for  a  U.S.  military 
communications system, among others.

59

We  expect  sales  of  our  satellite  earth  station  products  in  fiscal  2022  to  grow  as  compared  to  fiscal  2021  due  to  increased 
demand. This product line will also benefit from a full twelve months of sales of our new TDMA satellite network platform that 
we acquired in March 2021. At the same time, recent spikes in COVID-19 infection rates have curtailed travel and business in 
many parts of the world. In addition, global supply chain constraints have become more prevalent in recent months, with lead 
times for certain parts extending meaningfully. We believe these issues are suppressing orders from many of our satellite earth 
station product line customers and impacting the timing of deliveries and installations. Although we are closely monitoring our 
inventory needs and supplier base, these constraints represent a significant performance headwind as we enter fiscal 2022. 

Net sales in fiscal 2021 of our public safety and location technology solutions were slightly higher than fiscal 2020, reflecting 
increased sales of our NG-911 services and location-based technology solutions, offset in part by the absence of 911 wireless 
call routing sales to AT&T.

During  fiscal  2021,  we  were  awarded  several  important  statewide  NG-911  contracts  and  our  strong  momentum  was 
acknowledged by Frost & Sullivan, who recognized Comtech for registering the most significant year-over-year market share 
increase among all NG-911 primary contract holders, growing our market share from an estimated 17.3% in 2019 to 26.2% in 
2020, as calculated by Frost & Sullivan. 

During fiscal 2021, we were awarded and began work on a statewide contract valued at up to $175.1 million to design, deploy, 
and  operate  NG-911  services  for  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  The  total  contract  value  includes  multi-year  contract 
extension options and was initially funded at $137.4 million, of which $111.6 million was booked in fiscal 2021. This contract 
was awarded to us shortly after we announced the receipt of a $54.0 million contract to design, deploy and operate NG-911 
services  for  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  for  which  we  received  over  $7.5  million  of  additional  funding  in  fiscal  2021.  In 
addition  to  these  contracts,  we  were  awarded  a  multi-year  statewide  contract  valued  at  $35.8  million  to  design,  deploy  and 
operate  NG-911  services  for  the  State  of  Arizona,  which  includes  a  multi-year  extension  option.  Excluding  such  option,  the 
contract is valued at $23.5 million. Also, in fiscal 2021, we were awarded a statewide contract to provide NG-911 services for 
the State of Iowa. This multi-year contract includes contract extension options, is valued up to $48.5 million and was initially 
funded  $23.0  million.  Lastly,  although  not  yet  funded,  we  have  also  been  notified  that  we  were  selected  as  the  winner  of  a 
multi-year NG-911 contract for the State of Ohio. We anticipate that such contract will be initially funded in fiscal 2022.

Other  notable  orders  received  for  our  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions  during  fiscal  2021  include:  (i)  a  $9.8 
million  contract  with  a  major  tier-one  mobile  network  operator  ("MNO")  for  a  broad  suite  of  new  capabilities  and  services 
centered  around  virtualized  applications  and  5G  products;  (ii)  a  $7.1  million  contract  for  the  deployment  of  a  cellular-based 
Wireless Emergency Alerts ("WEA") solution with a tier-one MNO, which was our first major award for a WEA solution; (iii) 
a $5.0 million NG-911 modernization project for a U.S. government end customer; (iv) a contract valued at up to $4.7 million 
with  a  channel  partner  to  supply  new  releases  to  messaging  application  software  for  a  U.S.  tier-one  MNO;  (v)  a  contract 
renewal  worth  $4.2  million  for  location  and  mapping  technologies  for  a  tier-one  MNO;  (vi)  a  $4.0  million  maintenance 
agreement with a channel partner to continue providing messaging application support for a U.S. tier-one MNO; (vii) orders 
exceeding  $3.8  million  with  a  tier-one  MNO  for  additional  capabilities  related  to  our  Virtual  Mobility  Location  Center 
platform; and (viii) multiple contracts valued over $6.5 million to provide NG-911 services, including our Solacom Guardian 
Intelligent 911 Workstations, to various police and fire rescue services in Canada, among others.

We  are  continuing  to  work  on  other  opportunities  and  believe  there  is  strong  interest  in  our  public  safety  and  location 
technology  solutions.  To-date,  the  business  impact  of  COVID-19  on  our  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions  has 
been relatively muted and long-term demand for our products and services appears strong. Although COVID-19 has resulted in 
the cancellation of some key public safety trade shows and some states and municipalities have announced budget constraints, 
we believe that other potential customers are increasing their funding for NG-911 solutions, recognizing the critical importance 
of upgrading their 911 systems. Although public safety and location technology solutions have long sales cycles and are subject 
to difficult-to-predict changes in the overall procurement strategies of wireless carrier customers, we believe that sales of our 
NG-911 solutions will be higher than the amount we achieved in fiscal 2022. Further, we believe we are well positioned for 
long-term growth in this market.

Overall, we remain optimistic that fiscal 2022 net sales for this segment will be higher than the amount we achieved in fiscal 
2021. Bookings, sales and profitability in our Commercial Solutions segment can fluctuate from period-to-period due to many 
factors, including changes in the general business environment. As such, period-to-period comparisons of our results may not 
be indicative of a trend or future performance.

60

Government Solutions
Net sales in our Government Solutions segment were $221.5 million for fiscal 2021 as compared to $263.0 million for fiscal 
2020, a decrease of $41.5 million or 15.8%. Our Government Solutions segment represented 38.1% of consolidated net sales 
for  fiscal  2021  as  compared  to  42.6%  for  fiscal  2020.  Our  book-to-bill  ratio  (a  measure  defined  as  bookings  divided  by  net 
sales) in this segment for fiscal 2021 was 0.82. Period-to-period fluctuations in bookings are normal for this segment.

Fiscal 2021 net sales primarily reflect lower sales of global field support services, advanced VSAT products and other programs 
for the U.S. Army, offset in part by higher sales of our high reliability Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical ("EEE") 
satellite-based  space  components  (including  incremental  sales  of  X/Y  antenna  products  that  we  now  offer  as  a  result  of  our 
January  2020  acquisition  of  CGC).  Fiscal  2021  net  sales  also  included  performance  on  our  10-year,  $211.0  million  IDIQ 
contract  awarded  to  us  by  a  prime  contractor  to  provide  next-generation  troposcatter  systems  in  support  of  the  U.S.  Marine 
Corps.

During  fiscal  2021,  we  were  awarded  $27.0  million  of  orders  related  to  a  new  contract  to  provide  system  refurbishment, 
sustainment services and baseband equipment to the U.S Army. Such orders support the sustainment of the U.S. Army's AN/
TSC-198 SNAP family of ground satellite terminals. This multi-year contract, valued at up to $235.7 million, includes a base 
year  award  and  three  one-year  option  periods  exercisable  by  the  U.S.  Army.  We  expect  that  additional  funding  will  be 
authorized over the remaining contract period.

Other  notable  orders  awarded  in  fiscal  2021  include:  (i)  $16.3  million  of  orders  from  the  U.S.  government  for  our  JCAC 
training solutions; (ii) a $10.4 million contract from the U.S. military for the first phase of a full-motion large aperture antenna 
tracking system; (iii) $7.2 million of funding to support the U.S. Army’s PM MC's BFT-1 program; (iv) $5.5 million of funding 
on our contract to provide the U.S. Army with global field support services for military satellite communication (“SATCOM”) 
terminals around the world; (v) a $3.5 million contract for solid-state, high-power RF amplifiers from a major domestic medical 
instrumentation  provider;  (vi)  a  $3.2  million  follow-on  contract  from  the  Brazilian  military  to  supply  additional  satellite 
equipment and services for its Air Traffic Control network; (vii) a $3.0 million order from an overseas agency for maintenance 
of down range tracking stations; (viii) $3.0 million of additional funding for a 12-month extension on an existing contract to 
provide the State of Maryland’s Department of Human Services with statewide information technology (“IT”) services; and (ix) 
$2.9 million of funding on our contract to provide ongoing sustainment services and baseband equipment, among others.

We are seeing strong interest across the board for our Comtech COMETTM terminals and other new solutions we are discussing 
with  our  customers.  During  fiscal  2021,  we  conducted  successful  in-field  demonstrations  including  our  industry  leading 
troposcatter  solution  that  we  are  currently  providing  to  the  U.S.  Marine  Corps.  Other  military  commands  have  also  shown 
strong interest and recently, in fiscal 2021, we were awarded a $1.7 million contract by a non-U.S. NATO family customer for 
multiple  COMETTM  terminals.  This  represents  the  second  procurement  of  COMETTM  terminals  by  a  non-U.S.  NATO  family 
customer, in addition to the multiple COMETTM terminals already procured by the U.S. Special Operations Command.

In April 2021, the U.S. government announced that it intended to fully withdraw troops from Afghanistan. This change resulted 
in  lower  revenues  than  previously  anticipated  for  certain  programs  that  we  currently  participate  in.  In  addition,  the  U.S. 
presidential administration released its fiscal 2022 budget request. This budget request includes less money for certain legacy 
programs but additional funding for modernization and new programs. We believe these budget changes will benefit us over the 
longer-term, but will result in a decline in overall revenues in our Government Solutions segment in fiscal 2022, as compared to 
fiscal  2021.  Although  still  difficult  to  predict,  we  expect  that  revenues  in  this  segment  for  each  of  the  first  three  quarters  of 
fiscal  2022  will  be  slightly  lower  than  the  $46.6  million  achieved  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  fiscal  2021.  Thereafter,  this 
segment is expected to benefit from higher margin programs, including the receipt of new orders for the Comtech COMETTM 
and other troposcatter solutions. 

Bookings, sales and profitability in our Government Solutions segment can fluctuate dramatically from period-to-period due to 
many factors, including unpredictable funding, deployment and technology decisions by our U.S. and international government 
customers. As such, period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

61

Geography and Customer Type
Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related sales, for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 are as 
follows:

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

International
Total

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2020
2021
Commercial Solutions

2021
2020
Government Solutions

2021

2020

Consolidated

 14.7 %
 58.5 %
 73.2 %

 26.8 %
 100.0 %

 14.8 %
 58.9 %
 73.7 %

 66.8 %
 14.1 %
 80.9 %

 65.0 %
 15.2 %
 80.2 %

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

 26.3 %
 100.0 %

 19.1 %
 100.0 %

 19.8 %
 100.0 %

 23.9 %
 100.0 %

 23.5 %
 100.0 %

Sales  to  U.S.  government  customers  include  sales  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD"),  intelligence  and  civilian 
agencies, as well as sales directly to or through prime contractors.

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic 
sales  are  sales  to  Verizon  Communications  Inc.  ("Verizon"),  which  accounted  for  10.7%  of  consolidated  net  sales  for  fiscal 
2021. Except for the U.S. government, there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales for 
fiscal 2020.

International sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are 
sold  to  international  customers)  were  $138.9  million  and  $145.1  million,  respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.,  no  individual 
country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to a foreign country) represented 
more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020.

Gross Profit. Gross profit was $214.0 million and $226.8 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of $12.8 
million primarily reflects the decline in consolidated net sales, as discussed above. Gross profit as a percentage of consolidated 
net sales was 36.8% for both fiscal periods. Our gross profit in fiscal 2021 reflects a higher percentage of consolidated net sales 
generated  from  our  Commercial  Solutions  segment  (which  historically  achieves  higher  gross  margins  than  our  Government 
Solutions  segment),  offset  by  increased  costs  due  to  production  delays,  supply  chain  disruptions,  lower  levels  of  factory 
utilization  and  higher  logistics  and  operational  costs  resulting  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  In  addition,  our  gross  profit 
reflects start-up costs associated with the opening of our two new high-volume technology manufacturing centers. Our gross 
profit for fiscal 2021 also reflects a $2.0 million benefit from the refund of historical excise tax paid, which was recorded in our 
Unallocated segment. Gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, is further discussed below. 

Our  Commercial  Solutions  segment's  gross  profit,  as  a  percentage  of  related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021  decreased  in 
comparison  to  fiscal  2020.  The  decrease  in  gross  profit  percentage  in  fiscal  2021  primarily  reflects  changes  in  products  and 
services mix, including the cessation of sales to AT&T for 911 wireless call routing services and an increase in sales related to a 
recently awarded statewide NG-911 deployment (which has lower margins than our 911 wireless call routing services).

Our  Government  Solutions  segment's  gross  profit,  as  a  percentage  of  related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021  decreased  in 
comparison to fiscal 2020. The decrease in gross profit percentage primarily reflects lower segment net sales and changes in 
products  and  services  mix,  as  discussed  above.  Also,  during  fiscal  2021,  we  incurred  $1.0  million  of  incremental  operating 
costs for our antenna facility in the United Kingdom due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although operations in the 
United Kingdom have largely resumed, we continue to experience lingering impacts from COVID-19 and the shut-down. 

Included in consolidated cost of sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020 are provisions for excess and obsolete inventory of $4.4 million 
and  $1.6  million,  respectively.  As  discussed  in  "Item  7.  Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and 
Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies - Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory," we regularly review our 
inventory and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and projected usage trends.

Our consolidated gross profit, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, depends on the volume of sales, sales mix and related 
gross profit for each segment, and therefore is inherently difficult to forecast.

62

 
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $111.8 million and $117.1 
million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a decrease of $5.3 million, or 4.5%. As a percentage of consolidated 
net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were 19.2% and 19.0% for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In fiscal 2021, we incurred $2.8 million of restructuring costs to streamline our operations, including $1.8 million related to the 
ongoing relocation of certain of our satellite earth station production facilities to a new 146,000 square foot facility in Chandler, 
Arizona, and $1.0 million for the consolidation of certain administrative and operating functions in our tactical communications 
technologies product line. In addition, we received $3.1 million of legal expense recoveries from insurance in fiscal 2021. In 
fiscal  2020,  we  incurred  estimated  contract  settlement  costs  of  $0.4  million  principally  related  to  the  repositioning  of  our 
location  technologies  solutions  offerings  in  our  Commercial  Solutions  segment.  Excluding  these  costs  in  both  periods,  our 
selling, general and administrative expenses would have been $112.1 million, or 19.3% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2021 
and $116.7 million, or 18.9% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2020. The decrease in our selling, general and administrative 
expenses,  in  dollars,  is  largely  attributable  to  the  benefit  from  our  efforts  to  streamline  business  operations  in  both  of  our 
segments.

Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  fiscal  2022  will  likely  be  impacted  by  greater  than  normal  proxy  solicitation 
costs as well expenses associated with the CEO change that was announced on October 4, 2021. 

Amortization of stock-based compensation expenses recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses was $8.1 million 
in fiscal 2021 as compared to $7.5 million in fiscal 2020. Amortization of stock-based compensation is not allocated to our two 
reportable operating segments.

Research  and  Development  Expenses.  Research  and  development  expenses  were  $49.1  million  and  $52.2  million  for  fiscal 
2021  and  2020,  respectively,  representing  a  decrease  of  $3.1  million,  or  5.9%.  As  a  percentage  of  consolidated  net  sales, 
research and development expenses were 8.4% and 8.5% for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For fiscal 2021 and 2020, research and development expenses of $41.0 million and $45.2 million, respectively, related to our 
Commercial Solutions segment, and $7.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively, related to our Government Solutions segment. 
The  remaining  research  and  development  expenses  of  $1.0  million  and  $0.9  million  in  fiscal  2021  and  2020,  respectively, 
related to the amortization of stock-based compensation expense.

During fiscal 2021, our Government Solutions segment incurred $0.3 million of strategic emerging technology costs for next-
generation satellite technology to advance our solutions offerings to be used with new broadband satellite constellations. We are 
evaluating this new market in relation to our long-term business strategies, and we may incur additional costs in fiscal 2022.

Whenever  possible,  we  seek  customer  funding  for  research  and  development  to  adapt  our  products  to  specialized  customer 
requirements. During fiscal 2021 and 2020, customers reimbursed us $13.6 million and $11.9 million, respectively, which is not 
reflected in the reported research and development expenses but is included in net sales with the related costs included in cost of 
sales.

Amortization  of  Intangibles.  Amortization  relating  to  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  was  $21.0  million  (of  which  $17.1 
million was for the Commercial Solutions segment and $4.0 million was for the Government Solutions segment) for fiscal 2021 
and $21.6 million (of which $17.3 million was for the Commercial Solutions segment and $4.3 million was for the Government 
Solutions segment) for fiscal 2020.

Our Business Outlook for Fiscal 2022 assumes total annual amortization of intangible assets of approximately $21.8 million.

Acquisition Plan Expenses. During fiscal 2021 and 2020, we incurred acquisition plan expenses of $100.3 million and $20.8 
million, respectively. For fiscal 2021, $88.3 million related to the previously announced litigation and merger termination with 
Gilat,  including  $70.0  million  paid  in  cash  to  Gilat.  The  remaining  costs  in  fiscal  2021  primarily  related  to  the  April  2021 
settlement  of  litigation  associated  with  our  2019  acquisition  of  GD  NG-911  as  well  as  the  March  2021  closing  of  our 
acquisition of UHP. These expenses are primarily recorded in our Unallocated segment. 

63

Operating (Loss) Income. Operating loss for fiscal 2021 was $68.3 million as compared to operating income of $15.2 million 
for fiscal 2020. Operating income (loss) by reportable segment is shown in the table below:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

($ in millions)

2021

2020
Commercial 
Solutions

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Consolidated

Operating income (loss) $ 41.1 
Percentage of related 
net sales

 11.4 %

$ 34.8 

$  8.4 

$  20.0 

$  (117.8)  $ 

(39.6)  $ 

(68.3)  $  15.2 

 9.8 %

 3.8 %

 7.6 %

NA

NA

NA

 2.5 %

The increase in our Commercial Solutions segment operating income, both in dollars and as a percentage of the related segment 
net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021  was  driven  primarily  by  higher  net  sales,  lower  research  and  development  expenses  and  lower 
amortization of intangibles, offset in part by a lower gross profit percentage and $1.8 million of restructuring costs, as discussed 
above.

The decrease in our Government Solutions segment operating income, both in dollars and as a percentage of related segment 
net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021  was  driven  primarily  by  lower  net  sales,  a  lower  gross  profit  percentage,  higher  research  and 
development expenses and $1.0 million of restructuring costs, partially offset by lower amortization of intangibles, as discussed 
above.

The increase in unallocated expenses for fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 is primarily due to acquisition plan expenses, as 
discussed above. Amortization of stock-based compensation was $10.0 million and $9.3 million, respectively, for fiscal 2021 
and 2020.

Excluding  (i)  $100.3  million  of  acquisition  plan  expenses;  (ii)  $2.8  million  of  restructuring  costs;  (iii)  $1.0  million  of 
incremental  operating  costs  due  to  the  impact  of  COVID-19;  and  (iv)  $0.3  million  of  strategic  emerging  technology  costs, 
consolidated  operating  income  for  fiscal  2021  would  have  been  $36.1  million,  or  6.2%  of  consolidated  net  sales.  Excluding 
$20.8  million  of  acquisition  plan  expenses  and  $0.4  million  of  estimated  contract  settlement  costs,  consolidated  operating 
income  for  fiscal  2020  would  have  been  $36.4  million,  or  5.9%  of  consolidated  net  sales.  The  increase,  as  a  percentage  of 
consolidated  net  sales,  was  due  primarily  to  lower  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  and  lower  research  and 
development expenses, offset in part by lower consolidated net sales, as discussed above.

GAAP operating income in fiscal 2022 will be impacted by both start-up expenses and restructuring costs associated with the 
opening of Comtech’s new high-volume technology manufacturing centers, as well as COVID-19 related costs. In addition, as 
discussed  above,  we  will  likely  incur  greater  than  normal  proxy  solicitation  costs  in  fiscal  2022  as  well  expenses  associated 
with the CEO change that was announced on October 4, 2021. 

Interest Expense and Other. Interest expense was $6.8 million and $6.1 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Interest 
expense for fiscal 2021 includes $1.2 million of incremental interest expense related to a now terminated financing commitment 
letter. Excluding the $1.2 million, our effective interest rate (including amortization of deferred financing costs) in fiscal 2021 
was approximately 2.8%. Our current cash borrowing rate (which excludes the amortization of deferred financing costs) under 
our existing Credit Facility approximates 2.4%.

Interest (Income) and Other. Interest (income) and other for both fiscal 2021 and 2020 was nominal. All of our available cash 
and  cash  equivalents  are  currently  invested  in  bank  deposits  and  money  market  deposit  accounts  which,  at  this  time,  are 
currently yielding an immaterial interest rate.

(Benefit from) Provision for Income Taxes. For fiscal 2021, we recorded a tax benefit of $1.5 million as compared to a tax 
provision of $2.3 million for fiscal 2020. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 (excluding discrete tax items) was nominal, as 
compared  to  37.0%  for  fiscal  2020.  The  decrease  from  37.0%  is  primarily  due  to  the  exclusion  of  the  $70.0  million  of 
acquisition plan expense paid to Gilat during our first quarter of fiscal 2021, as such amount was considered an unusual and 
infrequently occurring item. In addition, given the nature of such item, no financial statement benefit was recorded for the $70.0 
million payment to Gilat.

64

During  fiscal  2021,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.6  million,  primarily  related  to:  (i)  the  release  of  valuation 
allowances previously established on deferred tax assets of one of our Canadian subsidiaries; (ii) the finalization of certain tax 
accounts in connection with the filing of our fiscal 2020 federal, state and foreign income tax returns; and (iii) the settlement of 
certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2021.

During  fiscal  2020,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.2  million,  primarily  related  to  the  finalization  of  certain  tax 
accounts in connection with the filing of our fiscal 2019 federal and state income tax returns. These benefits were offset, in part, 
by: (i) the remeasurement of certain foreign deferred taxes resulting from the passage of legislation that increased the statutory 
tax rate in the United Kingdom from 17.0% to 19.0%; and (ii) the settlement of certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2020.

Our federal income tax returns for fiscal 2018 through 2020 are subject to potential future IRS audit. None of our state income 
tax returns prior to fiscal 2017 are subject to audit. Future tax assessments or settlements could have a material adverse effect 
on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Net (Loss) Income. During fiscal 2021, our consolidated net loss was $73.5 million as compared to net income of $7.0 million 
during fiscal 2020. 

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and as a percentage of related net sales) for both fiscal 2021 and 2020 
are shown in the table below (numbers in the table may not foot due to rounding):

($ in millions)

Net income (loss)
Provision for (benefit from) 

income taxes

Interest (income) and other

Interest expense
Amortization of stock-based 

compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation
Estimated contract settlement 

costs

Acquisition plan expenses

Restructuring costs

COVID-19 related costs
Strategic emerging technology
   costs
Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Consolidated

$ 39.2 

34.4 

9.6 

20.2 

(122.2) 

(47.6)  $ (73.5) 

7.0 

1.8 

0.1 

— 

— 

17.1 

7.5 

— 

(1.1) 

1.8 

— 

— 

$ 66.3 

0.4 

— 

— 

— 

17.3 

8.3 

0.4 

0.8 

— 

— 

— 

61.7 

(1.4) 

0.2 

0.1 

— 

4.0 

1.6 

— 

— 

1.0 

1.0 

0.3 

16.3 

(0.1) 

(0.2) 

— 

— 

4.3 

1.4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

25.7 

(1.9) 

(0.4) 

6.8 

10.0 

— 

0.3 

— 

101.3 

— 

— 

— 

(6.1) 

NA

2.0 

— 

6.0 

9.3 

— 

0.8 

— 

(1.5) 

(0.1) 

6.8 

10.0 

21.0 

9.4 

— 

20.0 

100.3 

— 

— 

— 

2.8 

1.0 

0.3 

2.3 

(0.2) 

6.1 

9.3 

21.6 

10.6 

0.4 

20.8 

— 

— 

— 

(9.6)  $  76.5 

77.8 

NA

 13.2 %

 12.6 %

Percentage of related net sales

 18.4 %  17.4 %

 7.4 %

 9.8 %

The increase in consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 
2020 is primarily attributable to a higher percentage of consolidated net sales in our Commercial Solutions segment, as well as 
lower consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, as discussed above. 

The increase in our Commercial Solutions segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of related segment 
net  sales,  is  due  to  higher  segment  net  sales,  lower  research  and  development  expense  and  the  benefit  from  cost  savings 
measures previously implemented, partially offset by a lower gross profit percentage, as discussed above. 

The decrease in our Government Solutions segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of related segment 
net  sales,  was  driven  primarily  by  lower  segment  net  sales,  a  lower  gross  profit  percentage  and  higher  research  and 
development expenses, as discussed above.

65

Because our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, depends on the volume of sales, sales 
mix and related gross profit for each individual segment as well as unallocated spending, it is inherently difficult to forecast. 

Reconciliations of our GAAP consolidated operating income (loss), net income (loss) and net income (loss) per diluted share 
for  fiscal  2021  and  2020  to  the  corresponding  non-GAAP  measures  are  shown  in  the  tables  below  (numbers  and  per  share 
amounts in the table may not foot due to rounding). Non-GAAP net income and EPS reflect non-GAAP provisions for income 
taxes based on full year results, as adjusted for the non-GAAP reconciling items included in the tables below. We evaluate our 
non-GAAP  effective  income  tax  rate  on  an  ongoing  basis,  and  it  can  change  from  time  to  time.  Our  non-GAAP  effective 
income tax rate can differ materially from our GAAP effective income tax rate. In addition, due to the GAAP net loss for the 
period,  non-GAAP  income  per  diluted  share  adjustments  for  fiscal  2021  were  computed  using  25,885,000  weighted  average 
diluted shares outstanding during the respective period:

($ in millions, except for per share amount)

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Acquisition plan expenses

Restructuring costs

COVID-19 related costs

Strategic emerging technology costs

Interest expense

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

($ in millions, except for per share amount)
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Estimated contract settlement costs

    Acquisition plan expenses

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

Fiscal 2021

Operating 
(Loss) 
Income

Net (Loss) 
Income

Net (Loss) Income 
per
Diluted Share

$ (68.3) 

  100.3 

$ (73.5) 

  93.3 

$ 

(2.86) 

3.60 

0.08 

0.03 

0.01 

0.04 

2.1 

0.8 

0.3 

0.9 

(1.6) 

$  22.4 

(0.06) 

$ 

0.86 

2.8 

1.0 

0.3 

  — 

  — 

$  36.1 

Fiscal 2020

Operating 
Income

Net Income

Net Income per
Diluted Share

$  15.2 

0.4 

  20.8 

  — 

$  36.4 

$  7.0 

0.3 

  13.1 

(1.2) 

$  19.2 

$ 

0.28 

0.01 

0.53 

(0.05) 

$ 

0.77 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  Non-GAAP  measure  that  represents  earnings  (loss)  before  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and 
other,  write-off  of  deferred  financing  costs,  interest  expense,  amortization  of  stock-based  compensation,  amortization  of 
intangibles, depreciation expense, estimated contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition 
plan expenses, restructuring costs, COVID-19 related costs, strategic emerging technology costs (for next-generation satellite 
technology),  facility  exit  costs,  strategic  alternatives  analysis  expenses  and  other.  Our  definition  of  Adjusted  EBITDA  may 
differ from the definition of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and therefore may not be comparable to 
similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is also a measure frequently requested by our investors 
and analysts. We believe that investors and analysts may use Adjusted EBITDA, along with other information contained in our 
SEC filings, in assessing our performance and comparability of our results with other companies. Our Non-GAAP measures for 
consolidated operating income, net income and net income per diluted share reflect the GAAP measures as reported, adjusted 
for certain items as described. These Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool as they exclude the 
financial impact of transactions necessary to conduct our business, such as the granting of equity compensation awards, and are 
not  intended  to  be  an  alternative  to  financial  measures  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  These  measures  are  adjusted  as 
described in the reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP in the above tables, but these adjustments should not be construed as an 
inference that all of these adjustments or costs are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring. Non-GAAP financial measures should 
be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. 
Investors  are  advised  to  carefully  review  the  GAAP  financial  results  that  are  disclosed  in  our  SEC  filings.  We  have  not 
quantitatively  reconciled  our  fiscal  2022  Adjusted  EBITDA  target  to  the  most  directly  comparable  GAAP  measure  because 
items  such  as  stock-based  compensation,  adjustments  to  the  provision  for  income  taxes,  amortization  of  intangibles,  interest 
expense  and  estimated  proxy  solicitation  related  costs,  which  are  specific  items  that  impact  these  measures,  have  not  yet 
occurred,  are  out  of  our  control,  or  cannot  be  predicted.  For  example,  quantification  of  stock-based  compensation  expense 
requires  inputs  such  as  the  number  of  shares  granted  and  market  price  that  are  not  currently  ascertainable.  Accordingly, 
reconciliations to the Non-GAAP forward looking metrics are not available without unreasonable effort and such unavailable 
reconciling items could significantly impact our financial results.

Comparison of Fiscal 2020 and 2019 

Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $616.7 million and $671.8 million for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, representing a 
decrease  of  $55.1  million,  or  8.2%.  The  period-over-period  decrease  in  net  sales  reflects  lower  net  sales  in  both  our 
Government Solutions and Commercial Solutions segments. Net sales by operating segment are discussed below.

Commercial Solutions
Net sales in our Commercial Solutions segment were $353.7 million for fiscal 2020, as compared to $357.3 million for fiscal 
2019, a decrease of $3.6 million, or 1.0%. Our Commercial Solutions segment represented 57.4% of consolidated net sales for 
fiscal 2020 as compared to 53.2% for fiscal 2019. Our book-to-bill ratio (a measure defined as bookings divided by net sales) 
for this segment was 0.91. Period-to-period fluctuations in bookings are normal for this segment.

Net sales of our satellite ground station technologies in fiscal 2020 were significantly lower than fiscal 2019, primarily due to 
the business impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Net sales of our public safety and location technology solutions were higher in fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. Sales in 
fiscal 2020 of these products included an insignificant amount of sales from our February 2020 acquisition of NG-911. During 
fiscal 2020, the business impact of COVID-19 on our public safety and location technology solutions was relatively muted.

Bookings, sales and profitability in our Commercial Solutions segment can fluctuate from period-to-period due to many factors, 
including  changes  in  the  general  business  environment.  As  such,  period-to-period  comparisons  of  our  results  may  not  be 
indicative of a trend or future performance.

Government Solutions
Net sales in our Government Solutions segment were $263.0 million for fiscal 2020 as compared to $314.5 million for fiscal 
2019, a decrease of $51.5 million or 16.4%. Our Government Solutions segment represented 42.6% of consolidated net sales 
for  fiscal  2020  as  compared  to  46.8%  for  fiscal  2019.  Our  book-to-bill  ratio  (a  measure  defined  as  bookings  divided  by  net 
sales) in this segment for fiscal 2020 was 1.0. Period-to-period fluctuations in bookings are normal for this segment.

Net sales of our tactical communications technologies during fiscal 2020 were significantly lower as compared to fiscal 2019, 
due primarily to the timing of and performance on orders related to our $98.6 million U.S. Army global field support contract 
and  lower  sales  for  high  reliability  Electrical,  Electronic  and  Electromechanical  (“EEE”)  satellite  based  space  components. 
While  fiscal  2020  benefited  from  a  nominal  amount  of  sales  related  to  our  new  X/Y  satellite  tracking  antenna  product  line 
acquired in connection with our January 2020 acquisition of CGC, it also reflected the absence of sales of our next generation 
MT-2025 mobile satellite transceivers. In fiscal 2019, we sold $11.7 million of such transceivers. 

67

Net sales of our high-performance transmission technologies in fiscal 2020 were slightly lower as compared to fiscal 2019 with 
increased sales of solid-state, high-power amplifiers and related switching technologies being offset by lower sales of our over-
the-horizon microwave system technologies. 

Bookings, sales and profitability in our Government Solutions segment can fluctuate dramatically from period-to-period due to 
many factors, including unpredictable funding, deployment and technology decisions by our U.S. and international government 
customers. As such, period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

Geography and Customer Type
Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related sales, for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 are as 
follows:

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

International
Total

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2019
2020
Commercial Solutions

2020
2019
Government Solutions

2020

2019

Consolidated

 14.8 %
 58.9 %
 73.7 %

 26.3 %
 100.0 %

 19.2 %
 53.9 %
 73.1 %

 65.0 %
 15.2 %
 80.2 %

 63.8 %
 12.5 %
 76.3 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

 40.1 %
 34.5 %
 74.6 %

 26.9 %
 100.0 %

 19.8 %
 100.0 %

 23.7 %
 100.0 %

 23.5 %
 100.0 %

 25.4 %
 100.0 %

Sales to U.S. government customers include sales to the DoD, intelligence and civilian agencies, as well as sales directly to or 
through prime contractors.

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Except  for  the  U.S. 
government, there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2020 and 2019.

International sales for fiscal 2020 and 2019 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are 
sold  to  international  customers)  were  $145.1  million  and  $170.6  million,  respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.,  no  individual 
country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to a foreign country) represented 
more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2020 and 2019.

Gross Profit. Gross profit was $226.8 million and $247.4 million for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $20.6 
million primarily reflects the decline in consolidated net sales, as discussed above.

Gross profit, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for both fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 was 36.8%. Our gross profit in fiscal 
2020  reflects  minor  increases  in  costs  due  to  a  lower  level  of  factory  utilization  and  higher  logistics  and  operational  costs 
resulting from COVID-19. Gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, is further discussed below. 

Our  Commercial  Solutions  segment's  gross  profit,  as  a  percentage  of  related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2020  decreased  in 
comparison  to  fiscal  2019.  The  decrease  in  gross  profit  percentage  in  fiscal  2020  primarily  reflects  changes  in  products  and 
services mix, primarily lower net sales of our satellite ground station technologies.

Our Government Solutions segment's gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, for fiscal 2020 increased slightly 
in comparison to fiscal 2019. The slight increase in gross profit percentage primarily reflects a more favorable mix of mission-
critical technology solutions, despite lower fiscal 2020 sales of such solutions.

Included in consolidated cost of sales for fiscal 2020 and 2019 are provisions for excess and obsolete inventory of $1.6 million 
and  $6.0  million,  respectively.  As  discussed  in  "Item  7.  Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and 
Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies - Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory," we regularly review our 
inventory and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and projected usage trends.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $117.1 million and $128.6 
million  for  fiscal  2020  and  2019,  respectively,  representing  a  decrease  of  $11.5  million,  or  8.9%.  As  a  percentage  of 
consolidated  net  sales,  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  were  19.0%  and  19.1%  for  fiscal  2020  and  2019, 
respectively.

68

 
 
Our selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2020 reflect certain cost reduction actions taken in response to lower 
levels  of  business  activity  resulting  from  COVID-19.  These  cost  savings  measures  included  reducing  global  headcount, 
temporarily  reducing  salaries,  suspending  merit  increases  and  eliminating  certain  discretionary  expenses.  Severance  costs 
related to these actions were not material. Although we incurred lower travel expenses in fiscal 2020 than we did in fiscal 2019, 
there was a corresponding increase in information technology costs and COVID-19 safety related expenses. 

In  fiscal  2020,  we  incurred  estimated  contract  settlement  costs  of  $0.4  million  related  to  the  repositioning  of  our  location 
technologies solutions offerings in our Commercial Solutions segment. In fiscal 2019, we incurred $6.4 million of such costs 
and also incurred $1.4 million of facility exit costs in our Government Solutions segment. Excluding all of these costs in both 
periods, our selling, general and administrative expenses would have been $116.7 million, or 18.9% of consolidated net sales 
for fiscal 2020 and $120.8 million, or 18.0% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2019.

Amortization of stock-based compensation expenses recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses was $7.5 million 
in fiscal 2020 as compared to $9.3 million in fiscal 2019. This year-over-year decrease largely occurred due to the temporary 
suspension of stock-based awards for certain employees to reduce expenses as a response to COVID-19. Amortization of stock-
based compensation is not allocated to our two reportable operating segments.

Research  and  Development  Expenses.  Research  and  development  expenses  were  $52.2  million  and  $56.4  million  for  fiscal 
2020  and  2019,  respectively,  representing  a  decrease  of  $4.2  million,  or  7.4%.  As  a  percentage  of  consolidated  net  sales, 
research and development expenses were 8.5% and 8.4% for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.

For fiscal 2020 and 2019, research and development expenses of $45.2 million and $48.2 million, respectively, related to our 
Commercial Solutions segment, and $6.1 million and $7.2 million, respectively, related to our Government Solutions segment. 
The  remaining  research  and  development  expenses  of  $0.9  million  and  $1.0  million  in  fiscal  2020  and  2019,  respectively, 
related to the amortization of stock-based compensation expense.

Whenever  possible,  we  seek  customer  funding  for  research  and  development  to  adapt  our  products  to  specialized  customer 
requirements. During fiscal 2020 and 2019, customers reimbursed us $11.9 million and $14.7 million, respectively, which is not 
reflected in the reported research and development expenses but is included in net sales with the related costs included in cost of 
sales.

Amortization  of  Intangibles.  Amortization  relating  to  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  was  $21.6  million  (of  which  $17.3 
million was for the Commercial Solutions segment and $4.3 million was for the Government Solutions segment) for fiscal 2020 
and $18.3 million (of which $14.9 million was for the Commercial Solutions segment and $3.4 million was for the Government 
Solutions segment) for fiscal 2019. The increase of $3.3 million was primarily due to our 2019 acquisitions of Solacom and the 
GD NG-911 business and our 2020 acquisition of CGC.

Settlement of Intellectual Property Litigation. In fiscal 2019, we recorded a $3.2 million benefit in our Unallocated segment as 
a result of a favorable ruling issued by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit related to a legacy TCS intellectual 
property matter. There was no comparable adjustment in fiscal 2020.

Acquisition Plan Expenses. During fiscal 2020, we incurred acquisition plan expenses of $20.8 million, primarily related to the 
now  terminated  acquisition  of  Gilat  (including  significant  litigation  expenses)  and  our  acquisition  of  UHP,  which  was 
completed in March 2021. Fiscal 2020 acquisition plan expenses also include costs associated with our completed acquisitions 
of  CGC  and  NG-911.  In  fiscal  2019,  our  acquisition  plan  expenses  of  $5.9  million  primarily  related  to  our  acquisitions  of 
Solacom  and  the  GD  NG-911  business.  Except  for  $0.8  million  of  fiscal  2020  costs  which  are  reflected  in  our  Commercial 
Solutions segment, all of these expenses are primarily recorded in our Unallocated segment.

69

Operating Income. Operating income for fiscal 2020 was $15.2 million as compared $41.4 million for fiscal 2019. Operating 
income by reportable segment is shown in the table below:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

($ in millions)

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Consolidated

Operating income (loss) $  34.8 
Percentage of related 
net sales

 9.8 %

$  36.1 

$  20.0 

$  29.0 

$ 

(39.6)  $ 

(23.6)  $  15.2 

$  41.4 

 10.1 %

 7.6 %

 9.2 %

NA

NA

 2.5 %

 6.2 %

The Commercial Solutions segment's operating income for fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 reflects $0.4 million and $6.4 million of 
estimated  contract  settlement  costs,  as  discussed  above.  The  segment's  operating  income  for  fiscal  2020  also  reflects  $0.8 
million of the total acquisition plan expenses, as discussed above. Excluding such charges, operating income in our Commercial 
Solutions segment would have been $36.0 million, or 10.2% of related segment net sales for fiscal 2020, and $42.5 million, or 
11.9% of related segment net sales for fiscal 2019. The decrease in operating income, both in dollars and as a percentage of 
related  segment  net  sales,  was  driven  primarily  by  lower  net  sales  and  a  lower  gross  profit  percentage  and  increased 
amortization of intangibles, as discussed above.

The Government Solutions segment’s operating income for fiscal 2019 included $1.4 million of facility exit costs, as discussed 
above. Excluding such facility exist costs, operating income in our Government Solutions segment for fiscal 2019 would have 
been $30.4 million, or 9.7% of related segment net sales as compared to fiscal 2020 operating income of $20.0 million, or 7.6% 
of related segment net sales. The decrease in our Government Solutions segment’s operating income, both in dollars and as a 
percentage of related segment net sales, in fiscal 2020 was driven primarily by lower net sales and increased amortization of 
intangibles, as discussed above.

The  increase  in  unallocated  expenses  in  fiscal  2020  as  compared  to  fiscal  2019  is  primarily  due  to  higher  acquisition  plan 
expenses  and  the  absence  of  the  $3.2  million  benefit  related  to  the  fiscal  2019  favorable  ruling  issued  by  the  U.S.  Court  of 
Appeals for the Federal Circuit for a legacy TCS intellectual property matter, as discussed above. Amortization of stock-based 
compensation was $9.3 million and $11.4 million, respectively, for fiscal 2020 and 2019. 

Excluding the $20.8 million of acquisition plan expenses and $0.4 million of estimated contract settlement costs, consolidated 
operating  income  for  fiscal  2020  would  have  been  $36.4  million,  or  5.9%  of  consolidated  net  sales.  Excluding  net  costs  of 
$10.5 million, consisting of $6.4 million of estimated contract settlement costs, $1.4 million of facility exit costs, $5.9 million 
of acquisition plan expenses and a $3.2 million benefit related to a legacy TCS intellectual property matter (all of which are 
discussed above), consolidated operating income for fiscal 2019 would have been $51.8 million, or 7.7% of consolidated net 
sales. The decrease in dollars, and as a percentage of consolidated net sales, was due primarily to lower consolidated net sales 
and increased amortization of intangibles, as discussed above.

Interest  Expense  and  Other.  Interest  expense  was  $6.1  million  and  $9.2  million  for  fiscal  2020  and  2019,  respectively.  The 
decrease  is  attributable  to  lower  interest  rates  and  lower  outstanding  indebtedness  under  our  existing  Credit  Facility.  Our 
effective interest rate (including amortization of deferred financing costs) in fiscal 2020 was approximately 3.9%.

Write-off of Deferred Financing Costs. In connection with the establishment of a new Credit Facility in fiscal 2019, we wrote-
off $3.2 million of deferred financing costs which primarily related to the term loan portion of our prior credit facility. There 
was no comparable charge in fiscal 2020.

Interest (Income) and Other. Interest (income) and other for both fiscal 2020 and 2019 was nominal.

Provision  for  Income  Taxes.  The  provision  for  income  taxes  for  fiscal  2020  and  2019  was  $2.3  million  and  $3.9  million, 
respectively. Our effective tax rate (excluding discrete tax items) for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was 37.0% and 23.25%, respectively. 
The increase from 23.25% to 37.0% is primarily due to the decrease in fiscal 2020 consolidated net sales.

During  fiscal  2020,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.2  million,  primarily  related  to  the  finalization  of  certain  tax 
accounts in connection with the filing of our fiscal 2019 federal and state income tax returns. These benefits were offset, in part, 
by (i) the remeasurement of certain foreign deferred taxes resulting from the passage of legislation that increased the statutory 
tax rate in the United Kingdom from 17.0% to 19.0% and (ii) the settlement of certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2020.

70

During fiscal 2019, we recorded a net discrete tax benefit of $2.9 million, primarily related to: (i) the favorable resolution of the 
IRS' audit of our fiscal 2016 federal income tax return; (ii) discrete tax benefits for stock-based awards that were settled during 
fiscal  2019;  and  (iii)  the  reversal  of  tax  contingencies  no  longer  required  due  to  the  expiration  of  applicable  statutes  of 
limitation.

Net Income. During fiscal 2020, consolidated net income was $7.0 million as compared to $25.0 million during fiscal 2019. 

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and as a percentage of related net sales) for both fiscal 2020 and 2019 
are shown in the table below (numbers in the table may not foot due to rounding):

($ in millions)

Net income (loss)
Provision for (benefit from) 

income taxes

Interest (income) and other
Write-off of deferred financing 

costs

Interest expense
Amortization of stock-based 

compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation
Estimated contract settlement 

costs

Settlement of intellectual 

property litigation

Acquisition plan expenses

Facility exit costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

2020

2019

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Consolidated

$  34.4 

  35.9 

  20.2 

  29.0 

(47.6)   

(39.9)  $  7.0 

  25.0 

0.4 

  — 

  — 

0.1 

(0.1) 

(0.2) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

0.1 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  17.3 

8.3 

0.4 

  — 

0.8 

  — 

$  61.7 

  — 

  14.9 

9.3 

  — 

  — 

4.3 

1.4 

3.4 

1.9 

6.4 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  66.6 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  25.7 

  — 

  — 

1.4 

  35.6 

2.0 

— 

— 

6.0 

9.3 

— 

0.8 

— 

— 

20.0 

— 

2.3 

3.9 

(0.2) 

  — 

3.9 

— 

3.2 

9.2 

11.4 

  — 

6.1 

9.3 

— 

  21.6 

0.8 

  10.6 

3.2 

9.2 

  11.4 

  18.3 

  11.9 

— 

0.4 

6.4 

(3.2)    — 

5.9 

  20.8 

— 

  — 

(3.2) 

5.9 

1.4 

(9.6)   

(8.8)  $  77.8 

  93.5 

Percentage of related net sales

 17.4 %

 18.6 %

 9.8 %

 11.3 %

NA

NA

 12.6 %

 13.9 %

The decrease in consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for fiscal 2020 as 
compared to fiscal 2019 is primarily attributable to lower consolidated net sales, as discussed above. 

The decrease in our Commercial Solutions segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of related segment 
net sales, is due to lower net sales and a lower gross profit percentage, as discussed above. 

The decrease in our Government Solutions segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of related segment 
net sales, was primarily driven by lower net sales, as discussed above.

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliations of our GAAP consolidated operating income, net income and net income per diluted share for fiscal 2020 and 
2019 to the corresponding non-GAAP measures are shown in the tables below (numbers and per share amounts in the table may 
not foot due to rounding). Non-GAAP net income and EPS reflect non-GAAP provisions for income taxes based on full year 
results,  as  adjusted  for  the  non-GAAP  reconciling  items  included  in  the  tables  below.  We  evaluate  our  non-GAAP  effective 
income tax rate on an ongoing basis, and it can change from time to time. Our non-GAAP effective income tax rate can differ 
materially from our GAAP effective income tax rate:

($ in millions, except for per share amount)

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Estimated contract settlement costs

    Acquisition plan expenses

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

($ in millions, except for per share amount)
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Estimated contract settlement costs

    Settlement of intellectual property litigation

    Facility exit costs

    Acquisition plan expenses

    Write-off of deferred financing costs

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

Fiscal 2020

Operating 
Income

Net 
Income

Net Income 
per
Diluted Share

$ 15.2 

  0.4 

  20.8 

  — 

$ 36.4 

$  7.0 

  0.3 

  13.1 

  (1.2) 

$ 19.2 

Fiscal 2019

$  0.28 

  0.01 

  0.53 

  (0.05) 

$  0.77 

Operating 
Income

Net 
Income

Net Income 
per
Diluted Share

$ 41.4 

  6.4 

  (3.2) 

  1.4 

  5.9 

  — 

  — 

$ 51.8 

$ 25.0 

  4.9 

  (2.5) 

  1.1 

  4.5 

  2.5 

  (2.9) 

$ 32.6 

$  1.03 

  0.20 

  (0.10) 

  0.04 

  0.19 

  0.10 

  (0.12) 

$  1.34 

Our  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  Non-GAAP  measure  that  represents  earnings  (loss)  before  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and 
other,  write-off  of  deferred  financing  costs,  interest  expense,  amortization  of  stock-based  compensation,  amortization  of 
intangibles, depreciation expense, estimated contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition 
plan expenses, restructuring costs, COVID-19 related costs, strategic emerging technology costs (for next-generation satellite 
technology), facility exit costs, strategic alternatives analysis expenses, proxy solicitation related costs and other. Our definition 
of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from the definition of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and therefore 
may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is also a measure frequently 
requested by our investors and analysts. We believe that investors and analysts may use Adjusted EBITDA, along with other 
information contained in our SEC filings, in assessing our performance and comparability of our results with other companies. 
Our Non-GAAP measures for consolidated operating income, net income and net income per diluted share reflect the GAAP 
measures  as  reported,  adjusted  for  certain  items  as  described.  These  Non-GAAP  financial  measures  have  limitations  as  an 
analytical tool as they exclude the financial impact of transactions necessary to conduct our business, such as the granting of 
equity  compensation  awards,  and  are  not  intended  to  be  an  alternative  to  financial  measures  prepared  in  accordance  with 
GAAP. These measures are adjusted as described in the reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP in the above tables, but these 
adjustments  should  not  be  construed  as  an  inference  that  all  of  these  adjustments  or  costs  are  unusual,  infrequent  or  non-
recurring. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial 
measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Investors are advised to carefully review the GAAP financial results that are 
disclosed in our SEC filings.

72

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents were $30.9 million at July 31, 2021 as compared to $47.9 million at July 31, 2020, a decrease of 
$17.0 million. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents during fiscal 2021 was driven by the following:

•

•

•

Net cash used in operating activities was $40.6 million for fiscal 2021 as compared to net cash provided by operating 
activities  of  $52.8  million  for  fiscal  2020.  During  fiscal  2021,  in  connection  with  an  agreement  to  terminate  our 
acquisition  of  Gilat,  we  made  a  $70.0  million  payment  to  Gilat.  Excluding  such  payment,  net  cash  provided  by 
operating  activities  would  have  been  $29.4  million.  The  period-over-period  decrease  in  cash  flow  from  operating 
activities (excluding the $70.0 million payment to Gilat) reflects lower consolidated net sales and overall changes in 
net working capital requirements, principally the timing of shipments, billings and payments. 

Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2021 was $15.5 million as compared to $20.2 million for fiscal 2020. 
During  fiscal  2021,  we  paid  $0.8  million  in  connection  with  our  acquisition  of  CGC  Technology  Limited  ("CGC"). 
During  fiscal  2020,  we  paid  $13.0  million  in  connection  with  our  acquisitions  of  CGC  and  NG-911,  net  of  cash 
acquired.  The  remaining  portion  of  net  cash  used  in  both  periods  relates  to  expenditures  for  property,  plant  and 
equipment upgrades and enhancements. Also, offsetting cash used during the most recent period is $1.3 million of net 
cash acquired from our acquisition of UHP, as discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 
(2) - Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" 
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $39.1 million for fiscal 2021 as compared to net cash used in financing 
activities  of  $30.3  million  for  fiscal  2020.  During  fiscal  2021,  we  had  net  borrowings  under  our  Credit  Facility  of 
$51.5 million, primarily due to the $70.0 million payment we made to Gilat. During fiscal 2021 and 2020, we paid 
$10.3 million and $10.0 million, respectively, in cash dividends to our stockholders. We also made $2.8 million and 
$5.3 million of payments to remit employees' statutory tax withholding requirements related to the net settlement of 
stock-based awards during the fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Credit Facility is discussed below and in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (7) - Credit Facility" included 
in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our investment policy relating to our cash and cash equivalents is intended to minimize principal loss while at the same time 
maximize the income we receive without significantly increasing risk. To minimize risk, we generally invest our cash and cash 
equivalents in money market mutual funds (both government and commercial), certificates of deposit, bank deposits, and U.S. 
Treasury  securities.  Many  of  our  money  market  mutual  funds  invest  in  direct  obligations  of  the  U.S.  government,  bank 
securities  guaranteed  by  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation,  certificates  of  deposit  and  commercial  paper  and  other 
securities  issued  by  other  companies.  While  we  cannot  predict  future  market  conditions  or  market  liquidity,  we  believe  our 
investment policies are appropriate in the current environment. Ultimately, the availability of our cash and cash equivalents is 
dependent on a well-functioning liquid market.

As  of  July  31,  2021,  our  material  short-term  cash  requirements  primarily  consist  of:  (i)  capital  investments  and  tenant 
improvements  in  connection  with  the  opening  of  our  two  new  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  centers,  (ii)  interest 
payments  under  our  Credit  Facility;  (iii)  payments  related  to  lease  commitments;  (iv)  our  ongoing  working  capital  needs, 
including income tax payments and other capital expenditures; and (v) payment of accrued quarterly dividends.

In  addition  to  making  fiscal  2022  capital  investments  for  our  two  new  high-volume  manufacturing  centers,  we  plan  to  make 
significant capital expenditures to build-out cloud-based computer networks to support our NG-911 contract wins for the states 
of Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Arizona. Aggregate capital investments for these and other initiatives in fiscal 2022 are 
expected to approximate $30.0 million.

73

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (2) - Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." included in 
"Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we completed 
our  acquisition  of  UHP  on  March  2,  2021.  Pursuant  to  the  stock  purchase  agreement,  the  initial  upfront  payment  of 
approximately $24.0 million was paid mostly in shares of our common stock, with a nominal amount paid in cash. In August 
2021, approximately $4.0 million of the $5.0 million hold back amount previously placed into escrow at closing, was paid to 
the  seller  in  shares  of  our  common  stock,  as  the  conditions  pursuant  to  the  stock  purchase  agreement  were  met.  The  stock 
purchase agreement also provides for an earn-out payment of up to $9.0 million, also payable at our option in cash and or shares 
of our common stock, if specified sales milestones are reached during the eighteen-month period ending September 30, 2022.

On March 3, 2021, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC for the sale of 1,381,567 shares of our common stock by 
the selling shareholder of UHP. The shelf registration statement was declared effective by the SEC as of March 15, 2021. To-
date, we issued 1,026,567 shares pursuant to this shelf registration statement to satisfy initial payment and escrow arrangements 
under the terms of the stock purchase agreement.

In  December  2018,  we  filed  a  $400.0  million  shelf  registration  statement  with  the  SEC  for  the  sale  of  various  types  of 
securities, including debt. The shelf registration statement was declared effective by the SEC as of December 14, 2018.

As of July 31, 2021, we were authorized to repurchase up to an additional $100.0 million of our common stock, pursuant to a 
$100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program.  The  new  $100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program  has  no  time  restrictions  and 
repurchases  may  be  made  from  time  to  time  in  open-market  or  privately  negotiated  transactions,  or  by  other  means  in 
accordance with federal securities laws. There were no repurchases of our common stock during fiscal 2021 and 2020. 

On September 29, 2020, December 9, 2020, March 11, 2021 and June 8, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of 
$0.10  per  common  share,  which  was  paid  on  October  27,  2020,  February  19,  2021,  May  21,  2021  and  August  20,  2021, 
respectively. 

On October 4, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 12, 2021 to 
stockholders  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  on  October  13,  2021.  Future  Common  Stock  dividends  remain  subject  to 
compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval. 

Our material long-term cash requirements primarily consist of mandatory interest payments pursuant to our Credit Facility and 
lease commitments.

We have historically met both our short-term and long-term cash requirements with funds provided by a combination of cash 
and cash equivalent balances, cash generated from operating activities and cash generated from financing transactions. Based 
on our anticipated level of future sales and operating income, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, 
our  cash  generated  from  operating  activities  and  amounts  potentially  available  under  our  Credit  Facility  will  be  sufficient  to 
meet both our currently anticipated short-term and long-term operating cash requirements.

Although it is difficult to predict the terms and conditions of financing that may be available in the future, should our short-term 
or long-term cash requirements increase beyond our current expectations, we believe that we would have sufficient access to 
credit from financial institutions and/or financing from public and private debt and equity markets.

Credit Facility
On October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a syndicate 
of lenders.

The  Credit  Facility  provides  a  senior  secured  loan  facility  of  up  to  $550.0  million  consisting  of:  (i)  a  revolving  loan  facility 
("Revolving Loan Facility") with a borrowing limit of $300.0 million; (ii) an accordion feature allowing us to borrow up to an 
additional  $250.0  million;  (iii)  a  $35.0  million  letter  of  credit  sublimit;  and  (iv)  a  swingline  loan  credit  sublimit  of  $25.0 
million.

The Credit Facility matures on October 31, 2023 (the "Revolving Maturity Date"). If we issue new unsecured debt in excess of 
$5.0  million  with  a  maturity  date  that  is  less  than  91  days  from  October  31,  2023,  the  Revolving  Maturity  Date  would 
automatically accelerate so that it would be 91 days earlier than the maturity date of the new unsecured debt.

74

As of July 31, 2021, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $201.0 million, which is reflected in the non-current 
portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At July 31, 2021, we had $1.5 million of standby letters of credit 
outstanding  under  our  Credit  Facility  related  to  our  guarantees  of  future  performance  on  certain  customer  contracts  and  no 
outstanding  commercial  letters  of  credit.  During  fiscal  2021,  we  had  outstanding  balances  under  the  Credit  Facility  ranging 
from $125.0 million to $219.0 million.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility shall be either: (i) Alternate Base Rate borrowings, which bear interest from the applicable 
borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to (x) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined) in effect on such day, (b) the 
Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1.00% per annum and (c) the Adjusted LIBO Rate 
(as defined) on such day (or, if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1.00% per annum, 
plus (y) the Applicable Rate (as defined), or (ii) Eurodollar borrowings, which bear interest from the applicable borrowing date 
at a rate per annum equal to (x) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for such interest period plus (y) the Applicable Rate. Determination of 
the Applicable Rate is based on a pricing grid that is dependent upon our Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined) as of the end of 
each fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements have been most recently delivered.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative covenants. The Credit Facility also contains 
customary  negative  covenants,  subject  to  negotiated  exceptions,  including  but  not  limited  to:  (i)  liens,  (ii)  investments,  (iii) 
indebtedness, (iv) significant corporate changes, including mergers and acquisitions, (v) dispositions, (vi) restricted payments, 
including stockholder dividends, and (vii) certain other restrictive agreements. The Credit Facility also contains certain financial 
covenants and customary events of default (subject to grace periods, as appropriate), such as payment defaults, cross-defaults to 
other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency, the occurrence of a defined change in control and the failure to observe 
the negative covenants and other covenants related to the operation of our business. In addition, under certain circumstances, we 
may  be  required  to  enter  into  amendments  to  the  Credit  Facility  in  connection  with  any  further  syndication  of  the  Credit 
Facility.

The  Credit  Facility  provides  for,  among  other  things:  (i)  no  scheduled  payments  of  principal  until  maturity;  (ii)  a  maximum 
Secured Leverage Ratio of 3.75x trailing twelve months ("TTM") Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and 
Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") and a Maximum Total Leverage Ratio of 4.50x TTM Adjusted EBITDA, each with no step 
downs; and (iii) a Minimum Interest Expense Coverage Ratio of 3.25x TTM Adjusted EBITDA.

As  of  July  31,  2021,  our  Secured  Leverage  Ratio  was  2.53x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA  compared  to  the  maximum  allowable 
Secured  Leverage  Ratio  of  3.75x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Our  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  as  of  July  31,  2021  was 
13.05x TTM Adjusted EBITDA compared to the Minimum Interest Expense Coverage Ratio of 3.25x TTM Adjusted EBITDA.

The obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries (the "Guarantors"). 
As  collateral  security  under  the  Credit  Facility  and  the  guarantees  thereof,  we  and  the  Guarantors  have  granted  to  the 
administrative  agent,  for  the  benefit  of  the  lenders,  a  lien  on,  and  first  priority  security  interest  in,  substantially  all  of  our 
tangible and intangible assets.

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth for such terms in the Credit Facility and the Prior 
Credit Facility, which have been documented and filed with the SEC.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of July 31, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements within the meaning of  Item 303 of Regulation S-K.

75

Commitments
In  the  normal  course  of  business,  other  than  as  discussed  below,  we  routinely  enter  into  binding  and  non-binding  purchase 
obligations primarily covering anticipated purchases of inventory and equipment. We do not expect that these commitments, as 
of July 31, 2021, will materially adversely affect our liquidity.

At July 31, 2021, cash payments due under long-term obligations (including estimated interest expense on our Credit Facility), 
excluding purchase orders that we entered into in our normal course of business, are as follows:

Obligations Due by Fiscal Years or Maturity Date (in thousands)

Total

2022

2023
and
2024

Credit Facility - principal payments

$  201,000 

— 

201,000 

Credit Facility - interest payments
Operating and finance lease obligations

Contractual cash obligations

11,537 
56,705 

$  269,242 

5,133 
10,408 

15,541 

6,404 
14,689 

222,093 

2025
and
2026

— 

— 
10,798 

10,798 

After
2026

— 

— 
20,810 

20,810 

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (7) - Credit Facility" included in "Part II - Item 8. - 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Credit Facility provides a 
senior secured loan facility of up to $550.0 million consisting of: (i) a revolving loan facility ("Revolving Loan Facility") with a 
borrowing limit of $300.0 million; (ii) an accordion feature allowing us to borrow up to an additional $250.0 million; (iii) a 
$35.0 million letter of credit sublimit; and (iv) a swingline loan credit sublimit of $25.0 million. The Credit Facility matures on 
October 31, 2023 (the "Revolving Maturity Date"). In addition, if we issue new unsecured debt in excess of $5.0 million with a 
maturity date that is less than 91 days from October 31, 2023, the Revolving Maturity Date would automatically accelerate so 
that it would be 91 days earlier than the maturity date of the new unsecured debt. At July 31, 2021, we have approximately $1.5 
million  of  standby  letters  of  credit  outstanding  under  our  Credit  Facility  related  to  our  guarantees  of  future  performance  on 
certain customer contracts. Such amounts are not included in the above table.

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (15) - Stockholders’ Equity" included in "Part II - 
Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, on October 4, 2021, 
our  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  of  $0.10  per  common  share,  payable  on  November  12,  2021  to  stockholders  of 
record  at  the  close  of  business  on  October  13,  2021.  Future  Common  Stock  dividends  remain  subject  to  compliance  with 
financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval.

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (2) - Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." included in 
"Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we completed 
our  acquisition  of  UHP  on  March  2,  2021.  Pursuant  to  the  stock  purchase  agreement,  the  initial  upfront  payment  of 
approximately $24.0 million was paid mostly in shares of our common stock, with a nominal amount paid in cash. In August 
2021, approximately $4.0 million of the $5.0 million hold back amount previously placed into escrow at closing, was paid to 
the  seller  in  shares  of  our  common  stock,  as  the  conditions  pursuant  to  the  stock  purchase  agreement  were  met.  The  stock 
purchase agreement also provides for an earn-out payment of up to $9.0 million, also payable at our option in cash and or shares 
of our common stock, if specified sales milestones are reached during the eighteen-month period ending September 30, 2022.

In the ordinary course of business, we include indemnification provisions in certain of our customer contracts. Pursuant to these 
agreements,  we  have  agreed  to  indemnify,  hold  harmless  and  reimburse  the  indemnified  party  for  certain  losses  suffered  or 
incurred by the indemnified party, including but not limited to losses related to third-party intellectual property claims. It is not 
possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these agreements due to a history of nominal claims in the Comtech 
legacy business and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. 

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (12) - Commitments and Contingencies," included 
in "Part II - Item 8.- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are 
subject to a number of indemnification demands and we are incurring ongoing legal expenses in connection with these matters. 
Our insurance policies may not cover the cost of defending indemnification claims or providing indemnification. As a result, 
pending or future claims asserted against us by a party that we have agreed to indemnify could result in legal costs and damages 
that could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We  have  change  in  control  agreements,  severance  agreements  and  indemnification  agreements  with  certain  of  our  executive 
officers and certain key employees. All of these agreements may require payments by us, in certain circumstances, including, 
but not limited to, a change in control of our Company or an involuntary termination of employment without cause. These costs 
are not included in the above table.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at July 31, 2021 includes total liabilities of $9.2 million for uncertain tax positions, including 
interest, any or all of which may result in a cash payment. The future payments related to uncertain tax positions have not been 
presented in the table above due to the uncertainty of the amounts and timing of any potential cash settlement with the taxing 
authorities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We are required to prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
("FASB")  Accounting  Standards  Codification  ("ASC")  which  is  the  source  for  all  authoritative  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, which is commonly referred to as "GAAP." The FASB ASC is subject to updates by the FASB, which 
are known as Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). 

As  further  discussed  in  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  –  Note  (1)(n)  -  Adoption  of  Accounting  Standards  and 
Updates" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K, during fiscal 2021, we adopted:

• FASB  ASU  No.  2016-13,  which  requires  companies  to  utilize  an  impairment  model  (current  expected  credit  loss 
("CECL"))  for  most  financial  assets  measured  at  amortized  cost  and  certain  other  financial  instruments,  which 
include, but are not limited to trade receivables and contract assets. This accounting standard replaced the incurred 
loss  model  with  a  model  that  reflects  expected  credit  losses  and  requires  consideration  of  a  broader  range  of 
reasonable  and  supportable  information  to  estimate  those  losses.  On  August  1,  2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU  on  a 
modified-retrospective basis and recorded a $0.2 million decrease to opening retained earnings.

• FASB ASU No. 2018-13, which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements in Topic 820. On 
August  1,  2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU.  Our  adoption  of  this  ASU  did  not  have  any  impact  on  our  consolidated 
financial statements or disclosures.

• FASB ASU No. 2018-15, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting 
arrangement  that  is  a  service  contract  with  the  requirements  for  capitalizing  implementation  costs  incurred  to 
develop or obtain internal use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). The 
accounting  for  the  service  element  of  a  hosting  arrangement  that  is  a  service  contract  is  not  affected  by  the 
amendments in this ASU. On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU. Our adoption of this ASU did not have any 
impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

• FASB  ASU  No.  2018-17,  which  requires  entities  to  consider  indirect  interests  held  through  related  parties  under 
common  control  on  a  proportional  basis,  rather  than  as  the  equivalent  of  a  direct  interest  in  its  entirety,  when 
determining  whether  a  decision-making  fee  is  a  variable  interest.  On  August  1,  2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU.  Our 
adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

• FASB ASU No. 2018-18, which clarifies when certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants 
should be accounted for under ASC 606 and incorporates unit-of-account guidance consistent with ASC 606 to aid 
in  this  determination.  The  ASU  also  precludes  entities  from  presenting  consideration  from  transactions  with  a 
collaborator that is not a customer together with revenue recognized from contracts with customers. On August 1, 
2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU.  Our  adoption  of  this  ASU  did  not  have  any  impact  on  our  consolidated  financial 
statements or disclosures.

• FASB ASU No. 2019-08, which requires that an entity measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to 
a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. The amount recorded as a reduction of the transaction price is 
required to be measured on the basis of the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment award. On August 1, 
2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU.  Our  adoption  of  this  ASU  did  not  have  any  impact  on  our  consolidated  financial 
statements or disclosures.

77

In addition, the following FASB ASUs have been issued and incorporated into the FASB ASC and have not yet been adopted 
by us as of July 31, 2021:

•

•

FASB ASU No. 2019-12, issued in December 2019 is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for 
income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and 
amends  existing  guidance  to  improve  consistent  application.  This  ASU  is  effective  for  fiscal  years  beginning  after 
December 15, 2020. Our adoption of this ASU on August 1, 2021 did not have a material impact on our consolidated 
financial statements or disclosures.

FASB  ASU  No.  2020-01,  issued  in  January  2020,  clarifies  the  interactions  between  Topics  321,  323  and  815.  This 
ASU clarifies that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the 
equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with Topic 321 
immediately  before  applying  or  upon  discontinuing  the  equity  method.  In  addition,  the  amendments  clarify  the 
accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under Topic 815. This ASU is effective 
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Our adoption of this ASU on August 1, 2021 did not impact our 
consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates primarily from borrowings under our 
Credit Facility. Based on the amount of outstanding debt under our Credit Facility, a hypothetical change in interest rates by 
10% would change interest expense by approximately $0.5 million over a one-year period. Although we do not currently use 
interest  rate  derivative  instruments  to  manage  exposure  to  interest  rate  changes,  we  may  choose  to  do  so  in  the  future  in 
connection with our Credit Facility.

Our earnings and cash flows are also subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates on our investment of available cash 
balances. As of July 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $30.9 million, which consisted of cash and highly-liquid 
money market deposit accounts. Many of these investments are subject to fluctuations in interest rates, which could impact our 
results. Based on our investment portfolio balance as of July 31, 2021, a hypothetical change in interest rates of 10% would 
have a nominal impact on interest income over a one-year period. Ultimately, the availability of our cash and cash equivalents 
is dependent on a well-functioning liquid market. 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reports  of  Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  Notes  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements and Related Financial Schedule are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule 
annexed hereto.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

78

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and 
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures was carried out by us under the supervision and with the participation of our 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were 
effective as of the end of the period covered by the report to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be 
disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, 
as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A system of controls, no matter how well designed and 
operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the system of controls are met, and no evaluation of controls 
can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  defined  in 
Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934.  Our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a 
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. All internal control systems, no 
matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only 
reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial  statement  preparation  and  presentation.  Also,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or 
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  July  31,  2021.  In  making  this 
assessment,  we  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission 
("COSO")  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013).  Based  on  our  assessment,  we  determined  that,  as  of  July  31, 
2021, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

Deloitte  and  Touche  LLP,  our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  has  performed  an  audit  of  our  internal  control 
over financial reporting as of July 31, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued  by  the  COSO.  This  audit  is  required  to  be  performed  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company 
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our independent auditors were given unrestricted access to all financial records 
and related data. Deloitte’s audit reports appear on pages F-2 and F-3 of this annual report.

Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under 
the Exchange Act that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2021, that have materially affected, or are reasonably 
likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

As described in the supplement to the Company’s Proxy Statement for Fiscal 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders filed with 
the  SEC  on  December  1,  2020,  on  November  30,  2020,  our  Executive  Compensation  Committee  approved  amending  all 
existing change-in-control agreements to reflect feedback and recommendations of Institutional Shareholder Services regarding 
payments  and  benefits  provided  under  such  agreements  (the  “2020  Amendments”).  In  addition  to  the  changes  previously 
disclosed,  the  2020  Amendments  also  provided  that,  for  our  executive  officers  who  are  parties  to  Tier  1  change-in-control 
agreements  (including  Messrs.  Fred  Kornberg,  Michael  Porcelain  and  Michael  Bondi)  (such  agreements,  the  “Amended  CIC 
Agreements”),  in  the  event  that  the  officer’s  employment  is  terminated  by  us  without  cause  or  terminated  by  the  officer  for 
"good reason" or "modified good reason" (as defined in the agreement), the "performance awards" (as defined in the agreement) 
will vest at the maximum level of performance. 

The  foregoing  description  of  the  Amended  CIC  Agreements  in  this  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  is  a  summary  of,  and  is 
qualified in its entirety by, the terms of the Amended CIC Agreement.  A copy of the form of the Amended CIC Agreement is 
attached hereto as Exhibit 10.(l)(1) and incorporated herein by reference.

79

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Certain  information  concerning  directors  and  officers  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  our  Proxy  Statement  for  the  Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more 
than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information regarding executive compensation is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information  regarding  securities  authorized  for  issuance  under  equity  compensation  plans  and  certain  information  regarding 
security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which 
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS,
AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which 
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information regarding principal accountant fees and services is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

80

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)  (1) The Registrant’s financial statements together with a separate index are annexed hereto.

(2) The Financial Statement Schedule listed in a separate index is annexed hereto.
(3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed below.

Exhibit
Number
3(a)(i)

3(a)(ii)

4(a)(vi)

10(a)(1)*

10(a)(2)*

10(b)*

10(c)*

10(d)(1)*

10(d)(2)*

Description of Exhibit
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit
Exhibit 3(a)(i) to the Registrant’s 2006 
Form 10-K 

Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, as of 
September 26, 2017 

Exhibit 3(a)(ii) to the Registrant’s 2017 
Form 10-K 

Description of Comtech Telecommunication Corp.'s Securities 
Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act

Seventh Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated 
March 4, 2020, between the Registrant and Fred Kornberg

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed March 4, 2020

Lease agreement, dated September 23, 2011, on the Melville, 
New York Facility

Exhibit 10(s) to the Registrant's 2011 
Form 10-K

Second Amended and Restated 2001 Employee Stock Purchase 
Plan

Exhibit A to the Registrant’s Proxy 
Statement, filed November 16, 2018

2000 Stock Incentive Plan, Amended and Restated, Effective 
November 15, 2019, as amended effective August 4, 2020, as 
further amended August 10, 2021
Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the 2000 Stock 
Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(f)(7) to the Registrant’s 2005 
Form 10-K

Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2020

Exhibit 10(d)(3) to the Registrant's Form 
2020 Form 10-K

10(e)*

Form of Performance Share Agreement pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(s) to the Registrant’s 2012 Form 
10-K

10(f)(1)*

Form of Long-Term Performance Share Award Agreement 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2018

Exhibit 10(f)(2) to the Registrant's 2019 
Form 10-K

10(g)(1)*

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employees pursuant to 
the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(y) to the Registrant’s 2016 Form 
10-K

10(g)(2)*

10(g)(3)*

10(h)(1)*

10(h)(2)*

10(h)(3)*

10(h)(4)*

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(ab) to the Registrant’s 2016 
Form 10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2019

Exhibit 10(g)(3) to the Registrant's 2019 
Form 10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2017

Exhibit 10(h)(1) to the Registrant’s 2017 
Form 10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2016

Exhibit 10(z) to the Registrant’s 2016 Form 
10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-employee 
Directors pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 7, 2012

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(aa) to the Registrant’s 2016 
Form 10-K

10(h)(5)*

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2013

Exhibit 10(x) to the Registrant's 2013 Form 
10-K

81

 
Exhibit
Number
10(h)(6)*

Description of Exhibit
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2020

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 3, 2020

10(i)(1)*

Form of Stock Unit Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 7, 2012

10(i)(2)*

Form of Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 Stock 
Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(v) to the Registrant's 2013 Form 
10-K

10(j)(1)*

Form of Share Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Employees pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed December 9, 2013

10(j)(2)*

Form of Share Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Employees pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2018

Exhibit 10(j)(2) to the Registrant's 2018 
Form 10-K

10(k)*

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and 
the Named Executive Officers and Certain Other Executive 
Officers

Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed 
on March 8, 2007

10(l)(1)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 1)

10(l)(2)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers 

10(l)(3)*

10(l)(4)*

10(l)(5)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (California 
Employees)

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (Divisional/
Subsidiary Presidents)

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (California 
Divisional/Subsidiary Presidents)

Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

10(l)(6)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 3) between the 
Registrant and Certain Non-Executive Officers

Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

10(m)*

Retirement and Transition Agreement

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed December 4, 2019

10(n)

10(o)

21

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 22, 2015, 
among Comtech Telecommunications Corp., Typhoon 
Acquisition Corp. and TeleCommunication Systems, Inc.

Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed November 23, 2015

First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of 
October 31, 2018, among Comtech Telecommunications Corp., 
the lenders party thereto and Citibank N.A., as administrative 
agent, issuing bank and swingline lender.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed November 5, 2018

23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

82

 
 
 
Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit

Exhibit
Number
31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

101.INS

Description of Exhibit
Certification of CEO and Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of CEO and Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The following financial statements from the Company's Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, 
formatted in inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) 
Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated 
Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statement 
of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 
Document
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 
Document

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 
Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline 
XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

October 4, 2021
(Date)

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

By:  /s/Fred Kornberg                                              
Fred Kornberg, Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the  following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Fred Kornberg
Fred Kornberg

Chairman of the Board

Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Michael A. Bondi
Michael A. Bondi

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Judy Chambers
Judy Chambers

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Edwin Kantor
Edwin Kantor

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Ira S. Kaplan
Ira S. Kaplan

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Lisa Lesavoy
Lisa Lesavoy

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Robert G. Paul
Robert G. Paul

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Dr. Yacov A. Shamash
Dr. Yacov A. Shamash

Director

October 4, 2021
(Date)

/s/Lawrence J. Waldman
Lawrence J. Waldman

Director

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2021 and 2020

Statements of Operations for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 31, 
2021

Statements of Stockholders' Equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended 
July 31, 2021

Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 31, 
2021

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Additional Financial Information Pursuant to the Requirements of Form 10-K:

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are either not applicable or the required 
information has been provided elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

Page
F-2

F-5

F-6

F-7

F-8

F-10

S-1

F - 1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of 
Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
Melville, New York

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Comtech  Telecommunications  Corp.  and  subsidiaries  (the 
"Company") as of July 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for 
each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  July  31,  2021,  and  the  related  notes  and  the  schedule  listed  in  the  Index  at  Item  15 
(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the 
financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three 
years in the period ended July 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  July  31,  2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  — 
Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated 
October 4, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our 
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or 
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding 
the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and 
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current-period  audit  of  the  financial  statements  that  was 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to 
the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical 
audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the 
critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Net Sales – Over Time Accounting Using the Cost-to-Cost Measure for Specific Identified Material Contracts — Refer to Note 1 to 
the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matter Description

The  Company’s  determination  of  revenue  recognition  for  specific  identified  material  contracts  accounted  for  over  time  involves 
estimating the total costs needed to complete the specific identified contracts and updating those estimates throughout the life of those 
specific identified contracts. This requires management to make significant estimates related to forecasts of future costs for the identified 
specific  contracts.  Changes  in  these  estimates  for  the  identified  specific  contracts  could  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  Company's 
results of operations.

Given the significant judgment and estimates used in management’s projections, auditing the Company’s estimates at completion and 
estimates to completion involved especially subjective judgment. 

F - 2

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s determination of revenue recognition for specific identified material contracts accounted 
for over time included the following, among others: 

• We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the controls over the development of the initial contract cost to complete 

estimate and monitoring of estimates at completion and estimates to completion.  

•

For each specific identified material contract selected, we performed the following: 

◦

◦

◦

◦

◦

◦

Evaluated whether the contract was properly included in management’s calculation of overtime revenue based on the 
terms and conditions of each contract, including whether continuous transfer of control to the customer occurred as 
progress was made toward fulfilling the performance obligation.

Compared the transaction prices to the consideration expected to be received based on current rights and obligations 
under the contracts and any modifications that were agreed upon with the customers. 

Tested management’s identification of distinct performance obligations by evaluating whether the underlying goods, 
services, or both were highly interdependent and interrelated. 

Evaluated the estimates of total cost and profit for the performance obligation by:

▪

▪

▪

Performing  a  retrospective  review  by  comparing  the  estimated  margins  at  contract  inception  to  the  actual 
margins as of year-end in order to assess management’s ability to accurately estimate costs.     

Inquiring  and  corroborating  the  estimates  to  complete  and  the  estimates  at  completion  with  the  Project 
Manager  (i.e.,  someone  outside  of  Finance/Accounting)  to  understand  significant  variances  in  costs  and 
completeness of the estimates at completion and estimates to completion.  

Testing the estimates to complete through a combination of tests of details, in which we selected individual 
costs within the estimate to complete and obtained supporting documentation, and where we developed an 
expectation of the estimate to complete and compared it to the recorded balance. 

Tested the accuracy and completeness of costs incurred during the current fiscal year. This testing included agreeing 
labor costs to employee timesheets and agreeing the labor rate to either rates agreed upon with the customer in the 
contract or rates from the Company's payroll records.

Tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of revenue for the performance obligation.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Jericho, New York
October 4, 2021

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015. 

F - 3

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
Melville, New York

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") 
as  of  July  31,  2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO).  In  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects, 
effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  July  31,  2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in Internal  Control  —  Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended July 31, 2021, of the Company and 
our report dated October 4, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of 
the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control 
Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on 
our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company 
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission 
and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our 
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the 
maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the 
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 
accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in 
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention 
or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  company’s  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on  the 
financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of 
any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Jericho, New York
October 4, 2021

F - 4

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of July 31, 2021 and 2020

Assets

2021

2020

Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable, net
Inventories, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
Goodwill
Intangibles with finite lives, net
Deferred financing costs, net
Other assets, net

Total assets

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Operating lease liabilities, current
Dividends payable
Contract liabilities
Interest payable

Total current liabilities

Non-current portion of long-term debt, net
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
Income taxes payable
Deferred tax liability, net
Long-term contract liabilities
Other liabilities

Total liabilities
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share; shares authorized and unissued 2,000,000
Common  stock,  par  value  $0.10  per  share;  authorized  100,000,000  shares;  issued 
41,281,812 shares and 39,924,439 shares at July 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings

Less:

Treasury stock, at cost (15,033,317 shares at July 31, 2021 and 2020)

Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$ 

30,861,000 
158,110,000 
80,358,000 
18,167,000 
287,496,000 
35,286,000 
44,486,000 
347,698,000 
268,699,000 
1,824,000 
7,622,000 
$  993,111,000 

$ 

36,193,000 
89,601,000 
8,841,000 
2,601,000 
66,130,000 
195,000 
203,561,000 
201,000,000 
39,569,000 
2,717,000 
21,230,000 
9,808,000 
14,507,000 
492,392,000 

47,878,000 
126,816,000 
82,302,000 
20,101,000 
277,097,000 
27,037,000 
30,033,000 
330,519,000 
258,019,000 
2,391,000 
4,551,000 
929,647,000 

23,423,000 
85,161,000 
8,247,000 
2,468,000 
40,250,000 
163,000 
159,712,000 
149,500,000 
24,109,000 
1,963,000 
17,637,000 
9,596,000 
17,831,000 
380,348,000 

— 

— 

4,128,000 
605,439,000 
333,001,000 
942,568,000 

3,992,000 
569,891,000 
417,265,000 
991,148,000 

(441,849,000)   
500,719,000 
$  993,111,000 

(441,849,000) 
549,299,000 
929,647,000 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 

Net sales

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Expenses:

Selling, general and administrative

Research and development

Amortization of intangibles

Settlement of intellectual property litigation

Acquisition plan expenses

2021

2020

2019

$  581,695,000 

616,715,000 

671,797,000 

367,737,000 

389,882,000 

424,357,000 

213,958,000 

226,833,000 

247,440,000 

111,796,000 

117,130,000 

128,639,000 

49,148,000 

21,020,000 

— 

52,180,000 

21,595,000 

56,407,000 

18,320,000 

— 

(3,204,000) 

100,292,000 

20,754,000 

5,871,000 

282,256,000 

211,659,000 

206,033,000 

Operating (loss) income

(68,298,000)   

15,174,000 

41,407,000 

Other expenses (income):

Interest expense

       Write-off of deferred financing costs

Interest (income) and other

6,821,000 

6,054,000 

— 

— 

9,245,000 

3,217,000 

(139,000)   

(190,000)   

35,000 

(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes

(74,980,000)   

9,310,000 

28,910,000 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

(1,500,000)   

2,290,000 

3,869,000 

Net (loss) income

Net (loss) income per share:

Basic

Diluted

$ 

(73,480,000)   

7,020,000 

25,041,000 

$ 

$ 

(2.86)   

(2.86)   

0.28 

0.28 

1.04 

1.03 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic

25,685,000 

24,798,000 

24,124,000 

Weighted average number of common and common equivalent 

shares outstanding – diluted

25,685,000 

24,899,000 

24,302,000 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.

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-
F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by 
operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives
Amortization of stock-based compensation
Amortization of deferred financing costs
Estimated contract settlement costs
Write-off of deferred financing costs
Settlement of intellectual property litigation
Changes in other liabilities
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
(Benefit from) provision for allowance for doubtful accounts
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense
Other
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:

Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Contract liabilities
Other liabilities, non-current
Interest payable
Income taxes payable

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Net cash acquired from acquisition of UHP
Payment for acquisition of CGC, net of cash acquired
Payment for acquisition of Solacom, net of cash acquired
Payment for acquisition of the GD NG-911 business
Payment for acquisition of NG-911 Inc.
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net borrowings (payments) of long-term debt under Credit Facility
Net payments under Revolving Loan portion of Prior Credit Facility
Repayment of debt under Term Loan portion of Prior Credit Facility
Remittance of employees' statutory tax withholding for stock awards
Cash dividends paid
Repayment of principal amounts under finance lease and other obligations
Payment of deferred financing costs
Proceeds from issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares
Proceeds from exercises of stock options
Payment of shelf registration costs

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

F - 8

2021

2020

2019

$ 

(73,480,000) 

7,020,000 

25,041,000 

9,379,000 
21,020,000 
9,983,000 
736,000 
— 
— 
— 
(6,633,000) 
215,000 
(18,000) 
4,364,000 
(3,263,000) 
(225,000) 

(31,223,000) 
(2,338,000) 
(265,000) 
(4,215,000) 
11,016,000 
(7,886,000) 
25,444,000 
3,583,000 
32,000 
3,136,000 
(40,638,000) 

1,304,000 
(750,000) 
— 
— 
— 
(16,037,000) 
(15,483,000) 

51,500,000 
— 
— 
(2,803,000) 
(10,334,000) 
(38,000) 
(30,000) 
809,000 
— 
— 
39,104,000 

10,561,000 
21,595,000 
9,275,000 
737,000 
444,000 
— 
— 
(4,133,000) 
— 
(431,000) 
1,647,000 
860,000 
— 

20,929,000 
(9,132,000) 
(2,261,000) 
(719,000) 
(2,206,000) 
4,292,000 
(6,312,000) 
2,422,000 
(397,000) 
(1,427,000) 
52,764,000 

— 
(11,165,000) 
— 
(1,013,000) 
(781,000) 
(7,225,000) 
(20,184,000) 

(15,500,000) 
— 
— 
(5,276,000) 
(10,020,000) 
(805,000) 
— 
855,000 
468,000 
— 
(30,278,000) 

11,927,000 
18,320,000 
11,427,000 
1,099,000 
6,351,000 
3,217,000 
(3,204,000) 
(1,056,000) 
144,000 
1,136,000 
6,015,000 
4,283,000 
— 

6,315,000 
(3,787,000) 
915,000 
102,000 
(21,290,000) 
3,554,000 
(127,000) 
(84,000) 
151,000 
(2,418,000) 
68,031,000 

— 
— 
(25,883,000) 
(10,000,000) 
— 
(8,785,000) 
(44,668,000) 

  165,000,000 
(48,603,000) 
  (120,121,000) 
(5,042,000) 
(9,789,000) 
(1,906,000) 
(1,813,000) 
935,000 
216,000 
(148,000) 
(21,271,000) 
(Continued)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental cash flow disclosure
Cash paid (received) during the year for:

Interest
Income taxes, net

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Reclass of finance lease right-of-use assets to property, plant and equipment

2021

$ 

$ 

(17,017,000)   
47,878,000 
30,861,000 

2020
2,302,000 
45,576,000 
47,878,000 

2019
2,092,000 
43,484,000 
45,576,000 

$ 
$ 

$ 

5,987,000 
(1,373,000)   

5,549,000 
2,875,000 

7,669,000 
2,005,000 

— 

698,000 

— 

Accrued remittance of employees' statutory tax withholdings for fully-vested 
share units

$ 

2,596,000 

1,399,000 

1,787,000 

Cash dividends declared but unpaid (including accrual of dividend 
equivalents)

Accrued additions to property, plant and equipment

Issuance of restricted stock

Common stock issued for acquisitions

Fair value of UHP acquisition contingent earn-out consideration

Accrued deferred financing costs

Accruals related to acquisitions

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,981,000 

2,762,000 

2,733,000 

2,466,000 

1,408,000 

902,000 

4,000 

— 

1,000 

28,892,000 

11,575,000 

5,606,000 

8,500,000 

139,000 

— 

— 

— 

1,157,000 

— 

— 

— 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and 
its  subsidiaries  ("Comtech,"  "we,"  "us,"  or  "our"),  all  of  which  are  wholly-owned.  All  significant  intercompany 
balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Nature of Business

We  design,  develop,  produce  and  market  innovative  products,  systems  and  services  for  advanced  communications 
solutions.  We  conduct  our  business  through  two  reportable  operating  segments:  Commercial  Solutions  and 
Government Solutions.

Our business is highly competitive and characterized by rapid technological change. Our growth and financial position 
depends  on  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  such  changes  and  developments  and  to  respond  to  the  sophisticated 
requirements of an increasing variety of secure wireless communications technology users, among other things. Many 
of our competitors are substantially larger, and have significantly greater financial, marketing and operating resources 
and broader product lines than our own. A significant technological or sales breakthrough by others, including smaller 
competitors  or  new  companies,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business.  In  addition,  certain  of  our 
customers  have  technological  capabilities  in  our  product  areas  and  could  choose  to  replace  our  products  with  their 
own.

International  sales  expose  us  to  certain  risks,  including  barriers  to  trade,  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency  exchange 
rates (which may make our products less price competitive), political and economic instability, availability of suitable 
export  financing,  export  license  requirements,  tariff  regulations,  and  other  United  States  ("U.S.")  and  foreign 
regulations that may apply to the export of our products, as well as the generally greater difficulties of doing business 
abroad. We attempt to reduce the risk of doing business in foreign countries by seeking contracts denominated in U.S. 
dollars, advance or milestone payments, credit insurance and irrevocable letters of credit in our favor.

On October 4, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors has appointed Michael D. Porcelain, our President and 
Chief Operating Officer, to be Chief Executive Officer, taking over from Fred Kornberg after a short transition period.  
The change of leadership is expected to occur by the end of calendar 2021, at which point Mr. Porcelain will also join 
our Board of Directors and continue as President. Mr. Kornberg will serve as non-executive Chairman of the Board 
and is expect to take on a technology advisory role. Costs associated with this leadership transition will be announced 
once they are finalized.

F - 10

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(c) Revenue Recognition

In accordance with FASB ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), we record revenue in an 
amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to 
customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify 
our  performance  obligations  in  our  contract;  (3)  determine  the  transaction  price  for  our  contract;  (4)  allocate  the 
transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue using one of the following two methods: 

•

•

Over time - We recognize revenue using the over time method when there is a continuous transfer of control 
to the customer over the contractual period of performance. This generally occurs when we enter into a long-
term  contract  relating  to  the  design,  development  or  manufacture  of  complex  equipment  or  technology 
platforms  to  a  buyer’s  specification  (or  to  provide  services  related  to  the  performance  of  such  contracts). 
Continuous  transfer  of  control  is  typically  supported  by  contract  clauses  which  allow  our  customers  to 
unilaterally  terminate  a  contract  for  convenience,  pay  for  costs  incurred  plus  a  reasonable  profit  and  take 
control of work-in-process. Revenue recognized over time is generally based on the extent of progress toward 
completion of the related performance obligations. The selection of the method to measure progress requires 
judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. In certain instances, typically for 
firm fixed-price contracts, we use the cost-to-cost measure because it best depicts the transfer of control to the 
customer  which  occurs  as  we  incur  costs  on  our  contracts.  Under  the  cost-to-cost  measure,  the  extent  of 
progress  toward  completion  is  measured  based  on  the  ratio  of  costs  incurred  to  date  to  the  total  estimated 
costs  at  completion,  including  warranty  costs.  Revenues,  including  estimated  fees  or  profits,  are  recorded 
proportionally  as  costs  are  incurred.  Costs  to  fulfill  generally  include  direct  labor,  materials,  subcontractor 
costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. When these contracts are modified, the additional 
goods or services are generally not distinct from those already provided. As a result, these modifications form 
part  of  an  existing  contract  and  we  must  update  the  transaction  price  and  our  measure  of  progress  for  the 
single performance obligation and recognize a cumulative catch-up to revenue and gross profits.

For over time contracts using a cost-to-cost measure of progress, we have an estimate at completion ("EAC") 
process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. This EAC 
process requires management judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenue and costs, and 
making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. Since certain contracts extend over a long period of 
time, the impact of revisions in revenue and or cost estimates during the progress of work may impact current 
period  earnings  through  a  cumulative  adjustment.  Additionally,  if  the  EAC  process  indicates  a  loss,  a 
provision  is  made  for  the  total  anticipated  loss  in  the  period  that  it  becomes  evident.  Contract  revenue  and 
cost estimates for significant contracts are generally reviewed and reassessed at least quarterly.

The  cost-to-cost  method  is  principally  used  to  account  for  contracts  in  our  Government  Solutions  segment 
and, to a lesser extent, certain location-based and messaging infrastructure contracts in our public safety and 
location technologies product line within our Commercial Solutions segment. For service-based contracts in 
our public safety and location technologies product line, we also recognize revenue over time. These services 
are  typically  recognized  as  a  series  of  services  performed  over  the  contract  term  using  the  straight-line 
method, or based on our customers’ actual usage of the networks and platforms which we provide.

Point in time - When a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, we must record revenue using the 
point  in  time  accounting  method  which  generally  results  in  revenue  being  recognized  upon  shipment  or 
delivery of a promised good or service to a customer. This generally occurs when we enter into short term 
contracts or purchase orders where items are provided to customers with relatively quick turn-around times. 
Modifications to such contracts and or purchase orders, which typically provide for additional quantities or 
services, are accounted for as a new contract because the pricing for these additional quantities or services are 
based on standalone selling prices.

F - 11

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Point in time accounting is principally applied to contracts in our satellite ground station technologies product 
line (which includes satellite modems, solid-state and traveling wave tube amplifiers) and certain contracts for 
our  solid-state,  high-power  RF  amplifiers  in  our  Government  Solutions  segment.  The  contracts  related  to 
these  product  lines  do  not  meet  the  requirements  for  over  time  revenue  recognition  because  our  customers 
cannot  utilize  the  equipment  for  its  intended  purpose  during  any  phase  of  our  manufacturing  process; 
customers  do  not  simultaneously  receive  and  or  consume  the  benefits  provided  by  our  performance; 
customers do not control the asset (i.e., prior to delivery, customers cannot direct the use of the asset, sell or 
exchange the equipment, etc.); and, although many of our contracts have termination for convenience clauses 
and or an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, our performance creates an asset 
with an alternative use through the point of delivery.

In determining that our equipment has alternative use, we considered the underlying manufacturing process 
for  our  products.  In  the  early  phases  of  manufacturing,  raw  materials  and  work  in  process  (including 
subassemblies) consist of common parts that are highly fungible among many different types of products and 
customer applications. Finished products are either configured to our standard configuration or based on our 
customers’  specifications.  Finished  products,  whether  built  to  our  standard  specification  or  to  a  customers’ 
specification,  can  be  sold  to  a  variety  of  customers  and  across  many  different  end  use  applications  with 
minimal rework, if needed, and without incurring a significant economic loss.

When identifying a contract with our customer, we consider when it has approval and commitment from both parties, 
if  the  rights  of  the  parties  are  identified,  if  the  payment  terms  are  identified,  if  it  has  commercial  substance  and  if 
collectability is probable.

When identifying performance obligations, we consider whether there are multiple promises and how to account for 
them. In our contracts, multiple promises are separated if they are distinct, both individually and in the context of the 
contract. If multiple promises in a contract are highly interrelated or comprise a series of distinct services performed 
over time, they are combined into a single performance obligation. In some cases, we may also provide the customer 
with  an  additional  service-type  warranty,  which  we  recognize  as  a  separate  performance  obligation.  Service-type 
warranties do not represent a significant portion of our consolidated net sales. When service-type warranties represent 
a separate performance obligation, the revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the extended warranty period. 
Our contracts, from time-to-time, may also include options for additional goods and services. To date, these options 
have  not  represented  material  rights  to  the  customer  as  the  pricing  for  them  reflects  standalone  selling  prices.  As  a 
result, we do not consider options we offer to be performance obligations for which we must allocate a portion of the 
transaction price. In many cases, we provide assurance-type warranty coverage for some of our products for a period 
of at least one year from the date of delivery.

When  identifying  the  transaction  price,  we  typically  utilize  the  contract's  stated  price  as  a  starting  point.  The 
transaction  price  in  certain  arrangements  may  include  estimated  amounts  of  variable  consideration,  including  award 
fees, incentive fees or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. We estimate variable 
consideration as the amount to which we expect to be entitled, and we include estimated amounts in the transaction 
price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the 
estimation  uncertainty  is  resolved.  The  estimation  of  this  variable  consideration  and  determination  of  whether  to 
include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance 
and all information (e.g., historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

When allocating the contract’s transaction price, we consider each distinct performance obligation. For contracts with 
multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our 
best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. We determine standalone 
selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is 
not  observable  through  past  transactions,  we  estimate  the  standalone  selling  price  taking  into  account  available 
information  such  as  market  conditions,  including  geographic  or  regional  specific  factors,  competitive  positioning, 
internal costs, profit objectives and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. 

F - 12

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Most of our contracts with customers are denominated in U.S. dollars and typically are either firm fixed-price or cost 
reimbursable type contracts (including fixed-fee, incentive-fee and time-and-material type contracts). In almost all of 
our contracts with customers, we are the principal in the arrangement and report revenue on a gross basis. Transaction 
prices  for  contracts  with  U.S.  domestic  and  international  customers  are  usually  based  on  specific  negotiations  with 
each customer and in the case of the U.S. government, sometimes based on estimated or actual costs of providing the 
goods or services in accordance with applicable regulations. Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of 
consolidated net sales, are as follows:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2020

2019

2021

United States
U.S. government
Domestic

Total United States

International
Total

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

 40.1 %
 34.5 %
 74.6 %

 23.9 %
 100.0 %

 23.5 %
 100.0 %

 25.4 %
 100.0 %

Sales  to  U.S.  government  customers  include  sales  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD"),  intelligence  and 
civilian agencies, as well as sales directly to or through prime contractors. Domestic sales include sales to commercial 
customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic  sales  are  sales  to  Verizon 
Communications Inc. ("Verizon"). Sales to Verizon were 10.7% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021. Except for 
the U.S. government, there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales during fiscal 
2020 and 2019. International sales for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for 
inclusion  in  products  that  are  sold  to  international  customers)  were  $138,942,000,  $145,107,000  and  $170,607,000, 
respectively. Except for the U.S., no individual country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in 
products that are sold to a foreign country) represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021, 2020 
and 2019. 

The  following  tables  summarize  our  disaggregation  of  revenue  consistent  with  information  reviewed  by  our  chief 
operating  decision-maker  ("CODM")  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019.  We  believe  these 
categories  best  depict  how  the  nature,  amount,  timing  and  uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  are  affected  by 
economic factors which impact our business:

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control

Point in time

Over time

Total

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Total

$ 

52,976,000 

148,105,000  $ 

201,081,000 

210,493,000 

263,469,000 

96,677,000 

360,146,000 

357,521,000 

2,625,000 

360,146,000 

141,707,000 

218,439,000 

360,146,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

F - 13

31,178,000 

179,283,000 

241,671,000 

442,752,000 

42,266,000 

138,943,000 

221,549,000  $ 

581,695,000 

141,367,000  $ 

498,888,000 

80,182,000 

82,807,000 

221,549,000  $ 

581,695,000 

94,687,000  $ 

236,394,000 

126,862,000 

345,301,000 

221,549,000  $ 

581,695,000 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control
Point in time

Over time

Total

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control

Point in time

Over time

Total

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2020

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Total

$ 

52,327,000 

171,036,000  $ 

223,363,000 

208,284,000 

260,611,000 

93,119,000 

353,730,000 

349,855,000 

3,875,000 

353,730,000 

142,448,000 

211,282,000 

353,730,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

39,961,000 

210,997,000 

248,245,000 

471,608,000 

51,988,000 

145,107,000 

262,985,000  $ 

616,715,000 

178,237,000  $ 

528,092,000 

84,748,000 

88,623,000 

262,985,000  $ 

616,715,000 

136,518,000  $ 

278,966,000 

126,467,000 

337,749,000 

262,985,000  $ 

616,715,000 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2019

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Total

$ 

68,534,000 

200,708,000  $ 

269,242,000 

192,516,000 

261,050,000 

96,243,000 

357,293,000 

350,850,000 

6,443,000 

357,293,000 

177,090,000 

180,203,000 

357,293,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

39,432,000 

240,140,000 

231,948,000 

501,190,000 

74,364,000 

170,607,000 

314,504,000  $ 

671,797,000 

231,400,000  $ 

582,250,000 

83,104,000 

89,547,000 

314,504,000  $ 

671,797,000 

176,067,000  $ 

353,157,000 

138,437,000 

318,640,000 

314,504,000  $ 

671,797,000 

F - 14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The  timing  of  revenue  recognition,  billings  and  collections  results  in  receivables,  unbilled  receivables  and  contract 
liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for over time, 
amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals 
(e.g., monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. For certain contracts with provisions that are intended 
to protect customers in the event we do not satisfy our performance obligations, billings occur subsequent to revenue 
recognition,  resulting  in  unbilled  receivables.  Under  ASC  606,  unbilled  receivables  constitute  contract  assets.  There 
were no material impairment losses recognized on contract assets during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 
and  2019,  respectively.  On  large  long-term  contracts,  and  for  contracts  with  international  customers  that  do  not  do 
business  with  us  regularly,  payment  terms  typically  require  advanced  payments  and  deposits.  Under  ASC  606, 
payments  received  from  customers  in  excess  of  revenue  recognized  to-date  results  in  a  contract  liability.  These 
contract liabilities are not considered to represent a significant financing component of the contract because we believe 
these  cash  advances  and  deposits  are  generally  used  to  meet  working  capital  demands  which  can  be  higher  in  the 
earlier stages of a contract. Also, advanced payments and deposits provide us with some measure of assurance that the 
customer  will  perform  on  its  obligations  under  the  contract.  Under  the  typical  payment  terms  for  our  contracts 
accounted for at a point in time, costs are accumulated in inventory until the time of billing, which generally coincides 
with  revenue  recognition.  Of  the  contract  liability  balance  at  July  31,  2020  and  July  31,  2019,  $34,545,000  and 
$34,225,000  was  recognized  as  revenue  during  fiscal  years  2021  and  2020,  respectively.  In  fiscal  2021  and  2020, 
contract liabilities increased $648,000 and $6,890,000, respectively, due to business combinations discussed in Note 
(2) - "Acquisitions." 

We  recognize  the  incremental  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  a  contract  as  an  expense  when  incurred  if  the  amortization 
period  of  the  asset  is  one  year  or  less.  Incremental  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  contracts  with  an  amortization  period 
greater than one year were not material. 

As  commissions  payable  to  our  internal  sales  and  marketing  employees  or  contractors  are  contingent  upon  multiple 
factors,  such  commissions  are  not  considered  direct  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  a  contract  with  a  customer  and  are 
expensed as incurred in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As 
for commissions payable to our third-party sales representatives related to large long-term contracts, we do consider 
these  types  of  commissions  both  direct  and  incremental  costs  to  obtain  and  fulfill  such  contracts.  Therefore,  such 
commissions  are  included  in  total  estimated  costs  at  completion  for  such  contracts  and  expensed  over  time  through 
cost of sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Remaining  performance  obligations  represent  the  transaction  price  of  firm  orders  for  which  work  has  not  been 
performed as of the end of a fiscal period. Remaining performance obligations, which we refer to as backlog, exclude 
unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery / indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts. As 
of  July  31,  2021,  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  transaction  price  allocated  to  remaining  performance  obligations  was 
$658,896,000 (which represents the amount of our consolidated backlog). We estimate that a substantial portion of our 
remaining  performance  obligations  at  July  31,  2021  will  be  completed  and  recognized  as  revenue  during  the  next 
twenty-four  month  period,  with  the  rest  thereafter.  During  fiscal  2021,  revenue  recognized  from  performance 
obligations  satisfied,  or  partially  satisfied,  in  previous  periods  (for  example  due  to  changes  in  the  transaction  price) 
was not material.

(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Our cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of 
cash  and  have  insignificant  risk  of  change  in  value  as  a  result  of  changes  in  interest  rates.  Our  cash  and  cash 
equivalents,  as  of  July  31,  2021  and  2020,  amounted  to  $30,861,000  and  $47,878,000,  respectively,  and  primarily 
consist  of  bank  deposits  and  money  market  deposit  accounts  insured  by  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation. 
Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

F - 15

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(e)

Inventories

Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, the latter of which is defined as the estimated 
selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  less  reasonably  predictable  costs  of  completion,  disposal  and 
transportation. Our inventories are reduced to their estimated net realizable value by a charge to cost of sales in the 
period  such  excess  costs  are  determined.  Our  inventories  are  principally  recorded  using  either  average  or  standard 
costing methods. 

Work-in-process (including our contracts-in-progress) and finished goods inventory reflect all accumulated production 
costs,  which  are  comprised  of  direct  production  costs  and  overhead,  and  is  reduced  by  amounts  recorded  in  cost  of 
sales as the related revenue is recognized. Indirect costs relating to long-term contracts, which include expenses such 
as general and administrative, are charged to expense as incurred and are not included in our cost of sales or work-in-
process (including our contracts-in-progress) and finished goods inventory.

(f) Long-Lived Assets

Our  machinery  and  equipment,  which  are  recorded  at  cost,  are  depreciated  or  amortized  over  their  estimated  useful 
lives (three to eight years) under the straight-line method. Capitalized values of properties and leasehold improvements 
under leases are amortized over the life of the lease or the estimated life of the asset, whichever is less.

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  cost  of  a  business  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  acquired.  In 
accordance with FASB ASC 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other" goodwill is not amortized. We periodically, at 
least on an annual basis in the first quarter of each fiscal year, review goodwill, considering factors such as projected 
cash flows and revenue and earnings multiples, to determine whether the carrying value of the goodwill is impaired. If 
we  fail  the  quantitative  assessment  of  goodwill  impairment  ("quantitative  assessment"),  we  would  be  required  to 
recognize  an  impairment  loss  equal  to  the  amount  that  a  reporting  unit's  carrying  value  exceeded  its  fair  value; 
however,  any  loss  recognized  should  not  exceed  the  total  amount  of  goodwill  allocated  to  that  reporting  unit.  We 
define our reporting units to be the same as our operating segments.

We  performed  our  annual  goodwill  impairment  assessment  for  fiscal  2022  on  August  1,  2021  (the  first  day  of  our 
fiscal 2022). See Note (13) - "Goodwill" for more information. Unless there are future indicators that the fair value of a 
reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying value, such as a significant adverse change in our future 
financial  performance,  our  next  impairment  assessment  for  goodwill  will  be  performed  and  completed  in  the  first 
quarter of fiscal 2023. Any impairment charges that we may record in the future could be material to our results of 
operations and financial condition.

We assess the recoverability of the carrying value of our other long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets 
with finite useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets 
may  not  be  recoverable.  We  evaluate  the  recoverability  of  such  assets  based  upon  the  expectations  of  undiscounted 
cash  flows  from  such  assets.  If  the  sum  of  the  expected  future  undiscounted  cash  flows  were  less  than  the  carrying 
amount of the asset, a loss would be recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount.

(g) Research and Development Costs

We  charge  research  and  development  costs  to  operations  as  incurred,  except  in  those  cases  in  which  such  costs  are 
reimbursable under customer funded contracts. In fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, we were reimbursed by customers for 
such  activities  in  the  amount  of  $13,635,000,  $11,923,000  and  $14,679,000,  respectively.  These  amounts  are  not 
reflected in the reported research and development expenses in each of the respective periods but are included in net 
sales with the related costs included in cost of sales in each of the respective periods. 

F - 16

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(h) Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized 
for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing 
assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those 
temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The  effect  on  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  of  a 
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We determine the uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns in accordance with the 
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25 "Income Taxes," which prescribes a two-step evaluation process for tax positions. 
The first step is recognition based on a determination of whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be 
sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical 
merits of the position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold. The 
tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate 
settlement. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit of that position is 
not  recognized  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  policy  is  to  recognize  potential  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

(i) Earnings Per Share

Our basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares (including 
vested  but  unissued  stock  units,  share  units,  performance  shares  and  restricted  stock  units  ("RSUs"))  outstanding 
during each respective period. Our diluted EPS reflects the dilution from potential common stock issuable pursuant to 
the exercise of equity-classified stock-based awards, if dilutive, outstanding during each respective period. Pursuant to 
FASB ASC 260 "Earnings Per Share," equity-classified stock-based awards that are subject to performance conditions 
are  not  considered  in  our  diluted  EPS  calculations  until  the  respective  performance  conditions  have  been  satisfied. 
When  calculating  our  diluted  earnings  per  share,  we  consider  the  amount  an  employee  must  pay  upon  assumed 
exercise of stock-based awards and the amount of stock-based compensation cost attributed to future services and not 
yet recognized.

There were no repurchases of our common stock during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. See Note 
(15) - "Stockholders’ Equity" for more information.

Weighted average stock options, RSUs and restricted stock outstanding of 1,440,000, 1,348,000 and 1,347,000 shares 
for  fiscal  2021,  2020  and  2019,  respectively,  were  not  included  in  our  diluted  EPS  calculation  because  their  effect 
would have been anti-dilutive.

Our  EPS  calculations  exclude  232,000,  201,000  and  243,000  weighted  average  performance  shares  outstanding  for 
fiscal  2021,  2020  and  2019,  respectively,  as  the  performance  conditions  have  not  yet  been  satisfied.  However,  net 
income (loss) (the numerator) for EPS calculations for each respective period, is reduced by the compensation expense 
related to these awards.

F - 17

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

Numerator:

Net (loss) income for basic calculation

$  (73,480,000)   

7,020,000 

25,041,000 

Numerator for diluted calculation

$  (73,480,000)   

7,020,000 

25,041,000 

Denominator:

Denominator for basic calculation

25,685,000 

24,798,000 

24,124,000 

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock-based awards

— 

101,000 

178,000 

Denominator for diluted calculation

25,685,000 

24,899,000 

24,302,000 

(j) Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

Using the fair value hierarchy described in FASB ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," we valued 
our cash and cash equivalents using Level 1 inputs that were based on quoted market prices.

We  believe  that  the  carrying  amounts  of  our  other  current  financial  assets  (such  as  accounts  receivable)  and  other 
current liabilities (including accounts payable and accrued expenses) approximate their fair values due to their short-
term maturities.

The fair value of our Credit Facility that we entered into on October 31, 2018 approximates its carrying amount due to 
its variable interest rate and pricing grid that is dependent upon our leverage ratio as of the end of each fiscal quarter. 

As of July 31, 2021 and 2020, other than the financial instruments discussed above, we had no other significant assets 
or liabilities included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets recorded at fair value, as such term is defined by FASB ASC 
820.

(k) Use of Estimates

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in 
the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount 
of  assets  and  liabilities,  and  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities,  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  net  sales  and  expenses  during  the  reported  period.  We  make  significant 
estimates in many areas of our accounting, including but not limited to the following: long-term contracts, stock-based 
compensation,  intangible  assets  and  liabilities  including  goodwill,  provision  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory, 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts,  warranty  obligations  and  income  taxes.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  those 
estimates.

(l) Comprehensive Income

In accordance with FASB ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income," we report all changes in equity during a period, except 
those  resulting  from  investment  by  owners  and  distribution  to  owners,  for  the  period  in  which  they  are  recognized. 
Comprehensive income is the total of net income and all other non-owner changes in equity (or other comprehensive 
income)  such  as  unrealized  gains/losses  on  securities  classified  as  available-for-sale,  foreign  currency  translation 
adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments. Comprehensive income was the same as our net income in 
fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.

(m) Reclassifications

Certain  reclassifications  have  been  made  to  previously  reported  consolidated  financial  statements  to  conform  to  the 
fiscal 2021 presentation.

F - 18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(n)  Adoption of Accounting Standards and Updates

We  are  required  to  prepare  our  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  Financial  Accounting 
Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") which is the source for all authoritative U.S. 
generally accepted accounting principles, which are commonly referred to as "GAAP." The FASB ASC is subject to 
updates by the FASB, which are known as Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). During fiscal 2021, we adopted:

•

•

•

•

•

•

FASB ASU No. 2016-13, which requires companies to utilize an impairment model (current expected credit loss 
("CECL”))  for  most  financial  assets  measured  at  amortized  cost  and  certain  other  financial  instruments,  which 
include, but are not limited to trade receivables and contract assets. This accounting standard replaced the incurred 
loss  model  with  a  model  that  reflects  expected  credit  losses  and  requires  consideration  of  a  broader  range  of 
reasonable and supportable information to estimate those losses. On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU on a 
modified-retrospective basis and recorded a $215,000 decrease to opening retained earnings.

FASB ASU No. 2018-13, which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements in Topic 820. 
On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU. Our adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated 
financial statements or disclosures.

FASB  ASU  No.  2018-15,  which  aligns  the  requirements  for  capitalizing  implementation  costs  incurred  in  a 
hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred 
to develop or obtain internal use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). 
The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the 
amendments in this ASU. On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU. Our adoption of this ASU did not have any 
impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB ASU No. 2018-17, which requires entities to consider indirect interests held through related parties under 
common  control  on  a  proportional  basis,  rather  than  as  the  equivalent  of  a  direct  interest  in  its  entirety,  when 
determining whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU. Our 
adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB  ASU  No.  2018-18,  which  clarifies  when  certain  transactions  between  collaborative  arrangement 
participants  should  be  accounted  for  under  ASC  606  and  incorporates  unit-of-account  guidance  consistent  with 
ASC  606  to  aid  in  this  determination.  The  ASU  also  precludes  entities  from  presenting  consideration  from 
transactions  with  a  collaborator  that  is  not  a  customer  together  with  revenue  recognized  from  contracts  with 
customers. On August 1, 2020, we adopted this ASU. Our adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our 
consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB ASU No. 2019-08, which requires that an entity measure and classify share-based payment awards granted 
to a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. The amount recorded as a reduction of the transaction price 
is  required  to  be  measured  based  on  the  grant-date  fair  value  of  the  share-based  payment  award.  On  August  1, 
2020,  we  adopted  this  ASU.  Our  adoption  of  this  ASU  did  not  have  any  impact  on  our  consolidated  financial 
statements or disclosures.

(2) Acquisitions

UHP Networks Inc. 

On March 2, 2021, we completed our acquisition of UHP Networks Inc. ("UHP"), a leading provider of innovative and 
disruptive satellite ground station technology solutions, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement initially entered into in 
November  2019  and  amended  in  June  2020  and  on  March  1,  2021,  respectively.  With  end-markets  for  high-speed 
satellite-based  networks  anticipated  to  significantly  grow,  our  acquisition  allows  us  to  enhance  our  Commercial 
Solutions segment's offerings with low cost time division multiple access ("TDMA") satellite modems.

F - 19

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The  acquisition  has  a  preliminary  purchase  price  for  accounting  purposes  of  $37,470,000.  Pursuant  to  the  stock 
purchase agreement, during fiscal 2021, the initial upfront payment of approximately $23,979,000 was paid mostly in 
shares  of  our  common  stock,  with  $87,000  paid  in  cash.  In  August  2021,  $3,991,000  of  the  $4,991,000  hold  back 
amount  previously  placed  into  escrow  at  closing  was  paid  to  the  seller  in  shares  of  our  Common  Stock,  as  the 
conditions  pursuant  to  the  stock  purchase  agreement  were  met.  The  stock  purchase  agreement  also  provides  for  an 
earn-out  payment  of  up  to  $9,000,000,  also  payable  at  our  option  in  cash  and  or  shares  of  our  common  stock,  if 
specified sales milestones are reached during the eighteen-month period ending September 30, 2022. The preliminary 
estimated fair value of such contingent earn-out consideration at the acquisition date was $8,500,000.

Of the $23,979,000 paid at closing, $4,560,000 was placed into escrow to be released ratably over three years upon 
settlement of potential indemnification obligations of the seller.

We  issued  1,026,567  shares  of  our  common  stock  at  closing,  based  on  a  volume  weighted  average  stock  price  of 
approximately  $28.14  per  share,  in  satisfaction  of  initial  payment  and  escrow  arrangements  under  the  terms  of  the 
stock purchase agreement.

We are accounting for the acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805, 
"Business  Combinations"  ("ASC  805").  The  purchase  price  was  allocated  to  the  assets  acquired  and  liabilities 
assumed, based on their preliminary fair value as of March 2, 2021 pursuant to the business combination accounting 
rules. Acquisition plan expenses were not included as a component of consideration transferred and were expensed in 
the  period  incurred.  Our  consolidated  statements  of  operations  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2021  include  a 
nominal amount of revenue contribution from the acquisition. Pro forma financial information is not disclosed, as the 
acquisition is not material.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection 
with the acquisition:

Initial upfront payment
Hold back amount
Contingent earn-out consideration
Preliminary purchase price at fair value
Preliminary allocation of aggregate purchase price:

Cash and cash equivalents
Current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Deferred tax assets
Contract liabilities
Accrued warranty obligations
Other current liabilities
Non-current liabilities

Net tangible assets at preliminary fair value

Identifiable intangibles, deferred taxes and goodwill:

Technology
Customer relationships
Trade name
Deferred tax liabilities
Goodwill

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Preliminary allocation of aggregate purchase price

$ 

Purchase 
Price 
Allocation (1)
$ 

23,902,000  $ 
5,000,000 
8,500,000 
37,402,000  $ 

Measurement 
Period 
Adjustments

Purchase Price 
Allocation 
(As adjusted)
23,979,000 
4,991,000 
8,500,000 
37,470,000 

77,000  $ 
(9,000)   
— 
68,000  $ 

1,391,000  $ 
1,235,000 
10,000 
286,000 
(657,000)   
(750,000)   
(1,166,000)   
(160,000)   
189,000 

15,300,000  $ 
15,500,000 
800,000 
(8,374,000)   
13,987,000 
37,402,000  $ 

—  $ 

123,000 
— 
27,000 
9,000 
— 
(9,000)   
— 
150,000  $ 

1,391,000 
1,358,000 
10,000 
313,000 
(648,000) 
(750,000) 
(1,175,000) 
(160,000) 
339,000 

Estimated 
Useful Lives

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 

(82,000)   
68,000  $ 

15,300,000  15 years
15,500,000  15 years
800,000  20 years

(8,374,000) 
13,905,000  Indefinite
37,470,000 

(1) As reported in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2021.

F - 20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The acquired identifiable intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which we believe approximates 
the  pattern  in  which  the  assets  are  utilized  over  their  estimated  useful  lives.  The  preliminary  fair  value  of  customer 
relationships was primarily based on the value of the discounted cash flows that the related intangible asset could be 
expected  to  generate  in  the  future.  The  preliminary  fair  value  of  technology  and  trade  name  was  based  on  the 
discounted  capitalization  of  royalty  expense  saved  because  we  now  own  the  assets.  The  preliminary  estimated  fair 
value of contingent earn-out consideration represents the present value of the estimated amount payable, based on a 
probability-weighted  amount  of  net  sales,  as  defined,  during  the  earn-out  period,  which  reflects  significant 
management  estimates  and  assumptions  using  unobservable  Level  3  inputs,  including:  (i)  possible  outcomes  for 
targeted  net  sales  during  the  earn-out  period;  (ii)  timing  of  each  possible  outcome;  (iii)  probability  of  each  possible 
outcome;  and  (vi)  discount  rate  reflecting  the  credit  risk  of  the  Company.  Among  the  factors  contributing  to  the 
recognition of goodwill, as a component of the preliminary purchase price allocation, were synergies in products and 
technologies and the addition of a skilled, assembled workforce. This goodwill has been assigned to our Commercial 
Solutions segment based on specific identification and is generally not deductible for income tax purposes.

The allocation of the preliminary purchase price shown in the above table was based upon a preliminary valuation and 
estimates and assumptions that are subject to change within the purchase price allocation period, generally one year 
from  the  acquisition  date.  The  primary  areas  of  the  purchase  price  allocation  not  yet  finalized  include  the  purchase 
price  (due  to  customary  adjustments  for  potential  indemnification  obligations  of  the  seller  under  the  stock  purchase 
agreement  and  contingent  earn-out  consideration),  a  final  assessment  of  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed, 
accrued warranty obligations, income taxes and residual goodwill.

CGC Technology Limited

On January 27, 2020, we completed the acquisition of CGC Technology Limited ("CGC"), a privately held company 
located in the United Kingdom, pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2020. CGC is a 
leading provider of high precision full motion fixed and mobile X/Y satellite tracking antennas, reflectors, RF feeds, 
radomes and other ground station equipment around the world.

The acquisition had an aggregate purchase price for accounting purposes of $23,650,000, of which $12,075,000 was 
paid in cash and $11,575,000 was paid by the issuance of 323,504 shares of our common stock at a volume weighted 
average  stock  price  of  $35.78.  The  fair  value  of  consideration  transferred  in  connection  with  this  acquisition  was 
$23,490,000,  which  was  net  of  $160,000  of  cash  acquired.  We  accounted  for  the  acquisition  of  CGC  under  the 
acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805. The purchase price was allocated to the assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair value as of January 27, 2020, pursuant to the business combination 
accounting rules. Acquisition plan expenses were not included as a component of consideration transferred and were 
expensed in the period incurred. Pro forma financial information is not disclosed, as the acquisition was not material.

Acquisition Plan Expenses

During  fiscal  2021,  2020  and  2019,  we  incurred  acquisition  plan  expenses  of  $100,292,000,  $20,754,000  and 
$5,871,000,  respectively.  Of  the  amount  recorded  in  fiscal  2021,  $88,343,000  related  to  the  previously  announced 
litigation and merger termination with Gilat Satellite Networks, Ltd. ("Gilat"), including $70,000,000 paid in cash to 
Gilat.  The  remaining  costs  primarily  related  to  the  April  2021  settlement  of  litigation  associated  with  the  2019 
acquisition of GD NG-911 as well as our acquisition of UHP, which closed in March 2021. Additionally, we recorded 
$1,178,000 of incremental interest expenses in fiscal 2021 related to a now terminated financing commitment letter.

F - 21

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(3) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following at July 31, 2021 and 2020:

Receivables from commercial and international customers

$ 

86,890,000 

Unbilled receivables from commercial and international customers

Receivables from the U.S. government and its agencies

Unbilled receivables from the U.S. government and its agencies

36,131,000 

33,381,000 

3,356,000 

2021

2020

67,109,000 

21,588,000 

32,870,000 

7,018,000 

Total accounts receivable

Less allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable, net

159,758,000 

128,585,000 

1,648,000 

1,769,000 

$  158,110,000 

126,816,000 

Unbilled receivables as of July 31, 2021 relate to contracts-in-progress for which revenue has been recognized, but for 
which  we  have  not  yet  earned  the  right  to  bill  the  customer  for  work  performed  to-date.  Under  ASC  606,  unbilled 
receivables constitute contract assets. Management estimates that a substantial portion of the amounts not yet billed at 
July 31, 2021 will be billed and collected within one year.

As of July 31, 2021, 23.0%, 12.7% and 12.1% of total accounts receivable related to U.S. government and its agencies, 
AT&T, Inc. and Verizon Communications Inc., respectively. Except for the U.S. government and its agencies, which 
represented 31.0%, respectively, no other customers accounted for greater than 10.0% of total accounts receivable as 
of July 31, 2020.

(4) Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at July 31, 2021 and 2020:

Raw materials and components

Work-in-process and finished goods

Total inventories

Less reserve for excess and obsolete inventories

Inventories, net

2021

$ 

62,249,000 

38,338,000 

2020

59,175,000 

42,203,000 

100,587,000 

101,378,000 

20,229,000 

$ 

80,358,000 

19,076,000 

82,302,000 

As of July 31, 2021 and 2020, the amount of inventory directly related to long-term contracts (including contracts-in-
progress) was $7,028,000 and $7,215,000, respectively, and the amount of inventory related to contracts from third-
party commercial customers who outsource their manufacturing to us was $1,509,000 and $1,387,000, respectively.

(5) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following at July 31, 2021 and 2020:

Machinery and equipment

Leasehold improvements

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Property, plant and equipment, net

2021

2020

$  170,600,000 

156,314,000 

15,726,000 

15,596,000 

186,326,000 
151,040,000 
35,286,000 

$ 

171,910,000 
144,873,000 
27,037,000 

Depreciation  and  amortization  expense  on  property,  plant  and  equipment  amounted  to  $9,343,000,  $10,386,000  and 
$11,927,000 for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

F - 22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(6) Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following at July 31, 2021 and 2020:

Accrued wages and benefits

Accrued warranty obligations

Accrued contract costs

Accrued acquisition-related costs

Accrued commissions and royalties

Accrued legal costs

Other

2021

$ 

26,367,000 

17,600,000 

12,750,000 

9,222,000 

5,342,000 

2,854,000 

15,466,000 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

$ 

89,601,000 

2020

20,857,000 

15,200,000 

15,306,000 

7,014,000 

4,621,000 

2,539,000 

19,624,000 

85,161,000 

Accrued  contract  costs  represent  direct  and  indirect  costs  on  contracts  as  well  as  estimates  of  amounts  owed  for 
invoices not yet received from vendors or reflected in accounts payable.

Accrued acquisition-related costs as of July 31, 2021 include $8,705,000 of contingent earn-out consideration related 
to our acquisition of UHP. See Note (2) - “Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc.” for further discussion.

Accrued warranty obligations as of July 31, 2021 relate to estimated liabilities for assurance type warranty coverage 
that we provide to our customers. We generally provide warranty coverage for some of our products for a period of at 
least  one  year  from  the  date  of  delivery.  We  record  a  liability  for  estimated  warranty  expense  based  on  historical 
claims, product failure rates, consideration of contractual obligations, future costs to resolve software issues and other 
factors. Some of our product warranties are provided under long-term contracts, the costs of which are incorporated 
into our estimates of total contract costs. 

Changes in our accrued warranty obligations during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

Balance at beginning of year

Provision for warranty obligations

Additions (in connection with acquisitions)

Charges incurred

Reclassification of non-current liabilities

Balance at end of year

2021

2020

$ 

15,200,000 

15,968,000 

4,360,000 

750,000 

2,277,000 

1,000,000 

(2,710,000)   

(4,347,000) 

— 

302,000 

$ 

17,600,000 

15,200,000 

(7) Credit Facility

On October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a 
syndicate of lenders. 

The  Credit  Facility  provides  a  senior  secured  loan  facility  of  up  to  $550,000,000  consisting  of:  (i)  a  revolving  loan 
facility ("Revolving Loan Facility") with a borrowing limit of $300,000,000; (ii) an accordion feature allowing us to 
borrow up to an additional $250,000,000; (iii) a $35,000,000 letter of credit sublimit; and (iv) a swingline loan credit 
sublimit of $25,000,000.

F - 23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                              
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The Credit Facility matures on October 31, 2023 (the "Revolving Maturity Date"). If we issue new unsecured debt in 
excess  of  $5,000,000  with  a  maturity  date  that  is  less  than  91  days  from  October  31,  2023,  the  Revolving  Maturity 
Date would automatically accelerate so that it would be 91 days earlier than the maturity date of the new unsecured 
debt.

As of July 31, 2021, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $201,000,000 which is reflected in the non-
current portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At July 31, 2021, we had $1,503,000 of standby 
letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Facility related to guarantees of future performance on certain customer 
contracts  and  no  outstanding  commercial  letters  of  credit.  During  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2021,  we  had 
outstanding balances under the Credit Facility ranging from $125,000,000 to $219,000,000.

As  of  July  31,  2021,  total  net  deferred  financing  costs  related  to  the  Credit  Facility  were  $1,824,000  and  are  being 
amortized over the term of our Credit Facility through October 31, 2023. In fiscal 2019, we wrote off $3,217,000 of 
deferred financing costs primarily related to the Term Loan Facility of our Prior Credit Facility.

Interest expense related to our Credit Facility, including amortization of deferred financing costs, recorded during the 
fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019  was  $5,628,000,  $5,905,000  and  $8,859,000,  respectively.  The 
amount for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019 relates to both our Prior Credit Facility and our existing Credit Facility. 
Our blended interest rate approximated 2.84%, 3.87% and 5.25%, respectively, for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility shall be either: (i) Alternate Base Rate borrowings, which bear interest from the 
applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to (x) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined) in effect on 
such day, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1.00% per annum and (c) 
the  Adjusted  LIBO  Rate  (as  defined)  on  such  day  (or,  if  such  day  is  not  a  business  day,  the  immediately  preceding 
business day) plus 1.00% per annum, plus (y) the Applicable Rate (as defined), or (ii) Eurodollar borrowings, which 
bear  interest  from  the  applicable  borrowing  date  at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to  (x)  the  Adjusted  LIBO  Rate  for  such 
interest  period  plus  (y)  the  Applicable  Rate.  Determination  of  the  Applicable  Rate  is  based  on  a  pricing  grid  that  is 
dependent upon our Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined) as of the end of each fiscal quarter for which consolidated 
financial statements have been most recently delivered.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative covenants. The Credit Facility also 
contains  customary  negative  covenants,  subject  to  negotiated  exceptions,  including  but  not  limited  to:  (i)  liens,  (ii) 
investments, (iii) indebtedness, (iv) significant corporate changes, including mergers and acquisitions, (v) dispositions, 
(vi)  restricted  payments,  including  stockholder  dividends,  and  (vii)  certain  other  restrictive  agreements.  The  Credit 
Facility  also  contains  certain  financial  covenants  and  customary  events  of  default  (subject  to  grace  periods,  as 
appropriate), such as payment defaults, cross-defaults to other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency, the 
occurrence of a defined change in control and the failure to observe the negative covenants and other covenants related 
to  the  operation  of  our  business.  In  addition,  under  certain  circumstances,  we  may  be  required  to  enter  into 
amendments to the Credit Facility in connection with any further syndication of the Credit Facility.

The  Credit  Facility  provides  for,  among  other  things:  (i)  no  scheduled  payments  of  principal  until  maturity;  (ii)  a 
maximum Secured Leverage Ratio of 3.75x trailing twelve months ("TTM") Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, 
Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") and a Maximum Total Leverage Ratio of 4.50x TTM Adjusted 
EBITDA,  each  with  no  step  downs;  and  (iii)  a  Minimum  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  of  3.25x  TTM  Adjusted 
EBITDA.

As  of  July  31,  2021,  our  Secured  Leverage  Ratio  was  2.53x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA  compared  to  the  maximum 
allowable  Secured  Leverage  Ratio  of  3.75x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Our  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  as  of 
July  31,  2021  was  13.05x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA  compared  to  the  Minimum  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  of 
3.25x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Given  our  expected  future  business  performance,  we  anticipate  maintaining 
compliance with the terms and financial covenants in our Credit Facility for the foreseeable future.

The  obligations  under  the  Credit  Facility  are  guaranteed  by  certain  of  our  domestic  and  foreign  subsidiaries  (the 
"Guarantors"). As collateral security under the Credit Facility and the guarantees thereof, we and the Guarantors have 
granted  to  the  administrative  agent,  for  the  benefit  of  the  lenders,  a  lien  on,  and  first  priority  security  interest  in, 
substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets.

F - 24

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

On December 6, 2018, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility to provide for a mechanism to replace the 
LIBO  Rate  for  Eurodollar  borrowings  with  an  alternative  benchmark  interest  rate,  should  the  LIBO  Rate  generally 
become  unavailable  in  the  future  on  an  other-than-temporary  basis.  On  January  14,  2021,  we  entered  into  a  further 
amendment  of  the  Credit  Facility  to  update  the  LIBO  Rate  replacement  mechanism  language  and  other  definitional 
items. On July 30, 2021, we entered into an amendment to incorporate certain foreign subsidiaries as loan parties and 
Guarantors into the Credit Facility and added certain definitional items.

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth for such terms in the Credit Facility and the 
Prior Credit Facility, which have been documented and filed with the SEC.

(8) Leases

Our  leases  historically  relate  to  the  leasing  of  facilities  and  equipment.  In  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  842  - 
"Leases" ("ASC 842"), we determine at inception whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease and whether the lease 
should  be  classified  as  an  operating  or  a  financing  lease.  At  lease  commencement,  we  recognize  a  right-of-use 
("ROU") asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the estimated lease term. 
We have elected to not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability for any leases with terms of twelve months or less. 
Instead, for such short-term leases, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of 
our leases include options to extend the term of the lease or to terminate the lease early. When it is reasonably certain 
that we will exercise a renewal option or will not exercise a termination option, we include the impact of exercising or 
not exercising such option, respectively, in the estimate of the lease term. As our lease agreements do not explicitly 
state the discount rate implicit in the lease, we use our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") on the commencement date 
to calculate the present value of future lease payments. Such IBR represents our estimated rate of interest to borrow on 
a collateralized basis over a term commensurate with the expected lease term.

Some  of  our  leases  include  payments  that  are  based  on  the  Consumer  Price  Index  ("CPI")  or  other  similar  indices. 
These variable lease payments are included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability using the index as of 
the lease commencement date. Other variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance, property taxes, and 
usage-based amounts, are required by ASC 842 to be excluded from the ROU asset and lease liability and expensed as 
incurred. In addition to the present value of the future lease payments, the calculation of the ROU asset would also 
consider,  to  the  extent  applicable,  any  deferred  rent  upon  adoption,  lease  pre-payments  or  initial  direct  costs  of 
obtaining the lease (e.g., such as commissions).

For all classes of leased assets, we elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components (i.e., the actual item 
being leased, such as the facility or piece of equipment) from non-lease components (i.e., the distinct elements of a 
contract  not  related  to  securing  the  use  of  the  leased  asset,  such  as  common  area  maintenance  and  consumable 
supplies). 

Certain  of  our  facility  lease  agreements  (which  are  classified  as  operating  leases)  contain  rent  holidays  or  rent 
escalation clauses. For rent holidays and rent escalation clauses during the lease term, we record rental expense on a 
straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  lease.  As  of  July  31,  2021,  none  of  our  leases  contained  a  residual  value 
guarantee and covenants included in our lease agreements are customary for the types of facilities and equipment being 
leased.

F - 25

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The components of lease expense are as follows:

Finance lease expense:

Amortization of ROU assets

Interest on lease liabilities

Operating lease expense

Short-term lease expense

Variable lease expense

Sublease income

Total lease expense

Fiscal years ended July 31, 
2021

2020

$ 

36,000  $ 

175,000 

3,000 

4,000 

12,152,000 

10,728,000 

819,000 

4,523,000 

3,045,000 

4,033,000 

(67,000) 

(22,000) 

$ 

17,466,000  $ 

17,963,000 

Additional information related to leases is as follows:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating leases - Operating cash outflows
Finance leases - Operating cash outflows

Finance leases - Financing cash outflows

Fiscal years ended July 31,
2020
2021

$ 

10,868,000  $ 
3,000 

11,437,000 
4,000 

38,000 

322,000 

ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities (non-cash):

Operating leases

$ 

24,987,000  $ 

3,561,000 

The  following  table  is  a  reconciliation  of  future  cash  flows  relating  to  operating  and  financing  lease  liabilities 
presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2021:

Fiscal 2022
Fiscal 2023
Fiscal 2024
Fiscal 2025
Fiscal 2026
Thereafter
Total future undiscounted cash flows
Less: Present value discount
Lease liabilities

Operating
$  10,376,000 
8,029,000 
6,657,000 
6,123,000 
4,675,000 
20,810,000 
56,670,000 
8,260,000 
$  48,410,000 

Finance

32,000 
3,000 
— 
— 
— 
— 
35,000 
1,000 
34,000 

$ 

$ 

Total
10,408,000 
8,032,000 
6,657,000 
6,123,000 
4,675,000 
20,810,000 
56,705,000 
8,261,000 
48,444,000 

$ 

$ 

Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years)
Weighted-average discount rate

8.89
 3.52 %

1.49
 7.37 %

F - 26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

In fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year operating lease for a facility in Chandler, Arizona and a 10-year operating 
lease for a facility in the United Kingdom. Accordingly, amounts related to both leases are reflected as an operating 
lease right-of-use asset or related operating lease liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2021.

We lease our Melville, New York production facility from a partnership controlled by our CEO and Chairman. Lease 
payments made during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 were $660,000 and $649,000, respectively. The 
current lease provides for our use of the premises as they exist through December 2031. The annual rent of the facility 
for  calendar  year  2022  is  $665,000  and  is  subject  to  customary  adjustments.  We  have  a  right  of  first  refusal  in  the 
event of a sale of the facility.

As of July 31, 2021, we do not have any rental commitments that have not commenced.

(9) Income Taxes

(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes consists of the following:

U.S.

Foreign

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

$ 

(73,153,000)   

7,226,000 

28,813,000 

(1,827,000)   

2,084,000 

97,000 

$ 

(74,980,000)   

9,310,000 

28,910,000 

The (benefit from) provision for income taxes included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations 
consists of the following:

Federal – current

Federal – deferred

State and local – current

State and local – deferred

Foreign – current

Foreign – deferred

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

$ 

608,000 

1,053,000 

(2,190,000) 

(877,000)   

721,000 

4,782,000 

466,000 

1,137,000 

1,715,000 

(598,000)   

(1,312,000)   

(321,000) 

688,000 

(1,787,000)   

298,000 

393,000 

62,000 

(179,000) 

3,869,000 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

$ 

(1,500,000)   

2,290,000 

F - 27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The (benefit from) provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal 
income tax rate as a result of the following:

Computed "expected" tax expense 
(benefit)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes 

resulting from:

State and local income taxes, net 
of federal benefit
Stock-based compensation
Research and experimentation 
credits
Foreign-derived intangible income 
deduction

Nondeductible transaction costs

Nondeductible executive 
compensation
Fines and penalties

Audit settlements
Change in the beginning of the 
year valuation allowance for 
deferred tax assets
Change in valuation allowance
Remeasurement of 
deferred taxes
Foreign income taxes

Other, net

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

Amount

Rate

Amount

Rate

Amount

Rate

$ (15,746,000) 

 21.0 %  

1,955,000 

 21.0 %  

6,071,000 

 21.0 %

(1,371,000) 

(20,000) 

 1.8 

 — 

(278,000) 

 (3.0) 

967,000 

 3.3 

308,000 

 3.3 

(44,000) 

 (0.1) 

(1,018,000) 

 1.4 

(1,210,000) 

 (13.0) 

(1,129,000) 

 (3.9) 

164,000 

 (0.2) 

(162,000) 

 (1.7) 

(632,000) 

 (2.2) 

402,000 

 (0.5) 

301,000 

 3.2 

394,000 

 1.4 

628,000 

 (0.8) 

— 

6,000 

 — 

 — 

595,000 

189,000 

1,000 

(805,000) 

 1.1 

  15,582,000 

 (20.8) 

— 

— 

 6.4 

 2.0 

 — 

 — 

 — 

(224,000) 

 0.3 

(135,000) 

 (1.5) 

330,000 

2,000 

 1.1 

 — 

(2,081,000) 

 (7.2) 

— 

— 

— 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 — 

676,000 

226,000 

 (0.9) 

 (0.4) 

453,000 

273,000 

 4.9 

 3.0 

5,000 

(14,000) 

(Benefit from) provision for income 
taxes

$  (1,500,000) 

 2.0 %  

2,290,000 

 24.6 %  

3,869,000 

 13.4 %

F - 28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at 
July 31, 2021 and 2020 are presented below:

Deferred tax assets:

Inventory and warranty reserves

Compensation and commissions

2021

2020

$ 

6,774,000 

4,338,000 

5,786,000 

3,210,000 

Federal, state and foreign research and experimentation credits

19,324,000 

19,656,000 

Stock-based compensation
Foreign scientific research and experimental development 
expenditures

Federal, state and foreign net operating losses

Federal and state capital losses

Lease liabilities

Other

Less: valuation allowance

Total deferred tax assets

 Deferred tax liabilities:

Plant and equipment

Lease right-of-use assets

Intangibles

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax liabilities

4,979,000 

4,955,000 

1,496,000 

5,413,000 

15,582,000 

10,980,000 

4,550,000 

1,765,000 

3,942,000 

28,000 

7,335,000 

6,572,000 

(28,384,000)   

(11,471,000) 

45,052,000 

41,778,000 

(1,146,000)   

(801,000) 

(10,085,000)   

(7,080,000) 

(54,635,000)   

(50,368,000) 

(65,866,000)   

(58,249,000) 

$ 

(20,814,000)   

(16,471,000) 

At July 31, 2021, our net deferred tax liability of $20,814,000 includes $416,000 of foreign net deferred tax assets that 
were recorded as other assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At July 31, 2020, our net deferred tax liability 
of  $16,471,000  includes  $1,166,000  of  foreign  net  deferred  tax  assets  that  were  recorded  as  other  assets,  net  in  our 
Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We provide for income taxes under the provisions of ASC 740 which requires an asset and liability based approach in 
accounting for income taxes. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is 
more likely than not that some portion or all of them will not be realized. If management determines that it is more 
likely than not that some or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded 
against such deferred tax assets.

At July 31, 2021, we have federal research and experimentation credits of $9,471,000 that will begin to expire in 2028. 
The  timing  and  manner  in  which  we  may  utilize  tax  credits  in  future  tax  years  will  be  limited  by  the  amounts  and 
timing of future taxable income and by the application of the ownership change rules under Section 383 of the Internal 
Revenue Code.

F - 29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

We  have  state  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  available  of  $3,267,000,  which  expire  through  2040,  utilization  of 
which  will  be  limited  by  the  amounts  and  timing  of  future  taxable  income  and  by  the  application  of  the  ownership 
change rules under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit 
from certain state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a 
valuation allowance of $3,178,000 on the deferred tax assets relating to these state net operating loss carryforwards. 
We  have  state  research  and  experimentation  credit  carryforwards  of  $8,038,000,  which  expire  through  2040.  We 
believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state research and experimentation credits will not be 
realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $7,451,000 on the deferred tax assets 
relating  to  these  state  credits.  We  have  federal  and  state  capital  loss  carryforwards  of  $15,582,000,  which  begin  to 
expire in 2026. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from these capital losses will not be realized. 
In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $15,582,000 on the deferred tax assets relating 
to these capital losses. 

At July 31, 2021, we had foreign deferred tax assets relating to net operating loss carryforwards of $2,116,000, which 
will begin to expire in 2032. We believe that it is more likely than not that certain net operating loss carryforwards 
may not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $656,000 on the deferred 
tax assets relating to these net operating loss carryforwards. We have foreign deferred tax assets relating to research 
and experimentation credits of $1,814,000, which will begin to expire in 2024. Our foreign earnings and profits are 
insignificant and, as such, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on unremitted foreign earnings.

We must generate $193,800,000 of taxable income in the future to fully utilize our net deferred tax assets as of July 31, 
2021.  Management  believes  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  results  of  future  operations  will  generate  sufficient 
taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets.

At July 31, 2021 and 2020, total unrecognized tax benefits were $9,172,000 and $8,345,000, respectively, including 
interest of $163,000 and $75,000, respectively. At July 31, 2021 and 2020, $2,717,000 and 1,963,000, respectively, of 
our unrecognized tax benefits were recorded as non-current income taxes payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. 
The remaining unrecognized tax benefits of $6,455,000 and $6,382,000 at July 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were 
presented  as  an  offset  to  the  associated  non-current  deferred  tax  assets  on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.  Of  the 
total unrecognized tax benefits, $8,408,000 and $7,700,000 at July 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, net of the reversal 
of the federal benefit recognized as a deferred tax asset relating to state reserves, would favorably impact our effective 
tax rate, if recognized. Unrecognized tax benefits result from income tax positions taken or expected to be taken on our 
income tax returns for which a tax benefit has not been recorded in our consolidated financial statements. We do not 
expect that there will be any significant changes to our total unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

Our policy is to recognize potential interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The 
following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019 
(excluding interest):

Balance at beginning of period

Increase related to current period

Increase related to prior periods

Expiration of statute of limitations

Decrease related to prior periods

Balance at end of period

2021

2020

2019

$ 

8,270,000 

7,203,000 

9,137,000 

528,000 

338,000 

(48,000)   

(79,000)   

684,000 

464,000 

893,000 

17,000 

(73,000)   

(394,000) 

(8,000)   

(2,450,000) 

$ 

9,009,000 

8,270,000 

7,203,000 

Our  U.S.  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2018  through  2020  are  subject  to  potential  future  Internal  Revenue 
Service  ("IRS")  audit.  None  of  our  state  income  tax  returns  prior  to  fiscal  2017  are  subject  to  audit.  Future  tax 
assessments or settlements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial 
condition.

F - 30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(10) Stock-Based Compensation

Overview

We  issue  stock-based  awards  to  certain  of  our  employees  and  our  Board  of  Directors  pursuant  to  our  2000  Stock 
Incentive  Plan,  as  amended  and/or  restated  from  time  to  time  (the  "Plan")  and  our  2001  Employee  Stock  Purchase 
Plan, as amended and/or restated from time to time (the "ESPP"), and recognize related stock-based compensation in 
our  consolidated  financial  statements.  The  Plan  provides  for  the  granting  to  employees  and  consultants  of  Comtech 
(including prospective employees and consultants): (i) incentive and non-qualified stock options, (ii) restricted stock 
units  ("RSUs"),  (iii)  RSUs  with  performance  measures  (which  we  refer  to  as  "performance  shares"),  (iv)  restricted 
stock,  (v)  stock  units  (reserved  for  issuance  to  non-employee  directors)  and  share  units  (reserved  for  issuance  to 
employees) (collectively, "share units") and (vi) stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), among other types of awards. Our 
non-employee  directors  are  eligible  to  receive  non-discretionary  grants  of  stock-based  awards,  subject  to  certain 
limitations.

As of July 31, 2021, the aggregate number of shares of common stock which may be issued, pursuant to the Plan, may 
not exceed 10,962,500. Stock options granted may not have a term exceeding ten years or, in the case of an incentive 
stock award granted to a stockholder who owns stock representing more than 10.0% of the voting power, no more than 
five years. We expect to settle all outstanding awards under the Plan and employee purchases under the ESPP with the 
issuance of new shares of our common stock.

As of July 31, 2021, we had granted stock-based awards pursuant to the Plan representing the right to purchase and/or 
acquire an aggregate of 9,350,696 shares (net of 4,716,649 expired and canceled awards), of which an aggregate of 
7,208,891 have been exercised or settled. 

As of July 31, 2021, the following stock-based awards, by award type, were outstanding:

Stock options
Performance shares
RSUs and restricted stock
Share units
Total

July 31, 2021

1,073,435 
236,464 
568,399 
263,507 
2,141,805 

Our ESPP provides for the issuance of up to 1,050,000 shares of our common stock. Our ESPP is intended to provide 
our  eligible  employees  the  opportunity  to  acquire  our  common  stock  at  85%  of  fair  market  value  at  the  date  of 
issuance. Through July 31, 2021, we have cumulatively issued 894,771 shares of our common stock to participating 
employees in connection with our ESPP.

Stock-based compensation for awards issued is reflected in the following line items in our Consolidated Statements of 
Operations:

Cost of sales

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research and development expenses
Stock-based compensation expense 
before income tax benefit
Estimated income tax benefit
Net stock-based compensation expense

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

$ 

929,000 

8,091,000 

963,000 

2020

823,000 

7,527,000 

925,000 

2019

1,047,000 

9,336,000 

1,044,000 

9,983,000 
(2,164,000)   
7,819,000 

9,275,000 
(2,042,000)   
7,233,000 

11,427,000 
(2,553,000) 
8,874,000 

$ 

F - 31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards is measured at the date of grant, based on an estimate of the 
fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the vesting period of the award. At July 31, 2021, unrecognized 
stock-based compensation of $9,625,000, net of estimated forfeitures of $1,040,000, is expected to be recognized over 
a weighted average period of 3.0 years. Total stock-based compensation capitalized and included in ending inventory 
at  both  July  31,  2021  and  2020  was  $48,000.  There  are  no  liability-classified  stock-based  awards  outstanding  as  of 
July 31, 2021 or 2020.

Stock-based compensation expense (benefit), by award type, is summarized as follows:

Stock options

Performance shares

RSUs and restricted stock

ESPP

Share units
Stock-based compensation expense before income tax 

benefit

Estimated income tax benefit

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2020

2021

2019

$ 

370,000 

1,345,000 

2,985,000 

208,000 

5,075,000 

442,000 

1,491,000 

2,543,000 

222,000 

4,577,000 

739,000 

1,554,000 

2,149,000 

215,000 

6,770,000 

9,983,000 

9,275,000 

11,427,000 

(2,164,000)   

(2,042,000)   

(2,553,000) 

Net stock-based compensation expense

$ 

7,819,000 

7,233,000 

8,874,000 

ESPP stock-based compensation expense primarily relates to the 15% discount offered to participants in the ESPP.

During the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 we recorded benefits of $616,000, $310,000 and $130,000 
respectively, which primarily represents the recoupment of certain share units.

The estimated income tax benefit as shown in the above table was computed using income tax rates expected to apply 
when the awards are settled. Such deferred tax asset was recorded net as part of our non-current deferred tax liability 
on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  as  of  July  31,  2021  and  2020.  The  actual  income  tax  benefit  recognized  for  tax 
reporting is based on the fair market value of our common stock at the time of settlement and can significantly differ 
from the estimated income tax benefit recorded for financial reporting. 

F - 32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Stock Options 

The following table summarizes the Plan's activity:

Outstanding at July 31, 2018
Expired/canceled
Exercised
Outstanding at July 31, 2019
Granted
Expired/canceled
Exercised
Outstanding at July 31, 2020
Expired/canceled
Outstanding at July 31, 2021

Awards
(in Shares)

Weighted 
Average
Exercise Price
28.72 
30.11 
28.18 
28.72 
17.88 
29.06 
28.82 
26.17 
27.44 
25.76 

1,668,975  $ 
(32,490)   
(80,930)   

1,555,555 
327,100 
(174,840)   
(285,790)   
1,422,025 
(348,590)   
1,073,435  $ 

Weighted 
Average
Remaining 
Contractual
Term (Years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

4.31 $ 

2,178,000 

Exercisable at July 31, 2021

835,755  $ 

28.00 

3.03 $ 

492,000 

Vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2021

1,060,830  $ 

25.85 

4.26 $ 

2,088,000 

Stock options outstanding as of July 31, 2021 have exercise prices ranging from $17.88 - $33.94, representing the fair 
market value of our common stock on the date of grant, a contractual term of ten years and a vesting period of five 
years. The total intrinsic value relating to stock options exercised during the fiscal years ended July 31 2020 and 2019 
was  $1,869,000  and  $576,000,  respectively.  There  were  no  stock  options  exercised  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
July 31, 2021.

During  fiscal  2020  and  2019,  at  the  election  of  certain  holders  of  vested  stock  options,  269,090  and  72,830, 
respectively,  of  stock  options  were  net  settled  upon  exercise.  As  a  result,  27,994  and  9,345  shares  of  our  common 
stock were issued during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, net of shares retained to satisfy 
the exercise price and minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

There  were  no  stock  options  granted  during  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2021  or  2019.  The  estimated  per-share 
weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during fiscal 2020 was $5.52, which was determined 
using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model,  and  included  weighted  average  assumptions  as  follows:  (i)  expected 
dividend yield of 2.24%, (ii) expected volatility of 40.03%, (iii) risk-free interest rate of 0.54%, and (iv) expected life 
of 6.5 years.

Expected dividend yield is the expected annual dividend as a percentage of the fair market value of our common stock 
on the date of grant, based on our Board's annual dividend target at the time of grant. We estimate expected volatility 
by  considering  the  historical  volatility  of  our  stock  and  the  implied  volatility  of  publicly-traded  call  options  on  our 
stock.  The  risk-free  interest  rate  is  based  on  the  U.S.  Treasury  yield  curve  in  effect  at  the  time  of  grant  for  an 
instrument which closely approximates the expected term. The expected term is the number of years we estimate that 
awards will be outstanding prior to exercise and is determined by employee groups with sufficiently distinct behavior 
patterns. Assumptions used in computing the fair value of stock-based awards reflect our best estimates, but involve 
uncertainties relating to market and other conditions, many of which are outside of our control. Estimates of fair value 
are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by recipients of stock-based awards.

F - 33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Performance Shares, RSUs, Restricted Stock and Share Unit Awards

The  following  table  summarizes  the  Plan's  activity  relating  to  performance  shares,  RSUs,  restricted  stock  and  share 
units:

Outstanding at July 31, 2018
Granted
Settled
Canceled/Forfeited
Outstanding at July 31, 2019
Granted
Settled
Canceled/Forfeited

Outstanding at July 31, 2020

Granted

Settled

Canceled/Forfeited

Outstanding at July 31, 2021

Awards
(in Shares)

Weighted 
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

$ 

818,438 
442,363 
(275,619) 
(30,506) 
954,676 
560,361 
(431,581) 
(83,882) 

999,574 

644,272 

(455,564) 

(119,912) 

19.78 
29.76 
26.05 
25.52 
22.40 
19.93 
22.02 
22.84 

21.15 

19.06 

17.09 

18.42 

1,068,370 

$ 

21.93 

$  26,677,000 

Vested at July 31, 2021

373,522 

$ 

21.84 

$ 

9,327,000 

Vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2021

1,023,923 

$ 

21.93 

$  25,567,000 

The total intrinsic value relating to fully-vested awards settled during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 
2019 was $9,878,000, $9,635,000 and $8,772,000 respectively.

The performance shares granted to employees principally vest over a three-year performance period, if pre-established 
performance goals are attained, or as specified pursuant to the Plan and related agreements. As of July 31, 2021, the 
number of outstanding performance shares included in the above table, and the related compensation expense prior to 
consideration of estimated pre-vesting forfeitures, assume achievement of the pre-established goals at a target level. 

RSUs and restricted stock granted to non-employee directors prior to July 31, 2019 have a vesting period of three years 
and are convertible into shares of our common stock generally at the time of termination, on a one-for-one basis for no 
cash  consideration,  or  earlier  under  certain  circumstances.  RSUs  and  restricted  stock  granted  to  non-employee 
directors after July 31, 2019 have a vesting period of five years. RSUs granted to employees have a vesting period of 
five years and are convertible into shares of our common stock generally at the time of vesting, on a one-for-one basis 
for no cash consideration. 

Share  units  granted  prior  to  July  31,  2017  were  vested  when  issued  and  are  convertible  into  shares  of  our  common 
stock, generally at the time of termination, on a one-for-one basis for no cash consideration, or earlier under certain 
circumstances. Share units granted on or after July 31, 2017 were granted to certain employees in lieu of non-equity 
incentive  compensation  and  are  convertible  into  shares  of  our  common  stock  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the 
respective grant date. 

On July 31, 2021, 253,257 fully vested share units were granted to certain employees in lieu of fiscal 2021 non-equity 
incentive compensation. Also, on July 31, 2021, 266,354 fully vested share units (previously granted in lieu of fiscal 
2020  non-equity  incentive  compensation)  were  settled  by  delivery  of  98,502  shares  of  our  common  stock  after 
reduction of share units retained to satisfy employees’ statutory tax withholding requirements. Cumulatively, through 
July 31, 2021, 949,357 share units granted have been settled.

F - 34

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The fair value of performance shares, RSUs, restricted stock and share units is determined using the closing market 
price of our common stock on the date of grant, less the present value of any estimated future dividend equivalents 
such awards are not entitled to receive and an applicable estimated discount for any post-vesting transfer restrictions. 
RSUs,  performance  shares  and  restricted  stock  granted  since  fiscal  2013  are  entitled  to  dividend  equivalents  unless 
forfeited  before  vesting  occurs.  Share  units  granted  since  fiscal  2014  are  entitled  to  dividend  equivalents  while  the 
underlying shares are unissued.

Dividend  equivalents  are  subject  to  forfeiture,  similar  to  the  terms  of  the  underlying  stock-based  awards,  and  are 
payable in cash generally at the time of settlement of the underlying award. During fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, we 
accrued  $380,000,  $294,000  and  $327,000,  respectively,  of  dividend  equivalents  (net  of  forfeitures)  and  paid  out 
$279,000, $288,000 and $263,000, respectively. Accrued dividend equivalents were recorded as a reduction to retained 
earnings. As of July 31, 2021 and 2020, accrued dividend equivalents were $884,000 and $783,000, respectively. 

With  respect  to  the  actual  settlement  of  stock-based  awards  for  income  tax  reporting,  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
July 31, 2021, we recorded an income tax benefit of $142,000, and during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2020 and 
2019 we recorded an income tax expense of $224,000 and an income tax benefit of $479,000, respectively.

Subsequent Events

In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the issuance of stock-based awards with a total 
unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, of approximately $6,185,000.

(11) Segment Information

Reportable  operating  segments  are  determined  based  on  Comtech’s  management  approach.  The  management 
approach,  as  defined  by  FASB  ASC  280  "Segment  Reporting"  is  based  on  the  way  that  the  CODM  organizes  the 
segments within an enterprise for making decisions about resources to be allocated and assessing their performance. 
Our CODM, for purposes of FASB ASC 280, is our Chief Executive Officer. We manage our business through the 
following reportable operating segments:

Our Commercial Solutions segment offers satellite ground station technologies (such as modems and amplifiers) and 
public  safety  and  location  technologies  (such  as  911  call  routing,  911  call  handling  and  mapping  solutions)  to 
commercial  customers  and  smaller  government  customers,  such  as  state  and  local  governments.  This  segment  also 
serves  certain  large  government  customers  (including  the  U.S.  government)  that  have  requirements  for  off-the-shelf 
commercial equipment.

Our  Government  Solutions  segment  provides  tactical  satellite-based  networks  and  ongoing  support  for  complicated 
communications networks, troposcatter systems and solid-state, high-power amplifiers to large government end-users 
(including those of foreign countries), large international customers and domestic prime contractors.

Our  CODM  primarily  uses  a  metric  that  we  refer  to  as  Adjusted  EBITDA  to  measure  an  operating  segment’s 
performance and to make decisions about resources to be allocated. Our Adjusted EBITDA metric for the Commercial 
Solutions  and  Government  Solutions  segments  do  not  consider  any  allocation  of  indirect  expense,  or  any  of  the 
following:  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and  other,  write-off  of  deferred  financing  costs,  interest  expense, 
amortization of stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, depreciation expense, estimated contract 
settlement  costs,  settlement  of  intellectual  property  litigation,  acquisition  plan  expenses,  restructuring  costs, 
COVID-19  related  costs,  strategic  emerging  technology  costs  (for  next-generation  satellite  technology),  facility  exit 
costs,  strategic  alternatives  expenses,  proxy  solicitation  related  costs  and  other.  These  items,  while  periodically 
affecting our results, may vary significantly from period to period and may have a disproportionate effect in a given 
period, thereby affecting the comparability of results. Any amounts shown in the Adjusted EBITDA calculation for our 
Commercial Solutions and Government Solutions segments are directly attributable to those segments. Our Adjusted 
EBITDA is also used by our management in assessing the Company's operating results. Although closely aligned, the 
Company's definition of Adjusted EBITDA is different than the Consolidated EBITDA (as such term is defined in our 
Credit  Facility)  utilized  for  financial  covenant  calculations  and  also  may  differ  from  the  definition  of  EBITDA  or 
Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and, therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used 
by other companies.

F - 35

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Operating segment information, along with a reconciliation of segment net income (loss) and consolidated net income 
to Adjusted EBITDA is presented in the tables below:

Net sales

Operating income (loss)

Net income (loss)

 Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

 Interest (income) and other

 Interest expense

 Amortization of stock-based compensation

 Amortization of intangibles

 Depreciation

 Acquisition plan expenses

 Restructuring costs

 COVID-19 related costs

 Strategic emerging technology costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Long-lived assets acquired in connection with 
acquisitions

Total assets at July 31, 2021

Net sales

Operating income (loss)

Net income (loss)

 Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

 Interest (income) and other

 Interest expense

 Amortization of stock-based compensation

 Amortization of intangibles

 Depreciation

 Estimated contract settlement costs

 Acquisition plan expenses

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Long-lived assets acquired in connection with 
acquisitions

Total assets at July 31, 2020

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Total

360,146,000 

41,064,000 

39,200,000 

1,794,000 

68,000 

2,000 

— 

17,054,000 

7,451,000 

(1,052,000)   

1,804,000 

— 

— 

221,549,000 

—  $  581,695,000 

8,402,000 

  (117,764,000)  $ 

(68,298,000) 

9,553,000 

  (122,233,000)  $ 

(73,480,000) 

(1,376,000)   

(1,918,000)   

(1,500,000) 

161,000 

64,000 

— 

3,966,000 

1,586,000 

(368,000)   

(139,000) 

6,755,000 

9,983,000 

6,821,000 

9,983,000 

— 

21,020,000 

342,000 

9,379,000 

— 

  101,344,000 

100,292,000 

978,000 

1,046,000 

315,000 

— 

— 

— 

2,782,000 

1,046,000 

315,000 

66,321,000 

16,293,000 

(6,095,000)  $ 

76,519,000 

10,899,000 

5,055,000 

83,000  $ 

16,037,000 

45,515,000 

738,095,000 

2,443,000 

—  $ 

47,958,000 

232,763,000 

22,253,000  $  993,111,000 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2020

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Total

353,730,000 

34,820,000 

262,985,000 

—  $  616,715,000 

19,988,000 

(39,634,000)  $ 

15,174,000 

34,414,000 

20,232,000 

(47,626,000)  $ 

7,020,000 

410,000 

(31,000)   

27,000 

— 

17,325,000 

8,347,000 

444,000 

751,000 

(100,000)   

1,980,000 

(169,000)   

10,000 

25,000 

— 

4,270,000 

1,446,000 

— 

— 

6,002,000 

9,275,000 

— 

768,000 

— 

2,290,000 

(190,000) 

6,054,000 

9,275,000 

21,595,000 

10,561,000 

444,000 

20,003,000 

20,754,000 

61,687,000  $ 

25,704,000  $ 

(9,588,000)  $ 

77,803,000 

5,281,000 

1,617,000 

327,000  $ 

7,225,000 

6,060,000 

647,964,000 

32,391,000 

—  $ 

38,451,000 

232,052,000 

49,631,000  $  929,647,000 

F - 36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Net sales

Operating income (loss)

Net income (loss)

 Provision for income taxes

 Interest (income) and other

 Write-off of deferred financing costs

 Interest expense

 Amortization of stock-based compensation

 Amortization of intangibles

 Depreciation

 Estimated contract settlement costs

 Settlement of intellectual property litigation 

 Acquisition plan expenses

 Facility exit costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Long-lived assets acquired in connection with 
acquisitions

Total assets at July 31, 2019

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2019

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Unallocated

Total

357,293,000 

36,053,000 

314,504,000 

—  $  671,797,000 

28,997,000 

(23,643,000)  $ 

41,407,000 

35,888,000 

29,029,000 

(39,876,000)  $ 

25,041,000 

19,000 

75,000 

— 

71,000 

— 

14,944,000 

9,265,000 

6,351,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3,850,000 

(41,000)   

1,000 

3,869,000 

35,000 

3,217,000 

9,245,000 

11,427,000 

18,320,000 

11,927,000 

6,351,000 

3,217,000 

9,165,000 

11,427,000 

— 

771,000 

— 

(3,204,000)   

(3,204,000) 

5,871,000 

— 

5,871,000 

1,373,000 

— 

9,000 

— 

3,376,000 

1,891,000 

— 

— 

— 

1,373,000 

66,613,000 

35,637,000 

(8,778,000)  $ 

93,472,000 

6,293,000 

1,902,000 

590,000  $ 

8,785,000 

60,693,000 

662,580,000 

— 

—  $ 

60,693,000 

186,438,000 

38,693,000  $  887,711,000 

Unallocated  expenses  result  from  corporate  expenses  such  as  executive  compensation,  accounting,  legal  and  other 
regulatory  compliance  related  costs  and  also  includes  all  of  our  amortization  of  stock-based  compensation.  During 
fiscal  2021,  2020  and  2019,  we  recorded  $100,292,000,  $20,754,000  and  $5,871,000  of  acquisition  plan  expenses, 
respectively,  most  of  which  were  recorded  primarily  in  our  unallocated  expenses.  See  Note  (2)  -"Acquisitions"  for 
further information. In addition, offsetting unallocated expenses in fiscal 2019 is a $3,204,000 benefit as a result of a 
favorable  ruling  issued  by  the  U.S.  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Federal  Circuit  related  to  a  legacy  TCS  intellectual 
property matter.

During  fiscal  2021,  our  Commercial  Solutions  segment  recorded  $1,804,000  of  restructuring  costs  incurred  to  shift 
production of our key satellite earth station products to a new 146,000 square foot facility in Chandler, Arizona. There 
were no such charges recorded in fiscal 2020 or 2019.

During  fiscal  2021,  our  Government  Solutions  segment  recorded  $978,000  of  restructuring  costs  incurred  to 
consolidate certain administrative and operating functions in our tactical communications technologies product line. In 
addition,  during  fiscal  2021,  this  segment  also  recorded  $1,046,000  of  incremental  operating  costs  related  to  our 
antenna  facility  located  in  the  United  Kingdom  due  to  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  which  resulted  in  a 
temporary but complete shut-down of this facility. There were no such charges recorded in fiscal 2020 or 2019.

Interest expense in the tables above primarily relates to our Credit Facility, and includes the amortization of deferred 
financing  costs.  See  Note  (7)  -  "Credit  Facility"  for  further  discussion.  In  addition,  interest  expense  for  fiscal  2021 
includes  $1,178,000  of  incremental  interest  expense  related  to  a  now  terminated  financing  commitment  letter,  as 
discussed  in  more  detail  in  Note  (2)  -  "Acquisitions."  During  fiscal  2019,  we  recorded  a  $3,217,000  loss  from  the 
write-off of deferred financing costs primarily related to the Term Loan Facility portion of our Prior Credit Facility. 
See Note (7) - "Credit Facility" for further discussion.

F - 37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Intersegment sales in fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 by the Commercial Solutions segment to the Government Solutions 
segment  were  $3,481,000,  $9,837,000  and  $17,371,000,  respectively.  There  were  nominal  sales  by  the  Government 
Solutions segment to the Commercial Solutions segment for these fiscal periods. All intersegment sales are eliminated 
in consolidation and are excluded from the tables above.

Unallocated assets at July 31, 2021 consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, income taxes receivable, corporate 
property, plant and equipment and deferred financing costs. The large majority of our long-lived assets are located in 
the U.S.

(12) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Proceedings and Other Matters

April 2021 Settlement of Litigation Related to the 2019 Acquisition of GD NG-911
In April 2021, we fully and finally settled two related lawsuits with a former employee and Motorola Solutions, Inc. 
("Motorola"), and the cases were dismissed with the Court's approval. The resolution of this litigation, which related to 
our 2019 acquisition of GD NG-911, did not have a material negative impact on our consolidated results of operations, 
cash flows, or financial position.

Other Matters 
In  March  2021,  Comtech  Xicom  Technology,  Inc.  (“Xicom”)  reached  an  agreement  with  the  U.S.  Department  of 
Commerce’s  Bureau  of  Industry  and  Security  (“BIS”)  resolving  a  previously  disclosed  matter  pending  since  2017, 
which we made a voluntarily disclosure to the U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Export Enforcement (“OEE”). 
Based on our own audit of approximately 7,800 transactions, it was determined that for three (3) separate transactions 
between  December  2015  and  March  2017,  Xicom  engaged  in  conduct  prohibited  by  the  Export  Administration 
Regulations (the “Regulations”) when it exported items subject to the Regulations from the United States to Russia, 
the United Arab Emirates, and Brazil without obtaining the necessary BIS authorizations required for exports to each 
of  these  countries.  The  exports  were  valued  at  $154,000.  Upon  discovery  of  this  issue,  we  implemented  additional 
controls  and  procedures  and  increased  awareness  of  these  specific  export  requirements  throughout  Comtech  to  help 
avoid  similar  occurrences  in  the  future.  Pursuant  to  the  agreement  with  BIS,  Xicom  made  a  payment  to  BIS  of 
$122,000 in April 2021. No other actions are to be taken by BIS or required of Xicom or Comtech in connection with 
this matter and we now considered the matter closed.

In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  include  indemnification  provisions  in  certain  of  our  customer  contracts  to 
indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse such customers for certain losses, including but not limited to losses related to 
third-party claims of intellectual property infringement arising from the customer’s use of our products or services. We 
may  also,  from  time  to  time,  receive  indemnification  requests  from  customers  related  to  third-party  claims  that  911 
calls were improperly routed during an emergency. We evaluate such claims as and when they arise. We do not always 
agree with customers that they are entitled to indemnification and in such cases reject their claims. Despite maintaining 
that we have properly carried out our duties, we may seek coverage under our various insurance policies; however, we 
cannot  be  sure  that  we  will  be  able  to  maintain  or  obtain  insurance  coverage  at  acceptable  costs  or  in  sufficient 
amounts  or  that  our  insurer  will  not  disclaim  coverage  as  to  such  claims.  Accordingly,  pending  or  future  claims 
asserted  against  us  by  a  party  that  we  agree  to  indemnify  could  result  in  legal  costs  and  damages  that  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

There are certain other pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the normal course of business. Although the 
ultimate outcome of litigation is difficult to accurately predict, we believe that the outcome of these other pending and 
threatened  actions  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  financial  condition  or  results  of 
operations.

(b) Employment Change of Control and Indemnification Agreements

We have an employment agreement with our CEO and Chairman. The employment agreement generally provides for 
an  annual  salary  and  bonus  award.  We  have  also  entered  into  change  of  control  agreements  with  certain  of  our 
executive  officers  and  certain  key  employees.  All  of  these  agreements  may  require  payments  by  us,  in  certain 
circumstances, including, but not limited to, a change in control of our Company or termination of the employee. 

F - 38

 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(13) Goodwill

The  following  table  represents  goodwill  by  reportable  operating  segment,  including  the  changes  in  the  net  carrying 
value of goodwill as of July 31, 2021: 

Commercial 
Solutions

Government 
Solutions

Total

Balance as of July 31, 2020

$ 

255,432,000 

75,087,000  $  330,519,000 

Changes related to CGC acquisition
Changes related to Solacom Technologies 
Inc. ("Solacom")

UHP acquisition

— 

2,222,000 

2,222,000 

1,052,000 

13,905,000 

— 

— 

1,052,000 

13,905,000 

Balance as of July 31, 2021

$ 

270,389,000 

77,309,000  $  347,698,000 

During fiscal 2021, we recorded an adjustment to Solacom's goodwill to correct an immaterial item.

In accordance with FASB ASC 350, we perform a goodwill impairment analysis at least annually (in the first quarter 
of each fiscal year), unless indicators of impairment exist in interim periods. If we fail the quantitative assessment of 
goodwill impairment ("quantitative assessment"), we would be required to recognize an impairment loss equal to the 
amount that a reporting unit's carrying value exceeded its fair value; however, any loss recognized should not exceed 
the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

On August 1, 2021 (the first day of our fiscal 2022), we performed our annual quantitative assessment using market 
participant assumptions to determine if the fair value of each of our reporting units with goodwill exceeded its carrying 
value.  In  making  this  assessment,  we  considered,  among  other  things,  expectations  of  projected  net  sales  and  cash 
flows,  assumptions  impacting  the  weighted  average  cost  of  capital,  trends  in  trading  multiples  of  comparable 
companies, changes in our stock price and changes in the carrying values of our reporting units with goodwill. We also 
considered overall business conditions.

In  performing  the  quantitative  assessment,  we  estimated  the  fair  value  of  each  of  our  reporting  units  using  a 
combination  of  the  income  and  market  approaches.  The  income  approach,  also  known  as  the  discounted  cash  flow 
("DCF") method, utilizes the present value of cash flows to estimate fair value. The future cash flows for our reporting 
units were projected based on our estimates, at that time, of future revenues, operating income and other factors (such 
as  working  capital  and  capital  expenditures).  For  purposes  of  conducting  our  impairment  analysis,  we  assumed 
revenue growth rates and cash flow projections that are below our actual long-term expectations. The discount rates 
used  in  our  DCF  method  were  based  on  a  weighted-average  cost  of  capital  ("WACC")  determined  from  relevant 
market comparisons, adjusted upward for specific reporting unit risks (primarily the uncertainty of achieving projected 
operating cash flows). A terminal value growth rate was applied to the final year of the projected period, which reflects 
our  estimate  of  stable,  perpetual  growth.  We  then  calculated  a  present  value  of  the  respective  cash  flows  for  each 
reporting  unit  to  arrive  at  an  estimate  of  fair  value  under  the  income  approach.  Under  the  market  approach,  we 
estimated  a  fair  value  based  on  comparable  companies'  market  multiples  of  revenues  and  earnings  before  interest, 
taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  and  factored  in  a  control  premium.  Finally,  we  compared  our  estimates  of  fair 
values to our August 1, 2021 total public market capitalization and assessed implied control premiums based on our 
common stock price of $24.97 as of August 1, 2021. 

Based  on  our  quantitative  evaluation,  we  determined  that  our  Commercial  Solutions  and  Government  Solutions 
reporting units had estimated fair values in excess of their carrying values of at least 22.7% and 94.1%, respectively, 
and concluded that our goodwill was not impaired and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of failing the 
quantitative assessment. 

It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2022  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could 
deteriorate from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo 
purchases  of  our  products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price 
could  fluctuate.  Such  fluctuation  could  be  caused  by  uncertainty  about  the  severity  and  length  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic, and its impact on global activity.

F - 39

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may 
also  have  a  negative  effect  on  future  orders,  sales,  income  and  cash  flows  and  we  might  be  required  to  perform  a 
quantitative assessment during fiscal 2022 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved 
in future periods or our common stock price significantly declines from current levels, our Commercial Solutions and 
Government Solutions reporting units could be at risk of failing the quantitative assessment and goodwill assigned to 
the respective reporting units could be impaired.

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2022 (the start of 
our  fiscal  2023).  If  our  assumptions  and  related  estimates  change  in  the  future,  or  if  we  change  our  reporting  unit 
structure  or  other  events  and  circumstances  change  (e.g.,  a  sustained  decrease  in  the  price  of  our  common  stock 
(considered on both absolute terms and relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we 
perform  these  tests,  or  in  other  future  periods.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be 
material to our results of operations and financial condition.

(14) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives as of July 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

Weighted Average
Amortization Period

Gross Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Amount

July 31, 2021

Customer relationships

Technologies

Trademarks and other

Total

20.2

14.8

16.7

$  302,058,000 

93,215,000  $  208,843,000 

114,949,000 

32,926,000 

70,924,000 

17,095,000 

44,025,000 

15,831,000 

$  449,933,000 

181,234,000  $  268,699,000 

July 31, 2020

Customer relationships
Technologies
Trademarks and other
Total

Weighted Average
Amortization Period
20.4
14.0
16.6

Gross Carrying
Amount
$  286,058,000 
99,349,000 
32,826,000 
$  418,233,000 

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Amount

79,534,000  $  206,524,000 
33,951,000 
65,398,000 
17,544,000 
15,282,000 
160,214,000  $  258,019,000 

The weighted average amortization period in the above table excludes fully amortized intangible assets. 

Amortization  expense  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019  was  $21,020,000,  $21,595,000  and 
$18,320,000, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense consists of the following for the fiscal years ending July 31:

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

$ 21,781,000 

  21,781,000 

  21,154,000 

  21,041,000 

  19,888,000 

We  review  net  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  for  impairment  when  an  event  occurs  indicating  the  potential  for 
impairment.  Based  on  our  last  assessment,  we  believe  that  the  carrying  values  of  our  net  intangible  assets  were 
recoverable as of July 31, 2021. However, if business conditions deteriorate, we may be required to record impairment 
losses, and or increase the amortization of intangibles in the future. Any impairment charges that we may record in the 
future could be material to our results of operations and financial condition.

F - 40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(15) Stockholders’ Equity

Sale of Common Stock
In December 2018, we filed a $400,000,000 shelf registration statement with the SEC for the sale of various types of 
securities, including debt. The shelf registration was declared effective by the SEC as of December 14, 2018.  To-date, 
we have not issued any securities pursuant to our $400,000,000 shelf registration statement.

On March 3, 2021, in connection with our acquisition of UHP, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC for 
the  sale  by  the  selling  stockholder  of  UHP  of  up  to  1,381,567  shares  of  our  common  stock.  See  Note  (2)  - 
"Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." for further information.

Stock Repurchase Program
On  September  29,  2020,  our  Board  of  Directors  authorized  a  new  $100,000,000  stock  repurchase  program,  which 
replaced our prior program. The new $100,000,000 stock repurchase program has no time restrictions and repurchases 
may be made from time to time in open-market or privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance 
with federal securities laws. There were no repurchases made during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 or 2020.

Dividends
Since  September  2010,  we  have  paid  quarterly  dividends  pursuant  to  an  annual  targeted  dividend  amount  that  was 
established by our Board of Directors. On September 29, 2020, December 9, 2020, March 11, 2021 and June 8, 2021, 
our  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  of  $0.10  per  common  share,  which  were  paid  on  October  27,  2020, 
February 19, 2021, May 21, 2021 and August 20, 2021, respectively. 

On October 4, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 12, 
2021 to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 13, 2021. Future Common Stock dividends remain 
subject to compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval.

F - 41

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(16) Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data

The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly operating results:

Fiscal 2021

Net sales

Gross profit

Net (loss) income
Diluted (loss) income 

per share

Fiscal 2020

Net sales

Gross profit

Net income (loss)
Diluted income (loss) 

per share

Fiscal 2019

Net sales

Gross profit

Net income
Diluted income per 

share

First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Total

$  135,218,000 

161,292,000 

  139,376,000 

145,809,000  $  581,695,000 

50,208,000 

55,680,000 

53,016,000 

55,054,000 

  213,958,000 

(85,840,000)   

4,205,000 

792,000 

7,363,000 

(73,480,000)   

(3.39)   

0.17 

0.03 

0.28 

(2.86)  *

First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Total

$  170,267,000 

161,654,000 

  135,121,000 

149,673,000  $  616,715,000 

63,567,000 

60,602,000 

53,001,000 

49,663,000 

  226,833,000 

6,388,000 

3,495,000 

(3,989,000)   

1,126,000 

7,020,000 

0.26 

0.14 

(0.16)   

0.04 

0.28  *

First Quarter

Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Total

$  160,844,000 

164,133,000 

  170,448,000 

176,372,000  $  671,797,000 

57,769,000 

61,245,000 

64,416,000 

64,010,000 

  247,440,000 

3,468,000 

7,826,000 

7,612,000 

6,135,000 

25,041,000 

0.14 

0.32 

0.31 

0.25 

1.03  *

*  The  per  share  information  is  computed  independently  for  each  quarter  and  the  full  year  based  on  the  respective  weighted 
average number of common shares outstanding. Therefore, income per share information for the full fiscal year may not equal the 
total of the quarters within the year.

F - 42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule II

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 

Column A

Column B

Column C Additions

Column D  

Column E

Balance at
beginning of
period

Charged to
cost and
expenses

Charged to
other 
accounts
- describe

Transfers
(deductions)
- describe

Balance at
end of
period

Description

Allowance for doubtful 
accounts receivable:

Year ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

Inventory reserves:

Year ended July 31,

(18,000)  (A)

215,000 

(B)

(318,000)  (C)

$  1,648,000 

$  1,769,000 

  1,867,000 

  1,761,000 

  1,136,000 

45,000 

(A)

(A)

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(143,000)  (C)

  (1,030,000)  (C)

1,769,000 

1,867,000 

  (3,211,000)  (E)

$ 20,229,000 

  (2,267,000)  (E)

  19,076,000 

  (3,746,000)  (E)

  19,696,000 

2021

2020

2019

$ 19,076,000 

  4,364,000 

  19,696,000 

  1,647,000 

  17,427,000 

  6,015,000 

(D)

(D)

(D)

Valuation allowance for 
deferred tax assets:

Year ended July 31,

2021

2020

2019

$ 11,471,000 

  17,750,000 

  12,568,000 

  11,854,000 

750,000 

58,000 

(F)

(F)

(F)

— 

— 

(837,000)  (F)

$ 28,384,000 

  (1,847,000)  (F)

  11,471,000 

656,000 

(G)

— 

  12,568,000 

(A) Provision for doubtful accounts.
(B)

Increase  due  to  our  adoption  FASB  ASU  No.  2016-13  ("CECL”).  See  Note  (1)(n)  "Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  and  Reporting 
Policies" for further discussion
(C) Write-off of uncollectible receivables.
(D) Provision for excess and obsolete inventory.
(E) Write-off of inventory.
(F) Change in valuation allowance. See Note (9) - "Income Taxes" for further discussion.
(G) Acquisition related valuation allowance charged to goodwill.

S - 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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C O R P O R A T E   I N F O R M A T I O N

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Fred Kornberg
Chairman of the Board and  
Chief Executive Officer

(Listed Below Alphabetically)
Judy Chambers
Managing Principal and a Member of the
Board of Meketa Investment Group

Lisa Lesavoy
Owner, Lesavoy Financial 
Perspectives, Inc.

Dr. Yacov A. Shamash
Professor of Electrical and Computer 
Engineering at Stony Brook University

Lawrence J. Waldman
Non-Executive Chairman of the Board
CVD Equipment Corporation

RETIRING DIRECTORS  
Edwin Kantor
Lead Independent Director
Executive Director of S2K Financial LLC

Ira Kaplan
Private Investor

Robert G. Paul
Private Investor

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTANTS 
Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Jericho, New York 11753

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Fred Kornberg
Chief Executive Officer

Michael D. Porcelain
President and Chief Operating Officer

Michael A. Bondi
Chief Financial Officer

Yelena Simonyuk
Managing Counsel

Nancy Stallone
Treasurer and Corporate Secretary 

Michael Plourde
Vice President of Global Engineering and Programs

Marcus Alston
Chief Trade Compliance Officer

In  October  2021,  Comtech  announced  that 
its  President  and  Chief  Operating  Officer,  
Michael Porcelain, will become Chief Executive  
Officer, succeeding Fred Kornberg, by the end 
of calendar year 2021. Mr. Porcelain will also 
continue  as  President  of  Comtech  and  join 
its  Board  of  Directors.  In  addition,  Comtech 
announced that Mark Quinlan, a Co-Founder 
and Managing Partner of White Hat Capital, 
will be appointed to the Board of Directors at 
that time.  It is anticipated that Mr. Kornberg 
will  become  an  advisor  to  the  Company  on 
technology matters and continue as a director 
and a non-executive Chairman of the Board.

MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK
Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock 
Market LLC  under the stock symbol CMTL

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
American Stock Transfer and Trust Co.
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11219

COMMON STOCK PRICE RANGE

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021
First Quarter      
Second Quarter  
Third Quarter  
Fourth Quarter  

High   

    Low

$  18.77      
  24.42   
30.40   
27.15   

$ 12.96
   14.42
   21.39
   21.15

INVESTOR RELATIONS AND SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
Visit  us  at  www.comtechtel.com  or  call  (631)  962-7005.  A  copy  of  the  Form  10-K  Annual  Report,  exhibits  and 
other  reports  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  are  available  to  shareholders.  Requests  
for  information  should  be  made  by  submitting  an  email  to  investors@comtech.com  or  by  writing  to  us  at  
Comtech  Telecommunications  Corp.,  Attention:  Corporate  Secretary,  68  South  Service  Road,  Suite  230, 
Melville, NY 11747. 

                    
 
   
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
68 South Service Road, Suite 230
Melville, New York 11747
Tel: (631) 962-7000 • Fax: (631) 962-7001
www.comtechtel.com
www.comtech.com