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Comtech Telecommunications Corp.

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FY2022 Annual Report · Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
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COMTECH

c o n n e c t i o n s   t h a t   m a t t e r ®

ANNUAL REPORT 2022

NEXT-GEN 
COMMUNICATIONS 
SOLUTIONS

Comtech marries a culture of innovation 
and engineering with an elevated 
customer experience.

Offering best-in-class insights and 
market-leading technology, Comtech is a 
one-stop shop for all your communications
and connectivity needs.

∆   SATELLITE & SPACE COMMUNICATIONS

∆   TERRESTRIAL & WIRELESS NETWORKS

SATELLITE & SPACE COMMUNICATIONS

Our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment 
designs, builds and supports a variety of sophisticated 
communications  equipment  that  is  designed  to  meet 
or exceed the highest standards for performance and 
quality  by  businesses  and  governments  worldwide. 
Applications  of  our  equipment  include  high-through-
put  cellular  backhaul  solutions,  modern  troposcatter 
communications  equipment,  satellite  ground  station 
systems, electronic components engineered for use in 
outer  space  and  high-powered  RF/microwave  ampli-
fiers  and  control  components.  Our  customers  and 
end-users  include  the  world’s  largest  corporations, 
governments  and  defense  agencies,  including  the 
U.S. government.

TERRESTRIAL & WIRELESS NETWORKS 

Our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment  is 
a  leading  provider  of  the  hardware,  software,  and 
solutions critical to any modern 911 public safety and 
mobile  network  operator  (“MNO”)  infrastructure,  as 
well as for applications services requiring the specific 
location of a mobile user’s geospatial position. From 
the  moment  a  911  call  is  made,  Comtech  provides 
highly reliable solutions that contribute to emergency 
calls  being  processed  instantly,  with  proper  routing 
to first responders. Our solutions include feature-rich 
data  sets  (such  as:  precise  location  information, 
route optimization, text messaging, photos and real-
time video), putting first responders in the best pos-
sible position to make decisions when every second 
counts. Our customers are the businesses, commu-
nities and governments that need to implement and 
improve  911  infrastructure  in  the  U.S.,  as  well  as 
MNOs  in  the  U.S.  and  abroad  that  have  a  need  to 
determine subscriber location within a network or to 
facilitate messaging services.

FISCAL 2022 REVENUE BY SEGMENT

FISCAL 2022 REVENUE BY CUSTOMER

57.5% 

42.5%

47.8%

27.2%

25%

Satellite and Space Communications
Terrestrial & Wireles Networks 

Domestic
International
U.S. Government

1

T O O U R F E L L O W   S H A R E H O L D E R S :

As  this  is  my  inaugural  shareholder  letter,  let  me  begin  with  a  quick  note  of  introduction  and 
context.  Although  relatively  new  to  Comtech,  I  have  deep  experience  leading  some  of  the 
most successful communications businesses in the world through a variety of different market 
environments. This experience includes a track record of building and leading teams to create 
sustainable, profitable growth by leveraging technology in ways that meet the continually evolving 
demands of global markets. 

In Comtech, I see enormous potential to do exactly that. Our two core markets: satellite and space 
communications, and terrestrial and wireless network infrastructures, are each changing in ways 
that create new opportunities for Comtech. We have the vision required both to understand these 
opportunities, and to make the operating decisions to maximize our ability to capitalize on them. 

Importantly, this high-growth opportunity set already maps to Comtech’s experience. Our talented 
people,  rich  culture  of  innovation,  and  portfolio  of  technology-enabled  products,  services  and 
capabilities has at times thrived in these areas. That said, I see an even brighter future ahead. 

As I have taken time to visit each of our sites, meet directly with our employees at every level, 
and fully engage with our business and technical leadership, I am extremely impressed with our 
intense focus on elevating the customer experience and improving customer outcomes. In my 
experience,  financial  results  and  value  creation  are  unlocked  when  a  creative  and  innovative 
culture like ours operates on a strong operational foundation to serve its customers. Even more 
specifically,  it’s  time  to  once  again  put  our  engineering  culture  at  the  forefront  of  how  we  run 
the company, not just how we design a given product. It is not hyperbole to say that Comtech’s 
customers look to us to help them envision the art of the possible when it comes to technology 
platforms capable of solving some of their most critical communications challenges. As we deliver 
solutions that meet these challenges and significantly improve outcomes, we create value for our 
customers, ourselves, and our shareholders.

While  Comtech’s  innovative  culture  is  what  defines  us,  it  is  also  critically  important  that  we  
maintain  a  clear  vision  of  how  and  where  to  focus  our  creative  energy.  We  must  aim  to  see 
around the corner to where our markets are headed and stay a step ahead of everyone else. As I 
look at Comtech’s two areas of undisputed expertise, they are in assured terrestrial and wireless 
network infrastructures (with trusted location-based services), and in resilient satellite and space 
communications. Historically, these have been largely independent domains, with different infra-
structures, devices, and frequency & bandwidth allocations. But today, as we look to where global 
communications markets are headed, we see the convergence - everywhere - of global terrestrial 
and satellite communications networks, and Comtech is well positioned to capitalize on this.

We  are  fortunate  to  be  in  an  era  of  vast  and  increasing  
demand 
for  always-on,  assured,  seamless  connectivity.  
The  global  demand  for  the  Internet  of  Things  is  growing  
exponentially. The number of connected devices at the edge is  
exploding.  Our  customers  are  demanding  communications  
infrastructures  with  not  only  the  capacity  to  handle  rapidly 
increasing  loads,  but  with  the  inherent  assurance  to  provide  
seamless  connectivity  all  the  time,  everywhere,  in  every 
environment,  and  in  every  imaginable  situation.  That  means 
networks  will  all,  ultimately,  converge,  blend  and  hybridize  
to  assure  uninterrupted  global  connectivity,  opening  up  a  
massive opportunity for Comtech. 

2

 
Our technology already enables and anticipates this blending of terrestrial and satellite network  
infrastructures in unique ways. Our improving business and operational performance provides the 
foundation for us to meet these demanding hybrid connectivity objectives, and make seamless 
connectivity a global reality. This is why I’ve embraced and accelerated the re-segmentation of 
our business. 

By reorganizing our NG-911, satellite, location-based services and other businesses into two new 
segments, we are simultaneously simplifying our internal operations, improving cross-collabora-
tion  between  businesses  and  increasing  reporting  transparency.  The  changes  we  are  making 
enable  us  to  collaborate  more  effectively,  identify  synergy  opportunities  and  amplify  our  voice 
with our supply chain – all benefits previously unrealized with eight individual businesses. As we 
begin Comtech’s new chapter as an enabler for the global Internet of Things, we are establishing 
the strong foundation necessary for significant growth.

Our  activity  in  the  public  safety  or  911  arena  offers  a  relevant  example.  Today,  we  are  proud 
to say that roughly 60% of all wireless 911 calls in the United States are handled by Comtech 
products and services. So far this year, we have successfully processed over 40 million 911 calls. 
As the Internet of Things expands, we envision a day where we can expand on human-enabled 
emergency  calls,  so  that  devices  themselves  can  sense  when  first  responders  need  critical  
information. For example, the era is not far off when the smart device on your wrist, or the traffic 
camera at a busy intersection, will be able to proactively source a ‘911-like’ call to provide trusted, 
critical information to a nearby first responder. Just as we are leading the way today in the NG-911 
public safety market, we are positioning to lead the way to make this future vision a reality. 

From my time at Comtech, first as an Independent Director, and then as Chairman of the Board, 
and now as your President and CEO, I keenly recognize and share the intense sense of urgency 
that I know our employees, leadership and shareholders all feel.

It is clear that Comtech has the right people and the right technologies to meet current, and future, 
customer needs. It’s also clear, however, that in recent years the company has just moved too 
slowly to really capture all the possible growth opportunities in front of it. So, now, we must move 
faster. With the changes we have already underway, my commitment to you as a new CEO is to 
act with a deep sense of urgency and purpose to improve and standardize our tools, platforms 
and  processes  across  our  various  business  operations.  We  are  locating  synergies,  enabling 
better  collaboration,  improving  operational  performance  and  identifying  significant  near-term 
opportunities to create competitive advantage for ourselves and our customers. And I can assure 
you this sense of urgency is shared across the Comtech organization, up to and including our 
Board, invigorating us all.

I’ve been across the country, and across the ocean, meeting directly with our Comtech leadership 
team. I’ve done a lot of listening, but I’ve also had very candid, often inspiring, and sometimes  
difficult,  conversations.  I  know  first-hand  that  Comtech’s  people  are  clearly  ready  to  move  – 
together – to launch this new chapter for our business. 
We all understand that it is our duty and responsibility to 
earn and keep shareholder confidence. We know there 
are  many  challenges  facing  the  Company,  and  there 
is much work to do. We have our entire team focused, 
and  we  have  the  ingredients  needed  for  Comtech  to 
deliver long-term, sustainable and profitable growth that 
will create value for our employees, our customers and  
our shareholders.

Sincerely,

Ken

3

SATELLITE & SPACE COMMUNICATIONS

Satellite Modem and Amplifier Technologies 

We believe we are a leading provider of satellite earth 
station  modems,  solid-state  amplifiers  and  traveling 
wave  tube  amplifiers.  Many  of  our  key  satellite  earth 
station  modems  incorporate  forward  error  correction 
and  bandwidth  compression  technologies,  which  en-
able our customers to optimize their satellite networks 
by  either  reducing  their  satellite  transponder  lease 
costs  or  increasing  data  throughput.  We  hold  leader-
ship  positions  in  the  market  for  high-throughput  mo-
dems used in cellular backhaul, a market that has been 
rapidly growing due to increased mobile phone usage 
and increasing data throughput demands from LTE and 
5Gdeployments worldwide. An estimated 3 billion peo-
ple  globally  remain  unconnected  to  any  wireless  ser-
vices,  representing  a  significant  opportunity.  In  fiscal 
2021,  we  introduced  a  Time  Division  Multiple Access 
(“TDMA”)  technology  solution  which  offers  best-in-
class support for very large satellite networks that use 
Very Small Aperture Terminals (“VSATs”). This technol-
ogy  allows  our  customers  to  cost-effectively  provide 
wireless services to end-users in complex geographies 
or areas where cellular infrastructure is otherwise un-
available. In fiscal 2022, we introduced ELEVATE™, a 
revolutionary  solution  that  combines  our  Heights  Dy-
namic Network Access (“H-DNA”) and TDMA technolo-
gies into a single VSAT platform that delivers increased 
value to our customers by enabling private or shared 
VSAT  networks  of  any  size  and  topology  on  a  single 
unified  platform.  To  date,  although  sales  cycles  are 
long, we have made good progress in securing several 
significant orders for ELEVATE™.

We  also  provide  rugged,  highly  efficient,  and  reli-
able  amplifiers  for  commercial  and  military  applica-
tions  around  the  world.  These  High-Power Amplifiers 
(“HPAs”)  are  used  in  critical  communications  links  on 
the ground, in the air and on the sea; they support fixed 
traditional and direct-to-home broadcast, mobile news 
gathering, transportable and flyaway systems, secure 

4

high data rate communications, and broadband access 
over  satcom.  These  products  include  configurations 
that are formally qualified for use on aircraft. Finally, we 
believe  we  are  well-positioned  in  the  millimeter  wave 
(“mmWave”) market and expect that market to continue 
to grow as new satellite constellations move into those 
higher,  less  crowded  frequencies.  The  Ka  band  LEO 
and  MEO  amplifiers  that  we  design  and  manufacture 
for  large  commercial  customers’  non-GEO  constella-
tions represent key strategic wins as we build position 
in higher frequency bands.

Troposcatter and SATCOM Solutions  

With persistent threats from state and non-state actors, 
governments around the world are increasingly seek-
ing  ways  to  mitigate  vulnerabilities  using  information 
and more reliable communication systems to increase 
decision-makers’  situational  awareness.  Many  of  our 
mission-critical  technologies  are  part  of  integrated 
communication infrastructure systems such as the U.S. 
military’s  Command,  Control,  Communications,  Com-
puters,  Cyber  Intelligence,  Surveillance  and  Recon-
naissance (also known as “C5ISR”) systems and sim-
ilarly complex networks for international governments.

We  believe  we  are  a  world  leader  in  the  design  and 
supply of troposcatter equipment. We have designed, 
manufactured,  and  delivered  troposcatter  systems 
(sometimes  referred  to  as  over-the-horizon  (“OTH”) 
microwave products and systems) for over fifty years.

Our OTH systems, which include our patented forward 
error correction technology, can transmit video and oth-
er  broadband  applications  at  high  throughputs  in  the 
most demanding environments: U.S. and foreign gov-
ernments use our over-the-horizon microwave systems 
to,  among  other  things,  transmit  radar  tracking,  run 
C5ISR applications and connect to remote border loca-
tions. Additionally, energy companies use our systems 
to enable communication links for offshore oil rigs and 

 
 
 
other  remote  locations,  as  well  as  for  exploration  ac-
tivities. The Comtech COMET™, introduced two years 
ago,  is  a  rapidly  deployable  OTH  microwave  system 
that directly addresses a void in capabilities that have 
long  been  desired  by  tactical  communications  plan-
ners: low probability of intercept and low probability of 
detection  (“LPI/LPD”),  while  providing  high  reliability, 
mission  essential  communications.  The  COMET™  is 
capable  of  being  transported  in  a  carrying  case  by  a 
single  individual  and  set  up  in  under  fifteen  minutes, 
extending  critical  services  into  areas  where  there  is 
no communications infrastructure, or the infrastructure 
has  been  destroyed.  U.S.  Special  Forces,  as  well  as 
non-U.S. NATO forces, have already begun procuring 
and deploying the COMET™ for high reliability, mission 
essential communications.

We provide field support sustainment services, central-
ized and deployed depot services, and technology in-
sertion services to the U.S. Army’s AN/TSC-198 family 
of communication systems that are commonly referred 
to as “SNAP” (Secret Internet Protocol Router (“SIPR”) 
and  Non-secure  Internet  Protocol  Router  (“NIPR”) 
Access  Point)  VSATs,  support  for  the Army  “SCOUT” 
(Scalable Class of Unified Terminals), and Army T2C2 
(Tactical Command Communication). We also provide 
sustainment  services  for  the  U.S. Army’s  Blue  Force 
Tracking-1 (“BFT-1”) system in addition to support for 
Army  IP  networks.  Our  field  support  services  include 
providing U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) person-
nel with curriculum development and training services 
to support cybersecurity workforce development.

Space Components and Antennas 

For  over  45  years,  we  have  been  recognized  as  an 
industry  leader  and  global  supplier  of  high-reliability 
products and supply chain management and engineer-
ing  services,  supporting  selection  of  space-qualified 
parts for satellite and launch vehicle tracking solutions 
geared for critical NASA programs as well as several 
international  space  and  defense  agencies.  Our  engi-
neers are not only involved in the design of products, 
but  our  technical  team  is  heavily  involved  with  the 
customer  development  of  electronic  parts  and  testing 
specifications to assure capability, reliability and radia-
tion tolerance to specific mission/project requirements 
both  as  an  individual  service  and  for  Electrical,  Elec-
tronic,  and  Electromechanical  (“EEE”)  parts  supplied 
to  our  customers.  We  also  lead  and  conduct  failure 
analysis  investigations  and  assist  with  manufacturing 
and test problems at the source and support reporting 
and  selloff  with  the  customer  and  its  prime  (such  as 

the Japanese Space Exploration Agency (“JAXA”) and 
NASA). Our quality engineering team assures that the 
product  received  from  our  suppliers  and  test  facilities 
are compliant to their respective specifications prior to 
shipment to our end customers. Most recently, our ser-
vice  offerings  have  been  expanded  to  include  kitting 
to  customer  Bill  of  Materials  with  direct  shipments  to 
customer  designated  contract  manufacturers.  Within 
the satellite communications market, we are a leading 
provider of X/Y terminal solutions that fully support the 
mission requirements of LEO, MEO and GEO satellite 
communication  and  tracking  requirements,  offering  a 
host  of  high-performance  single-band  and  multi-band 
feed solutions. We also supply maritime antenna solu-
tions that are fielded by foreign governments.

High Power Amplifiers and Switches

We  offer  several  unique  high-performance  transmit 
and  receive  technologies  used  in  sophisticated  com-
munication  systems,  including  electronic  warfare,  ra-
dar,  data  link,  medical  and  identification  friend  or  foe 
(“IFF”). As our customers push the envelope for mobil-
ity, speed and frequency, we believe that demand for 
high-performance  transmission  products  will  increase 
over time.

Our  solid-state,  high-power  RF  microwave  amplifiers 
and related switching control technologies are utilized 
in  many  critical  applications,  including  electronic  war-
fare, communications, radar, data link, IFF and medical 
applications (such as oncology treatment systems). In 
the electronic warfare marketplace, we support a vari-
ety of legacy systems and are participating in the on-
going  migration  to  platforms  that  require  smaller  and 
lighter amplifiers integrated with additional signal pro-
cessing functionality, providing more complete transmit 
and  receive  functionality.  Our  solutions  are  designed 
to increase the flexibility of systems by providing wider 
bandwidth capabilities to address increased data trans-
mission  needs  in  challenging  environments.  We  also 
believe  the  desire  for  increased  airspace  situational 
awareness  will  create  increased  opportunities  for  our 
radar and IFF products, which are used by government 
and commercial customers around the world. Our high 
power and highly reliable Gallium Nitride (“GaN”) am-
plifier  technology  is  increasingly  used  both  to  update 
existing  radar  systems  for  improved  sensitivity  and 
range, as well as for new radar applications and instal-
lations. In addition to technologies that enhance perfor-
mance of primary radars, we also supply solutions for 
IFF systems that provide positive identification of radar 
targets for secondary surveillance systems.

5

 
 
 
 
TERRESTRIAL & WIRELESS NETWORKS 

Next Generation 911 & Call Delivery

In addition to 911 call routing, we provide systems in-
tegration, geospatial location information, satellite and 
location  infrastructure  terminals,  and  linkage  to  NG-
911  Emergency  Services  IP  Networks  (“ESInet”).  We 
also  offer  what  we  believe  are  best-in-class  911  call 
handling  solutions  under  the  Solacom  brand  name. 
We  believe  state  and  local  governments  need  to  up-
grade existing legacy networks, location technologies, 
and call handling systems to modern NG-911 systems 
infrastructure,  including  911  text  messaging  services, 
advanced data, real-time photos, and other types of in-
formation sharing over IP networks.

As the U.S. and Canada broadly adopt upgraded NG-
911 and call handling solutions, we believe that other 
countries  will  follow  similar  technology  and  telecom-
munications  advancements.  Comtech’s  public  safety 
and location technology solutions have been deployed 
since 2006 and are utilized by domestic MNOs, as well 
as  internationally,  to  provide  reliable  device  location 
determination  for  public  safety  and  commercial  appli-
cations.  Many  of  our  technologies,  such  as  position-
ing,  mapping,  and  text  messaging,  are  embedded  in 
our public safety and location offerings to help address 
mapping, routing, and geolocations. Our solutions ad-
dress  Federal  Communications  Commission  (“FCC”) 
mandates  for  emergency  services  as  they  relate  to 
location delivery by supporting precise caller location. 
Our text messaging platforms are used by wireless car-
riers  to  provide  short  messaging  services  (“SMS”)  to 
their end-customers as well as being used to communi-
cate with 911 public safety answering points (“PSAPs”).

Solacom Call Handling Solutions 

We  offer  what  we  believe  is  a  best-in-class  call  han-
dling  solution  marketed  under  the  Solacom  Guardian 

brand name, which provides an integrated text-to-and-
from  911  solution  on  a  unified  platform.  The  solution 
provides  a  flexible  user  interface,  adapts  to  varying 
customer  environments  and  preferences,  provides 
powerful  call  conferencing  capabilities,  enhanced  re-
porting  capabilities  and  offers  geospatial  911  location 
call display directly from a customized map. Because 
of  its  advanced  features,  it  allows  us  to  offer  an  im-
mediate upgrade path to existing and new customers 
and  has  expanded  our  presence  in  the  public  safety 
solutions market with more than 700 PSAPs and emer-
gency call centers installed in 5 countries.

The  Guardian  platform  includes  an  integrated  cloud-
based  texting  solution  (“Guardian  Messenger”)  which 
provides  call  takers  /  dispatchers  with  the  ability  to 
collect, process and share previously unavailable live 
incident  information  such  as  text,  photos,  and  video 
via SMS and multimedia messaging services (“MMS”), 
from  one  integrated  desktop.  The  Guardian  platform 
also offers a cloud-based reporting and analytics solu-
tion (“Guardian Insights”), designed to assist emergen-
cy call center directors to know their operations, so they 
can better plan and manage resources and workloads.

We  are  investing  in  product  enhancements  for  our 
Guardian platform including additional cloud-based ca-
pabilities,  analytics,  and  cyber  security  solutions.  We 
have  significantly  increased  our  ”911-as-a-Service” 
(“911aaS”) offering, deploying hosted 911 call centers 
solutions  across  numerous  states  and  regions  in  the 
U.S. and provinces in Canada.

Trusted Location and Messaging Solutions 

We  believe  that  as  the  industry  moves  toward  digital 
transformation, customers will be looking for situational 
awareness  solutions  that  are  built  on  top  of  mapping 
and geo services. Our location technology solutions en-

6

 
 
 
 
 
able the determination of a mobile phone’s geospatial 
position in a variety of environments, leveraging a wide 
range  of  signals  including  Global  Positioning  System 
(“GPS”), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (“GNSS”) 
and  multiple  cellular  positioning  technologies  ranging 
from 2G through 5G mobile networks. For our installed 
base of systems, we provide ongoing operational sup-
port,  including  administration  of  system  components, 
system  optimization,  configuration  management  and 
maintenance  services,  including  tracking  customer 
support  issues,  troubleshooting,  and  developing  and 
installing maintenance releases.

Our Location Studio platform enables customers, par-
ticularly public safety agencies, to build their own ap-
plications  with  end-user  functionality,  such  as  maps, 
search, geocoding, routing, and navigation, using their 
own brand. We believe that customers and prospects 
are  increasingly  looking  for  alternatives  to  mapping 
services  that  are  subject  to  change  by  the  provider, 
and  which  meet  market  privacy  and  security  require-
ments. The Location Studio platform is a complete end-
to-end  location  application  consisting  of  maps,  map 
data, including our Trusted OpenStreetMap (“TOSM”) 
geo-services,  application  program  interfaces  (“APIs”) 
and software development kits (“SDKs”) enabling pub-
lic  safety  ecosystems  and  enterprises  to  customize 
unique mapping applications. Map data includes posi-
tioning, search, enhanced local content, custom maps, 
navigation,  geofencing,  tracking  integrated  with  third 
party data sources  like  camera  feeds and  IoT sensor 
data via cross-platform APIs and SDKs supporting all 
leading operating systems.

In  fiscal  2022,  we  began  marketing  SmartResponse,  
a  newly  developed  cloud-based  solution  that  offers 
a  common  operational  picture  to  PSAPs  and  first  re-
sponders,  enabling  an  effective  data-driven  response 
for security agencies and first responders by providing 
a holistic information environment for them. This new 

solution offers streaming live feeds from traffic camer-
as  at  and  near  incident  location,  and  accesses  caller 
information  like  past  residences,  criminal  history,  or 
next-of-kin information at the tap of a button. Offering a 
bird’s-eye view of integrated data, the SmartResponse 
solution empowers first responders to ensure appropri-
ate resources are on the scene and to better serve the 
public in emergency situations.

Cyber Security Training & Services 

During  the  first  quarter  of  fiscal  2022,  Comtech 
launched  a  new  cybersecurity  brand,  CyberStron-
ger™, to provide cybersecurity solutions and services 
tailored to threat monitoring and assessment, training, 
and  workforce  development.  Offerings  include  cyber 
threat  detection  and  management,  off-the-shelf  and 
custom  training,  hands-on  skills  labs,  and  competen-
cy-based  assessments  mapped  to  cybersecurity  job 
roles. The CyberStronger™ solutions also include the 
CYBRScore®  set  of  products  that  provide  hands-on 
assessments  and  training  to  upskill  and  reskill  cyber-
security workforces. These solutions were created by 
a team of former national intelligence community mem-
bers who have the practical cybersecurity experience 
and abilities required to meet the demanding needs of 
Comtech’s customer base which includes government 
entities, large universities, and enterprise-level corpo-
rations.

Our  offerings  are  suitable  for  both  technical  and 
non-technical teams to close the skills gap in the cyber 
security field and also provide continuous feedback and 
evidence to the organizations about their teams’ profi-
ciency. Our PerformanScore® is a performance-based 
scoring platform that uniquely and adaptively measures 
skills across a range of credible responses to a defined 
set  of  tasks,  allowing  for  a  consistent  and  immediate 
evaluation.

7

 
 
 
 
 
S E L E C T E D   F I N A N C I A L   D A T A

NET SALES

$671,797

$570,589

$616,715

$581,695

$486,239

ADJUSTED EBITDA

$93,472

$78,374

$77,803

$76,519

$39,263

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

BOOKINGS

BACKLOG

$755,054

$724,056

$623,076

$584,448

$445,481

$682,954

$630,695

$658,896

$620,912

$618,138

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

8

Note: Comtech’s fiscal year end is July 31 
$ in thousands

 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022 

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number:    0-7928

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation /organization)

11-2139466
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

68 South Service Road, Suite 230,
Melville, NY
(Address of principal executive offices)

11747
(Zip Code)

(631) 962-7000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class

Common Stock, par value $.10 per share

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Trading Symbol(s)
CMTL

Name of each exchange on which registered
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐	Yes              ☒	No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act.
☐	Yes              ☒	No

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  (1)  has  filed  all  reports  required  to  be  filed  by  Section  13  or  15(d)  of  the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to 
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒	Yes              ☐	No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted 
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period 
that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☒	Yes              ☐	No

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller 
reporting  company,  or  an  emerging  growth  company.  See  the  definitions  of  "large  accelerated  filer,"  "accelerated  filer," 
"smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer

☒
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period 
for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
☐

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  has  filed  a  report  on  and  attestation  to  its  management’s  assessment  of  the 
effectiveness  of  its  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. 
☒

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐	Yes              ☒	No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the 
closing sales price as quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 31, 2022 was approximately $525,123,000.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on September 23, 2022 was 27,676,772.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE.

Certain portions of the document listed below have been incorporated by reference into the indicated Part of this Annual Report 
on Form 10-K:

Proxy Statement for 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders - Part III

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

INDEX

PART I

Business Segments

Satellite and Space Communications Segment
Terrestrial and Wireless Networks Segment

Acquisitions
Sales, Marketing and Customer Support
Backlog
Research and Development
Intellectual Property
Competition
Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability
Human Capital
U.S. Government Contracts and Security Clearances
Regulatory Matters

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

PART II

Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Return
Dividends
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders

ITEM 6.

[RESERVED]

i

1

1
2
5
10
10
11
12
12
13
14
14
15
16

18

46

47

49

49

49

49
50
50
50
50

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 

OF OPERATIONS

Overview
Critical Accounting Policies
Results of Operations

Business Outlook for Fiscal 2023
Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021
Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 

INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

SIGNATURES

50

51
52
57
58
59
66
72
75

76

76

76

76

77

77

78

78

78

78

78

79

82

83

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

F-1

ii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note: As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K"), the terms "Comtech," "we," "us," "our" and "our Company" 
mean Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and its subsidiaries.

Note About Forward-Looking Statements 

This  Form  10-K  contains  "forward-looking  statements,"  including  statements  concerning  our  financial  and  operating 
performance, the future of our industry, product development, pending or threatened litigation, potential transactions, business 
strategy, continued acceptance of our products, market demand and growth, and dependence on significant customers. These 
statements  can  be  identified  by  the  use  of  forward-looking  terminology  such  as  "may,"  "will,"  "should,"  "could,"  "would," 
"expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "continue," "target," the negative of these terms, or 
other  similar  words  or  comparable  terminology.  In  general,  all  statements  of  fact  in  this  report  other  than  statements  of 
historical  fact  are  forward-looking  information.  When  considering  forward-looking  statements,  you  should  keep  in  mind  the 
risk factors and other cautionary statements included in this Form 10-K, because these risks and factors could cause our actual 
results to differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements. However, the risks described in this Form 
10-K are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties, not currently known to us or that do not currently 
appear  to  be  material,  may  also  materially  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition  and/or  operating  results  in  the 
future. We describe risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially in "Risk Factors" (Part 
I,  Item  1A  of  this  Form  10-K),  "Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations" (Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K) and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" (Part II, Item 
7A of this Form 10-K). We do not intend to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new 
information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Founded in 1967, we are a leading global provider of next-generation 911 emergency systems ("NG-911") and secure wireless 
and  satellite  communications  technologies.  We  see  these  two  end-markets  as  part  of  what  Comtech  has  identified  as  the 
“Failsafe  Communications  Market.”  This  includes  the  critical  communications  infrastructure  that  people,  businesses,  and 
governments rely on when durable, trusted connectivity is required, no matter where they are – on land, at sea, or in the air – 
and  no  matter  what  the  circumstances  –  from  armed  conflict  to  a  natural  disaster.  Our  solutions  are  designed  to  fulfill  our 
customers’ needs for secure wireless communications in the most demanding environments, including those where traditional 
communications are unavailable or cost-prohibitive, and in mission-critical and other scenarios where performance is crucial. 
We anticipate future growth in our business due to increasing demand for global voice, video and data usage. We provide our 
solutions to both commercial and governmental customers. 

Business Segments 

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we revised our business segments to better align them with end-markets for our products 
and services. Our businesses have been re-organized into two new reportable segments: “Satellite and Space Communications” 
and  “Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks.”  All  current  and  prior  periods  reflected  in  this  Form  10-K  have  been  presented 
according  to  these  two  new  segments,  unless  otherwise  noted.  For  more  information  and  for  financial  information  about  our 
business segments, including net sales, operating income, Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP financial measure), total assets, and 
our  operations  outside  the  United  States,  refer  to  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (11)  Segment 
Information" included in "Part II - Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data."  

We  offer  advanced  secure  wireless  communications  technologies  founded  on  decades  of  expertise  in  the  satellite 
communications  and  cellular  markets.  We  believe  these  markets  are  undergoing  a  period  of  long-term  growth,  reinvestment, 
and  rapid  technological  change.  We  manage  our  business  through  two  reportable  operating  segments:  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks.  Our  senior  management  team  supports  these  business  segments  by, 
among other things, actively seeking to identify and leverage synergies that exist between the segments, including in areas such 
as  manufacturing,  technology,  sales,  marketing,  customer  support  and  finance.  The  diagram  below  summarizes  our  key 
products, systems, and services by our two reportable operating segments: 

1

Satellite and Space Communications Segment 
(Approximately 58% of fiscal 2022 net sales) 

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks Segment 
(Approximately 42% of fiscal 2022 net sales)

• Satellite ground station technologies, services and system 

integration that facilitate the transmission of voice, video and data 
over GEO, MEO and LEO satellite constellations, including solid-
state and traveling wave tube power amplifiers, modems, VSAT 
platforms and frequency converters 

• Satellite communications and tracking antenna systems, 

including high precision full motion fixed and mobile X/Y tracking 
antennas, RF feeds, reflectors, and radomes 

• Over-the-horizon microwave equipment that can transmit 

digitized voice, video, and data over distances up to 200 miles 
using the troposphere and diffraction, including the Comtech 
COMETTM 

• Solid-state, RF microwave high-power amplifiers and control 
components designed for radar, electronic warfare, data link, 
medical and aviation applications 

• Procurement and supply chain management of high reliability 
EEE parts for satellite, launch vehicle and manned space 
applications 

• Field support sustainment services and technology insertion 

services primarily supporting tactical VSAT systems, Blue Force 
Tracking Systems and cybersecurity training services

• Wireless/VolP 911 location and routing services to connect 

emergency calls to Public Safety Answering Points 

• SMS Text to 911 services, providing alternate paths for individuals 
who need to request assistance (via text messaging) a method to 
reach Public Safety Answering Points 

• Next Generation 911 solutions, providing emergency call routing, 

location validation, policy-based routing rules, logging, and security 
functionality 

• Emergency Services IP Network transport infrastructure for 
emergency services communications and support of Next 
Generation 911 services 

• Call handling applications for Public Safety Answering Points 

• Wireless emergency alerts solutions for network operators 

• Software and equipment for location-based and text messaging 
services for various applications, including for public safety, 
commercial and government services

• Cybersecurity training, skills labs, and competency assessments 

for both technical and non-technical applications

The markets and key technologies for each segment are further described below. 

 Satellite and Space Communications Segment 

Overview  

Our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  designs,  builds  and  supports  a  variety  of  sophisticated  communications 
equipment that is designed to meet or exceed the highest standards for performance and quality by businesses and governments 
worldwide.  Applications  of  our  equipment  include  high-throughput  cellular  backhaul  solutions,  modern  troposcatter 
communications equipment, satellite ground station systems, electronic components engineered for use in outer space and high-
powered  RF/microwave  amplifiers  and  control  components.  Our  customers  and  end-users  include  the  world’s  largest 
corporations, governments and defense agencies, including the U.S. government.  

Our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  has  four  product  areas:  Satellite  Modem  and  Amplifier  Technologies, 
Troposcatter and SATCOM Solutions, Space Components and Antennas, and High-Power Amplifiers and Switches. 

Satellite Modem and Amplifier Technologies  

We  believe  we  are  a  leading  provider  of  satellite  earth  station  modems,  solid-state  amplifiers  and  traveling  wave  tube 
amplifiers.  Many  of  our  key  satellite  earth  station  modems  incorporate  forward  error  correction  and  bandwidth  compression 
technologies, which enable our customers to optimize their satellite networks by either reducing their satellite transponder lease 
costs or increasing data throughput. We hold leadership positions in the market for high-throughput modems used in cellular 
backhaul, a market that has been rapidly growing due to increased mobile phone usage and increasing data throughput demands 
from LTE and 5G deployments worldwide.  

An estimated 3 billion people globally remain unconnected to any wireless services, representing a significant opportunity. In 
fiscal 2021, we introduced a Time Division Multiple Access ("TDMA") technology solution which offers best-in-class support 
for very large satellite networks that use Very Small Aperture Terminals (“VSATs”). This technology allows our customers to 
cost-effectively  provide  wireless  services  to  end-users  in  complex  geographies  or  areas  where  cellular  infrastructure  is 
otherwise  unavailable.  In  fiscal  2022,  we  introduced  ELEVATE™,  a  revolutionary  solution  that  combines  our  Heights 
Dynamic Network Access ("H-DNA") and TDMA technologies into a single VSAT platform that delivers increased value to 
our customers by enabling private or shared VSAT networks of any size and topology on a single unified platform. To date, 
although sales cycles are long, we have made good progress in securing several significant orders for ELEVATE™. 

2

We  also  provide  rugged,  highly  efficient,  and  reliable  amplifiers  for  commercial  and  military  applications  around  the  world. 
These High-Power Amplifiers (“HPAs”) are used in critical communications links on the ground, in the air and on the sea; they 
support fixed traditional and direct-to-home broadcast, mobile news gathering, transportable and flyaway systems, secure high 
data rate communications, and broadband access over satcom. These products include configurations that are formally qualified 
for use on aircraft.  

Finally, we believe we are well-positioned in the millimeter wave ("mmWave") market and expect that market to continue to 
grow as new satellite constellations move into those higher, less crowded frequencies. The Ka band LEO and MEO amplifiers 
that we design and manufacture for large commercial customers’ non-GEO constellations represent key strategic wins as we 
build position in higher frequency bands. 

Troposcatter and SATCOM Solutions 

With persistent threats from state and non-state actors, governments around the world are increasingly seeking ways to mitigate 
vulnerabilities using information and more reliable communication systems to increase decision-makers’ situational awareness. 
Many  of  our  mission-critical  technologies  are  part  of  integrated  communication  infrastructure  systems  such  as  the  U.S. 
military's Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (also known 
as "C5ISR") systems and similarly complex networks for international governments. 

We believe we are a world leader in the design and supply of troposcatter equipment. We have designed, manufactured, and 
delivered troposcatter systems (sometimes referred to as over-the-horizon ("OTH") microwave products and systems) for over 
fifty years.  

Our  OTH  systems,  which  include  our  patented  forward  error  correction  technology,  can  transmit  video  and  other  broadband 
applications at high throughputs in the most demanding environments: U.S. and foreign governments use our over-the-horizon 
microwave  systems  to,  among  other  things,  transmit  radar  tracking,  run  C5ISR  applications  and  connect  to  remote  border 
locations. Additionally, energy companies use our systems to enable communication links for offshore oil rigs and other remote 
locations, as well as for exploration activities. The Comtech COMET™, introduced two years ago, is a rapidly deployable OTH 
microwave  system  that  directly  addresses  a  void  in  capabilities  that  have  long  been  desired  by  tactical  communications 
planners: low probability of intercept and low probability of detection (“LPI/LPD”), while providing high reliability, mission 
essential communications. The COMET™ is capable of being transported in a carrying case by a single individual and set up in 
under  fifteen  minutes,  extending  critical  services  into  areas  where  there  is  no  communications  infrastructure,  or  the 
infrastructure has been destroyed. U.S. Special Forces, as well as non-U.S. NATO forces, have already begun procuring and 
deploying the COMET™ for high reliability, mission essential communications. 

We provide field support sustainment services, centralized and deployed depot services, and technology insertion services to the 
U.S.  Army’s  AN/TSC-198  family  of  communication  systems  that  are  commonly  referred  to  as  "SNAP"  (Secret  Internet 
Protocol  Router  ("SIPR")  and  Non-secure  Internet  Protocol  Router  ("NIPR")  Access  Point)  VSATs,  support  for  the  Army 
“SCOUT”  (Scalable  Class  of  Unified  Terminals),  and  Army  T2C2  (Tactical  Command  Communication).  We  also  provide 
sustainment  services  for  the  U.S.  Army’s  Blue  Force  Tracking-1  ("BFT-1")  system  in  addition  to  support  for  Army  IP 
networks.  Our  field  support  services  include  providing  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD")  personnel  with  curriculum 
development and training services to support cybersecurity workforce development.

3

Space Components and Antennas  

For over 45 years, we have been recognized as an industry leader and global supplier of high-reliability products and supply 
chain  management  and  engineering  services,  supporting  selection  of  space-qualified  parts  for  satellite  and  launch  vehicle 
tracking solutions geared for critical NASA programs as well as several international space and defense agencies. Our engineers 
are not only involved in the design of products, but our technical team is heavily involved with the customer development of 
electronic  parts  and  testing  specifications  to  assure  capability,  reliability  and  radiation  tolerance  to  specific  mission/project 
requirements both as an individual service and for Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (“EEE”) parts supplied to our 
customers.  We  also  lead  and  conduct  failure  analysis  investigations  and  assist  with  manufacturing  and  test  problems  at  the 
source  and  support  reporting  and  selloff  with  the  customer  and  its  prime  (such  as  the  Japanese  Space  Exploration  Agency 
(“JAXA”) and NASA). Our quality engineering team assures that the product received from our suppliers and test facilities are 
compliant to their respective specifications prior to shipment to our end customers. Most recently, our service offerings have 
been  expanded  to  include  kitting  to  customer  Bill  of  Materials  with  direct  shipments  to  customer  designated  contract 
manufacturers. 

Within the satellite communications market, we are a leading provider of X/Y terminal solutions that fully support the mission 
requirements of LEO, MEO and GEO satellite communication and tracking requirements, offering a host of high-performance 
single-band and multi-band feed solutions. We also supply maritime antenna solutions that are fielded by foreign governments. 

High Power Amplifiers and Switches  

We  offer  several  unique  high-performance  transmit  and  receive  technologies  used  in  sophisticated  communication  systems, 
including  electronic  warfare,  radar,  data  link,  medical  and  identification  friend  or  foe  ("IFF").  As  our  customers  push  the 
envelope for mobility, speed and frequency, we believe that demand for high-performance transmission products will increase 
over time. 

Our solid-state, high-power RF microwave amplifiers and related switching control technologies are utilized in many critical 
applications,  including  electronic  warfare,  communications,  radar,  data  link,  IFF  and  medical  applications  (such  as  oncology 
treatment systems). In the electronic warfare marketplace, we support a variety of legacy systems and are participating in the 
ongoing  migration  to  platforms  that  require  smaller  and  lighter  amplifiers  integrated  with  additional  signal  processing 
functionality, providing more complete transmit and receive functionality. Our solutions are designed to increase the flexibility 
of  systems  by  providing  wider  bandwidth  capabilities  to  address  increased  data  transmission  needs  in  challenging 
environments. We also believe the desire for increased airspace situational awareness will create increased opportunities for our 
radar and IFF products, which are used by government and commercial customers around the world. Our high power and highly 
reliable Gallium Nitride ("GaN") amplifier technology is increasingly used both to update existing radar systems for improved 
sensitivity  and  range,  as  well  as  for  new  radar  applications  and  installations.  In  addition  to  technologies  that  enhance 
performance of primary radars, we also supply solutions for IFF systems that provide positive identification of radar targets for 
secondary surveillance systems. 

Satellite and Space Communications: Key Markets and Growth Drivers  

Combined, our Satellite and Space Communications segment offers our customers one-stop-shopping for sophisticated satellite 
ground station technologies and solutions, including SCPC and TDMA modems, amplifiers, antennas, frequency converters and 
network  software  for  customers  who  utilize  satellite  communications.  Our  products  are  used  to  modulate,  demodulate  and 
amplify signals, carry voice, video and/or data over networks and are vital to satellite communication applications, including 
air-to-ground communications, video broadcasting and the backhaul of cellular traffic. Our Satellite and Space Communications 
segment manufactures most of the satellite ground station equipment we sell to our customers.  

We believe that the overall satellite ground station equipment industry will grow from current levels and will be increasingly 
combined with existing and new cellular networks. This growth is expected to occur because of widespread deployment of, and 
upgrades to, 4G and 5G ground-based systems, including satellite earth stations, as well as the integration of high-performance 
amplifiers necessary to meet long-term demand for high-performance satellite communications applications, such as satellite-
based  wireless  backhaul,  DTH,  HD  and  4K  broadcasting,  and  in-flight  connectivity.  We  believe  that  Comtech  is  well-
positioned to capitalize on this demand through sales of our market-leading satellite ground station technologies, including new 
next-generation  satellite  earth  station  technologies  that  can  be  used  with  the  thousands  of  new  LEO,  MEO  and  large  HTS 
satellite constellations that are expected to be deployed over the next several years. 

4

Examples of end-market applications that are driving long-term demand for our satellite-based communication technologies 
include: 

•

•

•

•

New  LEO,  MEO  and  HTS  Satellites:  Thousands  of  new  satellites  are  reportedly  being  launched  over  the  next 
several  years,  according  to  announcements  by  companies  including  Telesat  Lightspeed,  OneWeb,  SpaceX 
Starlink, Amazon Kuiper and Viasat, which we believe will lead to increasingly complex satellite networks. As 
service  providers  work  to  offer  connectivity  to  these  high-speed,  high-bandwidth  satellites  and  expand  their 
networks  to  handle  the  demand  for  new  LEO,  MEO  and  HTS  applications,  we  believe  our  ELEVATE™, 
HeightsTM  and  UHP  networking  platforms,  our  solid-state  amplifiers  and  our  X/Y  antennas  will  ultimately  be 
incorporated into many new installations and equipment upgrades. We continue to provide modems and amplifiers 
to  existing  LEO  and  MEO  communications  satellite  providers  and  expect  to  see  growth  in  imaging  satellites 
alongside commercial imaging constellations, including conventional, thermal, and hyperspectral. 

Satellite-Based Cellular Backhaul: Demand for satellite-based cellular backhaul services is anticipated to grow 
rapidly as a result of the increased penetration of smart cellular phones and network upgrades to 4G and 5G in 
developing regions of the world. Ultimately, as 5G services continue to be deployed, we expect that mobile data 
services will become more critical. As mobile data penetration expands and mobile data consumption increases, 
wireless carriers must invest in their mobile network infrastructures, and we believe businesses will require back-
up  communications.  In  developing  regions  of  the  world,  and  in  remote  areas  where  terrestrial  network 
infrastructure is lacking (or where challenging geography prohibits it), wireless network operators often backhaul, 
or transport, their wireless data traffic using satellite-based networking technologies. Comtech is well positioned 
to  serve  the  high-performance,  high  availability  needs  of  satellite-based  cellular  backhaul  through  sales  of  our 
SCPC and TDMA satellite modems as well as our HeightsTM , ELEVATETM and UHP networking platforms. 

Government  and  Military  Satellite  Communications:  Government  users  rely  on  high-speed  connectivity  in  a 
variety  of  conditions  throughout  the  world  to  provide  real  time  information  sharing,  including  Situational 
Awareness  (“SA”),  dissemination  of  Intelligence,  Surveillance,  and  Reconnaissance  (“ISR”)  information,  and 
communications.  Our  communications  solutions  provide  command  and  control  and  satellite  networking 
capabilities  that  support  U.S.  and  allied  government  initiatives  for  assured  and  resilient  communications 
capabilities,  as  well  as  supporting  interoperability  objectives,  including  the  Joint  All  Domain  Command  and 
Control (“JADC2”) efforts. 

Enterprise  Networks  and  Internet  of  Things  (“IoT”):  Satellite  services  are  increasingly  used  for  Machine-to-
Machine data connectivity for both critical infrastructure applications such as utility companies (electrical grid, oil 
rigs, gas pipelines, water companies) as well as IoT networks. Comtech TDMA equipment is widely used in these 
applications, where it delivers superior network availability (by making use of geographical hub redundancy and 
other technologies), and high Quality of Service (“QoS”). 

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks Segment  

Overview 

Our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment is a leading provider of the hardware, software, and solutions critical to any 
modern 911 public safety and mobile network operator (“MNO”) infrastructure, as well as for applications services requiring 
the  specific  location  of  a  mobile  user's  geospatial  position.  From  the  moment  a  911  call  is  made,  Comtech  provides  highly 
reliable  solutions  that  contribute  to  emergency  calls  being  processed  instantly,  with  proper  routing  to  first  responders.  Our 
solutions include feature-rich data sets (such as: precise location information, route optimization, text messaging, photos and 
real-time  video),  putting  first  responders  in  the  best  possible  position  to  make  decisions  when  every  second  counts.  Our 
customers are the businesses, communities and governments that need to implement and improve 911 infrastructure in the U.S., 
as  well  as  MNOs  in  the  U.S.  and  abroad  that  have  a  need  to  determine  subscriber  location  within  a  network  or  to  facilitate 
messaging services. In 2021, we were recognized by Frost & Sullivan, a leading third-party research firm, for registering the 
most significant year-over-year market share increase among all NG-911 primary contract holders. As such, we believe that we 
are a leader in public safety communication and location technologies.  

The  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment  is  organized  into  four  product  areas:  Next  Generation  911  &  Call  Delivery, 
Solacom Call Handling Solutions, Trusted Location and Messaging Solutions, and Cyber Security Training & Services. 

5

Next Generation 911 & Call Delivery  

In  addition  to  911  call  routing,  we  provide  systems  integration,  geospatial  location  information,  satellite  and  location 
infrastructure terminals, and linkage to NG-911 Emergency Services IP Networks ("ESInet"). We also offer what we believe 
are best-in-class 911 call handling solutions under the Solacom brand name. We believe state and local governments need to 
upgrade existing legacy networks, location technologies, and call handling systems to modern NG-911 systems infrastructure, 
including  911  text  messaging  services,  advanced  data,  real-time  photos,  and  other  types  of  information  sharing  over  IP 
networks.  

As the U.S. and Canada broadly adopt upgraded NG-911 and call handling solutions, we believe that other countries will follow 
similar  technology  and  telecommunications  advancements.  Comtech’s  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions  have 
been  deployed  since  2006  and  are  utilized  by  domestic  MNOs,  as  well  as  internationally,  to  provide  reliable  device  location 
determination for public safety and commercial applications. Many of our technologies, such as positioning, mapping, and text 
messaging, are embedded in our public safety and location offerings to help address mapping, routing, and geolocations. Our 
solutions  address  Federal  Communications  Commission  ("FCC")  mandates  for  emergency  services  as  they  relate  to  location 
delivery  by  supporting  precise  caller  location.  Our  text  messaging  platforms  are  used  by  wireless  carriers  to  provide  short 
messaging  services  (“SMS”)  to  their  end-customers  as  well  as  being  used  to  communicate  with  911  public  safety  answering 
points (“PSAPs”).  

Solacom Call Handling Solutions  

We offer what we believe is a best-in-class call handling solution marketed under the Solacom Guardian brand name, which 
provides  an  integrated  text-to-and-from  911  solution  on  a  unified  platform.  The  solution  provides  a  flexible  user  interface, 
adapts to varying customer environments and preferences, provides powerful call conferencing capabilities, enhanced reporting 
capabilities and offers geospatial 911 location call display directly from a customized map. Because of its advanced features, it 
allows us to offer an immediate upgrade path to existing and new customers and has expanded our presence in the public safety 
solutions market with more than 700 PSAPs and emergency call centers installed in 5 countries.  

The Guardian platform includes an integrated cloud-based texting solution (“Guardian Messenger”) which provides call takers / 
dispatchers with the ability to collect, process and share previously unavailable live incident information such as text, photos, 
and  video  via  SMS  and  multimedia  messaging  services  (“MMS”),  from  one  integrated  desktop.  The  Guardian  platform  also 
offers a cloud-based reporting and analytics solution (“Guardian Insights”), designed to assist emergency call center directors to 
know their operations, so they can better plan and manage resources and workloads. 

We are investing in product enhancements for our Guardian platform including additional cloud-based capabilities, analytics, 
and cyber security solutions. We have significantly increased our “911-as-a-Service" (“911aaS”) offering, deploying hosted 911 
call centers solutions across numerous states and regions in the U.S. and provinces in Canada. 

Trusted Location and Messaging Solutions  

We  believe  that  as  the  industry  moves  toward  digital  transformation,  customers  will  be  looking  for  situational  awareness 
solutions  that  are  built  on  top  of  mapping  and  geo-services.  Our  location  technology  solutions  enable  the  determination  of  a 
mobile phone's geospatial position in a variety of environments, leveraging a wide range of signals including Global Positioning 
System  ("GPS"),  Global  Navigation  Satellite  Systems  ("GNSS")  and  multiple  cellular  positioning  technologies  ranging  from 
2G  through  5G  mobile  networks.  For  our  installed  base  of  systems,  we  provide  ongoing  operational  support,  including 
administration  of  system  components,  system  optimization,  configuration  management  and  maintenance  services,  including 
tracking customer support issues, troubleshooting, and developing and installing maintenance releases.  

Our  Location  StudioTM  platform  enables  customers,  particularly  public  safety  agencies,  to  build  their  own  applications  with 
end-user  functionality,  such  as  maps,  search,  geocoding,  routing,  and  navigation,  using  their  own  brand.  We  believe  that 
customers and prospects are increasingly looking for alternatives to mapping services that are subject to change by the provider, 
and which meet market privacy and security requirements. The Location StudioTM platform is a complete end-to-end location 
application consisting of maps, map data, including our Trusted OpenStreetMap ("TOSM") geo-services, application program 
interfaces  ("APIs")  and  software  development  kits  ("SDKs")  enabling  public  safety  ecosystems  and  enterprises  to  customize 
unique  mapping  applications.  Map  data  includes  positioning,  search,  enhanced  local  content,  custom  maps,  navigation,  geo-
fencing,  tracking  integrated  with  third  party  data  sources  like  camera  feeds  and  IoT  sensor  data  via  cross-platform  APIs  and 
SDKs supporting all leading operating systems. 

6

In  fiscal  2022,  we  began  marketing  SmartResponseTM,  a  newly  developed  cloud-based  solution  that  offers  a  common 
operational  picture  to  PSAPs  and  first  responders,  enabling  an  effective  data-driven  response  for  security  agencies  and  first 
responders by providing a holistic information environment for them. This new solution offers streaming live feeds from traffic 
cameras  at  and  near  incident  location,  and  accesses  caller  information  like  past  residences,  criminal  history,  or  next-of-kin 
information at the tap of a button. Offering a bird's-eye view of integrated data, the SmartResponseTM solution empowers first 
responders to ensure appropriate resources are on the scene and to better serve the public in emergency situations. 

Cyber Security Training & Services  

During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, Comtech launched a new cybersecurity brand, CyberStronger™, to provide cybersecurity 
solutions  and  services  tailored  to  threat  monitoring  and  assessment,  training,  and  workforce  development.  Offerings  include 
cyber  threat  detection  and  management,  off-the-shelf  and  custom  training,  hands-on  skills  labs,  and  competency-based 
assessments mapped to cybersecurity job roles. The CyberStronger™ solutions also include the CYBRScore® set of products 
that provide hands-on assessments and training to upskill and reskill cybersecurity workforces. These solutions were created by 
a  team  of  former  national  intelligence  community  members  who  have  the  practical  cybersecurity  experience  and  abilities 
required to meet the demanding needs of Comtech’s customer base which includes government entities, large universities, and 
enterprise-level corporations. 

Our offerings are suitable for both technical and non-technical teams to close the skills gap in the cyber security field and also 
provide  continuous  feedback  and  evidence  to  the  organizations  about  their  teams’  proficiency.  Our  PerformanScore®  is  a 
performance-based  scoring  platform  that  uniquely  and  adaptively  measures  skills  across  a  range  of  credible  responses  to  a 
defined set of tasks, allowing for a consistent and immediate evaluation.  

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks: Key Markets and Growth Drivers   

We  are  a  leading  provider  of  modern  public  safety  and  location  technologies.  Our  next  generation  solutions  enable  rich, 
multimedia information to be delivered alongside 911 calls. Also, our E911 and NG-911 call routing solutions allow cellular 
carriers and voice over the Internet ("VoIP") carriers, as well as legacy telecommunications carriers, to deliver emergency calls 
to public safety emergency call centers nationwide. When someone places an emergency call, our technologies identify the call 
as an emergency call, access the user’s location information from the wireless or VoIP networks and location databases, and 
route the call to the assigned public safety jurisdiction. Today, we provide public safety and location technologies to many U.S. 
telecommunication carriers, the largest being Verizon (for which we provide 911 call routing via cellular service). We believe 
we  service  a  significant  portion  of  the  carrier  market  for  911  cellular  call  routing  applications,  along  with  one  other  leading 
competitor. 

With the advent of 5G networks, new network-based positioning technologies are poised to deliver opportunities thanks to the 
ongoing  digital  transformation  of  multiple  industry  verticals,  including  the  Public  Safety,  Transportation,  Manufacturing, 
Healthcare  and  Retail  industries.  As  these  industries  increasingly  rely  on  data  from  connected  devices,  using  location 
information in real-time is expected to enhance existing business processes and outcomes as well as end user experiences. We 
believe  end-market  applications  such  as  worker’s  safety  in  high-risk  areas,  smart  manufacturing,  and  autonomous  driving 
would  benefit  enormously  from  new  precision-positioning  techniques.  Also,  MNOs  can  now  provide  even  more  advanced 
location-based services, in addition to existing connectivity solutions.  

Examples of end-market applications that are driving long-term demand for our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks technologies 
include:  

•

Our  XyPoint®  Mobile  Location  Platform:  Provided  to  MNOs  globally,  our  virtualized  location-based  services 
(“LBS”)  platform  is  a  high  availability  robust  solution  with  multiple  positioning  technologies,  that  allows 
authorized users to locate and track specific mobile devices and monitor specific areas of interest. MNOs can use 
this  platform  for  location  accuracy  to  support  a  wide  variety  of  use  cases,  including  public  safety,  location 
intelligence,  network  optimization  and  big  data  analytics.  On  the  legacy  front,  our  LBS  platform  is  compatible 
within 2G through 4G wireless networks, as well as an enabler to the MNOs to seamlessly migrate to cloud native 
environments, as they start their migrations to 5G.  

7

•

•

Comtech INSIGHTS™ LightSource™: Provides first responders a reporting and analytics platform for the rich 
data created in Comtech’s NG-911 core systems. Authorized users at state, regional, and jurisdiction organizations 
can  see  reports  and  analysis  of  call,  behavior,  and  location  characteristics  in  both  time  and  geospatial 
visualizations.  Users  are  able  to  interact  directly  with  the  visualization  in  real  time  to  focus  on  desired 
characteristics  to  include  timeframes,  call  types,  media  types,  and  other  information.  Authorized  users  can  also 
schedule reports for automatic delivery via email. 

Comtech  INSIGHTS™  SmartResponse™:  Provides  first  responders  of  all  types  (fire,  police,  medical,  state, 
regional  emergency  communications  centers,  dispatch  centers,  emergency  management  agencies,  fusion  cells, 
intelligence  centers,  etc.)  access  to  real-time  911  call  information  and  related  supplemental  information  for 
situational  awareness  in  a  geospatial,  mapped  context.  Authorized  users  can  view  911  calls  and  emergency 
response vehicles/assets in a 3-D map via a single pane of glass view to enhance response. SmartResponse™ is 
available for use in both emergency centers and response vehicles. 

• Wireless Emergency Alerts (“WEA”): WEA, also known as Commercial Mobile Alerts System (“CMAS”) in the 
US,  enable  authorized  officials  to  inform  the  public  about  life-threatening  events  by  automatically  delivering 
emergency  alerts  to  mobile  devices  (including  roaming  users)  via  the  government  alert  gateway.  Using 
standardized infrastructure, ensuring compliance with government regulations globally, our patented technology 
facilitates the origination and accurate delivery of geo-targeted emergency alerts, empowering emergency services 
providers to better serve the public. Using this technology, for example, MNOs can quickly broadcast emergency 
communications, such as severe weather alerts, to all devices in a specific geographical area. 

Synergies: Opportunities in Convergence  

We believe that significant advances in technology have been driving a convergence across multiple aspects of the Terrestrial 
and  Wireless  Networks  market  and  the  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  market.  We  believe  we  have  an  advantage  in 
having  identified  this  convergence,  and  in  combining  our  native  expertise  in  both  to  develop  innovative  new  products  and 
solutions to meet growing customer demands. Broadly, the increasing digitization of people and businesses, and the ongoing 
migration  to  the  cloud,  means  a  growing  reliance  on  communications  and  connectivity,  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  the 
volumes  of  data  transmission.  We  believe  this  is  a  long-term  secular  opportunity  for  Comtech  given  our  market-leading 
positions in, and understanding of, the fast-evolving Failsafe Communications markets. 

We  are  watching  in  real-time  as  the  once  clear  line  separating  terrestrial  and  non-terrestrial  communications  networks  is 
dissolving. The need for connectivity (more precisely: constant, reliable connectivity) is growing on a worldwide basis. People, 
devices, and machines need constant connectivity, regardless of whether they are proximate to a cellular tower. Because of this, 
satellite  communications  are  increasingly  bridging  gaps  created  by  challenging  geographies,  or  a  lack  of  terrestrial 
infrastructure altogether. Comtech is increasingly delivering solutions to companies and countries seeking to bridge these gaps, 
whether  across  legacy  4G  networks,  or  through  the  introduction  of  5G  networks,  as  operators  seek  ways  to  optimize 
implementation, control costs, and mitigate security risks. We expect the convergence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks 
to continue, leveraging the increasing numbers and density of satellite constellations to meet the growing terrestrial demand to 
connect and move more data, more quickly, reliably, and efficiently than ever.  

Our Diverse Global Customer Base  

We have established long-standing relationships with thousands of customers worldwide, including leading system and network 
suppliers  in  the  global  satellite,  mobile  cellular,  defense,  broadcast  and  aerospace  industries,  as  well  as  the  U.S.  federal 
government  (including  the  U.S.  Army,  Air  Force,  Marine  Corps,  and  Navy),  U.S.  state  and  local  governments,  and  foreign 
governments.  Our  global  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  customers  are 
increasingly seeking integrated solutions to meet their operational needs. We believe that our customers recognize our ability to 
develop improved technologies and to meet stringent program requirements. We hold prime positions on several key contracts 
and have had a long history of servicing key programs. A table illustrating representative customers is provided below. 

8

Satellite and Space Communications Segment 
Representative Customers

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks Segment 
Representative Customers

U.S. state and local governments, such as the Commonwealth of 
Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the states of 
Arizona, Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Vermont and 
Washington 

End-customers also include AT&T Inc., Lumen Technologies, Inc. 
(formerly CenturyLink, Inc.), Comcast Corporation, Nokia Corporation, 
T-Mobile USA, Inc. and Verizon Communications Inc. 

Different solutions deployed with telephone companies and federal, 
provincial, and local governments in Australia, Canada, Cayman 
Islands and New Zealand  

Satellite systems integrators, wireless and other communication 
service providers, and broadcasters, such as DIRECTTV Group and 
EchoStar Corporation 

U.S. Army, the U.S. Marine Corps, the U.S. Navy, prime contractors 
to the U.S. Armed Forces, NATO and foreign governments (i.e., 
ministries of defense) 

Domestic and international defense customers, as well as prime 
contractors and system suppliers such as General Dynamics 
Corporation, Lockheed Martin Corporation, L3Harris Technologies, 
Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation, Raytheon Technologies 
Corporation, Telephonics Corporation, The Boeing Company and 
ViaSat Inc. 

Medical equipment companies, such as Varian Medical Systems, 
Inc., and aviation industry system integrators such as Collins 
Aerospace (a subsidiary of Raytheon Technologies Corporation)  

End-customers also include BT Group plc., China Mobile Limited, 
Claro Argentina, Intelsat S.A., JAXA, NASA, QUALCOMM 
Incorporated, SED Systems (a division of Calian Ltd.), SES S.A. and 
Speedcast International Limited

Oil companies such as Shell Oil Company and PETRONAS

Business Results and Challenges: Overview 

In fiscal 2022, we achieved consolidated net sales of $486.2 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $39.3 million. 

As more fully described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, we navigated the challenges of operating our global business during the 
period where COVID-19 continues to impact many of our customers and suppliers. Like businesses everywhere, we confront 
one  of  the  most  difficult  operating  environments  in  memory,  as  the  global  economy  struggles  to  find  its  footing  amidst  a 
pandemic, geopolitical conflict, surging inflationary pressures, changes in government spending priorities, and adverse supply 
chain disruptions. Nevertheless, in fiscal 2022, we continued to strengthen the Comtech brand and its positioning within the key 
markets that we serve. We believe that as COVID-19 subsides and the global economy recovers, our business performance in 
future periods will improve from current levels.

Our  Business  Outlook  for  Fiscal  2023  is  discussed  further  in  Part  II  –  “Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of 
Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  –  Business  Outlook  for  Fiscal  2023.”  For  a  definition  and  explanation  of 
Adjusted  EBITDA,  see  Part  II  –  “Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations – Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021 – Adjusted EBITDA.” 

More Information and Where to Find It  

Our  Internet  website  is  www.comtech.com,  at  which  you  can  find  our  filings  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission 
("SEC"),  including  investor  letters,  press  releases,  annual  reports,  quarterly  reports,  current  reports,  and  any  amendments  to 
those filings. We also make announcements regarding company developments and financial and operating performance through 
our blog, Signals, at www.comtech.com/comtech-signals. We also use our website to disseminate other material information to 
our investors (on the Home Page and in the "Investor Relations" section). Among other things, we post on our website our press 
releases  and  information  about  our  public  conference  calls  (including  the  scheduled  dates,  times  and  the  methods  by  which 
investors and others can listen to those calls), and we make available for replay webcasts of those calls and other presentations 
for a limited time. 

We also use social media channels to communicate with customers and the public about our Company, our products, services, 
and  other  issues,  and  we  use  social  media  and  the  Internet  to  communicate  with  investors,  including  information  about  our 
stockholder  meetings.  Information  and  updates  about  our  Annual  Meetings  will  continue  to  be  posted  on  our  website  at 
www.comtech.com in the "Investor Relations" section. 

None of the information on our website, blog or any other website identified herein is incorporated by reference in this annual 
report and such information should not be considered a part of this annual report. 

9

Acquisitions

In order to position ourselves to take advantage of additional growth opportunities and meet our strategic objectives, we have 
followed,  and  will  continue  to  follow,  a  disciplined  approach  in  identifying,  executing  and  capitalizing  on  acquisitions  of 
businesses and enabling technologies. Material acquisitions in the past several years include:

On  January  27,  2020,  we  completed  the  acquisition  of  CGC  Technology  Limited  ("CGC"),  a  small  privately  held  company 
located in the United Kingdom. CGC is a leading provider of high-precision full-motion fixed and mobile X/Y satellite tracking 
antennas,  reflectors,  RF  feeds,  radomes  and  other  ground  station  equipment  for  customers  around  the  world.  The  acquisition 
brought  established  relationships  with  several  top-tier  European  aerospace  companies  and  other  government  entities,  and  we 
expect  it  to  allow  us  to  participate  in  the  anticipated  growth  in  the  number  of  LEO  and  MEO  satellite  constellations.  The 
aggregate purchase price for accounting purposes for the acquisition of CGC was $23.7 million and CGC was fully integrated 
into our Satellite and Space Communications segment.

On  March  2,  2021,  we  completed  our  acquisition  of  UHP  Networks  Inc.  ("UHP"),  a  leading  provider  of  innovative  and 
disruptive satellite ground station technology solutions. With end-markets for high-speed satellite-based networks anticipated to 
significantly grow, our acquisition allows us to enhance our offerings with TDMA satellite modems. The aggregate purchase 
price for accounting purposes for the acquisition of UHP was $37.5 million and UHP was fully integrated into our Satellite and 
Space Communications segment.

Sales, Marketing and Customer Support

Sales and marketing strategies include direct sales through sales, marketing and engineering personnel, indirect sales through 
independent representatives, value-added resellers, and sales through a combination of the foregoing. We devote resources to 
evaluating and responding to requests for proposals by governmental agencies around the world and, as needed, we employ the 
use of specialized consultants to develop our proposals and bids.

We  intend  to  continue  to  expand  international  marketing  efforts  by  engaging  additional  independent  sales  representatives, 
distributors  and  value-added  resellers  and  by  establishing  foreign  sales  offices.  In  addition,  we  expect  to  leverage  our 
relationships with larger companies (such as prime contractors to the U.S. government and large mobile wireless operators) to 
market our technology solutions. In fiscal 2023, we expect to continue expanding our social media and Internet presence and 
developing an updated marketing and branding strategy.

We  are  pre-qualified  as  an  approved  vendor  for  certain  government  contracts.  We  collaborate  in  sales  efforts  under  various 
arrangements  with  integrators.  Our  marketing  efforts  also  include  advertising,  public  relations,  speaking  engagements  and 
attending and sponsoring industry conferences. 

Our management, technical and marketing personnel establish and maintain relationships with customers. Our sales strategies 
include a commitment to providing ongoing customer support for our systems and equipment. This support involves providing 
direct access to engineering staff or trained technical representatives to resolve technical or operational issues.

Our  products  and  services  in  many  of  our  product  lines  have  long  sales  cycles.  Once  a  product  is  designed  into  a  system, 
customers may be reluctant to change the incumbent supplier due to the extensive qualification process and potential redesign 
required in using alternative sources. In addition, in recent years, we have found that overall sales cycles for each of our product 
lines have significantly increased.

10

Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related net sales, are as follows:

2022

2021
Satellite and Space 
Communications

2020

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

 45.6 %
 18.0 %
 63.6 %

 52.8 %
 15.3 %
 68.1 %

 53.7 %
 15.2 %
 68.9 %

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2021
2022

2020

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks
 1.2 %
 90.3 %
 91.5 %

 2.4 %
 88.1 %
 90.5 %

 1.4 %
 89.2 %
 90.6 %

2022

2021

2020

Consolidated

 27.2 %
 47.8 %
 75.0 %

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

International
Total

 23.5 %
 36.4 %
 100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %  100.0 %

 23.9 %

 31.9 %

 31.1 %

 25.0 %

 8.5 %

 9.4 %

 9.5 %

Sales  to  U.S.  government  customers  include  sales  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD"),  intelligence  and  civilian 
agencies, as well as sales directly to or through prime contractors. 

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic 
sales are sales to Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon"), which represented 11.1% and 10.7% of consolidated net sales for 
fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. Except for the U.S. government, there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% 
of consolidated net sales during fiscal 2020. 

International sales for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products 
that are sold to international customers) were $121.4 million, $138.9 million and $145.1 million, respectively. When we sell 
internationally, we denominate most of our contracts in U.S. dollars. Some of our sales to international customers are paid for 
by letters of credit or on an open account. From time to time, some of our international customers may require us to provide 
performance guarantees. 

Except for the U.S., no individual country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to 
a foreign country) represented more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. 

Backlog

Our  backlog  as  of  July  31,  2022  was  $618.1  million  (of  which  $192.4  million  was  attributed  to  the  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications segment and $425.7 million was attributed to the Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment). We estimate 
that  a  substantial  portion  of  the  backlog  as  of  July  31,  2022  will  be  recognized  as  sales  during  the  next  twenty-four  month 
period, with the rest thereafter.

At July 31, 2022, 72.7% of our backlog consisted of orders for use by U.S. commercial customers, 11.6% consisted of U.S. 
government  contracts,  subcontracts  and  government  funded  programs  and  15.7%  consisted  of  orders  for  use  by  international 
customers (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that will be sold to international customers).

Our  backlog  is  defined  as  orders  (sometimes  also  referred  to  herein  as  bookings)  that  we  believe  to  be  firm.  Backlog  that  is 
derived from U.S. government orders relates to U.S. government contracts that have been awarded, signed and funded. Backlog 
for  our  U.S.  government  customers  also  includes  amounts  appropriated  by  Congress  and  allotted  to  the  contract  by  the 
procuring government agency. Our backlog does not include the value of options that may be exercised in the future on multi-
year  contracts,  nor  does  it  include  the  value  of  additional  purchase  orders  that  we  may  receive  under  indefinite  delivery/
indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts or basic ordering agreements. In some cases, such as contracts received from large U.S. 
based  telecommunication  companies,  our  backlog  may  include  the  value  of  customer  authorizations  to  proceed  or  may  be 
computed by multiplying the most recent month’s contract or revenue by the months remaining under the existing long-term 
agreements, which we consider to be the best available information for anticipating revenue under those agreements. When we 
acquire a company with existing contracts, we only record bookings for those contracts that meet our definition. Almost all of 
the contracts in our backlog (including firm orders previously received from the U.S. government) are subject to modification, 
cancellation at the convenience of the customer, or for default in the event that we are unable to perform under the contract.

Please see Item 1A – “Risk Factors” under Part I of this Form 10-K for more information about risks pertaining to recognition 
of our backlog.

11

 
 
A significant portion of the backlog from our U.S. commercial customers relates to large, multi-year contracts to provide state 
and  local  governments  (and  their  agencies)  with  911  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions.  Although  the  contracts 
themselves represent legal, binding obligations of these governments, funding is often subject to the approval of budgets (for 
example, on an annual or bi-annual basis). Although funding for these multi-year contracts is dependent on future budgets being 
approved, we include the full estimated value of these large, multi-year contracts in our backlog given the critical nature of the 
services  being  provided  and  the  positive  historical  experience  of  our  state  and  local  government  customers  passing  their 
respective budgets.

There can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, or that any contract 
included  in  backlog  will  be  profitable.  There  is  a  higher  degree  of  risk  in  this  regard  with  respect  to  unfunded  backlog.  The 
actual amount and timing of any revenue is subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The actual 
recognition  of  revenue  on  contracts  included  in  backlog  may  never  occur  or  may  change  because  a  program  schedule  could 
change, a customer may not follow up with order details (e.g., delivery instructions), fluctuations in currency exchange rates 
after an order is placed could cause our products to become too expensive for a foreign customer, a customer’s program could 
be canceled, a contract could be reduced, modified or terminated early due to changes in a customer’s priorities, funding may 
not be included in future budgets, actual indirect rates being reimbursed on U.S. government contracts may ultimately be less 
than those indirect rates included in our initial proposals, or an option that we had assumed would be exercised is not exercised. 
As  a  result  of  these  contingencies,  we  may  adjust  our  backlog  if  we  determine  that  such  orders  are  no  longer  firm  and/or 
funded. In addition to adjustments from these types of contingencies, variations in backlog from time to time are attributable, in 
part,  to  changes  in  sales  mix,  the  timing  of  contract  proposals,  the  timing  of  contract  awards,  delivery  schedules  on  specific 
contracts  and  new  bookings  obtained  through  acquisitions.  A  large  majority  of  the  solutions  in  our  satellite  ground  station 
technologies product line within our Satellite and Space Communications segment operate under short lead times. Backlog in 
both our Satellite and Space Communications segment and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment and has been, and could 
be, highly influenced by the nature and timing of orders received from federal, state and local governments and defense-related 
agencies, causing such orders to be subject to unpredictable funding, deployment and technology decisions by such customers. 
As a result, we believe our backlog and orders, at any point in time, are not necessarily indicative of the total sales anticipated 
for any future period.

Research and Development

We have established leading technology positions in our fields through internal and customer-funded research and development 
activities.

Internal research and development expenses are reported as research and development expenses for financial reporting purposes 
and were $52.5 million, $49.1 million and $52.2 million in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing 10.8%, 8.4% 
and 8.5% of total consolidated net sales, respectively, for these periods. Customer-funded research and development activities 
relate to the adaptation of our basic technology to specialized customer requirements which is recoverable under contracts and 
is reflected in net sales with the related costs included in cost of sales. Certain of our government customers also contract with 
us from time to time to conduct research on telecommunications software, equipment and systems. During fiscal 2022, 2021 
and 2020, we were reimbursed by customers for such activities in the amounts of $9.8 million, $13.6 million and $11.9 million, 
respectively.  During  fiscal  2022  and  2021,  we  incurred  $1.2  million  and  $0.3  million,  respectively,  of  strategic  emerging 
technology  costs  for  next-generation  satellite  technology  to  advance  our  solutions  offerings  to  be  used  with  new  broadband 
satellite constellations. We are evaluating this new market in relation to our long-term business strategies, and likely to incur 
additional costs in fiscal 2023. 

Intellectual Property

We  rely  upon  trade  secrets,  technical  know-how,  continuing  technological  innovation  and,  with  respect  to  certain  key 
technologies,  patents  to  develop  and  maintain  our  competitive  position.  The  products  we  sell  require  significant  engineering 
design and manufacturing expertise. For technological capabilities that are not protected by patents or licenses, we generally 
rely on the expertise of our employees and our learned experiences in both the design and manufacture of our products and the 
delivery of our services.

Some  of  our  key  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  technology  is  protected  by  patents  that  are  significant  to 
protecting our proprietary technology. We have been issued several U.S. patents relating to forward error correction technology 
that  is  utilized  in  our  TPC-enabled  satellite  modems.  Due  to  our  market  leadership  position,  we  do  not  expect  that  upon 
expiration of these patents, our future results will be negatively impacted.

12

We have a portfolio of several hundred patents worldwide relating to wireless location services, text messaging, GPS ephemeris 
data,  emergency  public  safety  data  routing,  electronic  commerce  and  other  areas.  To-date,  our  strategy  has  been  to  avoid 
offensive  and  defensive  patent  litigation  and  focus  on  building  meaningful  partnerships  with  other  companies  through  direct 
licensing, cross licensing, and other forms of agreements. We do not believe that any single patent or group of patents, patent 
application or patent license agreement is material to our operations.

We  have  filed  additional  patent  applications  for  certain  apparatus  and  processes  we  believe  we  have  invented  covering  key 
features of location services, wireless text alerts, SMS Center, mobile-originated data and E911 network software. There is no 
assurance that any patent application will result in a patent being issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other patent 
offices, nor is there any guarantee that any issued patent will be valid and enforceable. Additionally, foreign patent rights may 
or may not be available or pursued in any technology area for which U.S. patent applications have been filed. 

Almost all the products and services we sell to the U.S. government include technology and other technical know-how that we 
have internally developed. In past instances where we have provided government-purpose rights, to our knowledge, the U.S. 
government  has  not  exercised  any  of  these  rights.  To  the  extent  that  we  have  provided  or  will  provide  government-purpose 
rights  in  the  future,  we  believe  that  given  the  rapidly  changing  nature  of  our  technology,  our  future  success  will  depend 
primarily on the technical competence and creative skill of our personnel, rather than any contractual protection.

Competition

Our  businesses  are  highly  competitive  and  are  characterized  by  rapid  technological  change.  Some  of  our  competitors  are 
substantially  larger,  have  significantly  greater  financial,  marketing,  research  and  development,  technological  and  operating 
resources and broader product lines than we have. Other companies are developing new technologies and the shift towards open 
standards  such  as  IP-based  satellite  networks  will  likely  result  in  increased  competition.  A  significant  technological 
breakthrough by others, including new companies, our existing competitors and our customers, could have a material adverse 
effect  on  our  business.  Our  future  success  depends  on,  among  other  things,  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  such  changes  and 
developments and to respond to the increasing variety of electronic equipment users and transmission technologies.

Some  large  defense-based  companies,  such  as  Northrop  Grumman  Corporation,  have  subsidiaries  or  divisions  that  compete 
against us in one or more business segments. In addition, new and potential competitors are always emerging. Certain of our 
customers,  such  as  prime  contractors  who  currently  outsource  their  engineering  and  manufacturing  requirements  to  us,  have 
technological capabilities in our product areas and could choose to replace our products with products they develop. In some 
cases, we partner or team with companies (both large and mid-tier) to compete against other teams for large defense programs. 
In some cases, these same companies may be among our competitors.

Listed below, in alphabetical order, are some of our competitors in each of our two business segments:

Satellite  and  Space  Communications  –  ACTIA  Group,  Advantech  Co.,  Ltd.,  Aethercomm  Inc.,  Agilis  Satcom, 
AMERGINT  Technologies,  Inc.,  AnaCom,  Inc.,  Codan  Limited,  CPI  International,  Inc.,  Datum  Systems,  Inc.,  dB 
Control  Corp.  (a  subsidiary  of  HEICO  Corp.),  ENENSYS  Technologies,  ETM  Electromatic  Inc.,  Gilat  Satellite 
Networks  Ltd.,  Empower  RF  Systems,  Inc.,  Envistacom,  LLC,  General  Dynamics  Corporation,  Hughes  Network 
Systems,  LLC  (a  subsidiary  of  EchoStar),  KVH  Industries,  Inc.,  L3Harris  Technologies,  Inc.,  Mission  Microwave 
Technologies,  LLC,  ND  Satcom  GmbH,  Panasonic  Corporation,  Paradise  Datacom  Ltd.  (a  subsidiary  of  Teledyne 
Technologies  Incorporated),  Raytheon  Technologies  Corporation,  SatixFy  Israel  Ltd.,  ST  Engineering  iDirect,  Inc. 
(including Newtec), Terrasat Communications Inc., and ViaSat, Inc.

Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  –  AT&T  Inc.,  Atos,  Bandwidth.com,  CalAmp  Corp.,  Carbyne,  Central  Square 
Technologies, 8x8, Inc., Everbridge, Inc., Google Inc. (a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc.), Here Technologies, Immersive 
Labs, INdigital, Intrado Corporation (formerly West Corporation), LM Ericsson, Lumen Technologies, Inc. (formerly 
CenturyLink,  Inc.),  Mobile  Arts  AB,  Motorola  Solutions,  Inc.,  NGA911,  Nokia  Networks  (a  subsidiary  of  Nokia 
Corporation),  RapidDeploy,  Inc.,  Rave  Mobile  Safety,  Sinch  AB  (Inteliquent),  Synergem  Technologies,  ThriveDX, 
and TomTom N.V.

We believe that competition in all our markets is based primarily on technology innovation, product performance, reputation, 
delivery times, customer support and price. Due to our proprietary know-how, we believe we can develop, produce and deliver 
products and services on a cost-effective basis faster than many of our competitors.

13

Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability

We recognize the need for driving corporate responsibility within our organization, throughout our supplier network and in our 
communities.  To  drive  this  responsibility,  we  will  continue  to  target  effective  corporate  governance,  ethical  behavior  in  the 
workplace and social responsibility, while also updating and enhancing this focus with initiatives, such as:

•

•
•

refreshing the roles and responsibilities of the committees of our Board of Directors, including with the establishment 
of an Environment, Social and Governance ("ESG") task force supervised by our Board of Directors,
developing a company-wide People Strategy to foster and promote workplace talent and diversity, and
organizing  a  company-wide  strategic  sourcing  group  that  will  be  accountable  for  tracking  and  driving  resource 
reduction  targets,  such  as  resource-efficient  manufacturing,  reduction  of  hazardous  substances,  and  take-back, 
recycling and reuse of products.

Human Capital

We realize that our employees are one of our most valuable assets and believe our success depends on the talent we attract and 
retain,  which  is  why  we  are  developing  what  we  call  our  People  Strategy.  We  are  passionate  about  building  meaningful 
employee engagement and happiness in a variety of ways that will be addressed in our People Strategy, including providing a 
foundation  for  a  diverse,  inclusive  and  equitable  workplace  where  employees  feel  they  belong;  developing  and  promoting 
talent; supporting a competitive benefits program; and enforcing the importance of our employees’ health, safety and wellness. 

Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Belonging 

We believe a diverse, equitable, inclusive workplace is critical to our ability to develop innovative solutions and is key to the 
future  of  our  success.  We  encourage  employees  to  be  inspired  and  strive  for  them  to  feel  like  they  belong.  We  focus  on 
expanding our diverse workforce by reaching out to institutions promoting the employment of minorities, attending recruiting 
events  aimed  at  attracting  talent  of  diverse  heritage  and  veteran  backgrounds,  as  well  as  by  considering  diversity  of  our 
workforce  during  our  talent,  promotion,  and  succession  planning.  Through  these  and  other  efforts,  during  fiscal  2022,  two 
additional female executives were hired onto our executive leadership team, including our first female Chief Operating Officer. 
Three female professionals were also recently appointed to our Board of Directors ("Board") (which currently consists of 37.5% 
female  and  62.5%  male  Board  members).  Additionally,  in  fiscal  2022,  a  member  of  our  executive  leadership  team  was 
recognized as an honoree for diversity in business based on such individual's efforts in our organization and the community. 

Our  leadership  team  identified  several  company-wide  diversity  initiatives  such  as  celebrating  Black  History  Month,  Asian 
American Pacific Islander Heritage Month, International Women’s Day and Pride Month, where employees and their families 
are encouraged to participate, celebrate, and showcase their views, culture, and history on our social media and company-wide 
communication platforms. When unique stories are celebrated, employees feel connected in meaningful ways and support each 
other to reach our full potential.

Employee Workforce as of July 31, 2022

Women

23%

People of Color

36%*

Veterans

8%

People with Disabilities

5%

*People of Color include employees who identify with any race other than white.

Talent

To  meet  and  execute  our  strategic  business  goals,  we  are  focused  on  sourcing,  attracting,  and  retaining  top  talent,  especially 
those  with  engineering,  science,  and  technical  backgrounds.  We  recognize  and  reward  performance  while  continually 
developing,  engaging  and  retaining  high-performing  employees.  We  have  made  significant  investments  to  provide  ongoing 
training and career development by offering courses on our online learning management system. We offer job-specific skills 
training to promote and develop advancement within the organization and to enhance skills. Training in and compliance with 
our Standards of Business Conduct and Trade and FCPA compliance is also mandatory among our employees.

14

Through  certain  government  contracts  that  we  participate  in,  we  partner  with  our  end  customer  to  provide  enlisted,  active 
military personnel (whose service is expected to end within 6 months) onsite training to help them with a successful transition 
to a civilian life. Also, in an effort to retain and attract new talent, we partner with local universities to hire interns throughout 
our  organization.  During  fiscal  2022,  we  engaged  several  interns  throughout  the  company  with  interests  ranging  from 
procurement, engineering, and legal practice. 

At July 31, 2022, we had 1,993 employees (including temporary employees and contractors), 1,143 of whom were engaged in 
production and production support, 498 in research and development and other engineering support, and 352 in marketing and 
administrative  functions.  None  of  our  U.S.  based  employees  are  represented  by  a  labor  union.  Of  our  1,993  employees,  496 
employees are based outside of the United States, including 148 employees in the United Kingdom, 139 employees in India and 
138 employees in Canada. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Safety and Wellness

We strive to maintain a robust health, safety and wellness program to ensure a healthy work environment, promote workforce 
resiliency,  and  enhance  business  value.  We  encourage  employee  participation  to  identify  opportunities  for  improvement  and 
review  and  monitor  our  performance  with  safety  committees  on  the  local  level.  Local  safety  committees  identify  safety 
programs and ensure completion of all training and target learning objectives. 

We continue to review our business models to support flexible working arrangements, where possible, to meet the needs of our 
employees and our business. We continue to review CDC guidelines to monitor safety measures in all facilities in light of the 
continuing COVID-19 pandemic.

Employee  wellness  is  important  to  Comtech.  All  employees  and  their  households  have  access  to  an  employee  assistance 
program, as well as a health advocate program to help with all aspects of benefits, family life, financial concerns, legal issues 
and transition to retirement. Assistance is available 365 days per year, 24 hours per day.

We rigorously review our benefit and compensation plans to maintain competitive packages that reflect the wellness needs of 
our workforce and the marketplace. These programs include 401(k) plans, health and welfare benefits, among many others. We 
support pay equity for all employees within the same geographic area, experience level, and performance standards. 

Environment

We encourage our employees to respect our environment. To compound these efforts, we offer recycling bins at our facilities 
and  encourage  employees  to  use  environmentally  friendly  commuting  options  such  as  mass  transit  (providing  company 
sponsored mass transit cards) and share ride programs. Where appropriate, we also consider work from home arrangements to 
eliminate  commuting  altogether.  In  2022,  we  celebrated  Earth  Day  in  our  company  by  encouraging  our  global  employees  to 
participate in environmentally-focused initiatives and then share their activities on social media.

U.S. Government Contracts and Security Clearances

The U.S. government operates on an October-to-September fiscal year. Generally, in February of each year, the President of the 
United States presents to the U.S. Congress ("Congress") the proposed budget for the upcoming fiscal year and from February 
through  September  of  each  year,  the  appropriations  and  authorization  committees  of  Congress  review  the  President’s  budget 
proposals and establish the funding levels for the upcoming fiscal year. Once these levels are enacted into law, the Executive 
Office  of  the  President  administers  the  funds  to  the  agencies.  Thereafter,  we  can  receive  orders  pursuant  to  sole-source  or 
competitively awarded contracts, which we describe below.

The U.S. government may be unable to complete its budget process before the end of any given government fiscal year and 
when the fiscal budget is not approved in a timely manner, the U.S. government is required either to shut down or be funded 
pursuant  to  a  "continuing  resolution"  that  authorizes  agencies  of  the  U.S.  government  to  continue  operations  but  does  not 
authorize  new  spending  initiatives,  either  of  which  could  result  in  reduced  or  delayed  orders  or  payments  for  products  and 
services we provide.

15

Sole-source  contracts  are  generally  awarded  to  a  single  contractor  without  a  formal  competition  when  a  single  contractor  is 
deemed to have an expertise or technology superior to that of competing contractors or when there is an urgent need by the U.S. 
government  that  cannot  wait  for  a  full  competitive  process.  Potential  suppliers  compete  informally  through  research  and 
development and marketing efforts. Competitively-bid contracts are awarded based on a formal proposal evaluation established 
by the procuring agency and interested contractors prepare bids. Competitively-bid contracts are awarded after a formal bid and 
proposal competition among suppliers.

The  U.S.  government  has  a  stated  policy  direction  to  reduce  the  number  of  sole-source  contract  awards  across  all  procuring 
agencies. In addition, the U.S. government is increasing the use of multiple-award IDIQ contracts to increase its procurement 
options. IDIQ contracts allow the U.S. government to select a group of eligible contractors for the same program. When the 
government awards IDIQ contracts to multiple bidders under the same program, a company that has already competed to be 
selected  as  a  participant  in  the  program  must  subsequently  compete  for  individual  delivery  orders.  As  a  result  of  this  U.S. 
government  shift  toward  multiple  award  IDIQ  contracts,  we  expect  to  face  greater  competition  for  future  U.S.  government 
contracts and, at the same time, greater opportunities for us to participate in program areas that we do not currently participate 
in.

As  a  U.S.  government  contractor  and  subcontractor,  we  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  rules  and  regulations,  such  as  the  Federal 
Acquisition Regulations ("FAR"). Individual agencies can also have acquisition regulations. For example, the Department of 
Defense  implements  the  FAR  through  the  Defense  Federal  Acquisition  Regulation  supplement  (commonly  known  as 
"DFARs"). For all Federal government entities, the FAR regulates the phases of any product or service acquisition, including: 
acquisition  planning,  competition  requirements,  contractor  qualifications,  protection  of  source  selection  and  vendor 
information,  and  acquisition  procedures.  In  addition,  the  FAR  addresses  the  allowability  of  supplier  costs,  while  Cost 
Accounting  Standards  address  how  those  costs  can  be  allocated  to  contracts.  The  FAR  also  subjects  suppliers  to  audits  and 
other  government  reviews.  These  reviews  cover  issues  such  as  cost,  performance  and  accounting  practices  relating  to  our 
contracts. The government may challenge a supplier's costs and fees. Suppliers are also required to comply with the National 
Industrial  Security  Program  Operating  Manual  which  relates  to  the  handling  of  classified  materials  and  programs  and  is 
administered  by  the  Defense  Counterintelligence  and  Security  Agency  (“DCSA”).  Suppliers  who  do  not  comply  with  these 
various  regulations  may  lose  and/or  become  ineligible  for  facility  security  clearances  and/or  participation  in  classified 
programs.

Under firm fixed-price contracts, we perform for an agreed-upon price and we can derive benefits from cost savings, but bear 
the risk of cost overruns. Our cost-reimbursable type contracts typically provide for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred 
plus  a  negotiated  fee.  Cost-plus-incentive-fee  orders  typically  provide  for  sharing  with  the  U.S.  government  savings  accrued 
from  orders  performed  for  less  than  the  target  costs  and  costs  incurred  in  excess  of  targets  up  to  a  negotiated  ceiling  price 
(which is higher than the target cost), and for the supplier to carry the entire burden of costs exceeding the negotiated ceiling 
price. 

In fiscal 2022, $132.6 million or 27.2% of our consolidated net sales were to the U.S. government (including sales to prime 
contractors to the U.S. government). Of this amount, firm fixed-price and cost-reimbursable type contracts (including fixed-fee, 
incentive-fee and time and material type contracts) accounted for approximately $105.5 million and $27.1 million, respectively. 

Regulatory Matters

In addition to the rules and regulations that pertain to us as a U.S. government contractor and subcontractor, we are also subject 
to a variety of local, state and federal governmental regulations.

Our products that are incorporated into wireless communications systems must comply with various government regulations, 
including  those  of  the  FCC.  Our  manufacturing  facilities,  which  may  store,  handle,  emit,  generate  and  dispose  of  hazardous 
substances  that  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  our  products,  are  subject  to  a  variety  of  local,  state  and  federal  regulations, 
including  those  issued  by  the  Environmental  Protection  Agency.  Our  products  are  also  subject  to  European  Union  directives 
related to the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. 

16

Our  international  sales  are  subject  to  U.S.  and  foreign  regulations  such  as  the  Arms  Export  Control  Act,  the  International 
Emergency  Economic  Powers  Act  ("IEEPA"),  the  International  Traffic  in  Arms  Regulations  ("ITAR"),  the  Export 
Administration Regulations ("EAR") and the trade sanctions laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the 
Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), the Department of Commerce ("DoC") as well as other applicable laws 
relating to trade, export controls and foreign corrupt practices, the violation of which could adversely affect our operations. We 
must comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations of the U.S. and other countries. Certain of our products and 
systems  may  require  licenses  from  U.S.  government  agencies  for  export  from  the  U.S.,  and  some  of  our  products  are  not 
permitted to be exported. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain necessary export licenses, and such failure would 
materially adversely affect our operations. If we are unable to receive appropriate export authorizations in the future, we may be 
prohibited from selling our products and services internationally, which may limit our sales and have a material adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in certain cases, U.S. export controls also severely 
limit unlicensed technical discussions, such as discussions with any persons who are not U.S. citizens or permanent residents. 
As  a  result,  in  cases  where  we  may  need  an  export  license,  our  ability  to  compete  against  a  non-U.S.  domiciled  foreign 
company that may not be subject to the same U.S. laws may be materially adversely affected. In addition, we are subject to the 
Foreign  Corrupt  Practices  Act  ("FCPA")  and  other  local  laws  that  generally  bar  bribes  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign 
governments or officials. Violations of these laws or regulations could result in significant sanctions, including disgorgement of 
profits,  fines,  and  criminal  sanctions  against  us,  our  officers,  our  directors,  or  our  employees,  more  onerous  compliance 
requirements,  more  extensive  debarments  from  export  privileges  or  loss  of  authorizations  needed  to  conduct  aspects  of  our 
international business. A violation of any of the regulations enumerated above could materially adversely affect our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, changes in regulatory requirements could further restrict our ability 
to deliver services to our international customers, including the addition of a country to the list of sanctioned countries under 
the IEEPA or similar legislation could negatively impact our business.

In the past, we have self-reported violations of export control laws or regulations to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of 
Defense  Trade  Controls  ("DDTC"),  DoC  and  OFAC.  In  addition,  we  have  made  various  commitments  to  U.S.  government 
agencies  that  oversee  trade  and  export  matters  that  we  will  maintain  certain  policies  and  procedures  including  maintaining  a 
company-wide Office of Trade Compliance and conducting ongoing internal assessments and reporting any future violations to 
those agencies.

Our  financial  reporting,  corporate  governance,  public  disclosure  and  compliance  practices  are  governed  by  laws  such  as  the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, and rules and regulations issued by the SEC. The SEC has adopted rules 
which require, among other things, public companies to conduct certain inquiries to determine whether or not Conflict Minerals 
(as that term is defined in the SEC rules) that are necessary to the functionality of their manufactured products or their product's 
production processes originated in a Covered Country (as that term is defined in the SEC rules) and ultimately file a report with 
the SEC. Conflict Minerals are widely used in many industries, including the telecommunications industry and almost all of our 
products include component parts purchased from third-party suppliers and we must rely heavily on information received from 
suppliers  to  determine  the  origin  of  those  materials.  We  have  implemented  a  due  diligence  program  consistent  with  the 
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines to collect information concerning the country of origin 
of Conflict Minerals and in that regard, have adopted a policy that requires our suppliers (both public and private) to commit to 
a  code  of  conduct  relating  to  the  responsible  sourcing  of  minerals  and  to  establish  a  policy  to  reasonably  assure  that  the 
products they manufacture do not contain Conflict Minerals that originated in a Covered Country. Efforts to comply with this 
SEC rule have resulted in additional costs to us and, we believe, to our suppliers. As such, the availability of raw materials used 
in our operations could be negatively impacted and/or raw material prices could increase. Further, if we are unable to certify 
that  our  products  are  conflict  free,  we  may  face  challenges  with  our  customers,  which  could  place  us  at  a  competitive 
disadvantage and could harm our reputation.

Laws  and  regulations  have  been  enacted  that  affect  companies  conducting  business  on  the  Internet,  including  the  European 
General  Data  Protection  Regulation  ("GDPR").  The  GDPR  imposes  certain  privacy  related  requirements  on  companies  that 
receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union that are currently different than those in the United States 
and include significant penalties for non-compliance. Similarly, there are several legislative proposals in the United States, at 
both the federal and state level, that could impose new obligations in areas affecting our business, such as liability for personal 
data  protection.  In  addition,  some  countries  are  considering  or  have  passed  legislation  implementing  data  protection 
requirements  or  requiring  local  storage  and  processing  of  data  or  similar  requirements  that  could  increase  the  cost  and 
complexity of delivering our services. Our costs to comply with the GDPR as well any other similar laws and regulations that 
emerge may negatively impact our business.

17

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following describes major risks to our business and should be considered carefully. Any of these factors could significantly 
and negatively affect our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results, which could cause the trading prices of 
our equity securities to decline. The risks described below are not the only risks we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties 
not presently known to us, or risks that we currently consider immaterial, could also negatively affect us.

Summary of Risk Factors 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  principal  risks  that  could  significantly  and  negatively  affect  our  business,  prospects, 
financial conditions, or operating results. For a more complete discussion of the material risks facing our business, please see 
below: 

Global Risks

• We are unable to predict the extent to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related supply chain constraints 
will  continue  to  adversely  impact  our  business  operations,  financial  performance,  results  of  operations,  financial 
position and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

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Our business outlook is difficult to forecast and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations and are likely to 
be volatile.

If global economic business and political conditions deteriorate as compared to the current environment it could have a 
material adverse impact on our business outlook and our business, operating results and financial condition.

New  and  ongoing  challenges  relating  to  current  supply  chain  constraints  and  impacts  from  inflation,  including  for 
satellite ground station and troposcatter components, could adversely impact our revenue, gross margins and financial 
results.

• We  have  significant  operations  in  locations  which  could  be  materially  and  adversely  impacted  in  the  event  of  a 

terrorist attack or other significant disruptions (including natural disasters).

•

The military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the global response to it could adversely impact our revenues, 
gross margins and financial results. 

Business Risks

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Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification.

Contract  cost  growth  on  our  firm  fixed-price  contracts  exposes  us  to  reduced  profitability  and  the  potential  loss  of 
future business and other risks.

Our business is highly dependent on the budgetary decisions of our government customers.

Our contracts with the U.S. government are subject to unique business, commercial and government audit risks.

Our dependence on sales to international customers exposes us to unique business, commercial and export compliance 
audit risks.

A change in our relationship with our large wireless carrier customers could have a material adverse effect.

A  change  by  wireless  carrier  partners  in  the  pricing  and  other  terms  by  which  they  offer  our  products  to  their  end-
customers could have a material adverse affect. 

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Strategic Growth Risks

• We face a number of risks relating to the expected long-term growth of our business.

•

Loss  of  our  executive  officers  or  other  key  personnel  or  other  changes  to  our  management  team  could  disrupt  our 
operations and growth plans or harm our business.

• We  must  service  the  debt  and  maintain  compliance  with  various  covenants  under  a  Credit  Facility  that  imposes 

restrictions on our business.

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Acquisitions of companies and investments could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder 
value or adversely affect operating results or the market price of our common stock. 

Our  investments  in  recorded  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  could  be  impaired  as  a  result  of  future  business 
conditions, a deterioration of the global economy or if we change our reporting unit structure.

Cybersecurity Risks

• We  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a  system  failure,  breach,  attack  or  intrusion  of  our  IT  networks  or  those  we 

operate for certain customers, or third-party data center facilities, servers and related systems.

•

The measures we have implemented to secure information we collect and store or enable access to may be breached.

Legal, Regulatory and Litigation Risks

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Changes in U.S. federal, state and foreign tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our U.S. federal, state and foreign tax returns are subject to audit and a resulting tax assessment or settlement could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

• We may be subject to environmental liabilities.

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The success of our business is dependent on compliance with FCC rules and regulations and similar foreign laws and 
regulations.

Regulation  of  the  mobile  communications  industry  and  VoIP  is  evolving,  and  unfavorable  changes  or  our  failure  to 
comply with existing and potential new legislation or regulations could harm our business and operating results.

Ongoing compliance with the provisions of securities laws, related regulations and financial reporting standards could 
unexpectedly materially increase our costs and compliance related expenses.

Indemnification  provisions  in  our  contracts  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations, financial position, or cash flows.

• We are, from time to time, and could become a party to additional litigation or subject to claims.

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Protection of our intellectual property is limited and pursuing infringers of our patents and other intellectual property 
rights can be costly.

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property rights and we could be prevented from selling our 
products, or suffer significant litigation expense, even if these claims have no merit.

Competitive Risks

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All  of  our  business  activities  are  subject  to  rapid  technological  change,  new  entrants,  the  introduction  of  other 
distribution models and long development and testing periods each of which may harm our competitive position.

Our business is highly competitive, we are reliant upon the success of our partners, and some of our competitors have 
significantly  greater  resources  than  we  do,  which  could  result  in  a  loss  of  customers,  market  share  and/or  market 
acceptance.

• We rely upon various third-party companies and their technology to provide services to our customers.

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Because our software may contain defects or errors, and our hardware products may incorporate defective components, 
our sales could decrease if these defects or errors adversely affect our reputation or delay shipments of our products.      

Risks Related to our Common Stock
Our stock price is volatile.

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Future issuances of our shares of common stock could dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and reduce 
the market price of our shares of common stock.

Actions of activist stockholders could impact the pursuit of our business strategies and adversely affect our results of 
operations, financial condition and/or share price. 

Provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of Comtech.

A disruption in our Common Stock dividend program could negatively impact our stock price.

Global Risks

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related supply chain constraints have impacted our business, operating results 
and financial condition, as well as the operations and financial performance of many of the customers and suppliers in 
industries  that  we  serve.  We  are  unable  to  predict  the  extent  to  which  the  pandemic,  supply  chain  constraints  and 
related  effects  will  adversely  impact  our  business  operations,  financial  performance,  results  of  operations,  financial 
position and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related disease control measures have significantly impacted the global economy and has created 
significant supply chain constraints. These issues have had and could continue to have adverse effects on our business, financial 
position, results of operations and cash flows. Although there has been an increase in vaccinations throughout the United States, 
vaccinations  internationally  have  progressed  at  a  slower  rate  and  the  impact  of  new  strains  of  the  virus  are  uncertain.  The 
situation is changing rapidly and there may be additional impacts of which we are currently unaware. The extent to which the 
COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which cannot be predicted.

Poor business conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the suppression of end-market demand for many of 
our products such as satellite ground station technologies and other short-lead time products. Because the timing, impact, 
severity and duration of these conditions are impossible to predict and remain ongoing, there is a risk that such conditions will 
have an adverse effect on our future consolidated results of operations, in particular in light of ongoing global supply chain 
disruptions, part shortages and extended lead times for components. The impact of the pandemic on our business has included 
or could in the future include:

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disruptions  to  or  restrictions  on  our  ability  to  ensure  the  continuous  manufacture  and  supply  of  our  products  and 
services, including insufficiency of our existing inventory levels;

temporary  closures  or  reductions  in  operational  capacity  of  our  facilities  or  the  facilities  of  our  direct  or  indirect 
suppliers or customers;

permanent closures of our direct and indirect suppliers, resulting in adverse effects to our supply chain;

temporary shortages of skilled employees available to staff manufacturing, production and assembly facilities due to 
stay at home orders in many markets and travel restrictions within as well as into and out of countries;

increases  in  operational  expenses  and  other  costs  related  to  requirements  implemented  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  the 
pandemic on our business and workforce;

supply chain disruptions, including increased freight costs;

delays or limitations on the ability of our customers to perform or make timely payments;

cancellations in our backlog;

reductions in short- and long-term demand for our products, or other disruptions in technology buying patterns;

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adverse effects on economies and financial markets globally or in various markets throughout the world, potentially 
leading  to  a  prolonged  economic  downturn  or  reductions  in  business  and  consumer  spending,  which  may  adversely 
affect our results of operations and cause difficulty in managing inventory levels;

delays to and/or lengthening of our sales or development cycles or qualification activity;

challenges for us, our direct and indirect suppliers and our customers in obtaining financing due to turmoil in financial 
markets;

workforce disruptions due to illness, quarantines, governmental actions, other restrictions, and/or the social distancing 
measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 at certain of our locations around the world in an effort to protect the 
health and well-being of our employees, customers, suppliers and of the communities in which we operate (including 
potential returns to restricting the number of employees attending events or meetings in person, limiting the number of 
people in our buildings and factories at any one time, restricting access to our facilities, suspending employee travel 
and meeting in person with customers);

increased vulnerability to cyberattacks due to the significant number of employees working remotely; and 

our  management  team  continuing  to  commit  significant  time,  attention  and  resources  to  monitoring  the  COVID-19 
pandemic and seeking to mitigate its effects on our business and workforce.

The ultimate extent of the impact of COVID-19 and supply chain constraints on our business, financial condition and results of 
operations  will  depend  on  future  developments,  which  are  still  highly  uncertain  and  cannot  be  predicted  at  this  time.  These 
impacts,  individually  or  in  the  aggregate,  have  had  and  could  continue  to  have  adverse  effects  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition. Such effect may be exacerbated in the event the pandemic, the measures taken in response to 
it, and their effects, persist for an extended period of time, or if there are periodic resurgences of COVID-19. 

New  and  ongoing  challenges  relating  to  current  supply  chain  constraints  and  impacts  from  inflation,  including  for 
satellite ground station and troposcatter components, could adversely impact our revenue, gross margins and financial 
results.

The  global  supply  chain  for  certain  raw  materials  and  components,  including  those  used  in  our  satellite  ground  station  and 
troposcatter equipment, has experienced significant strain in recent periods. The constrained supply environment has adversely 
affected, and could further affect, availability and lead times of raw materials and components, thereby impeding our ability to 
meet customer demand in circumstances where we cannot timely secure supply of components that meet our quality standards. 
Even when raw materials and components are available, they often come with higher prices reflecting an imbalance between 
supply and demand, as well as inflationary pressures affecting global markets.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, labor challenges and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine have 
caused, and we expect will continue to cause further delays in the supply chain. Despite our attempts to mitigate the impact on 
our business, constrained supply conditions have and are expected to continue to adversely impact our costs of goods sold and 
may impact the timing and amount of revenue we realize. During fiscal 2022, we experienced disruptions in our supply chain 
relating to later-than-expected delivery of certain key components from several suppliers that adversely impacted our revenue in 
fiscal 2022. In addition, the ongoing supply chain issues have affected the quality of the components we receive. Certain parts 
received in fiscal 2022 did not meet our quality specifications and we were unable to use them. 

We obtain certain components and subsystems from a single source or a limited number of sources. Some of our single source 
suppliers, particularly those that provide satellite ground station and troposcatter components, have reported to us that they are 
having disruptions in their respective supply chains. These single source components, which includes items such as cooling fans 
and power supplies, are in limited supply. In some cases, we have now depleted our stock inventory and we are on waiting lists 
to  obtain  additional  components.  In  order  to  ship  certain  items  during  fiscal  2023,  we  must  obtain  additional  components  to 
produce certain finished goods. We continue to seek new suppliers and inventory elsewhere. In light of current challenges in the 
supply chain, we may not be able to qualify alternate suppliers for our components. 

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Heading into our fiscal 2023, we have a significant portion of our targeted revenues in our backlog. However, if shipments from 
our  backlog  are  delayed  or  we  are  unable  to  obtain  expected  orders  or  components,  our  business  outlook  will  prove  to  be 
inaccurate.  These  aforementioned  supply  chain  constraints,  and  their  related  challenges  could  result  in  future  shortages, 
increased  material  costs  or  use  of  cash,  engineering  design  changes,  and  delays  in  new  product  introductions,  each  of  which 
could adversely impact our revenue, gross margins and financial results. There can be no assurance that the impacts of all the 
aforementioned conditions will not continue, or worsen, in the future.

Our business outlook is difficult to forecast and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations and are likely to 
be volatile.

Historically, our business outlook is difficult to forecast and backlog (sometimes referred to herein as orders or bookings), net 
sales  and  operating  results  may  vary  significantly  from  period  to  period  due  to  a  number  of  factors  including:  sales  mix; 
fluctuating market demand; start-up costs associated with the opening of our two new high-volume technology manufacturing 
centers;  price  competition;  new  product  introductions  by  us  or  our  competitors;  customer  bankruptcies;  changing  customer 
partnering procurement strategies; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; unexpected changes in the timing of delivery 
of  components  or  subsystems;  the  financial  performance  and  impact  of  acquisitions;  new  accounting  standards;  political 
instability; regulatory developments; changes in income tax rates or tax credits; the price and expected volatility of our stock 
(which  will  impact,  among  other  items,  the  amount  of  stock-based  compensation  expense  we  may  record);  general  global 
economic conditions, and the impact of natural disasters or global pandemics.

We  have  experienced,  and  will  experience  in  the  future,  significant  fluctuations  in  bookings,  net  sales  and  operating  results 
from  period  to  period.  For  example,  a  sudden  change  in  global  economic  conditions  (or  a  worsening  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic as described above) could have an immediate impact on a large portion of our net sales, a large amount of which are 
derived  from  products  such  as  satellite  ground  station  technologies,  amplifier  products  and  mission-critical  technologies  that 
generally have short order and lead times. Similarly, sales of certain of our public safety and location technologies are subject to 
sudden changes in wireless carrier procurement strategies, including decisions to sole-source such solutions or to perform such 
solutions  internally.  As  a  result,  bookings  and  backlog  related  to  these  solutions  are  extremely  sensitive  to  short-term 
fluctuations in customer demand.

In  addition,  a  large  portion  of  our  consolidated  net  sales  are  derived  in  part  from  large  U.S.  federal  and  state  government 
programs or large foreign government opportunities that are subject to lengthy sales cycles (including funding requirements) 
and are therefore difficult to predict.

If global economic business and political conditions deteriorate as compared to the current environment it could have an 
adverse impact on our business outlook and our business, operating results and financial condition.

Many  of  the  end-markets  for  our  products  and  services  may  be  significantly  impacted  for  other  issues  that  result  in  adverse 
global economic conditions. For example, many of our international end-customers are in emerging and developing countries 
that are subject to sweeping economic and political changes. Many governments around the world are under pressure to reduce 
their spending. In recent years, global oil and natural gas prices have been volatile and have significantly impaired the ability of 
certain of our government customers in the oil and gas producing regions of the world to invest in telecommunications products 
and  infrastructure.  Additionally,  the  relative  strength  of  the  U.S.  dollar  against  many  international  currencies  has  negatively 
impacted the purchasing power for many of our international end-customers because most of our sales are denominated in U.S. 
dollars. We generate significant sales from many emerging and developing countries and any such reduced purchasing power of 
our customers could adversely impact our sales and backlog. 

In addition, many of our international customers (including our Middle Eastern and African customers) rely on European bank 
or government financing to procure funding for large systems, many of which include our equipment. We believe that European 
financing has been and will continue to be difficult to obtain. Volatility of financing conditions may cause our customers to be 
reluctant  to  spend  funds  required  to  purchase  our  equipment  and  could  cause  their  projects  to  be  postponed  or  canceled.  In 
addition, if an adverse economic environment and lack of financing results in insolvencies for our customers, it would adversely 
impact the recoverability of our accounts receivable and/or inventories which would, in turn, adversely impact our results of 
operations.

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The United Kingdom ("U.K.") exited from the European Union ("E.U.") on January 31, 2020. Such exit, commonly referred to 
as "Brexit," has created and may continue to create economic and political uncertainties and impacts that could have an adverse 
effect on our business, operations and profitability. Although the U.K. and E.U. entered a trade agreement for goods that was 
approved  by  the  European  Parliament  in  April  2021,  there  is  no  guarantee  that  it  will  remain  in  force  as  other  cross-border 
issues  remain  contested.  We  maintain  production,  engineering  and  sales  facilities  in  the  U.K.  and  adverse  consequences  of 
Brexit  could  result  in  a  deterioration  in  global  economic  conditions,  instability  in  global  financial  markets,  political  and 
regulatory  uncertainty,  volatility  in  currency  exchange  rates,  or  adverse  changes  in  the  cross-border  agreements  currently  in 
place, any of which could have an adverse impact on our financial results in the future.

We believe that the current global economic business environment is unstable and sudden negative changes could result in the 
immediate suppression of end-market demand for many of our products such as satellite ground station technologies and other 
short-lead time products. The timing, impact, severity and duration of these conditions are difficult to predict. If U.S. or global 
economic  conditions  deteriorate,  or  political  conditions  become  unstable,  or  additional  economic  sanctions  are  imposed  on 
some of our end-customers, it could adversely impact our business in a number of ways. In the past, our businesses have been 
negatively  affected  by  uncertain  economic  environments 
the 
telecommunications  sector.  Our  customers  have  reduced  their  budgets  for  spending  on  telecommunications  equipment  and 
systems and in some cases postponed or reduced the purchase of our products and systems. In the future, our customers may 
again  reduce  their  spending  on  telecommunications  equipment  and  systems  which  would  negatively  impact  both  of  our 
operating segments. If this occurs, it would adversely affect our business outlook, net sales, profitability and the recoverability 
of our assets, including intangible assets such as goodwill.

the  overall  market  and,  more  specifically, 

in 

in 

We  have  significant  operations  in  Arizona,  Florida,  California,  Washington  State,  Maryland,  New  York  and  other 
locations which could be materially and adversely impacted in the event of a terrorist attack and government responses 
thereto or significant disruptions (including natural disasters) to our business.

Terrorist attacks, the U.S. and other governments' responses thereto, and threats of war could adversely impact our business, 
results of operations and financial condition. For example, our 911 hosted location-based services and satellite teleport services 
operations depend on our ability to maintain our computer and equipment and systems in effective working order, and to protect 
our  systems  against  damage  from  fire,  natural  disaster,  terrorist  attack,  power  loss,  telecommunications  failure,  sabotage, 
unauthorized access to our system or similar events. 

Any unanticipated interruption or delay in our operations or breach of security could have an adverse effect on our business, 
results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Our  property  and  business  interruption  insurance  may  not  be  adequate  to 
compensate  us  for  any  losses  that  may  occur  in  the  event  of  a  terrorist  attack,  threat,  system  failure  or  a  breach  of  security. 
Insurance may not be available to us at all or, if available, may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms. 

We  currently,  and  intend  to  continue  to,  operate  a  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona.  The 
COVID-19 pandemic, a terrorist attack or similar future event may disrupt our operations or those of our customers or suppliers 
and  may  affect  the  availability  of  materials  needed  to  manufacture  our  products  or  the  means  to  transport  those  materials  to 
manufacturing  facilities  and  finished  products  to  customers.  If  a  natural  disaster  or  other  business  interruption  occurred  with 
respect to our high-volume technology manufacturing center, we do not have immediate access to other manufacturing facilities 
and, as a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. To support 
our long-term business goals for our satellite earth station product line, in fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year lease for a new 
146,000 square foot facility in Chandler, Arizona and began shifting production of our satellite earth station products from our 
existing Tempe, Arizona locations. If we are unable to have a smooth transition to our new facility, production and deliveries of 
our products may be impacted and we may incur unexpected costs. 

We design and manufacture our over-the-horizon microwave equipment and systems in Florida, where major hurricanes have 
occurred  in  the  past,  and  amplifiers  in  Santa  Clara,  California,  an  area  close  to  major  earthquake  fault  lines,  and  also 
manufacture  amplifiers  in  Melville,  New  York,  an  area  subject  to  hurricanes.  Additionally,  certain  of  our  Terrestrial  and 
Wireless Networks segment activities are conducted in Washington State near a fault line. We maintain operations in Maryland 
near a U.S. Navy facility which may be more prone to a terrorist attack. Our operations in these and other locations (such as in 
our  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona  and  our  antenna  production  facility  in  the  United 
Kingdom),  could  be  subject  to  natural  disasters  or  other  significant  disruptions,  including  hurricanes,  tornadoes,  typhoons, 
tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, fires, water shortages, other extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, acts of terrorism, 
power shortages and blackouts, telecommunications failures, and other natural and man-made disasters or disruptions.

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We  cannot  be  sure  that  our  systems  will  operate  appropriately  if  we  experience  hardware  or  software  failure,  intentional 
disruptions of service by third parties, an act of God or an act of war. A failure in our systems could cause delays in transmitting 
data, and as a result we may lose customers or face litigation that could involve material costs and distract management from 
operating our business.

In the event of any such disaster or other disruption, we could experience disruptions or interruptions to our operations or the 
operations of our suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers; destruction of facilities; and/or loss of life, all of which could 
materially increase our costs and expenses and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and business shutdowns both domestically and globally, 
including in locations in which we have significant operations. These or any further political, governmental or other actions to 
contain the spread or treat the impact of COVID-19, and the resulting developments, are highly uncertain and unpredictable and 
could result in social, economic and labor instability. These uncertainties could have an adverse effect on the continuity of our 
business and our financial condition, the results of operations and cash flows. 

The military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the global response to it could adversely impact our revenues, 
gross margins and financial results. 

The  U.S.  government  and  other  nations  have  imposed  significant  restrictions  on  most  companies’  ability  to  do  business  in 
Russia.  It  is  not  possible  to  predict  the  broader  or  longer-term  consequences  of  this  conflict,  which  could  include  further 
sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts, adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, security conditions, 
currency exchange rates and financial markets. Such geo-political instability and uncertainty could have a negative impact on 
our  ability  to  sell  to,  ship  products  to,  collect  payments  from,  and  support  customers  in  certain  regions  based  on  trade 
restrictions,  embargoes,  export  control  law  restrictions,  and  logistics  restrictions  including  closures  of  air  space,  and  could 
increase the costs, risks and adverse impacts from these new challenges. We may also be the subject of increased cyber-attacks 
as a result of the conflict.

The  military  conflict  between  Russia  and  Ukraine  has  impacted  our  sales  pipeline  and  continues  to  have  significant 
repercussions for our business. Although sales into Russia represented approximately 1% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 
2022 and 2021, consolidated net sales into Russia in fiscal 2023 and beyond were expected to significantly grow. As a result of 
the economic sanctions against Russia, we are assuming no new sales in Russia in fiscal 2023 and the foreseeable future. 

As a result of this conflict, in fiscal 2022, certain customers (including the U.S. and Ukrainian government) paused procurement 
and deployment of satellite and troposcatter communication systems, and instead began purchasing war-fighting equipment.

For  example,  we  had  several  opportunities  to  provide  wireless  communication  systems  (including  troposcatter  systems)  to 
Ukraine  for  a  variety  of  both  defense  and  communications  uses.  Funding  for  these  systems  was  expected  to  be  provided  by 
Ukraine  and  by  the  U.S.  government  and  these  items  were  expected  to  be  awarded  and  shipped  in  the  second  half  of  fiscal 
2022.  As  result  of  the  conflict  in  Ukraine,  it  has  become  difficult  to  predict  the  timing  or  dollar  amount  of  these  types  of 
awards. Additionally, funding for opportunities with other customers that we expected to book and ship has also been shifted to 
other programs and/or temporarily delayed as a result of changes in defense spending priorities. 

Prior  to  this  conflict,  we  maintained  a  small  group  of  employees  in  Moscow,  Russia  who  supported  certain  UHP-branded 
satellite  communications  products.  We  are  actively  hiring  new  employees,  expanding  our  Canadian  operations  and  shifting 
certain  commercial  software  development  and  support  activities  outside  of  Russia.  However,  as  we  are  currently  in  an 
environment  where  software  engineering  talent  is  already  in  high  demand  and  commands  a  premium,  we  expect  to  incur 
additional annual expenses in connection with this personnel shift for our UHP products. We may not be able to timely ramp up 
our operations in Canada or elsewhere on a sufficient scale to support anticipated growth of our UHP products, which could 
adversely impact future revenues, gross margins and operations.

Business Risks

Our backlog is subject to customer cancellation or modification and such cancellations could result in a decline in sales 
and increased provisions for excess and obsolete inventory.

We currently have a backlog of orders, mostly under contracts that our customers may modify or terminate. Almost all of the 
contracts in our backlog (including firm orders previously received from the U.S. government) are subject to cancellation at the 
convenience of the customer or for default in the event that we are unable to perform under the contract. 

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In  some  cases,  such  as  contracts  received  from  large  U.S.  based  telecommunication  companies,  our  backlog  is  computed  by 
multiplying  the  most  recent  month’s  contract  or  revenue  by  the  months  remaining  under  the  existing  long-term  agreements, 
which  we  consider  to  be  the  best  available  information  for  anticipating  revenue  under  those  agreements.  Also,  a  significant 
portion  of  the  backlog  from  our  U.S.  commercial  customers  relates  to  large,  multi-year  contracts  to  provide  state  and  local 
governments  (and  their  agencies)  with  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions.  Funding  of  these  contracts  is  often 
subject  to  the  approval  of  budgets  (for  example,  on  an  annual  or  bi-annual  basis).  Although  funding  for  these  multi-year 
contracts  are  dependent  on  future  budgets  being  approved,  we  include  the  full  estimated  value  of  these  large,  multi-year 
contracts in our backlog given the critical nature of the services being provided and the positive historical experience of our 
state and local government customers passing their respective budgets.

There can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue in any particular period, or at all, particularly during 
periods of economic instability. Nor can there be any assurance that any contract included in backlog will be profitable. The 
actual amount and timing of any revenue is subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The actual 
recognition  of  revenue  on  contracts  included  in  backlog  may  never  occur  or  may  change  because  a  program  schedule  could 
change; a customer may not follow up with order details (e.g., delivery instructions), fluctuations in currency exchange rates 
after an order is placed could cause our products to become too expensive for a foreign customer; a customer’s program could 
be canceled, a contract could be reduced, modified or terminated early due to changes in a customer’s priorities; funding may 
not be included in future budgets; actual indirect rates being reimbursed on U.S. government contracts may ultimately be less 
than those indirect rates included in our initial proposals; or an option that we had assumed would be exercised is not exercised. 

We  record  a  provision  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory  based  on  historical  and  projected  usage  trends  and  other  factors, 
including the consideration of the amount of backlog we have on hand at any particular point in time. If orders in our backlog 
are  canceled  or  modified,  our  estimates  of  future  product  demand  may  prove  to  be  inaccurate,  in  which  case  we  may  have 
understated  the  provision  required  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory.  In  the  future,  if  we  determine  that  our  inventory  is 
overvalued, we will be required to recognize such costs in our financial statements at the time of such determination. Any such 
charges could be materially adverse to our results of operations and financial condition.

Contract cost growth on our firm fixed-price contracts, including most of our government contracts, cost reimbursable 
type contracts and other contracts that cannot be justified as an increase in contract value due from customers exposes 
us to reduced profitability and the potential loss of future business and other risks.

A  substantial  portion  of  our  products  and  services  are  sold  under  firm  fixed-price  contracts.  Firm  fixed-price  contracts 
inherently  have  more  risk  than  flexibly  priced  contracts.  This  means  that  we  bear  the  risk  of  unanticipated  technological, 
manufacturing,  supply  or  other  problems,  price  increases  or  other  increases  in  the  cost  of  performance.  Future  events  could 
result in either upward or downward adjustments to those estimates which could negatively impact our profitability. Operating 
margin could be materially adversely affected when contract costs that cannot be billed to the customer are incurred. This cost 
growth can occur if initial estimates used for calculating the contract price were incorrect, or if estimates to complete increase. 
To a lesser extent, we provide products and services under cost reimbursable type contracts which carry the entire burden of 
costs exceeding a negotiated contract ceiling price.

The  cost  estimation  process  requires  significant  judgment  and  expertise.  Reasons  for  cost  growth  may  include  unavailability 
and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of 
materials, the effect of any delays in performance, availability and timing of funding from the customer, natural disasters, and 
the inability to recover any claims included in the estimates to complete. A significant change in an estimate on one or more 
programs could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our  business  is  highly  dependent  on  the  budgetary  decisions  of  our  government  customers,  including  the  U.S. 
government (including prime contractors to the U.S. government), and changes in the U.S. government’s fiscal policies 
or budgetary priorities may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

During our fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, sales to the U.S. government (including sales to prime contractors 
to  the  U.S.  government)  were  $132.6  million,  $201.1  million  and  $223.4  million  or  27.2%,  34.6%  and  36.2%  of  our 
consolidated  net  sales,  respectively.  In  addition,  a  large  portion  of  our  existing  backlog  consists  of  orders  related  to  U.S. 
government contracts and our Business Outlook for Fiscal 2023 and beyond depends, in part, on significant new orders from 
the U.S. government, which undergoes extreme budgetary pressures from time to time.

25

We  rely  on  particular  levels  of  U.S.  government  spending  on  our  communication  solutions,  and  our  receipt  of  future  orders 
depends in large part on continued funding by the U.S. government for the programs in which we participate. These spending 
levels are not generally correlated with any specific economic cycle, but rather follow the cycle of general public policy and 
political  support  for  this  type  of  spending.  Government  contracts  are  conditioned  upon  the  continuing  availability  of 
congressional appropriations and Congress’s failure to appropriate funds, or Congress’s actions to reduce or delay spending on, 
or reprioritize its spending away from, U.S. government programs which we participate in, could negatively affect our results of 
operations. Because many of the items we sell to the U.S. government are included in large programs realized over a period of 
several years, it is difficult, if not impossible, to determine specific amounts that are or will be appropriated for our products 
and  services.  As  such,  our  assessments  relating  to  the  impact  of  changes  in  U.S.  government  spending  may  prove  to  be 
incorrect.

The federal debt limit continues to be actively debated as plans for long-term national fiscal policy are discussed. The outcome 
of these discussions could have a significant impact on defense spending broadly and programs we support in particular. The 
failure of Congress to approve future budgets and/or increase the debt ceiling of the U.S. on a timely basis could delay or result 
in  the  loss  of  contracts  for  the  procurement  of  our  products  and  services  and  we  may  be  asked  or  required  to  continue  to 
perform for some period of time on certain of our U.S. government contracts, even if the U.S. government is unable to make 
timely payments. A decrease in Department of Defense or Department of Homeland Security expenditures, the elimination or 
curtailment of a material program in which we are involved (such as the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan or other parts 
of the world), or changes in payment patterns of our customers as a result of changes in U.S. government spending could have 
an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

It  is  possible  that  a  shutdown  of  the  U.S.  government  may  occur,  or  interim  budgets  may  be  adopted.  As  such,  we  may 
experience  delayed  orders,  delayed  payments  and  adverse  impacts  on  our  results  of  operations.  We  may  experience  related 
supply  chain  delays,  disruptions  or  other  problems  associated  with  financial  constraints  faced  by  our  suppliers  and 
subcontractors. Moreover, an outbreak of a pandemic such as the COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantines, closures and 
travel  restrictions  may  cause  temporary  or  long-term  disruptions  in  our  supply  chain  and  distribution  systems.  All  of  the 
aforementioned  conditions  and  factors  could,  in  the  aggregate,  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition. Additionally, cost cutting, efficiency initiatives, reprioritization, other affordability analyses, 
and  changes  in  budgetary  priorities  by  our  governmental  customers,  including  the  U.S.  government,  could  adversely  impact 
both  of  our  operating  segments.  We  are  unable  to  predict  the  impact  these  or  similar  events  could  have  on  our  business, 
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Our contracts with the U.S. government are subject to unique business, commercial and government audit risks.

We  depend  on  the  U.S.  government  for  a  significant  portion  of  our  revenues.  Our  contracts  with  the  U.S.  government  are 
subject to unique business and commercial risks, including:

•

•

•

•

unexpected contract or project terminations or suspensions;

unpredictable order placements, reductions, accelerations, delays or cancellations;

higher  than  expected  final  costs,  particularly  relating  to  software  and  hardware  development,  for  work  performed 
under contracts where we commit to specified deliveries for a fixed-price; and

unpredictable cash collections of unbilled receivables that may be subject to acceptance of contract deliverables by the 
customer and contract close out procedures, including government audit and approval of final indirect rates.

Although we take steps to mitigate our risk with respect to contracts with the U.S. government, we may not be able to do so in 
every instance for any of the following reasons, among others:

•

Our U.S. government contracts can easily be terminated by the U.S. government - Our U.S. government contracts can 
be  terminated  by  the  U.S.  government  for  its  convenience  or  upon  an  event  of  default  by  us.  Termination  for 
convenience provisions provide us with little to no recourse related to: our potential recovery of costs incurred or costs 
committed, potential settlement expenses and hypothetical profit on work completed prior to termination. 

26

•

Our  U.S.  government  contracts  are  subject  to  funding  by  the  U.S.  Congress  -  Our  U.S.  government  contracts  are 
conditioned upon the continuing approval by Congress of the necessary funding. Congress usually appropriates funds 
for  a  given  program  on  a  fiscal  year  basis  even  though  contract  performance  may  take  more  than  one  year. 
Consequently, at the beginning of a major program, the contract may not be fully funded, and additional monies are 
normally  committed  to  the  contract  only  if,  and  when,  appropriations  are  made  by  Congress  for  future  fiscal  years. 
Delays  or  changes  in  funding  can  impact  the  timing  of  awards  or  lead  to  changes  in  program  content.  We  obtain 
certain of our U.S. government contracts through a competitive bidding process. There can be no assurance that we 
will win additional contracts or that actual contracts that are awarded will ultimately be profitable.

• We can be disqualified as a supplier to the U.S. government - As a supplier to the U.S. government, we must comply 
with  numerous  regulations,  including  those  governing  security,  contracting  practices  and  classified  information. 
Failure to comply with these regulations and practices could result in fines being imposed against us or our suspension 
for a period of time from eligibility for bidding on, or for award of, new government contracts. If we are disqualified 
as a supplier to government agencies, we would lose most, if not all, of our U.S. government customers and revenues 
from sales of our products would decline significantly.

•

Our employees may not be able to obtain and maintain the required security clearances for the facilities in which we 
perform  sensitive  government  work  -  Certain  of  our  U.S.  government  contracts  require  our  employees  to  maintain 
various levels of security clearances, and we are required to maintain certain facility security clearances. If we cannot 
maintain or obtain the required security clearances for our facilities and our employees, or obtain these clearances in a 
timely manner, we may be unable to perform certain U.S. government contracts. Further, loss of a facility clearance, or 
an  employee’s  failure  to  obtain  or  maintain  a  security  clearance,  could  result  in  a  U.S.  government  customer 
terminating an existing contract or choosing not to renew a contract. Lack of required clearances could also impede our 
ability  to  bid  on  or  win  new  U.S.  government  contracts.  This  could  damage  our  reputation  and  adversely  affect  our 
business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, all of our U.S. government contracts can be audited by the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA") and other 
U.S. government agencies and we can be subject to penalties arising from post-award contract audits (sometimes referred to as 
a Truth in Negotiations Act or "TINA" audit) or cost audits in which the value of our contracts may be reduced. If costs are 
found  to  be  improperly  allocated  to  a  specific  contract,  those  costs  will  not  be  reimbursed,  and  any  such  costs  already 
reimbursed would be required to be refunded. TCS underwent audits by the DCAA for periods prior to Comtech’s fiscal 2016 
acquisition  of  TCS.  The  DCAA  has  informed  us  that  it  is  proposing  retroactive  contracts  adjustments  that,  if  finalized  and 
issued, would result in the need for us to provide a refund to the U.S. government of approximately $2.4 million. We disagree 
with  the  DCAA’s  assessment  and  would  vigorously  protest  any  adjustment,  but  ultimately  an  adjustment  may  be  issued. 
Although we record contract revenues based upon costs we expect to realize upon final audit, we cannot predict the outcome of 
any such future audits and adjustments, and we may be required to materially reduce our revenues or profits upon completion 
and  final  negotiation  of  audits.  Negative  audit  findings  could  also  result  in  termination  of  a  contract,  forfeiture  of  profits, 
suspension of payments, fines and suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting or subcontracting for a period of 
time.

27

Our dependence on sales to international customers exposes us to unique business, commercial and export compliance 
audit risks.

Sales  for  use  by  international  customers  (including  sales  to  U.S.  companies  for  inclusion  in  products  that  will  be  sold  to 
international customers) represented approximately 25.0%, 23.9% and 23.5% of our consolidated net sales for the fiscal years 
ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and we expect that international sales will continue to be a significant portion 
of  our  consolidated  net  sales  for  the  foreseeable  future.  These  sales  expose  us  to  certain  risks,  including  barriers  to  trade, 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (which may make our products less price-competitive), political and economic 
instability, exposure to public health epidemics, availability of suitable export financing, tariff regulations, and other U.S. and 
foreign regulations that may apply to the export of our products. Although we take steps to mitigate our risk with respect to 
international sales, we may not be able to do so in every instance for any of the following reasons, among others:

• We may not be able to continue to structure our international contracts to reduce risk - We attempt to reduce the risk of 
doing  business  in  foreign  countries  by  seeking  subcontracts  with  large  systems  suppliers,  contracts  denominated  in 
U.S. dollars, advance or milestone payments and irrevocable letters of credit in our favor. However, we may not be 
able  to  reduce  the  economic  risk  of  doing  business  in  foreign  countries  in  all  instances.  In  such  cases,  billed  and 
unbilled  receivables  relating  to  international  sales  are  subject  to  increased  collectability  risk  and  may  result  in 
significant write-offs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition. In addition, foreign defense contracts generally contain provisions relating to termination at the convenience 
of the government.

• We rely on a limited number of international sales agents - In some countries, we rely upon one or a small number of 
sales agents, exposing us to risks relating to our contracts with, and related performance of, those agents. We attempt 
to reduce our risk with respect to sales agents by establishing additional foreign sales offices where it is practical and 
by engaging, where practicable, more than one independent sales representative in a territory. It is our policy to require 
all sales agents to operate in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Violations of any of these laws, 
rules  or  regulations,  and  other  business  practices  that  are  regarded  as  unethical,  could  interrupt  the  sales  of  our 
products  and  services,  result  in  the  cancellation  of  orders  or  the  termination  of  customer  relationships,  and  could 
damage  our  reputation,  any  of  which  developments  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

• We must comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations of the U.S. and other countries - Certain of 
our products and systems may require licenses from U.S. government agencies for export from the U.S., and some of 
our  products  are  not  permitted  to  be  exported.  In  addition,  in  certain  cases,  U.S.  export  controls  also  severely  limit 
unlicensed  technical  discussions,  such  as  discussions  with  any  persons  who  are  not  U.S.  citizens  or  permanent 
residents.  As  a  result,  in  cases  where  we  may  need  a  license,  our  ability  to  compete  against  a  non-U.S.  domiciled 
foreign company that may not be subject to the same U.S. laws may be materially adversely affected. U.S. laws and 
regulations  applicable  to  us  include  the  Arms  Export  Control  Act,  the  IEEPA,  the  ITAR,  the  EAR  and  the  trade 
sanctions laws and regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department's OFAC.

• We  must  comply  with  the  FCPA  and  similar  laws  elsewhere  -  We  are  subject  to  the  FCPA  and  other  foreign  laws 
prohibiting  corrupt  payments  to  government  officials,  which  generally  bar  bribes  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign 
governments  or  officials.  Violations  of  these  laws  or  regulations  could  result  in  significant  sanctions,  including 
disgorgement  of  profits,  fines,  criminal  sanctions  against  us,  our  officers,  our  directors,  or  our  employees,  more 
onerous compliance requirements, more extensive debarments from export privileges or loss of authorizations needed 
to  conduct  aspects  of  our  international  business.  A  violation  of  any  of  the  regulations  enumerated  above  could 
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have implemented 
policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that 
our  employees,  contractors,  agents,  or  subsidiaries  will  not  violate  our  policies.  Additionally,  changes  in  regulatory 
requirements which could restrict our ability to deliver services to our international customers, including the addition 
of  a  country  to  the  list  of  sanctioned  countries  under  the  IEEPA  or  similar  legislation  could  negatively  impact  our 
business. For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we conducted no business with states designated as 
sponsors of terrorism. 

28

• We  must  maintain  a  company-wide  Office  of  Trade  Compliance  -  In  the  past,  we  have  self-reported  violations  of 
export control laws or regulations to the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls ("DDTC"), 
DoC and OFAC. In addition, we have made various commitments to U.S. government agencies that oversee trade and 
export  matters  and  have  committed  that  we  will  maintain  certain  policies  and  procedures  including  maintaining  a 
company-wide  Chief  Trade  Compliance  Officer  and  Office  of  Trade  Compliance  and  conducting  ongoing  internal 
assessment and reporting any future violations to those agencies. Even though we take precautions to avoid engaging 
in transactions that may violate U.S. export control laws or regulations, including trade sanctions, those measures may 
not be effective in every instance. If it is determined that we have violated U.S. export control laws or regulations or 
trade regulations, civil and criminal penalties could apply, and we may suffer reputational harm.

• We are subject to future export compliance audits - We continue to implement policies and procedures to ensure that 
we comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations. We may be subject to future compliance audits that 
uncover improper or illegal activities that would subject us to material remediation costs, civil and criminal fines and/
or penalties and/or an injunction. In addition, we could suffer serious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety 
were made against us. Each of these outcomes could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect 
on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The absence of comparable restrictions on competitors in 
other  countries  may  adversely  affect  our  competitive  position.  In  addition,  in  order  to  ship  our  products  into  and 
implement  our  services  in  some  countries,  the  products  must  satisfy  the  technical  requirements  of  that  particular 
country. If we were unable to comply with such requirements with respect to a significant quantity of our products, our 
sales  in  those  countries  could  be  restricted,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

• We  may  be  affected  by  the  future  imposition  of  tariffs  and  trade  restrictions  -  The  current  U.S.  administration  has 
generally  not  amended  the  trade  policies  and  tariffs  on  imported  products  from  the  prior  administration,  and  has 
increased sanctions against Russia. Our inability to effectively manage the negative impacts of U.S. and foreign trade 
policies,  including,  in  connection  with  our  business  with  customers  outside  of  the  United  States  or  with  newly 
sanctioned entities could adversely affect our business and financial results.

A  change  in  our  relationship  with  our  large  wireless  carrier  customers  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, results of operations and financial condition.

Although  we  have  a  long  history  of  providing  services  to  many  of  our  wireless  carrier  partners,  a  change  in  purchasing  or 
procurement  strategies  by  a  wireless  carrier  partner  could  result  in  the  loss  of  business  from  that  partner.  Additionally,  from 
time to time, we routinely perform services without a multi-period contract while we negotiate new and extended contract terms 
and pricing. These negotiations are complex and may take long periods of time. Even when we successfully negotiate a multi-
period  contract,  our  wireless  carrier  contracts,  such  as  the  ones  with  Verizon  which  collectively  accounted  for  11.1%  of  our 
sales in fiscal 2022, provide for terminations with notice and provide a mechanism for the wireless carrier to renegotiate lower 
fees  and/or  change  services.  Fee  pressure  from  these  carriers  is  constant  and  ongoing.  Thus,  even  when  we  obtain  a  multi-
period contract term, our revenues could be suddenly and materially reduced.

Competitors offer technology that has functionality similar to ours for free, under different business models. Competition from 
such free offerings may reduce our revenue and harm our business. If our wireless carrier partners or our competition can offer 
such technology to their subscribers or customers for free, they may elect to cease their relationships with us, alter or reduce the 
manner or extent to which they market or offer our services or require us to substantially reduce our subscription fees or pursue 
other business strategies that may not prove successful for us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results 
of operations and financial condition.

If  our  wireless  carrier  partners  change  the  pricing  and  other  terms  by  which  they  offer  our  products  to  their  end-
customers  or  do  not  continue  to  provide  our  services  at  all  or  renegotiate  lower  fees  with  us,  our  business,  results  of 
operations, and financial condition could be suddenly and materially adversely affected. 

We generate a significant portion of our revenue from customers that are wireless carriers. In addition, a portion of our revenue 
is derived from subscription fees that we receive from our wireless carrier partners for end-users who subscribe to our service 
on a standalone basis or in a bundle with other services. Future revenue will depend on the pricing and quality of those services 
and subscriber demand for those services, which may vary by market, and the level of subscriber turnover experienced by our 
wireless  carrier  partners.  If  subscriber  turnover  increases  more  than  we  anticipate,  our  financial  results  could  be  materially 
adversely affected.

29

Poor  performance  in  or  disruptions  of  the  services  included  in  our  advanced  communication  solutions  could  harm  our 
reputation, delay market acceptance of our services and subject us to liabilities (including breach of contract claims brought by 
our  customers  and  third-party  damages  claims  brought  by  end-users).  Our  wireless  carrier  agreements  and  certain  customers 
require us to meet specific requirements including operational uptime requirements or be subject to penalties.

If we are unable to meet contractual requirements with our wireless carrier partners, they could terminate our agreements or we 
may be required to refund a portion of monthly subscriptions fees they have paid us.

Strategic Growth Risks

We face a number of risks relating to the expected long-term growth of our business. Our business and operating results 
may be negatively impacted if we are unable to manage this growth.

Our business is uniquely subject to certain risks related to its long term growth. These risks include:

•

The  loss  of  key  technical  and/or  management  personnel  could  adversely  affect  our  business  -  Our  future  success 
depends on the continued contributions of key technical and management personnel. The management skills that have 
been appropriate for us in the past may not continue to be appropriate if we grow and diversify. Filling new positions 
may  be  difficult  in  the  current  competitive  labor  market.  Moreover,  many  of  our  key  and  technical  management 
personnel  would  be  difficult  to  replace  and  are  not  subject  to  employment  or  non-competition  agreements.  We 
currently  have  research  and  development  employees  in  areas  that  are  located  a  great  distance  away  from  our  U.S. 
headquarters  and  some  work  out  of  their  respective  homes.  Managing  remote  product  development  operations  is 
difficult and we may not be able to manage the employees in these remote centers successfully. Our expected growth 
and future success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified engineering, sales 
and  marketing  personnel.  Competition  for  such  personnel  from  other  companies,  academic  institutions,  government 
entities and other organizations is intense. Although we believe that we have been successful to date in recruiting and 
retaining key personnel, we may not be successful in attracting and retaining the personnel we will need to grow and 
operate profitably, especially in the current competitive labor market.

• We may not be able to improve our processes and systems to keep pace with anticipated growth - The future growth of 
our  business  may  place  significant  demands  on  our  managerial,  operational,  production  and  financial  resources.  In 
order to manage that growth, we must be prepared to improve and expand our management, operational and financial 
systems and controls, as well as our production capabilities. We also need to continue to recruit and retain personnel 
and  train  and  manage  our  employee  base.  We  must  carefully  manage  research  and  development  capabilities  and 
production  and  inventory  levels  to  meet  product  demand,  new  product  introductions  and  product  and  technology 
transitions. Our planned moves to new high volume manufacturing facility in Chandler, Arizona may be delayed and 
subject to unforeseen costs (both capital and operational), which could impede our ability to complete customer orders 
and thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we are not 
able  to  timely  and  effectively  manage  our  growth  and  maintain  the  quality  standards  required  by  our  existing  and 
potential customers, it could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

•

Our markets are highly competitive and there can be no assurance that we can continue to compete effectively - The 
markets for our products are highly competitive. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to compete 
successfully on price or other terms, or that our competitors will not develop new technologies and products that are 
more  effective  than  our  own.  We  expect  the  Department  of  Defense’s  increased  use  of  commercial  off-the-shelf 
products and components in military equipment will encourage new competitors to enter the market. Also, although 
the implementation of advanced telecommunications services is in its early stages in many developing countries, we 
believe competition will continue to intensify as businesses and foreign governments realize the market potential of 
telecommunications  services.  Many  of  our  competitors  have  financial,  technical,  marketing,  sales  and  distribution 
resources greater than ours. Recently, we have seen increased requests for proposals from large wireless carriers for 
sole-source solutions and have responded to several such requests. In order to induce retention of existing customer 
contracts and obtain business on a sole-source basis, we may ultimately agree to adjust pricing on a retroactive basis. If 
our sole-source proposals are rejected in favor of a competitor’s proposal, it could result in the termination of existing 
contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

30

• We  may  not  be  able  to  obtain  sufficient  components  to  meet  expected  demand  -  Our  dependence  on  component 
availability,  government  furnished  equipment,  subcontractors  and  key  suppliers,  including  the  core  manufacturing 
expertise  of  our  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona  exposes  us  to  risk.  Although  we 
obtain certain components and subsystems from a single source or a limited number of sources, we believe that most 
components and subsystems are available from alternative suppliers and subcontractors. During the past three years, 
partly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result of overall increased industry-wide demand, lead times for 
many components have increased as well as freight costs. In addition, threats of or actual tariffs could limit our ability 
to obtain certain parts on a cost-effective basis, or at all. A significant interruption in the delivery of such items could 
have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Similarly,  if  our  high-volume 
technology  manufacturing  center  located  in  Arizona  is  unable  to  produce  sufficient  product  or  maintain  quality,  it 
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

•

Our ability to maintain affordable credit insurance may become more difficult - In the normal course of our business, 
we purchase credit insurance to mitigate some of our domestic and international credit risk. Although credit insurance 
remains  generally  available,  upon  renewal,  it  may  become  more  expensive  to  obtain  or  may  not  be  available  for 
existing or new customers in certain international markets and it might require higher deductibles than in the past. If 
we acquire a company with a different customer base, we may not be able to obtain credit insurance for those sales. As 
such, there can be no assurance that, in the future, we will be able to obtain credit insurance on a basis consistent with 
our past practices.

Loss  of  our  executive  officers  or  other  key  personnel  or  other  changes  to  our  management  team  could  disrupt  our 
operations and growth plans or harm our business.

We depend on the efforts of our executive officers and certain key personnel. Any unplanned turnover or our failure to develop 
an  adequate  succession  plan  or  business  continuity  plan  for  one  or  more  of  our  executive  officers,  including  our  Chief 
Executive Officer (“CEO”), or other key positions could deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitive 
advantage. The loss or limited availability of the services of one or more of our executive officers or other key personnel, or our 
inability to recruit and retain qualified executive officers or other key personnel in the future, could, at least temporarily, have 
an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. Leadership transitions can be inherently difficult to manage, 
and  an  inadequate  transition  may  cause  disruption  to  our  business  an  growth  plans,  including  to  our  relationships  with  our 
customers and employees.

We have incurred indebtedness under a Credit Facility, and may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, 
and may not be able to service that debt in the future and we must maintain compliance with various covenants that 
impose restrictions on our business.

On October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a syndicate 
of lenders, replacing our prior Credit Agreement dated as of February 23, 2016. The Credit Facility provides a senior secured 
loan facility of up to $550.0 million consisting of: (i) a revolving loan facility with a borrowing limit of $300.0 million; (ii) an 
accordion feature allowing us to borrow up to an additional $250.0 million; (iii) a $35.0 million letter of credit sublimit; and 
(iv) a swingline loan credit sublimit of $25.0 million. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by substantially all 
of our tangible and intangible assets. 

As of July 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $130.0 million, which is reflected in the non-current 
portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of July 31, 2022, we also had $0.6 million of standby letters 
of credit outstanding under our Credit Facility related to guarantees of future performance on certain customer contracts.

The  Credit  Facility  matures  on  October  31,  2023.  If  we  do  not  have  sufficient  funds  to  repay  our  debt  when  due,  it  may  be 
necessary  to  refinance  our  debt  through  additional  debt  or  equity  financings.  If,  at  the  time  of  any  refinancing,  prevailing 
interest  rates  or  other  factors  result  in  higher  interest  rates  on  such  refinancing,  increases  in  interest  expense  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our  Credit  Facility  contains  various  affirmative  and  negative  covenants  that  may  restrict  our  ability  to,  among  other  things, 
permit liens on our property, change the nature of our business, transact business with affiliates and/or merge or consolidate 
with any other person or sell or convey certain of our assets to any one person.

We anticipate maintaining compliance with the terms and financial covenants in our Credit Facility for the foreseeable future, 
however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet these covenants.

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Further,  our  ability  to  comply  with  covenants,  terms  of  and  conditions  our  facility  may  be  affected  by  events  beyond  our 
control. Failure to comply with covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could accelerate our 
repayment  obligations.  Our  substantial  debt  obligations  could  impede,  restrict  or  delay  the  implementation  of  our  business 
strategy or prevent us from entering into transactions that would otherwise benefit our business. For example:

•

•

•

•

•

•

we  may  be  required  to  dedicate  a  substantial  portion  of  our  cash  flows  from  operations  to  payments  on  our 
indebtedness,  thereby  reducing  the  availability  of  our  cash  flows  for  other  purposes,  including  but  not  limited  to 
business development efforts, capital expenditures, dividends or strategic acquisitions;

if we are not able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our substantial debt service obligations or to fund our other 
liquidity needs, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or raising additional equity or reducing or delaying 
capital  expenditures,  strategic  acquisitions,  investments  and  joint  ventures,  restructuring  our  debt  and  other  capital-
intensive activities;

we may not be able to fund future working capital, capital investments and other business activities;

we may not be able to pay dividends or make certain other distributions;

we may become more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in our business or a worsening of general economic or 
industry-specific conditions; and

our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry may be limited, thereby placing us 
at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

Moreover,  we  may  incur  substantial  additional  indebtedness  in  the  future  to  fund  acquisitions  or  to  fund  other  activities  for 
general business purposes. If additional new debt is added to the current or planned debt levels, the related risks that we now 
face could intensify. A substantial increase in our indebtedness could also have a negative impact on our credit ratings. In this 
regard, failure to maintain our credit ratings could adversely affect the interest rate available to us in future financings, as well 
as our liquidity, competitive position and access to capital markets. Any decision regarding future borrowings will be based on 
the facts and circumstances existing at the time, including market conditions and our credit ratings. 

The holders of our Series A Preferred Convertible Stock have a majority vote consent right over our ability to amend, restate, or 
replace the Credit Agreement on terms that are materially different to those of the Credit Agreement or that adversely affect the 
Company’s ability to fulfill its repurchase obligations of the Series A Preferred Convertible Stock. If we need to amend, restate 
or replace the Credit Agreement on materially different terms or terms adverse to the interests of the holders of our Series A 
Preferred  Convertible  Stock,  and  we  are  unable  to  obtain  the  consent  of  such  holders,  we  may  be  unable  to  obtain  required 
financing or liquidity on favorable terms, or at all.

Acquisitions  of  companies  and  investments  could  prove  difficult  to  integrate,  disrupt  our  business,  dilute  stockholder 
value or adversely affect operating results or the market price of our common stock.

We expect to continue to evaluate other acquisitions and investments as part of our growth plans. Such efforts may not result in 
an acquisition or ultimately be beneficial to us.

Future acquisitions or investments may result in the use of significant amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity 
securities,  incurrence  of  large  amounts  of  debt,  increases  to  amortization  expense  and  future  write-offs  of  the  acquired 
intangibles. Acquisitions and investments involve risks that include failing to:

•

•

•

•

•

properly evaluate the technology;

accurately forecast the financial impact of the transaction, including accounting charges and transaction expenses;

integrate  the  technologies,  products  and  services,  research  and  development,  sales  and  marketing,  support  and  other 
operations;

integrate and retain key management personnel and other key employees;

retain and cross-sell to acquired customers; and

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•

combine potentially different corporate cultures.

Acquisitions and investments could also:

•

•

•

divert management’s attention away from the operation of our businesses;

result  in  significant  goodwill  and  intangibles  write-offs  in  the  event  an  acquisition  or  investment  does  not  meet 
expectations; and

increase expenses, including expenses of managing the growth of such acquired businesses.

There can be no assurance that any future acquisition or investment will be successful within the anticipated time frame, or at 
all, will be as valuable as the amount we pay to acquire it, and will not adversely affect our business, results of operations or 
financial condition. In addition, if we consummate future acquisitions using our equity securities or securities convertible into 
our equity securities, existing stockholders may be diluted, which could have a material adverse effect on the market price of 
our common stock.

Foreign  acquisitions  and  investments  are  regularly  subject  to  scrutiny  by  the  U.S.  government  and  its  agencies,  such  as  the 
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) and the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency 
(“DCSA”)  and  our  role  as  a  U.S.  federal  contractor  escalates  such  scrutiny,  in  particular,  with  respect  to  compliance  with 
industrial  security  requirements.  Failure  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  U.S.  government  could  result  in  fines  being 
imposed against us or our suspension for a period of time of authority to operate under certain government programs or from 
eligibility  for  bidding  on,  or  for  award  of,  new  government  contracts,  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our 
business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our  investments  in  recorded  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets  could  be  impaired  as  a  result  of  future  business 
conditions, a deterioration of the global economy or if we change our reporting unit structure.

As  of  July  31,  2022,  goodwill  recorded  on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  aggregated  $347.7  million.  Additionally,  as  of 
July 31, 2022, net intangibles recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet aggregated $247.3 million.

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, our Satellite and Space 
Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments each constitute a reporting unit and we must make various 
assumptions  in  determining  their  estimated  fair  values.  Reporting  units  are  defined  by  how  our  Chief  Executive  Officer 
("CEO") manages the business, which includes resource allocation decisions. We may, in the future, change our management 
approach which in turn may change the way we define our reporting units, as such term is defined by Financial Accounting 
Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other." A change to 
our  management  approach  may  require  us  to  perform  an  interim  goodwill  impairment  test  and  possibly  record  impairment 
charges in a future period.

In accordance with FASB ASC 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other," we perform a goodwill impairment analysis at least 
annually  (in  the  first  quarter  of  each  fiscal  year),  unless  indicators  of  impairment  exist  in  interim  periods.  If  we  fail  the 
quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment ("quantitative assessment"), we would be required to recognize an impairment 
loss equal to the amount that a reporting unit's carrying value exceeded its fair value; however, any loss recognized should not 
exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

As a result of our segment restructuring in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 from the Commercial Solutions and Government 
Solutions segments to the Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments, we performed 
an interim, quantitative assessment as of July 29, 2022 and estimated the fair value of each of our reporting units, both before 
and  after  the  change,  using  a  combination  of  the  income  and  market  approaches.  Based  on  our  quantitative  evaluations,  we 
determined that our Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks reporting units had estimated 
fair values in excess of their carrying values of at least 18.4% and 11.6%, respectively, and concluded that our goodwill was not 
impaired and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of failing the quantitative assessment. Given its proximity to our 
next  regularly  scheduled  annual  goodwill  impairment  testing  date,  we  utilized  our  July  29,  2022  interim,  quantitative 
assessment to conclude that our goodwill was not impaired and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of failing the 
quantitative assessment as of August 1, 2022.

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It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2023  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could  deteriorate 
from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo purchases of our 
products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price  could  fluctuate.  Such 
fluctuation could be caused by uncertainty about the severity and length of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on global 
business activity.

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may also have a 
negative effect on future orders, sales, income and cash flows and we might be required to perform a quantitative assessment 
during fiscal 2023 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved in future periods or our common 
stock  price  significantly  declines  from  current  levels,  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless 
Networks  reporting  units  could  be  at  risk  of  failing  the  quantitative  assessment  and  goodwill  and  intangibles  assigned  to  the 
respective reporting units could be impaired. 

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2023 (the start of our fiscal 
2024). If our assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if we change our reporting unit structure or other events 
and circumstances change (e.g., a sustained decrease in the price of our common stock (considered on both absolute terms and 
relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we perform these tests, or in other future periods. In 
addition  to  our  impairment  analysis  of  goodwill,  we  also  review  net  intangibles  with  finite  lives  when  an  event  occurs 
indicating  the  potential  for  impairment.  We  believe  that  the  carrying  values  of  our  net  intangibles  were  recoverable  as  of 
July  31,  2022.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be  material  to  our  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition.

Cybersecurity Risks

We  could  be  negatively  impacted  by  a  system  failure,  lack  of  or  failure  of  redundant  system  components,  security 
breach through cyber-attack, cyber intrusion or otherwise, by other significant disruption of our IT networks or those 
we operate for certain customers, or third-party data center facilities, servers and related systems. If any such events 
occur, we may have to reimburse our customers for damages that they may have incurred, pay contract penalties, or 
provide refunds. 

Similar  to  all  companies  in  our  industry,  we  are  under  constant  cyber-attack  and  are  subject  to  an  ongoing  risk  of  security 
breaches and disruptions of our IT networks and related systems, including third-party data center facilities, whether through 
actual  breaches,  cyber-attacks  (including  ransomware)  or  cyber  intrusions  via  the  Internet,  malware,  computer  viruses, 
attachments  to  e-mails,  persons  inside  our  organization  or  persons  with  access  to  systems  inside  our  organization.  Actual 
security  breaches  or  disruption,  particularly  through  cyber-attack  or  cyber  intrusion,  including  by  computer  hackers,  foreign 
governments  and  cyber  terrorists,  have  increased  in  recent  years  and  have  become  more  complex.  Our  IT  networks  and 
systems, as well as third-party data center facilities, have been and, we believe will continue to be under constant attack. We 
face  an  added  risk  of  a  security  breach  or  other  significant  disruption  to  certain  of  our  equipment  used  on  some  of  our 
customers' IT networks and related systems which may involve managing and protecting information relating to public safety 
agencies, wireless carriers as well as national security and other sensitive government functions. Many of our systems have, or 
are  required  to  have,  system  redundancies  and  back-up;  in  some  cases,  we  may  not  have  sufficient  redundancy  and/or 
redundancy  and/or  back-ups  may  fail.  We  may  incur  significant  costs  to  prevent  and  respond  to  system  failures,  failure  of 
redundant system components, actual breaches, cyber-attacks and other systems disruptions.

As  a  communications  company,  and  particularly  as  a  government  contractor  and  a  provider  of  public  safety  and  location 
technologies (including 911 hosted systems), we face a heightened risk of a security breach or disruption from actual breaches, 
cyber-attacks and other threats to gain unauthorized access to our and our customers' proprietary or classified information on 
our  IT  networks,  third-party  data  center  facilities  and  related  systems  and  to  certain  of  our  equipment  used  on  some  of  our 
customers'  IT  networks  and  related  systems.  These  types  of  information,  IT  networks  and  related  systems  are  critical  to  the 
operation of our business and essential to our ability to perform day-to-day operations, and, in some cases, are critical to the 
operations of certain of our customers. There can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that 
actual security breaches or disruptions will not be successful or damaging. Techniques used in such breaches and cyber-attacks 
are constantly evolving and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to 
be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. In some cases, the resources of foreign governments may be behind such attacks. 
Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative 
measures, and thus it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

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A  security  breach  or  other  significant  disruption  (including  as  a  result  of  a  lack  of  redundancy  and/or  failure  of  such 
redundancy) involving these types of information, IT networks and related systems could:

•

•

•

•

•

•

Disrupt the proper functionality of these networks, data center facilities and systems and therefore our operations and/
or those of certain of our customers; 

Result  in  the  unauthorized  access  to,  and  destruction,  loss,  theft,  misappropriation  or  release  of  proprietary, 
confidential,  sensitive  or  otherwise  valuable  information  of  ours  or  our  customers,  including  trade  secrets,  which 
others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; 

Compromise national security and other sensitive government functions; 

Require significant management attention and resources to remedy the damage that results; 

Require us to make payments to our customers to reimburse them for damages, pay them penalties or provide refunds; 
and

Damage our reputation with our customers (particularly agencies of the U.S. government) and the public generally.

In addition, the cost of continually defending against cyber-attacks and actual breaches has increased in recent years and future 
costs and any or all of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

The  measures  we  have  implemented  to  secure  information  we  collect  and  store  or  enable  access  to  may  be  breached, 
which could cause us to breach agreements with our partners and expose us to potential investigation and penalties by 
authorities  and  potential  claims  for  contract  breach,  product  liability  damages,  credits,  penalties  or  termination  by 
persons whose information was disclosed.

We  take  reasonable  steps  to  protect  the  security,  integrity  and  confidentiality  of  the  information  we  collect  and  store  and  to 
prevent unauthorized access to third-party data to which we enable access through our products, but there is no guarantee that 
inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access despite our efforts. If 
such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, we may be required to notify persons whose information was disclosed or 
accessed  under  existing  and  proposed  laws.  Because  the  techniques  used  to  obtain  unauthorized  access,  disable  or  degrade 
service, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable 
to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. In the event of such disclosure, we also may be 
subject  to  claims  of  breach  of  contract,  investigation  and  penalties  by  regulatory  authorities  and  potential  claims  by  persons 
whose information was disclosed. If there is a security breach or if there is an inappropriate disclosure of any of these types of 
information,  we  could  be  exposed  to  investigations,  litigation,  fines  and  penalties.  Remediation  of  and  liability  for  loss  or 
misappropriation of end user or employee personal information could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of 
operations and financial condition. Even if we were not held liable for such event, a security breach or inappropriate disclosure 
of  personal,  private  or  confidential  information  could  harm  our  reputation  and  our  relationships  with  current  and  potential 
customers and end users. Even the perception of a security risk could inhibit market acceptance of our products and services. 
We may be required to invest additional resources to protect against damage caused by any actual or perceived disruptions of 
our services. We may also be required to provide information about the location of an end user’s mobile device to government 
authorities,  which  could  result  in  public  perception  that  we  are  providing  the  government  with  intelligence  information  and 
deter some end users from using our services. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

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Legal, Regulatory and Litigation Risks

Changes in U.S. federal, state and foreign tax law could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The  laws,  rules,  and  regulations  dealing  with  U.S.  federal,  state,  and  local  income  taxation  are  constantly  under  review  by 
persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to 
tax  laws  (which  changes  may  have  immediate  and/or  retroactive  application)  could  adversely  affect  us  or  holders  of  our 
common  stock.  In  recent  years,  many  changes  have  been  made  to  applicable  tax  laws  and  changes  are  likely  to  continue  to 
occur  in  the  future.  It  cannot  be  predicted  whether,  when,  in  what  form,  or  with  what  effective  dates,  new  tax  laws  may  be 
enacted, or regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or issued under existing or new tax laws, which could result in 
an  increase  in  our  tax  liability  or  require  changes  in  the  manner  in  which  we  operate  in  order  to  minimize  or  mitigate  any 
adverse effects of changes in tax law or in the interpretation thereof.

Our U.S. federal, state and foreign tax returns are subject to audit and a resulting tax assessment or settlement could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Significant  judgment  is 
required in determining the provision for income taxes.

The  final  determination  of  tax  examinations  and  any  related  litigation  could  be  materially  different  than  what  is  reflected  in 
historical income tax provisions and accruals. 

Our  U.S.  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2019  through  2021  are  subject  to  potential  future  Internal  Revenue  Service 
("IRS") audit. None of our state income tax returns prior to fiscal 2018 are subject to audit. In addition to income tax audits, 
TCS  is  subject  to  ongoing  state  excise  tax  audits  by  the  Washington  State  Department  of  Revenue.  Although  adjustments 
relating  to  past  audits  of  our  federal  income  tax  returns  were  immaterial,  a  tax  assessment  or  settlement  for  other  periods  or 
other  jurisdictions  that  may  be  selected  for  future  audit  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  consolidated 
results of operations and financial condition.

We may be subject to environmental liabilities.

We engage in manufacturing and are subject to a variety of local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to the storage, 
discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture and disposal of toxic or other hazardous substances used to manufacture 
our products. We are also subject to the Restriction of Hazardous Substance ("RoHS") directive which restricts the use of lead, 
mercury and other substances in electrical and electronic products. The failure to comply with current or future environmental 
requirements  could  result  in  the  imposition  of  substantial  fines,  suspension  of  production,  alteration  of  our  manufacturing 
processes, cessation of operations or reputational damage that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of 
operations  and  financial  condition.  In  addition,  the  handling,  treatment  or  disposal  of  hazardous  substances  by  us  or  our 
predecessors may have resulted, or could in the future result, in contamination requiring investigation or remediation, or lead to 
other liabilities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The success of our business is dependent on compliance with FCC rules and regulations and similar foreign laws and 
regulations.

Many of our products are incorporated into wireless communications systems that must comply with various U.S. government 
regulations, including those of the FCC, as well as similar international laws and regulations. As a result, our business faces 
increased risks including the following:

• We  must  obtain  various  licenses  from  the  FCC  -  We  operate  FCC  licensed  teleports  that  are  subject  to  the 
Communications  Act  of  1934,  as  amended,  or  the  FCC  Act,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  FCC.  We  cannot 
guarantee that the FCC will grant renewals when our existing licenses expire, nor are we assured that the FCC will not 
adopt  new  or  modified  technical  requirements  that  will  require  us  to  incur  expenditures  to  modify  or  upgrade  our 
equipment  as  a  condition  of  retaining  our  licenses.  We  may,  in  the  future,  be  required  to  seek  FCC  or  other 
government approval if foreign ownership of our stock exceeds certain specified criteria. Failure to comply with these 
policies  could  result  in  an  order  to  divest  the  offending  foreign  ownership,  fines,  denial  of  license  renewal  and/or 
license  revocation  proceedings  against  the  licensee  by  the  FCC,  or  denial  of  certain  contracts  from  other  U.S. 
government agencies.

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• We are dependent on the allocation and availability of frequency spectrum - Adverse regulatory changes related to the 
allocation  and  availability  of  frequency  spectrum  and  in  the  military  standards  and  specifications  that  define  the 
current satellite networking environment, could materially harm our business by: (i) restricting development efforts by 
us and our customers, (ii) making our current products less attractive or obsolete, or (iii) increasing the opportunity for 
additional competition. The increasing demand for wireless communications has exerted pressure on regulatory bodies 
worldwide  to  adopt  new  standards  and  reassign  bandwidth  for  these  products  and  services.  The  reduced  number  of 
available frequencies for other products and services and the time delays inherent in the government approval process 
of new products and services have caused, and may continue to cause, our customers to cancel, postpone or reschedule 
their installation of communications systems including their satellite, over-the-horizon microwave, or terrestrial line-
of-sight  microwave  communication  systems.  This,  in  turn,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  sales  of 
products to our customers. Changes in, or our failure to comply with, applicable laws and regulations could materially 
adversely harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

•

•

Our  future  growth  is  dependent,  in  part,  on  developing  NG-911  compliant  products  -  The  FCC  requires  that  certain 
location information be provided to network operators for public safety answering points when a subscriber makes a 
911 call. Technical failures, greater regulation by federal, state or foreign governments or regulatory authorities, time 
delays or the significant costs associated with developing or installing improved location technology could slow down 
or  stop  the  deployment  of  our  mobile  location  products.  If  deployment  of  improved  location  technology  is  delayed, 
stopped  or  never  occurs,  market  acceptance  of  our  products  and  services  may  be  materially  adversely  affected. 
Because  we  rely  on  some  third-party  location  technology  instead  of  developing  all  of  the  technology  ourselves,  we 
have little or no influence over its improvement. The technology employed with NG-911 services generally anticipates 
a  migration  to  internet-protocol  ("IP")  based  communication.  Since  many  companies  are  proficient  in  IP-based 
communication  protocols,  the  barriers  to  entry  to  providing  NG-911  products  and  services  are  lower  than  for 
traditional  switch-based  protocols.  If  we  are  unable  to  develop  unique  and  proprietary  solutions  that  are  superior  to 
and/or  more  cost  effective  than  other  market  offers,  our  911  business  could  get  replaced  by  new  market  entrants, 
resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Under the FCC’s mandate, our 911 business is dependent on state and local governments - Under the FCC’s mandate, 
wireless carriers are required to provide 911 services only if state and local governments request the service. As part of 
a state or local government’s decision to request 911, they have the authority to develop cost recovery mechanisms. 
However, cost recovery is no longer a condition to wireless carriers’ obligation to deploy the service. If state and local 
governments do not widely request that 911 services be provided or we become subject to significant pressures from 
wireless carriers with respect to pricing of 911 services, our 911 business would be harmed and future growth of our 
business would be reduced.

Regulation  of  the  mobile  communications  industry  and  VoIP  is  evolving,  and  unfavorable  changes  or  our  failure  to 
comply with existing and potential new legislation or regulations could harm our business and operating results.

As  the  mobile  communications  industry  continues  to  evolve,  we  believe  greater  regulation  by  federal,  state  or  foreign 
governments or regulatory authorities is likely and we face certain risks including:

• We must adhere to existing and potentially new privacy rules - We believe increased regulation is likely in the area of 
data  privacy,  and  laws  and  regulations  applying  to  the  solicitation,  collection,  processing  or  use  of  personal  or 
consumer  information  could  affect  our  customers’  ability  to  use  and  share  data,  potentially  reducing  our  ability  to 
utilize this information in the resale of certain of our products. In order for mobile location products and services to 
function properly, wireless carriers must locate their subscribers and store information on each subscriber’s location. 
Although data regarding the location of the wireless user resides only on the wireless carrier’s systems, users may not 
feel comfortable with the idea that the wireless carrier knows and can track their location. Carriers will need to obtain 
subscribers’  permission  to  gather  and  use  the  subscribers’  personal  information,  or  they  may  not  be  able  to  provide 
customized  mobile  location  services  which  those  subscribers  might  otherwise  desire.  If  subscribers  view  mobile 
location services as an annoyance or a threat to their privacy, that could reduce demand for our products and services 
and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Over  the  past  several  years,  there  have  been  a  number  of  laws  and  regulations  enacted  that  affect  companies 
conducting  business  on  the  Internet,  including  the  European  General  Data  Protection  Regulation  ("GDPR").  The 
GDPR imposes certain privacy related requirements on companies that receive or process personal data of residents of 
the  European  Union  that  are  currently  different  than  those  in  the  United  States  and  include  significant  penalties  for 
non-compliance.  Similarly,  there  are  a  number  of  legislative  proposals  in  the  United  States,  at  both  the  federal  and 
state  level,  that  could  impose  new  obligations  in  areas  affecting  our  business,  such  as  liability  for  personal  data 
protection.  In  addition,  some  countries  are  considering  or  have  passed  legislation  implementing  data  protection 
requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and 
complexity  of  delivering  our  services.  Our  costs  to  comply  with  the  GDPR  as  well  any  other  similar  laws  and 
regulations that emerge may negatively impact our business.

• We  may  face  increased  compliance  costs  in  connection  with  health  and  safety  requirements  for  mobile  devices  -  If 
wireless handsets pose health and safety risks, we may be subject to new regulations and demand for our products and 
services  may  decrease.  Media  reports  have  suggested  that  certain  radio  frequency  emissions  from  wireless  handsets 
may be linked to various health concerns, including cancer, and may interfere with various electronic medical devices, 
including hearing aids and pacemakers. Concerns over radio frequency emissions may have the effect of discouraging 
the  use  of  wireless  handsets,  which  would  decrease  demand  for  our  services.  In  recent  years,  the  FCC  and  foreign 
regulatory agencies have updated the guidelines and methods they use for evaluating radio frequency emissions from 
radio  equipment,  including  wireless  handsets.  In  addition,  interest  groups  have  requested  that  the  FCC  investigate 
claims  that  wireless  technologies  pose  health  concerns  and  cause  interference  with  airbags,  hearing  aids  and  other 
medical devices. There also are some safety risks associated with the use of wireless handsets while driving. Concerns 
over these safety risks and the effect of any legislation that may be adopted in response to these risks could limit our 
ability to market and sell our products and services, which could negatively impact our business, consolidated results 
of operations and financial condition.

•

The  regulatory  environment  for  VoIP  services  is  developing  -  The  FCC  has  determined  that  VoIP  services  are  not 
subject  to  the  same  regulatory  scheme  as  traditional  wireline  and  wireless  telephone  services.  If  the  regulatory 
environment  for  VoIP  services  evolves  in  a  manner  other  than  the  way  we  anticipate,  our  911  business  would  be 
significantly  harmed  and  future  growth  of  our  business  would  be  significantly  reduced.  For  example,  the  regulatory 
scheme for wireless and wireline service providers requires those carriers to allow service providers such as us to have 
access to certain databases that make the delivery of a 911 call possible. No such requirements exist for VoIP service 
providers,  so  carriers  could  prevent  us  from  continuing  to  provide  VoIP  911  service  by  denying  us  access  to  the 
required databases.

Ongoing compliance with the provisions of securities laws, related regulations and financial reporting standards could 
unexpectedly materially increase our costs and compliance related expenses.

Because we are a publicly traded company, we are required to comply with provisions of securities laws, related regulations and 
financial  reporting  standards.  Because  securities  laws,  related  regulations  and  financial  reporting  standards  pertaining  to  our 
business are relatively complex, our business faces increased risks including the following:

•

If we identify a material weakness in the future, our costs may unexpectedly increase - Pursuant to Section 404 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related SEC rules, we are required to furnish a report of management’s assessment of 
the effectiveness of our internal controls as part of our Form 10-K. Our independent registered public accountants are 
required to attest to and provide a separate opinion. To issue our report, we document our internal control design and 
the testing processes that support our evaluation and conclusion, and then we test and evaluate the results. There can be 
no assurance, however, that we will be able to remediate material weaknesses, if any, that may be identified in future 
periods, or maintain all of the controls necessary for continued compliance. There likewise can be no assurance that we 
will be able to retain sufficient skilled finance and accounting personnel, especially in light of the increased demand 
for such personnel among publicly traded companies. 

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•

Stock-based compensation accounting standards could negatively impact our stock - Since our inception, we have used 
stock-based  awards  as  a  fundamental  component  of  our  employee  compensation  packages.  We  believe  that  stock-
based awards directly motivate our employees to maximize long-term stockholder value and, through the use of long-
term vesting, encourage employees to remain with us. We apply the provisions of ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock 
Compensation," which requires us to record compensation expense in our statement of operations for employee and 
director stock-based awards using a fair value method. In the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 
2016-09 which modified certain aspects of ASC 718, including the requirement to recognize excess tax benefits and 
shortfalls  in  the  income  statement.  The  ongoing  application  of  this  standard  will  have  a  significant  effect  on  our 
reported earnings, and could adversely impact our ability to provide accurate guidance on our future reported financial 
results  due  to  the  variability  of  the  factors  used  to  estimate  the  value  of  stock-based  awards  (including  long-term 
performance shares which are subject to the achievement of three-year goals which are based on several performance 
metrics). The ongoing application of this standard could impact the future value of our common stock and may result 
in greater stock price volatility. To the extent that this accounting standard makes it less attractive to grant stock-based 
awards to employees, we may incur increased compensation costs, change our equity compensation strategy or find it 
difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
results of operations and financial condition.

Also, as further discussed in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (1) - Summary of Significant Accounting and 
Reporting Policies" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K, 
the accounting rules and regulations that we must comply with are complex and are continually changing in ways that could 
materially  impact  our  financial  statements.  We  must  comply  with  these  new  rules  on  a  go-forward  basis.  Because  of  the 
uncertainties of the estimates, judgments and assumptions associated with new accounting standards, as well as with any future 
guidance or interpretations related to them, we may incur additional costs and cannot provide any assurances that we will be 
able to comply with such complex rules.

Our  costs  to  comply  with  the  aforementioned  and  other  regulations  continue  to  increase  and  we  may  have  to  add  additional 
accounting staff, engage consultants or change our internal practices, standards and policies which could significantly increase 
our  costs  to  comply  with  ongoing  or  future  requirements.  In  addition,  the  Nasdaq  Stock  Market  LLC  ("Nasdaq")  routinely 
changes  its  requirements  for  companies,  such  as  us,  that  are  listed  on  Nasdaq.  These  changes  (and  potential  future  changes) 
have  increased  and  may  increase  our  legal  and  financial  compliance  costs,  including  making  it  more  difficult  and  more 
expensive  for  us  to  obtain  director  and  officer  liability  insurance  or  maintain  our  current  liability  coverage.  We  believe  that 
these new and proposed laws and regulations could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our 
Board of Directors, particularly to serve on our Audit Committee, and qualified executive officers.

Indemnification  provisions  in  our  contracts  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we include indemnification provisions in certain of our customer contracts. Pursuant to these 
agreements, we have agreed to indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by 
the  indemnified  party,  including  but  not  limited  to  losses  related  to  third-party  intellectual  property  claims.  Some  customers 
seek indemnification under their contractual arrangements with us for claims and other costs associated with defending lawsuits 
alleging  infringement  of  patents  through  their  use  of  our  products  and  services,  and  the  use  of  our  products  and  services  in 
combination with products and services of other vendors. 

In some cases, we have agreed to assume the defense of the case. In others, we will negotiate with these customers in good faith 
because we believe our technology does not infringe the cited patents or due to specific clauses within the customer contractual 
arrangements  that  may  or  may  not  give  rise  to  an  indemnification  obligation.  It  is  not  possible  to  determine  the  maximum 
potential amount we may spend under these agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular 
agreement.

Our  assessments  related  to  indemnification  provisions  are  based  on  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  been  deemed 
reasonable by management, but that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may 
occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions. Therefore, it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of 
one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements in a future period.

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We  are,  from  time  to  time,  and  could  become  a  party  to  additional  litigation  or  subject  to  claims,  including  product 
liability  claims,  employee  claims,  government  investigations  and  other  proceedings  that  could  cause  us  to  incur 
unanticipated expenses and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial 
condition.

We are, from time to time, involved in commercial disputes and civil litigation relating to our businesses.

Our  agreements  with  customers  may  require  us  to  indemnify  such  customers.  Direct  claims  against  us  or  claims  against  our 
customers may relate to defects in or non-conformance of our products, or our own acts of negligence and non-performance. 
Occasionally,  we  are  called  upon  also  to  provide  information  in  connection  with  litigation  involving  other  parties  or 
government investigations. Product liability and other forms of insurance are expensive and may not be available in the future. 

We cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain or obtain insurance coverage at acceptable costs or in sufficient amounts or 
that our insurer will not disclaim coverage as to a future claim. In many cases, we are unable to obtain insurance and are self-
insured. Any such claim, including any out of pocket payments we are required to make and the costs of the defense against 
such  claim,  could  result  in  material  costs  and  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition. 

For  additional  information  related  to  these  lawsuits,  see  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (12)(a)  - 
Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings and Other Matters" included in "Part II - Item 8.- Financial Statements 
and Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K.

Protection of our intellectual property is limited and pursuing infringers of our patents and other intellectual property 
rights can be costly.

Our businesses rely, in large part, upon our proprietary scientific and engineering know-how and production techniques. We 
rely  on  a  combination  of  patent,  copyright,  trademark,  service  mark,  trade  secret  and  unfair  competition  laws,  restrictions  in 
licensing agreements, confidentiality provisions and various other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and 
related  proprietary  rights,  but  these  legal  means  provide  only  limited  protection.  We  cannot  guarantee  that  our  issued  and 
acquired patents will be upheld if challenged by another party. Additionally, with respect to any patent applications which we 
have filed, we cannot guarantee that any patents will be issued as a result of these applications.

The  departure  of  any  of  our  key  management  and  technical  personnel,  the  breach  of  their  confidentiality  and  non-disclosure 
obligations  to  us  or  the  failure  to  achieve  our  intellectual  property  objectives  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  Our  ability  to  compete  successfully  and  achieve  future  revenue  growth  will 
depend, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and operate without infringing upon the rights of others. We 
may  fail  to  do  so.  In  addition,  the  laws  of  certain  countries  in  which  our  products  are  or  may  be  sold  may  not  protect  our 
products or intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.

Our  ability  to  protect  our  intellectual  property  rights  is  also  subject  to  the  terms  of  future  government  contracts.  We  cannot 
assure you that the federal government will not demand greater intellectual property rights or restrict our ability to disseminate 
intellectual  property.  We  are  also  a  member  of  standards-setting  organizations  and  have  agreed  to  license  some  of  our 
intellectual property to other members on fair and reasonable terms to the extent that the license is required to develop non-
infringing products.

Pursuing infringers of our proprietary rights could result in significant litigation costs, and any failure to pursue infringers could 
result in our competitors utilizing our technology and offering similar products, potentially resulting in loss of a competitive 
advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark 
and  trade  secret  laws  afford  only  limited  protection.  In  addition,  the  laws  of  some  foreign  countries  do  not  protect  our 
proprietary  rights  to  the  same  extent  as  do  the  laws  of  the  U.S.  Protecting  our  know-how  is  difficult  especially  after  our 
employees or those of our third-party contract service providers end their employment or engagement. Attempts may be made 
to copy or reverse-engineer aspects of our products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, 
we may not be able to prevent the misappropriation of our technology or prevent others from developing similar technology. 
Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult and expensive. Litigation may be necessary in the future 
to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. The costs 
and  diversion  of  resources  could  significantly  harm  our  business.  If  we  fail  to  protect  our  intellectual  property,  we  may  not 
receive any return on the resources expended to create the intellectual property or generate any competitive advantage based on 
it.

40

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property rights and we could be prevented from selling our 
products, or suffer significant litigation expense, even if these claims have no merit.

Our competitive position is driven in part by our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. Third parties, however, may 
claim  that  we,  our  products,  operations  or  any  products  or  technology  we  obtain  from  other  parties  are  infringing  their 
intellectual property rights, and we may be unaware of intellectual property rights of others that may impact some of our assets, 
technology and products. 

From time to time our customers are parties to allegations of intellectual property infringement claims based on our customers’ 
incorporation and use of our products and services, which may lead to demands from our customers for us to indemnify them 
for costs in defending those allegations. Any litigation regarding patents, trademarks, copyrights or intellectual property rights, 
even those without merit, and the related indemnification demands of our customers, can be costly and time consuming, and 
divert  our  management  and  key  personnel  from  operating  our  business.  The  complexity  of  the  technology  involved,  and 
inherent  uncertainty  and  cost  of  intellectual  property  litigation  increases  our  risks.  If  any  third  party  has  a  meritorious  or 
successful claim that we are infringing its intellectual property rights, we may be forced to change our products or enter into 
licensing  arrangements  with  third  parties,  which  may  be  costly  or  impractical.  This  also  may  require  us  to  stop  selling  our 
products as currently engineered, which could harm our competitive position. We also may be subject to significant damages or 
injunctions that prevent the further development and sale of certain of our products or services and may result in a material loss 
of revenue.

From  time  to  time,  there  have  been  claims  challenging  the  ownership  of  open  source  software  against  companies  that 
incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of 
what we believe to be open source software. Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source 
code for modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open source license or other license granting third 
parties  certain  rights  of  further  use.  If  we  combine  our  proprietary  software  products  with  open  source  software  in  a  certain 
manner, we could under certain of the open source licenses, be required to release our proprietary source code. Open source 
license terms may be ambiguous and many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated, and 
could  if  not  properly  addressed,  negatively  affect  our  business.  If  we  were  found  to  have  inappropriately  used  open  source 
software,  we  may  be  required  to  release  our  proprietary  source  code,  re-engineer  our  products  and  client  applications, 
discontinue the sale of our products or services in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take 
other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could adversely affect our 
business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Competitive Risks

All  of  our  business  activities  are  subject  to  rapid  technological  change,  new  entrants,  the  introduction  of  other 
distribution models and long development and testing periods each of which may harm our competitive position, render 
our  product  or  service  offerings  obsolete  and  require  us  to  continuously  develop  technology  and/or  obtain  licensed 
technology in order to compete successfully.

We are engaged in business activities characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, frequent new 
product  announcements  and  enhancements,  and  changing  customer  demands.  The  introduction  of  products  and  services  or 
future industry standards embodying new technologies, such as multi-frequency time division multiple access ("MF-TDMA") 
based technologies could render any of our products and services obsolete or non-competitive. The successful execution of our 
business strategy is contingent upon wireless network operators launching and maintaining mobile location services, our ability 
to maintain a technically skilled development and engineering team, our ability to create new network software products and 
adapt  our  existing  products  to  rapidly  changing  technologies,  industry  standards  and  customer  needs.  As  a  result  of  the 
complexities  inherent  in  our  product  offerings,  new  technologies  may  require  long  development  and  testing  periods. 
Additionally, new products may not achieve market acceptance or our competitors could develop alternative technologies that 
gain broader market acceptance than our products. If we are unable to develop and introduce technologically advanced products 
that  respond  to  evolving  industry  standards  and  customer  needs,  or  if  we  are  unable  to  complete  the  development  and 
introduction  of  these  products  on  a  timely  and  cost  effective  basis,  it  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
results of operations and financial condition or could result in our technology becoming obsolete.

41

New entrants seeking to gain market share by introducing new technology and new products may make it more difficult for us 
to  sell  our  products  and  services  and  could  create  increased  pricing  pressure,  reduced  profit  margins,  increased  sales  and 
marketing expenses, or the loss of market share or expected market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, many companies are developing new technologies and 
the shift towards open standards such as IP-based satellite networks will likely result in increased competition and some of our 
products may become commoditized as a result.

Our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment provides various technologies that are utilized on mobile phones. Applications 
from  competitors  for  location-based  or  text-based  messaging  platforms  may  be  preloaded  on  mobile  devices  by  original 
equipment  manufacturers,  or  OEMs,  or  offered  by  OEMs  directly.  Increased  competition  from  providers  of  location-based 
services  which  do  not  rely  on  a  wireless  carrier  may  result  in  fewer  wireless  carrier  subscribers  electing  to  purchase  their 
wireless  carrier’s  branded  location-based  services,  which  could  harm  our  business  and  revenue.  In  addition,  these  location-
based  or  text-based  services  may  be  offered  for  free  or  on  a  one-time  fee  basis,  which  could  force  us  to  reduce  monthly 
subscription fees or migrate to a one-time fee model to remain competitive. We may also lose end users or face erosion in our 
average revenue per user if these competitors deliver their products without charge to the consumer by generating revenue from 
advertising or as part of other applications or services.

Our expected growth and our financial position depends on, among other things, our ability to keep pace with such changes and 
developments and to respond to the increasing variety of electronic equipment users and transmission technologies. We may not 
have the financial or technological resources to keep pace with such changes and developments or be successful in our research 
and development and we may not be able to identify and respond to technological improvements made by our competitors in a 
timely  or  cost-effective  fashion.  Any  delays  could  result  in  increased  costs  of  development  or  redirect  resources  from  other 
projects.  In  addition,  we  cannot  provide  assurances  that  the  markets  for  our  products,  systems,  services  or  technologies  will 
develop  as  we  currently  anticipate.  The  failure  of  our  products,  systems,  services  or  technologies  to  gain  market  acceptance 
could significantly reduce our net sales and harm our business.

Our business is highly competitive, we are reliant upon the success of our partners, and some of our competitors have 
significantly  greater  resources  than  we  do,  which  could  result  in  a  loss  of  customers,  market  share  and/or  market 
acceptance.

Our  business  is  highly  competitive.  We  will  continue  to  invest  in  research  and  development  for  the  introduction  of  new  and 
enhanced  products  and  services  designed  to  improve  capacity,  data  processing  rates  and  features.  We  must  also  continue  to 
develop  new  features  and  to  improve  functionality  of  our  software.  Research  and  development  in  our  industry  is  complex, 
expensive  and  uncertain.  We  believe  that  we  must  continue  to  dedicate  a  significant  amount  of  resources  to  research  and 
development  efforts  to  maintain  our  competitive  position.  If  we  continue  to  expend  a  significant  amount  of  resources  on 
research and development, but our efforts do not lead to the successful introduction of product and service enhancements more 
quickly than our competitors that are competitive in the marketplace, our business, results of operations and financial condition 
could be materially adversely affected.

Several  of  our  potential  competitors  are  substantially  larger  than  we  are  and  have  greater  financial,  technical  and  marketing 
resources than we do. In particular, larger competitors have certain advantages over us which could cause us to lose customers 
and impede our ability to attract new customers, including: larger bases of financial, technical, marketing, personnel and other 
resources; more established relationships with wireless carriers and government customers; more funds to deploy products and 
services;  and  the  ability  to  lower  prices  of  (or  not  charge  any  price  for)  competitive  products  and  services  because  they  are 
selling  larger  volumes.  Furthermore,  we  cannot  be  sure  that  our  competitors  will  not  develop  competing  products,  systems, 
services or technologies that gain market acceptance in advance of our products, systems, services or technologies, or that our 
competitors will not develop new products, systems, services or technologies that cause our existing products, systems, services 
or technologies to become non-competitive or obsolete, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment  provides  public  safety  and  location  technologies  to  various  state  and  local 
municipalities and to a large extent, we are reliant on the success of our wireless partners and distributors to meet our growth 
objectives. In some cases, our wireless partners may have different objectives, or our distributors may not be successful. We 
also began an evaluation and repositioning of certain of our location technology solutions within our Terrestrial and Wireless 
Networks segment in order to focus on providing higher-margin solution offerings and increase our penetration into the public 
safety  space.  To  date,  we  have  ceased  offering  certain  location  technology  solutions,  have  worked  with  customers  to  wind-
down certain legacy contracts and have not renewed certain contracts. Going forward, we intend to continue to work with our 
partners and expand our direct and indirect sales and distribution channels in this area. If we are not successful in doing so, we 
may not be able to achieve our long-term business goals.

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We  rely  upon  various  third-party  companies  and  their  technology  to  provide  services  to  our  customers  and  if  we  are 
unable to obtain such services at reasonable prices, or at all, our gross margins and our ability to provide the services of 
our wireless applications business could be materially adversely affected.

We rely on various third-party companies and their technology in our business. Risks from our reliance with these third parties 
include:

•

•

The loss of mapping and third-party content - The wireless data services provided to our customers are dependent on 
real-time,  continuous  feeds  from  map  data,  points  of  interest  data,  traffic  information,  gas  prices,  theater,  event  and 
weather  information  from  vendors  and  others.  Any  disruption  of  this  third-party  content  from  our  satellite  feeds  or 
backup landline feeds or other disruption could result in delays in our subscribers’ ability to receive information. We 
obtain this data that we sell to our customers from companies owned by current and potential competitors, who may 
act  in  a  manner  that  is  not  in  our  best  interest.  If  our  suppliers  of  this  data  or  content  were  to  enter  into  exclusive 
relationships with other providers of location-based services or were to discontinue providing such information and we 
were unable to replace them cost effectively, or at all, our ability to provide the services of our wireless applications 
business would be materially adversely affected. Our gross margins may also be materially adversely affected if the 
cost of third-party data and content increases substantially.

Third-party  data  centers  or  third-party  networks  may  fail  -  Many  products  and  services  of  our  advanced 
communication  solutions,  in  particular  our  public  safety  and  location  technology  solutions,  are  provided  through  a 
combination of our servers, which are hosted at third-party data centers, and on the networks, as well as within the data 
centers of our wireless carrier partners. Our business relies to a significant degree on the efficient and uninterrupted 
operation  of  the  third-party  data  centers,  customer  data  centers,  and  cloud  providers  we  use.  Network  failures, 
disruptions or capacity constraints in our third-party data center facilities or in our servers maintained at their location 
could affect the performance of the products and services of our wireless applications and 911 business and harm our 
reputation and our revenue. The ability of our subscribers to receive critical location and business information requires 
timely  and  uninterrupted  connections  with  our  wireless  network  carriers.  Any  disruption  from  our  satellite  feeds  or 
backup landline feeds could also result in delays in our subscribers’ ability to receive information.

• We must integrate our technologies and routinely upgrade them - We may not be able to upgrade our location services 
platform  to  support  certain  advanced  features  and  functionality  without  obtaining  technology  licenses  from  third 
parties. Obtaining these licenses may be costly and may delay the introduction of such features and functionality, and 
these licenses may not be available on commercially favorable terms, or at all. Problems and delays in development or 
delivery  as  a  result  of  issues  with  respect  to  design,  technology,  licensing  and  patent  rights,  labor,  learning  curve 
assumptions,  or  materials  and  components  could  prevent  us  from  achieving  contractual  obligations.  In  addition,  our 
products cannot be tested and proven in all situations and are otherwise subject to unforeseen problems. The inability 
to offer advanced features or functionality, or a delay in our ability to upgrade our location-based services platform, 
may  materially  adversely  affect  demand  for  our  products  and  services  and,  consequently,  have  a  material  adverse 
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

• We rely upon "open-source" software - We have incorporated some types of open-source software into our products, 
allowing us to enhance certain solutions without incurring substantial additional research and development costs. Thus 
far, we have encountered no unanticipated material problems arising from our use of open-source software. However, 
as  the  use  of  open-source  software  becomes  more  widespread,  certain  open-source  technology  could  become 
competitive with our proprietary technology, which could cause sales of our products to decline or force us to reduce 
the fees we charge for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations 
and financial condition.

Because our software may contain defects or errors, and our hardware products may incorporate defective components, 
our sales could decrease if these defects or errors adversely affect our reputation or delay shipments of our products. 

Products as complex as ours are likely to contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new 
versions  are  released.  Software  products,  such  as  our  911  call  handling  software  solutions,  must  meet  stringent  customer 
technical requirements and we must satisfy our warranty obligations to our customers. Our hardware products are also subject 
to warranty obligations and integrate a wide variety of components from different vendors.

43

Our products including software may not be error or defect free after delivery to customers, which could damage our reputation, 
cause revenue losses, result in the rejection of our products or services, divert development resources and increase service and 
warranty  costs,  each  of  which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial 
condition.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Our stock price is volatile.

The stock market in general and the stock prices of technology-based companies, in particular, experience extreme volatility 
that often is unrelated to the operating performance of any specific public company. The market price of our common stock has 
fluctuated  significantly  in  the  past  and  is  likely  to  fluctuate  significantly  in  the  future  as  well.  Factors  that  could  have  a 
significant impact on the market price of our stock include, among others:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

strategic transactions, such as acquisitions and divestures by us and our competitors;
our ability to successfully integrate and manage recent acquisitions;
our issuance of potentially dilutive equity or equity-type securities;
our issuance of debt;
our ability to successfully access equity and debt capital markets;
future announcements concerning us or our competitors;
shareholder activism involving our common stock, board of directors or corporate governance;
receipt or non-receipt of substantial orders for products and services;
quality deficiencies in services or products;
results of technological innovations and new commercial products;
changes in recommendations of securities analysts;
government regulations;
changes in the status or outcome of government audits;
proprietary rights or product or patent litigation;
changes in U.S. government policies;
changes  in  economic  conditions  generally,  particularly  in  the  terrestrial  and  wireless  networks  and  satellite  and 
space communications markets;
changes in securities market conditions, generally;
changes in prevailing interest rates;
changes in the status of litigation and legal matters (including changes in the status of export matters);
cyber attacks;
energy blackouts;
acts of terrorism or war;
inflation or deflation;
rumors or allegations regarding our financial disclosures or practices; and
the ongoing and future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shortfalls in our sales or earnings in any given period relative to the levels expected by securities analysts could immediately, 
significantly and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Future issuances of our shares of common stock could dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and reduce 
the market price of our shares of common stock.

In  addition  to  potential  issuances  of  our  shares  of  common  stock  associated  with  acquisitions,  in  the  future,  we  may  issue 
additional securities to raise capital. We may also acquire interests in other companies by using a combination of cash and our 
common stock or just our common stock. We may also issue securities convertible into our common stock. Any of these events 
may dilute a stockholder's ownership interest in Comtech and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

44

Actions of activist stockholders could impact the pursuit of our business strategies and adversely affect our results of 
operations, financial condition and/or share price. 

Our Board of Directors and management team value constructive input from investors, regularly engage in dialogue with our 
stockholders, and are committed to acting in the best interests of all of our stockholders; however, we have been, and may in the 
future be, subject to actions, campaigns, or proposals that may not align with our business strategies or the interests of our other 
stockholders.  Accordingly, there is no assurance that the actions taken by the Board of Directors and management in seeking to 
maintain  constructive  engagement  with  certain  stockholders  will  be  successful  in  preventing  the  occurrence  of  stockholder 
activist campaigns.

Campaigns by activist stockholders to effect changes at publicly traded companies often demand that companies undertake or 
pursue  financial  restructuring,  increase  debt,  issue  special  dividends,  repurchase  shares,  or  undertake  sales  of  assets  or  other 
transactions, including strategic transactions. Campaigns may also be initiated by activist stockholders advocating for particular 
environmental or social causes. Activist stockholders who disagree with the composition of a company’s board of directors, or 
with its strategy and/or management often seek to involve themselves in the governance and strategic direction of a company 
through various activities. As discussed elsewhere in this report, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to activities 
and campaigns initiated by activist stockholders.

Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, and could divert the 
attention of our Board of Directors, management team and employees from the management of our operations and the pursuit of 
our business strategies. Further, actions of activist stockholders may cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on 
temporary  or  speculative  market  perceptions  or  other  factors  that  do  not  necessarily  reflect  the  underlying  fundamentals  and 
prospects of our business. Perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership created as a consequence of 
activist stockholder campaigns or initiatives may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and make it more difficult 
to  attract  and  retain  investors,  customers,  employees,  and  other  business  partners.  Also,  we  could  be  required  to  incur 
significant  expenses  related  to  any  activist  stockholder  matters  (included  but  not  limited  to  legal  fees,  fees  for  financial 
advisors, fees for public relation advisors and proxy solicitation expenses). As a result, activist stockholder campaigns could 
adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or share price in ways that can be difficult to predict 
or foresee.

Even if we are successful in any proxy contest or in defending against any unsolicited takeover attempt, our business could be 
adversely affected by any such proxy contest or unsolicited takeover attempt due to:

•

•

perceived  uncertainties  as  to  future  direction  may  result  in  the  loss  of  potential  acquisitions,  collaborations  or 
other strategic opportunities, and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel, customers, 
suppliers, and other business partners;
if individuals are elected or appointed to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda or who do not agree with 
our strategic plan, the ability of our Board of Directors to function effectively could be adversely affected, which 
could  in  turn  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  effectively  and  timely  implement  our  strategic  plan  and  create 
additional  value  for  our  stockholders,  and/or  adversely  affect  our  business,  operating  results  and  financial 
condition.

We cannot predict, and no guarantees can be given, as to the outcome or timing of any matters relating to the foregoing actions 
by  stockholders  and  our  responses  thereto  or  the  ultimate  impact  on  our  business,  liquidity,  financial  condition  or  results  of 
operations.  Any  of  these  matters  or  any  further  actions  by  stockholders  and  our  responses  thereto  may  impact  and  result  in 
volatility or stagnation of our share price.

Provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of Comtech.

We have taken a number of actions that could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger, acquisition or 
divestiture involving Comtech that our stockholders may consider favorable.

For example, we currently have a classified board and the employment contract with our CEO and agreements with other of our 
executive officers provide for substantial payments in certain circumstances or in the event of a change of control of Comtech. 
In the future, we may adopt a stockholder rights plan which could cause substantial dilution to a stockholder, and substantially 
increase the cost paid by a stockholder who attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our Board of Directors.

45

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. In 
general,  this  statute  provides  that,  except  in  certain  limited  circumstances,  a  corporation  shall  not  engage  in  any  "business 
combination" with an "interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person 
became  an  interested  stockholder,  unless  the  business  combination  is  approved  in  a  prescribed  manner.  A  "business 
combination" includes mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. 
Subject  to  certain  exceptions,  for  purposes  of  Section  203  of  the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law,  an  "interested 
stockholder" is a person who, together with affiliates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation's 
voting stock. This provision could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Comtech.

A disruption in our Common Stock dividend program could negatively impact our stock price.

We have paid quarterly common stock dividends every quarter since September 2010. 

Our  ability  to  continue  to  pay  quarterly  dividends  with  respect  to  our  Common  Stock  will  depend  on  our  ability  to  generate 
sufficient cash flows from operations in the future and maintain compliance with our Credit Facility. This ability may be subject 
to  certain  economic,  financial,  competitive  and  other  factors  that  are  beyond  our  control.  Future  Common  Stock  dividends 
remain subject to compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval and certain voting 
rights  of  holders  of  our  Series  A  Convertible  Preferred  Stock.  Our  Board  of  Directors  may,  at  its  discretion,  decrease  the 
targeted annual dividend amount or entirely discontinue the payment of dividends at any time.

Additionally, our ability to declare and pay common stock dividends and make other distributions with respect to our capital 
stock may also be restricted by the terms of our Credit Facility, and may be restricted by the terms of financing arrangements 
that we enter into in the future.

None.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

46

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We  consider  our  facilities  to  be  well  maintained  and  adequate  for  current  and  planned  production  requirements.  All  of  our 
manufacturing facilities, including those that serve the military market, must comply with stringent customer specifications. We 
employ formal quality management programs and other training programs, including the International Standard Organization’s 
quality procedure registration programs.

Historically,  we  have  not  owned  any  material  properties  or  facilities  and  have  relied  upon  a  strategy  of  leasing.  We  do  not 
currently own any material properties. The following table lists our primary leased facilities at July 31, 2022:

Location
Satellite and Space Communications
Chandler, Arizona
Tempe, Arizona
Orlando, Florida
Hampshire, UK
Santa Clara, California
Melville, New York
Various facilities
Cypress, California
Plano, Texas
Saint-Laurent, Canada

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks
Seattle, Washington

Stoughton, Massachusetts
Lake Forest, California
Annapolis, Maryland
Gatineau, Canada

Chicago, Illinois

Corporate
Annapolis, Maryland
Melville, New York

Total Square Footage

Property Type

  Square Footage   Lease Expiration

A Manufacturing and Engineering
A Manufacturing and Engineering
B Manufacturing and Engineering
C Manufacturing and Engineering
D Manufacturing and Engineering
E Manufacturing and Engineering
Support, Engineering and Sales
F
Support, Engineering and Sales
G
R&D and Engineering
G
Manufacturing, Engineering, Sales 
H
and General Office

I

J
K
K
L

L

Network Operations, R&D, 
Engineering and Sales
Network Operations
R&D and Engineering
Support, Engineering and Sales
Network Operations, R&D, 
Engineering, Sales and General 
Office
General Office

July 2036
Various
April 2026
November 2030
April 2026
December 2031
Various
July 2025
August 2025
June 2029

146,000 
136,000 
99,000 
77,000 
47,000 
45,000 
22,000 
28,000   
12,000   
12,000 

624,000 

58,000 

October 2033

26,000 
18,000 
17,000 
16,000 

4,000 
139,000 

March 2025
July 2023
July 2026
October 2024

September 2024

General Office and Common Areas

K
M Corporate Headquarters and General 

2,000   
9,600 

July 2026
August 2027

Office

11,600 
774,600     

A.

Although primarily used for our satellite ground station equipment product lines, which are part of the Terrestrial and 
Wireless  Networks  segment,  both  of  our  business  segments  utilize,  from  time  to  time,  our  high-volume  technology 
manufacturing  facilities  in  Arizona.  These  manufacturing  facilities  utilize  state-of-the-art  design  and  production 
techniques, including analog, digital and RF microwave production, hardware assembly and full-service engineering.

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
To support our long-term business goals, in fiscal 2021, we commenced a 15-year lease for a new 146,000 square foot 
facility  in  Chandler,  Arizona.  In  fiscal  2022,  we  began  shifting  operations  related  to  the  production  of  our  satellite 
ground station products from our existing manufacturing locations, such as Tempe, Arizona, to this new facility. We 
also  signed  a  new  10-year  lease  in  the  United  Kingdom  to  expand  our  Satellite  and  Space  segment's  international 
manufacturing capabilities. This facility is expected to support the production of X/Y satellite tracking antennas that 
can  be  used  in  connection  with  the  thousands  of  new  LEO,  MEO  and  large  HTS  satellite  constellations  reportedly 
being launched over the next several years. COVID-19 and global supply chain disruptions have delayed efforts to get 
our new technology manufacturing centers fully operational and have increased our start-up costs. Relocation to the 
Chandler,  Arizona  facility  is  expected  to  be  completed  in  fiscal  2023,  at  which  point  we  will  reduce  our  Tempe, 
Arizona footprint to approximately 20,000 square feet through January 2027. 

Our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  engineers  and  manufactures  our  over-the-horizon  microwave 
systems and mission-critical satellite equipment in a leased facility in Orlando, Florida.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment currently leases two manufacturing facilities in Hampshire, United 
Kingdom where we manufacture our high precision full motion fixed and mobile X/Y satellite tracking antennas, RF 
feeds, reflectors and radomes.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment manufactures certain amplifiers in a leased manufacturing facility 
located in Santa Clara, California.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment manufactures certain of our solid-state, high-power amplifiers in a 
45,000 square foot engineering and manufacturing facility on more than two acres of land in Melville, New York and 
an 8,000 square foot facility in Topsfield, Massachusetts. We lease the New York facility from a partnership controlled 
by our former CEO. Our Massachusetts lease is currently on a month-to-month basis and therefore excluded from the 
table above.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment leases an additional seven facilities, four of which aggregate 16,000 
square  feet  and  are  located  in  the  U.S.  with  the  remaining  three  facilities  aggregating  6,000  square  feet  located  in 
Singapore, China and India. All are primarily utilized for engineering, sales, software development, customer support, 
and general office use.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment maintains office space in Cypress, California and Plano, Texas used 
primarily for R&D, engineering, sales and customer support.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment maintains office space in Saint-Laurent, Canada, used primarily for 
sales, engineering, manufacturing and general office use.

Our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment  maintains  office  space  in  Seattle,  Washington  used  primarily  for 
servicing and hosting our VoIP and VoWiFi E911 and NG-911 services, and related emerging technologies.

Our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment maintains office space in Stoughton, Massachusetts used primarily for 
servicing certain of our state and local municipality NG-911 customers.

We  have  leases  for  facilities  in  Annapolis,  Maryland  and  Lake  Forest,  California  used  primarily  for  the  design  and 
development of our software-based systems and applications and network operations for our Terrestrial and Wireless 
Networks segment. 

Our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment maintains office space in Gatineau, Canada and Chicago, Illinois that 
are utilized for network operations, R&D, engineering, sales of our public safety and location technology solutions and 
general office use.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

L.

M.

Our corporate headquarters are located in an office building complex in Melville, New York.

The terms for all of our leased facilities are generally for multi-year periods and we believe that we will be able to renew these 
leases or find comparable facilities elsewhere.

Also,  in  fiscal  2022,  as  part  of  our  environmental  related  initiatives,  we  were  able  to  reduce  our  total  company-wide  square 
footage of our various facilities by 78,000 sq ft. or 9.1%.

48

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference to the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
–  Note  (12)(a)  -  Commitments  and  Contingencies  –  Legal  Proceedings  and  Other  Matters"  included  in  "Part  II  -  Item  8.- 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND 
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Return

The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the 
S&P  500  Index  and  the  Nasdaq  Telecommunications  Index  for  each  of  the  last  five  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  assuming  an 
investment  of  $100  at  the  beginning  of  such  period  and  the  reinvestment  of  any  dividends.  The  comparisons  in  the  graphs 
below  are  based  upon  historical  data  and  are  not  indicative  of,  nor  intended  to  forecast,  future  performance  of  our  common 
stock.

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "CMTL."

49

Dividends

Since September 2010, we have paid quarterly dividends on shares of our common stock. On October 4, 2021, December 9, 
2021, March 10, 2022 and June 9, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, which 
was paid on November 12, 2021, February 18, 2022, May 20, 2022 and August 19, 2022, respectively. On September 29, 2022, 
our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 18, 2022 to stockholders of 
record  at  the  close  of  business  on  October  19,  2022.  Future  common  stock  dividends  remain  subject  to  compliance  with 
financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval and certain voting rights of holders of our Series A 
Convertible Preferred Stock.

The  Board  of  Directors  is  currently  targeting  fiscal  2023  quarterly  dividend  payments  of  $0.10  per  common  share.  Future 
common  stock  dividends  remain  subject  to  compliance  with  financial  covenants  under  our  Credit  Facility,  as  well  as  Board 
approval, and certain voting rights of holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

We  did  not  repurchase  any  of  our  equity  securities  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2022.  On  September  29,  2020,  our 
Board  of  Directors  authorized  a  new  $100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program,  which  replaced  our  prior  program.  The  new 
$100.0  million  stock  repurchase  program  has  no  time  restrictions  and  repurchases  may  be  made  from  time  to  time  in  open-
market or privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. We had approximately 
27.6 million shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 31, 2022.

Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders

As of September 23, 2022, there were approximately 801 holders of our common stock. Such number of record owners was 
determined from our stockholder records and does not include beneficial owners whose shares of our common stock are held in 
the name of various security holders, dealers and clearing agencies.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

50

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview of Business

We  are  a  leading  global  provider  of  next-generation  911  emergency  systems  ("NG-911")  and  secure  wireless  and  satellite 
communications  technologies.  We  see  these  two  end-markets  as  part  of  what  Comtech  has  identified  as  the  “Failsafe 
Communications  Market.”  This  includes  the  critical  communications  infrastructure  that  people,  businesses,  and  governments 
rely on when durable, trusted connectivity is required, no matter where they are – on land, at sea, or in the air – and no matter 
what the circumstances – from armed conflict to a natural disaster. Our solutions fulfill our customers’ needs for secure wireless 
communications  in  the  most  demanding  environments,  including  those  where  traditional  communications  are  unavailable  or 
cost-prohibitive, and in mission-critical and other scenarios where performance is crucial. We anticipate future growth in our 
business due to increasing demand for global voice, video and data usage. We provide our solutions to both commercial and 
governmental customers. 

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we revised our business segments to better align them with end-markets for our products 
and services. Our businesses have been re-organized into two new reportable segments: “Satellite and Space Communications” 
and  “Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks.”  All  current  and  prior  periods  reflected  in  this  Form  10-K  have  been  presented 
according to these two segments, unless otherwise noted. For more information and for financial information about our business 
segments,  including  net  sales,  operating  income,  Adjusted  EBITDA  (a  Non-GAAP  financial  measure),  total  assets,  and  our 
operations  outside  the  United  States,  refer  to  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (11)  Segment 
Information" included in "Part II - Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." A description of the segments is 
provided below:

•

•

Satellite  and  Space  Communications  -  is  organized  into  four  product  areas:  Satellite  Modem  and  Amplifier 
Technologies, Troposcatter and SATCOM Solutions, Space Components and Antennas, and High-Power Amplifiers 
and  Switches.  This  segment  offers  customers:  satellite  ground  station  technologies,  services  and  system  integration 
that facilitate the transmission of voice, video and data over GEO, MEO and LEO satellite constellations, including 
solid-state  and  traveling  wave  tube  power  amplifiers,  modems,  VSAT  platforms  and  frequency  converters;  satellite 
communications  and  tracking  antenna  systems,  including  high  precision  full  motion  fixed  and  mobile  X/Y  tracking 
antennas, RF feeds, reflectors and radomes; over-the-horizon microwave equipment that can transmit digitized voice, 
video,  and  data  over  distances  up  to  200  miles  using  the  troposphere  and  diffraction,  including  the  Comtech 
COMET™;  solid-state,  RF  microwave  high-power  amplifiers  and  control  components  designed  for  radar,  electronic 
warfare,  data  link,  medical  and  aviation  applications;  and  procurement  and  supply  chain  management  of  high 
reliability EEE parts for satellite, launch vehicle and manned space applications.

Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  -  is  organized  into  four  product  areas:  Next  Generation  911  &  Call  Delivery, 
Solacom  Call  Handling  Solutions,  Trusted  Location  and  Messaging  Solutions,  and  Cyber  Security  Training  & 
Services. This segment offers customers SMS Text to 911 services, providing alternate paths for individuals who need 
to  request  assistance  (via  text  messaging)  a  method  to  reach  Public  Safety  Answering  Points;  Next  Generation  911 
solutions,  providing  emergency  call  routing,  location  validation,  policy-based  routing  rules,  logging  and  security 
functionality;  Emergency  Services  IP  Network  transport  infrastructure  for  emergency  services  communications  and 
support  of  Next  Generation  911  services;  call  handling  applications  for  Public  Safety  Answering  Points;  wireless 
emergency  alerts  solutions  for  network  operators;  software  and  equipment  for  location-based  and  text  messaging 
services for various applications, including for public safety, commercial and government services, and cybersecurity 
training, skills labs, and competency assessments for both technical and non-technical applications.

51

Our Quarterly Financial Information
Quarterly  and  period-to-period  sales  and  operating  results  may  be  significantly  affected  by  either  short-term  or  long-term 
contracts  with  our  customers.  In  addition,  our  gross  profit  is  affected  by  a  variety  of  factors,  including  the  mix  of  products, 
systems  and  services  sold,  production  efficiencies,  estimates  of  warranty  expense,  price  competition  and  general  economic 
conditions. Our gross profit may also be affected by the impact of any cumulative adjustments to contracts that are accounted 
for over time.

In particular our contracts with the U.S. government can be terminated for convenience by it at any time and orders are subject 
to unpredictable funding, deployment and technology decisions by the U.S. government. Some of these contracts are indefinite 
delivery/indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts and, as such, the U.S. government is not obligated to purchase any equipment or 
services under these contracts. We have, in the past, experienced and we continue to expect significant fluctuations in sales and 
operating results from quarter-to-quarter and period-to-period due to these factors. As such, comparisons between periods and 
our current results may not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

Critical Accounting Policies

We consider certain accounting policies to be critical due to the estimation process involved in each.

Revenue Recognition. In accordance with FASB ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), we record 
revenue  in  an  amount  that  reflects  the  consideration  to  which  we  expect  to  be  entitled  in  exchange  for  goods  or  services 
promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify 
our  performance  obligations  in  our  contract;  (3)  determine  the  transaction  price  for  our  contract;  (4)  allocate  the  transaction 
price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue using one of the following two methods:

•

Over time - We recognize revenue using the over-time method when there is a continuous transfer of control to the 
customer over the contractual period of performance. This generally occurs when we enter into a long-term contract 
relating  to  the  design,  development  or  manufacture  of  complex  equipment  or  technology  platforms  to  a  buyer’s 
specification  (or  to  provide  services  related  to  the  performance  of  such  contracts).  Continuous  transfer  of  control  is 
typically supported by contract clauses which allow our customers to unilaterally terminate a contract for convenience, 
pay for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of work-in-process. Revenue recognized over time is 
generally based on the extent of progress toward completion of the related performance obligations. The selection of 
the method to measure progress requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. In 
certain instances, typically for firm fixed-price contracts, we use the cost-to-cost measure because it best depicts the 
transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure, the 
extent  of  progress  toward  completion  is  measured  based  on  the  ratio  of  costs  incurred  to  date  to  the  total  estimated 
costs  at  completion,  including  warranty  costs.  Revenues,  including  estimated  fees  or  profits,  are  recorded 
proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill generally include direct labor, materials, subcontractor costs, other 
direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. When these contracts are modified, the additional goods or services are 
generally not distinct from those already provided. As a result, these modifications form part of an existing contract 
and  we  must  update  the  transaction  price  and  our  measure  of  progress  for  the  single  performance  obligation  and 
recognize a cumulative catch-up to revenue and gross profits.

For over time contracts using a cost-to-cost measure of progress, we have an estimate at completion ("EAC") process 
in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. This EAC process requires 
management judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenue and costs, and making assumptions for 
schedule  and  technical  issues.  Since  certain  contracts  extend  over  a  long  period  of  time,  the  impact  of  revisions  in 
revenue and or cost estimates during the progress of work may impact current period earnings through a cumulative 
adjustment. Additionally, if the EAC process indicates a loss, a provision is made for the total anticipated loss in the 
period that it becomes evident. Contract revenue and cost estimates for significant contracts are generally reviewed and 
reassessed at least quarterly.

The  cost-to-cost  method  is  principally  used  to  account  for  contracts  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications 
segment and, to a lesser extent, certain location-based and messaging infrastructure contracts within our Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks segment. For service-based contracts in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment, we also 
recognize  revenue  over  time.  These  services  are  typically  recognized  as  a  series  of  services  performed  over  the 
contract term using the straight-line method, or based on our customers’ actual usage of the networks and platforms 
which we provide.

52

•

Point in time - When a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, we must record revenue using the point in 
time accounting method which generally results in revenue being recognized upon shipment or delivery of a promised 
good or service to a customer. This generally occurs when we enter into short term contracts or purchase orders where 
items  are  provided  to  customers  with  relatively  quick  turn-around  times.  Modifications  to  such  contracts  and  or 
purchase  orders,  which  typically  provide  for  additional  quantities  or  services,  are  accounted  for  as  a  new  contract 
because the pricing for these additional quantities or services are based on standalone selling prices.

Point in time accounting is principally applied to contracts in our Satellite and Space Communications segment, which 
includes satellite modems, solid-state and traveling wave tube amplifiers and certain contracts for our solid-state, high-
power  RF  amplifiers.  The  contracts  related  to  these  products  do  not  meet  the  requirements  for  over  time  revenue 
recognition  because  our  customers  cannot  utilize  the  equipment  for  its  intended  purpose  during  any  phase  of  our 
manufacturing  process;  customers  do  not  simultaneously  receive  and  or  consume  the  benefits  provided  by  our 
performance; customers do not control the asset (i.e., prior to delivery, customers cannot direct the use of the asset, sell 
or exchange the equipment, etc.); and, although many of our contracts have termination for convenience clauses and or 
an  enforceable  right  to  payment  for  performance  completed  to  date,  our  performance  creates  an  asset  with  an 
alternative use through the point of delivery.

In  determining  that  our  equipment  has  alternative  use,  we  considered  the  underlying  manufacturing  process.  In  the 
early phases of manufacturing, raw materials and work in process (including subassemblies) consist of common parts 
that  are  highly  fungible  among  many  different  types  of  products  and  customer  applications.  Finished  products  are 
either configured to our standard configuration or based on our customers’ specifications. Finished products, whether 
built  to  our  standard  specification  or  to  a  customers’  specification,  can  be  sold  to  a  variety  of  customers  and  across 
many different end use applications with minimal rework, if needed, and without incurring a significant economic loss.

When  identifying  a  contract  with  our  customer,  we  consider  when  it  has  approval  and  commitment  from  both  parties,  if  the 
rights  of  the  parties  are  identified,  if  the  payment  terms  are  identified,  if  it  has  commercial  substance  and  if  collectability  is 
probable.

When identifying performance obligations, we consider whether there are multiple promises and how to account for them. In 
our  contracts,  multiple  promises  are  separated  if  they  are  distinct,  both  individually  and  in  the  context  of  the  contract.  If 
multiple promises in a contract are highly interrelated or comprise a series of distinct services performed over time, they are 
combined into a single performance obligation. In some cases, we may also provide the customer with an additional service-
type warranty, which we recognize as a separate performance obligation. Service-type warranties do not represent a significant 
portion of our consolidated net sales. When service-type warranties represent a separate performance obligation, the revenue is 
deferred and recognized ratably over the extended warranty period. Our contracts, from time-to-time, may also include options 
for additional goods and services. To date, these options have not represented material rights to the customer as the pricing for 
them reflects standalone selling prices. As a result, we do not consider options we offer to be performance obligations for which 
we must allocate a portion of the transaction price. In many cases, we provide assurance-type warranty coverage for some of 
our products for a period of at least one year from the date of delivery.

When identifying the transaction price, we typically utilize the contract's stated price as a starting point. The transaction price in 
certain  arrangements  may  include  estimated  amounts  of  variable  consideration,  including  award  fees,  incentive  fees  or  other 
provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. We estimate variable consideration as the amount to which 
we expect to be entitled, and we include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant 
reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the estimation uncertainty is resolved. The estimation of this 
variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on 
an  assessment  of  our  anticipated  performance  and  all  information  (e.g.,  historical,  current  and  forecasted)  that  is  reasonably 
available to us.

When allocating the contract’s transaction price, we consider each distinct performance obligation. For contracts with multiple 
performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of 
the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. We determine standalone selling price based on the 
price  at  which  the  performance  obligation  is  sold  separately.  If  the  standalone  selling  price  is  not  observable  through  past 
transactions,  we  estimate  the  standalone  selling  price  taking  into  account  available  information  such  as  market  conditions, 
including  geographic  or  regional  specific  factors,  competitive  positioning,  internal  costs,  profit  objectives  and  internally 
approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. 

53

Most  of  our  contracts  with  customers  are  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars  and  typically  are  either  firm  fixed-price  or  cost 
reimbursable  type  contracts  (including  fixed-fee,  incentive-fee  and  time-and-material  type  contracts).  In  almost  all  of  our 
contracts with customers, we are the principal in the arrangement and report revenue on a gross basis. Transaction prices for 
contracts with U.S. domestic and international customers are usually based on specific negotiations with each customer and in 
the case of the U.S. government, sometimes based on estimated or actual costs of providing the goods or services in accordance 
with applicable regulations.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and collections results in receivables, unbilled receivables and contract liabilities on 
our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for over time, amounts are billed as 
work  progresses  in  accordance  with  agreed-upon  contractual  terms,  either  at  periodic  intervals  (e.g.,  monthly)  or  upon 
achievement of contractual milestones. For certain contracts with provisions that are intended to protect customers in the event 
we  do  not  satisfy  our  performance  obligations,  billings  occur  subsequent  to  revenue  recognition,  resulting  in  unbilled 
receivables. Under ASC 606, unbilled receivables constitute contract assets. On large long term contracts, and for contracts with 
international  customers  that  do  not  do  business  with  us  regularly,  payment  terms  typically  require  advanced  payments  and 
deposits.  Under  ASC  606,  payments  received  from  customers  in  excess  of  revenue  recognized  to  date  results  in  a  contract 
liability. These contract liabilities are not considered to represent a significant financing component of the contract because we 
believe these cash advances and deposits are generally used to meet working capital demands which can be higher in the earlier 
stages of a contract. Also, advanced payments and deposits provide us with some measure of assurance that the customer will 
perform on its obligations under the contract. Under the typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for at a point in time, 
costs are accumulated in inventory until the time of billing, which generally coincides with revenue recognition.

We recognize the incremental costs to obtain or fulfill a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the 
asset is one year or less. Incremental costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with an amortization period greater than one year were 
not material.

As  commissions  payable  to  our  internal  sales  and  marketing  employees  or  contractors  are  contingent  upon  multiple  factors, 
such commissions are not considered direct costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and are expensed as incurred in 
selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As for commissions payable to our 
third-party  sales  representatives  related  to  long-term  contracts,  we  do  consider  these  types  of  commissions  both  direct  and 
incremental costs to obtain and fulfill such contracts. Therefore, such types of commissions are included in total estimated costs 
at completion for such contracts and expensed over time through cost of sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed as of 
the  end  of  a  fiscal  period.  Remaining  performance  obligations,  which  we  refer  to  as  backlog,  exclude  unexercised  contract 
options and potential orders under indefinite delivery / indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts.

Impairment  of  Goodwill  and  Other  Intangible  Assets.  As  of  July  31,  2022,  total  goodwill  recorded  on  our  Consolidated 
Balance Sheet aggregated $347.7 million (of which $173.6 million relates to our Satellite and Space Communications segment 
and $174.1 million relates to our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment). Additionally, as of July 31, 2022, net intangibles 
recorded  on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  aggregated  $247.3  million  (of  which  $72.4  million  relates  to  our  Satellite  and 
Space Communications segment and $174.9 million relates to our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment).

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill and other intangible assets, our Satellite and Space 
Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments each constitute a reporting unit and we must make various 
assumptions  in  determining  their  estimated  fair  values.  Reporting  units  are  defined  by  how  our  Chief  Executive  Officer 
("CEO") manages the business, which includes resource allocation decisions. We may, in the future, change our management 
approach which in turn may change the way we define our reporting units, as such term is defined by Financial Accounting 
Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other." A change to 
our  management  approach  may  require  us  to  perform  an  interim  goodwill  impairment  test  and  possibly  record  impairment 
charges in a future period.

In accordance with FASB ASC 350, we perform a goodwill impairment analysis at least annually (in the first quarter of each 
fiscal  year),  unless  indicators  of  impairment  exist  in  interim  periods.  If  we  fail  the  quantitative  assessment  of  goodwill 
impairment  ("quantitative  assessment"),  we  would  be  required  to  recognize  an  impairment  loss  equal  to  the  amount  that  a 
reporting  unit's  carrying  value  exceeded  its  fair  value;  however,  any  loss  recognized  should  not  exceed  the  total  amount  of 
goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. 

54

As a result of our segment restructuring in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 from the Commercial Solutions and Government 
Solutions segments to the Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments, we performed 
an interim quantitative assessment as of July 29, 2022 and estimated the fair value of each of our reporting units, both before 
and  after  the  change,  using  a  combination  of  the  income  and  market  approaches.  Based  on  our  quantitative  evaluations,  we 
determined that our Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks reporting units had estimated 
fair values in excess of their carrying values of at least and 18.4% and 11.6%, respectively, and concluded that our goodwill 
was  not  impaired  and  that  neither  of  our  two  reporting  units  was  at  risk  of  failing  the  quantitative  assessment.  Given  its 
proximity  to  our  next  regularly  scheduled  annual  goodwill  impairment  testing  date,  we  utilized  our  July  29,  2022  interim 
quantitative assessment to conclude that our goodwill was not impaired and that neither of our two reporting units was at risk of 
failing the quantitative assessment as of August 1, 2022.

In making this assessment, we considered, among other things, expectations of projected net sales and cash flows, assumptions 
impacting the weighted average cost of capital, trends in trading multiples of comparable companies, changes in our stock price 
and changes in the carrying values of our reporting units with goodwill. We also considered overall business conditions.

The  income  approach,  also  known  as  the  discounted  cash  flow  ("DCF")  method,  utilizes  the  present  value  of  cash  flows  to 
estimate fair value. The future cash flows for our reporting units were projected based on our estimates, at that time, of future 
revenues, operating income and other factors (such as working capital and capital expenditures). For purposes of conducting 
our  impairment  analysis,  we  assumed  revenue  growth  rates  and  cash  flow  projections  that  are  below  our  actual  long-term 
expectations.  The  discount  rates  used  in  our  DCF  method  were  based  on  a  weighted-average  cost  of  capital  ("WACC") 
determined  from  relevant  market  comparisons,  adjusted  upward  for  specific  reporting  unit  risks  (primarily  the  uncertainty  of 
achieving projected operating cash flows). A terminal value growth rate was applied to the final year of the projected period, 
which reflects our estimate of stable, perpetual growth. We then calculated a present value of the respective cash flows for each 
reporting unit to arrive at an estimate of fair value under the income approach. Under the market approach, we estimated a fair 
value  based  on  comparable  companies'  market  multiples  of  revenues  and  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and 
amortization and factored in a control premium. Finally, we compared our estimates of fair values to our total public market 
capitalization and assessed implied control premiums based on our common stock price of $11.62 as of the date of testing. 

It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2023  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could  deteriorate 
from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo purchases of our 
products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price  could  fluctuate.  Such 
fluctuation could be caused by uncertainty about the severity and length of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on global 
activity. 

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may also have a 
negative effect on future orders, sales, income and cash flows and we might be required to perform a quantitative assessment 
during fiscal 2023 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved in future periods or our common 
stock  price  significantly  declines  from  current  levels,  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless 
Networks  reporting  units  could  be  at  risk  of  failing  the  quantitative  assessment  and  goodwill  and  intangibles  assigned  to  the 
respective reporting units could be impaired.

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2023 (the start of our fiscal 
2024). If our assumptions and related estimates change in the future, or if we change our reporting unit structure or other events 
and circumstances change (e.g., a sustained decrease in the price of our common stock (considered on both absolute terms and 
relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we perform these tests, or in other future periods. In 
addition  to  our  impairment  analysis  of  goodwill,  we  also  review  net  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  when  an  event  occurs 
indicating the potential for impairment. We believe that the carrying values of our net intangible assets were recoverable as of 
July  31,  2022.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be  material  to  our  results  of  operations  and 
financial condition.

Provision for Warranty Obligations. We provide warranty coverage for most of our products, including products under long-
term contracts, for a period of at least one year from the date of shipment. We record a liability for estimated warranty expense 
based  on  historical  claims,  product  failure  rates  and  other  factors.  Costs  associated  with  some  of  our  warranties  that  are 
provided  under  long-term  contracts  are  incorporated  into  our  estimates  of  total  contract  costs.  There  exist  inherent  risks  and 
uncertainties in estimating warranty expenses, particularly on larger or longer-term contracts. If we do not accurately estimate 
our warranty costs, any changes to our original estimates could be material to our results of operations and financial condition. 

55

Accounting for Income Taxes. Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between 
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and applying enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in 
which we expect the differences to reverse. Our provision for income taxes is based on domestic (including federal and state) 
and international statutory income tax rates in the tax jurisdictions where we operate, permanent differences between financial 
reporting  and  tax  reporting  and  available  credits  and  incentives.  We  recognize  potential  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The U.S. federal government is our most significant income tax jurisdiction.

Significant judgment is required in determining income tax provisions and tax positions. We may be challenged upon review by 
the applicable taxing authority and positions taken by us may not be sustained. We recognize all or a portion of the benefit of 
income  tax  positions  only  when  we  have  made  a  determination  that  it  is  "more  likely  than  not"  that  the  tax  position  will  be 
sustained  upon  examination,  based  upon  the  technical  merits  of  the  position  and  other  factors.  For  tax  positions  that  are 
determined  as  "more  likely  than  not"  to  be  sustained  upon  examination,  the  tax  benefit  recognized  is  the  largest  amount  of 
benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. 

The development of valuation allowances for deferred tax assets and reserves for income tax positions requires consideration of 
timing  and  judgments  about  future  taxable  income,  tax  issues  and  potential  outcomes,  and  are  subjective  critical  estimates. 
Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount "more likely than not" 
expected  to  be  realized.  A  portion  of  our  deferred  tax  assets  consist  of  federal  research  and  experimentation  tax  credit 
carryforwards, some of which was acquired in connection with prior acquisitions. No valuation allowance has been established 
on these deferred tax assets based on our evaluation that our ability to realize such assets has met the criteria of "more likely 
than not." We continuously evaluate additional facts representing positive and negative evidence in determining our ability to 
realize  these  deferred  tax  assets.  In  certain  circumstances,  the  ultimate  outcome  of  exposures  and  risks  involves  significant 
uncertainties.  If  actual  outcomes  differ  materially  from  these  estimates,  they  could  have  a  material  impact  on  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

Our  U.S.  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2019  through  2021  are  subject  to  potential  future  Internal  Revenue  Service 
("IRS")  audit.  None  of  our  state  income  tax  returns  prior  to  fiscal  2018  are  subject  to  audit.  Future  tax  assessments  or 
settlements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Research  and  Development  Costs.  We  generally  expense  all  research  and  development  costs.  Research  and  development 
expenses  include  payroll,  employee  benefits,  stock-based  compensation  expense,  and  other  personnel-related  expenses 
associated  with  product  development.  Research  and  development  expenses  also  include  third-party  development  and 
programming costs. Costs incurred internally in researching and developing software to be sold are charged to expense until 
technological  feasibility  has  been  established  for  the  software.  Judgment  is  required  in  determining  when  technological 
feasibility of a product is established. Technological feasibility for our advanced communication software solutions is generally 
reached  after  all  high-risk  development  issues  have  been  resolved  through  coding  and  testing.  Generally,  this  occurs  shortly 
before  the  products  are  released  to  customers  and  when  we  are  able  to  validate  the  marketability  of  such  product.  Once 
technological  feasibility  is  established,  all  software  costs  are  capitalized  until  the  product  is  available  for  general  release  to 
customers. To date, capitalized internally developed software costs were not material.

Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory. We record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and 
projected usage trends. Other factors may also influence our provision, including decisions to exit a product line, technological 
change and new product development. These factors could result in a change in the amount of excess and obsolete inventory on 
hand. Additionally, our estimates of future product demand may prove to be inaccurate, in which case we may have understated 
or  overstated  the  provision  required  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory.  In  the  future,  if  we  determine  that  our  inventory  was 
overvalued, we would be required to recognize such costs in our financial statements at the time of such determination. Any 
such charge could be material to our results of operations and financial condition.

Allowance  for  Doubtful  Accounts.  We  perform  credit  evaluations  of  our  customers  and  adjust  credit  limits  based  upon 
customer  payment  history  and  current  creditworthiness,  as  determined  by  our  review  of  our  customers’  current  credit 
information. Generally, we will require cash in advance or payment secured by irrevocable letters of credit before an order is 
accepted from an international customer that we do not do business with regularly. In addition, we seek to obtain insurance for 
certain domestic and international customers.

56

We  monitor  collections  and  payments  from  our  customers  and  maintain  an  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  based  upon  our 
historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. In light of ongoing tight credit market 
conditions, we continue to see requests from our customers for higher credit limits and longer payment terms. Because of our 
strong cash position and the nominal amount of interest we are earning on our cash and cash equivalents, we have, on a limited 
basis, approved certain customer requests. We continue to monitor our accounts receivable credit portfolio. To-date, there has 
been  no  material  changes  in  our  credit  portfolio  as  a  result  of  the  effect  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  on  worldwide  business 
activities.

Although our overall credit losses have historically been within the allowances we established, we cannot accurately predict our 
future credit loss experience, given the current poor business environment. Measurement of credit losses requires consideration 
of historical loss experience, including the need to adjust for changing business conditions, and judgments about the probable 
effects of relevant observable data, including present economic conditions such as delinquency rates and the financial health of 
specific  customers.  Future  changes  to  the  estimated  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  could  be  material  to  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

Results of Operations

The  following  table  sets  forth,  for  the  periods  indicated,  certain  income  and  expense  items  expressed  as  a  percentage  of  our 
consolidated net sales:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2021

2020

2022

Gross margin
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
CEO transition costs
Proxy solicitation costs
Acquisition plan expenses
Amortization of intangibles
Operating (loss) income
Interest expense (income) and other
(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes
Net (loss) income
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders
Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP measure)

 37.0 %
 23.6 %
 10.8 %
 2.8 %
 2.3 %
 — %
 4.4 %
 (6.9) %
 0.7 %
 (7.6) %
 (6.8) %
 (8.9) %
 8.1 %

 36.8 %
 19.2 %
 8.4 %
 — %
 — %
 17.2 %
 3.6 %
 (11.7) %
 1.2 %
 (12.9) %
 (12.6) %
 (12.6) %
 13.2 %

 36.8 %
 19.0 %
 8.5 %
 — %
 — %
 3.4 %
 3.5 %
 2.5 %
 1.0 %
 1.5 %
 1.1 %
 1.1 %
 12.6 %

For  a  definition  and  explanation  of  Adjusted  EBITDA,  see  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021 - Adjusted EBITDA."

57

 
 
Fiscal 2022 Highlights and Business Outlook for Fiscal 2023

Our financial highlights for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022 include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Consolidated net sales were $486.2 million;

Gross margins improved, year-over-year, twenty basis points to 37.0%;

GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders was $43.3 million, and included $13.6 million of CEO transition 
costs, $11.2 million of proxy solicitation costs, $6.0 million of restructuring costs, $1.2 million of strategic emerging 
technology  costs  for  next-generation  satellite  technology,  and  $1.1  million  of  COVID-19  related  costs,  as  discussed 
below;

GAAP EPS loss of $1.63 and Non-GAAP EPS loss of $0.13;

Adjusted EBITDA (a Non-GAAP financial measure discussed below) of $39.3 million;

New  bookings  (also  referred  to  as  orders)  of  $445.5  million,  resulting  in  an  annual  book-to-bill  ratio  of  0.92x  (a 
measure defined as bookings divided by net sales);

Backlog of $618.1 million as of July 31, 2022, compared to $658.9 million as of July 31, 2021 and $602.3 million as 
of April 30, 2022;

Revenue visibility of approximately $1.1 billion. We measure this revenue visibility as the sum of our $618.1 million 
backlog, plus the total unfunded value of certain multi-year contracts that we have received and from which we expect 
future orders; and

Cash flows provided by operating activities of $2.0 million. Excluding $15.9 million in aggregate payments for our 
CEO transition and settled proxy contest, cash flows provided by operating activities would have been $17.9 million;

Non-GAAP financial measures discussed above are reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in the 
table  included  in  the  below  section  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021."

In August 2022, we announced that Ken Peterman was appointed President and CEO. Prior to such appointment, in May 2022, 
Mr.  Peterman  joined  our  Board  of  Directors  as  Chairman.  With  over  forty  years  in  the  defense  sector,  Mr.  Peterman’s 
significant  experience  in  satellite  technology  and  decades  of  experience  with  U.S.  government  contracting  is  expected  to 
enhance our efforts to continually improve commercial success and shareholder value. 

Also, we progressed on our initiative to enhance our leadership team, welcoming Don Bach as our first ever Vice President of 
Procurement. In light of ongoing global supply chain disruptions, part shortages and extended lead times for components, Mr. 
Bach’s immediate focus is expected to be on optimizing the end-to-end management of our consolidated inventories, including 
efforts to enhance our buying power across the various product areas. We also appointed Anirban Chakraborty as our first ever 
Chief Growth Officer. Mr. Chakraborty has been with Comtech for four years, most recently serving as Senior Vice President 
of Strategy and Business Development within the Trusted Location and Messaging Solutions product area. Mr. Chakraborty is 
expected  to  focus  on  growth  initiatives  by  seeking  meaningful  ways  to  deploy  our  cutting  edge  technological  innovations  in 
new market areas, as well as fostering centers of engineering excellence across Comtech.

During the fourth quarter, we continued to execute on our plans to deploy the proceeds of our $100.0 million strategic growth 
investment  and  continued  to  solidify  our  position  as  a  leading  solutions  provider  in  our  two  key  end-markets:  Satellite  and 
Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks. We believe both are at the beginning of a long-term investment 
and upgrade cycle, and the demand environment for our products, despite the headwinds discussed below, remains strong. 

Considering these trends in our end-markets, we pressed forward during the most recent quarter on our investments in capital 
equipment  and  building  improvements  in  connection  with  the  opening  of  a  new  146,000  square-foot  facility  in  Chandler, 
Arizona,  and  the  establishment  of  a  56,000  square-foot  facility  in  Basingstoke,  United  Kingdom.  Although  COVID-19  and 
supply chain issues have extended our original build-out schedules, particularly as it relates to our Chandler, Arizona facility, 
both manufacturing centers are expected to support production of next-generation broadband satellite technology and should be 
fully operational in fiscal 2023.

58

Our business continues to face near-term challenges and continued uncertainties, as the repercussions of the military conflict 
between Russia and Ukraine remain significant. For Comtech, the conflict is directly impacting near-term elements of our sales 
pipelines.  Certain  customers  have  paused  procurement  and  deployment  of  satellite  and  troposcatter  communication  systems, 
and  instead  are  purchasing  war-fighting  equipment.  The  U.S.  defense  budget,  and  defense  budgets  worldwide,  are  being 
adjusted in real-time to reflect the priorities of war and changing European geopolitics. Anticipated funding for other expected 
orders,  including  for  our  satellite  and  space  communication  products,  has  been  shifted  to  other  programs  and/or  temporarily 
delayed as a result of changes in defense spending priorities. 

For example, in May 2022, the U.S. authorized a $40.0 billion military and humanitarian aid package for Ukraine. While there 
are portions of this spending package that we could expect to benefit from in the future, such as financial support for Ukraine’s 
military  and  expanded  U.S.  military  operations  in  Europe,  we  do  not  expect  such  spending  for  our  communications  related 
products and services to be immediate. Nonetheless, at the request of the Ukrainian government, in our third quarter of fiscal 
2022,  we  donated  multiple  COMET™  troposcatter  systems  to  support  Ukraine’s  urgent  need  for  secure,  reliable 
communications. Shortly thereafter, as announced in September 2022, we were awarded a funded order to supply the Ukrainian 
government with additional systems. We expect related deliveries to occur in the first half of fiscal 2023. 

In late May 2022, at the request of the U.S. Army, we conducted in-field demonstrations of our troposcatter solutions (including 
the  COMET™)  for  both  U.S.  and  NATO  allied  government  customers.  These  demonstrations  consisted  of  end-to-end  data 
communications links, showcasing small, medium and large troposcatter terminals. While it is always difficult to predict the 
timing and amount of future orders, we feel confident that Comtech is well-positioned to participate in the uptick in demand, as 
conflict and uncertainties present new opportunities for the types of communications solutions we provide. 

As  we  enter  fiscal  2023,  business  conditions  have  become  more  challenging,  and  the  operating  environment  is  largely 
unpredictable,  especially  now  with  increasing  news  reports  of  inflation,  interest  rate  hikes  and  a  potential  global  recession. 
There also continues to be order and production delays, disruptions in component availability, increased pricing both for labor 
and parts, lower levels of factory utilization and higher logistics and operational costs. 

As  the  business  environment  relates  to  our  operations  in  Russia,  we  are  continuing  to  shift  certain  commercial  software 
development  and  related  support  activities  conducted  in  our  Russian  office  to  locations  outside  of  the  country.  While  we 
continue  to  seek  and  implement  initiatives  to  lower  such  costs,  our  Business  Outlook  for  Fiscal  2023  reflects  additional 
expenses associated with shifting these development resources.

In light of these business conditions and resulting challenges, for our first quarter of fiscal 2023, we are targeting consolidated 
net sales to increase between 1.0% and 3.0%, sequentially, and for our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin to approximate 
8.0%. 

On September 29, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 18, 
2022 to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 19, 2022. Future common stock dividends remain subject to 
compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval and certain voting rights of holders of 
our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Additional information related to our Business Outlook for Fiscal 2023 and a definition and explanation of Adjusted EBITDA 
is  included  in  the  below  section  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of 
Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021." 

Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021 

Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $486.2 million and $581.7 million for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a 
decrease  of  $95.5  million,  or  16.4%.  The  period-over-period  decrease  in  net  sales  primarily  reflects  lower  net  sales  in  our 
Satellite and Space Communications segment. Net sales by operating segment are discussed below.

Satellite and Space Communications
Net  sales  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  were  $279.7  million  for  fiscal  2022  as  compared  to  $374.9 
million for fiscal 2021, a decrease of $95.2 million, or 25.4%. Our Satellite and Space Communications segment represented 
57.5% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 as compared to 64.4% for fiscal 2021. Our book-to-bill ratio (a measure defined 
as  bookings  divided  by  net  sales)  in  this  segment  for  fiscal  2022  was  1.01x.  Period-to-period  fluctuations  in  bookings  are 
normal for this segment.

59

Fiscal 2022 net sales primarily reflect significantly lower sales of our global field support services, advanced VSAT products 
and other programs to the U.S. Army, as well as of our satellite ground station technologies, partially offset by higher sales of 
our  satellite-based  mobile  communications  and  tracking  systems  and  high-reliability  EEE  satellite-based  space  components. 
Fiscal 2021 net sales included revenue related to our performance on our 10-year, $211.0 million IDIQ contract awarded to us 
by a prime contractor to provide next-generation troposcatter systems in support of the U.S. Marine Corps. There were nominal 
corresponding sales in fiscal 2022.  

In aggregate, net sales for our Satellite and Space Communications segment were anticipated to be significantly lower than the 
amount we achieved in fiscal 2021. As discussed in our Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on June 8, 2021, our revenues in fiscal 
2022  were  expected  to  decline  due  to  the  U.S.  government’s  decision  to  fully  withdraw  troops  from  Afghanistan  and  make 
certain program changes. In addition, as a direct result of the Russia/Ukraine military conflict, we no longer expected to receive 
and ship orders to Ukraine in fiscal 2022. That customer has an immediate need for wireless communication services but had 
redirected  procurement  dollars  to  war-fighting  equipment.  However,  as  announced  in  September  2022,  we  were  awarded  a 
funded order to supply the Ukrainian government with troposcatter systems that we expect to deliver in the first half of fiscal 
2023.

The  lower  sales  of  our  satellite  ground  station  technologies  primarily  reflects  the  timing  of  receipt  of,  and  performance  on, 
orders related to our U.S. government and international customers. Our results for fiscal 2022 and 2021 include nominal sales 
from  our  TDMA  satellite  networking  technologies  acquired  on  March  2,  2021.  Our  satellite  ground  station  product  line  has 
been  impacted  by  overall  challenging  business  conditions,  including  the  COVID-19  pandemic's  effect  on  customer  demand, 
particularly in international markets, which historically represents a large majority of end-users for this product line. Although 
our backlog of our satellite ground station products has increased during fiscal 2022, lead times for components are impacting 
the  timing  of  shipments.  We  continue  to  monitor  our  inventory  needs  and  navigate  supply  chain  constraints  which  are 
impacting the timing of new orders, deliveries and installations. In addition, we do not expect to make any new sales to Russian 
customers at this time.

Bookings, sales and profitability in our Satellite and Space Communications segment can fluctuate dramatically from period-to-
period  due  to  many  factors,  including  unpredictable  funding,  deployment  and  technology  decisions  by  our  U.S.  and 
international government customers, and changes in the general business environment. As such, period-to-period comparisons 
of our results may not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks
Net sales in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment were $206.5 million for fiscal 2022, as compared to $206.8 million 
for  fiscal  2021,  a  decrease  of  $0.3  million,  or  0.1%,  reflecting  slightly  higher  sales  of  our  trusted  location  and  messaging 
solutions and cyber security training services, offset by slightly lower sales of our 911 call routing services. Our Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks segment represented 42.5% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 as compared to 35.6% for fiscal 2021. 
Our  book-to-bill  ratio  (a  measure  defined  as  bookings  divided  by  net  sales)  for  this  segment  was  0.79x.  Period-to-period 
fluctuations in bookings are normal for this segment.

Bookings, sales and profitability in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment can fluctuate from period-to-period due to 
many factors, including changes in the general business environment. As such, period-to-period comparisons of our results may 
not be indicative of a trend or future performance.

Geography and Customer Type
Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related sales, for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 are as 
follows:

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

International
Total

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022
2021
Satellite and Space 
Communications

2022

2021

2022

2021

Terrestrial and Wireless 
Networks

Consolidated

 45.6 %
 18.0 %
 63.6 %

 52.8 %
 15.3 %
 68.1 %

 2.4 %
 88.1 %
 90.5 %

 1.4 %
 89.2 %
 90.6 %

 27.2 %
 47.8 %
 75.0 %

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.4 %
 100.0 %

 31.9 %
 100.0 %

 9.5 %
 100.0 %

 9.4 %
 100.0 %

 25.0 %
 100.0 %

 23.9 %
 100.0 %

60

 
 
Sales  to  U.S.  government  customers  include  sales  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD"),  intelligence  and  civilian 
agencies, as well as sales directly to or through prime contractors.

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic 
sales are sales to Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon"), which accounted for 11.1% and 10.7% of consolidated net sales 
for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

International sales for fiscal 2022 and 2021 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are 
sold  to  international  customers)  were  $121.4  million  and  $138.9  million,  respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.,  no  individual 
country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to a foreign country) represented 
more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and 2021.

Gross  Profit.  Gross  profit  was  $179.8  million  and  $214.0  million  for  fiscal  2022  and  2021,  respectively.  Gross  profit,  as  a 
percentage of consolidated net sales, for fiscal 2022 was 37.0% as compared to 36.8% for fiscal 2021. During fiscal 2022, we 
recorded a $2.5 million benefit to cost of sales as we reduced a warranty accrual due to lower than expected warranty claims in 
our NG-911 product line. During fiscal 2021, we recorded a $2.0 million benefit to cost of sales in our Unallocated segment 
related to a refund of historical excise tax paid. Excluding such items, gross profit, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for 
fiscal 2022 and 2021 was 36.5% and 36.4%, respectively. Gross profit during the most recent period reflects the impact of an 
overall favorable product mix and a lower provision for warranty obligations during fiscal 2022 in light of the reduced level of 
sales activity during the period, offset in part by lower consolidated net sales. Our gross profit in both periods also reflects start-
up  costs  associated  with  the  opening  of  our  new  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  centers,  as  well  as  increased  costs 
resulting  from  the  ongoing  impacts  of  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  inflationary  pressures.  Gross  profit,  as  a  percentage  of 
related segment net sales, is further discussed below.

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment's gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, for fiscal 2022 
decreased  in  comparison  to  fiscal  2021.  The  decrease  in  gross  profit  percentage  primarily  reflects  changes  in  products  and 
services  mix,  as  well  as  lower  levels  of  factory  utilization  and  higher  logistics  and  operational  costs  resulting  from  global 
supply  chain  constraints.  Also,  during  fiscal  2022  and  2021,  we  incurred  $1.1  million  and  $1.0  million,  respectively,  of 
incremental  operating  costs  related  to  our  antenna  facility  in  the  United  Kingdom  due  to  the  impact  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic.  Although  operations  in  the  United  Kingdom  have  largely  resumed,  we  continued  to  experience  lingering  impacts 
from COVID-19 and the related facility shut-down in fiscal 2021. We do not expect to incur similar costs in fiscal 2023.

Our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment's gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, for fiscal 2022 was 
comparable to fiscal 2021. The gross profit percentage in fiscal 2022 primarily reflects changes in products and services mix, 
and lower than expected warranty claims, as discussed above.

Included in consolidated cost of sales for both fiscal 2022 and 2021 are provisions for excess and obsolete inventory of $4.4 
million. As discussed in "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - 
Critical Accounting Policies - Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory," we regularly review our inventory and record a 
provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and projected usage trends.

Our consolidated gross profit, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, depends on the volume of sales, sales mix and related 
gross profit for each segment, and therefore is inherently difficult to forecast.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $114.9 million and $111.8 
million  for  fiscal  2022  and  2021,  respectively.  As  a  percentage  of  consolidated  net  sales,  selling,  general  and  administrative 
expenses were 23.6% and 19.2% for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively.

During fiscal 2022 and 2021, we incurred $6.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of restructuring costs to streamline our 
operations, including costs related to the ongoing relocation of certain of our satellite ground station production facilities to a 
new 146,000 square foot facility in Chandler, Arizona. In addition, we received $3.1 million of legal expense recoveries from 
insurance  in  fiscal  2021.  Excluding  such  items,  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  for  fiscal  2022  and  2021  would 
have been $108.9 million or 22.4% and $112.1 million or 19.3%, respectively, of consolidated net sales. The increase in our 
selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, is primarily due to lower consolidated 
net sales. Our selling, general and administrative expenses in the most recent period also reflect higher labor costs associated 
with  a  tight  global  labor  market,  increased  investments  in  marketing,  including  new  social  media  activities  and  other 
investments we are making to achieve our long term business goals. Such spending is expected to continue during fiscal 2023.

61

Amortization of stock-based compensation expenses recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses was $6.3 million 
in fiscal 2022 as compared to $8.1 million in fiscal 2021. Such amortization for fiscal 2022 includes $0.8 million related to the 
retirement,  in  December  2021,  of  three,  long-standing  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors.  Amortization  of  stock-based 
compensation is not allocated to our two reportable operating segments.

Research  and  Development  Expenses.  Research  and  development  expenses  were  $52.5  million  and  $49.1  million  for  fiscal 
2022  and  2021,  respectively,  representing  an  increase  of  $3.4  million,  or  6.9%.  As  a  percentage  of  consolidated  net  sales, 
research and development expenses were 10.8% and 8.4% for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For fiscal 2022 and 2021, research and development expenses of $26.5 million and $28.0 million, respectively, related to our 
Satellite and Space Communications segment, and $25.2 million and $20.1 million, respectively, related to our Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks segment. The remaining research and development expenses of $0.8 million and $1.0 million in fiscal 2022 
and 2021, respectively, related to the amortization of stock-based compensation expense.

During  fiscal  2022  and  2021,  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  incurred  $1.2  million  and  $0.3  million, 
respectively, of strategic emerging technology costs for next-generation satellite technology to advance our solutions offerings 
to  be  used  with  new  broadband  satellite  constellations.  As  we  have  stated  in  the  past,  we  are  evaluating  this  new  market  in 
relation to our long-term business strategies, and we may incur additional costs in the future.

Whenever  possible,  we  seek  customer  funding  for  research  and  development  to  adapt  our  products  to  specialized  customer 
requirements. During fiscal 2022 and 2021, customers reimbursed us $9.8 million and $13.6 million, respectively, which is not 
reflected in the reported research and development expenses but is included in net sales with the related costs included in cost of 
sales.

Amortization  of  Intangibles.  Amortization  relating  to  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  was  $21.4  million  (of  which  $7.3 
million  was  for  the  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  and  $14.1  million  was  for  the  Terrestrial  and  Wireless 
Networks segment) for fiscal 2022 and $21.0 million (of which $5.7 million was for the Satellite and Space Communications 
segment and $15.3 million was for the Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment) for fiscal 2021.

Proxy Solicitation Costs. During fiscal 2022, we incurred $11.2 million of proxy solicitation costs (including legal and advisory 
fees and costs associated with a related lawsuit) in our Unallocated segment as a result of a now-settled proxy contest initiated 
by a shareholder during the first quarter of fiscal 2022. There were no similar costs in the prior year. During our first quarter of 
fiscal 2022, we entered into a Cooperation Agreement with such shareholder. 

CEO  Transition  Costs.  On  December  31,  2021,  our  Board  of  Directors  appointed  Mr.  Porcelain  as  CEO.  Prior  to  that,  Mr. 
Porcelain served as our President and COO. Transition costs related to our former CEO, Mr. Kornberg, were $13.6 million and 
all expensed in our Unallocated segment during fiscal 2022. Of such amount, $10.3 million related to Mr. Kornberg's severance 
payments  and  benefits  upon  termination  of  his  employment;  the  remainder  related  to  Mr.  Kornberg  agreeing  to  serve  as  a 
Senior Technology Advisor for a minimum of two years. There were no similar costs in the prior year. 

On August 9, 2022, subsequent to year end, our Board of Directors appointed our Chairman of the Board, Mr. Peterman, as 
President  and  CEO.  Transition  costs  related  to  our  former  President  and  CEO,  Mr.  Porcelain,  pursuant  to  his  separation 
agreement with the Company, were $7.4 million, of which $3.8 million related to the acceleration of unamortized stock based 
compensation, with the remaining $3.6 million related to his severance payments and benefits upon termination of employment. 
The  cash  portion  of  the  transition  costs  of  $3.6  million  is  expected  to  be  paid  to  Mr.  Porcelain  in  October  2022.  Also,  in 
connection with Mr. Peterman entering into an employment agreement with the Company, effective as of August 9, 2022, we 
incurred a $1.0 million expense related to a cash sign-on bonus. CEO transition costs related to Mr. Porcelain and Mr. Peterman 
will be expensed in our Unallocated segment during the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

Acquisition  Plan  Expenses.  During  fiscal  2021,  we  incurred  $100.3  million  of  acquisition  plan  expenses,  of  which  $88.3 
million related to the previously announced litigation and merger termination with Gilat, including $70.0 million paid in cash to 
Gilat.  The  remaining  costs  primarily  related  to  the  acquisition  of  TDMA  satellite  networking  technologies  and  GD  NG-911 
acquisition-related litigation. These expenses are primarily recorded in our Unallocated segment. There were no similar costs 
incurred during fiscal 2022.

62

Operating (Loss) Income. Operating loss for fiscal 2022 and 2021 was $33.8 million and $68.3 million, respectively. Operating 
income (loss) by reportable segment is shown in the table below:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

($ in millions)

Operating (loss) income
Percentage of related 
net sales

2021

2022
Satellite and Space 
Communications

$ 

(5.7)  $  24.3 

2022

2021
Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks
$  25.2 

$  18.9 

2022

2021

2022

2021

Unallocated

Consolidated

$ 

(47.0)  $  (117.8)  $ 

(33.8)  $ 

(68.3) 

NA

 6.5 %

 9.2 %

 12.2 %

NA

NA

NA

NA

Our GAAP operating loss of $33.8 million for fiscal 2022 reflects: (i) $13.6 million of CEO transition costs; (ii) $11.2 million 
of proxy solicitation costs; (iii) $6.0 million of restructuring costs; (iv) $1.2 million of strategic emerging technology costs; and 
(v) $1.1 million of incremental operating costs due to the lingering impact of COVID-19, as discussed above. Excluding such 
items, our consolidated operating loss for fiscal 2022 would have been $0.7 million. Our GAAP operating loss of $68.3 million 
for fiscal 2021 reflects: (i) $100.3 million of acquisition plan expenses; (ii) $2.8 million of restructuring costs; (iii) $1.0 million 
of incremental operating costs due to the impact of COVID-19; and (iv) $0.3 million of strategic emerging technology costs, as 
discussed above. Excluding such items, our consolidated operating income for fiscal 2021 would have been $36.1 million, or 
6.2% of consolidated net sales. The decrease in operating income from $36.1 million for fiscal 2021 to an operating loss of $0.7 
million  for  fiscal  2022  was  primarily  due  to  lower  consolidated  net  sales,  as  discussed  above.  Operating  income  (loss)  by 
reportable segment is further discussed below.

The  decrease  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  operating  income  for  fiscal  2022  was  driven  primarily  by 
lower  net  sales  and  gross  profit  percentage  and  higher  restructuring  costs  and  amortization  of  intangibles,  partially  offset  by 
lower research and development expenses, as discussed above.

The decrease in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment operating income, both in dollars and as a percentage of the 
related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2022  was  driven  primarily  by  higher  research  and  development  expenses,  as  discussed 
above.

The  decrease  in  unallocated  expenses  for  fiscal  2022  as  compared  to  fiscal  2021  was  primarily  due  to  no  acquisition  plan 
expenses incurred during the most recent fiscal year, partially offset by CEO transition costs and proxy solicitation costs during 
fiscal 2022, as discussed above. Amortization of stock-based compensation was $7.8 million and $10.0 million, respectively, 
for fiscal 2022 and 2021. Stock-based compensation expense for fiscal 2022 includes $0.8 million related to the retirement of 
three,  long-standing  Board  members,  who  retired  in  December  2021.  Our  unallocated  expenses  for  fiscal  2021  also  reflects 
benefits of $3.1 million for legal expense recoveries from insurance and $2.0 million related to a refund of historical excise tax 
paid. Excluding these items in their respective periods, unallocated expense would have been $21.4 million and $21.6 million, 
respectively, for fiscal 2022 and 2021.

GAAP  operating  results  for  fiscal  2023  will  be  impacted  by  start-up  expenses  and  restructuring  costs  associated  with  the 
opening of Comtech’s new high-volume technology manufacturing centers, as well as the expenses associated with the CEO 
change that was announced in August 2022. 

Interest Expense and Other. Interest expense was $5.0 million and $6.8 million for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. Interest 
expense for fiscal 2021 includes $1.2 million of incremental interest expense related to a now terminated financing commitment 
letter. Our effective interest rate (including amortization of deferred financing costs) in fiscal 2022 was approximately 3.4%. 
Our current cash borrowing rate (which excludes the amortization of deferred financing costs) under our existing Credit Facility 
is approximately 5.1%.

Interest (Income) and Other. Interest (income) and other for both fiscal 2022 and 2021 was nominal. All of our available cash 
and  cash  equivalents  are  currently  invested  in  bank  deposits  and  money  market  deposit  accounts  which,  at  this  time,  are 
currently yielding an immaterial interest rate.

Change  in  Fair  Value  of  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  Purchase  Option  Liability.  During  fiscal  2022,  we  recorded  a  $1.0 
million  non-cash  benefit  from  the  remeasurement  of  the  convertible  preferred  stock  purchase  option  liability.  See  "Notes  to 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (15) - Convertible Preferred Stock" for more information. 

63

Benefit from Income Taxes. For fiscal 2022 and 2021, we recorded tax benefits of $4.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. 
Our effective tax rate (excluding discrete tax items) for fiscal 2022 was 28.0%, as compared to a nominal effective tax rate for 
fiscal 2021. The increase was primarily due to expected product and geographical mix changes in fiscal 2022. 

For  purposes  of  determining  our  28.0%  annual  effective  tax  rate  for  fiscal  2022,  CEO  transition  costs  and  proxy  solicitation 
costs are considered significant, unusual or infrequently occurring discrete tax items and are excluded from the computation of 
our effective tax rate. 

During fiscal 2022, we recorded a net discrete tax benefit of $0.6 million, primarily related to the deductible portion of CEO 
transition costs and proxy solicitation costs. These benefits were partially offset by the establishment of a valuation allowance 
on certain foreign related net deferred tax assets and the settlement of certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2022. During 
fiscal  2021,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.6  million,  primarily  related  to  the  release  of  valuation  allowances 
previously established on certain foreign related deferred tax assets, the finalization of certain tax accounts in connection with 
the filing of our fiscal 2020 federal, state and foreign income tax returns and the settlement of certain stock-based awards during 
fiscal 2021.

Our  U.S  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2019  through  2021  are  subject  to  potential  future  IRS  audit.  None  of  our  state 
income tax returns prior to fiscal 2018 are subject to audit. Future tax assessments or settlements could have a material adverse 
effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders. During fiscal 2022 and 2021, consolidated net loss attributable to common 
stockholders was $43.3 million and $73.5 million, respectively. 

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and as a percentage of related net sales) for both fiscal 2022 and 2021 
are shown in the table below (numbers in the table may not foot due to rounding):

($ in millions)

Net (loss) income
(Benefit from) provision for income 

taxes

Interest (income) and other

Change in fair value of 
    convertible preferred stock
    option liability
Interest expense

Amortization of stock-based 
compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation
Amortization of cost to fulfill assets

CEO transition costs

Proxy solicitation costs

Restructuring costs
Strategic emerging technology costs

COVID-19 related costs

Acquisition plan expenses

Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022

2021
Satellite and 
Space 
Communications

2021
2022
Terrestrial and 
Wireless 
Networks

2022

2021

2022

2021

Unallocated

Consolidated

$ (3.9) 

  24.4 

  18.8 

  24.4 

(48.0)    (122.2)  $ (33.1) 

 (73.5) 

  (1.1) 

  (0.4) 

  (0.8) 

  0.2 

  — 

  0.1 

  0.8 

  — 

(2.9)   

(1.9)    (4.0) 

  (1.5) 

  — 

(0.4)    (0.7) 

  (0.1) 

  — 
  0.1 

  — 

  7.3 

  4.0 
  0.5 

  — 

  — 

  5.7 
  1.2 

  1.1 

  — 

$ 14.1 

  — 
  0.1 

  — 

  5.7 

  3.7 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  2.8 
  0.3 

  1.0 

  — 

  37.8 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  14.1 

  6.1 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  39.1 

  — 
  — 

  — 

  15.3 

  5.3 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 
  — 

  — 

(1.0)    — 
6.8 
4.9 

  (1.0) 
  5.0 

  — 
  6.8 

7.8 

10.0 

  7.8 

  — 

  — 

  21.4 

0.2 
  — 

0.3 
  — 

  10.3 
  0.5 

13.6 

  — 

  13.6 

11.2 

  — 

  11.2 

0.3 
  — 

  — 
  — 

  6.0 
  1.2 

  — 

  — 

  1.1 

  10.0 

  21.0 

  9.4 
  — 

  — 

  — 

  2.8 
  0.3 

  1.0 

 100.3 

  76.5 

  (1.1) 

  — 

  101.3 

  — 

  44.8 

(13.9)   

(6.1)  $ 39.3 

Percentage of related net sales

 5.0 %  10.1 %  18.9 %  21.7 %

NA

NA

 8.1 %  13.2 %

The decrease in consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for fiscal 2022 as 
compared to fiscal 2021 is primarily attributable to lower consolidated net sales, as discussed above. 

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The decrease in our Satellite and Space Communications segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of 
related segment net sales, was driven primarily by lower net sales and gross profit percentage, partially offset by lower research 
and development expenses, as discussed above.

The  decrease  in  our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment's  Adjusted  EBITDA,  both  in  dollars  and  as  a  percentage  of 
related segment net sales, was driven primarily by higher research and development expenses, as discussed above. 

Because our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, depends on the volume of sales, sales 
mix and related gross profit for each segment as well as unallocated spending, it is inherently difficult to forecast. 

Reconciliations of our GAAP consolidated operating (loss) income, net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders and 
net (loss) income per diluted common share for fiscal 2022 and 2021 to the corresponding Non-GAAP measures are shown in 
the  tables  below  (numbers  and  per  share  amounts  in  the  table  may  not  foot  due  to  rounding).  Non-GAAP  net  (loss)  income 
attributable to common stockholders and net (loss) income per diluted common share reflect Non-GAAP provisions for income 
taxes based on full year results, as adjusted for the Non-GAAP reconciling items included in the tables below. We evaluate our 
Non-GAAP  effective  income  tax  rate  on  an  ongoing  basis,  and  it  can  change  from  time  to  time.  Our  Non-GAAP  effective 
income tax rate can differ materially from our GAAP effective income tax rate. In addition, due to the GAAP net loss for the 
period, Non-GAAP EPS for fiscal 2021 was computed using 25,885,000 weighted average diluted shares outstanding during 
the period.

($ in millions, except for per share amounts)

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Adjustments to reflect redemption value of convertible preferred stock

CEO transition costs

Proxy solicitation costs

Restructuring costs

Strategic emerging technology costs

COVID-19 related costs
Change in fair value of convertible preferred stock purchase option
    liability

    Net discrete tax expense
Non-GAAP measures

($ in millions, except for per share amounts)
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Acquisition plan expenses

    Restructuring costs

    COVID-19 related costs

    Strategic emerging technology costs

    Interest expense

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

65

Fiscal 2022
Net Loss 
Attributable 
to Common 
Stockholders

Net Loss per
Diluted 
Common Share

Operating 
Loss

$ (33.8) 

  — 

  13.6 

  11.2 

6.0 

1.2 

1.1 

  — 

  — 

$ (43.3) 

$ 

(1.63) 

  10.2 

  13.0 

8.7 

4.6 

0.9 

0.8 

(1.0) 

2.6 

0.39 

0.49 

0.33 

0.17 

0.03 

0.03 

(0.04) 

0.10 

$  (0.7) 

$  (3.5) 

$ 

(0.13) 

Operating 
(Loss) 
Income

Fiscal 2021

Net (Loss) 
Income

Net (Loss) 
Income per
Diluted Share

$ (68.3) 

  100.3 

2.8 

1.0 

0.3 

  — 

  — 

$  36.1 

$ (73.5) 

  93.3 

2.1 

0.8 

0.3 

0.9 

$ 

(2.86) 

3.60 

0.08 

0.03 

0.01 

0.04 

(1.6) 

(0.06) 

$  22.4 

$ 

0.86 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  Non-GAAP  measure  that  represents  earnings  (loss)  before  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and 
other,  change  in  fair  value  of  the  convertible  preferred  stock  purchase  option  liability,  write-off  of  deferred  financing  costs, 
interest expense, amortization of stock-based compensation, amortization of intangibles, depreciation expense, amortization of 
cost to fulfill assets, estimated contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition plan expenses, 
restructuring  costs,  COVID-19  related  costs,  strategic  emerging  technology  costs  (for  next-generation  satellite  technology), 
facility  exit  costs,  CEO  transition  costs,  proxy  solicitation  costs,  strategic  alternatives  analysis  expenses  and  other.  Our 
definition of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from the definition of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and 
therefore may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is also a measure 
frequently requested by our investors and analysts. We believe that investors and analysts may use Adjusted EBITDA, along 
with other information contained in our SEC filings, in assessing our performance and comparability of our results with other 
companies. Our Non-GAAP measures reflect the GAAP measures as reported, adjusted for certain items as described herein 
and also excludes the effects of our outstanding convertible preferred stock. 

These Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool as they exclude the financial impact of transactions 
necessary to conduct our business, such as the granting of equity compensation awards, and are not intended to be an alternative 
to  financial  measures  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP.  These  measures  are  adjusted  as  described  in  the  reconciliation  of 
GAAP to Non-GAAP in the tables presented herein, but these adjustments should not be construed as an inference that all of 
these  adjustments  or  costs  are  unusual,  infrequent  or  non-recurring.  Non-GAAP  financial  measures  should  be  considered  in 
addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Investors are 
advised  to  carefully  review  the  GAAP  financial  results  that  are  disclosed  in  our  SEC  filings.  We  have  not  quantitatively 
reconciled our Q1 fiscal 2023 Adjusted EBITDA target to the most directly comparable GAAP measure because items such as 
adjustments to the provision for income taxes, and interest expense, which are specific items that impact these measures, have 
not yet occurred, are out of our control, or cannot be predicted. Accordingly, reconciliations to the Non-GAAP forward looking 
metrics  are  not  available  without  unreasonable  effort  and  such  unavailable  reconciling  items  could  significantly  impact  our 
financial results. 

Comparison of Fiscal 2021 and 2020 

Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $581.7 million and $616.7 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a 
decrease  of  $35.0  million,  or  5.7%.  The  decrease  in  net  sales  primarily  reflects  lower  net  sales  in  our  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications segment. Net sales by operating segment are discussed below.

Satellite and Space Communications
Net  sales  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  were  $374.9  million  for  fiscal  2021  as  compared  to  $411.1 
million  for  fiscal  2020,  a  decrease  of  $36.2  million  or  8.8%.  Our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  represented 
64.4% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021 as compared to 66.7% for fiscal 2020. Our book-to-bill ratio (a measure defined 
as  bookings  divided  by  net  sales)  in  this  segment  for  fiscal  2021  was  0.91x.  Period-to-period  fluctuations  in  bookings  are 
normal for this segment.

Fiscal 2021 net sales in this segment primarily reflect lower sales of global field support services, advanced VSAT products and 
other programs for the U.S. Army. Such increase was offset in part by higher sales of our high reliability Electrical, Electronic 
and Electromechanical ("EEE") satellite-based space components (including incremental sales of X/Y antenna products that we 
now  offer  as  a  result  of  our  January  2020  acquisition  of  CGC),  performance  on  our  10-year,  $211.0  million  IDIQ  contract 
awarded to us by a prime contractor to provide next-generation troposcatter systems in support of the U.S. Marine Corps and a 
nominal  amount  of  sales  related  to  our  acquisition  of  UHP  Networks  Inc.  ("UHP")  on  March  2,  2021,  which  extended  our 
product offerings to include TDMA satellite modems.

Terrestrial and Wireless Networks
Net sales in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment were $206.8 million for fiscal 2021, as compared to $205.6 million 
for  fiscal  2020,  an  increase  of  $1.2  million,  or  0.6%.  Our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment  represented  35.6%  of 
consolidated  net  sales  for  fiscal  2021  as  compared  to  33.3%  for  fiscal  2020.  Our  book-to-bill  ratio  (a  measure  defined  as 
bookings divided by net sales) in this segment for fiscal 2021 was 1.37x. Period-to-period fluctuations in bookings are normal 
for this segment. 

Net sales in fiscal 2021 reflect increased sales of our trusted location and messaging solutions, offset in part by the absence of 
911 wireless call routing sales to AT&T.

66

During  fiscal  2021,  we  were  awarded  several  important  statewide  NG-911  contracts  and  our  strong  momentum  was 
acknowledged by Frost & Sullivan, who recognized Comtech for registering the most significant year-over-year market share 
increase among all NG-911 primary contract holders, growing our market share from an estimated 17.3% in 2019 to 26.2% in 
2020, as calculated by Frost & Sullivan. 

Geography and Customer Type
Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of related sales, for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 are as 
follows:

U.S. government
Domestic
Total U.S.

International
Total

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2020
2021
Satellite and Space 
Communications

2021

2020

2021

2020

Terrestrial and Wireless 
Networks

Consolidated

 52.8 %
 15.3 %
 68.1 %

 53.7 %
 15.2 %
 68.9 %

 1.4 %
 89.2 %
 90.6 %

 1.2 %
 90.3 %
 91.5 %

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

 31.9 %
 100.0 %

 31.1 %
 100.0 %

 9.4 %
 100.0 %

 8.5 %
 100.0 %

 23.9 %
 100.0 %

 23.5 %
 100.0 %

Sales to U.S. government customers include sales to the DoD, intelligence and civilian agencies, as well as sales directly to or 
through prime contractors.

Domestic  sales  include  sales  to  commercial  customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic 
sales are sales to Verizon, which accounted for 10.7% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021. Except for the U.S. government, 
there were no customers that represented more than 10.0% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2020.

International sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020 (which include sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are 
sold  to  international  customers)  were  $138.9  million  and  $145.1  million,  respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.,  no  individual 
country (including sales to U.S. domestic companies for inclusion in products that are sold to a foreign country) represented 
more than 10% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020.

Gross Profit. Gross profit was $214.0 million and $226.8 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease of $12.8 
million primarily reflects the decline in consolidated net sales, as discussed above. Gross profit as a percentage of consolidated 
net sales was 36.8% for both fiscal periods. Our gross profit in fiscal 2021 reflects a higher percentage of consolidated net sales 
generated from our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment, offset by increased costs due to production delays, supply chain 
disruptions,  lower  levels  of  factory  utilization  and  higher  logistics  and  operational  costs  resulting  from  the  COVID-19 
pandemic.  In  addition,  our  gross  profit  reflects  start-up  costs  associated  with  the  opening  of  our  two  new  high-volume 
technology  manufacturing  centers.  Our  gross  profit  for  fiscal  2021  also  reflects  a  $2.0  million  benefit  from  the  refund  of 
historical excise tax paid, which was recorded in our Unallocated segment. Gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net 
sales, is further discussed below. 

Our Satellite and Space Communications segment's gross profit, as a percentage of related segment net sales, for fiscal 2021 
increased  in  comparison  to  fiscal  2020  primarily  reflecting  changes  in  products  and  services  mix,  as  discussed  above.  Also, 
during fiscal 2021, we incurred $1.0 million of incremental operating costs for our antenna facility in the United Kingdom due 
to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment's  gross  profit,  as  a  percentage  of  related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021 
decreased  in  comparison  to  fiscal  2020  primarily  reflecting  changes  in  products  and  services  mix,  including  the  cessation  of 
sales to AT&T for 911 wireless call routing services and an increase in sales related to a recently awarded statewide NG-911 
deployment (which has lower margins than our 911 wireless call routing services).

Included in consolidated cost of sales for fiscal 2021 and 2020 are provisions for excess and obsolete inventory of $4.4 million 
and  $1.6  million,  respectively.  As  discussed  in  "Item  7.  Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and 
Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies - Provisions for Excess and Obsolete Inventory," we regularly review our 
inventory and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and projected usage trends.

67

 
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $111.8 million and $117.1 
million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing a decrease of $5.3 million, or 4.5%. As a percentage of consolidated 
net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses were 19.2% and 19.0% for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In fiscal 2021, we incurred $2.8 million of restructuring costs to streamline our operations, including $1.8 million related to the 
ongoing  relocation  of  certain  of  our  satellite  ground  station  production  facilities  to  a  new  146,000  square  foot  facility  in 
Chandler, Arizona, and $1.0 million for the consolidation of certain administrative and operating functions in our troposcatter 
and SATCOM solution product line. In addition, we received $3.1 million of legal expense recoveries from insurance in fiscal 
2021. In fiscal 2020, we incurred estimated contract settlement costs of $0.4 million principally related to the repositioning of 
our trusted location and messaging solutions offerings in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment. Excluding these costs 
in both periods, our selling, general and administrative expenses would have been $112.1 million, or 19.3% of consolidated net 
sales in fiscal 2021 and $116.7 million, or 18.9% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2020. The decrease in our selling, general 
and administrative expenses, in dollars, is largely attributable to the benefit from our efforts to streamline business operations in 
our Satellite and Space Communications segment.

Amortization of stock-based compensation expenses recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses was $8.1 million 
in fiscal 2021 as compared to $7.5 million in fiscal 2020. Amortization of stock-based compensation is not allocated to our two 
reportable operating segments.

Research  and  Development  Expenses.  Research  and  development  expenses  were  $49.1  million  and  $52.2  million  for  fiscal 
2021  and  2020,  respectively,  representing  a  decrease  of  $3.1  million,  or  5.9%.  As  a  percentage  of  consolidated  net  sales, 
research and development expenses were 8.4% and 8.5% for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For fiscal 2021 and 2020, research and development expenses of $28.0 million and $31.0 million, respectively, related to our 
Satellite and Space Communications segment, and $20.1 million and $20.3 million, respectively, related to our Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks segment. The remaining research and development expenses of $1.0 million and $0.9 million in fiscal 2021 
and 2020, respectively, related to the amortization of stock-based compensation expense.

During fiscal 2021, our Satellite and Space Communications segment incurred $0.3 million of strategic emerging technology 
costs  for  next-generation  satellite  technology  to  advance  our  solutions  offerings  to  be  used  with  new  broadband  satellite 
constellations. 

Whenever  possible,  we  seek  customer  funding  for  research  and  development  to  adapt  our  products  to  specialized  customer 
requirements. During fiscal 2021 and 2020, customers reimbursed us $13.6 million and $11.9 million, respectively, which is not 
reflected in the reported research and development expenses but is included in net sales with the related costs included in cost of 
sales.

Amortization  of  Intangibles.  Amortization  relating  to  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  was  $21.0  million  (of  which  $5.7 
million  was  for  the  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  and  $15.3  million  was  for  the  Terrestrial  and  Wireless 
Networks segment) for fiscal 2021 and $21.6 million (of which $5.1 million was for the Satellite and Space Communications 
segment and $16.5 million was for the Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment) for fiscal 2020.

Acquisition Plan Expenses. During fiscal 2021 and 2020, we incurred acquisition plan expenses of $100.3 million and $20.8 
million, respectively. For fiscal 2021, $88.3 million related to the previously announced litigation and merger termination with 
Gilat,  including  $70.0  million  paid  in  cash  to  Gilat.  The  remaining  costs  in  fiscal  2021  primarily  related  to  the  April  2021 
settlement  of  litigation  associated  with  our  2019  acquisition  of  GD  NG-911  as  well  as  the  March  2021  closing  of  our 
acquisition of UHP. These expenses are primarily recorded in our Unallocated segment. 

68

Operating (Loss) Income. Operating loss for fiscal 2021 was $68.3 million as compared to operating income of $15.2 million 
for fiscal 2020. Operating income (loss) by reportable segment is shown in the table below:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

($ in millions)

Operating income (loss)
Percentage of related 
net sales

2020

2021
Satellite and Space 
Communications

$  24.3 

$  25.5 

2021

2020
Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks
$  29.3 

$  25.2 

2021

2020

2021

2020

Unallocated

Consolidated

$  (117.8)  $ 

(39.6)  $ 

(68.3)  $  15.2 

 6.5 %

 6.2 %

 12.2 %

 14.3 %

NA

NA

NA

 2.5 %

The  decrease  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  segment  operating  income,  in  dollars,  for  fiscal  2021  was  driven 
primarily by lower net sales, $2.8 million of restructuring costs and $1.0 million of COVID-19 related costs, partially offset by 
a higher gross profit percentage and lower research and development expenses, as discussed above. 

The decrease in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment operating income, both in dollars and as a percentage of the 
related  segment  net  sales,  for  fiscal  2021  was  driven  primarily  by  a  lower  gross  profit  percentage,  partially  offset  by  lower 
amortization of intangibles, as discussed above.

The increase in unallocated expenses for fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020 is primarily due to acquisition plan expenses, as 
discussed above. Amortization of stock-based compensation was $10.0 million and $9.3 million, respectively, for fiscal 2021 
and 2020.

Excluding  (i)  $100.3  million  of  acquisition  plan  expenses;  (ii)  $2.8  million  of  restructuring  costs;  (iii)  $1.0  million  of 
incremental  operating  costs  due  to  the  impact  of  COVID-19;  and  (iv)  $0.3  million  of  strategic  emerging  technology  costs, 
consolidated  operating  income  for  fiscal  2021  would  have  been  $36.1  million,  or  6.2%  of  consolidated  net  sales.  Excluding 
$20.8  million  of  acquisition  plan  expenses  and  $0.4  million  of  estimated  contract  settlement  costs,  consolidated  operating 
income  for  fiscal  2020  would  have  been  $36.4  million,  or  5.9%  of  consolidated  net  sales.  The  increase,  as  a  percentage  of 
consolidated  net  sales,  was  due  primarily  to  lower  selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  and  lower  research  and 
development expenses, offset in part by lower consolidated net sales, as discussed above.

Interest Expense and Other. Interest expense was $6.8 million and $6.1 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Interest 
expense for fiscal 2021 includes $1.2 million of incremental interest expense related to a now terminated financing commitment 
letter. Excluding the $1.2 million, our effective interest rate (including amortization of deferred financing costs) in fiscal 2021 
was approximately 2.8%. 

Interest (Income) and Other. Interest (income) and other for both fiscal 2021 and 2020 was nominal. 

(Benefit from) Provision for Income Taxes. For fiscal 2021, we recorded a tax benefit of $1.5 million as compared to a tax 
provision of $2.3 million for fiscal 2020. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 (excluding discrete tax items) was nominal, as 
compared  to  37.0%  for  fiscal  2020.  The  decrease  from  37.0%  is  primarily  due  to  the  exclusion  of  the  $70.0  million  of 
acquisition plan expense paid to Gilat during our first quarter of fiscal 2021, as such amount was considered an unusual and 
infrequently occurring item. In addition, given the nature of such item, no financial statement benefit was recorded for the $70.0 
million payment to Gilat.

During  fiscal  2021,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.6  million,  primarily  related  to:  (i)  the  release  of  valuation 
allowances previously established on deferred tax assets of one of our foreign subsidiaries; (ii) the finalization of certain tax 
accounts in connection with the filing of our fiscal 2020 federal, state and foreign income tax returns; and (iii) the settlement of 
certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2021.

During  fiscal  2020,  we  recorded  a  net  discrete  tax  benefit  of  $1.2  million,  primarily  related  to  the  finalization  of  certain  tax 
accounts in connection with the filing of our fiscal 2019 federal and state income tax returns. These benefits were offset, in part, 
by: (i) the remeasurement of certain foreign deferred taxes resulting from the passage of legislation that increased the statutory 
tax rate in the United Kingdom from 17.0% to 19.0%; and (ii) the settlement of certain stock-based awards during fiscal 2020.

Net  (Loss)  Income  Attributable  to  Common  Stockholders.  During  fiscal  2021,  our  consolidated  net  loss  attributable  to 
common stockholders was $73.5 million as compared to net income of $7.0 million during fiscal 2020. 

69

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and as a percentage of related net sales) for both fiscal 2021 and 2020 
are shown in the table below (numbers in the table may not foot due to rounding):

($ in millions)

Net income (loss)
(Benefit from) provision for 

income taxes

Interest (income) and other

Interest expense
Amortization of stock-based 

compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation
Estimated contract settlement 

costs

Acquisition plan expenses

Restructuring costs

COVID-19 related costs
Strategic emerging technology 
costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Unallocated

Consolidated

$ 24.4 

  25.7 

  24.4 

  28.9 

(122.2)   

(47.6)  $ (73.5) 

7.0 

  (0.4) 

  — 

  0.8 

  0.2 

  0.1 

  (0.2) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  0.3 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  16.5 

  5.9 

  — 

  15.3 

  5.3 

  — 

  — 

  (1.1) 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  44.8 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  51.7 

(1.9)   

(0.4)   

6.8 

2.0 

— 

6.0 

(1.5) 

(0.1) 

6.8 

2.3 

(0.2) 

6.1 

10.0 

— 

0.3 

— 

101.3 

— 

— 

— 

9.3 

  10.0 

— 

  21.0 

0.8 

9.4 

— 

  — 

20.0 

  100.3 

— 

— 

— 

2.8 

1.0 

0.3 

(6.1)   

(9.6)  $  76.5 

9.3 

  21.6 

  10.6 

0.4 

  20.8 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  77.8 

  — 

  5.7 

  3.7 

  — 

  — 

  2.8 

  1.0 

  0.3 

$ 37.8 

  — 

  5.1 

  3.9 

  0.4 

  0.8 

  — 

  — 

  — 

  35.7 

Percentage of related net sales

 10.1 %

 8.7 %  21.7 %  25.1 %

NA

NA

 13.2 %

 12.6 %

The increase in consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, for fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 
2020 is primarily attributable to a higher percentage of consolidated net sales in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment, 
as well as lower consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, as discussed 
above. 

The increase in our Satellite and Space Communications segment's Adjusted EBITDA, both in dollars and as a percentage of 
related  segment  net  sales,  was  driven  primarily  by  a  higher  gross  profit  percentage  and  lower  research  and  development 
expenses, as discussed above. 

The  decrease  in  our  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segment's  Adjusted  EBITDA,  both  in  dollars  and  as  a  percentage  of 
related segment net sales, is primarily due to a lower gross profit percentage, as discussed above. 

For  a  definition  and  explanation  of  Adjusted  EBITDA,  see  "Item  7.  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial 
Condition and Results of Operations - Comparison of Fiscal 2022 and 2021 - Adjusted EBITDA."

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliations  of  our  GAAP  consolidated  operating  (loss)  income,  net  (loss)  income  and  net  (loss)  income  per  diluted 
common share for fiscal 2021 and 2020 to the corresponding Non-GAAP measures are shown in the tables below (numbers and 
per share amounts in the table may not foot due to rounding). Non-GAAP net income and net income per diluted common share 
reflect  Non-GAAP  provisions  for  income  taxes  based  on  full  year  results,  as  adjusted  for  the  Non-GAAP  reconciling  items 
included  in  the  tables  below.  We  evaluate  our  Non-GAAP  effective  income  tax  rate  on  an  ongoing  basis,  and  it  can  change 
from time to time. Our Non-GAAP effective income tax rate can differ materially from our GAAP effective income tax rate. In 
addition, due to the GAAP net loss for the period, Non-GAAP EPS for fiscal 2021 was computed using 25,885,000 weighted 
average diluted shares outstanding during the period.

($ in millions, except for per share amounts)

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Acquisition plan expenses

Restructuring costs

COVID-19 related costs

Strategic emerging technology costs

Interest expense

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

($ in millions, except for per share amounts)
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Earnings:
GAAP measures, as reported

    Estimated contract settlement costs

    Acquisition plan expenses

    Net discrete tax benefit
Non-GAAP measures

Fiscal 2021

Operating 
(Loss) 
Income

Net (Loss) 
Income

Net (Loss) Income 
per
Diluted Share

$ (68.3) 

  100.3 

$ (73.5) 

  93.3 

2.8 

1.0 

0.3 

  — 

  — 

$  36.1 

2.1 

0.8 

0.3 

0.9 

(1.6) 

$  22.4 

Fiscal 2020

$ 

(2.86) 

3.60 

0.08 

0.03 

0.01 

0.04 

(0.06) 

$ 

0.86 

Operating 
Income

Net Income

Net Income per
Diluted Share

$  15.2 

0.4 

  20.8 

  — 

$  36.4 

$  7.0 

0.3 

  13.1 

(1.2) 

$  19.2 

$ 

0.28 

0.01 

0.53 

(0.05) 

$ 

0.77 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents were $21.7 million and $30.9 million at July 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For fiscal 2022, 
our cash flows reflect the following:

•

•

•

Net cash provided by operating activities was $2.0 million for fiscal 2022 as compared to net cash used in operating 
activities of $40.6 million for fiscal 2021. During fiscal 2022, we paid $15.9 million in aggregate payments related to 
our  CEO  transition  and  settled  proxy  contest.  Excluding  such  payments,  net  cash  provided  by  operating  activities 
would have been $17.9 million for fiscal 2022. During fiscal 2021, in connection with an agreement to terminate our 
acquisition  of  Gilat,  we  made  a  $70.0  million  payment  to  Gilat.  Excluding  such  payment,  net  cash  provided  by 
operating activities would have been $29.4 million for fiscal 2021. The period-over-period decrease in cash flow from 
operating activities (excluding the $15.9 million and $70.0 million payments) reflects overall changes in net working 
capital requirements, principally the timing of shipments, billings and payments. 

Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2022 and 2021 was $19.6 million and $15.5 million, respectively. Net 
cash  used  during  fiscal  2022  primarily  reflects  capital  expenditures  to  build-out  cloud-based  computer  networks  to 
support our recent NG-911 contract wins and capital investments and building improvements in connection with the 
opening  of  our  new  high-volume  technology  manufacturing  centers.  Net  cash  used  in  both  periods  also  relates  to 
expenditures for property, plant and equipment upgrades and enhancements. 

Net cash provided by financing activities was $8.4 million and $39.1 million for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. 
During fiscal 2022, we received an aggregate of $100.0 million in proceeds related to the issuance of a new series of 
Convertible  Preferred  Stock  to  certain  investors.  During  fiscal  2022,  we  also  made  net  payments  under  our  Credit 
Facility of $71.0 million as compared to net borrowings under our Credit Facility of $51.5 million during fiscal 2021, 
primarily due to the $70.0 million payment we made to Gilat. During fiscal 2022 and 2021, we paid $11.0 million and 
$10.3  million,  respectively,  in  cash  dividends  to  our  common  stockholders.  We  also  made  $6.1  million  and  $2.8 
million of payments to remit employees' statutory tax withholding requirements related to the net settlement of stock-
based awards during fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Credit Facility is discussed below and in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (7) - Credit Facility" included 
in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this Form 10-K.

The  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  is  discussed  below  and  in  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (15)  - 
Convertible Preferred Stock" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this 
Form 10-K.

Our investment policy relating to our cash and cash equivalents is intended to minimize principal loss and maximize the income 
we receive without significantly increasing risk. To minimize risk, we generally invest our cash and cash equivalents in money 
market  mutual  funds  (both  government  and  commercial),  certificates  of  deposit,  bank  deposits,  and  U.S.  Treasury  securities. 
Many of our money market mutual funds invest in direct obligations of the U.S. government, bank securities guaranteed by the 
Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation,  certificates  of  deposit  and  commercial  paper  and  other  securities  issued  by  other 
companies.  While  we  cannot  predict  future  market  conditions  or  market  liquidity,  we  believe  our  investment  policies  are 
appropriate  in  the  current  environment.  Ultimately,  the  availability  of  our  cash  and  cash  equivalents  is  dependent  on  a  well-
functioning liquid market.

In  addition  to  making  capital  investments  for  our  new  high-volume  manufacturing  centers,  we  have  been  making  significant 
capital  expenditures  and  building  out  cloud-based  computer  networks  to  support  our  previously  announced  NG-911  contract 
wins for the states of Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Arizona. We expect capital investments for these and other initiatives to 
continue in fiscal 2023.

As discussed in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (2) - Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." included in "Part 
II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included in this Form 10-K, we completed our acquisition of UHP 
on March 2, 2021, substantially all of which was paid for with shares of our common stock.

72

On July 13, 2022, we filed a $200.0 million shelf registration statement with the SEC for the sale of various types of securities, 
including debt. This new shelf registration statement was declared effective by the SEC as of July 25, 2022 and replaces the 
prior unused $400.0 million shelf registration statement that expired in December 2021.

On September 29, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a new $100.0 million stock repurchase program, which replaced our 
prior program. The new $100.0 million stock repurchase program has no time restrictions and repurchases may be made from 
time to time in open-market or privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. 
There were no repurchases of our common stock during fiscal 2022 and 2021. 

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (16) -"Stockholders' Equity" included in "Part II - 
Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K, on June 9, 2022, our Board of Directors 
declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, which was paid on August 19, 2022. 

On September 29, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per common share, payable on November 18, 
2022 to stockholders of record at the close of business on October 19, 2022. Future common stock dividends remain subject to 
compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval and certain voting rights of holders of 
our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Our  material  cash  requirements  are  for  working  capital,  CEO  transition  costs  expected  to  be  paid  in  October  2022,  capital 
expenditures,  income  tax  payments,  debt  service,  facilities  lease  payments,  dividends  related  to  our  common  stock  and 
dividends related to our Convertible Preferred Stock, which are payable in kind or in cash at our election. 

We have historically met our cash requirements with funds provided by a combination of cash and cash equivalent balances, 
cash generated from operating activities and cash generated from equity and debt financing transactions. In our first quarter of 
fiscal  2022,  we  secured  a  $100.0  million  strategic  growth  investment  to  enhance  our  financial  flexibility  and  strengthen  our 
ability to capitalize on large contract awards and growing customer demand by making crucial investments in our satellite and 
space communications and terrestrial and wireless network solutions. Based on our current revenue visibility, we believe that 
our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, our cash generated from operating activities and amounts potentially available 
under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated cash requirements in the next twelve months and 
beyond.

Our  material  cash  requirements  could  increase  beyond  our  current  expectations  due  to  factors  such  as  general  economic 
conditions,  a  change  in  government  spending  priorities,  or  larger  than  usual  customer  orders.  In  addition,  we  may  choose  to 
raise additional funds through equity and debt financing transactions to provide additional flexibility or to pursue acquisitions. 
Although it is difficult in the current economic and credit environment to predict the terms and conditions of financing that may 
be available in the future, we believe that we would have sufficient access to credit from financial institutions and/or financing 
from public and private debt and equity markets.

Credit Facility
As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (7) - Credit Facility" included in "Part II - Item 8. - 
Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,"  included  in  this  Form  10-K  (which  discussion  is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference), on October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a 
syndicate of lenders.

As of July 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $130.0 million, which is reflected in the non-current 
portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At July 31, 2022, we had $0.6 million of standby letters of credit 
outstanding  under  our  Credit  Facility  related  to  our  guarantees  of  future  performance  on  certain  customer  contracts  and  no 
outstanding  commercial  letters  of  credit.  During  fiscal  2022,  we  had  outstanding  balances  under  the  Credit  Facility  ranging 
from $100.0 million to $212.0 million.

As of July 31, 2022, our Secured Leverage Ratio was 3.50x trailing twelve months ("TTM") Adjusted EBITDA compared to 
the maximum allowable Secured Leverage Ratio of 3.75x TTM Adjusted EBITDA. Our Interest Expense Coverage Ratio as of 
July 31, 2022 was 8.81x TTM Adjusted EBITDA compared to the Minimum Interest Expense Coverage Ratio of 3.25x TTM 
Adjusted EBITDA. Although we expect our Secured Leverage Ratio to remain elevated during the first quarter of fiscal 2023, 
as we make payments to various vendors associated with the build-out of our high-volume technology manufacturing facilities, 
to support our working capital needs for our existing contracts and to make required CEO transition related payments, given our 
overall  expected  business  performance,  we  anticipate  maintaining  compliance  with  the  terms  and  financial  covenants  in  our 
Credit Facility for the foreseeable future.

73

Convertible Preferred Stock
As  discussed  further  in  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (15)  -  Convertible  Preferred  Stock"  included  in 
"Part  II  -  Item  8.  -  Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,"  included  in  this  Form  10-K  (which  discussion  is 
incorporated  herein  by  reference),  on  October  18,  2021,  we  entered  into  a  Subscription  Agreement  (the  “Subscription 
Agreement”) with certain affiliates and related funds of White Hat Capital Partners LP and Magnetar Capital LLC (collectively, 
the “Investors”), relating to the issuance and sale of up to 125,000 shares of a new series of the Company's Series A Convertible 
Preferred Stock, par value $0.10 per share (the "Convertible Preferred Stock"), for an aggregate purchase price of up to $125.0 
million,  or  $1,000  per  share.  On  October  19,  2021  (the  “Initial  Closing  Date”),  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  Subscription 
Agreement, the Investors purchased an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Initial Issuance”) for 
an aggregate purchase price of $100.0 million. 

Commitments
In  the  normal  course  of  business,  other  than  as  discussed  below,  we  routinely  enter  into  binding  and  non-binding  purchase 
obligations primarily covering anticipated purchases of inventory and equipment. We do not expect that these commitments, as 
of  July  31,  2022,  will  materially  adversely  affect  our  liquidity.  At  July  31,  2022,  cash  payments  due  under  contractual 
obligations (including estimated interest expense on our Credit Facility), excluding purchase orders that we entered into in our 
normal course of business, are as follows:

($ in thousands)

Credit Facility - principal payments

Credit Facility - interest payments

Operating and financing lease obligations

Dividends payable

Contractual cash obligations

Total

$ 

130,000 

7,914 

62,596 

2,746 

Due Within 
1 Year

— 

6,341 

9,953 

2,746 

$ 

203,256 

$ 

19,040 

See "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (8) -"Leases" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K, for additional information on our lease commitments.

As  discussed  further  in  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  -  Note  (15)  -  Convertible  Preferred  Stock"  included  in 
"Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K, the holders of the Convertible 
Preferred  Stock  have  the  option  to  redeem  such  shares  for  cash  commencing  in  October  2026.  As  the  Convertible  Preferred 
Stock are not mandatorily redeemable for cash, the redemption value of such shares are not presented in the table above.

In the ordinary course of business, we include indemnification provisions in certain of our customer contracts. Pursuant to these 
agreements,  we  have  agreed  to  indemnify,  hold  harmless  and  reimburse  the  indemnified  party  for  certain  losses  suffered  or 
incurred by the indemnified party, including but not limited to losses related to third-party intellectual property claims. It is not 
possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these agreements due to a history of nominal claims and the unique 
facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. 

As discussed further in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note (12) - Commitments and Contingencies," included 
in  "Part  II  -  Item  8.-  Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,"  included  in  this  Form  10-K  (which  discussion  is 
incorporated herein by reference), we are subject to a number of indemnification demands and we are incurring ongoing legal 
expenses in connection with these matters. Our insurance policies may not cover the cost of defending indemnification claims 
or  providing  indemnification.  As  a  result,  pending  or  future  claims  asserted  against  us  by  a  party  that  we  have  agreed  to 
indemnify  could  result  in  legal  costs  and  damages  that  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

We  have  change  in  control  agreements  with  certain  of  our  executive  officers  and  certain  key  employees.  All  of  these 
agreements  may  require  payments  by  us,  in  certain  circumstances,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  a  change  in  control  of  our 
Company or a termination of the employee. 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As further discussed in "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Note (9) - "Income Taxes " included in "Part II - Item 8. 
-  Financial  Statements  and  Supplementary  Data,"  included  in  this  Form  10-K  (which  discussion  is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference), our Consolidated Balance Sheet at July 31, 2022 includes total liabilities of $10.0 million for uncertain tax positions, 
including interest, any or all of which may result in a cash payment. The future payments related to uncertain tax positions have 
not been presented in the table above due to the uncertainty of the amounts and timing of any potential cash settlement with the 
taxing authorities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We are required to prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board 
("FASB")  Accounting  Standards  Codification  ("ASC")  which  is  the  source  for  all  authoritative  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, which is commonly referred to as "GAAP." The FASB ASC is subject to updates by the FASB, which 
are known as Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). 

As  further  discussed  in  "Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  –  Note  (1)(n)  -  Adoption  of  Accounting  Standards  and 
Updates" included in "Part II - Item 8. - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," included in this Form 10-K, during 
fiscal 2022, we adopted:

• FASB  ASU  No.  2019-12,  which  simplifies  various  aspects  related  to  accounting  for  income  taxes.  ASU  2019-12 
removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to 
improve consistent application. Our adoption of this ASU on August 1, 2021 did not have a material impact on our 
consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

•

•

•

FASB ASU No. 2020-01, which clarifies the interactions between Topics 321, 323 and 815. This ASU clarifies that 
an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of 
accounting  for  the  purposes  of  applying  the  measurement  alternative  in  accordance  with  Topic  321  immediately 
before  applying  or  upon  discontinuing  the  equity  method.  In  addition,  the  amendments  clarify  the  accounting  for 
certain  forward  contracts  and  purchased  options  accounted  for  under  Topic  815.  Our  adoption  of  this  ASU  on 
August 1, 2021 did not impact our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB  ASU  No.  2020-06,  which  simplifies  the  accounting  for  convertible  instruments  by  removing  certain 
separation models (including the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature model) for convertible 
instruments. As a result, for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted 
for as derivatives under Topic 815 or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital, the 
embedded  conversion  features  are  no  longer  separated  from  the  host  contract.  Consequently,  a  convertible  debt 
instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, and convertible preferred stock 
will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost as long as no other features require 
bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. On August 1, 2021, we early adopted this ASU. Our early adoption of this 
ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. 

FASB  ASU  No.  2021-08,  which  requires  that  an  acquirer  recognize,  and  measure  contract  assets  and  contract 
liabilities  acquired  in  a  business  combination  in  accordance  with  Topic  606,  as  if  it  had  originated  the  contracts. 
Prior to this ASU, an acquirer generally recognized contract assets and contract liabilities assumed that arose from 
contracts with customers at fair value on the acquisition date. On August 1, 2021, we early adopted this ASU. Our 
early adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. 

75

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates primarily from borrowings under our 
Credit Facility. Based on the amount of outstanding debt under our Credit Facility, a hypothetical change in interest rates by 
10% would change interest expense by approximately $0.6 million over a one-year period. Although we do not currently use 
interest  rate  derivative  instruments  to  manage  exposure  to  interest  rate  changes,  we  may  choose  to  do  so  in  the  future  in 
connection with our Credit Facility.

Our earnings and cash flows are also subject to fluctuations due to changes in interest rates on our investment of available cash 
balances. As of July 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $21.7 million, which consisted of cash and highly-liquid 
money market deposit accounts. Many of these investments are subject to fluctuations in interest rates, which could impact our 
results. Based on our investment portfolio balance as of July 31, 2022, a hypothetical change in interest rates of 10% would 
have a nominal impact on interest income over a one-year period. Ultimately, the availability of our cash and cash equivalents 
is dependent on a well-functioning liquid market. 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reports  of  Independent  Registered  Public  Accounting  Firm,  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  Notes  to  Consolidated 
Financial Statements and Related Financial Schedule are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule 
annexed hereto and are hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our 
disclosure controls and procedures was carried out by us under the supervision and with the participation of our management, 
including  our  President,  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chairman  and  Chief  Financial  Officer.  Based  on  that  evaluation,  our 
President,  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chairman  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  concluded  that  our  disclosure  controls  and 
procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by the report to provide reasonable assurance that the information 
required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, 
summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated 
to management, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A system of controls, no matter how 
well  designed  and  operated,  cannot  provide  absolute  assurance  that  the  objectives  of  the  system  of  controls  are  met,  and  no 
evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company 
have been detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  defined  in 
Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934.  Our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  a 
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. All internal control systems, no 
matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only 
reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to  financial  statement  preparation  and  presentation.  Also,  projections  of  any  evaluation  of 
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or 
that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management  assessed  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  July  31,  2022.  In  making  this 
assessment,  we  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission 
("COSO")  in  Internal  Control  –  Integrated  Framework  (2013).  Based  on  our  assessment,  we  determined  that,  as  of  July  31, 
2022, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

76

Deloitte  and  Touche  LLP,  our  independent  registered  public  accounting  firm,  has  performed  an  audit  of  our  internal  control 
over financial reporting as of July 31, 2022 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued  by  the  COSO.  This  audit  is  required  to  be  performed  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company 
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our independent auditors were given unrestricted access to all financial records 
and related data. Deloitte’s audit reports appear on pages F-2 and F-3 of this annual report.

Changes In Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under 
the Exchange Act that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably 
likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Not applicable.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

77

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Certain  information  concerning  directors  and  officers  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  our  Proxy  Statement  for  the  Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more 
than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information regarding executive compensation is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information  regarding  securities  authorized  for  issuance  under  equity  compensation  plans  and  certain  information  regarding 
security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which 
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS,
AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information regarding certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which 
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information regarding principal accountant fees and services is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement, which will be 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no more than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year.

78

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)  (1) The Registrant’s financial statements together with a separate index are annexed hereto.

(2) The Financial Statement Schedule listed in a separate index is annexed hereto.
(3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed below.

Exhibit
Number
3(a)(i)

3(a)(ii)

3(a)(iii)

3(a)(iv)

Description of Exhibit
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated 
August 18, 2006

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated 
Certificate of Incorporation of Comtech Telecommunications 
Corp., dated December 28, 2021
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant, dated 
September 26, 2017 

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit
Exhibit 3(a)(i) to the Registrant’s 2006 
Form 10-K 

Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed December 30, 2021

Exhibit 3(a)(ii) to the Registrant’s 2017 
Form 10-K 

Certificate of Designations designating the Series A Convertible 
Preferred Stock, dated October 19, 2021

Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K 
filed October 22, 2021

3(a)(v)

Certificate of Correction of Certificate of Designations of Series 
A Convertible Preferred Stock, dated November 9, 2021

Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's 8-K, filed 
November 12, 2021

4(a)(vi)

Description of Comtech Telecommunication Corp.'s Securities 
Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act

10(a)(1)*

10(a)(2)*

10(a)(3)*

10(a)(4)*

10(b)*

10(c)*

10(d)(1)*

10(d)(2)*

Seventh Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated 
March 4, 2020, between the Registrant and Fred Kornberg

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed March 4, 2020

Lease Agreement, dated September 23, 2011, between TM 
Squared and Comtech PST Corp. (with respect to the Melville, 
New York facility)
Consulting Agreement, dated January 3, 2022, between Comtech 
and Fred Kornberg

Exhibit 10(s) to the Registrant's 2011 Form 
10-K

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed January 5, 2022

Restricted Stock Award Agreement with Fred Kornberg Pursuant 
to the Comtech Telecommunications Corp. 2000 Stock Incentive 
Plan
Second Amended and Restated 2001 Employee Stock Purchase 
Plan

2000 Stock Incentive Plan, Amended and Restated, dated 
September  9, 2022

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed March 10, 2022

Exhibit A to the Registrant’s Proxy 
Statement, filed November 16, 2018

Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the 2000 Stock 
Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(f)(7) to the Registrant’s 2005 
Form 10-K

Form of Stock Option Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2020

Exhibit 10(d)(3) to the Registrant's Form 
2020 Form 10-K

10(e)*

Form of Performance Share Agreement pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(s) to the Registrant’s 2012 Form 
10-K

10(f)(1)*

Form of Long-Term Performance Share Award Agreement 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2018

Exhibit 10(f)(2) to the Registrant's 2019 
Form 10-K

10(g)(1)*

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Employees pursuant to 
the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(y) to the Registrant’s 2016 Form 
10-K

10(g)(2)*

10(g)(3)*

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(ab) to the Registrant’s 2016 
Form 10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2019

Exhibit 10(g)(3) to the Registrant's 2019 
Form 10-K

79

 
Exhibit
Number
10(g)(4)*

10(h)(1)*

10(h)(2)*

10(h)(3)*

10(h)(4)*

Description of Exhibit
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2022

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2017

Exhibit 10(h)(1) to the Registrant’s 2017 
Form 10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Employees 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2016

Exhibit 10(z) to the Registrant’s 2016 Form 
10-K

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-employee 
Directors pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 7, 2012

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(aa) to the Registrant’s 2016 
Form 10-K

10(h)(5)*

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2013

Exhibit 10(x) to the Registrant's 2013 Form 
10-K

10(h)(6)*

10(h)(7)*

10(h)(8)*

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2020

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 
Stock Incentive Plan - 2022

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend 
equivalents) for Employees pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive 
Plan - 2022

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 3, 2020

10(i)(1)*

Form of Stock Unit Agreement for Non-employee Directors 
pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed June 7, 2012

10(i)(2)*

Form of Stock Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Non-employee Directors pursuant to the 2000 Stock 
Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10(v) to the Registrant's 2013 Form 
10-K

10(j)(1)*

Form of Share Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Employees pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed December 9, 2013

10(j)(2)*

Form of Share Unit Agreement (eligible for dividend equivalents) 
for Employees pursuant to the 2000 Stock Incentive Plan - 2018

Exhibit 10(j)(2) to the Registrant's 2018 
Form 10-K

10(k)*

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and 
the Named Executive Officers and Certain Other Executive 
Officers

Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed on March 8, 2007

10(l)(1)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 1)

10(l)(2)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers 

10(l)(3)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (California 
Employees)

Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

80

 
Exhibit
Number
10(l)(4)*

10(l)(5)*

Description of Exhibit
Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (Divisional/
Subsidiary Presidents)

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 2) between the 
Registrant and Certain Named Executive Officers (other than the 
CEO) and Certain Other Executive Officers (California 
Divisional/Subsidiary Presidents)

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit
Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

10(l)(6)*

Form of Change-in-Control Agreement (Tier 3) between the 
Registrant and Certain Non-Executive Officers

Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed June 7, 2017

10(m)*

Retirement and Transition Agreement, dated September 30 2019

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed December 4, 2019

10(n)

10(o)

10(p)(1)

10(p)(2)

10(p)(3)

10(q)

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 22, 2015, 
among Comtech Telecommunications Corp., Typhoon 
Acquisition Corp. and TeleCommunication Systems, Inc.

Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed November 23, 2015

First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 31, 
2018, among Comtech Telecommunications Corp., the lenders 
party thereto and Citibank N.A., as administrative agent, issuing 
bank and swingline lender.
Subscription Agreement, dated October 18, 2021, by and among 
Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and the Investors named 
therein
Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 19, 2021, by and 
among Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and the Investors 
named therein 
Form of Amended and Restated Voting Agreement 

Cooperation Agreement dated December 16, 2021, by and among 
Comtech Telecommunications Corp., Outerbridge Partners, LP, 
Outerbridge Capital Management, LLC, Outerbridge Partners 
GP, LLC, Outerbridge Bartleby Fund, LP, Outerbridge Bartleby 
GP, LLC, and Rory Wallace

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed November 5, 2018

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K 
filed October 22, 2021

Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Form 8-K 
filed October 22, 2021

Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed November 12, 2021

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed December 21, 2021

10(r)(1)*

Employment Agreement, dated December 31, 2021, between 
Comtech and Michael Porcelain

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed January 5, 2022

10(r)(2)*

10(r)(3)*

10(s)(1)*

10(s)(2)*

Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Michael Porcelain 
Pursuant to the Comtech Telecommunications Corp. 2000 Stock 
Incentive Plan
Separation Agreement and General Release with Michael 
Porcelain, dated August 9, 2022

CEO Employment Agreement with Ken Peterman, dated 
September 12, 2022
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Ken Peterman Pursuant to 
the Comtech Telecommunications Corp. 2000 Stock Incentive 
Plan

Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q, 
filed March 10, 2022

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 8-K, 
filed August 10, 2022

Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed September 13, 2022
Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed September 13, 2022

10(s)(3)*

Long-Term Performance Share Award Agreement with Ken 
Peterman Pursuant to the Comtech Telecommunications Corp. 
2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed September 13, 2022

81

 
Exhibit
Number
10(s)(4)*

Description of Exhibit
Long-Term Performance Share Award (VWAP) Agreement with 
Ken Peterman Pursuant to the Comtech Telecommunications 
Corp. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan

Incorporated By
Reference to Exhibit
Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, 
filed September 13, 2022

21

Subsidiaries of the Registrant

23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

101.INS

Certification of CEO and Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of CEO and Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The following financial statements from the Company's Annual 
Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022, 
formatted in inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) 
Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated 
Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statement 
of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 
Document
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 
Document

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 
Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline 
XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

September 29, 2022
(Date)

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.

By:  /s/Ken Peterman                                              
Ken Peterman, Chairman of the Board
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the  following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Ken Peterman
Ken Peterman

Chairman of the Board

President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Michael A. Bondi
Michael A. Bondi

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Wendi Carpenter
Wendi Carpenter

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Judy Chambers
Judy Chambers

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Fred Kornberg
Fred Kornberg

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Lisa Lesavoy
Lisa Lesavoy

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Mark Quinlan
Mark Quinlan

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Dr. Yacov A. Shamash
Dr. Yacov A. Shamash

Director

September 29, 2022
(Date)

/s/Lawrence J. Waldman
Lawrence J. Waldman

Director

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (PCAOB ID: 34)

Consolidated Financial Statements:

Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2022 and 2021

Statements of Operations for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 31, 
2022

Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity for each of the years 
in the three-year period ended July 31, 2022

Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended July 31, 
2022

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Additional Financial Information Pursuant to the Requirements of Form 10-K:

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are either not applicable or the required 
information has been provided elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

Page
F-2

F-6

F-7

F-8

F-9

F-11

S-1

F - 1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of 
Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
Melville, New York

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Comtech  Telecommunications  Corp.  and  subsidiaries  (the 
"Company")  as  of  July  31,  2022  and  2021,  the  related  consolidated  statements  of  operations,  convertible  preferred  stock  and 
stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule 
listed  in  the  Index  at  Item  15  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  “financial  statements”).  In  our  opinion,  the  financial  statements  present 
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its 
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in 
the United States of America.  

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated September 
29, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be 
independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our 
audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or 
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding 
the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  audits  also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and 
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our 
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The  critical  audit  matters  communicated  below  are  matters  arising  from  the  current-period  audit  of  the  financial  statements  that  were 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to 
the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical 
audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the 
critical  audit  matters  below,  providing  separate  opinions  on  the  critical  audit  matters  or  on  the  accounts  or  disclosures  to  which  they 
relate.

Net Sales – Over Time Accounting Using the Cost-to-Cost Measure for Specific Identified Material Contracts — Refer to Note 1 to 
the financial statements.

Critical Audit Matter Description

The  Company’s  determination  of  revenue  recognition  for  specific  identified  material  contracts  accounted  for  over  time  involves 
estimating the total costs needed to complete the specific identified contracts and updating those estimates throughout the life of those 
specific identified contracts. This requires management to make significant estimates related to forecasts of future costs for the identified 
specific  contracts.  Changes  in  these  estimates  for  the  identified  specific  contracts  could  have  a  significant  impact  on  the  Company’s 
results of operations. 

Given the significant judgment and estimates used in management’s projections, auditing the Company’s estimates at completion and 
estimates to completion involved especially subjective judgment. 

F - 2

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s determination of revenue recognition for specific identified material contracts accounted 
for over time included the following, among others: 

• We tested the design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of the controls over the development of the initial contract 

cost to complete estimate and monitoring of estimates at completion and estimates to completion.  

•

For each specific identified material contract selected, we performed the following: 

◦

◦

◦

◦

◦

◦

Evaluated whether the contract was properly included in management’s calculation of overtime revenue based on the 
terms and conditions of each contract, including whether continuous transfer of control to the customer occurred as 
progress was made toward fulfilling the performance obligation.

Compared the transaction prices to the consideration expected to be received based on current rights and obligations 
under the contracts and any modifications that were agreed upon with the customers. 

Tested management’s identification of distinct performance obligations by evaluating whether the underlying goods, 
services, or both were highly interdependent and interrelated. 

Evaluated the estimates of total cost and profit for the performance obligation by:

▪

▪

▪

Performing a retrospective review by comparing the estimated margins at contract inception to the 
actual margins as of year-end in order to assess management’s ability to accurately estimate costs.

Inquiring  and  corroborating  the  estimates  to  complete  and  the  estimates  at  completion  with  the 
Project Manager (i.e., someone outside of Finance/Accounting) to understand significant variances 
in costs and completeness of the estimates at completion and estimates to completion. 

Testing the estimates to complete through a combination of tests of details, in which we selected 
individual  costs  within  the  estimate  to  complete  and  obtained  supporting  documentation,  and 
where  we  developed  an  expectation  of  the  estimate  to  complete  and  compared  it  to  the  recorded 
balance. 

Tested the accuracy and completeness of costs incurred during the current fiscal year. This testing included agreeing 
labor costs to employee timesheets and agreeing the labor rate to either rates agreed upon with the customer in the 
contract or rates from the Company’s payroll records.

Tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of revenue for the performance obligation.         

Goodwill — Refer to Note 13 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying 
value. The Company used the income approach, also known as the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method, to determine the present value 
of cash flows to estimate fair value. The future cash flows for the Company’s reporting units were projected based on their estimates, at 
that time, of future revenues, operating income and other factors (such as working capital and capital expenditures). Changes in these 
assumptions  could  have  a  significant  impact  on  either  the  fair  value,  the  amount  of  any  goodwill  impairment  charge,  or  both.  The 
Satellite and Space and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks reporting units had estimated fair values in excess of their carrying values of 
at least 18.4% and 11.6%, respectively.

We identified goodwill for the reporting units as a critical audit matter because of the significant judgments made by management to 
estimate  the  fair  values  of  these  reporting  units  and  the  differences  between  their  fair  value  and  carrying  value.  This  required  a  high 
degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing 
audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to selection of the discount rate and 
forecasts of future revenue and operating margins.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the discount rate and forecasts of future revenue and operating margins used by management to estimate 
the fair values of the reporting units included the following, among others:

• We  tested  the  effectiveness  of  controls  over  management’s  goodwill  impairment  evaluation,  including  those  over  the 
determination of the fair value of the reporting units, such as controls related to management’s selection of the discount rate 
and forecasts of future revenue and operating margins.

F - 3

• We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and operating margins by comparing actual results to 

management’s historical forecasts. 

• We  evaluated  the  reasonableness  of  management’s  revenue  forecasts  and  forecasts  of  operating  margins  by  comparing  the 

forecasts to:

◦

◦

◦

Historical revenues and operating margins.

Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors. 

Forecasted information included in Company press releases as well as in analyst and industry reports for the Company 
and certain of its peer companies. 

• With  the  assistance  of  our  fair  value  specialists,  we  evaluated  the  reasonableness  of  the  (1)  valuation  methodology  and  (2) 

discount rate by:

◦

◦

Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate and the mathematical accuracy of the 
calculation.

Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Jericho, New York
September 29, 2022

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015. 

F - 4

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Comtech Telecommunications Corp.
Melville, New York

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") 
as  of  July  31,  2022,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated  Framework  (2013)  issued  by  the  Committee  of 
Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO).  In  our  opinion,  the  Company  maintained,  in  all  material  respects, 
effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  as  of  July  31,  2022,  based  on  criteria  established  in  Internal  Control  —  Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), 
the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended July 31, 2022, of the Company and 
our report dated September 29, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of 
the  effectiveness  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  included  in  the  accompanying  Management's  Report  on  Internal  Control 
Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on 
our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company 
in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission 
and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to 
obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our 
audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, 
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other 
procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles.  A  company’s  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  includes  those  policies  and  procedures  that  (1)  pertain  to  the 
maintenance  of  records  that,  in  reasonable  detail,  accurately  and  fairly  reflect  the  transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the 
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in 
accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting  principles,  and  that  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  company  are  being  made  only  in 
accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention 
or  timely  detection  of  unauthorized  acquisition,  use,  or  disposition  of  the  company’s  assets  that  could  have  a  material  effect  on  the 
financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of 
any  evaluation  of  effectiveness  to  future  periods  are  subject  to  the  risk  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in 
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Jericho, New York
September 29, 2022

F - 5

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of July 31, 2022 and 2021

Assets

2022

2021

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable, net

Inventories, net

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment, net

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net

Goodwill

Intangibles with finite lives, net

Deferred financing costs, net

Other assets, net

Total assets
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Operating lease liabilities, current

Dividends payable

Contract liabilities

Interest payable

Total current liabilities

Non-current portion of long-term debt, net

Operating lease liabilities, non-current

Income taxes payable

Deferred tax liability, net

Long-term contract liabilities

Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)

$ 

21,654,000 

30,861,000 

123,711,000 

158,110,000 

96,317,000 

21,649,000 

80,358,000 

18,167,000 

263,331,000 

287,496,000 

50,363,000 

49,767,000 

35,286,000 

44,486,000 

347,692,000 

347,698,000 

247,303,000 

268,699,000 

1,014,000 

14,827,000 

1,824,000 

7,622,000 

$ 

974,297,000 

993,111,000 

$ 

44,591,000 

72,662,000 

8,685,000 

2,746,000 

36,193,000 

89,601,000 

8,841,000 

2,601,000 

64,601,000 

66,130,000 

172,000 

195,000 

193,457,000 

203,561,000 

130,000,000 

201,000,000 

44,423,000 

3,007,000 

15,355,000 

9,975,000 

6,291,000 

39,569,000 

2,717,000 

21,230,000 

9,808,000 

14,507,000 

402,508,000 

492,392,000 

Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share; authorized 125,000 shares; issued 100,000 
at July 31, 2022 (includes accrued dividends of $566,000)

105,204,000 

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, par value $0.10 per share; authorized and unissued 1,875,000 shares

— 

— 

— 

Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 42,672,827 

shares and 41,281,812 shares at July 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively

Additional paid-in capital

Retained earnings

Less:

4,267,000 

4,128,000 

625,484,000 

605,439,000 

278,683,000 

333,001,000 

908,434,000 

942,568,000 

Treasury stock, at cost (15,033,317 shares at July 31, 2022 and 2021)

Total stockholders’ equity

(441,849,000) 

(441,849,000) 

466,585,000 

500,719,000 

Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity

$ 

974,297,000 

993,111,000 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

2022

2021

2020

$ 

486,239,000 

581,695,000 

616,715,000 

306,403,000 

367,737,000 

389,882,000 

179,836,000 

213,958,000 

226,833,000 

Net sales

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Expenses:

Selling, general and administrative

114,858,000 

111,796,000 

117,130,000 

Research and development

Amortization of intangibles

CEO transition costs

Proxy solicitation costs

Acquisition plan expenses

Operating (loss) income

Other expenses (income):

Interest expense

Interest (income) and other

Change in fair value of convertible preferred
  stock purchase option liability

52,532,000 

21,396,000 

13,554,000 

11,248,000 

49,148,000 

21,020,000 

52,180,000 

21,595,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

100,292,000 

20,754,000 

213,588,000 

282,256,000 

211,659,000 

(33,752,000) 

(68,298,000) 

15,174,000 

5,031,000 

(703,000) 

6,821,000 

(139,000) 

6,054,000 

(190,000) 

(1,005,000) 

— 

— 

(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes

(37,075,000) 

(74,980,000) 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

(4,023,000) 

(1,500,000) 

9,310,000 

2,290,000 

Net (loss) income

$ 

(33,052,000) 

(73,480,000) 

7,020,000 

Adjustments to reflect redemption value of convertible 
    preferred stock:

Convertible preferred stock issuance costs

Establishment of initial convertible
  preferred stock purchase option liability

Dividend on convertible preferred stock

Net (loss) income attributable to common
       stockholders

Net (loss) income per share:

Basic

Diluted

(4,007,000) 

(1,005,000) 

(5,204,000) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

(43,268,000) 

(73,480,000) 

7,020,000 

$ 

$ 

(1.63) 

(1.63) 

(2.86) 

(2.86) 

0.28 

0.28 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic

26,506,000 

25,685,000 

24,798,000 

Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares 
outstanding – diluted

26,506,000 

25,685,000 

24,899,000 

 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.

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-
F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) 
operating activities:

2022

2021

2020

$ 

(33,052,000) 

(73,480,000) 

7,020,000 

Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives
Amortization of stock-based compensation

CEO transition costs related to equity-classified stock-based awards

Amortization of deferred financing costs
Change in fair value of convertible preferred stock purchase option 
liability
Changes in other liabilities
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Provision for (benefit from) allowance for doubtful accounts
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense
Other

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Other assets
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
Contract liabilities
Other liabilities, non-current
Interest payable
Income taxes payable

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:

Net cash acquired from acquisition of UHP
Payment for acquisition of CGC, net of cash acquired
Payments for acquisition of NG-911 businesses
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock
Net (payments) borrowings of long-term debt under Credit Facility
Remittance of employees' statutory tax withholding for stock awards
Cash dividends paid
Payment of convertible preferred stock issuance costs
Repayment of principal amounts under finance lease and other obligations
Payment of deferred financing costs
Proceeds from issuance of employee stock purchase plan shares
Proceeds from exercises of stock options

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

10,314,000 
21,396,000 
7,767,000 

7,388,000 
811,000 

(1,005,000) 
(4,132,000) 
(310,000) 
838,000 
4,447,000 
(5,856,000) 
469,000 

33,567,000 
(20,406,000) 
(3,190,000) 
(6,656,000) 
6,833,000 
(11,081,000) 
(1,362,000) 
(3,690,000) 
(22,000) 
(1,071,000) 
1,997,000 

— 
— 
— 
(19,619,000) 
(19,619,000) 

100,000,000 
(71,000,000) 
(6,109,000) 
(11,048,000) 
(4,007,000) 
(15,000) 
(140,000) 
734,000 
— 
8,415,000 

9,379,000 
21,020,000 
9,983,000 

— 
736,000 

— 
(6,633,000) 
215,000 
(18,000) 
4,364,000 
(3,263,000) 
(225,000) 

(31,223,000) 
(2,338,000) 
(265,000) 
(4,215,000) 
11,016,000 
(7,886,000) 
25,444,000 
3,583,000 
32,000 
3,136,000 
(40,638,000) 

1,304,000 
(750,000) 
— 
(16,037,000) 
(15,483,000) 

— 
51,500,000 
(2,803,000) 
(10,334,000) 
— 
(38,000) 
(30,000) 
809,000 
— 
39,104,000 

10,561,000 
21,595,000 
9,275,000 

— 
737,000 

— 
(4,133,000) 
— 
(431,000) 
1,647,000 
860,000 
444,000 

20,929,000 
(9,132,000) 
(2,261,000) 
(719,000) 
(2,206,000) 
4,292,000 
(6,312,000) 
2,422,000 
(397,000) 
(1,427,000) 
52,764,000 

— 
(11,165,000) 
(1,794,000) 
(7,225,000) 
(20,184,000) 

— 
(15,500,000) 
(5,276,000) 
(10,020,000) 
— 
(805,000) 
— 
855,000 
468,000 
(30,278,000) 
(Continued)

F - 9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental cash flow disclosure
Cash paid (received) during the year for:

Interest
Income taxes, net

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

2022
(9,207,000)   
30,861,000 
21,654,000 

2021

(17,017,000)   
47,878,000 
30,861,000 

2020
2,302,000 
45,576,000 
47,878,000 

4,094,000 
2,913,000 

5,987,000 
(1,373,000)   

5,549,000 
2,875,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Accrued remittance of employees' statutory tax withholdings for fully-vested 
share units

$ 

1,102,000 

2,596,000 

1,399,000 

Cash dividends declared on common stock but unpaid (including accrual of 
dividend equivalents)

$ 

3,135,000 

2,981,000 

2,762,000 

Adjustment to reflect redemption value of convertible preferred stock

Establishment of initial convertible preferred stock purchase option liability

Accrued additions to property, plant and equipment

Common stock issued for acquisitions

Fair value of UHP acquisition contingent earn-out consideration

Accruals related to acquisitions

10,216,000 

1,005,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

5,586,000 

2,466,000 

1,408,000 

9,000,000 

28,892,000 

11,575,000 

— 

— 

8,500,000 

— 

— 

1,157,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F - 10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

(a) Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and 
its  subsidiaries  ("Comtech,"  "we,"  "us,"  or  "our"),  all  of  which  are  wholly-owned.  All  significant  intercompany 
balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b) Nature of Business

We design, produce and market innovative products, systems and services for advanced communications solutions. We 
conduct our business through two reportable operating segments: Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial 
and Wireless Networks.

Our business is highly competitive and characterized by rapid technological change. Our growth and financial position 
depends  on  our  ability  to  keep  pace  with  such  changes  and  developments  and  to  respond  to  the  sophisticated 
requirements of an increasing variety of secure wireless communications technology users, among other things. Many 
of our competitors are substantially larger, and have significantly greater financial, marketing and operating resources 
and broader product lines than our own. A significant technological or sales breakthrough by others, including smaller 
competitors  or  new  companies,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business.  In  addition,  certain  of  our 
customers  have  technological  capabilities  in  our  product  areas  and  could  choose  to  replace  our  products  with  their 
own.

International  sales  expose  us  to  certain  risks,  including  barriers  to  trade,  fluctuations  in  foreign  currency  exchange 
rates (which may make our products less price competitive), political and economic instability, availability of suitable 
export  financing,  export  license  requirements,  tariff  regulations,  and  other  United  States  ("U.S.")  and  foreign 
regulations that may apply to the export of our products, as well as the generally greater difficulties of doing business 
abroad. We attempt to reduce the risk of doing business in foreign countries by seeking contracts denominated in U.S. 
dollars, advance or milestone payments, credit insurance and irrevocable letters of credit in our favor.

F - 11

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(c) Revenue Recognition

In accordance with FASB ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), we record revenue in an 
amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to 
customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify 
our  performance  obligations  in  our  contract;  (3)  determine  the  transaction  price  for  our  contract;  (4)  allocate  the 
transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue using one of the following two methods: 

•

•

Over time - We recognize revenue using the over time method when there is a continuous transfer of control 
to the customer over the contractual period of performance. This generally occurs when we enter into a long-
term  contract  relating  to  the  design,  development  or  manufacture  of  complex  equipment  or  technology 
platforms  to  a  buyer’s  specification  (or  to  provide  services  related  to  the  performance  of  such  contracts). 
Continuous  transfer  of  control  is  typically  supported  by  contract  clauses  which  allow  our  customers  to 
unilaterally  terminate  a  contract  for  convenience,  pay  for  costs  incurred  plus  a  reasonable  profit  and  take 
control of work-in-process. Revenue recognized over time is generally based on the extent of progress toward 
completion of the related performance obligations. The selection of the method to measure progress requires 
judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services provided. In certain instances, typically for 
firm fixed-price contracts, we use the cost-to-cost measure because it best depicts the transfer of control to the 
customer  which  occurs  as  we  incur  costs  on  our  contracts.  Under  the  cost-to-cost  measure,  the  extent  of 
progress  toward  completion  is  measured  based  on  the  ratio  of  costs  incurred  to  date  to  the  total  estimated 
costs  at  completion,  including  warranty  costs.  Revenues,  including  estimated  fees  or  profits,  are  recorded 
proportionally  as  costs  are  incurred.  Costs  to  fulfill  generally  include  direct  labor,  materials,  subcontractor 
costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. When these contracts are modified, the additional 
goods or services are generally not distinct from those already provided. As a result, these modifications form 
part  of  an  existing  contract  and  we  must  update  the  transaction  price  and  our  measure  of  progress  for  the 
single performance obligation and recognize a cumulative catch-up to revenue and gross profits.

For over time contracts using a cost-to-cost measure of progress, we have an estimate at completion ("EAC") 
process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. This EAC 
process requires management judgment relative to assessing risks, estimating contract revenue and costs, and 
making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. Since certain contracts extend over a long period of 
time, the impact of revisions in revenue and or cost estimates during the progress of work may impact current 
period  earnings  through  a  cumulative  adjustment.  Additionally,  if  the  EAC  process  indicates  a  loss,  a 
provision  is  made  for  the  total  anticipated  loss  in  the  period  that  it  becomes  evident.  Contract  revenue  and 
cost estimates for significant contracts are generally reviewed and reassessed at least quarterly.

The  cost-to-cost  method  is  principally  used  to  account  for  contracts  in  our  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications  segment  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  certain  location-based  and  messaging  infrastructure 
contracts in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment. For service-based contracts in our Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks segment, we also recognize revenue over time. These services are typically recognized as 
a  series  of  services  performed  over  the  contract  term  using  the  straight-line  method,  or  based  on  our 
customers’ actual usage of the networks and platforms which we provide.

Point in time - When a performance obligation is not satisfied over time, we must record revenue using the 
point  in  time  accounting  method  which  generally  results  in  revenue  being  recognized  upon  shipment  or 
delivery of a promised good or service to a customer. This generally occurs when we enter into short term 
contracts or purchase orders where items are provided to customers with relatively quick turn-around times. 
Modifications to such contracts and or purchase orders, which typically provide for additional quantities or 
services, are accounted for as a new contract because the pricing for these additional quantities or services are 
based on standalone selling prices.

F - 12

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Point  in  time  accounting  is  principally  applied  to  contracts  in  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications 
segment,  which  includes  satellite  modems,  solid-state  and  traveling  wave  tube  amplifiers  and  to  certain 
contracts for our solid-state, high-power RF amplifiers. The contracts related to these products do not meet 
the requirements for over time revenue recognition because our customers cannot utilize the equipment for its 
intended  purpose  during  any  phase  of  our  manufacturing  process;  customers  do  not  simultaneously  receive 
and or consume the benefits provided by our performance; customers do not control the asset (i.e., prior to 
delivery,  customers  cannot  direct  the  use  of  the  asset,  sell  or  exchange  the  equipment,  etc.);  and,  although 
many of our contracts have termination for convenience clauses and or an enforceable right to payment for 
performance completed to date, our performance creates an asset with an alternative use through the point of 
delivery.

In determining that our equipment has alternative use, we considered the underlying manufacturing process. 
In the early phases of manufacturing, raw materials and work in process (including subassemblies) consist of 
common  parts  that  are  highly  fungible  among  many  different  types  of  products  and  customer  applications. 
Finished  products  are  either  configured  to  our  standard  configuration  or  based  on  our  customers’ 
specifications. Finished products, whether built to our standard specification or to a customers’ specification, 
can be sold to a variety of customers and across many different end use applications with minimal rework, if 
needed, and without incurring a significant economic loss.

When identifying a contract with our customer, we consider when it has approval and commitment from both parties, 
if  the  rights  of  the  parties  are  identified,  if  the  payment  terms  are  identified,  if  it  has  commercial  substance  and  if 
collectability is probable.

When identifying performance obligations, we consider whether there are multiple promises and how to account for 
them. In our contracts, multiple promises are separated if they are distinct, both individually and in the context of the 
contract. If multiple promises in a contract are highly interrelated or comprise a series of distinct services performed 
over time, they are combined into a single performance obligation. In some cases, we may also provide the customer 
with  an  additional  service-type  warranty,  which  we  recognize  as  a  separate  performance  obligation.  Service-type 
warranties do not represent a significant portion of our consolidated net sales. When service-type warranties represent 
a separate performance obligation, the revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the extended warranty period. 
Our contracts, from time-to-time, may also include options for additional goods and services. To date, these options 
have  not  represented  material  rights  to  the  customer  as  the  pricing  for  them  reflects  standalone  selling  prices.  As  a 
result, we do not consider options we offer to be performance obligations for which we must allocate a portion of the 
transaction price. In many cases, we provide assurance-type warranty coverage for some of our products for a period 
of at least one year from the date of delivery.

When  identifying  the  transaction  price,  we  typically  utilize  the  contract's  stated  price  as  a  starting  point.  The 
transaction  price  in  certain  arrangements  may  include  estimated  amounts  of  variable  consideration,  including  award 
fees, incentive fees or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. We estimate variable 
consideration as the amount to which we expect to be entitled, and we include estimated amounts in the transaction 
price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the 
estimation  uncertainty  is  resolved.  The  estimation  of  this  variable  consideration  and  determination  of  whether  to 
include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance 
and all information (e.g., historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

When allocating the contract’s transaction price, we consider each distinct performance obligation. For contracts with 
multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our 
best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. We determine standalone 
selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is 
not  observable  through  past  transactions,  we  estimate  the  standalone  selling  price  taking  into  account  available 
information  such  as  market  conditions,  including  geographic  or  regional  specific  factors,  competitive  positioning, 
internal costs, profit objectives and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. 

F - 13

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Most of our contracts with customers are denominated in U.S. dollars and typically are either firm fixed-price or cost 
reimbursable type contracts (including fixed-fee, incentive-fee and time-and-material type contracts). In almost all of 
our contracts with customers, we are the principal in the arrangement and report revenue on a gross basis. Transaction 
prices  for  contracts  with  U.S.  domestic  and  international  customers  are  usually  based  on  specific  negotiations  with 
each customer and in the case of the U.S. government, sometimes based on estimated or actual costs of providing the 
goods or services in accordance with applicable regulations. Sales by geography and customer type, as a percentage of 
consolidated net sales, are as follows:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2021

2020

2022

United States
U.S. government
Domestic

Total United States

International
Total

 27.2 %
 47.8 %
 75.0 %

 34.6 %
 41.5 %
 76.1 %

 36.2 %
 40.3 %
 76.5 %

 25.0 %
 100.0 %

 23.9 %
 100.0 %

 23.5 %
 100.0 %

Sales  to  U.S.  government  customers  include  sales  to  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  ("DoD"),  intelligence  and 
civilian agencies, as well as sales directly to or through prime contractors. Domestic sales include sales to commercial 
customers,  as  well  as  to  U.S.  state  and  local  governments.  Included  in  domestic  sales  are  sales  to  Verizon 
Communications Inc. ("Verizon"), which were 11.1% and 10.7% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.  government,  there  were  no  customers  that  represented  more  than  10.0%  of 
consolidated  net  sales  during  fiscal  2020.  International  sales  for  fiscal  2022,  2021  and  2020  (which  include  sales  to 
U.S.  domestic  companies  for  inclusion  in  products  that  are  sold  to  international  customers)  were  $121,392,000, 
$138,943,000  and  $145,107,000,  respectively.  Except  for  the  U.S.,  no  individual  country  (including  sales  to  U.S. 
domestic  companies  for  inclusion  in  products  that  are  sold  to  a  foreign  country)  represented  more  than  10.0%  of 
consolidated net sales for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020. 

The  following  tables  summarize  our  disaggregation  of  revenue  consistent  with  information  reviewed  by  our  Chief 
Operating  Decision  Maker  ("CODM")  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020.  We  believe  these 
categories  best  depict  how  the  nature,  amount,  timing  and  uncertainty  of  revenue  and  cash  flows  are  affected  by 
economic factors which impact our business. See Note (11) - "Segment Information" for more information related to 
our segments.  

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control

Point in time

Over time

Total

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2022

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Total

$ 

127,536,000 

5,061,000  $ 

132,597,000 

50,274,000 

177,810,000 

101,868,000 

279,678,000 

249,497,000 

30,181,000 

279,678,000 

186,052,000 

93,626,000 

279,678,000 

181,976,000 

187,037,000 

232,250,000 

364,847,000 

19,524,000 

121,392,000 

206,561,000  $ 

486,239,000 

206,561,000  $ 

456,058,000 

— 

30,181,000 

206,561,000  $ 

486,239,000 

2,633,000  $ 

188,685,000 

203,928,000 

297,554,000 

206,561,000  $ 

486,239,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

F - 14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control

Point in time

Over time

Total

Geographical region and customer type

U.S. government

Domestic

Total United States

International

Total

Contract type

Firm fixed-price

Cost reimbursable

Total

Transfer of control

Point in time

Over time

Total

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Total

$ 

198,157,000 

2,924,000  $ 

201,081,000 

57,246,000 

255,403,000 

119,448,000 

374,851,000 

292,044,000 

82,807,000 

374,851,000 

234,690,000 

140,161,000 

374,851,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

184,425,000 

187,349,000 

241,671,000 

442,752,000 

19,495,000 

138,943,000 

206,844,000  $ 

581,695,000 

206,844,000  $ 

498,888,000 

— 

82,807,000 

206,844,000  $ 

581,695,000 

1,704,000  $ 

236,394,000 

205,140,000 

345,301,000 

206,844,000  $ 

581,695,000 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2020

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Total

$ 

220,824,000 

2,539,000  $ 

223,363,000 

62,607,000 

283,431,000 

127,642,000 

411,073,000 

322,450,000 

88,623,000 

411,073,000 

274,614,000 

136,459,000 

411,073,000 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

185,638,000 

188,177,000 

248,245,000 

471,608,000 

17,465,000 

145,107,000 

205,642,000  $ 

616,715,000 

205,642,000  $ 

528,092,000 

— 

88,623,000 

205,642,000  $ 

616,715,000 

4,352,000  $ 

278,966,000 

201,290,000 

337,749,000 

205,642,000  $ 

616,715,000 

F - 15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The  timing  of  revenue  recognition,  billings  and  collections  results  in  receivables,  unbilled  receivables  and  contract 
liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Under typical payment terms for our contracts accounted for over time, 
amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals 
(e.g., monthly) or upon achievement of contractual milestones. For certain contracts with provisions that are intended 
to protect customers in the event we do not satisfy our performance obligations, billings occur subsequent to revenue 
recognition,  resulting  in  unbilled  receivables.  Under  ASC  606,  unbilled  receivables  constitute  contract  assets.  There 
were no material impairment losses recognized on contract assets during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 
and  2020,  respectively.  On  large  long-term  contracts,  and  for  contracts  with  international  customers  that  do  not  do 
business  with  us  regularly,  payment  terms  typically  require  advanced  payments  and  deposits.  Under  ASC  606, 
payments  received  from  customers  in  excess  of  revenue  recognized  to-date  results  in  a  contract  liability.  These 
contract liabilities are not considered to represent a significant financing component of the contract because we believe 
these  cash  advances  and  deposits  are  generally  used  to  meet  working  capital  demands  which  can  be  higher  in  the 
earlier stages of a contract. Also, advanced payments and deposits provide us with some measure of assurance that the 
customer  will  perform  on  its  obligations  under  the  contract.  Under  the  typical  payment  terms  for  our  contracts 
accounted for at a point in time, costs are accumulated in inventory until the time of billing, which generally coincides 
with  revenue  recognition.  Of  the  contract  liability  balance  at  July  31,  2021  and  July  31,  2020,  $51,762,000  and 
$34,545,000 was recognized as revenue during fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively.

We  recognize  the  incremental  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  a  contract  as  an  expense  when  incurred  if  the  amortization 
period  of  the  asset  is  one  year  or  less.  Incremental  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  contracts  with  an  amortization  period 
greater than one year were not material. 

As  commissions  payable  to  our  internal  sales  and  marketing  employees  or  contractors  are  contingent  upon  multiple 
factors,  such  commissions  are  not  considered  direct  costs  to  obtain  or  fulfill  a  contract  with  a  customer  and  are 
expensed as incurred in selling, general and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As 
for commissions payable to our third-party sales representatives related to large long-term contracts, we do consider 
these  types  of  commissions  both  direct  and  incremental  costs  to  obtain  and  fulfill  such  contracts.  Therefore,  such 
commissions  are  included  in  total  estimated  costs  at  completion  for  such  contracts  and  expensed  over  time  through 
cost of sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Remaining  performance  obligations  represent  the  transaction  price  of  firm  orders  for  which  work  has  not  been 
performed as of the end of a fiscal period. Remaining performance obligations, which we refer to as backlog, exclude 
unexercised contract options and potential orders under indefinite delivery / indefinite quantity ("IDIQ") contracts. As 
of  July  31,  2022,  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  transaction  price  allocated  to  remaining  performance  obligations  was 
$618,138,000 (which represents the amount of our consolidated backlog). We estimate that a substantial portion of our 
remaining  performance  obligations  at  July  31,  2022  will  be  completed  and  recognized  as  revenue  during  the  next 
twenty-four  month  period,  with  the  rest  thereafter.  During  fiscal  2022,  revenue  recognized  from  performance 
obligations  satisfied,  or  partially  satisfied,  in  previous  periods  (for  example  due  to  changes  in  the  transaction  price) 
was not material.

(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Our cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of 
cash  and  have  insignificant  risk  of  change  in  value  as  a  result  of  changes  in  interest  rates.  Our  cash  and  cash 
equivalents,  as  of  July  31,  2022  and  2021,  amounted  to  $21,654,000  and  $30,861,000,  respectively,  and  primarily 
consist  of  bank  deposits  and  money  market  deposit  accounts  insured  by  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Corporation. 
Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

(e)

Inventories

Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, the latter of which is defined as the estimated 
selling  price  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  less  reasonably  predictable  costs  of  completion,  disposal  and 
transportation. Our inventories are reduced to their estimated net realizable value by a charge to cost of sales in the 
period  such  excess  costs  are  determined.  Our  inventories  are  principally  recorded  using  either  average  or  standard 
costing methods. 

F - 16

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Work-in-process (including our contracts-in-progress) and finished goods inventory reflect all accumulated production 
costs,  which  are  comprised  of  direct  production  costs  and  overhead,  and  is  reduced  by  amounts  recorded  in  cost  of 
sales as the related revenue is recognized. Indirect costs relating to long-term contracts, which include expenses such 
as general and administrative, are charged to expense as incurred and are not included in our cost of sales or work-in-
process (including our contracts-in-progress) and finished goods inventory.

(f) Long-Lived Assets

Our  machinery  and  equipment,  which  are  recorded  at  cost,  are  depreciated  or  amortized  over  their  estimated  useful 
lives (three to eight years) under the straight-line method. Capitalized values of properties and leasehold improvements 
under leases are amortized over the life of the lease or the estimated life of the asset, whichever is less.

Goodwill  represents  the  excess  cost  of  a  business  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of  the  net  assets  acquired.  In 
accordance with FASB ASC 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other" goodwill is not amortized. We periodically, at 
least on an annual basis in the first quarter of each fiscal year, review goodwill, considering factors such as projected 
cash flows and revenue and earnings multiples, to determine whether the carrying value of the goodwill is impaired. If 
we  fail  the  quantitative  assessment  of  goodwill  impairment  ("quantitative  assessment"),  we  would  be  required  to 
recognize  an  impairment  loss  equal  to  the  amount  that  a  reporting  unit's  carrying  value  exceeded  its  fair  value; 
however,  any  loss  recognized  should  not  exceed  the  total  amount  of  goodwill  allocated  to  that  reporting  unit.  We 
define our reporting units to be the same as our operating segments.

We  performed  our  annual  goodwill  impairment  assessment  for  fiscal  2023  on  August  1,  2022  (the  first  day  of  our 
fiscal 2023). See Note (13) - "Goodwill" for more information. Unless there are future indicators that the fair value of a 
reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying value, such as a significant adverse change in our future 
financial  performance,  our  next  impairment  assessment  for  goodwill  will  be  performed  and  completed  in  the  first 
quarter of fiscal 2024. Any impairment charges that we may record in the future could be material to our results of 
operations and financial condition.

We assess the recoverability of the carrying value of our other long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets 
with finite useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets 
may  not  be  recoverable.  We  evaluate  the  recoverability  of  such  assets  based  upon  the  expectations  of  undiscounted 
cash  flows  from  such  assets.  If  the  sum  of  the  expected  future  undiscounted  cash  flows  were  less  than  the  carrying 
amount of the asset, a loss would be recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount.

(g) Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized 
for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing 
assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets 
and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those 
temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The  effect  on  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  of  a 
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We determine the uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns in accordance with the 
provisions of FASB ASC 740-10-25 "Income Taxes," which prescribes a two-step evaluation process for tax positions. 
The first step is recognition based on a determination of whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be 
sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical 
merits of the position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold. The 
tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate 
settlement. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the benefit of that position is 
not  recognized  in  the  financial  statements.  Our  policy  is  to  recognize  potential  interest  and  penalties  related  to 
uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

F - 17

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(h) Earnings Per Share

Our basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares (including 
vested  but  unissued  stock  units,  share  units,  performance  shares  and  restricted  stock  units  ("RSUs"))  outstanding 
during each respective period. Our diluted EPS reflects the dilution from potential common stock issuable pursuant to 
the  exercise  of  equity-classified  stock-based  awards,  settlement  of  escrow  and  earn-out  arrangements  related  to  our 
acquisition of UHP and the assumed conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock, if dilutive, outstanding during each 
respective period. Pursuant to FASB ASC 260 "Earnings Per Share," shares whose issuance is contingent upon the 
satisfaction  of  certain  conditions  are  included  in  diluted  EPS  based  on  the  number  of  shares,  if  any,  that  would  be 
issuable  if  the  end  of  the  reporting  period  were  the  end  of  the  contingency  period.  When  calculating  our  diluted 
earnings per share, we consider the amount an employee must pay upon assumed exercise of stock-based awards and 
the amount of stock-based compensation cost attributed to future services and not yet recognized.

There were no repurchases of our common stock during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. See Note 
(16) - "Stockholders’ Equity" for more information.

Weighted average stock options, RSUs and restricted stock outstanding of 1,656,000, 1,440,000 and 1,348,000 shares 
for  fiscal  2022,  2021  and  2020,  respectively,  were  not  included  in  our  diluted  EPS  calculation  because  their  effect 
would have been anti-dilutive.

Our  EPS  calculations  exclude  293,000,  232,000  and  201,000  weighted  average  performance  shares  outstanding  for 
fiscal  2022,  2021  and  2020,  respectively,  as  the  performance  conditions  have  not  yet  been  satisfied.  However,  the 
numerator  for  EPS  calculations  for  each  respective  period  is  reduced  by  the  compensation  expense  related  to  these 
awards.

Weighted average common shares of 591,000 and 82,000 related to our acquisition of UHP in March 2021 were not 
included in our diluted EPS calculation for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively, because their effect would have been 
anti-dilutive. 

F - 18

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Weighted average common shares of 3,342,000 underlying the assumed conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock, on 
an if-converted basis, were not included in our diluted EPS calculation for fiscal 2022 because their effect would have 
been anti-dilutive. As a result, the numerator for our basic and diluted EPS calculation for fiscal 2022 is the respective 
net loss attributable to common stockholders.

The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations:

Numerator:

Net (loss) income
Convertible preferred stock issuance costs
Establishment of initial convertible preferred
    stock purchase option liability
Dividend on convertible preferred stock
Net (loss) income attributable to common 
    stockholders

Denominator:

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

$  (33,052,000)   
(4,007,000)   

(1,005,000)   
(5,204,000)   

(73,480,000)   

— 

— 
— 

7,020,000 
— 

— 
— 

$  (43,268,000)   

(73,480,000)   

7,020,000 

Denominator for basic calculation

26,506,000 

25,685,000 

24,798,000 

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock-based awards

— 

— 

101,000 

Denominator for diluted calculation

26,506,000 

25,685,000 

24,899,000 

As discussed further in Note (15) - "Convertible Preferred Stock," the Convertible Preferred Stock issued in October 
2021 represents a "participating security" as defined in ASC 260. As a result, our EPS calculations for fiscal 2022 were 
based on the two-class method. Given the net loss attributable to common stockholders for fiscal 2022, there was no 
impact of applying the two-class method to our reported basic or diluted earnings per common share.

(i) Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

Using the fair value hierarchy described in FASB ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," we valued 
our  cash  and  cash  equivalents  using  Level  1  inputs  that  were  based  on  quoted  market  prices.  We  believe  that  the 
carrying  amounts  of  our  other  current  financial  assets  (such  as  accounts  receivable)  and  other  current  liabilities 
(including  accounts  payable  and  accrued  expenses)  approximate  their  fair  values  due  to  their  short-term  maturities. 
The fair value of our Credit Facility that we entered into on October 31, 2018 approximates its carrying amount due to 
its variable interest rate and pricing grid that is dependent upon our leverage ratio as of the end of each fiscal quarter. 
As of July 31, 2022 and 2021, other than the financial instruments discussed above, we had no other significant assets 
or liabilities included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets recorded at fair value, as such term is defined by FASB ASC 
820.

(j) Use of Estimates

The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in 
the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount 
of  assets  and  liabilities,  and  disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities,  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  net  sales  and  expenses  during  the  reported  period.  We  make  significant 
estimates in many areas of our accounting, including but not limited to the following: long-term contracts, stock-based 
compensation,  intangible  assets  and  liabilities  including  goodwill,  provision  for  excess  and  obsolete  inventory, 
allowance  for  doubtful  accounts,  warranty  obligations  and  income  taxes.  Actual  results  may  differ  from  those 
estimates.

F - 19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(k) Comprehensive Income

In accordance with FASB ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income," we report all changes in equity during a period, except 
those  resulting  from  investment  by  owners  and  distribution  to  owners,  for  the  period  in  which  they  are  recognized. 
Comprehensive income is the total of net income and all other non-owner changes in equity (or other comprehensive 
income)  such  as  unrealized  gains/losses  on  securities  classified  as  available-for-sale,  foreign  currency  translation 
adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments. Comprehensive income was the same as our net income in 
fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020.

(l) Reclassifications

Certain  reclassifications  have  been  made  to  previously  reported  consolidated  financial  statements  to  conform  to  the 
fiscal 2022 presentation.

(m)  Adoption of Accounting Standards and Updates

We  are  required  to  prepare  our  consolidated  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  Financial  Accounting 
Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") which is the source for all authoritative U.S. 
generally accepted accounting principles, which are commonly referred to as "GAAP." The FASB ASC is subject to 
updates by the FASB, which are known as Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). During fiscal 2022, we adopted:

•

•

•

•

FASB ASU No. 2019-12, which simplifies various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 
removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance 
to improve consistent application. Our adoption of this ASU on August 1, 2021 did not have a material impact on 
our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB ASU No. 2020-01, which clarifies the interactions between Topics 321, 323 and 815. This ASU clarifies 
that  an  entity  should  consider  observable  transactions  that  require  it  to  either  apply  or  discontinue  the  equity 
method  of  accounting  for  the  purposes  of  applying  the  measurement  alternative  in  accordance  with  Topic  321 
immediately  before  applying  or  upon  discontinuing  the  equity  method.  In  addition,  the  amendments  clarify  the 
accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options accounted for under Topic 815. Our adoption of 
this ASU on August 1, 2021 did not impact our consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

FASB  ASU  No.  2020-06,  which  simplifies  the  accounting  for  convertible  instruments  by  removing  certain 
separation  models  (including  the  cash  conversion  model  and  the  beneficial  conversion  feature  model)  for 
convertible instruments. As a result, for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to 
be  accounted  for  as  derivatives  under  Topic  815  or  that  do  not  result  in  substantial  premiums  accounted  for  as 
paid-in capital, the embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract. Consequently, a 
convertible  debt  instrument  will  be  accounted  for  as  a  single  liability  measured  at  its  amortized  cost,  and 
convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost as 
long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. On August 1, 2021, we early adopted 
this  ASU.  Our  early  adoption  of  this  ASU  did  not  have  any  impact  on  our  consolidated  financial  statements  or 
disclosures. 

FASB  ASU  No.  2021-08,  which  requires  that  an  acquirer  recognize  and  measure  contract  assets  and  contract 
liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, as if it had originated the contracts. 
Prior to this ASU, an acquirer generally recognized contract assets and contract liabilities assumed that arose from 
contracts with customers at fair value on the acquisition date. On August 1, 2021, we early adopted this ASU. Our 
early adoption of this ASU did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures. 

F - 20

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(2) Acquisitions

UHP Networks Inc. 

On March 2, 2021, we completed our acquisition of UHP Networks Inc. ("UHP"), a leading provider of innovative and 
disruptive satellite ground station technology solutions, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement initially entered into in 
November  2019  and  last  amended  on  March  1,  2021.  With  end-markets  for  high-speed  satellite-based  networks 
anticipated  to  significantly  grow,  our  acquisition  allows  us  to  enhance  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications 
segment's offerings with time division multiple access ("TDMA") satellite modems.

The  acquisition  had  a  final  purchase  price  for  accounting  purposes  of  $37,470,000,  which  represents  the  sum  of 
$23,979,000  paid  at  closing,  $4,991,000  paid  on  August  1,  2021  and  $8,500,000  related  to  the  acquisition  date 
estimated fair value of a $9,000,000 contingent earn-out payment. 

At closing, we funded the $23,979,000 and $4,991,000 payments with 1,026,567 shares of our common stock, based 
on  a  volume  weighted  average  stock  price  of  approximately  $28.14  per  share,  plus  $87,000  in  cash.  As  of  July  31, 
2022, 132,005 of the 1,026,567 shares of our common stock issued at closing were held in escrow to satisfy potential 
indemnification obligations of the seller. 

In addition, the specified sales milestones were met and the full $9,000,000 earn-out payment was settled on July 12, 
2022  with  961,302  newly  issued  shares  of  our  common  stock,  based  on  a  volume  weighted  average  stock  price  of 
approximately $9.36 per share. Upon payment, twenty-percent, or 192,260 of the 961,302 newly issued shares were 
placed into escrow and are anticipated to be released to the seller equally on March 2, 2023 and 2024. The terms of the 
stock  purchase  agreement  provide  an  ability  for  us  to  substitute  cash  in  lieu  of  the  common  stock  that  was  initially 
placed into escrow. 

F - 21

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The following table summarizes the final fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the 
UHP acquisition:

Initial upfront payment
Hold back amount
Contingent earn-out consideration

Purchase price at fair value
Allocation of aggregate purchase price:

Cash and cash equivalents
Current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Deferred tax assets
Contract liabilities
Accrued warranty obligations
Other current liabilities
Non-current liabilities

Net tangible assets at fair value

Identifiable intangibles, deferred taxes and goodwill:

Technology
Customer relationships
Trade name
Deferred tax liabilities
Goodwill

Allocation of aggregate purchase price

Purchase 
Price 
Allocation 

23,979,000 
4,991,000 
8,500,000 
37,470,000 

1,391,000 
1,367,000 
10,000 
310,000 
(648,000) 
(750,000) 
(1,175,000) 
(160,000) 
345,000 

Estimated 
Useful Lives

15,300,000  15 years
15,500,000  15 years
800,000  20 years

(8,374,000) 
13,899,000 
37,470,000 

Indefinite

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

We  accounted  for  the  acquisition  under  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting  in  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  805, 
"Business Combinations" ("ASC 805"). Acquisition plan expenses were not included as a component of consideration 
transferred and were expensed in the period incurred. The final purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and 
liabilities  assumed,  based  on  their  fair  value  as  of  March  2,  2021  pursuant  to  the  business  combination  accounting 
rules. Our consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 include a nominal 
amount  of  revenue  contribution  from  the  acquisition.  Pro  forma  financial  information  is  not  disclosed,  as  the 
acquisition is not material.

Acquisition Plan Expenses

During fiscal 2021 and 2020, we incurred acquisition plan expenses of $100,292,000 and $20,754,000, respectively. 
Of  the  amount  recorded  in  fiscal  2021,  $88,343,000  related  to  the  previously  announced  litigation  and  merger 
termination with Gilat Satellite Networks, Ltd. ("Gilat"), including $70,000,000 paid in cash to Gilat. The remaining 
costs primarily related to the April 2021 settlement of litigation associated with the 2019 acquisition of GD NG-911 as 
well  as  our  acquisition  of  UHP,  which  closed  in  March  2021.  Additionally,  during  fiscal  2021,  we  recorded 
$1,178,000 of incremental interest expense related to a now terminated financing commitment letter.

F - 22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(3) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists of the following at July 31, 2022 and 2021:

Receivables from commercial and international customers

$ 

59,922,000 

Unbilled receivables from commercial and international customers

Receivables from the U.S. government and its agencies

Unbilled receivables from the U.S. government and its agencies

39,826,000 

24,776,000 

1,524,000 

2022

2021

86,890,000 

36,131,000 

33,381,000 

3,356,000 

Total accounts receivable

Less allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivable, net

126,048,000 

159,758,000 

2,337,000 

1,648,000 

$  123,711,000 

158,110,000 

Unbilled receivables as of July 31, 2022 relate to contracts-in-progress for which revenue has been recognized, but for 
which  we  have  not  yet  earned  the  right  to  bill  the  customer  for  work  performed  to-date.  Under  ASC  606,  unbilled 
receivables constitute contract assets. Management estimates that a substantial portion of the amounts not yet billed at 
July 31, 2022 will be billed and collected within one year.

As of July 31, 2022, 20.9% and 13.4% of total accounts receivable related to U.S. government (and its agencies) and 
Verizon, respectively. 

As  of  July  31,  2021,  23.0%,  12.7%  and  12.1%  of  total  accounts  receivable  related  to  the  U.S.  government  (and  its 
agencies), AT&T, Inc. and Verizon, respectively.

(4) Inventories

Inventories consist of the following at July 31, 2022 and 2021:

Raw materials and components

Work-in-process and finished goods

Total inventories

Less reserve for excess and obsolete inventories

Inventories, net

2022

$ 

78,478,000 

40,960,000 

2021

62,249,000 

38,338,000 

119,438,000 

100,587,000 

23,121,000 

$ 

96,317,000 

20,229,000 

80,358,000 

As of July 31, 2022 and 2021, the amount of inventory directly related to long-term contracts (including contracts-in-
progress) was $4,100,000 and $7,028,000, respectively, and the amount of inventory related to contracts from third-
party commercial customers who outsource their manufacturing to us was $1,866,000 and $1,509,000, respectively.

F - 23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(5) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following at July 31, 2022 and 2021:

Machinery and equipment

Leasehold improvements

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Property, plant and equipment, net

2022

2021

$  186,935,000 

170,600,000 

14,260,000 

15,726,000 

201,195,000 

186,326,000 

150,832,000 

151,040,000 

$ 

50,363,000 

35,286,000 

Depreciation  and  amortization  expense  on  property,  plant  and  equipment  amounted  to  $10,303,000,  $9,343,000  and 
$10,386,000 for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(6) Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following at July 31, 2022 and 2021:

Accrued wages and benefits

Accrued warranty obligations

Accrued contract costs

Accrued acquisition-related costs

Accrued commissions and royalties

Accrued legal costs

Other

2022

$ 

25,675,000 

9,420,000 

15,921,000 

— 

5,697,000 

2,514,000 

13,435,000 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

$ 

72,662,000 

2021

26,367,000 

17,600,000 

12,750,000 

9,222,000 

5,342,000 

2,854,000 

15,466,000 

89,601,000 

Accrued  contract  costs  represent  direct  and  indirect  costs  on  contracts  as  well  as  estimates  of  amounts  owed  for 
invoices not yet received from vendors or reflected in accounts payable.

Accrued acquisition-related costs for fiscal 2021 include $8,705,000 of contingent earn-out consideration related to our 
acquisition of UHP, which was paid in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. See Note (2) - “Acquisitions - UHP Networks 
Inc.” for further discussion. 

Accrued warranty obligations as of July 31, 2022 relate to estimated liabilities for assurance type warranty coverage 
that we provide to our customers. We generally provide warranty coverage for some of our products for a period of at 
least  one  year  from  the  date  of  delivery.  We  record  a  liability  for  estimated  warranty  expense  based  on  historical 
claims, product failure rates, consideration of contractual obligations, future costs to resolve software issues and other 
factors. Some of our product warranties are provided under long-term contracts, the costs of which are incorporated 
into our estimates of total contract costs. 

Changes in our accrued warranty obligations during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Balance at beginning of year

(Benefit from) provision for warranty obligations

Adjustments for changes in estimates

Charges incurred

Additions (in connection with acquisitions)

Balance at end of year

F - 24

2022

2021

$ 

17,600,000 

15,200,000 

(1,255,000)   

4,360,000 

(2,500,000)   

— 

(4,425,000)   

(2,710,000) 

— 

750,000 

$ 

9,420,000 

17,600,000 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

During  the  second  quarter  of  fiscal  2022,  we  recorded  a  $2,500,000  benefit  to  cost  of  sales  in  our  Terrestrial  and 
Wireless Networks segment due to lower than expected warranty claims associated with previously acquired NG-911 
technologies.                                                                                                                                                              

(7) Credit Facility

On October 31, 2018, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with a 
syndicate of lenders. 

The  Credit  Facility  provides  a  senior  secured  loan  facility  of  up  to  $550,000,000  consisting  of:  (i)  a  revolving  loan 
facility ("Revolving Loan Facility") with a borrowing limit of $300,000,000; (ii) an accordion feature allowing us to 
borrow up to an additional $250,000,000; (iii) a $35,000,000 letter of credit sublimit; and (iv) a swingline loan credit 
sublimit of $25,000,000.

The Credit Facility matures on October 31, 2023 (the "Revolving Maturity Date"). If we issue new unsecured debt in 
excess  of  $5,000,000  with  a  maturity  date  that  is  less  than  91  days  from  October  31,  2023,  the  Revolving  Maturity 
Date would automatically accelerate so that it would be 91 days earlier than the maturity date of the new unsecured 
debt.

As of July 31, 2022, the amount outstanding under our Credit Facility was $130,000,000 which is reflected in the non-
current portion of long-term debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At July 31, 2022, we had $558,000 of standby 
letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Facility related to guarantees of future performance on certain customer 
contracts  and  no  outstanding  commercial  letters  of  credit.  During  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2022,  we  had 
outstanding balances under the Credit Facility ranging from $100,000,000 to $212,000,000.

As  of  July  31,  2022,  total  net  deferred  financing  costs  related  to  the  Credit  Facility  were  $1,014,000  and  are  being 
amortized over the term of our Credit Facility through October 31, 2023. 

Interest expense related to our Credit Facility, including amortization of deferred financing costs, recorded during the 
fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020  was  $4,933,000,  $5,628,000  and  $5,905,000,  respectively.  Our 
blended interest rate approximated 3.41%, 2.84% and 3.87%, respectively, for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility shall be either: (i) Alternate Base Rate borrowings, which bear interest from the 
applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to (x) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined) in effect on 
such day, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1.00% per annum and (c) 
the  Adjusted  LIBO  Rate  (as  defined)  on  such  day  (or,  if  such  day  is  not  a  business  day,  the  immediately  preceding 
business day) plus 1.00% per annum, plus (y) the Applicable Rate (as defined), or (ii) Eurodollar borrowings, which 
bear  interest  from  the  applicable  borrowing  date  at  a  rate  per  annum  equal  to  (x)  the  Adjusted  LIBO  Rate  for  such 
interest  period  plus  (y)  the  Applicable  Rate.  Determination  of  the  Applicable  Rate  is  based  on  a  pricing  grid  that  is 
dependent upon our Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined) as of the end of each fiscal quarter for which consolidated 
financial statements have been most recently delivered.

The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative covenants. The Credit Facility also 
contains  customary  negative  covenants,  subject  to  negotiated  exceptions,  including  but  not  limited  to:  (i)  liens,  (ii) 
investments, (iii) indebtedness, (iv) significant corporate changes, including mergers and acquisitions, (v) dispositions, 
(vi)  restricted  payments,  including  stockholder  dividends,  and  (vii)  certain  other  restrictive  agreements.  The  Credit 
Facility  also  contains  certain  financial  covenants  and  customary  events  of  default  (subject  to  grace  periods,  as 
appropriate), such as payment defaults, cross-defaults to other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency, the 
occurrence of a defined change in control and the failure to observe the negative covenants and other covenants related 
to  the  operation  of  our  business.  In  addition,  under  certain  circumstances,  we  may  be  required  to  enter  into 
amendments to the Credit Facility in connection with any further syndication of the Credit Facility.

F - 25

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The  Credit  Facility  provides  for,  among  other  things:  (i)  no  scheduled  payments  of  principal  until  maturity;  (ii)  a 
maximum Secured Leverage Ratio of 3.75x trailing twelve months ("TTM") Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, 
Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA") and a Maximum Total Leverage Ratio of 4.50x TTM Adjusted 
EBITDA,  each  with  no  step  downs;  and  (iii)  a  Minimum  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  of  3.25x  TTM  Adjusted 
EBITDA.

As  of  July  31,  2022,  our  Secured  Leverage  Ratio  was  3.50x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA  compared  to  the  maximum 
allowable  Secured  Leverage  Ratio  of  3.75x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA.  Our  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  as  of 
July  31,  2022  was  8.81x  TTM  Adjusted  EBITDA  compared  to  the  Minimum  Interest  Expense  Coverage  Ratio  of 
3.25x TTM Adjusted EBITDA. Although we expect our Secured Leverage Ratio to remain elevated during the first 
quarter  of  fiscal  2023,  as  we  make  payments  to  various  vendors  associated  with  the  build-out  of  our  high-volume 
technology  manufacturing  facilities,  to  support  our  working  capital  needs  for  our  existing  contracts  and  to  make 
required CEO transition related payments, given our overall expected business performance, we anticipate maintaining 
compliance with the terms and financial covenants in our Credit Facility for the foreseeable future.

The  obligations  under  the  Credit  Facility  are  guaranteed  by  certain  of  our  domestic  and  foreign  subsidiaries  (the 
"Guarantors"). As collateral security under the Credit Facility and the guarantees thereof, we and the Guarantors have 
granted  to  the  administrative  agent,  for  the  benefit  of  the  lenders,  a  lien  on,  and  first  priority  security  interest  in, 
substantially all of our tangible and intangible assets.

On December 6, 2018, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Facility to provide for a mechanism to replace the 
LIBO  Rate  for  Eurodollar  borrowings  with  an  alternative  benchmark  interest  rate,  should  the  LIBO  Rate  generally 
become  unavailable  in  the  future  on  an  other-than-temporary  basis.  On  January  14,  2021,  we  entered  into  a  further 
amendment  of  the  Credit  Facility  to  update  the  LIBO  Rate  replacement  mechanism  language  and  other  definitional 
items. On July 30, 2021, we entered into an amendment to incorporate certain foreign subsidiaries as loan parties and 
Guarantors into the Credit Facility and added certain definitional items.

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth for such terms in the Credit Facility and the 
Prior Credit Facility, which have been documented and filed with the SEC.

(8) Leases

Our  leases  historically  relate  to  the  leasing  of  facilities  and  equipment.  In  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  842  - 
"Leases" ("ASC 842"), we determine at inception whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease and whether the lease 
should  be  classified  as  an  operating  or  a  financing  lease.  At  lease  commencement,  we  recognize  a  right-of-use 
("ROU") asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the estimated lease term. 
We have elected to not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability for any leases with terms of twelve months or less. 
Instead, for such short-term leases, we recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of 
our leases include options to extend the term of the lease or to terminate the lease early. When it is reasonably certain 
that we will exercise a renewal option or will not exercise a termination option, we include the impact of exercising or 
not exercising such option, respectively, in the estimate of the lease term. As our lease agreements do not explicitly 
state the discount rate implicit in the lease, we use our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") on the commencement date 
to calculate the present value of future lease payments. Such IBR represents our estimated rate of interest to borrow on 
a collateralized basis over a term commensurate with the expected lease term.

Some  of  our  leases  include  payments  that  are  based  on  the  Consumer  Price  Index  ("CPI")  or  other  similar  indices. 
These variable lease payments are included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability using the index as of 
the lease commencement date. Other variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance, property taxes, and 
usage-based amounts, are required by ASC 842 to be excluded from the ROU asset and lease liability and expensed as 
incurred. In addition to the present value of the future lease payments, the calculation of the ROU asset would also 
consider,  to  the  extent  applicable,  any  deferred  rent  upon  adoption,  lease  pre-payments  or  initial  direct  costs  of 
obtaining the lease (e.g., such as commissions).

F - 26

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

For all classes of leased assets, we elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components (i.e., the actual item 
being leased, such as the facility or piece of equipment) from non-lease components (i.e., the distinct elements of a 
contract  not  related  to  securing  the  use  of  the  leased  asset,  such  as  common  area  maintenance  and  consumable 
supplies). 

Certain  of  our  facility  lease  agreements  (which  are  classified  as  operating  leases)  contain  rent  holidays  or  rent 
escalation clauses. For rent holidays and rent escalation clauses during the lease term, we record rental expense on a 
straight-line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  lease.  As  of  July  31,  2022,  none  of  our  leases  contained  a  residual  value 
guarantee and covenants included in our lease agreements are customary for the types of facilities and equipment being 
leased.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

Finance lease expense:

Amortization of ROU assets

Interest on lease liabilities

Operating lease expense

Short-term lease expense

Variable lease expense

Sublease income

Total lease expense

Additional information related to leases is as follows:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease
     liabilities:

Operating leases - Operating cash outflows
Finance leases - Operating cash outflows
Finance leases - Financing cash outflows

ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities 
     (non-cash):

Fiscal years ended July 31, 
2021

2020

2022

$ 

13,000 

1,000 

36,000 

3,000 

175,000 

4,000 

11,658,000 

12,152,000 

10,728,000 

402,000 

4,619,000 

819,000 

4,523,000 

3,045,000 

4,033,000 

(67,000) 

(67,000) 

(22,000) 

$ 

16,626,000 

17,466,000 

17,963,000 

Fiscal years ended July 31,
2021

2022

2020

$ 

11,864,000 
1,000 
15,000 

10,868,000 
3,000 
38,000 

11,437,000 
4,000 
322,000 

Operating leases

$ 

15,233,000 

24,987,000 

3,561,000 

F - 27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The  following  table  is  a  reconciliation  of  future  cash  flows  relating  to  operating  and  financing  lease  liabilities 
presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2022:

Fiscal 2023
Fiscal 2024
Fiscal 2025
Fiscal 2026
Fiscal 2027

Thereafter
Total future undiscounted cash flows
Less: Present value discount
Lease liabilities

Operating
$  9,953,000 
8,798,000 
8,155,000 
6,757,000 
4,715,000 
  24,218,000 
  62,596,000 
9,488,000 
$  53,108,000 

Finance

6,000 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
6,000 
1,000 
5,000 

$ 

$ 

Total
9,959,000 
8,798,000 
8,155,000 
6,757,000 
4,715,000 
24,218,000 
62,602,000 
9,489,000 
53,113,000 

$ 

$ 

Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years)
Weighted-average discount rate

8.77
 3.43 %

0.57
 6.59 %

In fiscal 2022, we modified our existing lease for a facility in Seattle, Washington, increasing the lease term through 
October 2033. Accordingly, amounts related to the modified lease are reflected as an operating lease right-of-use asset 
or related operating lease liability in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of July 31, 2022.

We  lease  our  Melville,  New  York  production  facility  from  a  partnership  controlled  by  our  former  CEO.  Lease 
payments made during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022 and 2021 were $675,000 and $660,000, respectively. The 
current lease provides for our use of the premises as they exist through December 2031. The annual rent of the facility 
for  calendar  year  2023  is  $685,000  and  is  subject  to  customary  adjustments.  We  have  a  right  of  first  refusal  in  the 
event of a sale of the facility.

As of July 31, 2022, we do not have any material rental commitments that have not commenced.

(9) Income Taxes

(Loss) income before (benefit from) provision for income taxes consists of the following:

U.S.
Foreign

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2021

2022

$ 

(31,772,000)   
(5,303,000)   

(73,153,000)   
(1,827,000)   

2020

7,226,000 
2,084,000 

$ 

(37,075,000)   

(74,980,000)   

9,310,000 

F - 28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The (benefit from) provision for income taxes included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations 
consists of the following:

Federal – current

Federal – deferred

State and local – current

State and local – deferred

Foreign – current

Foreign – deferred

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

$ 

287,000 

608,000 

1,053,000 

(4,888,000)   

(877,000)   

721,000 

348,000 

466,000 

1,137,000 

(442,000)   

(598,000)   

(1,312,000) 

1,197,000 

688,000 

(525,000)   

(1,787,000)   

298,000 

393,000 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

$ 

(4,023,000)   

(1,500,000)   

2,290,000 

The (benefit from) provision for income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal 
income tax rate as a result of the following:

Computed "expected" tax expense (benefit)
Increase (reduction) in income taxes 

resulting from:

State and local income taxes, net of 
federal benefit
Stock-based compensation
Research and experimentation credits
Foreign-derived intangible income 
deduction
Revaluation of convertible preferred 
stock option liability
Nondeductible transaction costs
Nondeductible executive 
compensation
Fines and penalties
Audit settlements
Change in the beginning of the year 
valuation allowance for deferred tax 
assets
Change in valuation allowance
Remeasurement of 
deferred taxes
Foreign income taxes
Other, net

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

Amount

Rate

Amount

Rate

Amount

Rate

$  (7,786,000) 

 21.0 %   (15,746,000) 

 21.0 %  

1,955,000 

 21.0 %

227,000 

1,049,000 

 (0.6) 

 (2.8) 

(1,371,000) 

(20,000) 

(1,484,000) 

 4.0 

(1,018,000) 

 1.8 

 — 

 1.4 

(278,000) 

 (3.0) 

308,000 

 3.3 

(1,210,000) 

 (13.0) 

— 

 — 

164,000 

 (0.2) 

(162,000) 

 (1.7) 

(211,000) 

— 

 0.6 

 — 

— 

 — 

— 

402,000 

 (0.5) 

301,000 

2,801,000 

 (7.6) 

628,000 

 (0.8) 

(1,000) 

18,000 

 — 

 — 

— 

6,000 

 — 

 — 

595,000 

189,000 

1,000 

— 

 — 

(805,000) 

 1.1 

2,009,000 

 (5.4) 

  15,582,000 

 (20.8) 

— 

— 

 — 

 3.2 

 6.4 

 2.0 

 — 

 — 

 — 

(396,000) 

(478,000) 

 1.1 

 1.3 

229,000 

 (0.7) 

(224,000) 

 0.3 

(135,000) 

 (1.5) 

676,000 

226,000 

 (0.9) 

 (0.4) 

453,000 

273,000 

 4.9 

 3.0 

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

$  (4,023,000) 

 10.9 %  

(1,500,000) 

 2.0 %  

2,290,000 

 24.6 %

F - 29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at 
July 31, 2022 and 2021 are presented below:

Deferred tax assets:

Inventory and warranty reserves

Compensation and commissions

Federal, state and foreign research and experimentation credits

Stock-based compensation

Foreign scientific research and experimental development expenditures

Federal, state and foreign net operating losses

Federal and state capital losses

Lease liabilities

Other

Less: valuation allowance

Total deferred tax assets

 Deferred tax liabilities:

Plant and equipment

Lease right-of-use assets

Intangibles

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax liabilities

2022

2021

$ 

5,970,000 

4,376,000 

6,774,000 

4,338,000 

19,476,000 

19,324,000 

3,950,000 

4,979,000 

1,890,000 

14,481,000 

15,582,000 

12,595,000 

5,919,000 

1,496,000 

5,413,000 

15,582,000 

10,980,000 

4,550,000 

(31,227,000)   

(28,384,000) 

53,012,000 

45,052,000 

(3,489,000)   

(1,146,000) 

(11,801,000)   

(10,085,000) 

(52,681,000)   

(54,635,000) 

(67,971,000)   

(65,866,000) 

$ 

(14,959,000)   

(20,814,000) 

At July 31, 2022, our net deferred tax liability of $14,959,000 includes $396,000 of foreign net deferred tax assets that 
were recorded as other assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. At July 31, 2021, our net deferred tax liability 
of  $20,814,000  includes  $416,000  of  foreign  net  deferred  tax  assets  that  were  recorded  as  other  assets,  net  in  our 
Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We provide for income taxes under the provisions of ASC 740 which requires an asset and liability based approach in 
accounting for income taxes. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is 
more likely than not that some portion or all of them will not be realized. If management determines that it is more 
likely than not that some or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded 
against such deferred tax assets.

At  July  31,  2022,  we  have  federal  research  and  experimentation  credits  of  $10,571,000  that  will  begin  to  expire  in 
2030. The timing and manner in which we may utilize tax credits in future tax years will be limited by the amounts and 
timing of future taxable income and by the application of the ownership change rules under Section 383 of the Internal 
Revenue Code.

F - 30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

We  have  a  federal  net  operating  loss  carryforward  of  $3,822,000,  with  an  indefinite  carryforward  period.  We  have 
state net operating loss carryforwards available of $4,685,000, which expire through 2042, utilization of which will be 
limited by the amounts and timing of future taxable income and by the application of the ownership change rules under 
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. We believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state 
net  operating  loss  carryforwards  will  not  be  realized.  In  recognition  of  this  risk,  we  have  provided  a  valuation 
allowance of $3,393,000 on the deferred tax assets relating to these state net operating loss carryforwards. We have 
state research and experimentation credit carryforwards of $8,534,000, which expire through 2042. We believe that it 
is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state research and experimentation credits will not be realized. In 
recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $7,828,000 on the deferred tax assets relating to 
these state credits. In addition, we have provided a valuation allowance of $1,724,000 on certain other state deferred 
tax  assets.  We  have  federal  and  state  capital  loss  carryforwards  of  $15,582,000,  which  begin  to  expire  in  2026.  We 
believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from these capital losses will not be realized. In recognition of 
this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $15,582,000 on the deferred tax assets relating to these capital 
losses. 

At July 31, 2022, we had foreign deferred tax assets relating to net operating loss carryforwards of $5,973,000, which 
will begin to expire in 2029. We believe that it is more likely than not that certain net operating loss carryforwards 
may not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $2,700,000 on the deferred 
tax assets relating to these net operating loss carryforwards. We have foreign deferred tax assets relating to research 
and  experimentation  credits  of  $371,000,  which  will  begin  to  expire  in  2025.  Our  foreign  earnings  and  profits  are 
insignificant and, as such, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on unremitted foreign earnings.

We must generate $228,700,000 of taxable income in the future to fully utilize our net deferred tax assets as of July 31, 
2022.  Management  believes  it  is  more  likely  than  not  that  the  results  of  future  operations  will  generate  sufficient 
taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets.

At July 31, 2022 and 2021, total unrecognized tax benefits were $10,008,000 and $9,172,000, respectively, including 
interest of $330,000 and $163,000, respectively. At July 31, 2022 and 2021, $3,007,000 and $2,717,000, respectively, 
of  our  unrecognized  tax  benefits  were  recorded  as  non-current  income  taxes  payable  on  our  Consolidated  Balance 
Sheets.  The  remaining  unrecognized  tax  benefits  of  $7,001,000  and  $6,455,000  at  July  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively, were presented as an offset to the associated non-current deferred tax assets on our Consolidated Balance 
Sheets. Of the total unrecognized tax benefits, $9,034,000 and $8,408,000 at July 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, net 
of  the  reversal  of  the  federal  benefit  recognized  as  a  deferred  tax  asset  relating  to  state  reserves,  would  favorably 
impact  our  effective  tax  rate,  if  recognized.  Unrecognized  tax  benefits  result  from  income  tax  positions  taken  or 
expected  to  be  taken  on  our  income  tax  returns  for  which  a  tax  benefit  has  not  been  recorded  in  our  consolidated 
financial statements. We believe it is reasonably possible that the gross unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by as 
much as $1,400,000 in the next 12 months due to the expiration of a statute of limitations related to federal, state and 
foreign tax positions.

Our policy is to recognize potential interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The 
following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 
(excluding interest):

2022

2021

2020

Balance at beginning of period

$ 

9,009,000 

8,270,000 

7,203,000 

Increase related to current period

Increase related to prior periods

Expiration of statute of limitations

Decrease related to prior periods

598,000 

153,000 

(83,000)   

(2,000)   

528,000 

338,000 

(48,000)   

(79,000)   

684,000 

464,000 

(73,000) 

(8,000) 

Balance at end of period

$ 

9,675,000 

9,009,000 

8,270,000 

F - 31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Our  U.S.  federal  income  tax  returns  for  fiscal  2019  through  2021  are  subject  to  potential  future  Internal  Revenue 
Service  ("IRS")  audit.  None  of  our  state  income  tax  returns  prior  to  fiscal  2018  are  subject  to  audit.  Future  tax 
assessments or settlements could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial 
condition.

(10) Stock-Based Compensation

Overview

We  issue  stock-based  awards  to  certain  of  our  employees  and  our  Board  of  Directors  pursuant  to  our  2000  Stock 
Incentive  Plan,  as  amended  and/or  restated  from  time  to  time  (the  "Plan")  and  our  2001  Employee  Stock  Purchase 
Plan, as amended and/or restated from time to time (the "ESPP"), and recognize related stock-based compensation in 
our  consolidated  financial  statements.  The  Plan  provides  for  the  granting  to  employees  and  consultants  of  Comtech 
(including prospective employees and consultants): (i) incentive and non-qualified stock options, (ii) restricted stock 
units  ("RSUs"),  (iii)  RSUs  with  performance  measures  (which  we  refer  to  as  "performance  shares"),  (iv)  restricted 
stock,  (v)  stock  units  (reserved  for  issuance  to  non-employee  directors)  and  share  units  (reserved  for  issuance  to 
employees) (collectively, "share units") and (vi) stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), among other types of awards. Our 
non-employee  directors  are  eligible  to  receive  non-discretionary  grants  of  stock-based  awards,  subject  to  certain 
limitations.

As of July 31, 2022, the aggregate number of shares of common stock which may be issued, pursuant to the Plan, may 
not exceed 10,962,500. Stock options granted may not have a term exceeding ten years or, in the case of an incentive 
stock award granted to a stockholder who owns stock representing more than 10.0% of the voting power, no more than 
five years. We expect to settle all outstanding awards under the Plan and employee purchases under the ESPP with the 
issuance of new shares of our common stock.

As of July 31, 2022, we had granted stock-based awards pursuant to the Plan representing the right to purchase and/or 
acquire an aggregate of 9,446,088 shares (net of 5,419,028 expired and canceled awards), of which an aggregate of 
7,851,858 have been exercised or settled. 

As of July 31, 2022, the following stock-based awards, by award type, were outstanding:

Stock options
Performance shares
RSUs, restricted stock and share units
Total

July 31, 2022

483,480 
333,987 
776,763 
1,594,230 

Our ESPP provides for the issuance of up to 1,050,000 shares of our common stock. Our ESPP is intended to provide 
our  eligible  employees  the  opportunity  to  acquire  our  common  stock  at  85%  of  fair  market  value  at  the  date  of 
issuance. Through July 31, 2022, we have cumulatively issued 943,909 shares of our common stock to participating 
employees in connection with our ESPP.

F - 32

 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Stock-based compensation for awards issued is reflected in the following line items in our Consolidated Statements of 
Operations:

Cost of sales

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research and development expenses
Stock-based compensation expense
CEO transition costs related to equity-classified stock-based
       awards
Total stock-based compensation expense before income tax 

benefit

Estimated income tax benefit

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,

2022

$ 

692,000 

6,312,000 

763,000 
7,767,000 

7,388,000 

2021

929,000 

8,091,000 

963,000 
9,983,000 

2020

823,000 

7,527,000 

925,000 
9,275,000 

— 

— 

15,155,000 

9,983,000 

9,275,000 

(2,260,000)   

(2,164,000)   

(2,042,000) 

Net stock-based compensation expense

$ 

12,895,000 

7,819,000 

7,233,000 

Stock-based compensation for equity-classified awards is measured at the date of grant, based on an estimate of the 
fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the vesting period of the award. At July 31, 2022, unrecognized 
stock-based compensation of $8,538,000, net of estimated forfeitures of $790,000, is expected to be recognized over a 
weighted average period of 3.0 years. Total stock-based compensation capitalized and included in ending inventory at 
both  July  31,  2022  and  2021  was  $48,000.  There  are  no  liability-classified  stock-based  awards  outstanding  as  of 
July 31, 2022 or 2021.

Selling,  general  and  administrative  expenses  included  in  the  table  above,  for  fiscal  2022,  includes  $827,000  of 
amortization  of  stock-based  compensation  related  to  three,  long-standing  members  of  our  Board  of  Directors  who 
retired in December 2021.

Stock-based compensation expense, by award type, is summarized as follows:

Stock options

Performance shares

RSUs, restricted stock and share units
ESPP
Stock based compensation expense
CEO transition costs related to equity-classified stock-based
    awards
Total stock-based compensation expense before income tax 

benefit

Estimated income tax benefit

Fiscal Years Ended July 31,
2021

2020

2022

$ 

519,000 

1,136,000 

5,912,000 
200,000 
7,767,000 

370,000 

1,345,000 

8,060,000 
208,000 
9,983,000 

442,000 

1,491,000 

7,120,000 
222,000 
9,275,000 

7,388,000 

— 

— 

15,155,000 

9,983,000 

9,275,000 

(2,260,000)   

(2,164,000)   

(2,042,000) 

Net stock-based compensation expense

$  12,895,000 

7,819,000 

7,233,000 

ESPP stock-based compensation expense primarily relates to the 15% discount offered to participants in the ESPP.

The estimated income tax benefit as shown in the above table was computed using income tax rates expected to apply 
when the awards are settled. Such deferred tax asset was recorded net as part of our non-current deferred tax liability 
on  our  Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  as  of  July  31,  2022  and  2021.  The  actual  income  tax  benefit  recognized  for  tax 
reporting is based on the fair market value of our common stock at the time of settlement and can significantly differ 
from the estimated income tax benefit recorded for financial reporting. 

F - 33

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Stock Options 

The following table summarizes the Plan's activity:

Outstanding at July 31, 2019
Granted
Expired/canceled
Exercised
Outstanding at July 31, 2020
Expired/canceled
Outstanding at July 31, 2021
Expired/canceled
Exercised
Outstanding at July 31, 2022

Awards
(in Shares)

Weighted 
Average
Exercise Price
28.72 
17.88 
29.06 
28.82 
26.17 
27.44 
25.76 
26.86 
17.88 
24.43 

1,555,555  $ 
327,100 
(174,840)   
(285,790)   
1,422,025 
(348,590)   
1,073,435 
(588,735)   
(1,220)   
483,480  $ 

Weighted 
Average
Remaining 
Contractual
Term (Years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

Exercisable at July 31, 2022

395,460  $ 

25.88 

3.63 $ 

Vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2022

476,692  $ 

24.52 

4.34 $ 

4.39 $ 

— 

— 

— 

Stock options outstanding as of July 31, 2022 have exercise prices ranging from $17.88 - $33.94, representing the fair 
market value of our common stock on the date of grant, a contractual term of ten years and a vesting period of five 
years. The total intrinsic value relating to stock options exercised during the fiscal years ended July 31 2022 and 2020 
was $7,000 and $1,869,000, respectively. There were no stock options exercised during the fiscal year ended July 31, 
2021.

During  fiscal  2022  and  2020,  at  the  election  of  certain  holders  of  vested  stock  options,  1,220  and  269,090, 
respectively, of stock options were net settled upon exercise. As a result, 220 and 27,994 shares of our common stock 
were  issued  during  the  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2022  and  2020,  respectively,  net  of  shares  retained  to  satisfy  the 
exercise price and minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

There  were  no  stock  options  granted  during  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2022  or  2021.  The  estimated  per-share 
weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during fiscal 2020 was $5.52, which was determined 
using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model,  and  included  weighted  average  assumptions  as  follows:  (i)  expected 
dividend yield of 2.24%, (ii) expected volatility of 40.03%, (iii) risk-free interest rate of 0.54%, and (iv) expected life 
of 6.5 years.

Expected dividend yield is the expected annual dividend as a percentage of the fair market value of our common stock 
on the date of grant, based on our Board's annual dividend target at the time of grant. We estimate expected volatility 
by  considering  the  historical  volatility  of  our  stock  and  the  implied  volatility  of  publicly-traded  call  options  on  our 
stock.  The  risk-free  interest  rate  is  based  on  the  U.S.  Treasury  yield  curve  in  effect  at  the  time  of  grant  for  an 
instrument which closely approximates the expected term. The expected term is the number of years we estimate that 
awards will be outstanding prior to exercise and is determined by employee groups with sufficiently distinct behavior 
patterns. Assumptions used in computing the fair value of stock-based awards reflect our best estimates, but involve 
uncertainties relating to market and other conditions, many of which are outside of our control. Estimates of fair value 
are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by recipients of stock-based awards.

F - 34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Performance Shares, RSUs, Restricted Stock and Share Unit Awards

The  following  table  summarizes  the  Plan's  activity  relating  to  performance  shares,  RSUs,  restricted  stock  and  share 
units:

Outstanding at July 31, 2019
Granted
Settled
Canceled/Forfeited

Outstanding at July 31, 2020

Granted

Settled

Canceled/Forfeited

Outstanding at July 31, 2021
Granted
Settled
Canceled/Forfeited
Outstanding at July 31, 2022

Awards
(in Shares)

Weighted 
Average
Grant Date 
Fair Value

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

954,676 
560,361 
(431,581) 
(83,882) 

999,574 

644,272 

(455,564) 

(119,912) 

1,068,370 
797,771 
(641,747) 
(113,644) 
1,110,750 

$ 

$ 

22.40 
19.93 
22.02 
22.84 

21.15 

19.06 

17.09 

18.42 

21.93 
18.77 
22.83 
22.78 
19.05 

$  12,907,000 

Vested at July 31, 2022

505,187 

$ 

15.36 

$ 

5,870,000 

Vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2022

1,077,958 

$ 

18.93 

$  12,526,000 

The total intrinsic value relating to fully-vested awards settled during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 
2020 was $12,560,000, $9,878,000 and $9,635,000, respectively.

The performance shares granted to employees principally vest over a three-year performance period, if pre-established 
performance goals are attained, or as specified pursuant to the Plan and related agreements. As of July 31, 2022, the 
number of outstanding performance shares included in the above table, and the related compensation expense prior to 
consideration of estimated pre-vesting forfeitures, assume achievement of the pre-established goals at a target level. 

RSUs and restricted stock granted to non-employee directors prior to August 12, 2022 have a vesting period of five 
years and are convertible into shares of our common stock generally at the time of termination, on a one-for-one basis 
for no cash consideration, or earlier under certain circumstances. RSUs and restricted stock granted to non-employee 
directors after August 12, 2022 have a vesting period of one year. Also, restricted stock granted to our former non-
executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to his Senior Technology Advisor consulting agreement, vests 
1/12 on the date of grant and in eleven equal monthly installments thereafter.

RSUs  granted  to  employees  prior  to  August  12,  2022  have  a  vesting  period  of  five  years  and  are  convertible  into 
shares of our common stock generally at the time of vesting, on a one-for-one basis for no cash consideration. RSUs 
granted to employees after August 12, 2022 have a vesting period of three years.

Share  units  granted  prior  to  July  31,  2017  were  vested  when  issued  and  are  convertible  into  shares  of  our  common 
stock, generally at the time of termination, on a one-for-one basis for no cash consideration, or earlier under certain 
circumstances. Share units granted on or after July 31, 2017 were granted to certain employees in lieu of non-equity 
incentive  compensation  and  are  convertible  into  shares  of  our  common  stock  on  the  one-year  anniversary  of  the 
respective grant date. 

F - 35

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

On July 28, 2022, 286,000 fully vested share units were granted to certain employees in lieu of fiscal 2022 non-equity 
incentive compensation. Also, on July 31, 2022, 221,052 fully vested share units (previously granted in lieu of fiscal 
2021  non-equity  incentive  compensation)  were  settled  by  delivery  of  131,782  shares  of  our  common  stock  after 
reduction of share units retained to satisfy employees’ statutory tax withholding requirements. Cumulatively, through 
July 31, 2022, 1,184,851 share units granted have been settled.

The fair value of performance shares, RSUs, restricted stock and share units is determined using the closing market 
price of our common stock on the date of grant, less the present value of any estimated future dividend equivalents 
such awards are not entitled to receive and an applicable estimated discount for any post-vesting transfer restrictions. 
RSUs,  performance  shares  and  restricted  stock  granted  since  fiscal  2013  are  entitled  to  dividend  equivalents  unless 
forfeited  before  vesting  occurs.  Share  units  granted  since  fiscal  2014  are  entitled  to  dividend  equivalents  while  the 
underlying shares are unissued.

Dividend  equivalents  are  subject  to  forfeiture,  similar  to  the  terms  of  the  underlying  stock-based  awards,  and  are 
payable in cash generally at the time of settlement of the underlying award. During fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, we 
accrued  $389,000,  $380,000  and  $294,000,  respectively,  of  dividend  equivalents  (net  of  forfeitures)  and  paid  out 
$531,000, $279,000 and $288,000, respectively. Accrued dividend equivalents were recorded as a reduction to retained 
earnings. As of July 31, 2022 and 2021, accrued dividend equivalents were $742,000 and $884,000, respectively. 

With  respect  to  the  actual  settlement  of  stock-based  awards  for  income  tax  reporting,  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
July  31,  2022,  we  recorded  an  income  tax  expense  of  $924,000,  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  July  31,  2021,  we 
recorded an income tax benefit of $142,000 and during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2020, we recorded an income tax 
expense of $224,000.

Subsequent Events

In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, our Board of Directors authorized the issuance of stock-based awards with a total 
unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, of approximately $7,500,000.

(11) Segment Information

Reportable  operating  segments  are  determined  based  on  Comtech’s  management  approach.  The  management 
approach,  as  defined  by  FASB  ASC  280  "Segment  Reporting"  is  based  on  the  way  that  the  CODM  organizes  the 
segments within an enterprise for making decisions about resources to be allocated and assessing their performance. 
Our CODM, for purposes of FASB ASC 280, is our Chief Executive Officer. 

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we revised our business segments to better align them with end-markets for our 
products  and  services  and  our  CODM  began  managing  our  business  in  two  new  reportable  segments:  “Satellite  and 
Space Communications” and “Terrestrial and Wireless Networks.” As a result, the segment information for the prior 
fiscal years has been recast to conform to the current year presentation. 

Satellite  and  Space  Communications  is  organized  into  four  product  areas:  Satellite  Modem  and  Amplifier 
Technologies, Troposcatter and SATCOM Solutions, Space Components and Antennas, and High-Power Amplifiers 
and  Switches.  This  segment  offers  customers:  Satellite  ground  station  technologies,  services  and  system  integration 
that facilitate the transmission of voice, video and data over GEO, MEO and LEO satellite constellations, including 
solid-state  and  traveling  wave  tube  power  amplifiers,  modems,  VSAT  platforms  and  frequency  converters;  Satellite 
communications  and  tracking  antenna  systems,  including  high  precision  full  motion  fixed  and  mobile  X/Y  tracking 
antennas, RF feeds, reflectors and radomes; Over-the-horizon microwave equipment that can transmit digitized voice, 
video,  and  data  over  distances  up  to  200  miles  using  the  troposphere  and  diffraction,  including  the  Comtech 
COMET™; Solid-state, RF microwave high-power amplifiers and control components designed for radar, electronic 
warfare,  data  link,  medical  and  aviation  applications;  and  Procurement  and  supply  chain  management  of  high 
reliability EEE parts for satellite, launch vehicle and manned space applications.

F - 36

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  is  organized  into  four  product  areas:  Next  Generation  911  &  Call  Delivery, 
Solacom  Call  Handling  Solutions,  Trusted  Location  and  Messaging  Solutions,  and  Cyber  Security  Training  & 
Services. This segment offers customers: SMS Text to 911 services, providing alternate paths for individuals who need 
to  request  assistance  (via  text  messaging)  a  method  to  reach  Public  Safety  Answering  Points;  Next  Generation  911 
solutions,  providing  emergency  call  routing,  location  validation,  policy-based  routing  rules,  logging  and  security 
functionality;  Emergency  Services  IP  Network  transport  infrastructure  for  emergency  services  communications  and 
support  of  Next  Generation  911  services;  Call  handling  applications  for  Public  Safety  Answering  Points;  Wireless 
emergency  alerts  solutions  for  network  operators;  Software  and  equipment  for  location-based  and  text  messaging 
services for various applications, including for public safety, commercial and government services, and Cybersecurity 
training, skills labs, and competency assessments for both technical and non-technical applications.

Our  CODM  primarily  uses  a  metric  that  we  refer  to  as  Adjusted  EBITDA  to  measure  an  operating  segment’s 
performance and to make decisions about resources to be allocated. Our Adjusted EBITDA metric for the Satellite and 
Space  Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  segments  do  not  consider  any  allocation  of  indirect 
expense,  or  any  of  the  following:  income  taxes,  interest  (income)  and  other,  change  in  fair  value  of  the  convertible 
preferred stock purchase option liability, write-off of deferred financing costs, interest expense, amortization of stock-
based compensation, amortization of intangibles, depreciation expense, amortization of cost to fulfill assets, estimated 
contract settlement costs, settlement of intellectual property litigation, acquisition plan expenses, restructuring costs, 
COVID-19  related  costs,  strategic  emerging  technology  costs  (for  next-generation  satellite  technology),  facility  exit 
costs,  CEO  transition  costs,  proxy  solicitation  costs,  strategic  alternatives  expenses  and  other.  These  items,  while 
periodically affecting our results, may vary significantly from period to period and may have a disproportionate effect 
in  a  given  period,  thereby  affecting  the  comparability  of  results.  Any  amounts  shown  in  the  Adjusted  EBITDA 
calculation for our Satellite and Space Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments are directly 
attributable  to  those  segments.  Our  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  also  used  by  our  management  in  assessing  the  Company's 
operating  results.  Although  closely  aligned,  the  Company's  definition  of  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  different  than  the 
Consolidated EBITDA (as such term is defined in our Credit Facility) utilized for financial covenant calculations and 
also may differ from the definition of EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA used by other companies and, therefore, may not 
be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

F - 37

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Operating segment information, along with a reconciliation of segment net income (loss) and consolidated net income 
to Adjusted EBITDA is presented in the tables below:

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2022

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Unallocated

Total

Net sales

Operating (loss) income

Net (loss) income

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

 Interest (income) and other
 Change in fair value of convertible
   preferred stock purchase option liability

 Interest expense
 Amortization of stock-based
   compensation

 Amortization of intangibles

 Depreciation

 Amortization of cost to fulfill assets

 CEO transition costs

 Proxy solicitation costs

 Restructuring costs

 COVID-19 related costs

 Strategic emerging technology costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Total assets at July 31, 2022

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

279,678,000 

206,561,000 

—  $  486,239,000 

(5,671,000)   

18,925,000 

(47,006,000)  $ 

(33,752,000) 

(3,852,000)   

(1,120,000)   

(797,000) 

18,796,000 

(47,996,000)  $ 

(33,052,000) 

19,000 

110,000 

(2,922,000)   

(4,023,000) 

(16,000)   

(703,000) 

— 

98,000 

— 

7,312,000 

4,049,000 

469,000 

— 

— 

5,666,000 

1,105,000 

1,197,000 

— 

— 

— 

14,084,000 

6,069,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,005,000)   

(1,005,000) 

4,933,000 

5,031,000 

7,767,000 

— 

196,000 

— 

13,554,000 

11,248,000 

299,000 

— 

— 

7,767,000 

21,396,000 

10,314,000 

469,000 

13,554,000 

11,248,000 

5,965,000 

1,105,000 

1,197,000 

14,127,000 

39,078,000 

(13,942,000)  $ 

39,263,000 

8,915,000 

10,704,000 

—  $ 

19,619,000 

487,235,000 

461,443,000 

25,619,000  $  974,297,000 

F - 38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Net sales

Operating income (loss)

Net income (loss)

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

Interest (income) and other

Interest expense
Amortization of stock-based
 compensation

Amortization of intangibles

Depreciation

Acquisition plan expenses

Restructuring costs

COVID-19 related costs

Strategic emerging technology costs

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Long-lived assets acquired in connection
 with acquisitions

Total assets at July 31, 2021

Net sales

Operating income (loss)

Net income (loss)

(Benefit from) provision for income taxes

 Interest (income) and other

 Interest expense
 Amortization of stock-based
  compensation

 Amortization of intangibles

 Depreciation

 Estimated contract settlement costs

 Acquisition plan expenses

Adjusted EBITDA

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
Long-lived assets acquired in connection
 with acquisitions

Total assets at July 31, 2020

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Unallocated

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

374,850,000 

24,281,000 

206,845,000 

—  $  581,695,000 

25,185,000 

  (117,764,000)  $ 

(68,298,000) 

24,357,000 

24,396,000 

  (122,233,000)  $ 

(73,480,000) 

(377,000) 

235,000 

66,000 

— 

5,695,000 

3,721,000 

795,000 

(1,918,000)   

(1,500,000) 

(6,000) 

(368,000)   

(139,000) 

— 

— 

15,325,000 

5,316,000 

6,755,000 

6,821,000 

9,983,000 

9,983,000 

— 

21,020,000 

342,000 

9,379,000 

— 

(1,052,000)    101,344,000 

100,292,000 

2,782,000 

1,046,000 

315,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,782,000 

1,046,000 

315,000 

37,840,000 

44,774,000 

(6,095,000)  $ 

76,519,000 

8,456,000 

7,498,000 

83,000  $ 

16,037,000 

47,958,000 

507,981,000 

— 

—  $ 

47,958,000 

462,877,000 

22,253,000  $  993,111,000 

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2020

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Unallocated

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

411,073,000 

25,492,000 

205,642,000 

—  $  616,715,000 

29,316,000 

(39,634,000)  $ 

15,174,000 

25,714,000 

28,932,000 

(47,626,000)  $ 

7,020,000 

(29,000) 

(218,000) 

25,000 

— 

5,133,000 

3,854,000 

476,000 

751,000 

339,000 

1,980,000 

18,000 

27,000 

10,000 

6,002,000 

— 

9,275,000 

16,462,000 

5,939,000 

(32,000) 

— 

768,000 

— 

2,290,000 

(190,000) 

6,054,000 

9,275,000 

21,595,000 

10,561,000 

444,000 

— 

20,003,000 

20,754,000 

35,706,000 

51,685,000 

(9,588,000)  $ 

77,803,000 

3,801,000 

3,097,000 

327,000  $ 

7,225,000 

32,391,000 

412,704,000 

6,060,000 

—  $ 

38,451,000 

467,312,000 

49,631,000  $  929,647,000 

F - 39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

Unallocated  expenses  result  from  corporate  expenses  such  as  executive  compensation,  accounting,  legal  and  other 
regulatory  compliance  related  costs  and  also  includes  all  of  our  amortization  of  stock-based  compensation.  During 
fiscal 2021 and 2020, we recorded $100,292,000 and $20,754,000 of acquisition plan expenses, respectively, most of 
which  were  recorded  primarily  in  our  unallocated  expenses.  See  Note  (2)  -"Acquisitions"  for  further  information. 
During fiscal 2022, we incurred $11,248,000 of proxy solicitation costs (including legal and advisory fees and costs 
associated with a related lawsuit) as a result of a now settled proxy contest initiated by a shareholder during the first 
quarter  of  fiscal  2022.  Also,  during  fiscal  2022,  we  expensed  $13,554,000  of  transition  costs  related  to  our  former 
CEO, Fred Kornberg.

During fiscal 2022 and 2021, our Satellite and Space Communications segment recorded $5,666,000 and $2,782,000, 
respectively,  of  restructuring  costs  incurred  to  streamline  our  operations,  including  costs  related  to  the  ongoing 
relocation  of  certain  of  our  satellite  ground  station  production  facilities  to  a  new  146,000  square  foot  facility  in 
Chandler,  Arizona,  as  well  as  to  consolidate  certain  administrative  and  operating  functions  in  our  troposcatter  and 
SATCOM solutions product line. In addition, during fiscal 2022 and 2021, this segment also recorded $1,105,000 and 
$1,046,000  of  incremental  operating  costs  related  to  our  antenna  facility  located  in  the  United  Kingdom  due  to  the 
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no such charges recorded in fiscal 2020.

Interest expense in the tables above primarily relates to our Credit Facility, and includes the amortization of deferred 
financing  costs.  See  Note  (7)  -  "Credit  Facility"  for  further  discussion.  In  addition,  interest  expense  for  fiscal  2021 
includes  $1,178,000  of  incremental  interest  expense  related  to  a  now  terminated  financing  commitment  letter,  as 
discussed in more detail in Note (2) - "Acquisitions." 

Intersegment sales in fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 between the Satellite and Space Communications segment and the 
Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment were nominal. All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and 
are excluded from the tables above.

Unallocated assets at July 31, 2022 consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, income taxes receivable, corporate 
property, plant and equipment and deferred financing costs. The large majority of our long-lived assets are located in 
the U.S.

(12) Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Legal Proceedings and Other Matters

Settled Litigation Related to the Convertible Preferred Stock Issuance
In  October  2021,  Anthony  Franchi  (the  “Plaintiff”)  brought  a  putative  class  action  in  the  Court  of  Chancery  of  the 
State  of  Delaware  against  the  Company's  current  directors,  the  Company,  White  Hat  Capital  Partners  LP  (“White 
Hat”)  and  Magnetar  Capital  LLC  (“Magnetar”),  which  was  fully  resolved  by  the  parties  and  the  case  dismissed  by 
court order on May 3, 2022. The ultimate resolution of this matters did not result in a material adverse effect on our 
consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Other Matters 
In  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  include  indemnification  provisions  in  certain  of  our  customer  contracts  to 
indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse such customers for certain losses, including but not limited to losses related to 
third-party claims of intellectual property infringement arising from the customer’s use of our products or services. We 
may  also,  from  time  to  time,  receive  indemnification  requests  from  customers  related  to  third-party  claims  that  911 
calls were improperly routed during an emergency. We evaluate such claims as and when they arise. We do not always 
agree with customers that they are entitled to indemnification and in such cases reject their claims. Despite maintaining 
that we have properly carried out our duties, we may seek coverage under our various insurance policies; however, we 
cannot  be  sure  that  we  will  be  able  to  maintain  or  obtain  insurance  coverage  at  acceptable  costs  or  in  sufficient 
amounts  or  that  our  insurer  will  not  disclaim  coverage  as  to  such  claims.  Accordingly,  pending  or  future  claims 
asserted  against  us  by  a  party  that  we  agree  to  indemnify  could  result  in  legal  costs  and  damages  that  could  have  a 
material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

F - 40

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

There are certain other pending and threatened legal actions which arise in the normal course of business. Although the 
ultimate outcome of litigation is difficult to accurately predict, we believe that the outcome of these other pending and 
threatened  actions  will  not  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  consolidated  financial  condition  or  results  of 
operations.

(b) Employment Change of Control and Indemnification Agreements

As  of  July  31,  2022,  we  had  an  employment  agreement  with  Michael  Porcelain,  our  President  and  CEO.  The 
employment agreement generally provided for an annual salary and bonus award. On August 10, 2022, we announced 
the  mutually  agreed  separation  between  the  Company  and  Mr.  Porcelain  as  President  and  CEO  and  member  of  the 
Board of Directors. The Company entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Porcelain.  

On  August  9,  2022,  subsequent  to  year  end,  our  Board  of  Directors  appointed  our  Chairman  of  the  Board,  Ken 
Peterman, as President and CEO, and the Company entered an employment agreement with Mr. Peterman generally 
providing for an annual salary, bonus award, sign-on bonus, equity incentive awards and, under certain termination of 
employment, severance payment. 

Transition costs related to our former President and CEO, Mr. Porcelain, pursuant to his separation agreement with the 
Company,  were  approximately  $7.4  million,  of  which  $3.8  million  related  to  the  acceleration  of  unamortized  stock 
based compensation, with the remaining $3.6 million related to his severance payments and benefits upon termination 
of  employment.  The  cash  portion  of  the  transition  costs  of  $3.6  million  is  expected  to  be  paid  to  Mr.  Porcelain  in 
October  2022.  Also,  in  connection  with  Mr.  Peterman  entering  into  an  employment  agreement  with  the  Company, 
effective  as  of  August  9,  2022,  we  incurred  a  $1.0  million  expense  related  to  a  cash  sign-on  bonus.  CEO  transition 
costs related to Mr. Porcelain and Mr. Peterman will be expensed in our Unallocated segment during the first quarter 
of fiscal 2023.

We  have  also  entered  into  change  of  control  agreements  with  certain  of  our  executive  officers  and  certain  key 
employees. All of these agreements may require payments by us, in certain circumstances, including, but not limited 
to, a change in control of our Company or termination of the employee.

(13) Goodwill

The following table represents goodwill by reportable operating segment, including the changes in the net carrying 
value of goodwill as of July 31, 2022: 

Balance as of July 31, 2021

UHP acquisition
Balance as of July 31, 2022

Satellite and Space 
Communications

Terrestrial and 
Wireless Networks

Total

$ 

$ 

173,608,000 

174,090,000  $  347,698,000 

(6,000)   

173,602,000 

— 

(6,000) 
174,090,000  $  347,692,000 

In accordance with FASB ASC 350, we perform a goodwill impairment analysis at least annually (in the first quarter 
of each fiscal year), unless indicators of impairment exist in interim periods. If we fail the quantitative assessment of 
goodwill impairment ("quantitative assessment"), we would be required to recognize an impairment loss equal to the 
amount that a reporting unit's carrying value exceeded its fair value; however, any loss recognized should not exceed 
the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

As discussed further in Note 11 - "Segment Information", as a result of our segment restructuring in the fourth quarter 
of  fiscal  2022  from  the  Commercial  Solutions  and  Government  Solutions  segments  to  the  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications and Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segments, we performed an interim quantitative assessment as 
of July 29, 2022 and estimated the fair value of each of our reporting units, both before and after the change, using a 
combination of the income and market approaches. 

F - 41

 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

We performed our quantitative assessment using market participant assumptions to determine if the fair value of each 
of  our  reporting  units  with  goodwill  exceeded  its  carrying  value.  In  making  this  assessment,  we  considered,  among 
other things, expectations of projected net sales and cash flows, assumptions impacting the weighted average cost of 
capital, trends in trading multiples of comparable companies, changes in our stock price and changes in the carrying 
values of our reporting units with goodwill. We also considered overall business conditions.

The  income  approach,  also  known  as  the  discounted  cash  flow  ("DCF")  method,  utilizes  the  present  value  of  cash 
flows to estimate fair value. The future cash flows for our reporting units were projected based on our estimates, at that 
time, of future revenues, operating income and other factors (such as working capital and capital expenditures). For 
purposes of conducting our impairment analysis, we assumed revenue growth rates and cash flow projections that are 
below  our  actual  long-term  expectations.  The  discount  rates  used  in  our  DCF  method  were  based  on  a  weighted-
average  cost  of  capital  ("WACC")  determined  from  relevant  market  comparisons,  adjusted  upward  for  specific 
reporting unit risks (primarily the uncertainty of achieving projected operating cash flows). A terminal value growth 
rate was applied to the final year of the projected period, which reflects our estimate of stable, perpetual growth. We 
then calculated a present value of the respective cash flows for each reporting unit to arrive at an estimate of fair value 
under the income approach. Under the market approach, we estimated a fair value based on comparable companies' 
market  multiples  of  revenues  and  earnings  before  interest,  taxes,  depreciation  and  amortization  and  factored  in  a 
control  premium.  Finally,  we  compared  our  estimates  of  fair  values  to  our  total  public  market  capitalization  and 
assessed implied control premiums based on our common stock price of $11.62 as of the date of testing. 

Ultimately,  based  on  our  quantitative  evaluations,  we  determined  that  our  Satellite  and  Space  Communications  and 
Terrestrial and Wireless Networks reporting units had estimated fair values in excess of their carrying values of at least 
18.4%  and  11.6%,  respectively,  and  concluded  that  our  goodwill  was  not  impaired  and  that  neither  of  our  two 
reporting  units  was  at  risk  of  failing  the  quantitative  assessment.  Also,  given  its  proximity  to  our  next  regularly 
scheduled annual goodwill impairment testing date, we utilized our July 29, 2022 interim quantitative assessment to 
conclude  that  our  goodwill  was  not  impaired  and  that  neither  of  our  two  reporting  units  was  at  risk  of  failing  the 
quantitative  assessment  as  of  August  1,  2022.  Additionally,  the  carrying  value  of  goodwill  of  $347,692,000  was 
reallocated to our new reporting units based on their respective estimated relative fair value.        

It  is  possible  that,  during  fiscal  2023  or  beyond,  business  conditions  (both  in  the  U.S.  and  internationally)  could 
deteriorate from the current state, our current or prospective customers could materially postpone, reduce or even forgo 
purchases  of  our  products  and  services  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  currently  anticipate,  or  our  common  stock  price 
could  fluctuate.  Such  fluctuation  could  be  caused  by  uncertainty  about  the  severity  and  length  of  the  COVID-19 
pandemic, and its impact on global activity.

A significant decline in our customers' spending that is greater than we anticipate or a shift in funding priorities may 
also  have  a  negative  effect  on  future  orders,  sales,  income  and  cash  flows  and  we  might  be  required  to  perform  a 
quantitative assessment during fiscal 2023 or beyond. If assumed net sales and cash flow projections are not achieved 
in  future  periods  or  our  common  stock  price  significantly  declines  from  current  levels,  our  Satellite  and  Space 
Communications  and  Terrestrial  and  Wireless  Networks  reporting  units  could  be  at  risk  of  failing  the  quantitative 
assessment and goodwill assigned to the respective reporting units could be impaired.

In any event, we are required to perform the next annual goodwill impairment analysis on August 1, 2023 (the start of 
our  fiscal  2024).  If  our  assumptions  and  related  estimates  change  in  the  future,  or  if  we  change  our  reporting  unit 
structure  or  other  events  and  circumstances  change  (e.g.,  a  sustained  decrease  in  the  price  of  our  common  stock 
(considered on both absolute terms and relative to peers)), we may be required to record impairment charges when we 
perform  these  tests,  or  in  other  future  periods.  Any  impairment  charges  that  we  may  record  in  the  future  could  be 
material to our results of operations and financial condition.

F - 42

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

(14) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with finite lives as of July 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Weighted Average
Amortization Period

Gross Carrying
Amount

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Amount

July 31, 2022

Customer relationships

Technologies

Trademarks and other

Total

20.2

14.8

16.7

$  302,058,000 

107,500,000  $  194,558,000 

114,949,000 

32,926,000 

75,798,000 

19,332,000 

39,151,000 

13,594,000 

$  449,933,000 

202,630,000  $  247,303,000 

July 31, 2021

Customer relationships
Technologies
Trademarks and other
Total

Weighted Average
Amortization Period
20.2
14.8
16.7

Gross Carrying
Amount
$  302,058,000 
114,949,000 
32,926,000 
$  449,933,000 

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Carrying
Amount

93,215,000  $  208,843,000 
44,025,000 
70,924,000 
17,095,000 
15,831,000 
181,234,000  $  268,699,000 

The weighted average amortization period in the above table excludes fully amortized intangible assets. 

Amortization  expense  for  the  fiscal  years  ended  July  31,  2022,  2021  and  2020  was  $21,396,000,  $21,020,000  and 
$21,595,000, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense consists of the following for the fiscal years ending July 31:

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

$ 21,556,000 

  21,154,000 

  21,039,000 

  19,888,000 

  18,534,000 

We  review  net  intangible  assets  with  finite  lives  for  impairment  when  an  event  occurs  indicating  the  potential  for 
impairment.  Based  on  our  last  assessment,  we  believe  that  the  carrying  values  of  our  net  intangible  assets  were 
recoverable as of July 31, 2022. However, if business conditions deteriorate, we may be required to record impairment 
losses, and or increase the amortization of intangibles in the future. Any impairment charges that we may record in the 
future could be material to our results of operations and financial condition.

(15) Convertible Preferred Stock

On October 18, 2021, we entered into a Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with certain affiliates 
and related funds of White Hat Capital Partners LP and Magnetar Capital LLC (collectively, the “Investors”), relating 
to  the  issuance  and  sale  of  up  to  125,000  shares  of  a  new  series  of  the  Company's  Series  A  Convertible  Preferred 
Stock,  par  value  $0.10  per  share  (the  “Convertible  Preferred  Stock”),  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of  up  to 
$125,000,000,  or  $1,000  per  share.  On  October  19,  2021  (the  “Initial  Closing  Date”),  pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the 
Subscription Agreement, the Investors purchased an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Convertible Preferred Stock (the 
“Initial Issuance”) for an aggregate purchase price of $100,000,000. The Investors have a one-time option exercisable 
at  any  time  on  or  prior  to  March  31,  2023  to  purchase  additional  shares  of  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  for  an 
aggregate  purchase  price  of  $25,000,000.  This  purchase  option  is  commonly  referred  to  as  a  “Green  Shoe”  and 
together with the Initial Issuance, is collectively referred to as the “Issuance.” 

F - 43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

The adjusted conversion price for the shares issued in the Initial Issuance is $23.97, and the adjusted conversion price 
for the Green Shoe is $31.21, subject to certain adjustments set forth in the Certificate of Designations filed with the 
Secretary of the Stare of Delaware.

The  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  ranks  senior  to  the  shares  of  our  common  stock,  with  respect  to  the  payment  of 
dividends and the distribution of assets upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The Convertible 
Preferred  Stock  initially  had  a  liquidation  preference  of  $1,000  per  share  with  each  share  entitled  to  a  cumulative 
dividend (the “Dividend”) at the rate of 6.5% per annum, compounding quarterly, paid-in-kind or paid in cash, at our 
election.  For  any  quarter  in  which  we  elect  not  to  pay  the  Dividend  in  cash  with  respect  to  a  share  of  Convertible 
Preferred Stock, such Dividend becomes part of the liquidation preference of such share. In addition, no dividend or 
other distribution on our common stock in excess of our $0.10 per share per quarter will be declared or paid on the 
common stock unless, at the time of such declaration and payment, an equivalent dividend or distribution is declared 
and  paid  on  the  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  (the  “Participating  Dividend”),  provided  that  in  the  case  of  any  such 
dividend in the form of cash, in lieu of a cash payment, such Participating Dividend will become part of the liquidation 
preference  of  the  shares  of  the  Convertible  Preferred  Stock.  Such  Participating  Dividend  results  in  the  Convertible 
Preferred Stock meeting the definition of a "participating security" for purposes of our earnings per share calculations.

As of September 29, 2022, the Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock at the option of 
the  holders.  At  any  time  after  October  19,  2024,  we  have  the  right  to  mandate  the  conversion  of  the  Convertible 
Preferred Stock, subject to certain restrictions, based on the price of the common stock in the preceding thirty trading 
days. 

Holders  of  the  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  are  entitled  to  vote  with  the  holders  of  the  common  stock  on  an  as-
converted basis, as well as are entitled to a separate class vote with respect to, among other things, amendments to our 
organizational documents that have an adverse effect on the Convertible Preferred Stock, authorizations or issuances 
of securities of the Company, the payment of dividends other than dividends on common stock in the ordinary course 
consistent  with  past  practice  on  a  quarterly  basis  in  an  amount  not  to  exceed  our  current  dividend  rate  of  $0.10  per 
share per quarter, related party transactions, repurchases or redemptions of securities of the Company (other than the 
repurchase of up to $25,000,000 of shares of common stock), dispositions of businesses or assets, the incurrence of 
certain indebtedness and certain amendments or extensions of our existing Credit Facility.

Holders will have the right to require the Company to repurchase such holder's Convertible Preferred Stock on a date 
occurring  either  (a)  on  or  after  October  19,  2026  (the  “Optional  Repurchase  Trigger  Date”)  at  a  price  equal  to  the 
liquidation  preference  or  (b)  in  connection  with  a  conversion  of  Convertible  Preferred  Stock,  pursuant  to  which  the 
number of shares of common stock issuable upon such conversion would exceed 19.99% of the issued and outstanding 
shares of common stock as of October 18, 2021 (such excess shares, "Excess Conversion Shares"), at any time after 
the date that is 91 days after the maturity date of the Company's existing Credit Facility, at a price per share equal to 
the number of Excess Conversion Shares multiplied by the Last Reported Sales Price (as defined) of common stock on 
the  applicable  conversion  date.  In  addition,  each  holder  will  have  the  right  to  cause  the  Company  to  repurchase  its 
shares  of  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  in  connection  with  a  Change  of  Control,  at  a  price  equal  to  the  liquidation 
preference.

We  determined  that  our  obligation  to  issue  the  Green  Shoe  at  any  time  on  or  prior  to  March  31,  2023  meets  the 
definition of a freestanding financial instrument that should be accounted for as a liability. As such, we established an 
initial  convertible  preferred  stock  purchase  option  liability  of  $1,005,000  and  reduced  the  proceeds  from  the  Initial 
Issuance by such amount. The liability will be remeasured to its estimated fair value each reporting period until such 
instrument is exercised or expires. Changes in its estimated fair value are recognized as a non-cash charge or benefit 
and presented on the consolidated statement of operations. The estimated fair value of the convertible preferred stock 
purchase option liability was nominal as of July 31, 2022. During fiscal 2022, we recorded a benefit $1,005,000 for the 
remeasurement of the convertible preferred stock purchase option liability. 

F - 44

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Continued

In accordance with ASC 480, "Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity," specifically ASC 480-10-S99-3A(2), SEC Staff 
Announcement:  Classification  and  Measurement  of  Redeemable  Securities,  we  have  classified  the  Convertible 
Preferred  Stock  outside  of  permanent  equity  as  temporary  equity  since  the  redemption  of  such  shares  is  not  solely 
within our control and we could be required by the holder to redeem the shares for cash or other assets, at their option. 
Upon the Initial Issuance, we recorded the Convertible Preferred Stock, net of issuance costs of $4,007,000 and net of 
the  portion  of  such  proceeds  allocated  to  the  convertible  preferred  stock  purchase  option  liability  described  above, 
which resulted in an initial carrying value of the Convertible Preferred Stock less than its initial redemption value of 
$100,000,000.  We  have  elected  to  adjust  the  carrying  value  of  the  Convertible  Preferred  Stock  to  its  current 
redemption value of $105,204,000, which includes $4,638,000 of dividends paid in kind and $566,000 of accumulated 
and  unpaid  dividends.  As  such,  an  adjustment  of  $10,216,000  to  increase  the  carrying  value  of  the  Convertible 
Preferred Stock was recorded against retained earnings during fiscal 2022.

(16) Stockholders’ Equity

Sale of Common Stock
On March 3, 2021, in connection with our acquisition of UHP, we filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC for 
the  sale  by  the  selling  stockholder  of  UHP  of  up  to  1,381,567  shares  of  our  common  stock.  The  shelf  registration 
statement  was  declared  effective  by  the  SEC  as  of  March  15,  2021.  On  July  13,  2022,  we  filed  a  shelf  registration 
statement with the SEC for the sale of 606,302 additional shares of our common stock by the selling stockholder of 
UHP. The shelf registration statement was declared effective by the SEC as of July 25, 2022. To-date, we have issued 
all 1,987,869 shares pursuant to these shelf registration statements to satisfy payment and escrow arrangements under 
the terms of the stock purchase agreement. See Note (2) - "Acquisitions - UHP Networks Inc." for further information.

On July 13, 2022, we filed a $200,000,000 shelf registration statement with the SEC for the sale of various types of 
securities, including debt. The shelf registration was declared effective by the SEC as of July 25, 2022. To-date, we 
have not issued any securities pursuant to our $200,000,000 shelf registration statement.

Common Stock Repurchase Program
On  September  29,  2020,  our  Board  of  Directors  authorized  a  new  $100,000,000  stock  repurchase  program,  which 
replaced our prior program. The new $100,000,000 stock repurchase program has no time restrictions and repurchases 
may be made from time to time in open-market or privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance 
with federal securities laws. There were no repurchases made during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2022 or 2021.

Dividends on Common Stock
Since September 2010, we have paid quarterly cash dividends pursuant to an annual targeted dividend amount that was 
established by our Board of Directors. On October 4, 2021, December 9, 2021, March 10, 2022 and June 9, 2022, our 
Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  of  $0.10  per  common  share,  which  were  paid  on  November  12,  2021, 
February 18, 2022, May 20, 2022 and August 19, 2022, respectively. 

On  September  29,  2022,  our  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  cash  dividend  of  $0.10  per  common  share,  payable  on 
November  18,  2022  to  stockholders  of  record  at  the  close  of  business  on  October  19,  2022.  Future  common  stock 
dividends remain subject to compliance with financial covenants under our Credit Facility, as well as Board approval 
and certain voting rights of holders of our Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

F - 45

Schedule II

COMTECH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP.
AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Fiscal Years Ended July 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 

Column A

Column B

Column C Additions

Column D  

Column E

Balance at
beginning of
period

Charged to
cost and
expenses

Charged to
other 
accounts
- describe

Transfers
(deductions)
- describe

Balance at
end of
period

Description

Allowance for doubtful 
accounts receivable:

Year ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

$  1,648,000 

838,000 

(A)

— 

(149,000)  (B)

$  2,337,000 

  1,769,000 

  1,867,000 

(18,000)  (A)

215,000 

(C)

(318,000)  (B)

45,000 

(A)

— 

(143,000)  (B)

1,648,000 

1,769,000 

Inventory reserves:

Year ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

$ 20,229,000 

  4,447,000 

  19,076,000 

  4,364,000 

  19,696,000 

  1,647,000 

(D)

(D)

(D)

Valuation allowance for 
deferred tax assets:

Year ended July 31,

2022

2021

2020

$ 28,384,000 

  2,947,000 

  11,471,000 

  17,750,000 

  12,568,000 

750,000 

(F)

(F)

(F)

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  (1,555,000)  (E)

$ 23,121,000 

  (3,211,000)  (E)

  20,229,000 

  (2,267,000)  (E)

  19,076,000 

(104,000)  (F)

$ 31,227,000 

(837,000)  (F)

  28,384,000 

  (1,847,000)  (F)

  11,471,000 

(A) Provision for doubtful accounts.
(B) Write-off of uncollectible receivables.
(C)

Increase due to our August 1, 2020 adoption of FASB ASU No. 2016-13, on a modified-retrospective basis, which requires companies to 
utilize an impairment model (current expected credit loss ("CECL”)) for most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other 
financial instruments, which include, but are not limited to trade receivables and contract assets. 

(D) Provision for excess and obsolete inventory.
(E) Write-off of inventory.
(F) Change in valuation allowance. See Note (9) - "Income Taxes" for further discussion.

S - 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CORPORATE INFORMATION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Ken Peterman
Chairman of the Board  
President and Chief Executive Officer

(Listed Below Alphabetically)
Wendi Carpenter
Principal and Founder of Gold Star
Strategies. LLC

Judy Chambers
Managing Principal and a Member of the
Board of Meketa Investment Group

Lisa Lesavoy
Owner, Lesavoy Financial 
Perspectives, Inc.

Mark Quinlan
Co-founder and Managing Partner,
White Hat Capital Partners

Dr. Yacov A. Shamash
Professor of Electrical and Computer 
Engineering at Stony Brook University

Lawrence J. Waldman
Non-Executive Chairman of the Board
CVD Equipment Corporation

CORPORATE MANAGEMENT
Ken Peterman
President and Chief Executive Officer

Maria Hedden
Chief Operating Officer

Michael A. Bondi
Chief Financial Officer

Yelena Simonyuk
Chief Legal Officer

Nancy Stallone
Treasurer and Corporate Secretary 

Michael Plourde
Vice President of Global Engineering and Programs

Marcus Alston
Chief Trade Compliance Officer

Anirban Chakraborty
Chief Growth Officer

Jennie Reilly
Chief People Officer

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTANTS 
Deloitte & Touche LLP 
Jericho, New York 11753

MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK
Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock  
Market LLC  under the stock symbol CMTL

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
American Stock Transfer and Trust Co.
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11219

COMMON STOCK PRICE RANGE

     High   

 Low

Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2022
First Quarter      
Second Quarter  
Third Quarter  
Fourth Quarter  

$26.81 
  27.46  
21.33  
13.60 

   $20.78
19.33
13.20
8.62

INVESTOR RELATIONS AND SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
Visit  us  at  www.comtech.com  or  call  (631)  962-7102.  A 
copy  of  the  Form  10-K  Annual  Report,  exhibits  and 
other  reports  as  filed  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission  are  available  to  shareholders.  Requests  
for 
information  should  be  made  by  submitting  an 
email  to  investors@comtech.com  or  by  writing  to  us  at  
Comtech  Telecommunications  Corp.,  Attention:  Vice 
President  of  Investor  Relations,  68  South  Service  Road, 
Suite 230, Melville, NY 11747. 

 
 
    
  
 
 
68 South Service Road, Suite 230
Melville, New York 11747
Tel: (631) 962-7000 • Fax: (631) 962-7001
www.comtech.com