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FY2017 Annual Report · Continental Resources
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Letter from the Chairman of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated 

We are all very proud of Clearwater’s success over the past 41 years.  

We are disappointed by the outcome of the Department of Fisheries decision to expropriate 25% of the total 
allowable catch (“TAC”) for Arctic surf clams.   This means middle class jobs will be lost and valuable full 
time jobs will be converted to temporary seasonal work in the Canadian fishery.  This decision undermines 
the  good  faith  capital  investment  decisions  of  the  private  sector  as  the  Minister  has  destabilized  the 
investment climate in the Canadian fisheries and the Canadian natural resource sector.  Despite this failure 
of  public  policy  we  remain  committed  to  Clearwater’s  core  mission  to  build  the  world’s  most 
extraordinary wild seafood company, dedicated to sustainable seafood excellence. 

Our entrepreneurial zeal for growth, diversity and continuous improvements that energized us to develop 
new markets and pioneer new fisheries continues to hold true today.  It is why we have been successful for 
the last 41 years and while we will continue to be successful into the future.   

Even more importantly, we are reminded daily that our greatest resource is our people. Although we harvest 
the richest bounty of the oceans off Atlantic Canada, Argentina and the UK, these valued seafood resources 
pale in comparison to the quality of our people. The success of Clearwater relates directly to its extremely 
dedicated workforce that has faced every new challenge with courage and determination and has allowed 
us to turn those challenges into opportunities and to grow our company into a world leader in the global 
seafood industry.   

Whether our people are at sea, in plants, offices or helping customers, their commitment to providing the 
finest  quality  seafood  never  waivers.  Dedication  to  responsible  and  sustainable  harvesting,  innovation 
quality control processing and timely delivery are behind everything we do.  

Colin MacDonald 

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Letter from the Chief Executive Officer of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated 

Clearwater 2017 - “Remarkable seafood, Responsible Choice” 

For more than a decade, Clearwater has been recognized by the Marine Stewardship Council as a world 
leader  in  sustainable  harvesting  for  wild  fisheries  offering  the  widest  selection  of  certified  sustainable 
seafood in more than forty countries. When you invest in Clearwater, you are subscribing to one of the 
world’s most innovative, global and sustainable seafood companies. During 2017, as we faced significant 
challenges in Total Allowable Catch (“TAC”) in Frozen-at-Sea (“FAS”) shrimp, near term margin declines 
in Arctic Surf Clam as well as FX volatility across multiple currencies, we stayed true to our mission and 
our future.  

While science-based TAC reductions had a negative impact on annual results, investing in the long-term 
health and the responsible harvesting of a renewable resource remains one of our primary responsibilities 
as an industry leader and is never the wrong choice.  It is also the only proven way to ensure access to a 
reliable, stable, renewable and long-term supply of seafood and remains a core strategy at Clearwater.   

While Arctic Surf Clam pricing incentives offered in Asia and the Americas in the latter half of 2016 have 
led to near term margin declines, we have successfully expanded global sales volumes by more than 70% 
and revenues by 30% over the last two years. In late 2017, the Chinese Ecommerce giant Alibaba honoured 
Clearwater and the Arctic Surf Clam as one of 58 Foods (from all food categories and from all countries) 
that have had an influence on Chinese consumers' tables. Clearwater also won Alibaba’s "Best Partner" 
award for strategic cooperation. Clearwater was the only Canadian company to receive these honours from 
this global market leader. 

The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans decision to expropriate 25% of the Arctic Surf Clam TAC was a 
disappointment.  As  a  result,  Clearwater  will  make  necessary  adjustments  to  our  business  to  maintain 
shareholder value and protect the hundreds of remaining middle-class jobs related to this fishery in local 
coastal communities of Atlantic Canada. This failure of public policy will not deter Clearwater’s resolve 
and fierce determination to continue to work with the Mi’kmaq, Qikiqtaaluk and other Indigenous partners 
in Atlantic Canada and the North to build a better model for economic cooperation and development in 
Canadian fisheries as well as long-term shareholder value. 

For 2018, modest TAC reductions in clam and the announcement of a new entrant, potential TAC reductions 
in scallops, competitive market pressure associated with an anticipated significant increase in US scallop 
supply and foreign exchange headwinds are expected to offset progress in volume, pricing and margin on 
other  core  species. Significantly  lower  capital  expenditures  and  further  inventory  reductions  to  historic 
levels, are expected to increase free cash flow which will result in lower debt and leverage.  Combined with 
the seasonality of our business, we expect leverage to be higher during the first nine months of 2018 before 
improving by the end of the year.   

Our core fisheries are managed for long-term sustainability, we have taken timely and carefully considered 
measures  in  response  to  these  near-term  challenges  including  adjustments  to  harvest  plans,  pricing  and 
distribution  strategies,  cost  and  working  capital  reductions  and  a  major  organization  restructuring 
completed in December 2017. We expect these measures will generate strong cash flows from operations, 

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reduce debt and leverage, yield a higher return on assets and generate positive returns to shareholder value. 
Details include:   

1)  Capital Spending and Working Capital Reductions. With the successful completion of our five-year 
fleet renewal program in 2017, capital spending will decline by $60 to 70 million in 2018. In fact, with 
one of the youngest and best-maintained offshore fleets in Canada, we expect to be able to maintain 
these  modest  new  capital  spending  limits  for  years  to  come.    Inventory  is  expected  to  continue  to 
decrease with further reductions of $10-20 million by the end of the year. 

2)  Organization Restructuring and Improved Cost Management. In the Third Quarter of 2017, we 
initiated  a  company-wide  restructuring  targeting  annualized  savings  of  a  minimum  of  $10  million, 
incurring one-time charges of up to $8.0 million (with $6.7 million being recorded in the fourth quarter 
of 2017). While these changes to our organizational structure are significant, they will make us leaner, 
more agile and reflect our greater ability to leverage state-of-the-art technology and smarter systems to 
drive margin improvement through increased price realization and improved cost management. 

In 2018, Clearwater will continue to navigate the combined forces of technological change, globalization 
and Mother Nature. Meanwhile, industry fundamentals of limited supply of wild capture seafood, growing 
population, demand and purchasing power of middle class consumers- especially in Asia, will remain in 
our favor strengthening our value proposition and creating long- term value for our customers, employees, 
communities and shareholders.  

If you are already a customer or an investor, thank you for your continued support! If not, we encourage 
you  to  join  us  in  our  uniquely  Canadian  Mission  to  build  the  world’s  most  extraordinary  wild  seafood 
company dedicated to sustainable seafood excellence!    

Ian D. Smith 

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Table of Contents 

Management discussion and analysis 

Non-IFRS measures  
Clearwater overview 
Mission, value proposition and strategies 
Capability to deliver results 
Explanation of 2017 results 
Capital structure 
Liquidity 
Commitments 
Outlook 
Risks and uncertainties 
Critical accounting policies 
Related party transactions 
Summary of quarterly results 
Non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations 

Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated - 2017 financial statements 
Quarterly and share information 
Selected annual information 
Corporate information 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS   

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) was prepared effective March 6, 2018.   

The Audit Committee and the Board of Directors of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated (“Clearwater”, or 
“the  Company”)  have  reviewed  and  approved  the  contents  of  this  MD&A,  the  consolidated  Financial 
Statements and the 2017 fourth quarter news release.   

This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the 2017 annual consolidated Financial Statements and the 
2017 Annual Information Form, which are available on Sedar at www.sedar.com as well as Clearwater’s 
website, www.clearwater.ca. 

COMMENTARY REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This  report  contains  “forward-looking  information”  as  defined  under  applicable  Canadian  securities 
legislation. Forward-looking information typically, but not always, contains statements with words such 
as  “anticipate”,  “does  not  anticipate”,  “believe”,  “estimate”,  “forecast”,  “intend”,  “expect”,  “does  not 
expect”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “plan”, or other similar terms that are predictive in nature.  All statements 
other  than  statements  of  historical  fact,  including,  without  limitation,  statements  regarding  future 
strategies, plans and objectives of Clearwater, constitute forward-looking information that involve various 
known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors outside management’s control.    

Forward-looking information is based on a number of factors and assumptions which have been used to 
develop such information but which may prove to be incorrect, including, but not limited to, total allowable 
catch levels, selling prices, weather, exchange rates, fuel and other input costs.   

There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate and actual results and future 
events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking information.  

For additional information with respect to risk factors applicable to Clearwater, reference should be made 
to those factors discussed under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties” in this management discussion and 
analysis and Clearwater's continuous disclosure materials filed from time to time with securities regulators, 
including, but not limited to, Clearwater's Annual Information Form.  

The  forward-looking  information  contained  in  this  report  is  made  as  of  the  date  of  this  release  and 
Clearwater does not undertake to update publicly or revise the forward-looking information contained in 
this  report,  whether  as  a  result  of  new  information,  future  events  or  otherwise,  except  as  required  by 
applicable securities laws. 

No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the adequacy or accuracy of this report. 

NON-IFRS MEASURES 

This MD&A makes reference to several non-IFRS measures to supplement the analysis of Clearwater’s 
results.  These  measures  are  provided  to  enhance  the  reader’s  understanding  of  our  current  financial 
performance.  They  are  included  to  provide  investors  and  management  with  an  alternative  method  for 
assessing our operating results in a manner that is focused on the performance of our ongoing operations 
and  to  provide  a  consistent  basis  for  comparison  between  periods.    These  non-IFRS  measures  are  not 
recognized  measures  under  IFRS,  and  therefore  they  may  not  to  be  comparable  to  similar  measures 
presented by other companies. 

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Management believes that in addition to sales, net earnings and cash provided by operating activities, these 
non-IFRS  measures  are  useful terms  from  which  to determine  Clearwater’s  ability  to  generate  cash  for 
investment in working capital, capital expenditures, debt service, income tax and dividends. 

These  non-IFRS  measures include  gross  margin,  adjusted  EBITDA,  adjusted  earnings,  free  cash  flows, 
leverage, and return on assets.  

Gross Margin 
Gross  margin  consists  of  sales  less  cost  of  goods  sold  which  includes  harvesting,  distribution,  direct 
manufacturing costs, manufacturing overhead, certain administration expenses and depreciation related to 
manufacturing operations. 

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”)  
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding extraordinary, non-operating, non-recurring or non-
routine items that are unusual and are deemed not to be a part of normal operations of the business. Items 
that  are  excluded  from  adjusted  EBITDA  include  restructuring  and  reorganization  expenses,  gains  and 
losses on investment activities, costs associated with acquisitions to the extent not capitalized, financing 
and refinancing costs, net gains on insurance claims and stock based compensation.  In addition, recurring 
accounting gains and losses on foreign exchange (other than realized gains and losses on forward exchange 
contracts), have been excluded from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. Unrealized gains and losses on 
forward exchange contracts relate to economic hedging on future operational transactions and by adjusting 
for them, the results more closely reflect the economic effect of the hedging relationships in the period to 
which they relate.   

Adjusted Earnings 
Adjusted  Earnings  is  defined  as  earnings  excluding  items  such  as  refinancing  and  reorganization  costs, 
acquisition related costs and recurring accounting gains and losses on foreign exchange (other than realized 
gains  and  losses  on  forward  exchange  contracts).  Unrealized  gains  and  losses  on  forward  exchange 
contracts  relate  to  economic  hedging  on  future  operational  transactions  and  by  adjusting  for  them,  the 
results more closely reflect the economic effect of the hedging relationships in the period to which they 
relate. In addition adjustments to stock based compensation have been excluded from Adjusted Earnings as 
they do not relate to the general operations of the business. 

Free Cash Flow 
Free cash flow is defined as cash flows from operating activities, less planned capital expenditures (net of 
any borrowings of debt designated to fund such expenditures), scheduled payments on long-term debt and 
distributions to non-controlling interests.  Items excluded from the free cash flow include items such as 
debt refinancing and repayments changes in the revolving loan and financing and investing activities. 

Leverage  
Leverage is defined as the ratio of adjusted EBITDA attributed to Shareholders of Clearwater to the total 
debt (excluding non-controlling interest) on the balance sheet adjusted for cash reserves (excluding non-
controlling interest). 

Return on assets 
Return on assets is defined as the ratio of adjusted earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) to average 
total quarterly assets including all working capital assets. 

Refer to non-IFRS measures reconciliations for further information. 

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CLEARWATER OVERVIEW 

Leading Global Provider of Wild-Caught Shellfish 
Clearwater is North America’s largest vertically integrated harvester, processor and distributor of premium 
shellfish. With harvesting operations in Canada, Argentina and the UK, Clearwater is recognized for its 
consistent quality, wide diversity, and reliable delivery of premium, wild, eco-labeled seafood, including 
scallops, lobster, clams, coldwater shrimp, crab and groundfish with approximately 94 million pounds sold 
in 2017. 

Powerful Industry Fundamentals 
Global demand for premium wild caught seafood among aging boomers and a rising middle class in the 
Asian-Pacific  region  is  outpacing  resource  supply.    This  in  combination  with  conservatively  managing 
seafood fisheries to protect the long term health of the industry is creating new opportunities from the rising 
demand for high-quality sustainable seafood. 

Clearwater’s Vertical Integration Creates Barriers To Entry and Sustainable Competitive 
Advantage 
Clearwater is the largest holder of shellfish quotas and licenses within Canada and maintains the widest 
selection of Marine Stewardship Council (“MSC”)-certified species of any shellfish harvester worldwide.  
Regulatory authorities strictly control access to quota and rarely grant new licenses.   

Clearwater continues to  create  competitive  advantage  through  investment in research  and  development,   
technology and intellectual property that has resulted in state-of-the-art factory vessels with harvesting and 
processing technologies that enable high productivity and frozen-at-sea products that deliver superior taste 
and quality.  

Clearwater maintains a global, direct sales force that is capable of interacting with and selling directly to 
diverse markets worldwide.  Our channel mix in food service, retail and other food industries ensures a 
diverse community of customers and we have no single customer representing more than 8% of total annual 
sales.   

The vertical integration of Clearwater’s quotas and licences, sustainable fishing practices, at-sea processing 
of  shellfish,  onshore  processing  and  distribution  network  and  global  sales  forces  combine  to  make 
Clearwater the industry leader in shellfish. 

Proven and Experienced Leadership Team 
Clearwater continues to build upon its world class capabilities in quality control and food safety, operations, 
new product development and leadership through the addition of key resources to complement its existing 
team. Through its deep industry knowledge and talent, our team will continue to deliver on our operational 
and financial growth opportunities. 

8 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
CLEARWATER’S MISSION, VALUE PROPOSITION AND STRATEGIES 

Mission 

Clearwater’s  mission  is  to  build  the  world’s  most  extraordinary,  wild  seafood  company,  dedicated  to 
sustainable seafood excellence.  

We define: 

 

 

 

“extraordinary” as sustainable, growth in revenue, margins, adjusted EBITDA, free cash flows 
and the creation of long-term shareholder value;  

“wild seafood” as premium wild shellfish, including our core species (scallops, lobster, coldwater 
shrimp, clams and langoustines); and 

“sustainable seafood excellence” as delivering best-in-class quality, food safety, traceability and 
certified sustainability. 

We believe that the fulfillment of this mission will result in extraordinary value creation for shareholders, 
customers, employees and for the communities in which we work and live.  

Value Proposition 

At  Clearwater,  we  have  a  passion  for  wild  seafood  and  strive  to  deliver  a  highly  differentiated  and 
competitively advantaged value proposition to a global customer base. Key elements of Clearwater’s unique 
value proposition are: 

  Great tasting, nutritious, highest quality, frozen-at-sea, premium shellfish. 

  Expertise in premium shellfish science, harvesting, processing and logistics technology to ensure 

quality and safety from “ocean to plate”. 

  Marine Stewardship Council (“MSC”) certification for sustainability of species to ensure both the 

traceability and long-term health of our wild resource. 

  Competitively advantaged global customer service with local market understanding and insight. 

  Scale in license and quota ownership guaranteeing exclusive and stable supply to service even the 

largest global retail and food service customers.   

Strategies 

Clearwater’s  six  core  strategies  are  designed  to  strengthen  a  competitive  and  differentiated  value 
proposition.  They are: 

1.  Expanding Access to Supply – Expanding access to supply of core species and other complementary, 
high  demand,  premium,  wild  and  sustainably  harvested  seafood  through  improved  utilization  and 
productivity  of  core  licenses  as  well  as  acquisitions,  partnerships,  joint  ventures  and  commercial 
agreements. 

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•  Completed fleet modernization program   

In December 2017, Clearwater launched its new $70 million state-of-the-art factory clam vessel, the 
Anne  Risley,  replacing  an  existing  31  year-old  clam  vessel.  It  is  expected  to  deliver  significant 
productivity and efficiency improvements to the clam fleet. This investment follows the launch of 
the $65 million Belle Carnell in July 2015, which now completes Clearwater’s fleet modernization 
program, creating one of the most modern and technologically advanced fishing fleets in the world.  

•  Largest Holder of Shellfish Licenses and Quotas in Canada 

Operating from ocean-to-plate, Clearwater is the largest holder of shellfish licenses and quotas in 
Canada,  including  Arctic  Surf  Clam,  Offshore  Lobster,  Canadian  Sea  Scallops  and  Coldwater 
Shrimp,  in  addition  to  Argentine  Scallops  in  Argentina.  Licensing,  quotas  and  strategic 
procurement provide Clearwater with a consistent and renewable supply of premium, wild-caught, 
sustainably-harvested seafood for distribution around the globe.  

•  Macduff Shellfish Group 

Macduff is now fully integrated. Together, both companies will continue to grow as one of the 
world’s  leading  vertically-integrated  harvesters,  processors  and  distributors  of  premium,  wild 
shellfish. Closely complementing Clearwater’s product offerings, Macduff provides access to an 
additional 7,000 metric tons of premium, wild-caught, safe and traceable shellfish, including King 
and Queen Scallops, Langoustine, Brown Crab and Whelk. In addition to being a leading harvester, 
Macduff is one of the largest processors of wild shellfish in the UK with tremendous opportunity 
for future growth. 

2.  Target profitable & growing markets, channels & customers – Clearwater targets growing markets, 
consumers, channels and customers on the basis of size, profitability, demand for eco-label seafood and 
ability to win.  Our focus is to win in key channels and with customers that are winning with consumers. 

•  Expanding channels and partnerships in key markets 

In Asia, Clearwater grew sales through market expansion of traditional channels and forging new 
strategic channels, including signing an agreement with Alibaba in China to expand the range of 
products available for sale through ecommerce platforms.  

In North America, Clearwater continues to make inroads for Macduff species, expanding the product 
offering into well established markets.  

3. 

Innovate and position products to deliver superior customer satisfaction and value – We continue to 
work with customers on new products and formats as we innovate and position our premium seafood to 
deliver superior satisfaction and value that’s relevantly differentiated on the dimensions of taste, quality, 
safety, sustainability, wellness, convenience and fair labour practices. 

• 

Increasing product variety and preventing imitation 
Clearwater continues to offer new products and formats to consumers and foodservice customers, 
including bacon-wrapped sea scallops in Europe, pre-cooked and triple-scored rock crab claws and 
hand peeled and deveined Norway lobster tails in North America. In addition, new anti-counterfeit 
packaging for arctic surf clams has been introduced into the Chinese market, along with new clam 
formats for the Kaiten sushi markets in Japan.  

10 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. 

Increase margins by improving price realization and cost management – Leverage the scarcity of 
seafood supply and increasing global demand, in addition to continuing to invest in, innovate and adopt 
state-of-the-art technology, systems and processes.   

•  Position organization for price realization and cost management 

In the fourth quarter of 2017, Clearwater initiated a company-wide restructuring that will result in 
net 2018 year-over-year savings in excess of $6 million and annualized savings of $10 million, 
incurring one-time charges of $6.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2017.  While these changes to 
the organizational structure are significant, they will make Clearwater leaner, more agile and reflect 
a  greater  ability  to  leverage  state-of-the-art  technology  and  smarter  systems  to  drive  margin 
improvement through increased price realization and improved cost management. 

•  Leveraging Intellectual Property and Technology 

Clearwater  continues  to  leverage  and  further  evolve  its  proprietary  technology  to  reduce  costs, 
reduce carbon footprint and maximize the taste and quality of our products. 

o  Ocean  floor  mapping  is  utilized  on  our  fleet  in  combination  with  fishery  specific 
innovative gear and geographic positioning technology enabling us to continually increase 
the productivity of our fleet. 

o  Patented  automatic  shucking  technology  and  solutions  deliver  superior  products  to 
customers by enabling fresh frozen-at-sea products that are frozen within an hour of catch 
that deliver a superior taste and quality product. 

o  Our state-of-the-art IP  protected  Clam  dredging  technology  was  further refined  and 
implemented  on  our  newest  fleet  addition,  the  Anne  Risley  providing  lower  costs, 
improved productivity while reducing the Company’s carbon footprint. 

5.  Pursue and preserve the long-term sustainability of resources on land on sea – As a leading global 
supplier of wild-harvested seafood, sustainability remains at the core of our business and our mission. 
Investing in the long-term health and the responsible harvesting of the oceans and the bounty is every 
harvester’s responsibility and the only proven way to ensure access to a reliable, stable, renewable and 
long-term supply of seafood. Sustainability is not just good business, like innovation it’s in our DNA. 
That’s why Clearwater has been recognized by the Marine Stewardship Council (“MSC”) as a leader in 
sustainable harvesting for wild fisheries and how Clearwater can offer the widest selection of sustainably-
certified species of any seafood harvester worldwide.  

•  Commitment to sustainability  

Clearwater,  in  collaboration  with  other  industry  participants,  continues  to  invest  in  research  to 
improve  the  understanding  of  resource  dynamics  and  harvest  strategies  that  support  long  term 
sustainability.  

6.  Build organizational capability, capacity & engagement – We attract, train and retain the best talent 

to build business system and process excellence company-wide.      

• 

In 2017, Clearwater continued to invest in talent and programs to build world-class capabilities 
throughout its organization. 

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CAPABILITY TO DELIVER RESULTS 

Clearwater's revenues and earnings are dependent primarily on its ability to harvest, purchase, and market 
shellfish. Supply is dependent to a large extent on the annual total allowable catch (“TAC”) for each species. 
The annual TAC is related to the health of the stock of the particular species as determined by the relevant 
government fishery management organizations.  All stocks are managed sustainably providing assurance 
of the long-term availability of the resource, however annual fluctuations in supply of a natural resource 
are  normal.  Short term  impacts  of  such  fluctuations can  normally  be  offset  within  Clearwater’s species 
portfolio and/or by making adjustments within each business unit. 

The  primary  shellfish  stocks  that  Clearwater  harvests  are  Canadian  sea,  Argentine  and  UK  scallops, 
lobsters, coldwater shrimp and clams, which are harvested in offshore fisheries that have a limited number 
of participants. Clearwater harvests scallops and clams with its own vessels. Clearwater obtains its lobster 
and coldwater shrimp through harvesting with its own vessels and through purchases from independent 
fishermen. Clearwater obtains most of its supply of crab, whelk, and langoustines through purchases from 
independent fishermen. 

  The  Canadian  sea  scallop  resource  typically  fluctuates  within  a  stable  range.    Clearwater 
anticipates TACs within the normal range in upcoming years. The 2018 interim TAC is down year-
over-year. Interim TAC is typically set conservatively with full year TAC being announced usually 
in July. Clearwater lands virtually all its sea scallop quota each year and may from time to time 
harvest quotas for other industry participants or purchase raw material supply from other industry 
participants.  

  Argentine scallop volumes are normally stable. The regulator has announced a small reduction in 
TAC  for  2018.    Clearwater  is  working  with  the  regulatory  to  expand  investments  in  science.  
Argentina is the first scallop fishery in the world to have earned the rigorous Marine Stewardship 
Council independent certification.   

  UK King Scallop landings are stable. The fishery is managed under a combination of effort days, 

gear regulation and maximum landing size which vary by area. 

  The  offshore  Canadian  lobster  resource  is  healthy  with  a  consistent  offshore  TAC.  Clearwater 
harvests all of its lobster quota each year. During 2017, Clearwater purchased approximately 85% 
of its lobster from inshore lobster fishermen.  The quality of lobster has seen a decline in this fishery 
as harvesters move further offshore, resulting in higher mortality. 

  Coldwater shrimp - The Northern shrimp TAC has declined from historic highs over the last five 
years and is expected to continue to decline over the near term as the cod species, a natural predator 
of shrimp, return to this fishery.  Clearwater holds access to quotas directly through licences and 
through long term harvesting agreements.   Clearwater procures shrimp from the inshore fishery 
for its cooked and peeled business and supplements this with raw material from its offshore vessels.  

  The Arctic surf clam resource is stable. Clearwater has quota allocations on both Banquereau Bank 
and  the  Grand  Banks  in  Canada.  Effective  2018,  the  Department  of  Fisheries  and  Oceans 
announced  a  decline  in  TAC  for  Banqereau  Bank,  and  the  creation  of  a  new  surf  clam  license 
representing 25% of TAC for both banks. The Company has made significant investments in new 
factory-at-sea vessels as well as proprietary investments in harvesting technologies and will make 
adjustments  to  the  business  to  maintain  shareholder  value,  reduce  overcapacity  and  protect  the 
value of jobs in coastal communities. 

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For the species it harvests, Clearwater maintains the largest, most modern fleet of factory freezer vessels in 
Canada,  as  well  as  vessels  used  to  harvest  Clearwater's  offshore  lobster  and  to  complete  research  and 
development. The Company also maintains a fleet of 13 scallop trawlers in the UK. 

Clearwater classifies capital expenditures as either return on investment (“ROI”) or maintenance capital.  

Clearwater  spent  the  following  on  capital  expenditures  and  repairs  and  maintenance  over  the  last  three 
years:   

(In 000’s) 
For the years ended December 31 
Vessels 
Plants and other 

Return on investment capital 
Maintenance capital 

Maintenance capital 
Repairs and maintenance expense 

Depreciation/Amortization 
Maintenance spending as a % of depreciation  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2017 
59,655 
25,776 
85,431 

63,846 
21,585 
85,431 

21,585 
21,971 
43,556 

45,428 
95.9% 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2016 
44,343 
11,989 
56,332 

31,913 
24,419 
56,332 

24,419 
24,135 
48,554 

38,634 
125.7% 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2015 
49,748 
13,642 
63,390 

50,370 
13,019 
63,389 

13,019 
19,714 
32,733 

29,732 
110.1% 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Total 
153,746 
51,407 
205,153 

146,129 
59,023 
205,152 

59,023 
65,820 
124,843 

113,794 
109.7% 

In 2017 Clearwater invested a record $85.4 million in capital expenditures: $39.2 million of investment 
capital related to the Anne Risley, a replacement clam vessel, completing Clearwater’s fleet modernization 
program; $21.6 million of maintenance capital largely related to vessel refits and $19.5 million to improve 
operational efficiencies in Clearwater’s land-based operations. 

In 2016 Clearwater invested $56.3 million in capital expenditures of which $25.9 million of investment 
capital related to a replacement clam harvesting vessel and $24.2 million of maintenance capital related to 
vessel refits and $6.2 million to improve operational efficiencies in our plants and information systems. 

In 2015 Clearwater invested $63.4 million in capital expenditures.  Of these amounts, $25.9 million related 
to the construction of the Belle Carnell, a new clam vessel, which had a total cost of approximately $65 
million and was fully operational in late 2015, $7.1 million for the purchase and conversion of a research 
vessel, $18.7 million related to maintenance capital investments and $11.7 million to improve operational 
efficiencies in our plants and information systems. 

In addition to the annual amounts capitalized above, Clearwater historically has spent and expensed on 
average about $21.9 million a year over the past three years on the maintenance of its fleet and processing 
plants.  Following  the  completion  of  the  fleet  revitalization  repairs  and  maintenance  are  expected  to  be 
lower.    These  investment  reflect  Clearwater’s  commitment  to  ensuring  that  the  assets  are  kept  in  top 
condition, enabling it to harvest and process its allowable catch efficiently and providing sufficient capacity.  

Clearwater’s largest fleet investments are in its nine factory vessels located within Canada and Argentina. 
These vessels are used in the harvesting of Canadian scallops, Argentine scallops, shrimp and clams.   
Of the nine factory vessels: 

13 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Two are used to harvest shrimp and are on average 24 years old. These vessels have a capacity 
to harvest 14,000 to 18,000 metric tons of our 20,000 metric ton quota and our entire 1,900 
metric ton turbot quota in a ready for market form. One of the vessels was built in 1985 and in 
2014 Clearwater invested $12.5 million in a late-life refit, thereby extending its useful life.  

Four  are  used  to  harvest  sea  and  Argentine  scallops  with  the  sea  scallop  vessels  being  on 
average 19 years old and the Argentine scallop vessels being on average 22 years old.  In 2014, 
an idle vessel was converted from harvesting sea scallops to harvesting Argentine scallops and 
began operations in early 2015. 

  Three of Clearwater’s vessels are used to harvest clams and are on average 12 years old. In 
2017, Clearwater completed the construction of a new clam harvesting vessel, the Anne Risley, 
which replaced an existing vessel in the fourth quarter of 2017.  These vessels have the capacity 
to harvest the entire clam quota. 

With the acquisition of Macduff, Clearwater’s fleet includes 13 mid-shore scallop harvesting vessels within 
the UK with average useful lives between 5-16 years. 

In 2018 Clearwater expects to see a reduction in capital spend, following the completion of a four-year fleet 
modernization program.  Clearwater expects to invest approximately $18 million in capital projects relating 
to maintenance and vessel refits. 

14 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
EXPLANATION OF 2017 FINANCIAL RESULTS      

Overview 

Clearwater  uses  Key  Performance  Indicators  and  Financial  Measures  to  assess  progress  against  our  six 
strategic priorities.  Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures in the non-IFRS measures, definitions and 
reconciliations section of this interim MD&A.  

Selected Annual Information and Key Performance Indicators  

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
As at December 31 
Profitability 
Sales 
Sales growth 

Gross margin1 
Gross margin1 (as a % of sales) 

Adjusted EBITDA1 
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to shareholders1 

Adjusted EBITDA attributable to shareholders (as a % of sales)1 
Adjusted earning per share 1 
Net earnings (loss) 
Basic and diliuted earnings (loss) per share 
Dividends paid on common shares 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2017 

2016 

2015  

621,031 
1.5% 

$ 

611,551 
21.1% 

$ 

504,945  
15.7%  

110,068 

$ 

144,621 

$ 

132,188  

17.7% 

23.6% 

26.2%  

108,596 
89,156 

14.4% 
0.14 
28,239 
0.25 
0.20 

$ 

$ 

120,937 
98,446 

16.1% 
0.38 
59,596 
0.71 
0.20 

43,928 

23,766 

$ 

$ 

109,734  
86,905  

17.2%  
0.76  
(20,671)  
(0.65)  
0.17  

$ 

(37,608)  

43,457  

Earnings attributable to shareholders 
Adjusted Earnings attributable to shareholders1 

$ 

15,759 

$ 

8,690 

Cash Flows and Leverage  

Cash from operations 
Free cash flows1 
Leverage1 

Returns 
Return on assets1 
Total assets 
Long-term debt 

$ 

58,141 

$ 

63,040 

$ 

(8,429) 
5.0 

1,502 
4.2 

68,494  

39,089  
4.4  

$ 

8.1% 
770,880 
473,173 

$ 

11.0% 
729,735 
436,414 

$ 

13.8%  
753,195  
480,769  

1 – Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations  

15 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017 Financial Results  

Clearwater  reported  sales  and  adjusted  EBITDA1  of  $621.0  million  and  $108.6  million  versus  2016 
comparative results of $611.6 million and $120.9 million.  The three-year compound annual growth rate 
for sales and adjusted EBITDA attributable to shareholders of Clearwater was 8% and 1%, respectively. 

2017 sales growth was tempered by a 16% decline in coldwater FAS shrimp sales as a reduction in TAC 
lowered available supply, and slower market conditions for langoustines.  Top line growth in 2017 was 
achieved  through  higher  sales  volumes  for  clams  and  both  Argentine  and  sea  scallops.    Pricing  and 
promotional  incentives  expanded  distribution  and  were  successful  in  growing  clam  volumes  by  56%, 
resulting in an increase in clam sales of 25% for the year. These incentives were introduced in the third 
quarter of 2016 and continued into 2017.   

Gross  margin  declined  to  17.7%,  as  a  percentage  of  sales,  from  23.6%  in  2016  as  strong  overall  sales 
volumes were offset by the reduction of shrimp volumes and an overall product mix and size shift towards 
lower  margin  products.    Price  and  promotional  incentives  on  clam,  while  significantly  increasing  sales 
volume and distribution, contributed to lower margins.  For the year, average foreign exchange rates were 
lower as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the US dollar, GBP and the Yen negatively impacting 
sales and gross margin by $12.0 million for all currencies.  The unfavourable foreign exchange was partially 
offset  through  Clearwater’s  targeted  foreign  exchange  risk  management  program  with  $3.1  million  of 
realized gains on contract derivatives recognized below gross margin, within adjusted EBITDA. 

Earnings  for  2017  declined  $31.4  million  as  lower  gross  margin,  the  one-time  cost  of  an  organization 
restructuring in the fourth quarter and higher net finance costs were partially offset by unrealized foreign 
exchange gains, higher earnings from the equity-accounted investee and reduction of the earnout liability. 

For 2017 total cash generated from operations was $58.1 million, $4.9 million lower than 2016, including 
a decrease in inventory of $12.6 million, partially offset by a $22 million increase in accounts receivable.  
Net cash flow from the change in working capital improved $19.6 million in 2017 as compared to 2016. 

Free cash flows1 declined $9.9 million to a cash use of $8.4 million in 2017 primarily due to higher capital 
expenditures  and  lower  adjusted  EBITDA,  partially  offset  by  working  capital  improvements.    Annual 
capital expenditures represent the successful completion of our five year fleet renewal program.  

Leverage  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2017  increased  to  5.0x  adjusted  EBITDA  excluding  non-
controlling interest (“net adjusted EBITDA”) from 4.2x on December 31, 2016 as  a result of lower net 
adjusted EBITDA from a reduction in gross margin and higher debt balances.  

For 2018, modest TAC reductions in clam and the announcement of a new entrant, potential TAC reductions 
in scallops, competitive market pressure associated with an anticipated significant increase in US scallop 
supply and foreign exchange headwinds are expected to offset progress in volume, pricing and margin on 
other core species. Combined with the seasonality of our business, we expect leverage to be higher during 
the  first  nine  months  of  2018  before  improving  by  the  end  of  the  year.   Significantly  lower  capital 
expenditures and further inventory reductions to historic levels, are expected to increase free cash flow 
which will result in lower debt and leverage. 

Return on assets1 (“ROA”) declined from 11.0% in 2016 to 8.1% in 2017 primarily due to higher assets, 
nearing  the  end  of  Clearwater’s  five-year  fleet  modernization  program,  and  lower  adjusted  EBIT  from 
reductions in gross margin.       

16 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On February 21, 2018 the DFO announced that Five Nations Clam Company is the recipient of a licence to 
harvest 25% of the total allowable catch (“TAC”) for Arctic surf clams to be effective January 1, 2018. 
Clearwater had agreed to be the operational partner with thirteen Mi'kmaq bands from Nova Scotia in their 
proposal for the licence which was not successful.  Clearwater was a pioneer in the development of the 
clam fishery, which began in 1986.  Clearwater purchased its licences and quota with the consent of the 
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (“DFO”) and has invested hundreds of millions of dollars to 
develop  this  fishery  and  the  market,  including  $156  million  in  the  last  three  years. In  this  decision  to 
expropriate  investment  value  and  undermine  the  good  faith  capital  investment  decisions  of  the  private 
sector, the Minister  has  destabilized  the  investment  climate  in  the  Canadian  fisheries  and  the  Canadian 
natural resource sector. In 2018, we will be making necessary adjustments to our clam business to protect 
the hundreds of remaining jobs in the fishery and long-term shareholder value while we continue to pursue 
our legal options. 

The Company expects continued headwinds in 2018 associated with TAC reductions and the announcement 
of a new entrant in clam. Since our core fisheries are managed for long-term sustainability, we have taken 
timely and carefully considered measures in response to these near-term challenges including adjustments 
to  harvest  plans,  pricing  and  distribution  strategies,  cost  and  working  capital  reductions  and  a  major 
organization restructuring completed in December 2017. We expect these measures will generate strong 
cash flows from operations, reduce debt and leverage, yield a higher return on assets and positive returns 
to shareholder value. Details include:   

1)  Capital Spending and Working Capital Reductions. With the successful completion of our five-year 
fleet renewal program in 2017, capital spending will decline by $60 to 70 million in 2018. In fact, with 
one of the youngest and best-maintained offshore fleets in Canada, we expect to be able to maintain 
these modest new capital spending limits for several years to come.  Inventory is expected to continue 
to decrease with further reductions of $10 to 20 million by the end of the year. 

2)  Organization Restructuring and Improved Cost Management. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we 
initiated a company-wide restructuring targeting annualized savings in excess of $10 million, incurring 
one-time  charges  of  $6.7  million  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017.  While  these  changes  to  our 
organizational structure are significant, they will make us leaner, more agile and reflect our greater 
ability  to  leverage  state-of-the-art  technology  and  smarter  systems  to  drive  margin  improvement 
through increased price realization and improved cost management. 

While reductions in TAC negatively impacts our current results, investing in the long-term health and the 
responsible harvesting of the oceans is our responsibility as an industry leader.  It is the only proven way 
to ensure access to a reliable, stable, renewable and long-term supply of seafood and is a core strategy of 
Clearwater.  It’s why Clearwater has been recognized by the Marine Stewardship Council (“MSC”) as a 
leader in sustainable harvesting for wild fisheries and how Clearwater can offer the widest selection of 
sustainably-certified species of any seafood harvester worldwide.  

17 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
EXPLANATION OF CHANGES IN EARNINGS 

Overview 

The following statements reflect the results of Clearwater for the 13 weeks and years ended December 31, 
2017 and 2016: 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 

 December 31 
2017  

 December 31 
2016  

Change  

  December 31 
2017  

 December 31 
2016  

Sales 
Cost of goods sold1 
Gross margin 

$ 

174,766  $ 
145,315  
29,451  
16.9%  

165,690  $ 
136,737  
28,953  
17.5%  

9,076  $ 
8,578   
498   

621,031  $ 
510,963  
110,068  
17.7%  

611,551  $ 
466,930  
144,621  
23.6%  

Operating expenses 
     Administrative and selling 
     Restructuring costs 
Net finance costs 
(Gains) losses on contract derivatives  

Foreign exchange (gains) losses on 
long term debt and working capital 
Other (income) expense 
Research and development 

Earnings (loss) before income taxes 
Income tax expense 
Earnings (loss)  

Earnings (loss) attributable to: 
  Non-controlling interest 
  Shareholders of Clearwater 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Change 

9,480 
44,033 
(34,553) 

(1,955) 
5,870 
8,332 
3,234 

(6,968) 
(2,367) 
(554) 
5,592 

14,061  
6,677  
8,330  
2,275  

1,231  
(1,540)  
507  
31,541  

8,981  
833  
4,602  
(8,372)  

4,449  
(855)  
643  
10,281  

5,080   
5,844   
3,728   
10,647   

(3,218)  
(685)  
(136)  
21,260   

55,551  
6,856  
35,280  
(4,045)  

(14,263)  
(7,576)  
2,368  
74,171  

57,506  
986  
26,948  
(7,279)  

(7,295)  
(5,209)  
2,922  
68,579  

(2,090)  
4,461  
(6,551)  $ 

18,672  
6,261  
12,411  $ 

(20,762)  
(1,800)  
(18,962)  $ 

35,897  
7,658  
28,239  $ 

76,042  
16,446  
59,596  $ 

(40,145) 
(8,788) 
(31,357) 

4,405  $ 

(10,956)  
(6,551)  $ 

3,800  $ 
8,611  
12,411  $ 

605  $ 

(19,567)  
(18,962)  $ 

12,480  $ 
15,759  
28,239  $ 

15,668  $ 
43,928  
59,596  $ 

(3,188) 
(28,169) 
(31,357) 

18 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
      
 
                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales by region  

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
Europe 
$ 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

 December 31 

December 31 
2017 
74,696  $ 

2016   
75,830  $ 

Change    
(1,134)  

$ 

December 31 
2017 
243,640  $ 

 December 31 
2016 
246,909  $ 

Change 
(3,269) 

33,840 
22,775 
4,223 
60,838 

23,395 
15,712 
39,107 

28,812 
15,079 
5,895 
49,786 

23,661 
16,381 
40,042 

5,028  
7,696  
(1,672)  
11,052  

(266)  
(669)  
(935)  

102,315 
79,631 
34,170 
216,116 

86,813 
73,888 
160,701 

96,518 
76,230 
34,141 
206,889 

85,385 
72,275 
157,660 

124 
174,765  $ 

32 
165,690  $ 

92  
9,075  

$ 

574 
621,031  $ 

93 
611,551  $ 

$ 

5,797 
3,401 
29 
9,227 

1,428 
1,613 
3,041 

481 
9,480 

China 
Japan 
Other Asia 
Asia 

United States 
Canada 
North America 

Other 

Sales by species1 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
Scallops 
$ 
Lobster 
Clams 
Coldwater shrimp 
Crab 
Langoustine 
Whelks 
Ground fish and other 
shellfish 

$ 

December 31   December 31 

2017   
53,857  $ 
24,720 
34,955  
29,963  
13,378  
14,330  
2,197  

2016   
47,644  $ 
29,022 
30,846 
29,126 
11,154 
13,441  
3,361  

Change 
6,213  
(4,302)  
4,109  
837  
2,224  
889  
(1,164)  

$ 

December 31 
2017 
200,286  $ 
101,883 
109,170  
77,964  
45,468  
43,099  
24,267  

 December 31 
2016 
188,421  $ 
108,402 
91,918  
93,250  
38,243  
47,572  
22,204  

Change 
11,865 
(6,519) 
17,252 
(15,286) 
7,225 
(4,473) 
2,063 

1,365  
174,765  $ 

1,096  
165,690  $ 

269  
9,075  

$ 

18,894  
621,031  $ 

21,541  
611,551  $ 

(2,647) 
9,480 

Clearwater reported annual sales of $621.0 million versus 2016 comparative results of $611.6 million and 
sales of $174.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2017 versus 2016 comparative results of $165.7 million, 
representing growth rates of 1.5% and 5.5%, respectively.   

2017 sales growth was tempered by a 16% decline in coldwater FAS shrimp sales as a reduction in TAC 
lowered available supply, and slower market conditions for langoustines.  Top line growth in 2017 was 
achieved  through  higher  sales  volumes  for  clams  and  both  Argentine  and  sea  scallops.    Pricing  and 
promotional  incentives  expanded  distribution  and  were  successful  in  growing  clam  volumes  by  56%, 
resulting in an increase in clam sales of 25% for the year. These incentives were introduced in the third 
quarter of 2016 and continued into 2017.   

19 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year, average foreign exchange rates were lower as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the US 
dollar, GBP and the Yen negatively impacting sales and gross margin by $12.0 million for all currencies.  
The unfavourable foreign exchange was partially offset through Clearwater’s targeted foreign exchange 
risk management program  with $3.1 million of realized gains on contract derivatives recognized below 
gross margin, within adjusted EBITDA. 

Sales prices in home currency for clams and turbot were down as compared to the prior year.  Clam sales 
volumes increased 38% with pricing incentives that began late in the third quarter of 2016 and continued 
for all of 2017. These programs have been effective in expanding our channel, customer and geographic 
distribution bases for clams.  Turbot pricing was down due to a higher available supply from the inshore 
fishery. 

Coldwater shrimp 

•  Lower available supply of coldwater shrimp from a reduction in Total Allowable Catch (“TAC”), 

resulted in lower sales for 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. 

•  Selling prices were higher than 2016 despite lower foreign exchange rates as a more valuable catch 
was  harvested  from  northern  fishing  areas  and  the  cooked  and  peeled  market  recovered  due  to 
overall lower industry volumes.  

Clams 

•  Sales volumes increased 48% and 38% in the fourth quarter and for the year 2017. Harvesting and 
catch rates continue to be strong. Pricing and promotional incentives implemented late in the third 
quarter of 2016 continued throughout 2017 and have resulted in higher sales volumes.  Inventory 
volumes dropped by 26% versus 2016 as higher sales volumes and the transition out of the fishery 
of the Ocean Concord to make way for the Anne Risley reduced inventory volumes.  

•  Sales prices for 2017 were negatively impacted by the clam price incentives and changes in sales 

mix weighted towards product with lower market prices.   

Argentine Scallops 

•  Sales volumes increased for both the fourth quarter and the year as compared to the same periods 

in 2016 as a result of increased landings and production.   

•  Market demand continues to remain strong resulting in strong home currency prices within Europe, 

offset by sales mix weighted towards products with lower sales prices.  

Sea Scallops 

•  Higher  sales  volumes  resulted  from  strong  catch  rates  and  larger  sizes  during  the  year-to-date 
period.  Market demand is stable and available supply has been allocated to higher yielding markets. 
•  For the fourth quarter, home currency sales prices were lower than prior year as prices come off of 
historical highs.  Lower average foreign exchange rates, as the Canadian dollar strengthened against 
the US dollar, also contributed to a decline in sales.   

Europe 
Europe  is  Clearwater’s  largest  scallop  market  and  it  is  an  important  market  for  coldwater  shrimp, 
langoustines, crab and lobster products.  

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

20 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales for the fourth quarter and the year declined $1.1 million and $3.3 million, to $75.0 million and $243.6 
million, respectively as compared to the same period of 2016.  The decline for both periods was a result of  
lower available supply, for FAS shrimp and slower market conditions that reduced sales prices for king 
scallops.  In addition, lower average foreign exchange rates as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the 
GBP, resulting in a net negative impact of $1.0 million for the year.    For the fourth quarter of 2017 the 
Canadian  dollar  weakened  against  the  Euro  and  GBP  partially  offsetting  the  decline  in  sales  for  a  net 
positive impact of $2.5 million.  

In  addition,  higher  scallop  sales  volumes  partially  offset  the  annual  sales  decline  and  improved  market 
conditions for langoustines in the fourth quarter further offset the fourth quarter sales decline. 

China 
China is a key market for clams, coldwater shrimp, lobster and turbot.  

Sales for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2017 increased $5.0 million and $5.8 million, 
respectively.  Higher annual sales were primarily a result of a 38% increase in sales volumes for clams and 
higher available sea scallop supply, partially offset by clam pricing and promotional incentives and lower 
sales prices for turbot.   

Higher sales for the fourth quarter of 2017 was primarily a result of timing of landings for shrimp.   

Sales in China are almost exclusively transacted in US dollars. Both periods were negatively impacted by 
lower average foreign exchange rates as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the US dollar.  For 2017 
average foreign exchange rates declined 2.2% to a net negative impact to sales of $2.2 million, and $1.6 
million for the fourth quarter of 2017.   

Japan 

Clams, lobster, coldwater shrimp and turbot are the main species sold in Japan. 

Sales for the year and the fourth quarter of 2017 increased $3.4 million and $7.7 million respectively as 
compared  to  the  same  period  of  2016  primarily  as  a  result  of  higher  sales  volumes  for  clams.    Lower 
available supply for coldwater shrimp and lower clam prices due to the continued use of pricing incentives 
partially offset the increase in sales for the year.   

Sales in Japan are typically transacted in Yen. Both periods were negatively impacted by lower average 
foreign exchange rates as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the Yen. For the fourth quarter 2017 
average foreign exchange rates declined 6.5% to a net negative impact to sales of $1.4 million.  For 2017 
average foreign exchange rates declined 6.8% to a net negative impact to sales of $4.6 million. 

Other Asia 
The Other Asia region includes Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and other Asian countries. Whelk, clams and 
lobster are key products for these markets. 

Sales  declined  for  the  fourth  quarter  2017  by  $1.7  million  as  compared  to  the  same  periods  for  2016 
primarily as a result of timing of available supply of whelk.  

United States 
Scallops, coldwater shrimp, lobster and clams are the primary species sold in the United States.  

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

21 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales for 2017 increased $1.4 million to $86.8 million primarily as a result of higher sales volumes for 
clams and higher available supply for Argentine scallops.  Sales prices for clams were lower due to pricing 
incentives and changes in sales mix were weighted towards products with lower selling prices. The increase 
in sales was partially offset by lower available supply for sea scallops as available inventory was sent to 
higher yielding markets.   

Sales for both 2017 and the fourth quarter were negatively impacted by lower average foreign exchange 
rates as the Canadian dollar strengthened against the US dollar. For the fourth quarter 2017 average foreign 
exchange rates declined 4.7% to a net negative impact to sales of $1.1 million.  For 2017 average foreign 
exchange rates declined 2.0% to a net negative impact to sales of $1.6 million. 

Canada 

Canada is a large market for lobster, scallops, snow crab, clams and coldwater shrimp. 

Sales for 2017 increased $1.6 million to $73.9 million primarily as a result of higher sales volumes for 
clams and snow crab.  Sales prices for 2017 were negatively impacted by changes in sales mix weighted 
towards product with lower market prices.   

Cost of Goods Sold 

Cost  of  goods  sold  includes  harvesting  and  procurement  costs,  manufacturing  costs,  depreciation, 
transportation and administration.  Cost of goods sold increased for the year by $44.0 million and for the 
fourth quarter by $8.6 million primarily as a result of higher sales volumes, increased depreciation resulting 
from a higher asset base and lower TAC in several key species.  Higher procurement costs for lobster, crab, 
whelk and langoustines also contributed to the increase in costs of goods sold. 

Harvesting and procurement include all costs incurred in the operation of the vessels including labour, 
fuel, repairs and maintenance, fishing gear, supplies, other costs and fees plus procured raw material costs 
for lobster, shrimp, scallops, crab, langoustines and whelks. 

Gross margin   

Gross margin for the year declined $34.6 million as compared to the same period for 2016 to $110.0 million.  
For the fourth quarter gross margin improved to $29.8 million as sales volumes increased for clams, sea 
scallops, Argentine scallops and crab..  Gross margin as a percentage of sales for the year and the fourth 
quarter of 2017 was 17.7% and 16.9%, respectively, versus 23.6% and 17.5% for the 2016 comparative 
periods.   

Gross  margin  declined  in  2017  primarily  due  to  lower  volumes  of  coldwater  shrimp,  a  species  that 
traditionally has had higher gross margins. The drop in volumes was due to lower TAC and catch rates. In 
the third quarter of 2016, pricing incentives were introduced to increase market penetration and expansion 
for clams. These remain in place and have been successful creating new distribution channels and markets 
that resulted in higher sales volumes but at lower margins and lower inventory. Weakness in langoustine 
demand persisted longer than expected. A stronger Canadian dollar also contributed to the decline. The 
Canadian dollar strengthened against the US dollar, GBP, Yen, negatively impacting sales and margins by 
$12.0 million for the year.   

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

22 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 weeks ended   

December 

31   
2016   

Average 
rate 

December 31 
2017 

Average 
rate 

December 31 
2017 

Average 
rate 

Currency 

% sales   

realized 1  % sales 

realized1    % sales   

realized1  % sales 

US dollars 
Euros 
Canadian dollar and other 
UK pounds 
Japanese Yen 
Danish Kroner 

40.5%  
27.9%  
10.1%    
8.2%  
11.0%  
2.3%  
100.0%    

1.273 
1.498 

1.692 
0.011 
0.201 

36.6% 
26.2% 
16.9%  
11.3% 
7.5% 
1.5% 
100.0%  

1.336  
1.428  

1.662  
0.012  
0.194  

40.0%  
26.3%  
11.5%    
9.9%  
10.1%  
2.2%  
100.0%    

1.292 
1.470 

1.672 
0.012 
0.197 

37.4% 
27.0% 
12.9%  
10.0% 
9.6% 
3.1% 
100.0%  

Year ended 
December 
31 
2016 

Average 
rate 
realized1 

1.319 
1.459 

1.760 
0.012 
0.199 

Operating expenses 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
Salaries and benefits 

Share-based incentive 
compensation 
Employee compensation 

Consulting and professional 
fees 
Other 
Selling costs 
Travel 
Occupancy 

Allocation to cost of goods 
sold 
Administrative and selling 

Restructuring costs 
Operating expenses 

13 weeks ended 

Year  ended 

December 31   December 31 
2016  
6,677  $ 

2017  
10,064 $ 

$ 

116  
10,180  

(2,303)  
4,374  

3,397  
1,895  
806  
777  
381  

4,594  
1,262  
929  
1,074  
423  

  December 31   December 31 
2016 
39,346  $ 

2017 
40,197  $ 

$ 

409  
40,606  

2,902  
42,248  

14,238  
6,625  
2,816  
3,089  
1,548  

13,135  
6,907  
2,857  
3,906  
1,947  

Change 
3,387  

2,419  
5,806  

(1,197)  
633  
(123)  
(297)  
(42)  

Change 
851 

(2,493) 
(1,642) 

1,103 
(282) 
(41) 
(817) 
(399) 

(3,375)  
14,061 $ 

6,677  
20,738 $ 

$ 

$ 

(3,675)  
8,981  $ 

300  
5,080  

833 
9,814  $ 

5,844  
10,924  

$ 

$ 

(13,371)  
55,551  $ 

(13,494)  
57,506  $ 

123 
(1,955) 

6,856 
62,407  $ 

986 
58,492  $ 

5,870 
3,915 

Salaries  and  benefits increased  $0.9  million  and  $3.4  million  for  the  year  and fourth  quarter  of  2017, 
respectively as compared to the same periods in 2016 due to the timing of variable compensation expense.  

Share-based  incentive  compensation  is  primarily  driven  by  changes  in  Clearwater’s  share  price, 
performance against Clearwater’s peer group and the number of share-based grants outstanding.   

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

23 | P a g e  

 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
Consulting and professional fees include operations management, legal, audit and accounting, insurance, 
information technology support and other specialized consulting services. Consulting and professional fees 
increased year-to-date 2017 as a result of specialized fees in support of the enterprise resource planning 
system (“ERP”) and international advisory services.  

Other  includes  a  variety  of  administrative  expenses  such  as  communication,  computing,  service  fees, 
depreciation, storage, gains or losses and write-downs of assets, all of which vary from year-to-year.  

Selling  costs  include  advertising,  marketing,  trade  shows,  samples,  product  development  and  bad  debt 
expenses.   

Allocation  to  cost  of  goods  sold  reflects  costs  that  are  attributable  to  the  production  of  goods  and  are 
allocated on a proportionate basis based on production volumes. 

Restructuring costs in the fourth quarter of 2017 consisted of severance costs associated with the targeted 
restructuring of the Company’s employee base and changes to Clearwater’s distribution infrastructure. 

 Net Finance costs 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 

December 31   December 31 
2016  

2017  

  December 31   December 31  
2016  

2017  

Change  

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

Change 

Interest and bank charges 

$ 

7,426 $ 

6,778 $ 

648  

$ 

28,205 $ 

24,776 $ 

3,429 

Amortization of deferred financing 
charges and accretion 

Interest rate swaps and caps 1 
Accretion on deferred consideration 

Fair value adjustment on embedded 
derivative 

Debt settlement2 and refinancing fees  

405  
7,831  

-  
486  

478  
7,256  

(1,665)  
821  

(73)  
575  

1,665  
(335)  

1,555  
29,760  

(4,347)  
2,166  

2,113  
26,889  

(2,027)  
3,562  

(558) 
2,871 

(2,320) 
(1,396) 

-  

(1,710)  

1,710  

(703)  

(1,350)  

647 

13  
499  

(100)  
(2,654)  

113  
3,153  

8,404  
5,520  

(126)  
59  

8,530 
5,461 

$ 

8,330 $ 

4,602 $ 

3,728  

$ 

35,280 $ 

26,948 $ 

8,332 

(1) Interest rate swaps and caps represents unrealized (gains) losses as a result of the change in fair value during the period.  
Realized amounts are reflected in interest expense and bank charges and debt settlement and refinancing fees. 

(2) Debt settlement includes loss on settlement of existing interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps and cap, forward foreign 
exchange contracts, remaining unamortized deferred financing costs and accretion. 

Interest  and  bank  charges  increased  $2.9  million  for  2017  as  compared  to  the  same  periods  in  2016 
primarily as a result of higher average debt balances at the end of 2017. Debt balances increased primarily 
to fund the construction of the Anne Risley, the clam replacement vessel. 

Variances in amortization of deferred financing charges and accretion resulted from the refinancing of 
the term loan facilities in the second quarter of 2017. 

24 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
The  interest  rate  swaps  and  caps  related  to  non-cash  mark-to-market  gains  and  losses  on  USD  $100 
million and CAD $24 million swaps and caps that were entered into in 2015.  The change in the mark-to-
market represented changes in relative expected future interest rates and foreign exchange impacts as the 
Canadian dollar strengthened against the US dollar in 2016.  As part of the refinancing which occurred 
early in the second quarter of 2017, these instruments were settled and derecognized.  

The accretion on deferred consideration arises from the deferred consideration obligation associated with 
the acquisition of Macduff as the notes are non-interest bearing.  The reduction in accretion for 2017 relates 
to timing of non-cash adjustments in the first quarter of 2016, as well as changes in foreign spot rates as the 
Canadian dollar strengthened against the GBP in 2017.  

The fair value adjustment on the embedded derivative on Term Loan B relates to a Libor floor provision 
in the loan agreement and the earnings impact represents the change in the estimated fair values. In May 
2017  the  Term  Loan  B  loan  agreement  was  refinanced  including  the  Libor  floor  provision,  and  related 
embedded derivative was extinguished at that time.   

(Gains) losses1 on contract derivatives                                            

In 000's of Canadian dollars 

Realized (gain) loss  

Forward foreign exchange 
contracts 

Unrealized (gain) loss 

Forward foreign exchange 
contracts 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

December 31   December 31 
2016 

2017 

  Change 

  December 31   December 31  
2016 

2017 

  Change 

$ 

2,461  $ 

238  

2,223  

$ 

(3,065)  $ 

7,345  

(10,410) 

(186) 
2,275  $ 

(8,610)  
(8,372)  

8,424  
10,647  

$ 

(980) 
(4,045)  $ 

(14,624)  
(7,279)  

13,644 
3,234 

$ 

Clearwater is primarily an export company with more than 85% of our sales taking place outside Canada 
and  in  foreign  currencies.    As  part  of  our  risk  management  strategy  we  enter  into  short-term  forward 
contracts to give us certainty regarding exchange rates and cash flows for a period of time.  We recognize 
and  include  in  our  earnings  any  realized  gains  and  losses  on  these  instruments  as  they  mature  and  are 
settled.   

We also recognize and include in earnings unrealized non-cash gains and losses on these instruments by 
assuming the settlement of these instruments, prior to their maturity, at each period end.  To reflect this 
accounting, Clearwater estimates the fair value of the financial derivative instruments and convert them to 
Canadian dollars at each balance sheet date.  The unrealized non-cash gains or losses are excluded when 
calculating  Adjusted  EBITDA,  Adjusted  Earnings  Attributable  to  Shareholders  of  Clearwater  and  Free 
Cash Flows. 

Realized gains on settled forward contract derivatives increased $10.4 million for 2017 versus the same 
comparative period in 2016. The increase is primarily due to average contracted rates for USD and Yen 
being higher than the spot rate on the date of settlement in 2017.  These gains partially offset the negative 
foreign exchange impacts on sales. 

The decrease in unrealized gains of $13.7 million for the year and $8.4 million for the fourth quarter of 
2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 is dependent on average contracted rates as compared to the 
forward rates based on maturity.    

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

25 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange 1 (gains) losses on long term debt and working capital 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
Realized (gain) loss 
  Long-term debt and working 

Unrealized (gain) loss 

Foreign exchange on long-term 
debt and working capital 

Forward exchange contracts, cross 
currency swaps and cap related to 
long-term debt 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

December 31   December 31 
2016 

2017 

  Change 

  December 31   December 31 
2016 

2017 

  Change 

$ 

(565)  $ 

776  $ 

(1,341)  

$ 

3,547  $ 

7,803  $ 

(4,256) 

3,400  

5,881  

(2,481)  

(23,693)  

(18,045)  

(5,648) 

(1,604)  
1,796  
1,231  $ 

(2,208)  
3,673  
4,449  $ 

604  
(1,877)  
(3,218)  

$ 

5,883  
(17,810)  
(14,263)  $ 

2,947  
(15,098)  
(7,295)  $ 

2,936 
(2,712) 
(6,968) 

$ 

Realized foreign exchange losses on long-term debt and working capital for 2017 decreased $4.3 million 
compared to 2016 primarily as a result of the devaluation of the Peso against the Canadian and US dollar 
that occurred in 2016 that impacted working capital accounts and the translation of intercompany balances 
due related to wholly owned subsidiaries classified as foreign operations for accounting purposes.  

Unrealized foreign exchange gains on long-term debt and working capital for 2017 and the fourth quarter 
of 2017 increased $2.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The increase in unrealized gains is primarily 
due to the translation of the USD Notes (USD $250.0 million) which replaced the existing USD term debt 
in Q2 2017 as the Canadian dollar strengthen against the USD in 2017.   

In Q2 2017, the cross currency swaps and cap were unwound as part of the refinancing of long-term debt.  
In  the  second  and  third  quarter  of  2017,  Clearwater entered into forward foreign  exchange  contracts  to 
hedge approximately 80% of the notional amount of the USD Notes.  

Other (income) expense     

In 000's of Canadian dollars 

Share of earnings of equity-
accounted investee 
Export rebate income 
Fair value adjustment on earn-out 
liability 
Other (income) fees 

Royalties, interest income and other 
fees 
Acquisition related costs 

13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

December 31   December 31 
2016  

2017  

  December 31   December 31 
2016  

2017  

Change  

Change 

754  
(179)  

(2,103)  
(354)  

(43)  
385  $ 
(1,540)  $ 

$ 
$ 

(872)  
(69)  

150  
(602)  

(749)  
1,287  
(855)  

1,626  
(110)  

(2,253)  
248  

(2,656)  
(1,190)  

(2,769)  
(994)  

706  
(902)  
(685)  

$ 
$ 

(431)  
464  $ 
(7,576)  $ 

(1,185)  
(2,146)  

(1,110)  
(1,950)  

(1,379)  
2,561  
(5,209)  

(1,471) 
956 

(1,659) 
956 

948 
(2,097) 
(2,367) 

Share of earnings in equity-accounted investee increased in 2017 primarily as a result of timing of landings 
and higher catch rates in comparison with the same periods in 2016.  The reduction in share of earnings in 
equity investee in the fourth quarter of 2017 resulted from timing of landings and available supply. 

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

26 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The export rebate income relates to incentives accrued by our Argentine subsidiary for exports from certain 
economic zones in Argentina.  Late in 2016, the Argentina government announced a change to the export 
rebate program that will result in a reduction to the incentive program.  Management expects to receive all 
accrued balances in due course. 

The fair value adjustment on earn-out liability relates to the Macduff acquisition. The earn-out liability is 
an unsecured additional consideration to be paid dependent on the future financial performance of Macduff 
and is recognized using fair value, with adjustments included in the statement of earnings (loss). 

Royalties, interest income and other fees includes income related to quota rental, commissions, processing 
fees and other miscellaneous income and expense that vary based upon the operations of the business. 

Acquisition related costs for 2017 were associated with various explored opportunities and 2016 related to 
the acquisition and integration of Macduff Shellfish.   

Research and Development 

Research and development relates to new harvesting, processing and storage technology and research into 
ocean habitats and fishing grounds.  Research and development can vary year to year depending on the 
scope, timing and volume of research completed.  

Income taxes 

Income taxes primarily relate to taxable subsidiaries in Argentina, the United States, the United Kingdom 
and Canada.   

Deferred tax assets are being recognized based on management’s estimate that it is more likely than not 
that Clearwater will earn sufficient taxable profit to utilize these losses.   

The decrease in income tax expense for the year and for the fourth quarter of 2017 of $8.8 million and $1.8 
million, respectively as  compared to the same period for 2016 is primarily due to a decrease in taxable 
income.   

Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest 

Non-controlling interest relates to minority share of earnings from Clearwater’s majority investments in a 
shrimp/turbot joint venture and subsidiaries in Argentina and Newfoundland and Labrador. 

The decrease in earnings attributable to non-controlling interest of $3.2 million for 2017 relates primarily 
to  lower  availability  of  shrimp  from  TAC  and  a  vessel  refit,  partially  offset  by  strong  catch  rates  for 
Argentine scallops.   

It  is  important  to  note  that  the  earnings  attributable  to  non-controlling  interest  relates  to  the  portion  of 
Clearwater’s  partnerships owned  by  other  parties.  Income  taxes  are  included in  earnings  attributable  to 
shareholders  for  Clearwater’s  share  of  partnership  earnings,  whereas  the  earnings  attributable  to  non-
controlling interest are not tax affected. 

For those investors that would like to understand the breakdown of adjusted EBITDA attributable to non-
controlling interest and shareholders please refer to the reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA within the non-
IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations section of the MD&A.  

27 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Earnings attributable to shareholders  

Earnings attributable to shareholders decreased $28.2 million and $19.6 million in 2017 and in the fourth 
quarter  of  2017,  respectively.    For  the  year  earnings  attributable  to  shareholders  declined  due  to  lower 
margins for clams, shrimp and Argentine scallops, and higher reorganizational costs, partially offset by 
higher unrealized foreign exchange gains on long term debt and lower incentive base programs.  

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the decline in earnings was primarily a result of higher reorganizational costs 
from the announced restructuring on November 9, 2017. 

 Adjusted Earnings attributable to shareholders 

To  assist  readers  in  understanding  our  earnings  we  have  included  a  calculation  of  adjusted  earnings.  
Management  believes  that  in  addition  to  earnings  and  cash  provided  by  operating  activities,  adjusted 
earnings is a useful supplemental measure from which to determine Clearwater’s earnings from operations 
and ability to generate cash available for debt service, working capital, capital expenditures, income taxes 
and dividends.  

Adjusted earnings attributable to shareholders1 for 2017 and the fourth quarter of 2017 decreased $18.9 
million and $2.6 million, respectively as lower margins and higher depreciation rates were partially offset 
by increased income from a joint venture which is accounted for under the equity method. 

For those readers that would like to understand the calculation of adjusted earnings and adjusted earnings 
attributable  to  shareholders,  please  refer  to  the  reconciliation  of  adjusted  earnings  within  the  non-IFRS 
measures, definitions and reconciliations section of the MD&A.  

CAPITAL STRUCTURE 

Clearwater’s  capital  structure  includes  a  combination  of  equity  and  various  types  of  debt  facilities.  
Clearwater’s  goal  is  to  have  a  cost  effective  capital  structure  that  supports  its  growth  plans,  while 
maintaining flexibility, reducing interest rate risk and reducing exchange risk by borrowing in currencies 
other than the Canadian dollar when appropriate.  

Clearwater uses leverage, in particular USD senior unsecured notes, revolving and term debt to lower its 
cost of capital.   

The  amount  of  debt  available  to  Clearwater  under  its  lending  facilities  is  a  function  of  Net  Adjusted 
EBITDA1 attributable to shareholders. Adjusted EBITDA can be impacted by known and unknown risks, 
uncertainties, and other factors outside Clearwater’s control including, but not limited to, total allowable 
catch levels, selling prices, weather, exchange rates, fuel and other input costs.   

Clearwater  maintains  flexibility  in  its  capital  structure  by  regularly  reviewing  forecasts  and  multi-year 
business plans and making any required changes to its debt and equity facilities on a proactive basis.  These 
changes can include early repayment of debt, issuing or repurchasing shares, issuing new debt, utilizing 
surplus cash, extending the term of existing debt facilities and, selling surplus assets to repay debt.   

28 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clearwater’s capital structure was as follows as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
As at  

Equity 

Share capital 
Contributed surplus 
Deficit 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Non-controlling interest 

Long-term debt 
Senior debt, non-amortizing 

USD senior unsecured notes, due 20251 
Revolving debt, due in 20222 
Revolving debt, due in 20183 
Term loan, due in 2018 
Term loan, due in 2091 

Senior debt, amortizing 

Term Loan B, due 20224  
Term Loan A, due 20185 
Term Loan B, due 20196  
Other loans 

Deferred Obligation7 
Earnout liability7 
Total long term debt 

Total capital 

$ 

December 31 
2017  

December 31 
2016 

$ 

210,860 
3,021 
(8,722) 
(39,730)  
165,429 
17,109  
182,538  

306,684  
87,682  
- 
12,215 
3,500  
410,081 

34,466  
-  
-  
167  
34,633  

23,181  
5,278  
473,173  

210,860 
1,419 
(4,793) 
(38,931) 
168,555 
19,930 
188,485 

- 

- 
23,400 
13,459 
3,500 
40,359 

- 

50,218 
307,210 
222 
357,650 

29,298 

9,107 
436,414 

$ 

655,711 

$ 

624,899 

1 USD senior unsecured notes is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $7.4 million with a US dollar coupon rate of 6.875%.  This 
resulted in an effective rate of approximately 7.194%. 

2 The revolving loan availability, subject to financial covenants, allows Clearwater to borrow a maximum of approximately CDN $56 million and 
is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $2.3 million.   As of December 31, 2017, this resulted in an effective rate of approximately 
3.97%. The availability on this loan is reduced by the amount outstanding on a USD $10 million non-amortizing term loan. 

3 The revolving loan allowed Clearwater to borrow a maximum of CDN $100 million and bears interest at the banker's acceptance rate plus 
3.25%.  The availability on this loan was reduced by the amount outstanding on a USD $10 million non-amortizing term loan. 

4 Term Loan B is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2017, this resulted in an effective rate of 
approximately 3.74%.   

5 Term Loan A is net of unamortized deferred financing charges at December 31, 2016 of $0.4 million and bears interest at the applicable 
banker's acceptance rate plus 3.25%.   

6 Term Loan B is a USD loan, shown net of unamortized deferred financing charges at December 31, 2016 of $1.1 million and bears interest at 
US LIBOR plus 3.5% with a LIBOR floor of 1.25%.   
7 The Deferred Obligation and Earnout Liability relate to the acquisition of Macduff in 2015. 

Equity 

29 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
There are 63,934,698 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 - 63,934,698). 

On  June  21,  2016,  Clearwater  issued  2,895,700  shares  for  $13.90  per  share  yielding  gross  proceeds  of 
approximately $40.3 million.   Concurrently, Clearwater completed a non-brokered private placement with 
certain existing shareholders for 1,080,000 shares at $13.90 per share for approximate gross proceeds of 
$15.0  million.    The  total  approximate  gross  proceeds  from  the  offering  were  $55.3  million  and  the 
approximate proceeds net of expenses were $53.1 million. Transactions costs were net of deferred taxes of 
$0.7 million. 

Long-term debt 

On April 26, 2017, Clearwater completed an offering of USD $250 million senior unsecured notes, due 
2025 with a US dollar coupon rate of 6.875% (“the Notes”).   In 2017, Clearwater entered into forward 
foreign exchange contracts to hedge approximately 80% of the notional value of the Notes at an average 
rate of 1.2844 and approximately 80% of the coupon payments at an average rate of 1.2867. 

Concurrently, Clearwater entered into new senior secured credit facilities in an aggregate principal amount 
of CDN $335 million, consisting of a CDN $300 million revolving credit facility and a CDN $35 million 
amortizing secured term loan, each maturing in 2022 (the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities”).  The Senior 
Secured Credit Facilities bear interest ranging from LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.25% for the revolving credit 
facility and LIBOR plus 2.50% to 3.25% for the secured term loan. The range is determined quarterly based 
on a ratio of Senior Secured indebtedness to EBITDA, with EBITDA calculated on a trailing twelve month 
basis. 

Clearwater used the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes, together with the new borrowings under the 
Senior Secured Credit Facilities, to refinance existing senior secured credit facilities (Term Loan A, Term 
Loan B and revolving credit facility) and used the remainder for general corporate purposes.   

Included  in  Clearwater’s long-term  debt  is  the  Deferred  Obligation and  Earnout  Liability  related to the 
acquisition of Macduff in 2015.  The terms of these liabilities are as follows: 

The Deferred Obligation relates to 33.75% of the shares of Macduff Shellfish Group Limited acquired by 
Clearwater (the "Earn Out Shares"). The original amount was £26.2 million (CDN $44.2 million) and the 
principal  amount  of  the  deferred  obligation  at  December  31,  2017  was  £15.7  million,  recorded  at  a 
discounted amount of £13.7 million (CDN $23.2 million) (December 31, 2016 - £21.0 million, CDN $29.3 
million)  based  on  estimated  timing  of  payment  and  is  being  accreted  to  the  principal  amount  over  the 
estimated term using the effective interest method with an effective average interest rate of 7.44%. 

In each year, the holders of the Earn Out Shares can elect to be paid up to 20% of the Deferred Obligation. 
Clearwater has the right to exercise the payout of 20% of the Deferred Obligation annually commencing 
two years after the date of closing. The percentage of the Deferred Obligation remaining unpaid will impact 
the fair value of the future performance component of the additional consideration, the Earnout. The fair 
value of the Deferred Obligation was estimated as of the acquisition date based on discounting the projected 
future cash flows.  

In both 2016 and 2017, the holders of the Earn Out Shares elected to be paid 20% of the outstanding deferred 
obligation.  As a result a payment of £5.2 million (2017 - CDN - $8.9 million; 2016 – CDN $8.7 million) 
was made in November of each year.  

The Earnout liability is unsecured additional consideration to be paid dependent upon the future financial 
performance  of  Macduff  and  the  percentage  of  Deferred  Obligation  remaining  unpaid  at  the  time  of 

30 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
payment (refer to Deferred Obligation above). The estimated fair value of the Earnout at December 31, 
2017 was £3.1 million (CDN - $5.3 million) (December 31, 2016 - £5.5 million, CDN - $9.1 million) based 
on  forecast  earnings  and  probability  assessments.  The  actual  Earnout  payments  are  to  be  paid  over  the 
remaining four years.  

The amount of the total Earnout is calculated as follows: 
The greater of: 

i. 
ii. 

iii. 

£3.8 million; OR 
up  to  33.75% (dependent upon  the  percentage  of  Deferred obligation  remaining  unpaid 
each year) of the increase in equity value of the business over five years calculated as 7.5x 
adjusted EBITDA less the outstanding debt of Macduff; and 
10% of adjusted EBITDA above £10 million (dependent upon the percentage of Deferred 
obligation remaining unpaid each year) 

The Earnout liability is recorded at fair value on the balance sheet at each reporting period until paid in 
cash, with changes in the estimated fair value being recorded as a component of other (income) expense on 
the consolidated statement of earnings (loss). 

The first payment was made in the second quarter of 2017 for £0.8M (CDN - $1.3 million). 

Excluding deferred consideration and the related Earnout, Clearwater has effectively fixed the interest rate 
on 71 percent of its debt as at December 31, 2017. 

Clearwater has applied hedge accounting to the forward foreign exchange contracts related to the coupon 
payments and a portion of the unrealized gain (loss) on the contracts will be included in Net Finance Costs 
on an accrual basis in the period. The change in fair value related to the forward foreign exchange contract 
on the notional will be recognized in Foreign exchange gain (loss) on long-term debt and working capital 
and is expected to offset a portion of the foreign exchange translation on long-term debt. 

The  revolver  and  Term  Loan  B  are  secured  by  a  first  charge  on  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts 
receivable,  inventory,  marine  vessels,  licenses  and  quotas,  and  Clearwater’s  investments  in  certain 
subsidiaries.  

Clearwater’s debt facilities are subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants.  Clearwater is in 
compliance with all covenants associated with its debt facilities.   

LIQUIDITY 

Clearwater has a number of treasury management policies and objectives to promote strong liquidity and 
continued access to capital to fund its growth. 

These include policies and strategies with respect to liquidity, leverage, foreign exchange management, free 
cash flows and dividends. 

Management continuously evaluates its capital structure in light of these policies and strategies: 

31 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity 

As of December 31, 2017 Clearwater had  $35.5 million in cash, and a $300.0 million revolving loan, with 
approximately $56 million available to draw down.  The cash balance, together with available credit on the 
revolving  loan,  is  used  to  manage  seasonal  working  capital  demands,  capital  expenditures,  and  other 
commitments.   

Clearwater’s  operations  experience  a  predictable  seasonal  pattern  in  which  sales,  margins  and  adjusted 
EBITDA are higher in the second half of the year whereas investments in capital expenditures and working 
capital are lower, resulting in higher free cash flows and lower leverage in the second half of the year.  This 
typically results in lower free cash flow, higher debt balances and higher leverage in the first half of the 
year.   

Leverage1 

Leverage  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  2017  increased  to  5.0x  adjusted  EBITDA  excluding  non-
controlling interest (“net adjusted EBITDA”) from 4.2x on December 31, 2016 as  a result of lower net 
adjusted EBITDA from a reduction in gross margin. Gross margin declined due to lower available supply 
of coldwater shrimp, lower clam margins and less favorable foreign exchange rates.  Pricing incentives on 
clams that reduced sales prices were partially offset by higher sales volumes.  Lower available supply from 
reductions in TAC for FAS shrimp and changes in fishing areas resulted in lower catch rates and differences 
in  sales  mix. As  well,  higher  debt  balances  from  the  completion  of  the  final  year  of  our  major  capital 
expenditure  program  increased  leverage.    In  the  third  quarter  of  2017,  the  Company  announced  an 
organizational restructuring, which is anticipated to generate in excess of $6 million in year-over-year cost 
savings  and  $10  million  annualized.    Pro  forma  leverage  of  4.8x  for  2017  has  been  calculated  using  a 
conservative estimate of reorganizational cost savings that aligns to lender calculations.     

For 2018, modest TAC reductions in clam and the announcement of a new entrant, potential TAC reductions 
in scallops, competitive market pressure associated with an anticipated significant increase in US scallop 
supply and foreign exchange headwinds are expected to offset progress in volume, pricing and margin on 
other core species. Combined with the seasonality of our business, we expect leverage to be higher during 
the  first  nine  months  of  2018  before  improving  by  the  end  of  the  year.   Significantly  lower  capital 
expenditures and further inventory reductions to historic levels, are expected to increase free cash flow 
which will result in lower debt and leverage. 

Leverage is not a recognized measure under IFRS, and therefore is unlikely to be comparable to similar 
measures  presented  by  other  companies.    Management  believes  leverage  to  be  a  useful  term  when 
discussing liquidity and manages its leverage.  In addition, as leverage is a measure frequently analyzed for 
public companies, Clearwater has calculated the amount in order to assist readers in this review.  Leverage 
should not be construed as a measure of cash flows. 

Clearwater’s  leverage  measure  is  based  on  the  ratio  of  Clearwater’s  share  of  adjusted  EBITDA  to  its 
outstanding debt, net of cash balances.    

32 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In 000's of Canadian dollars 
As at December 31 
Net Adjusted EBITDA2,3 (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Re-organizational savings  
Total Net adjusted EBITDA 

Debt5,4 (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Less cash (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Net debt 

Pro forma1   
2017  

89,156  $ 
4,000 
93,156  

Actual  
2017  

Actual  
2016  

Actual 
2015 

89,156  $ 

98,446  $ 

101,310 

89,156  

98,446  

101,310 

478,747  
(31,976)  
446,771  $ 

478,747  
(31,976)  
446,771  $ 

436,834  
(25,110)  
411,724  $ 

475,685 
(32,938) 
411,724 

$ 

$ 

Leverage 

4.8  

5.0  

4.2  

4.2 

1 - In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company initiated an organizational restructuring, which is anticipated to generate in excess of $6 million in year-
over-year cost savings and $10 million annualized.  Pro forma re-organizational savings has been provided as a conservative fiscal estimate that aligns to 
lender calculations. 
2 – Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations 
3 - Adjusted EBITDA for 2015 includes an adjustment of  $11.9 million to include the earnings of Macduff which was acquired on October 3, 2015. 

4 - Debt as at December 31, 2017 has been adjusted to include USD $200 million forward foreign exchange contract at an average contracted rate of 
1.2844. (December 31, 2016 - USD $75 million cross-currency swap at contracted rates of 1.3235). 
5 - Debt is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $10.3 million (December 31, 2016 - $2.0 million; December 31, 2015 0 $2.3 million).  

Foreign Exchange Management1  

Clearwater has a targeted foreign exchange program. This program focuses on using forward contracts to 
lock in exchange rates up to 15 months for sales currencies (the US dollar, Euro, Yen and GBP), foreign 
denominated capital spend and foreign denominated debt thereby lowering the potential volatility in cash 
flows from changes in exchange rates.   

As of December 31, 2017 Clearwater had forward exchange contracts outstanding:  

Currrency 
USD to CDN 
Yen to CDN 
Euro to CDN 
Euro to GBP 
USD to GBP 
CDN to USD 

Forecasted transaction 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Sales 
Debt 

Notional (millions) 
90.0 
2,081.0 
26.1 
17.4 
4.8 
261.9 

Average rate 
1.2991 
0.0117 
1.5026 
0.8850 
0.7658 
1.2842 

The purpose of these contracts is to give certainty to Clearwater on the exchange rates it receives on a 
portion  of  its  foreign  currency  sales,  capital  expenditures  and  long-term  debt1.  The  foreign  exchange 
contracts effectively adjust the cash proceeds received on sales receipts and cash paid with respect to capital 
expenditures and interest and notional amounts for long-term debt, to the rates that Clearwater planned for 
and contracted for as part of this annual planning cycle and its foreign exchange management program.   

When  spot  exchange  rates  are  above  contract  rates  at  the  date  of  maturity  of  the  contracts  Clearwater 
realizes a loss and conversely, when spot exchange rates are lower it realizes a gain.  At the same time, 
given that Clearwater only hedges up to 75% of its estimated net exposures and that higher or lower spot 
exchange rates are reflected in sales, any losses or gains on contracts are more than offset by the impact on 
sales. 

33 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Free cash flows1  
Clearwater  has  a  goal  to  generate  strong  cash  flows  from  operations  in  order  to  fund  scheduled  loan 
payments and capital expenditures and in turn to use this free cash flow to reduce debt or invest in growth 
investments.  Clearwater’s goal is to grow free cash flows such that it can fund growth, target leverage of 
approximately  3.0x  Adjusted  EBITDA  over  the  long-term  and  pay  a  sustainable  dividend  to  its 
shareholders.  

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

34 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA1 
Less: 
  Interest and bank charges 
  Current income tax expense 
  Other income and expense items 
  Operating cash flow before changes in working capital   

$ 

  Changes in working capitalA 
  Cash flows from operating activities 

Sources (uses) of cash: 

Purchase of property, plant, equipment, quota and other 
assets 

  Disposal of fixed assets 
  Less: Designated borrowingsB 
  Scheduled payments on long-term debtC 
  Payments on long-term incentive plans 
  Distribution to non-controlling interests 
  Dividends received from joint venture 
  Other financing activities 
  Non-routine costs 
Free cash flows1 

Add/(less): 
  Other debt borrowings (repayments) of debt, use of cashC 
  Issuance of equity 
  Payments on long-term incentive plans 
  Other investing activitiesD 
  Other financing activities 
Change in cash flows for the period 

13 weeks ended 
December 31 
2016  

2017   

Year Ended 
December 31 
2015 

2016   

2017   

28,490  $ 

29,460  $ 

108,596  $ 

120,937  $ 

109,732 

(7,426)  
(657)  
(12,458)  
7,949  

34,714  
42,663  

(6,778)  
(2,349)  
(4,899)  
15,434  

64,053  
79,487  

(28,204)  
(12,376)  
(12,932)  
55,084  

(24,776)  
(7,078)  
(9,496)  
79,587  

(19,006) 
(1,896) 
(1,590) 
87,240 

3,057  
58,141  

(16,547)  
63,040  

(18,746) 
68,494 

(25,350)  
2,400  
14,513  
(8,901)  
177  
(6,642)  
-  
-  
3,392  
22,252  $ 

(13,158)  
-  
5,703  
(10,259)  
-  
(5,097)  
-  
-  
684  
57,360  $ 

(24,574)  
-  
(177)  
259  
(5,159)  
(7,399) $ 

(42,003)  
(25)  
-  
(2,203)  
(6,696)  
6,433  $ 

(85,431)  
2,408  
39,206  
(11,948)  
1,618  
(19,154)  
3,340  
-  
3,392  
(8,428) $ 

27,792  
-  
(1,618)  
(5,832)  
(15,914)  

(4,000) $ 

(56,332)  
1,131  
25,883  

(15,215)  
5,670  
(24,560)  
-  
-  
1,885  
1,502  $ 

(63,390) 
4,584 
35,097 

(5,461) 
8,953 
(11,817) 
- 
676 
1,953 
39,089 

(37,566)  
53,024  
(5,670)  

78,099 
58,628 
(8,953) 

(2,513)  
(20,369)  
(11,592) $ 

(148,930) 
(14,425) 
3,508 

$ 

$ 

(1)  Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations. 
A  –  Changes  in  working  capital  have  been  restated  to  align  with  the  change  in  presentation  of  cash  interest  and  cash  income  taxes  paid  in  the 
consolidated statement of cash flows.  This change had no impact on cash from operations. 
B – Designated borrowings relate to capital projects for which there is long-term financing and therefore they will not be financed with operating cash 
flows.  For 2017 and 2016, the periods covered in this table includes the replacement of the Ocean Concord clam vessel.  For 2015, the period covered 
in this table includes a conversion of a vessel for Argentina, the addition of a third clam vessel, a late life refit on a shrimp vessel and the conversion 
of a new research vessel. For the purpose of free cash flow calculations the amount invested (up to the total amount of the related financing) during the 
period on these projects is backed out of the calculation of free cash flows irrespective of the timing of the related borrowing. 
C – Scheduled payments on long-term debt has been updated to include the Deferred Consideration payment made in Q4 2017 of $8.9 million (Q4 
2016 of $8.7 million) and the Earnout payment in Q2 2017 of $1.3 million. 
D - Other investing activities for 2015 includes $151.1 million for the acquisition of Macduff, less cash acquired in the acquisition of $9.1 million. 

1 – Refer to discussion on risks and uncertainties 

35 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow  generated  by  Clearwater’s  operations along with  cash on  deposit  and  available  credit  on  the 
revolving loan are used to fund current operations, seasonal operations, seasonal working capital demands, 
capital expenditures, and other commitments.  

The  fourth  quarter  of  2017  generated  cash  from  operations  of  $42.7  million  driven  by  working  capital 
improvements of $34.7 million of which $48.1 million was related to inventory, with the timing of accounts 
receivable  and  payables  partially  offsetting  the  improvements.    For  2017  total  cash  generated  from 
operations was $58.1 million of which $22.0 million was related to inventory and timing of payables. 

Free cash flows1 declined to a use of cash of $9.9 million in 2017 primarily as a result of higher capital 
expenditures with working capital improvements of $19.6 million partially offsetting the decline in free 
cash.  Annual capital expenditures represent the successful completion our five year fleet renewal program 
in 2017.  Capital spending is expected to decline by $60 to 70 million in 2018.   

Certain large investments in longer term assets such as, vessel conversion and/or acquisitions, are funded 
with long term capital such as amortizing term loans.  As a result Clearwater adds back the funding on those 
capital expenditures in the determination of free cash flows and deducts the related debt payments. 

Changes in working capital 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
Decrease (increase) in inventory 
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable 
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable 
(Increase) decrease in prepaids 
(Decrease) increase in income tax payable 

13 weeks ended 
December 31  
2016  
33,179  $ 
13,154 
20,722 
(2,309) 
(693) 
64,053  $ 

2017  
48,116  $ 
(2,487) 
(11,177) 
1,838 
(1,575) 
34,715  $ 

Year ended 
December 31 
2016 
(22,030) 
(7,785) 
3,775 
4,953 
4,540 
(16,547) 

2017  
12,615  $ 
9,369 
(22,043) 
188 
2,928 
3,057  $ 

$ 

$ 

Clearwater is focused on managing its free cash flows through: 

•  Managing working capital - Clearwater manages trade receivables through a combination of tight 
collection  terms  and  when  appropriate,  discounting.    Clearwater  has  a  policy  of  utilizing  a 
combination of credit reporting agencies, credit insurance, letters of credit and secured forms of 
payment to mitigate customer and country specific credit risk.  As a result, Clearwater does not 
have any significant concentration of credit risk. Clearwater manages its investment in inventories 
through tight review of supply and production plans versus sales forecasts, and through continuous 
improvements in the integration of its fleet and sales plans.  From time-to-time, Clearwater enters 
into transactions to sell selected accounts receivables to a commercial partner without recourse.  
Sale of receivables during the period represent less than 5 percent of consolidated sales. 

36 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Capital spending - Clearwater evaluates investments in property, plant, equipment and licences as 
either return on  investment  (“ROI”)  or  maintenance capital and tracks  each  project.  Significant 
expenditures that are expected to have a return in excess of the cost of capital are classified as ROI, 
and all refits and expenditures that are expected to return less than the average cost of capital are 
classified as maintenance.   

On average, Clearwater expects to invest approximately $20-25 million a year in maintaining its 
fixed  assets  with  repairs  and  maintenance  expense  declining  with  the  completion  of  the  fleet 
modernization program.   

In 2018 Clearwater expects to invest approximately $18 million in capital expenditures for land 
based operations, vessel maintenance and refits. 

Dividends 
On March 6, 2018 the Board of Directors approved and declared a dividend of $0.05 per share payable on 
April 2, 2018 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2018. 

On February 15, 2018 the Board approved a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) effective February 23, 
2018 to provide shareholders of Clearwater who are resident in Canada with the option to have the cash 
dividends  declared  on  the  common  shares  of  Clearwater  reinvested  automatically  back  into  additional 
shares,  without  the  payment  of  brokerage  commissions  or  service  charges.  The  DRIP  program  will  be 
effective  for  the  fourth  quarter  dividend  payment.  It  is  the  intention  of  certain  insiders  and  major 
shareholders to participate in the DRIP which management believes shows their commitment and belief in 
the long term value and strategies of the company by supporting cash reinvestment into the business. 

Enrollment for the April dividend commenced on February 23rd and will end on March 8th 

In  making  the  determination  of  dividend  levels  Clearwater's  Board  gives  consideration  to  several  key 
principles including: 

•  expected future earnings;  
• 
• 
• 

free cash flows that should be retained to reinvest in the business;  
the assurance that all obligations can be met with respect to existing loan agreements; and  
the  desire  to  increase  the  dividend  in  the  future  as  the  business  continues  to  grow  and 
expand.  

The  Board  will  continue  to  review  the  policy  on  a  regular  basis  to  ensure  the  dividend  level  remains 
consistent with Clearwater’s long term dividend policy.   

These dividends are eligible dividends as defined for the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and 
applicable provincial legislation and, therefore, qualify for the favorable tax treatment applicable to such 
dividends. 

Commitments   

In the normal course of business, Clearwater is obligated to make future payments, including contractual 
obligations  for  non-derivative  and  derivative  financial  instruments,  operating  leases  and  other 
commitments. The table includes undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities, operating lease and other 
commitments, interest and principal cash flows based on the earliest date on which Clearwater is required 
to pay. 

37 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017 

Carrying 
Amount 

Total 
Contractual 
Cash Flow 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

  >2023 

Interest - long-term debt 

$ 

-  $ 

198,248  $ 

26,502  $ 

26,251  $ 

26,238  $ 

26,225  $ 

23,321  $ 

69,711 

Principal repayments - long-term debt  

-   

473,173   

21,025   

9,761   

9,761   

1,695   

120,748   

310,183 

Total long-term debt  

473,173   

671,421   

47,527   

36,012   

35,999   

27,920   

144,069   

379,894 

Trade and other payables 

80,411   

80,411   

80,411   

-   

-   

-   

-   

Operating leases and other 

-   

14,670   

5,625   

4,011   

3,281   

820   

555   

Derivative financial instruments - asset 

5,938   

5,938   

5,797   

88   

47   

6   

-   

Derivative financial instruments - liabilities   

9,120   

9,120   

1,978   

485   

436   

395   

5,826   

- 

379 

- 

- 

$ 

568,642  $ 

781,560  $  141,338  $ 

40,596  $ 

39,763  $ 

29,141  $  150,450  $  380,273 

Included in the above commitments for “operating leases and other” are amounts to which Clearwater is 
committed directly - and indirectly through its partnerships - for various licenses and lease agreements, 
office, machinery and vehicle leases, and vessel and equipment commitments.  These commitments require 
approximate minimum annual payments in each of the next five years as shown above.  

Also included in commitments  for operating  leases and  other,  are (i)  amounts to  be  paid to a company 
controlled by a director of Clearwater over a period of years ending in 2020 for vehicle and office leases, 
which aggregate approximately $0.07 million (2016 - $0.04 million). 

38 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
OUTLOOK 

For 2018, modest TAC reductions in clam and the announcement of a new entrant, potential TAC reductions 
in scallops, competitive market pressure associated with an anticipated significant increase in US scallop 
supply and foreign exchange headwinds are expected to offset progress in volume, pricing and margin on 
other  core  species. Significantly  lower  capital  expenditures  and  further  inventory  reductions  to  historic 
levels, are expected to increase free cash flow which will result in lower debt and leverage.  Combined with 
the seasonality of our business, we expect leverage to be higher during the first nine months of 2018 before 
improving by the end of the year.   

Our core fisheries are managed for long-term sustainability, we have taken timely and carefully considered 
measures  in  response  to  these  near-term  challenges  including  adjustments  to  harvest  plans,  pricing  and 
distribution  strategies,  cost  and  working  capital  reductions  and  a  major  organization  restructuring 
completed in December 2017. We expect these measures will generate strong cash flows from operations, 
reduce debt and leverage, yield a higher return on assets and positive returns to shareholder value. Details 
include:   

1)  Capital Spending and Working Capital Reductions. With the successful completion of our five-year 
fleet renewal program in 2017, capital spending will decline by $60 to 70 million in 2018. In fact, with 
one of the youngest and best-maintained offshore fleets in Canada, we expect to be able to maintain 
these modest new capital spending limits for several years to come.  Inventory is expected to continue 
to decrease with further reductions of $10 to 20 million by the end of the year. 

2)  Organization Restructuring and Improved Cost Management. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we 
initiated a company-wide restructuring targeting annualized savings in excess of $10 million, incurring 
one-time  charges  of  $6.7  million  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  2017.  While  these  changes  to  our 
organizational structure are significant, they will make us leaner, more agile and reflect our greater 
ability  to  leverage  state-of-the-art  technology  and  smarter  systems  to  drive  margin  improvement 
through increased price realization and improved cost management. 

In 2018, Clearwater will continue to navigate the combined forces of technological change, globalization 
and  Mother  Nature.  Meanwhile,  industry  fundamentals  of  limited  supply  of  wild  capture  seafood,  and 
growing  population,  demand  and  purchasing  power of  middle  class  consumers,  especially  in  Asia,  will 
remain in our favor strengthening our value proposition and creating long-term value for our customers, 
employees, communities and shareholders.  

Global demand for seafood has been driven by growing worldwide population, shifting consumer tastes 
towards healthier diets, and rising purchasing power of middle class consumers in emerging economies. 
The supply of wild seafood is limited and is expected to continue to lag behind the growing global demand.  
This supply-demand imbalance has created a marketplace in which purchasers of seafood are increasingly 
willing to pay a premium to suppliers that can provide consistent quality and food safety, wide diversity 
and reliable delivery of premium, wild, sustainably harvested seafood.  

Clearwater is well positioned to take advantage of this opportunity because of its licenses, premium product 
quality, diversity of species, global sales footprint, and year-round harvest and delivery capability. 

39 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

The performance of Clearwater’s business is susceptible to a number of risks which affect income, liquidity 
and cash flow, including risks related to resource supply, food processing and product liability, suppliers, 
customers, competition and foreign exchange exposure and lawsuits in the normal course of business.  For 
further disclosure of additional risk factors please refer to the Annual Information Form, which is available 
on Sedar at www.sedar.com as well as Clearwater’s website at www.clearwater.ca.  

Foreign exchange risk   

Clearwater’s financial results are subject to volatility as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.   

The majority of Clearwater’s sales are to locations outside Canada and are transacted in currencies other 
than  the  Canadian  dollar  whereas  the  majority  of  its  expenses  are  in  Canadian  dollars.    As  a  result, 
fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates of these currencies can have a material impact on the financial 
condition and operating results.   

In addition Clearwater has a subsidiary which operates in the offshore scallop fishery in Argentina which 
exposes  Clearwater  to  changes  in  the  value  of  the  Argentine  Peso.      In  2015  and  2016  our  Argentine 
operation was subject to foreign currency volatility related to the Argentine Peso.  Clearwater continues to 
monitor these fluctuations and any risk that the exchange rate volatility could cause Clearwater to report its 
Argentine operations using IAS 29 – Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies. 

Risks associated with foreign exchange are partially mitigated by the following strategies: 

(1)  Diversify  sales  internationally  which  reduces  the  impact  of  any  country-specific  economic 

risks.  

(2)  Execute on pricing strategies so as to offset the impact of exchange rates.  
(3)  Limit  the  amount  of  long-term  sales  contracts  –  Clearwater  has  very  few  long-term  sales 
contracts with any customers.  Contracts are typically less than 6 months and are based on list 
prices that provide a margin for exchange rate fluctuations.  

(4)  Plan  conservatively  -  Clearwater  regularly  reviews  economist  estimates  of  future  exchange 

rates and uses conservative estimates when managing its business, and 

(5)  Foreign exchange hedging program – a portfolio of forward contracts enable Clearwater to lock 
in exchange rates for up to 15 months for key sales currencies (the US dollar, Euro, Yen and 
Sterling) thereby lowering the potential volatility in cash flows through derivative contracts.   

In 2017 approximately 40% of Clearwater’s sales were denominated in US dollars. 

Based on 2017 sales and excluding the impact of its hedging program, 

• 

• 

• 

a change of 0.01 in the US dollar rate converted to Canadian dollars would result in a  $1.9  million 
change in sales and gross profit.    

a change of 0.01 in the Sterling rate converted to Canadian dollars would result in a  $0.4  million 
change in sales and gross profit.    

a change of 0.01 in the Euro rate as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a  $1.1  million 
change in sales and gross profit.  

40 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
• 

a change of 0.001 in the Yen rate as converted to Canadian dollars would result in a change of  $5.4 
million in sales and gross profit. 

Political risk 
Our operations and investments are subject to economic and political risks, which could materially and 
adversely affect our business.  

These  risks  include  fluctuations  in  foreign  exchange  rates,  expropriation  of  our  assets,  nationalization, 
renegotiation, forced divestiture, modification or nullification of our contracts and changes in foreign laws 
or other regulatory policies of foreign or domestic governments and having to submit to the jurisdiction of 
a foreign court or arbitration panel or having to enforce the judgment of a foreign court or arbitration panel 
against a sovereign nation within its own territory.  Specific risks by country are described below. 

Canada 
Clearwater  was  a  pioneer  in  the  development  of  the  clam  fishery,  which  began  in  1986.   Clearwater 
purchased  its  licences  and  quota  with  the  consent  of  the  Department  of  Fisheries  and  Oceans  Canada 
(“DFO”) and has invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop the fishery and the market, including 
$156 million in the last three years.  

On  September  6,  2017,  the  DFO  announced  the  introduction  of  a  fourth  Arctic  Surf  Clam  licence 
representing  25%  of the existing TAC  to be  awarded  to an  Indigenous  group effective  2018.   With  the 
announcement  of  the  recipient  of  the  new  licence  on  February  21,  2018,  the  Minister  has  effectively 
expropriated value. Clearwater will be pursuing legal options to address this failure in public policy and 
abuse of power by the Minister. This announcement, in combination with the suspension of the shrimp 
LIFO arrangement in 2016, represent departures from historical Canadian policy.   

No assurance can be given that our operations will not be adversely impacted as a result of existing or future 
policy changes. 

Argentina 
Our operations in Argentina may be negatively affected by both foreign exchange and expropriation losses 
as well as the increased cost and risks of doing business in developing markets.    

We mitigate this risk through maintaining a policy of repatriating our share of the earnings from Argentina 
through dividends and we do not maintain any material financial assets that are surplus to our needs to 
operate the business outside of Canada. We do not carry financial assets in Pesos to mitigate exchange risk.  
In addition we have structured our operations in Argentina with an Argentine partner who owns 15% of the 
Argentine business and who is actively managing the business.  

No assurance can be given that our operations will not be adversely impacted as a result of existing or future 
legislation. 

41 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom 
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (“UK”) voted to leave the European Union (“EU”). On March 29, 
2017, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom filed notice of intention to leave the EU triggering the 
process to negotiate the terms of the withdrawal and the country’s future relationship with the EU. Under 
the Lisbon Treaty, the negotiations of the terms of departure are required to be concluded within two years 
from giving notice.  Initial negotiations on the transition period have commenced however full discussions 
related  to future  trade arrangements  have  not  yet  begun.  Any  impacts  to  Clearwater are  not  yet  known 
although the dialogue from both Brussels and the UK is that both sides are keen to establish a mechanism 
for free trade.  

As a business, we are taking a fully participative, active and advisory role in all preparatory government 
working groups for Shellfisheries and processing, looking at trade, fisheries access and immigration/labor 
related matters.  The Company expects to be able to assess, manage and plan for any impacts to the business 
through our involvement in the negotiations and their outputs.  

United States 
NAFTA is a comprehensive trade agreement that sets the rules of trade and investment between Canada, 
the United States, and Mexico. Since the agreement entered into force on January 1, 1994, NAFTA has 
systematically eliminated most tariff and non-tariff barriers to free trade and investment between the three 
NAFTA  countries.      The  current  President  of  the  United  States  has  expressed  his  intent  to  change  the 
existing NAFTA and in July 2017 the United States released their objectives.  Since July 2017, there have 
been six rounds of discussion among the members however, as a result of the uncertainty of the outcome 
from these discussions, the impact to Canada and Clearwater is indeterminable.  Approximately 14.0% of 
total sales for 2017 and 14.0% for 2016 were in the United States.   

Management continues to review, assess and monitor for any changes to NAFTA that could significantly 
impact Clearwater.   

On December 22, 2017, new tax laws were enacted in the United States.  The new laws include a permanent 
reduction in corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax, 
modifications to the rules for expensing capital investment, limitation of the deduction for interest expense, 
and a multitude of other changes to the corporate tax rules.  These changes are effective January 1, 2018.  
These changes are not expected to have a material impact to Clearwater. 

Europe 
In February 2017, the European Union (“EU”) approved a deal which will drop barriers between the EU 
and  Canada  (the  “Comprehensive  Economic  and  Trade  Agreement”  or  “CETA”).  Canada  and  the  EU 
agreed on September 21, 2017 as the date for provisional application of CETA however the deal is still 
required to be ratified by the 28 members of the EU and Canada.  

Europe is one of the world’s top consumption markets for seafood.  In 2012, the EU imported in excess of 
CAD $25 billion of seafood worldwide with exports of only CAD $5.7 billion.  Europe is a major export 
market for Clearwater products, representing approximately 40% of total sales or $243 million in 2017.  
With CETA, Clearwater and its European customers will continue to see a financial benefit through tariff 
reduction.  Clearwater also anticipates the reduction in tariffs to lead to accelerated growth in the European 
market. 

China and Japan 
On  January  30,  2017,  the  Government  of  the  United  States  officially  withdrew  from  the  Trans-Pacific 
Partnership Agreement (“TPP”).  As much of the TPP was negotiated around specific U.S. conditions, the 
status of the TPP is unknown and therefore, the impact to Canada and Clearwater is indeterminable.   

42 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the absence of TPP, the Governments of Canada, China and Japan have expressed interest in exploring 
bilateral free trade agreements.  Ratified bilateral free trade agreements would be expected to have positive 
benefits to Clearwater’s sales and margins through reductions of tariffs and duties. 

Resource supply risk 
A  material  change  in  the  population  and  biomass  of  scallop,  lobster,  clam,  langoustine,  crab,  whelk  or 
coldwater shrimp stocks in the fisheries in which we operate would materially and adversely affect our 
business. 

Clearwater's business is dependent on our allocated quotas of the annual Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for 
the species of seafood we harvest. The annual TAC is generally related to the health of the stock of the 
particular  species  as  measured  by  a  scientific  survey  of  the  resource.  The  population  and  biomass  of 
shellfish stocks are subject to natural fluctuations some of which are beyond our control and which may be 
exacerbated by factors such as  water temperatures, food availability, the presence of predators, disease, 
disruption in the food chain, reproductive problems or other biological issues. We are unable to fully predict 
the timing and extent of fluctuations in the population and biomass of the shellfish stocks we harvest and 
process, and we therefore may not be able to engage in effective measures to alleviate the adverse effects 
of these fluctuations. In addition, the population models utilized by scientists evaluating the fisheries in 
which  we  operate  are  constantly  evolving.  Certain  changes  in  the  population  models  could  negatively 
impact  future  biomass  estimates.  Any  material  reduction  in  the  population  and  biomass  or  TAC  of  the 
stocks from which we source seafood would materially and adversely affect our business. Any material 
increase in the population and biomass or TAC could dramatically reduce the market price of any of our 
products. 

The source of all Clearwater’s supply of products comes from fisheries in Canada, the United Kingdom and 
Argentina. The governments of Canada, the UK and EU and Argentina set the annual TAC and/or define 
fishing regulations for each species by reviewing scientific studies of the resource and then consulting with 
key  stakeholders  including  Clearwater  and  its  competitors  to  determine  acceptable  catch  levels.  The 
potentially  differing  interests  of  our  competitors  may  result  in  conflicting  positions  on  issues  around 
resource management, including the establishment of TACs and other management measures potentially 
limiting our ability to grow, to fully capitalize on our investments in harvesting capacity, or to achieve 
targeted  yields  from  the  resource,  which  may  adversely  affect  our  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. 

Resource supply risk is managed through adherence with government policies and regulations related to 
fishing in Canada and Argentina and Clearwater’s investment in science and technology, which enables 
Clearwater to understand the species that it harvests. Clearwater has invested in projects with the scientific 
community, such as ocean floor mapping and the resource assessment surveys to ensure access to the best 
available science information. Resource management plans, developed by DFO, are developed through an 
open  and  transparent  process  with  strong  input  from  industry  participants.  Clearwater  engages  in  these 
processes  to  promote  best  in  class,  robust,  and  sustainable  management  of  the  resource.  The  Marine 
Stewardship Council certification of all of our core species demonstrates that the resources that Clearwater 
harvests meet the leading global standard for sustainable fisheries management practice. Clearwater further 
mitigates  the  risk  associated  with  resource  supply  and    competition  through  the  diversification  across 
species. 

43 | P a g e  

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The northern shrimp resource is declining from record high levels and on July 15, 2016, the Government 
of Canada announced a decrease in the TAC for the Northern coldwater shrimp fishery area (SFA) 6. On 
March 30, 2017, the Government of Canada announced a further decrease in TAC for the same area. The 
decline in the TAC reverses the tremendous growth in the resource and is a reversal that has been expected 
by scientists and industry participants.  Clearwater will continue to pursue adjustments to the business, as 
required,  to  find  additional  quotas,  efficiencies  and  market  value  to  offset  the  volume  declines.    The 
diversity  in  Clearwater’s  species  portfolio  also  helps  to  mitigate  the  impact  of  shrimp  declines  in  the 
business. 

Contingent Liabilities   

From time to time Clearwater is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of operations. 
In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of such pending legal proceedings will not have a 
material effect on Clearwater’s consolidated financial position. 

Other risks 

For further disclosure of additional risk factors please refer to the Annual Information Form. 

44 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES  

Clearwater’s  critical  accounting  policies  are  those  that  are  important  to  the  portrayal  of  Clearwater’s 
financial position and operations and may require management to make judgments based on underlying 
estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects.  These estimates can include but are not 
limited to estimates regarding inventory valuation, accounts receivable valuation allowances, estimates of 
expected useful lives of vessels and plant facilities, and estimates of future cash flows for impairment tests.  
Underlying estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are believed 
by management to be reasonable under the circumstances.  These estimates and assumptions are subject to 
change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as 
the operating environment changes.  Clearwater has considered recent market conditions including changes 
to its cost of capital in making these estimates.  Refer to the notes to the annual financial statements for a 
complete listing of critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting  

Clearwater has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures over financial reporting, as 
defined under the rules adopted by the Canadian Securities Regulators in instrument 52-109. The Chief 
Executive  Officer  (“CEO”)  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  (“CFO”)  have  evaluated  the  design  and 
effectiveness  of  Clearwater’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  as  of  December  31,  2017  and  have 
concluded that such procedures are adequate and effective to provide reasonable assurance that material 
information relating to Clearwater and its consolidated subsidiaries would be made known to them by others 
within those entities to allow for accurate and complete disclosures in annual filings. 

The  Management  of  Clearwater,  with  the  participation  of  the  CEO  and  the  CFO  (collectively 
“Management”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial 
reporting.  Clearwater’s  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  are  designed  to  provide  reasonable 
assurance  regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  preparation  of  financial  statements  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). 

Management  evaluated  the  design  and  effectiveness  of  Clearwater’s  internal  controls  over  financial 
reporting as at December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by 
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in its report “Internal Control – 
Integrated Framework (2013)”. This evaluation included reviewing controls in key risk areas, assessing the 
design of these controls, testing these controls to determine their effectiveness, reviewing the results and 
then developing an overall conclusion.  

Based on management’s evaluation, the CEO and the CFO have concluded that as of December 31, 2017, 
Clearwater’s  internal  controls  over financial  reporting  were  effective  in providing  reasonable  assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance 
with IFRS.   

Adoption of new and revised standards 

The IASB has issued the following standards that have not been applied in preparing these consolidated 
financial statements as their effective dates fall within annual periods beginning subsequent to the current 
reporting period. 

45 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Effective January 1, 2018 

  IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers  

The  standard  contains  a  single  model  that  applies  to  contracts  with  customers  and  two  approaches  to 
recognizing revenue: at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract-based five-step analysis 
of  transactions  to  determine  whether,  how  much  and  when  revenue  is  recognized.    New  estimates  and 
judgmental  thresholds  have  been  introduced,  which  may  affect  the  amount  and/or  timing  of  revenue 
recognized.  

The Company will adopt IFRS 15 for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2018. The Company has 
elected to apply the modified retrospective method on transition which means that comparative periods will 
not be restated, instead the cumulative impact will be recognized in opening retained earnings on transition, 
January 1, 2018. Based on Clearwater’s analysis of its existing contracts and arrangements, Clearwater is 
not expected to be materially impacted by the new standard.    

Under the new standard, the Company is required to disclose information related to the disaggregation of 
revenues, performance obligations, significant judgements, contract balances and costs to obtain contracts.  
The  additional  disclosures  are  not  expected  to  have  a  significant  impact  to  Clearwater’s  information 
gathering processes or systems. 

IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments 

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets. Under IFRS 
9, financial assets are classified and measured based on the business model in which they are held and the 
characteristics  of  their  contractual  cash  flows.  The  standard  introduces  additional  changes  relating  to 
financial liabilities and amends the impairment model by introducing a new ‘expected credit loss’ model 
for calculating impairment. IFRS 9 also includes a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns 
hedge accounting more closely with risk management. This new standard does not fundamentally change 
the types of hedging relationships or the requirement to measure and recognize ineffectiveness; however it 
will permit more hedging strategies that are used for risk management to qualify for hedge accounting and 
introduce  more  judgment  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  a  hedging  relationship.  Special  transitional 
requirements have been set for the application of the new general hedging model.  

The Company is required to adopt IFRS 9 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on 
January  1,  2018.  Based  on  Clearwater’s analysis  of  its  existing  financial  instruments,  Clearwater  is  not 
materially impacted by the new standard.  Changes related to general hedge accounting will not have a 
significant impact to Clearwater. 

IFRIC 22 - Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration  

On  December  6,  2016,  the  IASB  issued  IFRIC  22,  Foreign  Currency  Transactions  and  Advance 
Consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction, for the purpose of determining the exchange rate 
to  use  on  initial  recognition  of the  related  asset,  expense  or income,  is  the  date on  which  an  entity  has 
received or paid advance consideration.   

The Company will adopt IFRIC 22 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 
1, 2018.  This standard is not expected to have a material impact to Clearwater. 

46 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment 

In June 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment. The amendments provide 
clarification on how to account for certain types of share-based payment transactions.  

The Company will adopt the amendments to IFRS 2 in its consolidated financial statements for the annual 
period beginning January 1, 2018. The amendments do not have a material impact to Clearwater based on 
existing share-based payment transactions. 

Effective January 1, 2019 

IFRS 16 Leases 

On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases. This standard introduces a single lessee accounting 
model and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 
months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset 
representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make 
lease payments. This standard substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements of IAS 17, 
while requiring enhanced disclosures to be provided by lessors. Other areas of the lease accounting model 
have been impacted, including the definition of a lease. Transitional provisions have been provided.  

The Company is required to adopt IFRS 16 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on 
January  1,  2019.  Clearwater  expects  to  see  an  impact  as  a  result  of  the  new  lease  standard  on  its  key 
performance measures, including earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization. The extent of 
the impact of adoption of the standard has not yet been determined and quantified.  Clearwater expects to 
have completed its analysis by the third quarter of 2018. 

No Effective Date 

 IFRS 10 - Transfer of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture (amendment) 

On  September  11,  2014,  the  IASB  issued  Sale  or  Contribution  of  Assets  between  an  Investor  and  its 
Associate or Joint Venture (Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28). The amendments were to be applied 
prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016, however, on December 17, 2015 
the IASB decided to defer the effective date for these amendments indefinitely. The amendments address 
an acknowledged inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those in IAS 28, in dealing with 
the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture.  Specifically, under 
the existing consolidation standard the parent recognizes the full gain on the loss of control, whereas under 
the existing guidance on associates and joint ventures the parent recognizes the gain only to the extent of 
unrelated investors’ interests in the associate or joint venture. The main consequence of the amendments is 
that a full gain/loss is recognised when the assets transferred meet the definition of a ‘business’ under IFRS 
3 Business Combinations. A partial gain/loss is recognized when the assets transferred do not meet the 
definition of a business, even if these assets are housed in a subsidiary. The Company will evaluate the 
impact if and when the IASB resolves the inconsistencies and determines an effective date. 

47 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Related Party Transactions 

Clearwater often transacts in the normal course of business with other related parties.  The details are as 
follows for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016: 

Clearwater rents office space to and provides computer support network services to CFFI Ventures Inc. 
(“CVI”), a related party. The net amount due from CVI in respect of these transactions was $0.04 million 
(December 31, 2016 – net amount due from CVI of $0.04 million), is unsecured and due on demand.  

In June 2016, Clearwater sold an idle vessel to the joint venture, the sales price of CDN $13.5  million 
dollars was the book value at the time of the sale plus refit costs. 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Clearwater recorded net revenue of approximately $0.06 million 
for  providing  computer  support  network  services  to  and  receiving  goods  and  services  from  companies 
related to CVI (December 31, 2016 - $0.1 million). The transactions are recorded at the exchange amount 
and the balance due from these companies was $0.07 million as at December 31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 
- $0.05 million due to).  

In the second quarter of 2017, interest bearing loans of $1.3 million (December 31, 2016 - $1.4 million) 
made to a non-controlling interest shareholder in a subsidiary were repaid and $0.1 million was forgiven. 

48 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS 

The following table provides historical data for the wwelve most recently completed quarters. 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 

Fiscal 2017 
Sales 
Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders 
Earnings per share ("EPS") 
Diluted earnings per share1 
Weighted average shares outstanding 

Fiscal 2016 
Sales 
Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders 
Earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding 

First  
Quarter  

Second  
Quarter  

Third  
Quarter  

Fourth 
Quarter 

$ 

128,367  $ 
2,172 
0.03 

154,302  $ 
9,489 
0.15 

0.03 
63,934,698 

0.15 
63,934,698 

163,597  $ 

15,054 
0.24 

0.24 
63,934,698 

174,765 
(10,956) 
(0.17) 

(0.17) 
63,934,698 

$ 

116,225  $ 

14,507 
0.24 
0.24 
59,958,998 

140,180  $ 
9,962 
0.16 
0.16 
60,439,577 

189,457  $ 

10,847 
0.17 
0.17 
63,934,698 

165,690 
8,611 
0.14 
0.14 
63,934,698 

Fiscal 2015 
Sales 
Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders 
Earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share 
Weighted average shares outstanding 
1 Diluted earnings (loss) per share are anti-dilutive for the first nine months of 2016 and fourth quarter of 2015. 

75,362  $ 
(31,398) 
(0.57) 
(0.57) 
54,978,098 

116,748  $ 
5,616 
0.10 
0.10 
55,197,039 

147,332  $ 
(4,768) 
(0.08) 
(0.09) 
59,958,998 

$ 

165,503 
(7,060) 
(0.07) 
(0.07) 
59,958,998 

For a more detailed analysis of each quarter’s results, please refer to our quarterly reports and our annual 
reports. 

Due to seasonality, sales generally increase with each successive quarter with the highest revenues in the 
second half of each year.  

Volatility in exchange rates can have a significant impact on earnings.  The volatility is partially offset by 
Clearwater’s foreign exchange management program. 

Net loss in the first and fourth quarter of 2015 includes unrealized foreign exchange losses on the translation 
of the US dollar denominated debt. 

49 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NON- IFRS MEASURES, DEFINITIONS AND RECONCILIATIONS 

Gross margin   

Gross  margin  consists  of  sales  less  cost  of  goods  sold  which  includes  harvesting,  distribution,  direct 
manufacturing costs, manufacturing overhead, certain administration expenses and depreciation related 
to manufacturing operations. 

Adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”) 
Adjusted  earnings  before  interest,  tax,  depreciation  and  amortization  (“adjusted  EBITDA”)  is  not  a 
recognized measure under IFRS, and therefore is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented 
by other companies.  Management believes that in addition to net earnings and cash provided by operating 
activities, adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure from which to determine Clearwater’s ability 
to  generate  cash  available  for  debt  service,  working  capital,  capital  expenditures,  income  taxes  and 
dividends.    In  addition,  as  adjusted  EBITDA  is  a  measure  frequently  analyzed  for  public  companies, 
Clearwater has calculated adjusted EBITDA in order to assist readers in this review.  Adjusted EBITDA 
should not be construed as an alternative to net earnings determined in accordance with IFRS as a measure 
of liquidity, or as a measure of cash flows. 

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding extraordinary, non-operating, non-recurring or non-
routine items that are unusual and are deemed not to be a part of normal operations of the business.  Items 
that  are excluded from  adjusted  EBITDA  include  restructuring  and reorganization  expenses,  gains  and 
losses on investment activities, costs associated with acquisitions to the extent not capitalized, financing 
and refinancing costs, net gains on insurance claims and stock based compensation.  In addition recurring 
accounting gains and losses on foreign exchange (other than realized gains and losses on forward exchange 
contracts), have been excluded from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.  Unrealized gains and losses on 
forward exchange contracts relate to economic hedging on future operational transactions and by adjusting 
for them, the results more closely reflect the economic effect of the hedging relationships in the period to 
which they relate. 

Reconciliation of net earnings (loss) to adjusted EBITDA for the 13 weeks ended December 31, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016 and year ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as 
follows: 

50 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) 
Add (deduct): 
  Income taxes 
  Taxes and depreciation for equity investment 
  Depreciation and amortization 

Interest, bank charges, amortization of deferred 
financing costs 

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and 
amortization 

Add (deduct) other items: 

Unrealized foreign exchange and derivative loss 
(income) 

  Fair market value on long-term debt 

Realized foreign exchange loss (gain) on working 
capital 

Restructuring, refinancing costs and acquisition 
related costs 

  Stock based compensation (recovery) expense 
  Loss on insurance claim 
Adjusted EBITDA 

Adjusted EBITDA attributed to: 
  Non-controlling interests 
  Shareholders of Clearwater 

13 weeks ended 

  December 31 
2017 
(6,551) $ 

  December 31 
2016 
12,411  $ 

  December 31 
2017 
28,239  $ 

$ 

Year Ended 
  December 31 
2016 
59,596  $ 

  December 31 
2015 
(20,671) 

4,461 
(57) 
15,850 

7,831 

6,261 
530 
9,781 

7,256 

7,659 
2,112 
45,252 

16,446 
960 
33,501 

4,387 
1,154 
29,413 

29,759 

26,889 

20,338 

$ 

21,534  $ 

36,239  $ 

113,021  $ 

137,392  $ 

34,621 

1,609 
(1,617) 

(6,603) 
(888) 

(23,136) 
(1,307) 

(31,753) 
2,211 

(564) 

778 

3,547 

7,412 

2,237 

16,062 

116 
- 

(2,303) 
- 

409 
- 

7,805 

2,380 

2,902 
- 

28,490  $ 

29,460  $ 

108,596  $ 

120,937  $ 

5,538  $ 
22,952 
28,490  $ 

4,382  $ 
25,078 
29,460  $ 

19,440  $ 
89,156 
108,596  $ 

22,491 
98,446 
120,937  $ 

62,052 
(2,118) 

(1,690) 

11,299 

5,270 
300 
109,734 

22,829 
86,905 
109,734 

$ 

$ 

$ 

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Adjusted Earnings  attributable to shareholders           

To  assist  readers  in  estimating  our  earnings  we  have  included  a    calculation  of  adjusted  earnings.  
Management  believes  that  in  addition  to  earnings  and  cash  provided  by  operating  activities,  adjusted 
earnings is a useful supplemental measure from which to determine Clearwater’s earnings from operations 
and ability to generate cash available for debt service, working capital, capital expenditures, income taxes 
and dividends.  

Reconciliation  of  net  earnings  to  adjusted  earnings  for  the  13  weeks  ended  December  31,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016 and year ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as 
follows: 

52 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13 weeks ended 

Year ended 

December 31  December 31  December 31  December 31  December 31 
2015 

2017 

2017 

2016 

2016 

Reconciliation of net earnings to adjusted earnings 
  Earnings (loss) 

$ 

  Restructuring and refinancing costs 
  Acquisition related costs 
  Fair value impact of purchase price allocation  
  Stock based compensation (recovery) expense  
  Insurance claim 

Unrealized foreign exchange and derivative 
(gain) loss 

  Devaluation of peso on working capital 
  Fair value on long-term debt 

(6,551) $ 
7,411  
-  
-  
116  
-  

1,609  
-  
(1,617)  
7,519  

12,411  $ 
951 
- 
- 
(2,303) 
- 

(6,603) 
- 
(888) 
(8,843) 

28,239  $ 
16,059  
-  
-  
409  
-  

(23,136)  
-  
(1,307)  
(7,975)  

59,596  $ 
(182)  
1,159  
-  
2,902  
-  

(31,753)  
5,199  
2,211  
(20,464)  

(20,671) 
5,821 
3,403 
2,166 
5,270 
300 

62,053 
5,344 
(2,118) 
82,239 

Adjusted earnings 

$ 

968 $ 

3,568 $ 

20,264 $ 

39,132 $ 

61,568 

Adjusted earnings attributable to: 

  Non-controlling interests 

  Shareholders 

  Adjusted earnings per share: 

2,554  

(1,585)  

969 $ 

2,773 

795 
3,568 $ 

11,574  

8,690  
20,264 $ 

15,366  

23,766  
39,132 $ 

18,111 

43,457 
61,568 

$ 

  Weighted average of shares outstanding 
  Adjusted earnings per share for shareholders   

63,935  
(0.02)  

63,935  
0.01 

63,935  
0.14  

61,434  
0.38  

61,947 
0.70 

Reconciliation of adjusted earnings to adjusted EBITDA 
  Adjusted earnings 

$ 

968 $ 

3,568 $ 

20,264 $ 

39,132 $ 

61,568 

  Add (subtract) 

  Income tax expense 
  Depreciation and amortization 
  Interest on long-term debt and bank charges 
  Taxes and depreciation on equity investment   
  Realized foreign exchange on working capital  
  Other reorganizational costs 

4,461  
15,850  
7,831  
(57)  
(563)  
-  
27,522  

6,261 
9,781 
7,256 
530 
780 
1,286 
25,894 

7,659  
45,252  
29,759  
2,112  
3,550  
-  
88,332  

16,446  
33,501  
26,889  
960  
2,608  
1,403  
81,807  

4,387 
29,414 
20,336 
1,154 
(7,034) 
(91) 
48,166 

Adjusted EBITDA1 

$ 

28,490 $ 

29,462 $ 

108,596 $ 

120,939 $ 

109,734 

1 – Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations  

53 | P a g e  

 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
  
 
 
   
Leverage 

Leverage is not a recognized measure under IFRS, and therefore is unlikely to be comparable to similar 
measures  presented  by  other  companies.    Management  believes  leverage  to  be  a  useful  term  when 
discussing  liquidity  and  does  monitor  and  manage  leverage.    In  addition,  as  leverage  is  a  measure 
frequently analyzed for public companies, Clearwater has calculated the amount in order to assist readers 
in this review.  Leverage should not be construed as a measure of liquidity or as a measure of cash flows. 

Leverage for banking purposes differs from the below calculations as agreements require the exclusion of 
certain cash from the calculation and EBITDA excludes non-controlling interests and most significant non-
cash  and  non-recurring  items.    Clearwater is  in compliance  with  all  of the  non-financial  and  financial 
covenants associated with its debt facilities.  

Reconciliation  of  adjusted  EBITDA  (excluding  non-controlling  interest)  to  debt  (net  of  unamortized 
deferred financing charges) for the year ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 
2015 is as follows: 

In 000's of Canadian dollars 
As at December 31 
Net Adjusted EBITDA2,3 (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Re-organizational savings  
Total Net adjusted EBITDA 

Debt5,4 (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Less cash (excluding non-controlling interest) 
Net debt 

Pro forma1   
2017  

89,156  $ 
4,000 
93,156  

Actual  
2017  

Actual  
2016  

Actual 
2015 

89,156  $ 

98,446  $ 

101,310 

89,156  

98,446  

101,310 

478,747  
(31,976)  
446,771  $ 

478,747  
(31,976)  
446,771  $ 

436,834  
(25,110)  
411,724  $ 

475,685 
(32,938) 
411,724 

$ 

$ 

Leverage 

4.8  

5.0  

4.2  

4.2 

1 - In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company initiated an organizational restructuring, which is anticipated to generate in excess of $6 million in year-
over-year cost savings and $10 million annualized.  Pro forma re-organizational savings has been provided as a conservative fiscal estimate that aligns to 
lender calculations. 
2 – Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations 
3 - Adjusted EBITDA for 2015 includes an adjustment of $11.9 million to include the earnings of Macduff which was acquired on October 3, 2015. 

4 - Debt as at December 31, 2017 has been adjusted to include USD $200 million forward foreign exchange contract at an average contracted rate of 
1.2844. (December 31, 2016 - USD $75 million cross-currency swap at contracted rates of 1.3235). 

5 - Debt is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $10.3 million (December 31, 2016 - $2.0 million; December 31, 2015 0 $2.3 million).  

54 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Free cash flows 

Free cash flow is not a recognized measure under IFRS, and therefore is unlikely to be comparable to 
similar measures presented by other companies.  Management believes that in addition to net earnings and 
cash  provided  by  operating  activities,  free  cash  flow  is  a  useful  supplemental  measure  from  which  to 
determine  Clearwater’s  ability  to  generate  cash  available  for  debt  service,  working  capital,  capital 
expenditures and distributions.  Free cash flow should not be construed as an alternative to net earnings 
determined in accordance with IFRS, as a measure of liquidity, or as a measure of cash flows.   

Free cash flow is defined as cash flows from operating activities, less planned capital expenditures (net of 
any borrowings of debt designated to fund such expenditures), scheduled payments on long term debt and 
distributions to non-controlling interests.  Items excluded from the free cash flow include discretionary 
items such as debt refinancing and repayments changes in the revolving loan and discretionary financing 
and investing activities. 

Reconciliation  for  the  13  weeks  ended  December  31,  2017  and  December  31,  2016,  and  year  ended 
December 31, 2017, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows: 

55 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA1 
Less: 
  Interest and bank charges 
  Current income tax expense 
  Other income and expense items 
  Operating cash flow before changes in working capital   

$ 

  Changes in working capitalA 
  Cash flows from operating activities 

Sources (uses) of cash: 

Purchase of property, plant, equipment, quota and other 
assets 

  Disposal of fixed assets 
  Less: Designated borrowingsB 
  Scheduled payments on long-term debtC 
  Payments on long-term incentive plans 
  Distribution to non-controlling interests 
  Dividends received from joint venture 
  Other financing activities 
  Non-routine costs 
Free cash flows1 

Add/(less): 
  Other debt borrowings (repayments) of debt, use of cashC 
  Issuance of equity 
  Payments on long-term incentive plans 
  Other investing activitiesD 
  Other financing activities 
Change in cash flows for the period 

13 weeks ended 
December 31 
2016  

2017   

Year Ended 
December 31 
2015 

2016   

2017   

28,490  $ 

29,460  $ 

108,596  $ 

120,937  $ 

109,732 

(7,426)  
(657)  
(12,458)  
7,949  

34,714  
42,663  

(6,778)  
(2,349)  
(4,899)  
15,434  

64,053  
79,487  

(28,204)  
(12,376)  
(12,932)  
55,084  

(24,776)  
(7,078)  
(9,496)  
79,587  

(19,006) 
(1,896) 
(1,590) 
87,240 

3,057  
58,141  

(16,547)  
63,040  

(18,746) 
68,494 

(25,350)  
2,400  
14,513  
(8,901)  
177  
(6,642)  
-  
-  
3,392  
22,252  $ 

(13,158)  
-  
5,703  
(10,259)  
-  
(5,097)  
-  
-  
684  
57,360  $ 

(24,574)  
-  
(177)  
259  
(5,159)  
(7,399) $ 

(42,003)  
(25)  
-  
(2,203)  
(6,696)  
6,433  $ 

(85,431)  
2,408  
39,206  
(11,948)  
1,618  
(19,154)  
3,340  
-  
3,392  
(8,428) $ 

27,792  
-  
(1,618)  
(5,832)  
(15,914)  

(4,000) $ 

(56,332)  
1,131  

25,883  
(15,215)  
5,670  
(24,560)  
-  
-  
1,885  
1,502  $ 

(63,390) 
4,584 

35,097 
(5,461) 
8,953 
(11,817) 
- 
676 
1,953 
39,089 

(37,566)  
53,024  
(5,670)  
(2,513)  
(20,369)  
(11,592) $ 

78,099 
58,628 
(8,953) 
(148,930) 
(14,425) 
3,508 

$ 

$ 

(1)  Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations. 
A – Changes in working capital have been restated to align with the change in presentation of cash interest and cash income taxes paid in the 
consolidated statement of cash flows.  This change had no impact on cash from operations. 
B – Designated borrowings relate to capital projects for which there is long-term financing and therefore they  will not be financed with 
operating cash flows.  For 2017 and 2016, the periods covered in this table includes the replacement of the Ocean Concord clam vessel.  For 
2015, the period covered in this table includes a conversion of a vessel for Argentina, the addition of a third clam vessel, a late life refit on a 
shrimp vessel and the conversion of a new research vessel. For the purpose of free cash flow calculations the amount invested (up to the total 
amount of the related financing) during the period on these projects is backed out of the calculation of free cash flows irrespective of the 
timing of the related borrowing. 
C – Scheduled payments on long-term debt has been updated to include the Deferred Consideration payment made in Q4 2017 of $8.9 million 
(Q4 2016 of $8.7 million) and the Earnout payment in Q2 2017 of $1.3 million. 
D - Other investing activities for 2015 includes $151.1 million for the acquisition of Macduff, less cash acquired in the acquisition of $9.1 
million. 

56 | P a g e  

 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on Assets 

Return on assets is not a recognized measure under IFRS, and therefore is unlikely to be comparable to 
similar measures presented by other companies.  Management believes that return on assets measures the 
efficiency of the use of total assets to generate income.  Return on assets should not be construed as an 
alternative to net earnings determined in accordance with IFRS. 

Return on assets is defined as the ratio of rolling 12 month adjusted earnings before interest and taxes 
(“EBIT”) to average total quarterly assets including all working capital assets. 

The calculation of adjusted earnings before interest and taxes to total assets for the rolling twelve months 
ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows: 

In (000's) of Canadian dollars 

Adjusted EBITDA1 

Depreciation and amortization 
Adjusted earnings before interest and taxes 

December 31 
2017  

  December 31 
2016  

  December 31 
2015 

$ 

108,596 

$ 

120,937 

$ 

109,734 

45,428  
63,168  

38,634  
82,303  

29,732 
80,002 

Average quarterly total assets 

$ 

775,783 

$ 

746,774 

$ 

581,253 

(1) Refer to discussion on non-IFRS measures, definitions and reconciliations. 

8.1%  

11.0%  

13.8% 

57 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated 
Management’s Statement of Responsibility for Financial Reporting 

The consolidated financial statements and all related financial information contained in the annual report, 
including Management’s Discussion and Analysis, are the responsibility of the Management of Clearwater 
Seafoods  Incorporated.    The  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, using management's best estimates and judgments, where appropriate.  

Management  is  responsible  for  the  reliability  and  integrity  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  
notes  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  and  other  financial  information  contained  in  the  annual 
report.  In  the  preparation  of  these  statements,  estimates  are  sometimes  necessary  because  a  precise 
determination of certain assets and liabilities is dependent on future events. Management believes such 
estimates have been based on careful judgments and have been properly reflected in the accompanying 
consolidated financial statements.  

Management  is  also  responsible  for  maintaining  a  system  of  internal  control  designed  to  provide  
reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that accounting systems provide timely, accurate 
and reliable financial information.  

The Board of Directors of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated is responsible for ensuring that management 
fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Board is assisted in exercising its 
responsibilities  through  the  Audit  Committee  of  the  Board,  which  is  composed  of  non-management 
directors.  The  Committee  meets  periodically  with  management  and  the  auditors  to  satisfy  itself  that 
management's responsibilities are properly discharged, to review the consolidated financial statements and 
to recommend approval of the consolidated financial statements to the Board.  

KPMG  LLP,  the  independent  auditors  appointed  by  the  Board,  have  audited  Clearwater  Seafoods 
Incorporated’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards 
and their report follows. The independent auditors have full and unrestricted access to the Audit Committee 
to discuss their audit and their related findings.  

March 6, 2018 

Ian Smith 
Chief Executive Officer   

Teresa Fortney 
 Vice-President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer 

58 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
KPMG LLP 
Suite 1500 Purdy’s Wharf Tower I 
1959 Upper Water Street 
Halifax NS  B3J 3N2 
Canada 

Telephone (902) 492-6000 
Telefax (902) 492-1307 
www.kpmg.ca 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 

To the Shareholders of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Clearwater  Seafoods 
Incorporated, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2017 
and December 31, 2016, the consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income, changes 
in  equity  and  cash  flows  for  the  years  then  ended,  and  notes,  comprising  a  summary  of  significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information. 

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  these  consolidated  financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as 
management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditors’ Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. 
We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards.  Those 
standards  require  that  we  comply  with  ethical  requirements  and  plan  and  perform  the  audit  to  obtain 
reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  are  free  from  material 
misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the 
consolidated  financial  statements.  The  procedures  selected  depend  on  our  judgement,  including  the 
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to 
fraud  or  error.  In  making  those  risk  assessments,  we  consider  internal  control  relevant  to  the  entity’s 
preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  order  to  design  audit 
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on 
the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of 
accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well 
as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
audit opinion. 

Opinion 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated 
financial position of Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 
and  its  consolidated  financial  performance  and  its  consolidated  cash  flows  for  the  years  then  ended  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants 
March 6, 2018 
Halifax, Canada 

KPMG LLP is a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent 
member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. KPMG Canada 
provides services to KPMG LLP 

 
 
CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 
 (In thousands of Canadian dollars) 
As at December 31 

2017 

2016 

ASSETS 
Current assets 
  Cash 
  Trade and other receivables (Note 4) 

Inventories (Note 5) 

  Prepaids and other (Note 6) 
  Derivative financial instruments (Note 7) 

Non-current assets 
  Long-term receivables (Note 8) 
  Derivative financial instruments (Note 7) 
  Other assets  
  Property, plant and equipment (Note 9) 
Investment in equity investee (Note 11) 

  Deferred tax assets (Note 12(c)) 
Intangible assets (Note 10) 

  Goodwill (Note 10) 

TOTAL ASSETS 

LIABILITIES  
Current liabilities 
  Trade and other payables 

Income taxes payable (Note 12) 

  Current portion of long-term debt (Note 13) 
  Derivative financial instruments (Note 7) 

Non-current liabilities  
  Long-term debt (Note 13) 
  Derivative financial instruments (Note 7) 
  Other long-term liabilities 
  Deferred tax liabilities (Note 12(c)) 

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 
  Share capital (Note 14) 
  Contributed surplus 
  Retained earnings (deficit) 
  Accumulated comprehensive loss ("ACL") 

  Non-controlling interest (Note 15) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY  

$ 

Subsequent events (Note 27) 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

35,514 
103,096 
79,124 
4,781 
5,797 
228,312 

5,077 
141 
102 
272,071 
9,817 
11,349 
193,815 
50,196 
542,568 
770,880 

80,411 
7,182 
21,025 
1,978 

110,596 

452,148 
7,142 
616 
17,840 

477,746 

210,860 
3,021 
(8,722) 
(39,730) 
165,429 
17,109 
182,538 
770,880 

 $ 

 $ 

39,514 
82,108 
91,831 
5,414 
4,637 
223,504 

8,132 
184 
81 
233,807 
10,496 
6,429 
197,321 
49,781 
506,231 
729,735 

75,953 
4,303 
67,005 
1,356 

148,617 

369,409 
4,284 
887 
18,053 

392,633 

210,860 
1,419 
(4,793) 
(38,931) 
168,555 
19,930 
188,485 
729,735 

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

Approved by the Board: 

John Risley 
Director 

Colin MacDonald 
Chairman 

60 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 
Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 
Year ended December 31 

Sales 
Cost of goods sold 

Operating expenses (Note 16) 
     Administrative and selling costs 
     Restructuring costs 
Net finance costs (Note 13 (f)) 

Foreign exchange (gains) losses on long-term debt and working capital (Note 7 (d)) 
(Gains) losses on contract derivatives (Note 7 (e)) 
Other (income) expense (Note 17) 
Research and development  

Earnings (loss) before income taxes 

Income tax expense  (Note 12) 

Earnings (loss) for the year 

Earnings (loss) attributable to: 
  Non-controlling interest (Note 15) 
  Shareholders of Clearwater 

2017   

2016 

$ 

621,031 
  510,963 
  110,068 

  $ 

611,551 
  466,930 
  144,621 

55,551 
6,856 
35,280 

(14,263)   
(4,045)   
(7,576)   
2,368 
74,171 

57,506 
986 
26,948 

(7,295) 
(7,279) 
(5,209) 
2,922 
68,579 

35,897 

76,042 

7,658 

16,446 

$ 

28,239 

  $ 

59,596 

$ 

$ 

12,480    $ 
15,759 
28,239 

  $ 

15,668 
43,928 
59,596 

Basic earnings (loss) per share (Note 19) 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (Note 19) 

$ 
$ 
See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

0.25    $ 
0.25    $ 

0.71 
0.71 

61 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 
Year ended December 31 

Earnings (loss) for the year 

Comprehensive income (loss)  -  
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income (loss): 
  Foreign currency translation differences of foreign operations 
  Cash flow hedges - effective portion of change in fair value, net of tax 
  Cash flow hedges - reclassified to earnings, net of tax 

2017   

2016 

$ 

28,239    $ 

59,596 

255   
(1,238)   
49   
(934)   

(37,154) 
- 
- 
(37,154) 

Comprehensive income (loss) for the year 

$ 

27,305    $ 

22,442 

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to: 

Non-controlling interest (Note 15) 
Shareholders of Clearwater 

$ 

$ 

12,077    $ 
15,228   
27,305    $ 

15,820 
6,622 
22,442 

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

62 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 

Accumulated Comprehensive 
Loss 

Common   Contributed 

Cash 

flow 

Cumulative  

Retained 

Non- 

translation 

earnings 

controlling  

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 

Balance at January 1, 2016 

shares 

surplus 

hedge 

adjustment 

(deficit) 

interest 

Total  

$ 

157,161  $ 

547 

$ 

-  $ 

(1,625)  $ 

(36,333)  $ 

29,325  $ 

149,075 

Comprehensive (loss) income for the year 

- 

Transactions recorded directly in equity 

Issuance of common shares (Note 14) 

53,699 

  Share-based compensation (Note 20) 

  Distributions to non-controlling interest 

  Dividends declared on common shares (Note 14) 

Total transactions with owners 

- 

- 

- 

53,699 

- 

- 

872 

- 

- 

872 

(37,306) 

43,928 

15,820 

22,442 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(12,388) 

(12,388) 

- 

- 

(25,215) 

(25,215) 

53,699 

872 

(25,215) 

(12,388) 

16,968 

Balance at December 31, 2016 

$ 

210,860  $ 

1,419  $ 

  $ 

(38,931)  $ 

(4,793)  $ 

19,930  $ 

188,485 

Comprehensive income (loss) for the year 

Transactions recorded directly in equity 

  Share-based compensation (Note 20) 

  Distributions to non-controlling interest 

  Dividends declared on common shares (Note 14) 

  Acquisition of non-controlling interest (Note 15) 

Total transactions with owners 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,189) 

658 

15,759 

12,077 

27,305 

1,602 

- 

- 

1,602 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(268) 

(268) 

- 

- 

(12,787) 

(6,901) 

(19,688) 

- 

(15,343) 

- 

445 

1,602 

(15,343) 

(12,787) 

(6,724) 

(14,898) 

(33,252) 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

210,860  $ 

3,021  $ 

(1,189)  $ 

(38,541)  $ 

(8,722)  $ 

17,109  $ 

182,538 

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

63 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars) 
Year ended December 31 

Operating 

  Earnings (loss) for the year 
  Adjustments for: 
    Depreciation and amortization 
    Accretion on long-term debt(Note 13 (e)) 
    Amortization of deferred financing costs(Note 13 (e)) 
    Net unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses on financial assets and liabilities 
    Loss on debt refinancing 
    Fair value adjustments to financial instruments 
    Deferred tax expense (recovery)(Note 12) 
    Share-based compensation 
    (Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment and other assets 
    (Earnings) loss in equity investee (Note 11) 
    Foreign exchange and other 
Cash from operating activities before changes in working capital 
  Change in operating working capital (Note 25) 
Cash from (used in) operating activities 

Financing 

  Repayment of long-term debt(Note 13) 
  Net proceeds from long-term debt 
  Net proceeds from common share issuance(Note 14) 
  Net proceeds from revolving credit facility 
  Settlement of derivative contracts on refinancing 
  Distributions paid to non-controlling interest 
  Repayments from (advances to) minority partners 
  Dividends paid on common shares(Note 9) 
Cash from (used in) financing activities 

Investing 

  Purchase of property, plant and equipment, and other 
  Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
  Dividends received from equity investee(Note 11) 
  Acquisition of non-controlling interest(Note 15) 
  Purchase of other assets 
  Net advances in long-term receivables 
Cash from (used in) investing activities 

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH 
CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 
CASH, END OF PERIOD 

Supplemental disclosure of operating cash flows 
Cash interest paid 
Cash income taxes paid 

See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements 

2017   

2016 

  $ 

28,239   $ 

59,596 

45,428  
2,166  
1,555  
(14,156)  
3,787  
(694)  
(4,717)  
232  
(216)  
(2,656)  
(3,884)  
55,084   
3,057  
58,141   $ 

(425,949)  
364,916  
-  
116,082  
(4,209)  
(19,154)  
3,766  
(12,787)  
22,665   $ 

(85,431)  
2,407  
3,340  
(6,724)  
(44)  
936  
(85,516)   $ 

710   $ 

(4,000)    
39,514  
35,514   $ 

38,634 
3,556 
2,113 
(30,881) 
- 
(1,481) 
9,367 
2,902 
2 
(1,185) 
(3,036) 
79,587 
(16,547) 
63,040 

(33,899) 
- 
53,024 
7,000 
- 
(24,560) 
(1,843) 
(12,388) 
(12,666) 

(56,332) 
8,624 
- 
- 
(7,692) 
(473) 
(55,873) 

(6,093) 
(11,592) 
51,106 
39,514 

(25,518)  
(9,447)  

(26,434) 
(2,538) 

64 | P a g e  

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
  
   
 
 
  
 
  
   
 
 
  
 
  
1.   DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS  

Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated (“Clearwater” or the “Company”) was incorporated on July 7, 2011 and 
is domiciled at 757 Bedford Highway, Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada. 

Clearwater’s sole investment is the ownership of 100% of the partnership units of Clearwater Seafoods 
Limited Partnership (“CSLP”), which holds the underlying investments in subsidiaries and a joint venture. 

The consolidated financial statements of Clearwater as at and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 
2016  comprise  the  Company,  its  subsidiaries  and  a  joint  venture  (see  Note  22).  Clearwater’s  business 
includes the ownership and operation of assets and property in connection with the harvesting, processing, 
distribution and marketing of seafood. 

2.   BASIS OF PREPARATION 

(a)  Statement of Compliance 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. 

The financial statements were authorized for issue by Clearwater’s Board of Directors on March 6, 2018. 

(b)  Basis of Measurement 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis  except  for  the 
following material items measured at fair value through profit or loss: 

•  Derivative financial instruments  
•  Embedded derivative liability within long-term debt 
•  Earnout liability entered into as part of a business combination 
•  Liabilities for cash settled share-based compensation arrangements 

The fair value measurements have been described in the notes. 

(c)  Functional and presentation currency 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the functional currency 
of Clearwater and its Canadian subsidiaries. Clearwater’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom has a functional 
currency of Pounds Sterling and the Argentine operations have a functional currency of Argentine Peso.  
All tabular financial information presented in Canadian dollars has been rounded to the nearest thousand 
except per share amounts, and as otherwise noted. 

65 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(d)  Critical judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies 

The  preparation  of  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates,  judgments  and 
assumptions  that  materially  affect  the  amounts  reported  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and 
accompanying notes. Management bases assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, 
current trends and events, and all available information that management believes is relevant at the time it 
prepares the financial statements. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. 

The  following  are  the  accounting  policies  that  are  subject  to  judgments  and  estimates  that  Clearwater 
believes could have the most significant impact on the reported results and financial position. 

The information in this note is grouped by accounting policy to include:  

•  Key sources of estimation uncertainty 
• 

Judgments  management  made  in  the  process  of  applying  Clearwater’s  accounting  policies 
(where applicable) 

i. 

Income taxes 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty  

Accounting  for  income  taxes  is  based  upon  evaluation  of  income  tax  rules  in  all  jurisdictions  where 
Clearwater operates. In determining the provision for current and deferred income taxes, Clearwater makes 
assumptions about temporary and permanent differences between accounting and taxable income. Changes 
in tax law and the level and geographical mix of earnings will impact the effective tax rate. With respect to 
deferred  taxes,  Clearwater  makes  assumptions  about  when  deferred  tax  assets  are  likely  to  reverse,  the 
extent  to  which  it  is  probable  that  temporary  differences  will  reverse  and  whether  or  not  there  will  be 
sufficient  taxable  profits  available  to  offset  the  tax  assets  when  they  do  reverse.  Clearwater  recognizes 
deferred tax assets only to the extent that it considers it probable that those assets will be recoverable.  

Judgments made in relation to accounting policies applied  

Clearwater makes judgments about whether to recognize the benefit of deferred tax assets. In making this 
judgment  Clearwater  continually  evaluates  the  magnitude  and  duration  of  any  past  losses,  current 
profitability and whether it is sustainable, and earnings forecasts.  

For further discussion on deferred income taxes refer to Note 12. 

ii.  Goodwill and intangible assets 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty 

Clearwater conducts impairment testing on its goodwill and intangible assets annually and whenever events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.  To better align with 
Clearwater’s internal budgeting cycle, the date as of which annual testing is performed was changed from 
the third quarter to the fourth quarter, beginning in 2017.  

66 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clearwater  determines  the  fair  value  of  each  cash-generating  unit  (“CGU”)  to  which  goodwill  and 
intangible assets are allocated using the value in use method, which estimates fair value using a discounted 
five-year forecasted cash flow estimate with a terminal value.  The determination of the recoverable amount 
involves estimates and assumptions of future sales, product margins, market conditions, allowable catch 
rates, and appropriate discount rates. 

Judgments made in relation to accounting policies applied  

In  performing  its  impairment  testing,  Clearwater  makes  judgments  in  determining  its  CGUs,  and  the 
allocation of working capital assets and liabilities and corporate assets to these CGUs.  

For further discussion on goodwill and intangible assets, refer to Note 10.  

iii. 

Share-based compensation 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty 

Clearwater determines compensation expense for share-based compensation using market-based valuation 
techniques. Clearwater determines the fair value of the market-based and performance-based non-vested 
share awards at the date of grant using Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation valuation models. Certain 
performance-based  share  awards  require  Clearwater  to  make  estimates  of  the  likelihood  of  achieving 
company and corporate peer group performance goals. 

Clearwater makes assumptions in applying valuation techniques including estimating the future volatility 
of the stock price, expected dividend yield, future employee turnover rates and corporate performance.  

For further discussion on share-based compensation, refer to Note 20.  

iv.  Derivative financial instruments 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty  

Clearwater records the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities using valuation techniques where 
the fair value cannot be observed in active markets. 

The inputs used in the fair value models contain inherent uncertainties, estimates and use of judgment. Fair 
value is taken from observable markets where possible and estimated as necessary. Assumptions underlying 
the valuations require estimation of discount rates, inflation rates, defaults and other relevant variables such 
as foreign exchange volatility. 

For further discussion on derivative financial instruments, refer to Note 7. 

v. 

Earnout liability 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty 

Clearwater determines the fair value measurement of the Earnout liability based on significant inputs not 
observable in the market. 

67 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The inputs used in the fair value model contain inherent uncertainties, estimates and use of judgment. Inputs 
are  taken  from  observable  markets  where  possible  and  estimated  as  necessary.  Assumptions  include 
forecasted earnings and probability assessments. 

For further discussion on the fair value measurement of the Earnout liability, refer to Note 7(l). 

3.   SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The principal accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in 
these consolidated financial statements.  

(a)  Basis of consolidation 

i)  Business Combinations and Goodwill 

Clearwater measures goodwill as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, the amount 
of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, less the net recognized amount (generally fair value) of the 
identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, all measured as of the acquisition date. When the excess 
is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in consolidated earnings (loss). 

Goodwill is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is not amortized 
and is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and as required if events occur that indicate that 
its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the cash generating unit 
(“CGU”)  group  level  by  comparing  the  carrying  amount  to  its  recoverable  amount,  consistent  with  the 
methodology outlined in Note 3 (h). 

Clearwater elects on a transaction-by-transaction basis whether to measure non-controlling interest at its 
fair  value,  or  at  its  proportionate  share  of  the  recognized  amount  of  the  identifiable  net  assets,  at  the 
acquisition date. 

Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes 
in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in consolidated earnings (loss). 

When the initial accounting for a business combination has not been finalized by the end of the reporting 
period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which 
the accounting has not been finalized.  These provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement 
period,  which  does  not  exceed  one  year  from  the  acquisition  date,  or  additional  assets  or  liabilities  are 
recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition 
date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. 

Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that Clearwater 
incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred and included in other (income) 
expense in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss).  

ii)  Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by Clearwater.  The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in 
the  consolidated  financial  statements  from  the  date  that  control  commences  until  the  date  that  control 
ceases.   

68 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iii)  Joint venture 

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have 
rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control 
of  an  arrangement,  which  exists  only  when  decisions  about  the  relevant  activities  require  unanimous 
consent  of  the  parties  sharing  control.  The  results  and  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  joint  venture  are 
incorporated into these consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. Under the 
equity method, a joint venture is initially recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position at 
cost  and  adjusted  thereafter  to  recognize  Clearwater’s  share  of  net  earnings  (loss)  and  comprehensive 
income (loss) of the joint venture.  

iv)  Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.  
Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no 
evidence of impairment. 

(b)  Inventories  

Inventories consist primarily of raw materials and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost and net 
realizable  value.    Cost  includes  the  cost  of  materials  plus  direct  labour  applied  to  the  product  and  the 
applicable  share  of  manufacturing  overheads,  administration  and  depreciation,  determined  on  a  first-in, 
first-out basis.  Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the 
estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. 

(c)  Property, plant and equipment  

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  measured  at  cost,  less  government  assistance  received,  accumulated 
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable 
to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct 
labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended 
use and location, and borrowing costs.  

Additions  are  depreciated  commencing  in  the  month  that  they  are  available  for  use.  Vessel  refits  are 
capitalized when incurred and amortized over the period between scheduled refits. Construction in progress 
assets  are  capitalized  during  the  construction  period  and  depreciation  commences  when  the  asset  is 
available for use.  

Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis to depreciate the cost of each of the components of an 
item of property, plant and equipment over its estimated useful life. When parts of an item of property, 
plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  they  are  accounted  for  as  separate  items  (major 
components). Estimated useful lives are the following: 

Asset Component 
Buildings and wharves 
Plant and equipment 
Vessels 
Vessels equipment 

Rate 
10 to 50 years   
5 to 15 years 
15 to 25 years   
1 to 10 years 

69 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cost of replacing a part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount 
of  the  item  if  it  is  probable  that  the  future  economic  benefits  embodied  within  the  part  will  flow  to 
Clearwater and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. 
The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in net earnings (loss) 
as incurred. 

Gains and losses on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference 
between the proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item, and are recognized net within 
administrative and selling costs in profit or loss. 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year end and changes 
to estimates are adjusted prospectively.  

(d)  Intangible Assets 

Intangible  assets  include  licenses,  brand  names,  fishing  rights  and  computer  software.  Definite  life 
intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and any net accumulated impairment 
losses. Amortization is recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) on a straight-line basis 
over their estimated useful lives as follows: 

Intangible Asset 
Fishing rights 
Computer software 

Rate 
10 to 15 years   
3 to 8 years 

i) 

 Licenses, brand names and fishing rights 

Licenses and brand names represent intangible assets acquired directly or in a business combination that 
meet the specified criteria for recognition apart from goodwill and are recorded at their fair values at the 
date of acquisition and are subsequently carried at cost. 

Indefinite life intangible assets, including licenses and brand names, are not amortized and are tested for 
impairment annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the asset may be impaired.  

Fishing rights arise from contractual rights to fish quotas; they have definite lives and are amortized over 
the term of the related operating agreement. 

ii)  Computer software 

Computer software represents intangible assets developed during the enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) 
system conversion including all costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition 
necessary for its intended use.  The computer software has a definite life and is amortized over the estimated 
useful life. 

70 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(e)  Revenue recognition  

Clearwater sells seafood in a fresh or frozen state to customers.  These sales are evidenced by purchase 
orders or invoices, which set out the terms of the sale, including pricing and shipping terms.  Revenue is 
recognized when persuasive evidence exists that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been 
transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible 
return of the goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing managerial involvement with the goods, 
and  the  amount  of  revenue  can  be  measured  reliably.    Revenue  is  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the 
consideration received or receivable, net of allowance for returns and discounts. 

(f)   Government assistance 

Government assistance received by Clearwater relates to items of property, plant and equipment or research 
and development expenses. 

Government assistance related to property, plant and equipment is deducted from the carrying amount of 
the related asset and amortized over the same estimated useful life of the asset to which it relates.   

Government assistance related to expenses are presented in Other (income) expense. 

Clearwater does not have any government assistance that is required to be repaid, nor any forgivable loans. 

(g)  Financial instruments 

Clearwater has the following non-derivative and derivative financial assets and liabilities that are classified 
into the following categories: 

Financial instrument 
Cash 
Trade and other receivables 
Long-term receivables 
Trade and other payables 

Category 
Fair value through profit or loss 
Loans and receivables 
Loans and receivables 
Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Long-term debt 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Measurement Method  
Fair value 

Initial: Fair Value 
Subsequent: Amortized 
cost through profit or 
loss 

Earnout liability 
Derivative financial instruments 
Derivative financial instruments  Derivative financial instruments 

Fair value 

Loans and receivables 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market.  Loans and receivables are initially recognized at their fair values, plus any 
attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest 
rate method, with gains and losses recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.   

71 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From time-to-time, Clearwater enters into transactions to sell selected accounts receivables to a commercial 
partner without recourse. The amount of receivables sold is recorded as a sale of financial asset and balances 
are  removed  from  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position  at  the  time  of  sale.    The  difference 
between the carrying amount and the proceeds on sale of receivables is recorded in net finance costs in the 
consolidated statement of earnings (loss). Sale of receivables during the year represent less than 5 percent 
of consolidated sales. 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Non-derivative financial liabilities are debt securities and subordinated liabilities that are initially measured 
at fair value, plus attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost, with gains 
and losses recognized in net earnings (loss) in the period in which they arise.   

Derivative financial instruments  

Clearwater  enters  into  a  variety  of  derivative  financial  instruments  to  manage  its  exposure  to  foreign 
exchange and interest rate risks, including foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps, caps, 
and floors.  

Embedded derivatives are contained in non-derivative host contracts and are treated as separate derivatives 
when they meet the definition of a derivative, and their risks and characteristics are not closely related to 
those of the host contracts.  

The Earnout liability is unsecured additional consideration to be paid dependent upon the future financial 
performance  of  Macduff  Shellfish  Company  Limited  (“MacDuff”),  a  subsidiary  of  Clearwater  and  the 
percentage of Deferred Obligation remaining unpaid at the time of payment. Refer to Note 13 for further 
information. 

Derivative financial instruments and embedded derivatives are recorded at fair value with changes in fair 
value recorded in consolidated earnings (loss). 

(h)  Impairment 

i)  Financial assets  

Financial assets are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence of 
impairment. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event occurred after the 
initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash 
flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably. Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired can 
include default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to Clearwater on terms that 
Clearwater would not consider otherwise or indications that a debtor will enter bankruptcy.  

Clearwater considers evidence of impairment for receivables on a specific customer basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortized cost is calculated as the difference 
between its  carrying  amount and the  present  value  of  the  estimated future  cash flows  discounted  at the 
asset’s original effective interest rate. Losses are recognized in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance 
account against receivables. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, 
the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.  

72 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ii)  Non-financial assets 

Clearwater reviews non-financial assets at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication 
of impairment.  If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. In addition, 
for goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives an annual impairment test is performed. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use (“VIU”) and its fair value less 
costs of disposal. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present 
value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and 
the risks specific to the asset.  

For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into 
the smallest group of assets that generate cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of 
the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets or CGU. Goodwill and the intangible assets acquired in 
a business combination are allocated to the CGU, or the group of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from 
the synergies of the combination. This allocation is subject to an operating segment ceiling test and reflects 
the lowest level at which that asset is monitored for internal reporting purposes. 

An  impairment  loss  is  recognized  if  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or  its  CGU  exceeds  its  estimated 
recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.  Impairment losses recognized in 
respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGUs, 
and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, impairment losses 
recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased 
or  no  longer  exists.  An  impairment  loss  is  reversed  if  there  has  been  a  change  in  the  estimates  and 
assumptions used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent 
that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net 
of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized. 

(i)  Translation of foreign currency  

i)  Foreign currency transactions 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currency of the Company 
and  its’  subsidiaries  at  the  exchange  rate  at  the  date of  the transactions.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the Company’s functional currency at the exchange 
rate as at the reporting date.  

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using 
the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. 

73 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ii)  Foreign operations 

The  assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  operations  with  a  functional  currency  different  from  Clearwater’s 
presentation  currency,  including  goodwill,  other  intangible  assets  and  fair  value  adjustments  arising  on 
acquisition, are translated into Canadian dollars at exchange rates at the reporting date. Foreign currency 
differences  resulting  from  this  translation  are  recognized  in  comprehensive  income  in  the  cumulative 
translation adjustment account. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to Canadian 
dollars at average exchange rates. 

When  a  foreign  operation  is  disposed  of,  all  relevant  amounts  in  the  cumulative  translation  adjustment 
account are transferred to profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal. On the partial disposal of a 
subsidiary  that  does  not  result  in  loss  of  control  the  relevant  proportion  of  such  cumulative  translation 
adjustment account is reattributed to non-controlling interest and not recognized in profit or loss. 

(j)   Income taxes 

Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred income tax.  Current tax and deferred income tax 
are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to a business combination, or items 
recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income or loss for the period, using tax rates enacted 
or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous 
years.  Taxable earnings differs from earnings as reported in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) 
because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in years other than the current reporting 
period or items that are never taxable or deductible. 

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not 
recognized for the temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and joint venture to the 
extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future. In addition, deferred tax is not 
recognized for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred tax is 
measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based 
on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and 
liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they 
relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, 
but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will 
be realized simultaneously. 

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, and deductible temporary differences, to the extent 
that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which it can be utilized. Deferred tax 
assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the 
related tax benefit will be realized. 

(k)  Borrowing costs 

Clearwater  capitalizes  borrowing  costs  attributable  to  the  acquisition,  or  construction  of  its  qualifying 
assets, which are assets that take a substantial period of time to ready for their intended use, as they are 
being  constructed.  Other  borrowing  costs are  recognized  as  an  expense in the period in  which they  are 
incurred. 

74 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(l)  Finance costs 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, gains and losses on financial instruments that are 
recognized  in  profit  or  loss,  accretion  on  deferred  consideration  and  refinancing  and  settlement  fees.  
Borrowing costs determined to be period costs, or the amortization of such costs are recorded through profit 
or loss. 

(m)  Share-based compensation 

Clearwater has three share-based compensation plans including share appreciation rights, deferred share 
units and performance share units (“PSU”).  Refer to Note 20 for a description of the plans.  

On May 12, 2015, Clearwater amended the terms of the PSU plan.  Under the original terms of the PSU 
plan, vested units were to be settled in cash at the end of the performance period.  Under the amended terms 
of the PSU plan, vested units are to be settled in cash or shares or by a combination thereof as determined 
by the company. Grants settled in 2017 have been cash-settled, and all future grants under the PSU plan 
will be settled by the issuance of shares. 

Cash-settled  PSU  awards  are  recorded  as  liabilities  at  fair  market  value  at  each  reporting  period  with 
changes in fair value recorded to profit and loss. Equity-settled PSU awards are measured at fair market 
value  on  the  grant  date  of the  awards. The  fair  value  of  the  PSU’s  are  calculated  using  a  Monte  Carlo 
simulation  model.  Compensation  expense  is  recognized  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  awards  that  are 
expected  to  vest  and  remain  outstanding  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period.  Clearwater  estimates  the 
expected forfeiture rate for each plan and adjusts for actual forfeitures in the period. 

The  share-based  compensation  liability  related  to  cash-settled  PSU’s  was  recorded  in  trade  and  other 
payables in the consolidated statement of financial position. The cumulative compensation expense related 
to the equity-settled PSU’s is recorded as contributed surplus in equity. The related compensation expense 
for  both  cash-settled  and  equity-settled  PSU’s  is  recorded  in  administrative  and  selling  costs  in  the 
consolidated statement of earnings (loss) over the vesting period. 

(n)  Earnings (loss) per share 

Basic  earnings  (loss)  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  earnings  (loss)  for  the  year  attributable  to  the 
shareholders of Clearwater by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. 

Diluted earnings (loss) per share  is calculated by dividing earnings (loss) for the year attributable to the 
shareholders of Clearwater, adjusted for the change in the fair market value of the cash-settled PSU’s, by 
the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the voting rights attributable to the PSU’s 
outstanding  during  the  year.    The  calculation  of  the  potential  dilutive  common  shares  assumes  all 
outstanding PSU’s are contingently issuable shares.  

     (o)  Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 

Clearwater  has  adopted  the  following  new  and  revised  standards,  along  with  any  consequential 
amendments,  effective  January  1,  2017.  These  changes  were  made  in  accordance  with  the  applicable 
transitional provisions.  

75 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to IAS 7) 

On January 7, 2016 the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) issued Disclosure Initiative 
(Amendments to IAS 7). The amendments require disclosures that enable users of financial statements to 
evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash 
flow and non-cash changes. One way to meet this new disclosure requirement is to provide a reconciliation 
between the opening and closing balances for liabilities from financing activities. 

The Company adopted the amendments to IAS 7 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning 
on  January  1,  2017.  To  meet  the  disclosure  requirement,  the  company  provided  a  reconciliation  of  the 
opening and closing balances of liabilities arising from financing activities in Note 25. 

Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealized Losses (Amendments to IAS 12) 

The  amendments  clarify  that  the  existence  of  a  deductible  temporary  difference  depends  solely  on  a 
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset and its tax base at the end of the reporting period, and is not 
affected by possible future changes in the carrying amount or expected manner of recovery of the asset. 
The amendments also clarify the methodology to determine the future taxable profits used for assessing the 
utilization of deductible temporary differences. 

The Company adopted the amendments to IAS 12 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning 
on January 1, 2017. These amendments had no impact to Clearwater.  

     (p)   New accounting standards not yet adopted 

The IASB has issued the following standards that have not been applied in preparing these consolidated 
financial statements as their effective dates fall within annual periods beginning subsequent to the current 
reporting period. 

Effective January 1, 2018 

  IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers  

The  standard  contains  a  single  model  that  applies  to  contracts  with  customers  and  two  approaches  to 
recognizing revenue: at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract-based five-step analysis 
of  transactions  to  determine  whether,  how  much  and  when  revenue  is  recognized.    New  estimates  and 
judgmental  thresholds  have  been  introduced,  which  may  affect  the  amount  and/or  timing  of  revenue 
recognized.  

The Company will adopt IFRS 15 for the annual period beginning on January 1, 2018. The Company has 
elected to apply the modified retrospective method on transition which means that comparative periods will 
not be restated, instead the cumulative impact will be recognized in opening retained earnings on transition, 
January 1, 2018. Based on Clearwater’s analysis of its existing contracts and arrangements, Clearwater is 
not expected to be materially impacted by the new standard.    

Under the new standard, the Company is required to disclose information related to the disaggregation of 
revenues, performance obligations, significant judgements, contract balances and costs to obtain contracts.  
The  additional  disclosures  are  not  expected  to  have  a  significant  impact  to  Clearwater’s  information 
gathering processes or systems. 

76 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments 

IFRS 9 introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets. Under IFRS 
9, financial assets are classified and measured based on the business model in which they are held and the 
characteristics  of  their  contractual  cash  flows.  The  standard  introduces  additional  changes  relating  to 
financial liabilities and amends the impairment model by introducing a new ‘expected credit loss’ model 
for calculating impairment. IFRS 9 also includes a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns 
hedge accounting more closely with risk management. This new standard does not fundamentally change 
the types of hedging relationships or the requirement to measure and recognize ineffectiveness; however it 
will permit more hedging strategies that are used for risk management to qualify for hedge accounting and 
introduce  more  judgment  to  assess  the  effectiveness  of  a  hedging  relationship.  Special  transitional 
requirements have been set for the application of the new general hedging model.  

The Company is required to adopt IFRS 9 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on 
January  1,  2018.  Based  on  Clearwater’s analysis  of  its  existing  financial  instruments,  Clearwater  is  not 
materially impacted by the new standard.  Changes related to general hedge accounting will not have a 
significant impact to Clearwater. 

IFRIC 22 - Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration  

On  December  6,  2016,  the  IASB  issued  IFRIC  22,  Foreign  Currency  Transactions  and  Advance 
Consideration which clarifies the date of the transaction, for the purpose of determining the exchange rate 
to  use  on  initial  recognition  of the  related  asset,  expense  or income,  is  the  date on  which  an  entity  has 
received or paid advance consideration.   

The Company will adopt IFRIC 22 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on January 
1, 2018.  This standard is not expected to have a material impact to Clearwater. 

IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment 

In June 2016, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 2 Share-Based Payment. The amendments provide 
clarification on how to account for certain types of share-based payment transactions.  

The Company will adopt the amendments to IFRS 2 in its consolidated financial statements for the annual 
period beginning January 1, 2018. The amendments do not have a material impact to Clearwater based on 
existing share-based payment transactions. 

Effective January 1, 2019 

IFRS 16 Leases 

On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16 Leases. This standard introduces a single lessee accounting 
model and requires a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 
months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset 
representing its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make 
lease payments. This standard substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements of IAS 17, 
while requiring enhanced disclosures to be provided by lessors. Other areas of the lease accounting model 
have been impacted, including the definition of a lease. Transitional provisions have been provided.  

77 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Company is required to adopt IFRS 16 in its financial statements for the annual period beginning on 
January  1,  2019.  Clearwater  expects  to  see  an  impact  as  a  result  of  the  new  lease  standard  on  its  key 
performance measures, including earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization. The extent of 
the impact of adoption of the standard has not yet been determined and quantified.  Clearwater expects to 
have completed its analysis by the third quarter of 2018. 

No Effective Date 

 IFRS 10 - Transfer of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture (amendment) 

On  September  11,  2014,  the  IASB  issued  Sale  or  Contribution  of  Assets  between  an  Investor  and  its 
Associate or Joint Venture (Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28). The amendments were to be applied 
prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016, however, on December 17, 2015 
the IASB decided to defer the effective date for these amendments indefinitely. The amendments address 
an acknowledged inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those in IAS 28, in dealing with 
the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture.  Specifically, under 
the existing consolidation standard the parent recognizes the full gain on the loss of control, whereas under 
the existing guidance on associates and joint ventures the parent recognizes the gain only to the extent of 
unrelated investors’ interests in the associate or joint venture. The main consequence of the amendments is 
that a full gain/loss is recognised when the assets transferred meet the definition of a ‘business’ under IFRS 
3 Business Combinations. A partial gain/loss is recognized when the assets transferred do not meet the 
definition of a business, even if these assets are housed in a subsidiary. The Company will evaluate the 
impact if and when the IASB resolves the inconsistencies and determines an effective date. 

4.   TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

As at December 31 
Trade receivables 
Other receivables 

$ 

$ 

2017 
86,636 
16,460 
103,096 

$ 

$ 

2016 
66,874 
15,234 
82,108 

Included  in  other  receivables  is    $9.2  million  (December  31,  2016  -    $6.4  million)  of  input  tax  credits 
receivable and  $7.3 million (December 31, 2016 -  $8.8 million)  of other receivables. 

5.   INVENTORIES 

As at December 31 
Seafood inventory 
Supplies and other 

$ 

$ 

2017 
68,696 
10,428 
79,124 

$ 

$ 

2016 
81,796 
10,035 
91,831 

In 2017 inventory costs of $467.7 million (2016 - $440.4 million) were recognized in cost of goods sold. 
Clearwater incurred $1.8 million (2016 - $2.9 million) in inventory write-downs which was recognized in 
cost of goods sold. For inventories pledged as security for long term debt, refer to Note 13. 

78 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.   PREPAIDS AND OTHER 

As at December 31 
Prepaids 
Due from related parties (Note 22) 

7.   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

$ 

$ 

2017 
4,781 
- 
4,781 

$ 

$ 

2016 
5,268 
146 
5,414 

The Company periodically uses derivative instruments as part of an active risk management program.  The 
Company  designated  certain  forward  foreign  exchange  contracts  related  to  USD  denominated  interest 
payments as hedging instruments in a qualifying hedging relationship (cash flow hedge). Changes in the 
fair value of derivatives in a qualifying hedging relationship are recognized in comprehensive income. The 
Company  has  elected  not  to  use  hedge  accounting  on  the  remaining  derivative  instruments  and 
consequently, changes in their fair value are recorded in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss).   

Summary of fair value of derivative financial instrument positions: 

As at  

Derivative financial assets 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 
Interest rate caps, floors and swap contracts 

Derivative financial liabilities 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Interest rate and cross-currency swap contracts 

December 31 

December 31 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

$ 

5,938 
- 

5,938 

  $ 

  $ 

(9,120) 

- 

(9,120) 

  $ 

4,637 
184 

4,821 

(1,356) 

(4,284) 

(5,640) 

79 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)  Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts 

Clearwater has forward contracts maturing each month until December 2018 and forward contracts related 
to  the  USD  Notes  maturing  April  2022  (Note  13).  At  December  31,  2017  Clearwater  had  outstanding 
forward contracts as follows: 

Currency 

Foreign currency   
notional amount (in 000's)   

exchange   
rate   

months   
to maturity   

Fair value 
asset (liability) 

Contracts in a current asset position 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
   USD 

6,875   

1.237   

7    $ 

122 

Average    Weighted   
average   
contract   

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 
  Euro 
  USD 
  Yen 
  Euro - GBP 
  USD - GBP 

4,700   
62,600   
1,461,000   
9,500   
5,220   

1.560   
1.323   
0.012   
0.904   
0.766   

Contracts in a non-current asset position 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
   USD 

Total contracts in an asset position 

Contracts in a current liability position 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
   USD 

17,188   

1.243   

12    
6   
6   
8   
5   

    $ 

28    $ 
$ 

84 
4,178 
1,012 
134 
267 
5,797 

141 
141 
5,938 

6,875   

1.336   

7    $ 

(541) 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 
  Euro 
  USD 
  Yen 
  Euro - GBP 

27,700   
27,400   
715,000   
9,400   

1.497   
1.245   
0.011   
0.866   

6   
9   
9   
4   

    $ 

(750) 
(270) 
(21) 
(395) 
(1,978) 

Contracts in a non-current liability position 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 
USD 

30,938   

1.305   

38    $ 

(1,504) 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 
  USD 

200,000   

1.284   

52    

Total contracts in a liability position 

$ 

(5,639) 
(7,142) 
(9,120) 

80 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
  
   
 
  
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
  
 
At December 31, 2016, Clearwater had outstanding forward contracts as follows: 

Currency 

Foreign currency   
notional amount (in 000's)   

Average   
contract   

exchange   
rate   

Weighted   
average   

months   
to maturity   

Fair value 
asset (liability) 

Contracts in an asset position 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 
  Euro 
  USD 
  Yen 

35,995   
30,800  
2,863,100  

1.472   
1.322   
0.012   

Contracts in a liability position 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 
  USD 

41,050   

1.309   

6    $ 
3    
6   

    $ 

3   

$ 
$ 

1,677 
574 
2,386 
4,637 

(1,356) 
(1,356) 

(b) Cash Flow Hedges 

Clearwater entered into USD forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge a portion of its USD interest 
payments, payable semi-annually in May and November each year. 

The  following  table  summarizes  the  pre-tax  amounts  recognized  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income, the amounts reclassified from Accumulated Comprehensive Income (loss) within 
equity and the amount recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings (Loss): 

Gain (loss) recognized in ACI     

ACI to Net Finance Costs   

Gain (loss) reclassified from 

Ineffectiveness recognized in 
Net Finance Costs 

Year ended   

Year ended   

Derivatives in cash flow 
hedging relationship 
Forward foreign exchange 
contacts (1) 
(1) Income tax recovery recorded in ACL was $0.5 million and $0.02 million reclassified from ACI to Net Earnings (Loss). 

 December 31    December 31 
2017 

 December 31    December 31 
2017 

December 31 
2017 

(1,781) $ 

2016   

2016   

(71) $ 

-  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

$ 

- 

- 

Year ended 
 December 31 
2016 

- 

(c)  Interest Rate Swaps, Caps and Floors 

On April 26, 2017, Clearwater refinanced its long-term debt and simultaneously settled the outstanding 
interest rate caps and swap contracts and cross currency swaps.   

At December 31, 2017 Clearwater had no interest rate caps and swap contracts or cross-currency swap 
contracts outstanding.  The Term Loan B interest rate floor noted below has nil value as of December 31, 
2017. 

At December 31, 2016 Clearwater had interest rate cap and floors and swap contracts and cross-currency 
swap contracts outstanding as follows: 

81 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effective  

Expiry  

Contracted    
fixed    

  Notional    Fair value 
asset 

 amount   

date 

Term Loan A - Interest rate swap 

December 2015  

Term Loan B - Interest rate swap 
Term Loan B - Interest rate swap 
Term Loan B - Cross-currency swap 

December 2015  
June 2016  
October 2015  

date 
June 2018  

 interest rate   Currency  
CDN  

5.85%  

(in 000's)   
12,000 

  $ 

6.15%  
June 2019  
June 2019  
6.49%  
June 2018   CDN Banker's 
Acceptance + 
4.41% 

USD  
USD  
CDN  

50,000 
50,000 
99,263 

(liability) 
(274) 
(1,785) 
(2,225) 
- 

Term Loan A - Interest rate cap 
Term Loan B - Interest rate floor 

December 2015  
October 2015  

June 2018  
June 2018  

    $ 

(4,284) 

6.25%  
LIBOR + 
1.25% 

CDN  
USD  

12,000   
75,000    $ 

- 
184 

    $ 

184 

(d)  Foreign exchange (gains) losses on long-term debt and working capital 

Year ended December 31 

Realized (gain) loss 
  Working capital and other 

Unrealized (gain) loss 
  Long term debt and working capital 

Foreign exchange contracts, cross currency swaps and caps related to 
long-term debt 

Total unrealized (gain) loss 

(e)  (Gains) losses on contract derivatives 

Year ended December 31 

 Realized (gain) loss 
  Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Unrealized (gain) loss  
  Forward foreign exchange contracts 

(f)  Credit risk: 

2017   

2016 

$ 

3,547    $ 

7,803 

(23,693)   

(18,045) 

5,883   
(17,810)   

2,947 
(15,098) 

$ 

(14,263)    $ 

(7,295) 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

(3,065)  $ 

7,345 

(980) 
(4,045)  $ 

(14,624) 
(7,279) 

Credit risk refers to the risk of losses due to failure of Clearwater’s customers or other counterparties to 
meet their contractual obligations. Clearwater is exposed to credit risk in the event of non-performance by 
counter parties to its derivative financial instruments but does not anticipate non-performance of any of the 
counter parties as Clearwater only deals with highly rated financial institutions. 

Clearwater  has  significant  accounts  receivable  from  customers  operating  in  Canada,  the  United  States, 
Europe and Asia.  Significant portions of Clearwater’s customers from a sales dollar perspective have been 

82 | P a g e  

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
transacting with Clearwater in excess of five years and bad debt losses have been minimal.  Clearwater has 
a policy of using a combination of credit reporting agencies, credit insurance, letters of credit and secured 
forms  of  payment  to  mitigate  customer  specific  credit  risk  and  country  specific  credit  risk.    No  single 
customer of Clearwater represents more than 8% of total sales. As a result Clearwater does not have any 
significant concentration of credit risk. 

Clearwater’s trade accounts receivable aging based on the invoice due date was as follows:  

As at December 31 
0-30 days 
31-60 days 
over 60 days 

2017 
92.8% 
5.7% 
1.5% 
100.0% 

2016 
93.6% 
5.3% 
1.1% 
100.0% 

The  carrying  amount  of  accounts  receivable is  reduced  by  an  allowance for  doubtful  accounts  of  $  0.1 
million (2016 - $0.4 million).  Clearwater reviews accounts past due on a regular basis and provides an 
allowance  on  a  specific  account  basis.    Accounts  are  written  off  completely  when  it  becomes  virtually 
certain that collection will not occur.  Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts are summarized in 
the table below: 

As at December 31 

Balance at January 1 
Allowance recognized 
Amounts recovered  
Amounts written off as uncollectible  
Foreign exchange 
Balance at December 31 

(g)  Foreign currency exchange rate risk  

2017 

424 
263 
(12) 
(247) 
(281) 
147 

$ 

$ 

2016 

555 
311 
- 
(394) 
(48) 
424 

$ 

$ 

Foreign currency exchange rate risk refers to the risk that the value of financial instruments or cash flows 
associated with the instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Approximately 88% 
(2016 - 87%) of Clearwater's sales are in currencies other than Canadian dollars, whereas the majority of 
expenses are in Canadian dollars.  As a result fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may have a material 
impact on Clearwater's financial results.   In addition Clearwater has subsidiaries that operate in Argentina 
and the United Kingdom which exposes the Company to changes in the value of the Argentine Peso and 
Pound Sterling. 

Risks associated with foreign exchange are partially mitigated by the fact that Clearwater (i) diversifies 
sales  internationally  which  reduces  the  impact  of  any  country-specific  economic  risks;  (ii)  executes  on 
pricing strategies so as to offset the impact of exchange rates; (iii) limits the amount of long term sales 
contracts; (iv) regularly reviews economist estimates of future exchange rates; and (v) has implemented a 
foreign exchange program that focuses on using forward contracts to lock in exchange rates for up to 15 
months.   

On April 26, 2017, Clearwater completed an offering of USD $250 million senior unsecured notes, due 
2025  with  a  US  dollar  coupon  rate  of  6.875%  (“the  Notes”).  In  2017,  Clearwater  entered  into  forward 
foreign exchange contracts to hedge approximately 80% of the notional value of the Notes at an average 
rate of 1.2844 and approximately 80% of the coupon payments at an average rate of 1.2837. 

83 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  carrying  amounts  of  Clearwater’s  foreign  currency  denominated  monetary  assets  and  monetary 
liabilities (excluding derivative financial instruments) as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 
were as follows (presented in Canadian dollars): 

As at December 31 

Cash  
Trade receivables 
Other receivables 
Long-term receivables 
Trade and other payables 
Long-term debt 
Other long-term liabilities 
Net exposure to consolidated statements of financial position 

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

$ 

9,685 
78,075 
9,618 
3,672 
(31,506) 
(347,026) 
(616) 
(278,098)  $ 

35,578 
50,238 
8,462 
9,705 
(19,570) 
(289,184) 
(887) 
(205,658) 

The components of this net exposure by currency are as follows (in foreign currency ‘000’s) at December 
31, 2017:  

December 31, 2017 

GBP 

USD 

Yen 

Euros 

RMB 

DKK 

Peso 

  Argentine 

Cash  

Trade receivables 

Other receivables 

Long term receivables 

Trade and other payables 

Long-term debt 

Other long-term liabilities 

285 

475 

2,032 

1,400 

2,517 

13,949 

414 

1,551 

24,583 

20,610 

567,467 

29,313 

1,333 

660 

2,547 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

212 

154 

7,950 

(3,432) 

21,873 

- 

19,958 

(11,023) 

(1,745) 

(14,702) 

(2,588) 

2,290 

(2,595)  (100,333) 

(16,835) 

(253,879) 

(365) 

- 

- 

- 

40 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Net exposure to consolidated 
statements of financial position 

(24,031) 

(231,164)  567,374 

29,726 

3,841 

26,506 

(58,136) 

The components of this net exposure by currency are as follows (in foreign currency ‘000’s) at December 
31, 2016:  

December 31, 2016 

GBP 

USD 

Yen 

Euros 

RMB 

NOK 

  Argentine 
Peso 

DKK 

Cash  

Trade receivables 
Other receivables 

Long term receivables 
Trade and other payables 

Long-term debt 
Other long term liabilities 

Net exposure to consolidated 
statements of financial position 

1,165 

5,769 
554 

1,307 
(4,939) 

3,618 

8,688 
2,054 

3,705 
(2,986) 

(23,151) 
(534) 

(186,564) 
- 

56 

87,874 
- 

- 
(6,187) 

- 
- 

1,668 

19,639 
1,001 

(604) 

- 
1 

- 

- 
- 

138,856 

819 
(19) 

1,590 

1,151 
39,944 

- 
(408) 

- 
1,792 

- 
(37) 

- 
(2,541) 

30,204 
(77,603) 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

(19,829) 

(171,485) 

81,743 

21,900 

1,189 

(37)  137,115 

(4,714) 

84 | P a g e  

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The  following  table  details  Clearwater’s  sensitivity  to  a  10%  change  in  the  exchange  rates  against  the 
Canadian  dollar.  The  sensitivity  analysis  includes  outstanding  foreign  currency  denominated  monetary 
items and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates. 
The  change  below  is  calculated  based  on  the  net  exposure  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
position.  

(In '000 of Canadian dollars) 
GBP 
USD 
Yen 
Euros 
RMB 
NOK 
DKK 
Argentine Peso 

(h)  Interest rate risk  

2017 
(4,059) 
(28,968) 
630 
4,459 
74 
- 
534 
(381) 

2016 
(3,289) 
(23,049) 
94 
3,096 
23 
(1) 
2,608 
(40) 

Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the value of a financial instrument or cash flow associated with the 
instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Clearwater’s interest rate risk arises from 
long-term borrowings issued at fixed rates that create fair value interest rate risk and from variable rate 
borrowings that create cash flow interest rate risk. Clearwater’s debt is carried at amortized cost with the 
exception of the embedded interest rate floor in Term Loan B until its refinancing on April 26, 2017. The 
interest rate floor was a derivative instrument and recorded at fair value through profit or loss until the 
settlement of the Term Loan B.  

Clearwater manages its interest rate risk exposure by using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt.  In 2017, 
Clearwater replaced its long-term debt with fixed rate USD Notes and variable rate Revolving Credit facility 
and  Term  Loan  B  facility  (Note  13).  As  at  December  31,  2017,  approximately  68%  (2016  –  3.9%)  of 
Clearwater’s debt of $473.2 million (2016 - $436.4 million) was fixed rate debt with a weighted average 
interest rate of 5.8% (2016 – 4.0%). A 1% change in interest rates for variable rate borrowings, including 
the impact of interest rate swaps derivative instruments, would result in a $1.2 million increase (or decrease) 
in interest expense.  

As at December 31, 2016, Clearwater had entered into interest rate swap arrangements to economically 
hedge interest rates on its CDN $30 million Term Loan A facility and its USD $200 million Term Loan B 
facility whereby: 

•  CDN $12 million of Term Loan A was effectively subject to an interest rate that was the lesser of 
the floating rate of interest on the loan or a maximum fixed rate of interest of 6.25% to June 2018.   

•  CDN $12 million of Term Loan A was subject to a fixed interest rate of 5.85% to June 2018. 
•  USD $50 million of Term Loan B was subject to a fixed interest rate of 6.15% to June 2019.   
•  USD $50 million of Term Loan B was capped to June 30, 2018 at an interest rate of 4.75% and 

then the rate was fixed at 6.49% to June 2019.   

Clearwater  accounted  for  these  swap  arrangements  at  fair  value  and  recorded  the  change  in  fair  value 
through the consolidated statement of earnings (loss). The fair value of interest rate swaps and interest rate 
caps at the end of the reporting period was determined by discounting the future cash flows using the yield 
curves at the end of the reporting period. For the year ended December 31, 2016, this resulted in a $2.0 

85 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
million unrealized gain.  These economic hedges were unwound in April 2017 when Clearwater completed 
its refinancing. 

(i)  Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that Clearwater will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with 
financial liabilities.    Clearwater  manages  liquidity  risk  by  monitoring  forecasted  and  actual  cash flows, 
minimizing  reliance  on  any  single  source  of  credit,  maintaining  sufficient  undrawn  committed  credit 
facilities and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and financial liabilities.  

Clearwater’s debt facilities are subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants.  Clearwater is in 
compliance with all covenants associated with its debt facilities as of December 31, 2017.    

Clearwater’s  financing  needs  follow  a  seasonal  pattern  with  working  capital  and  debt  increasing  in  the 
second and third quarter of the year as inventories are built up over the primary fishing seasons with sales 
typically  increasing  in  the  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  the  year,  reducing  leverage  over  those 
periods.  Management has structured its financing facilities reflecting this pattern and works with its lenders 
to set financial covenants which consider seasonal liquidity requirements.  

The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  non-derivative  financial  liabilities,  derivative  financial 
instruments,  operating  leases  and  other  commitments.  The  table  includes  undiscounted  cash  flows  of 
financial liabilities, operating leases and other commitments, interest and principal cash flows based on the 
earliest date on which Clearwater is required to pay.  

December 31, 2017 

Carrying 
Amount 

Total 
Contractual 
Cash Flow 

2018 

2019 

2020 

2021 

2022 

  >2023 

Interest - long-term debt 

$ 

-  $ 

198,248  $ 

26,502 

$ 

26,251  $ 

26,238  $ 

26,225  $ 

23,321  $ 

69,711 

Principal repayments - long-term debt  

-   

473,173   

21,025 

9,761   

9,761   

1,695   

120,748   

310,183 

Total long-term debt  

473,173   

671,421   

47,527 

36,012   

35,999   

27,920   

144,069   

379,894 

Trade and other payables 

80,411   

80,411   

80,411 

-   

-   

-   

-   

Operating leases and other 

-   

14,670   

Derivative financial instruments - asset 

5,938   

5,938   

5,625 

5,797 

Derivative financial instruments - liabilities   

9,120   

9,120   

1,978 

4,011   

3,281   

820   

555   

88   

485   

47   

6   

-   

436   

395   

5,826   

- 

379 

- 

- 

$ 

568,642  $ 

781,560  $  141,338 

$ 

40,596  $ 

39,763  $ 

29,141  $  150,450  $  380,273 

Included in the above commitments for “operating leases and other” are amounts to which Clearwater is 
committed directly - and indirectly through its partnerships - for various licenses and lease agreements, 
office, machinery and vehicle leases, and vessel and equipment commitments.  These commitments require 
approximate minimum annual payments in each of the next five years as shown above.  

Also included in commitments  for operating  leases and  other,  are (i)  amounts to  be  paid to a company 
controlled by a director of Clearwater over a period of years ending in 2020 for vehicle and office leases, 
which aggregate approximately $0.07 million (2016 - $0.04 million). 

86 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(j)  Fair value of financial instruments 

The following tables set out Clearwater’s classification and carrying amount, together with fair value, for 
each type of non-derivative and derivative financial asset and liability: 

December 31, 2017 
Assets: 
  Cash 
  Trade and other receivables  
  Long-term receivables  

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Liabilities: 
  Trade and other payables  
  Long-term debt1 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Fair Value 

Amortized cost 

Total 

Through  
profit or loss 

Derivatives 

Loans and  
Non-derivative  
receivables  financial liabilities  

Carrying 
amount 

Fair 
 value 

35,514 
- 
- 
- 
35,514 

$ 

$ 

- 
- 
- 
5,938 
5,938 

$ 

$ 

- 
103,096 
5,077 
- 
108,173 

(4,703)  $ 
(5,278) 
- 
(9,981)  $ 

$ 

- 
- 
(9,120) 
(9,120)  $ 

- 
- 
- 
- 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

$ 

$ 

35,514 
103,096 
5,077 
5,938 
149,625 

$ 

$ 

35,514 
103,096 
5,077 
5,938 
149,625 

(75,708)  $ 
(467,895) 
- 

(543,603)  $ 

(80,411)  $ 
(473,173) 
(9,120) 
(562,704)  $ 

(80,411) 
(491,079) 
(9,120) 
(580,610) 

1 Earnout liability is recorded at fair value through profit or loss. 

December 31, 2016 
Assets: 
  Cash 
  Trade and other receivables  
  Long-term receivables  

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Interest rate cap, floors and cross-
currency swap 

Liabilities: 
  Trade and other payables  
  Long-term debt1 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

  Embedded derivative 
Interest rate swaps 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Fair Value 

Amortized cost 

Total 

Through  
profit or loss 

Derivatives 

Non-derivative  
Loans and  
receivables  financial liabilities  

Carrying 
amount 

Fair 
 value 

$ 

39,514 
- 
- 
- 

$ 

- 
- 
- 
4,637 

- 
82,108 
8,132 
- 

- 
39,514 

$ 

184 
4,821 

$ 

- 
90,240 

(7,588)  $ 
(9,107) 
- 
- 
- 
(16,695)  $ 

$ 

- 
- 
(1,356) 
(703) 
(4,284) 
(6,343)  $ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

$ 

$ 

39,514 
82,108 
8,132 
4,637 

39,514 
82,108 
8,132 
4,637 

184 
134,575 

$ 

184 
134,575 

$ 

(68,365)  $ 
(426,604) 
- 
- 
- 

(494,969)  $ 

(75,953)  $ 
(435,711) 
(1,356) 
(703) 
(4,284) 
(518,007)  $ 

(75,953) 
(436,082) 
(1,356) 
(703) 
(4,284) 
(518,378) 

1 Earnout liability is recorded at fair value through profit or loss. 

Fair value of financial instruments carried at amortized cost: 

Except as detailed above, Clearwater considers that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial 
liabilities recognized in the consolidated financial statements approximate their fair values. For cash, trade 
and other receivables, and trade and other payables, the carrying value approximates their fair values due 
to  the  short-term  maturity  of  these  instruments.  The  fair  values  of  the  long  term  receivables  are  not 
materially different from their carrying values. 

87 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The estimated fair value of Clearwater’s long-term debt for which carrying value did not approximate fair 
value at December 31, 2017 was $363.5 million (December 31, 2016 - $46.8 million) and the carrying value 
was  $345.7  million  (December  31,  2016  –  $46.5  million).  The  fair  value  of  long-term  debt  has  been 
classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and was estimated based on discounted cash flows using 
current rates for similar financial instruments subject to similar risks and maturities. 

(k)  Fair value hierarchy   

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value must be classified using a three-level hierarchy that reflects the 
significance of the inputs used in making the fair value measurements. The levels are defined as follows:  

•  Level 1: Fair value measurements derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for 

identical assets or liabilities 

•  Level 2: Fair value measurements derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within 
Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. 
derived from prices) 

•  Level 3: Fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the 

asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs) 

The table below sets out fair value measurements of financial instruments carried at fair value through profit 
and loss using the fair value hierarchy: 

December 31, 2017 

Recurring measurements 

Financial Assets: 
Cash 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Financial Liabilities: 
Forward foreign exchange contracts 
Earnout liability 

Level 1     

Level 2     

Level 3 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

35,514   $ 

-  
35,514   $ 

-   $ 

5,938  
5,938   $ 

- 

- 
- 

-   $ 
-  

-   $ 

9,120   $ 
-  

9,120   $ 

- 
(5,278) 

(5,278) 

88 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016 

Recurring measurements 

Financial Assets: 
Cash 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 
Interest rate caps, floors and cross-currency swaps 

Financial Liabilities: 
Forward foreign exchange contracts 
Embedded derivative in Term Loan B (Note 13 (a)) 

Interest rate swaps 
Earnout liability 

Level 1     

Level 2     

Level 3 

$ 

39,514   $ 

-   $ 

-  

4,637  
184  

$ 

39,514   $ 

4,821   $ 

$ 

$ 

-   $ 
-  

-  
-  

(1,356)   $ 
(703)  

(4,284)  
-  

-   $ 

(6,343)   $ 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
(9,107) 

(9,107) 

There were no transfers between levels during the periods ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 
2016. 

Clearwater used the following techniques to value financial instruments categorized in Level 2:  

•  Forward  foreign  exchange  contracts  are  measured  using  present  value  techniques.  Future  cash 
flows are estimated based on forward exchange rates (from observable exchange rates at the end of 
the reporting period) and contract forward rates, discounted at a rate that reflects the credit risk of 
Clearwater and the various counterparties and the risk-free yield curves of the respective currencies.  

•  The  embedded  derivative  was  fair  valued  using  a  Bloomberg  valuation  model  for  interest  rate 

floors. 

• 

Interest rate swaps, caps and floors and cross-currency swaps were measured using present value 
techniques that used a variety of inputs, being quoted prices and market-corroborated inputs.  

The Earnout liability relating to the Macduff acquisition is a financial liability categorized as Level 3 as the 
fair value measurement of this financial liability is based on significant inputs not observable in the market. 

To determine the fair value of the Earnout liability three primary sources of risk are assessed (i) the risk 
associated  with  the  underlying  performance  of  Macduff’s  EBITDA  (“Earnings  before  interest,  taxes, 
depreciation and amortization”), (ii) the risk associated with the functional form of the Earnout payments; 
and (iii) the credit risk associated with the future Earnout payments. The fair value of the Earnout payments 
is  estimated  based  on  a  Monte  Carlo  simulation  under  a  risk-neutral  framework.  The  fair  value  of  the 
Earnout is estimated based on discounted expected future EBITDA cash flows for Macduff for the four 
year period ending December 31, 2020. The following inputs and assumptions were used in calculating the 
fair value of the Earnout liability including: 

•  Payments dates: The Earnout will be payable for the periods ending December 31, 2017 through 
December 31, 2020, based on the expected pattern of the Deferred Obligation and the expected 
outstanding amount of Deferred Obligation at the end of each year. 
•  Forecasted EBITDA: Management’s forecast for the remaining period; 
•  Risk-free rate: 1.8% 

89 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•  Risk adjusted discount rate: 7.5% 
•  Asset  volatility:  The  estimated  asset  volatility  of  Macduff  is  based  on  its  observable  historical 
EBITDA volatility. In the context of calculating the asset volatility, the following inputs to derive 
the asset volatility were used: 

o  Debt value: 1.8x EBITDA 
o  Enterprise Value: 7.5x EBITDA 
o  EBITDA volatility: 21% 

A risk adjusted payout is calculated at each time period and discounted at the risk-free rate to the valuation 
date. This process is simulated 100,000 times and the expected value of the Earnout is retrieved. Based on 
the  method  stated  above,  the  fair  value  of  the  Earnout  was  determined  to  be  £3.1  million  (CDN  $5.2 
million). 

The change in the fair value of the Earnout for the year ended December 31, 2017 was a decrease of £1.6 
million (CDN $2.7 million) (2016 - decrease of £0.6 million (CDN $1.1 million)). 

The fair value estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Clearwater will receive or pay at 
the settlement of the contracts.  

8.   LONG-TERM RECEIVABLES 

As at December 31 
Advances to fishermen 
Notes receivable from non-controlling interest holder in subsidiary 
Other 

$ 

$ 

2017 
5,077 

-  $ 
- 
5,077  $ 

2016 
6,481 
1,368 
283 
8,132 

Certain advances to fishermen are made for a fixed term, secured by an assignment of catch and are non-
interest  bearing  unless  there  is  no  supply  for  6  weeks,  at  which  time  the  loans  become  repayable  in 
installments and are interest bearing. Other advances to fishermen bear interest at prime plus 2% - 3% (2016 
- prime plus 2% - 3%) are due on demand, and are secured by an assignment of catch, a marine mortgage 
on the related vessels, equipment and licenses.  Advances to fishermen are presented as non-current as the 
entire  balances  are  not  expected  to  be  repaid  in  the  current  year  and  it  is  not  Clearwater’s  intention  to 
demand payment unless the terms of the advance agreements are not met. Certain advances to fishermen 
are denominated in Pounds Sterling (see Note 7 (h)). 

Notes receivable from non-controlling interest consisted of funds that were advanced to a shareholder in an 
incorporated  subsidiary.  The  notes  were  interest  bearing  at  rates  ranging  from  0%  -  12%  and  were  
unsecured and had no set terms of repayment.  In the second quarter of 2017, the interest bearing loans were 
repaid and $0.1 million was forgiven.  

90 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
9.   PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 

Land   

Building and 
wharves 

Equipment 

Vessels and 
vessel 
equipment 

Construction in 
progress 

Total PPE 

Deferred 
Gov't 
Assistance 

Total 

Cost  
Balance at January 1, 2017 
Additions 
Disposals 
Reclassifications and other adjustments 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

$ 

2,819  $ 
- 
- 
62 
(4) 

67,102  $ 
47 
(11) 
2,293 
(219) 

73,024  $  325,083  $ 

254 
(15) 
14,407 
208 

6,428 
(26,952) 
12,923 
(5,033) 

36,043  $  504,071  $ 
78,702 
- 
(28,998) 
128 

85,431 
(26,978) 
687 
(4,920) 

(8,962)  $  495,109 
85,431 
(26,978) 
(473) 
(4,920) 

- 
- 
(1,160) 
- 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

2,877  $ 

69,212  $ 

87,878  $  312,449  $ 

85,875  $  558,291  $ 

(10,122)  $  548,169 

Accumulated depreciation 
Balance at January 1, 2017 
Depreciation for the year 
Disposals 
Reclassifications and other adjustments 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 

$ 

1,005  $ 
30 
- 
- 
- 

49,695  $ 
2,532 
(11) 
- 
7 

60,320  $  158,515  $ 
5,082 
(15) 
(7) 
163 

33,037 
(24,760) 
630 
(1,520) 

7  $  269,542  $ 
- 
- 
(7) 
- 

40,681 
(24,786) 
616 
(1,350) 

(8,240)  $  261,302 
40,304 
(24,786) 
616 
(1,338) 

(377) 
- 
- 
12 

Balance at December 31, 2017 

$ 

1,035  $ 

52,223  $ 

65,543  $  165,902  $ 

-  $  284,703  $ 

(8,605)  $  276,098 

Carrying amounts 
At January 1, 2017 
At December 31, 2017 

$ 
$ 

1,814  $ 
1,842  $ 

17,407  $ 
16,989  $ 

12,704  $  166,568  $ 
22,335  $  146,547  $ 

36,036  $  234,529  $ 
85,875  $  273,588  $ 

(722)  $  233,807 
(1,517)  $  272,071 

Cost  
Balance at January 1, 2016 
Additions 
Disposals  
Reclassification and other adjustments 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at December 31, 2016 

Accumulated depreciation  
Balance at January 1, 2016 
Depreciation for the year 
Disposals 
Reclassifications and other adjustments 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at December 31, 2016 

Carrying amounts 
At January 1, 2016 
At December 31, 2016 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Land   

Building and 
wharves 

Equipment 

Vessels and 
vessel 
equipment 

Construction in 
progress 

Total PPE 

Deferred 
Gov't 
Assistance 

Total 

2,823  $ 
- 
- 
- 
(4) 
2,819  $ 

67,235  $ 
567 
(32) 
1,003 
(1,671) 
67,102  $ 

74,667  $  328,017  $ 

939 
(436) 
948 
(3,094) 
73,024  $  325,083  $ 

23,035 
(1,547) 
(11,677) 
(12,745) 

21,612  $  494,354  $ 
38,531 
- 
(23,986) 
(114) 

63,072 
(2,015) 
(33,712) 
(17,628) 

36,043  $  504,071  $ 

(8,962)  $  485,392 
63,072 
(2,015) 
(33,712) 
(17,628) 
(8,962)  $  495,109 

- 
- 
- 
- 

989  $ 
16 
- 
- 
- 
1,005  $ 

47,871  $ 
2,466 
- 
(14) 
(628) 
49,695  $ 

59,740  $  133,648  $ 
3,020 
(332) 
5 
(2,113) 
60,320  $  158,515  $ 

29,013 
(1,547) 
325 
(2,924) 

-  $  242,248  $ 
- 
- 
7 
- 
7  $  269,542  $ 

34,515 
(1,879) 
323 
(5,665) 

(8,053)  $  234,195 
34,328 
(1,879) 
323 
(5,665) 
(8,240)  $  261,302 

(187) 
- 
- 
- 

1,834  $ 
1,814  $ 

19,364  $ 
17,407  $ 

14,927  $  194,369  $ 
12,704  $  166,568  $ 

21,612  $  252,106  $ 
36,036  $  234,529  $ 

(909)  $  251,197 
(722)  $  233,807 

91 | P a g e  

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Total  depreciation  and  amortization  expense  related  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  definite-life 
intangible assets for 2017 was $45.4 million (2016 - $38.6 million). In 2017, $42.3 million (2016 - $31.9 
million) of depreciation and amortization expense for assets used in the harvesting and production of goods 
was classified as cost of goods sold and $3.0 million (2016 – $1.6 million) was recorded in administrative 
and selling costs for assets used in administrative activities. For property, plant and equipment pledged as 
security for long-term debt, refer to Note 13. 

10.    INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL 

Intangible assets 

Goodwill 

Brand 
names 

Computer 
software 

Indefinite 
life licenses 

Fishing 
rights 

Goodwill and 
intangible 
asset total 

Total 

Cost  
  Balance at January 1, 2016 
 Acquisition through business combination  

$ 

54,180  $ 
2,129 

12,680  $ 

- 

-  $ 
- 

172,179  $ 

26,078  $ 

210,937  $ 

- 

- 

- 

  Additions 
  Foreign currency exchange translation 
  Balance at December 31, 2016 

-   
(6,528)  
49,781   

-   
(2,464)  
10,216   

21,078   
-   
21,078   

-   
(18,453)  
153,726   

-   
(414)  
25,664   

21,078   
(21,331)  
210,684   

265,117 
2,129 

21,078 
(27,859) 
260,465 

  Additions 
  Foreign currency exchange translation 
  Balance at December 31, 2017 

Accumulated amortization  
  Balance at January 1, 2016 
  Amortization 
  Foreign currency exchange translation 
  Balance at December 31, 2016 

  Amortization 
  Foreign currency exchange translation 
  Balance at December 31, 2017 

Carrying amounts 
  As at December 31, 2016 
  As at December 31, 2017 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

-   
415   
50,196  $ 

-   
186   
10,402  $ 

996   
-   

-   
727   

22,074  $ 

154,453  $ 

-   
(356)  
25,308  $ 

996   
557   
212,237  $ 

996 
972 
262,433 

-  $ 
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-  $ 

-  $ 
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-  $ 

-  $ 

2,392   
-   
2,392   

3,224   
-   

5,616  $ 

-  $ 
-   
-   
-   

-   
-   
-  $ 

9,091  $ 
1,914   
(34)  
10,971   

1,900   
(65)  
12,806   

9,091  $ 
4,306   
(34)  
13,363   

5,124   
(65)  
18,422  $ 

9,091 
4,306 
(34) 
13,363 

5,124 
(65) 
18,422 

49,781  $ 
50,196  $ 

10,216  $ 
10,402  $ 

18,686  $ 
16,458  $ 

153,726  $ 
154,453  $ 

14,693   
12,502   

197,321  $ 
193,815  $ 

247,102 
244,011 

Clearwater  maintains  fishing  licenses  and  rights  to  ensure  continued  access  to  the  underlying  resource. 
Fishing licenses have an indefinite life as they have nominal annual renewal fees, which are expensed as 
incurred,  and the  underlying  stocks  of the  species are  healthy.  The licenses  and goodwill  are tested  for 
impairment annually and when circumstances indicate the carrying value may be impaired. 

92 | P a g e  

 
 
   
   
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indefinite life licenses, brand names and goodwill 

Annual impairment testing for each CGU was performed using a VIU approach as of December 31, 2017. 
The recoverable amount is the higher of the VIU and fair value less cost of disposal. The VIU for all CGU’s 
were  determined  to  be  higher  than  their  carrying  amounts and  therefore  no  impairments  were recorded 
during 2017.  

The value in use was determined by discounting the projected future cash flows generated from operations 
for the applicable CGU. Unless otherwise indicated in notes i – iii, the assumptions used in the Goodwill 
and indefinite life Intangible assets value in use for 2017 were determined similarly to those used in 2016. 

The carrying value of Clearwater’s significant CGU’s are as follows: 

As at 
Scallops 
   Indefinite life licenses 
MacDuff 
   Goodwill 
   Indefinite life licenses 
   Brand names 
All other CGU's individually without significant carrying value  
   Goodwill 
   Indefinite life licenses 

September 30 
2017 

December 31 
2016 

$ 

54,456  $ 

55,458 

44,558 
74,886 
10,402 

5,638 
25,111 

$ 

215,051  $ 

44,143 
73,544 
10,216 

5,638 
24,724 

213,723 

The discounted cash flows used in determining the recoverable amounts were based on the following key 
assumptions: 

i)  Cash flows from operations were projected for a period of five years based on a combination 
of  past  experience,  actual  operating  results  and  forecasted  earnings.  Terminal  values  and 
forecasts for future periods were extrapolated using inflation rates of 2% - 2.5% (2016: 2% - 
2.5%).  

ii)  Pre-tax discount rates ranging from 9% - 13% (2016: 9% - 13%) were applied in determining 
the recoverable amount of the CGU’s.  The discount rates were estimated based upon weighted 
average cost of capital, and associated risk for the CGU.   

iii)  Cash  flow  adjustments  for  capital  expenditures  were  based  upon  a  management  approved 
capital  expenditure  forecast,  and  terminal  year  capital  expenditures  were  based  on  required 
refits over the period of the fishing license.  

   The following assumptions were used for each individual CGU: 

93 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Argentine scallops 
Clams 
Turbot 
CDN scallops 
FAS shrimp 
Lobster 
MacDuff 
Other 

Inflation 

Pre-tax discount rates 

2017 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.5% 
2.0% 

2016 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.0% 
2.5% 
2.0% 

2017 
13.0% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
10.0% 
11.0% 
9.0% 

2016 
13.0% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
9.5% 
10.0% 
11.0% 
9.0% 

The  values  assigned to the  key assumptions represent  management’s  assessment  of future  trends  in  the 
industry and are based on both internal and external sources.  

Definite life fishing rights 

Amortization relates to fishing rights. Amortization is allocated to the cost of inventory and is recognized 
in cost of goods sold as inventory is sold.  In 2017 and 2016, there have been no additions or disposals. 

Refer to Note 13 for assets pledged as security for long term debt. 

Computer software 

Clearwater implemented a new enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”) in 2016 and began amortizing 
on a straight line basis over 3 - 8 years, beginning in the second quarter of 2016. 

11.   INVESTMENT IN EQUITY INVESTEE 

The following table summarizes the financial information of Adams and Knickle Limited, a joint venture 
in which Clearwater owns 50% and is accounted for using the equity method: 

Year ended December 31 

2017 

2016 

Carrying amount of interest in joint venture 

$ 

 9,817  

$ 

 10,496  

Share of: 
Earnings for the year 
Dividends from joint venture 

 2,656  
 3,340  

 1,185  
 -  

94 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12.   INCOME TAXES  

(a)  Reconciliation of income tax expense 

The  effective  rate  on  Clearwater's  earnings  before  income  taxes  differs  from  the  expected  amount  that 
would arise using the combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rates.  
A reconciliation of the difference is as follows: 

Year ended December 31 
Earnings (loss) before income taxes 
Combined tax rates 
Income tax provision at statutory rates 

Add (deduct): 
   Income of partnerships taxed in the hands of the partners 
   Permanent differences 
   Benefit of non-capital loss not recognized 
   Recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets 
   Effect of rate differences 
   Income of foreign subsidiary not subject to tax 
   Other 
Actual provision 

(b)  Income tax expense  

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2017 
35,897 
30.5% 
10,949 

$ 

$ 

(2,458)  $ 
(2,565) 
5,451  
(2,970) 
639 
(50) 
(1,338) 
7,658 

$ 

2016 
76,042 
30.5% 
23,193 

(4,022) 
(1,265) 
- 
(1,425) 
(1,581) 
2,304 
(758) 
16,446 

The components of the income tax expense (recovery) for the year are as follows: 

Year ended December 31 
Current income tax expense 
Deferred tax expense (recovery) 

$ 

$ 

2017 
12,375 
(4,717) 
7,658 

$ 

$ 

2016 
7,079 
9,367 
16,446 

95 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(c)  Deferred tax assets and liabilities  

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:  

Deferred tax assets: 
  Non-capital loss carry-forwards 
  Unrealized foreign exchange 
  Share issuance costs 
  Reserve for unpaid share-based compensation 
  Capital Losses 
  Other 

Deferred tax liabilities: 
  Licenses and intangibles 
  Property, plant and equipment 
  Long-term debt 
  Other 

Classified in the consolidated statement of financial position as: 

Deferred tax asset  
Deferred tax liability  

December 31 
2017 

December 31 
2016 

$ 

18,198 
1,472 
805 
1,094 
3,590 
656 

(22,932) 
(5,227) 
(4,147) 
- 
(6,491)  $ 

17,144 
250 
1,192 
2,001 
- 
- 

(18,200) 
(13,004) 
(586) 
(421) 
(11,624) 

11,349 
(17,840)   
(6,491)  $ 

6,429 
(18,053) 
(11,624) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The net change in deferred income taxes is reflected in deferred income tax recovery of $4.7 million (2016 
- expense of $9.4 million), plus $0.5 million (2016 – nil) of deferred tax recovery recorded through other 
comprehensive loss (Note 7 (b)), less the foreign exchange effect of deferred taxes of foreign subsidiaries 
totaling $0.1 million (2016 - $4.3 million), the effect of which was recorded through foreign exchange.  

The deferred tax asset recorded for non-capital loss carry-forwards is recognized based on Clearwater's 
estimate that it is more likely than not than it will earn sufficient taxable profits to utilize these losses before 
they expire. 

Unrecognized deferred tax assets 

Clearwater has the following deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits 
for which no deferred tax asset is recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position. 

96 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-capital losses 
Investment tax credits 
Capital losses 
Accounts receivable 

Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities 

Clearwater 
Seafoods Inc. 

Subsidiary 
Corporations 

$ 

$ 

17,872 
13,095  
44,550  
-  

$ 

7,960 
590  
380  
15,798  

Total 

Expiry 

25,832  2026 - 2037 
13,685  2023 - 2037 
44,930  No expiry 
15,798 

N/A 

Deferred  tax  is  not  recognized  on  the  unremitted  earnings  of  subsidiaries  and  other  investments  as  the 
Company is in a position to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that such 
differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The unrecognized temporary difference at December 
31, 2017 for the Company's subsidiaries was $84.2 million (December 31, 2016 - $49.8 million). 

13.   LONG-TERM DEBT 

$ 

  $ 

2016 

2017 

As at December 31 
Senior debt (a): 
- 
  USD senior unsecured notes, due May 2025 (USD $250,000) 
- 
  Term loan B, due May 2022 
- 
      Revolving credit facility, due May 2022 
50,218 
  Term loan A, due June 2018  
306,507 
  Term loan B, due June 2019  
703 
  Term loan B, embedded derivative 
23,400 
      Revolving credit facility 
29,298 
Deferred obligation (b) 
9,107 
Earnout liability (b) 
13,459 
Term loan, due June 2018 (c) 
3,500 
Term loan, due in 2091 (d) 
222 
Other loans 
436,414 
Total Debt 
(67,005) 
Less: current portion 1 
369,409 
Total Long-term Debt 
1   Current portion of long-term debt includes scheduled payments related to the Senior debt; Deferred Obligation payments, less accretion during 

306,684 
34,466 
87,682 
- 
- 
- 
- 
23,181 
5,278 
12,215 
3,500 
167 
473,173 
(21,025) 
452,148 

  $ 

$ 

the period and minimum payment related to the Earnout Liability. 

(a) 

Senior debt 

In April 2017, Clearwater refinanced its senior debt facilities.  The Company issued USD $250 million of 
6.875%  Senior  Notes  due  May  2025  (the  “Notes  Offering”).    Concurrent  with  the  Notes  Offering, 
Clearwater  entered  into  new  senior  secured  credit  facilities  in  an  aggregate  availability  of  CDN  $335 
million,  consisting  of  a  CDN  $300  million revolving  credit facility  and  a  CDN  $35  million amortizing 
secured  term  loan  (“Term  Loan  B”),  each  maturing  in  2022  (the  “Senior  Secured  Credit  Facilities”). 
Clearwater used the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes, together with the new borrowings under the 
Senior Secured Credit Facilities, to refinance existing senior secured credit facilities (Term Loan A was 
due June 2018, Term Loan B was due June 2019 and revolving credit facility) and for general corporate 
purposes.   

97 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The refinancing was accounted for as a settlement of the prior facilities and consequently $4.2 million of 
unamortized deferred financing costs and refinancing costs were recorded with Net Finance Costs (refer to 
Note 13 (e)).  Financing costs related to the USD Notes and Senior Secured Credit Facilities of $12.0 million 
have been deferred and amortized into interest using the effective interest method over the term of the debt. 

As at December 31, 2017, Senior debt consists of USD senior unsecured notes (the “Notes”), a Term Loan 
B facility and revolving debt facility.  As of December 31, 2016, senior debt consisted of a Term Loan A 
facility, Term Loan B facility and a revolving credit facility. 

Senior Notes, due 2025 – The USD $250.0 million (CDN $314.1 million) Senior Notes have a coupon rate 
of 6.875%, with coupon payments payable in semi-annual installments of USD $8.6 million (CDN $10.8 
million) in May and November each year.  The balance is shown net of unamortized deferred financing 
charges of USD $5.9 million (CDN $7.4 million) which resulted in an effective interest rate of 7.194%. 

Refer to Note7 for details on forward foreign exchange contracts used to economically hedge a portion of 
the foreign exchange risk related to the notional and coupon payments for the Senior Notes. 

Term Loan B facility, due 2022 – The Term Loan B consists of an initial term loan of CDN $35.0 million.  
The principal outstanding as at December 31, 2017 was CDN $34.7 million.  The loan is repayable in annual 
installments of $0.35 million, with the balance due at maturity in May 2022.  The facility bears interest 
ranging from LIBOR plus 2.50% to 3.25%. The range is determined quarterly based on a ratio of Senior 
Secured indebtedness to EBITDA, with EBITDA calculated on a trailing twelve month basis.  The balance 
is shown net of deferred financing charges of CDN $0.3 million resulting in an effective interest rate of 
3.74%. 

Revolving credit facility, due 2022 – The CDN $300 million revolving credit facility can be drawn in 
CDN, USD, EUR, YEN or GBP. As at December 31, 2017 the balances were drawn in CDN and bear 
interest ranging from LIBOR plus 1.50% to 2.25%. The range is determined quarterly based on a ratio of 
Senior Secured indebtedness to EBITDA, with EBITDA calculated on a trailing twelve month basis.  The 
balance  is  shown  net  of  deferred  financing  charges  of  CDN  $2.3  million, resulting  in  effective  rates of 
3.97% for CDN balances. The availability of this facility, subject to financial covenants, is further reduced 
by the term loan outstanding in note (c), as such the availability as at December 31, 2017 was approximately 
CDN  $56  million.    The  facility  has  standby  fees  ranging  from  0.25%  to  0.30%  based  upon  the  Senior 
Secured Indebtedness to EBITDA ratio as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter. 

The Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan B, due 2022, are secured by a first charge on cash, trade and 
other receivables, inventories, marine vessels, licenses and quotas, and Clearwater’s investments in certain 
subsidiaries. 

In addition to the minimum principal payments for Term Loan B, the loan agreement requires that between 
0% and 50% of excess cash flow (defined in the loan agreement as EBITDA, excluding non-controlling 
interest in EBITDA less principal debt repayments (excluding revolver payments), less interest expense, 
less capital expenditures funded through operating cash flows, less certain tax expenses), be used to repay 
the principal based on the previous fiscal year’s results upon approval of the annual consolidated financial 
statements. During the period ended December 31, 2017, Clearwater repaid nil in principal relating to this 
requirement.    

98 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term Loan A facility (repaid April 2017) – The Term Loan A consisted of an initial term loan of CDN 
$30.0 million and a delayed draw facility of CDN $30.0 million. The principal outstanding on the initial 
term as at December 31, 2016 was CDN $24.2 million. The balance is shown net of deferred financing 
charges of CDN $0.1 million. The loan was interest bearing at the applicable banker’s acceptance rate plus 
3.25%. As at December 31, 2016 this resulted in an effective rate of 4.14%. 

The principal outstanding on the Term Loan A delayed draw facility as at December 31, 2016 was CDN 
$26.4 million. The balance is shown net of deferred financing charges of CDN $0.3 million. Interest was 
payable monthly at the banker’s acceptance rate plus 3.25%. As at December 31, 2016 this resulted in an 
effective rate of 4.14%. 

Term Loan B facility (repaid April 2017) - The principal outstanding as at December 31, 2016 was USD 
$178.5 million and CDN $70.4 million. Interest on the USD balance was payable monthly at the US LIBOR 
plus 3.50% with a LIBOR interest rate floor of 1.25%, and the CDN balance at the banker’s acceptance rate 
plus 3.50%. As of December 31, 2016 this resulted in an effective rate of 4.75% on the USD balance and 
4.39%  on  the  CDN  balance.  The  embedded  derivative  represented  the  fair  market  value  of  the  LIBOR 
interest  rate  floor  of  1.25%. The  change  in  fair  market  value  of  the  embedded  derivative  was  recorded 
through profit or loss as a component of Net finance costs.  

In 2016, a payment similar to those under the new Term Loan B discussed above were required under the 
Term Loan A and B loan agreements. In 2016, Clearwater paid $18.6 million in principal on Term Loan A 
and B and payments were allocated amongst the term loans on a pro rata basis. 

Revolving credit facility (repaid April 2017) - Clearwater had a CDN $100.0 million revolving facility. 
The availability of this facility was reduced by the term loan outstanding in note (c).  The facility could be 
drawn  in  CDN  and/or  USD.  As  at  December  31,  2016  the  balance  was  CDN  $23.4  million.  The  CDN 
balance was interest bearing at the banker’s acceptance rate plus 3.25%. As of December 31, 2016 this 
resulted in an effective rate of 4.14%.  The facility had standby fees of 0.375%. 

(b)  Deferred Obligation and Earnout Liability  

In connection with the 2015 acquisition of MacDuff, there are two components of the purchase price that 
are to be paid in future periods as discussed below: 

(i) 
Deferred Obligation - The Deferred Obligation relates to deferred payments for 33.75% of the 
shares  of  Macduff  acquired  by  Clearwater  (the  "Earn  Out  Shares")  in  2015.  Excluding  the  fair  value 
adjustment on acquisition, the principal balance outstanding as at December 31, 2017 is £15.8 million (CDN 
$26.5 million) (December 31, 2016 - £21.0 million (CDN $34.8 million)) and does not bear interest. The 
Deferred Obligation is recorded at the discounted amount based on estimated timing of payment and is 
being accreted to the principal amount over the estimated term using the effective interest method with an 
effective average interest rate of 7.44%.  The following is a reconciliation of the Deferred Obligation: 

99 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance - December 31, 2015 
Accretion - 2016 
Principal repayment 
Effect of movement in foreign exchange 

Balance - December 31, 2016 

Accretion - 2017 
Principal repayment 
Effect of movement in foreign exchange 
Balance - December 31, 2017 

£ 

£ 

£ 

GBP 
20.9  
2.0  
(5.2)  
-  

17.7  

1.3  
(5.2)  
-  
13.8  

$ 

$ 

$ 

CDN 
42.9 
3.6 
(8.7) 
(8.5) 

29.3 

2.2 
(8.8) 
0.5 
23.2 

On October 30th of each year, the holders of the Earn Out Shares can elect to be paid up to 20% of the 
original Deferred Obligation amount.  Clearwater has the right to exercise the payout of 20% of the Deferred 
Obligation  annually  commencing  two  years  after  the  date  of  closing.    The  percentage  of  the  Deferred 
Obligation  remaining  unpaid  will  impact  the  fair  value  of  the  future  performance  component  of  the 
additional consideration, the Earnout.  

On October 30, 2017 and 2016, the holders of the Earn Out Shares elected to be paid 20% of the outstanding 
Deferred Obligation. As a result, a payment of £5.2 million (CDN - $8.8 million) was made in November 
2017 and £5.2 million (CDN - $8.7 million) in November 2016. 

(ii)      Earnout liability - The Earnout liability is unsecured additional consideration to be paid dependent 
upon the financial performance of Macduff and the percentage of Deferred Obligation remaining unpaid at 
the time of payment (refer to Deferred Obligation above).  The estimated fair value of the Earnout liability 
at December 31, 2017 is £3.1 million (CDN - $5.3 million) (December 31, 2016 - £5.5 million, CDN - $9.1 
million) based on forecast earnings and probability assessments.  The actual Earnout payments are expected 
to be paid over a five year period ending 2021.  

The first payment was made in the second quarter of 2017 for £0.8M (CDN - $1.3 million). 

The amount of the total Earnout liability is calculated as follows:  

The greater of:  
£3.8 million; OR 
(i) 
(ii) 
up to 33.75% (dependent upon the percentage of Deferred Obligation remaining unpaid each year) 
of  the  increase  in  equity  value  of  the  business  over  five  years  calculated  as  7.5x  adjusted  EBITDA  of 
Macduff less the outstanding debt of Macduff; and    
(iii) 
Deferred Obligation remaining unpaid each year) 

10%  of  adjusted  EBITDA  of  Macduff  above  £10  million  (dependent  upon  the  percentage  of 

Refer to Note 7(l) for further information on the process by which Clearwater determines the fair value of 
the Earnout liability. The Earnout liability is recorded at fair value on the consolidated statement of financial 
position at each reporting period until paid, with changes in the estimated fair value being recorded as a 
component of other expense on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings (Loss).  The change in fair value 
for the period ended December 31, 2017 was a decrease of £1.6 million (CDN $2.7 million) (December 31, 
2016 - £0.6 million (CDN $1.1 million)).    

100 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Term Loan  

(c) 
The  principal  outstanding  as  at  December  31,  2017  was  USD  $10.0  million  (CDN  $12.2  million) 
(December 31, 2016  -  USD  $10.0  million;  CDN  $13.5  million). The loan  is  held  through  a  Clearwater 
subsidiary.  The  loan  is  non-amortizing,  repayable  at  maturity  in  June  2018  and  bears  interest  payable 
monthly at 3.9% per annum.  

Term Loan, due in 2091  

(d) 
In connection with this term loan, Clearwater makes a royalty payment of CDN $0.3 million per annum in 
lieu of interest.  This equates to an effective interest rate of approximately 8.0% per annum. 

(e)  Net finance costs 

Year ended December 31 

2017 

2016 

Interest expense on financial liabilities  

$ 

28,205 

$ 

Amortization of deferred financing charges and accretion 

Fair value adjustment on embedded derivative (Note 13 (a)) 

Accretion on deferred consideration  (Note 13 (b)) 
Interest rate swap and caps (1) 

Debt settlement (2) & refinancing fees  

1,555 

29,760 

(703) 

2,166 

(4,347) 

8,404 

$ 

35,280 

$ 

24,776 

2,113 

26,889 

(1,350) 

3,562 

(2,027) 

(126) 

26,948 

(1)  Interest rate swaps and caps represents unrealized (gains) losses as a result of the change in fair value during 
the year. Realized gains and losses are reflected in interest expense and bank charges and debt settlement and 
refinancing fees.  

(2) Debt settlement includes loss on settlement of existing interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps and cap, 
forward foreign exchange contracts, remaining unamortized deferred financing costs and accretion.  

14.   SHARE CAPITAL 

Authorized: 

Clearwater is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares.  

Share capital movement: 

As at December 31 
Share capital: 
Balance at January 1 
Issuance of common shares 
Balance at December 31 

# 
63,934,698 
- 
63,934,698 

2017 

           $ 

210,860 
- 
210,860 

# 
59,958,998 
3,975,700 
63,934,698 

2016 

           $ 

157,161 
53,699 
210,860 

On June 21, 2016 Clearwater completed the issuance of 3,975,700 common shares at $13.90 per common 
share  for  gross  proceeds  of  $55.3  million. Transaction  costs associated  with the  equity  issue  were $2.2 
million and have been deducted, net of deferred taxes of $0.6 million from the recorded amount for the 
common shares.  

101 | P a g e  

 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Common shares outstanding as at December 31, 2017 totaled 63,934,698. 

During the year ended 2017, dividends of $12.8 million were declared and paid as follows: 

Payment Date 
April 3, 2017 
June 2, 2017 
September 1, 2017 
December 1, 2017 

# of Shares Outstanding 
 63,934,698  
 63,934,698  
 63,934,698  
 63,934,698  

Dividends per Share 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

0.050  
0.050  
0.050  
0.050  

During the year ended 2016, dividends of $12.4 million were declared and paid as follows: 

Payment Date 
April 15, 2016 
June 10, 2016 
September 1, 2016 
December 2, 2016 

# of Shares Outstanding 
 59,958,998  
 59,958,998  
 63,934,698  
 63,934,698  

Dividends per Share 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

0.050  
0.050  
0.050  
0.050  

Subsequent to the end of the year, on March 6, 2018 the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend 
of $0.05 per share payable on April 2, 2018 to shareholders of record as of March 15, 2018 for a total of 
$3,196,735. 

15.   NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST 
On May 29, 2017, Clearwater acquired an additional 5% interest in its Argentina subsidiary for USD $5.0 
million (CDN $6.7 million), increasing Clearwater's ownership from 80% to 85%.  The carrying value of 
the subsidiary's net assets in the consolidated financial statements on the date of acquisition was a deficit 
of  $8.9  million,  including  the  cumulative  translation adjustment  account.   The acquisition  resulted  in  a 
reduction to retained earnings attributable to shareholders of Clearwater of $7.2 million.  

Carrying amount of net deficit 

Non-controlling interest acquired (deficit) 
Consideration paid to non-controlling interest 

Decrease in retained earnings attributable to shareholders of Clearwater 

$ 

$ 

(8,895) 

(445) 
6,725 

7,170 

Summarized  financial  information  in  respect  of  Clearwater’s  subsidiaries  that  have  non-controlling 
interests (“NCI”) is set out below.  

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(a) Summarized statements of financial position 

As at December 31 

NCI Percentage  

Current assets  
Current liabilities 

Non-current assets  

Net assets 

Coldwater shrimp 

2017 

2016 

46.34% 

46.34% 

$ 

$ 

21,763 
(11,359) 
10,404 

17,192 

27,596 

38,772 
(14,018) 
24,754 

22,838 

47,592 

Accumulated non-controlling interests 

$ 

17,473 

$ 

24,941 

As at December 31 

NCI Percentage  

Current assets  
Current liabilities 

Non-current assets  
Non-current liabilities  

Net assets 

Argentine Scallops 

2017 

15.0% 

$ 

$ 

10,961 
(25,404) 
(14,443) 

18,203 
(391) 
17,812 

2016 

20.0% 

9,505 
(34,030) 
(24,525) 

23,914 
(1,154) 
22,760 

3,369 

(1,765) 

Accumulated non-controlling interests 

$ 

(1,801)  $ 

(1,485) 

103 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
(b) Summarized statements of earnings 

Year ended December 31 

Sales 
Earnings and comprehensive income for the year 
Total comprehensive income  

Earnings allocated to non-controlling interest  
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest 

Year ended December 31 

Sales 
Earnings for the year 
Other comprehensive income  
Total comprehensive income  

Earnings allocated to non-controlling interest  
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest 

(c) Summarized statements of cash flows 

Year ended December 31 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Cash flow used in financing activities 
Cash flow used in investing activities 
Net increase (decrease) in cash 

Year ended December 31 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Cash flow used in financing activities 
Cash flow used in investing activities 
Net increase (decrease) in cash 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Coldwater shrimp 

2017 

2016 

74,199 $ 
19,004 
19,004  

10,605  
18,073  

100,161 
29,524 
29,524 

15,842 
24,560 

Argentine Scallops 

2017 

2016 

$ 

60,850 
18,231 
(2,119) 
16,112 

2,632 
1,962 

41,637 
1,282 
1,300 
2,582 

437 
- 

Coldwater shrimp 

2017 

2016 

$ 

19,957 
(39,000)  
(4,142)  
(23,185)  

45,677 
(53,500) 
- 
(7,823) 

Argentine Scallops 

2017 

2016 

$ 

13,522 
(10,977) 
(2,666) 
(121) 

6,500 
- 
(6,377) 
123 

104 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16.   OPERATING EXPENSES 

Year ended December 31 
Salaries and benefits 
Share-based incentive compensation 
Employee compensation 

Consulting and professional fees 
Other 
Selling costs 
Travel 
Occupancy 

Total administrative and selling costs before allocation  
Allocation to cost of goods sold 
Total administrative and selling costs  

Restructuring costs 
Operating expenses 

$ 

$ 

2017 
40,197 
409  
40,606  

14,238  
6,625  
2,816  
3,089  
1,548  
28,316  
(13,371)  
55,551  

6,856  
62,407 

$ 

$ 

2016 
39,346 
2,902 
42,248 

13,135 
6,907 
2,857 
3,906 
1,947 

28,752 
(13,494) 
57,506 

986 
58,492 

In the fourth quarter of 2017, Clearwater recognized $6.7 million in restructuring expenses.  These expenses 
consisted of severance costs associated with the targeted restructuring of the Company’s employee base 
and changes to Clearwater’s distribution infrastructure. 

17.   OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE 

Year ended December 31 
Acquisition related costs 
Share of earnings of equity-accounted investee 
Royalties, interest income and other fees 
Other (income) fees 
Fair value adjustment on earn-out liability 
Export rebates 
Other (income) expense  

$ 

2017 
464 
(2,656) 
(431) 
(994)  
(2,769)  
(1,190)  
(7,576)  $ 

2016 
2,561 
(1,185) 
(1,379) 
(1,950) 
(1,110) 
(2,146) 
(5,209) 

$ 

$ 

105 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18.   EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION 

Employee compensation is classified in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) based on the related 
function.  The following table reconciles Clearwater's compensation expense items to the functions where 
the amounts are presented on the consolidated statement of earnings (loss):  

Year ended December 31 
Salaries and benefits  
Share-based compensation 

Cost of goods sold 
Administrative and selling costs 

2017 
151,410  $ 
409 
151,819  $ 

2016 
155,533 
2,902 
158,435 

114,570  $ 
37,249 
151,819  $ 

119,669 
38,766 
158,435 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

19.   EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE  

The earnings and weighted average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings 
(loss) per share is as follows (in thousands except number of shares and per share data): 

Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders - basic 
Adjustment for stock-based compensation plan shares 
Earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders - diluted 

Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic 
Adjustment for stock-based compensation plan shares 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted 

Earnings per share 
Basic 
Diluted 

2017   
15,759    $ 

-    

15,759    $ 

2016 
43,928 
203 
44,131 

63,934,698    
60,344    
63,995,042    

62,050,325 
143,218 
62,193,543 

0.25    $ 
0.25    $ 

0.71 
0.71 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

Diluted earnings (loss) for the period is calculated based on earnings attributable to the shareholders of 
Clearwater after the adjustment for any potentially dilutive cash-settled share-based payments.  There was 
no revaluation adjustment related to cash-settled share-based payments for the year ended December 31, 
2017.  The revaluation adjustment on cash-settled share-based payments for the year ended December 31, 
2016 resulted in a dilutive impact on earnings (loss) per share.   

Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding are adjusted for the dilutive effect of share-based 
compensation.   

106 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
20.   SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION 

Clearwater’s  share-based  compensation  plans  are  disclosed  in  Note  3  (m).  An  aggregate  amount  of 
2,500,000  Common  Shares  of  Clearwater  are  issuable  under  the  PSU  Plan  which  was  approved  by  the 
shareholders with the most recent management information circular dated May 30, 2017. 

Clearwater has the following share-based compensation plans: 

Share appreciation rights (“SARs”) 

The share appreciation rights plan is a phantom share plan that provides the holder a cash payment equal to 
the fair market value of Clearwater’s shares, less the grant price. SARs vest over a three-year period and 
have no expiry.  

Deferred share units (“DSU”) 

There are two deferred share unit plans that provide the holder a cash payment equal to the fair market 
value of Clearwater’s shares on the date of settlement or equity-settlement. The retention DSU plan awards 
vest once the holder reaches the age of 65 with continued employment by Clearwater, or death. The director 
DSU plan allows non-employee directors to receive, in the form of deferred share units, all or a percentage 
of director’s fees, which would be otherwise payable in cash. Each director DSU vests at the grant date.  

Performance share units (“PSU”) 

On May 12, 2015, Clearwater amended the terms of its PSU plan. Under the plan, holders of PSUs receive 
settlement amounts measured based upon the relative performance of Clearwater shares to its pre-defined 
peer group. Performance is based on the total return to shareholders over the defined period.  

Under  the  original  terms  of  the  PSU  plan,  vested  units  were  to  be  settled  in  cash  at  the  end  of  the 
performance period. Under the amended terms of the PSU plan, vested units are to be settled in cash or 
shares or by a combination thereof as determined by the company. Prior grants will continue to be cash-
settled, and all future grants under the PSU plan will be settled by the issuance of shares. 

The number of share-based awards outstanding and vested as  of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as 
follows: 

As at December 31, 2017 (in thousands) 

SARs 

PSU - Tranche 4 
PSU - Tranche 5 
PSU - Tranche 6 
DSU 
Total 

$ 

Grant 
price 
0.80 
1.00 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

Number 
outstanding 
83 
67 
61 
85 
110 
465 
871 

Number  
vested 
83 
67 
61 
- 
- 
465 
676  

Grant 
 Date 
May 2010 
May 2010 
April 2015 
April 2016 
May 2017 
June 2012 - December 2017 

107 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
As at December 31, 2016 (in thousands) 

SARS  

PSU - Tranche 3 
PSU - Tranche 4 
PSU - Tranche 5 
DSU 
Total 

$ 

Grant 
price 
0.80 
1.00 
  N/A 
  N/A 
  N/A 
  N/A 

Number 
outstanding 
83 
67 
141 
79 
124 
390 
884 

Number  
vested 
83 
67 
141 
- 
- 
313 
604  

Grant 
 Date 
May 2010 
May 2010 
March 2014 
April 2015 
April 2016 
June 2012 - December 2016 

The following reconciles the share based awards outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2017:  

(In thousands of share units) 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017 
Granted 
Granted from dividends 
Exercised 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017 

PSU - 
Tranche 3 
141 
- 
- 
(141) 
- 

PSU - 
Tranche 4 
79 
- 
2 
(20) 
61 

PSU - 
Tranche 5 
124 
- 
2 
(41) 
85 

PSU - 

Tranche 6  DSU 
- 
157 
2 
(49) 
110 

390 
69 
6 
- 
465 

Vested at January 1, 2017 
Vested  
Exercised 
Vested at December 31, 2017 

141 
- 
(141) 
- 

- 
81 
(20) 
61 

- 
41 
(41) 
- 

- 
49 
(49) 
- 

313 
152 
- 
465 

SARS 

Total 

150 
- 
- 
- 
150 

150 
- 
- 
150 

884 
226 
12 
(251) 
871 

604 
323 
(251) 
676 

The following reconciles the number of share based awards outstanding for the year ended December 31, 
2016:  

 (In thousands of share units) 
Outstanding at January 1, 2016 
Granted 
Granted from dividends 
Forfeited 
Exercised 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 

PSU - 
Tranche 2 
204 
- 
- 
- 
(204) 
- 

PSU - 
Tranche 3 
190 
- 
2 
(51) 
- 
141 

PSU - 
Tranche 4 
105 
- 
1 
(27) 
- 
79 

PSU - 

Tranche 5  DSU 
- 
127 
1 
(4) 
- 
124 

448 
44 
6 
- 
(108) 
390 

Vested at January 1 2016 
Vested  
Exercised 
Vested at December 31, 2016 

204 
- 
(204) 
- 

- 
141 
- 
141 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

269 
152 
(108) 
313 

SARS 

Total 

150 
- 
- 
- 
- 
150 

150 
- 
- 
150 

1,097 
171 
10 
(82) 
(312) 
884 

623 
293 
(312) 
604 

108 | P a g e  

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following units were settled in the year ended December 31, 2017: 

As at December 31, 2017 
PSU - Tranche 3 
PSU - Tranche 4 
PSU - Tranche 5 
PSU - Tranche 6 

Total  

Grant 
price 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 

Number exercised 
In thousands 
141 
20 
41 
49 
251  

Exercise  
date 
April 2017 
November 2017 
November 2017 
November 2017 

Share price at 
exercise date 
$10.37 
$7.14 
$7.14 
$7.14 

These  awards  were  cash  settled  during  2017  FOR  $1.7  million,  after  taking  into  consideration  the 
performance factor as described in Note 3 (m). 

The following units were settled in the year ended December 31, 2016: 

As at December 31,2016 
PSU - Tranche 2 
Total 

Grant 
price 
N/A 

Number exercised 
In thousands 
204 
204  

Exercise  
date 
April 2016 

Share price at exercise 
date 
$12.79 

These  awards  were  cash  settled  during  2016  for  $4.2  million,  after  taking  into  consideration  the 
performance factor as described in Note 3 (m). 

The PSU Tranche 4 awards are fully vested as of December 31, 2017 and the total expense recorded over 
the vesting period was $1.3 million recognized within contributed surplus. These awards will be equity 
settled in the first quarter of 2018.   

PSU Tranches 5 and 6 are expected to be equity settled. 

The retention DSUs awards have fully vested as of December 31, 2017. 

Dividend equivalents 

When  cash  dividends  are  paid  to  shareholders  of  Clearwater,  dividend  equivalent  PSUs  and  DSUs  are 
granted to the Participants which are equal to the greatest number of whole share units having a market 
value, as of the payment date of the dividend, equal to the product of the cash dividend paid per share 
multiplied  by  the  number  of  PSUs  and  DSUs  outstanding.  The  additional  PSUs  and  DSUs  granted  are 
subject to the same terms and conditions as the corresponding PSU or DSU Grant. 

Fair value of share based awards 

The SARs issued and outstanding are fully vested and are expected to be cash settled on the exercise date; 
therefore, vested awards are recorded as liabilities at the intrinsic value of the SARs. 

Retention DSU awards have fully vested.  Awards may be redeemed up to one year following retirement 
and therefore recorded at the share price at the end of the reporting period.  Awards for which redemption 
notices have been received but are still outstanding as of December 31, 2017, are recorded at the share price 
at the time of the election. 

109 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Measurement inputs for the remaining plans include the fair value of Clearwater’s shares, exercise price of 
the  instrument,  expected  volatility  (based  on  weighted  average  historic  volatility  adjusted  for  changes 
expected  due  to  publicly  available  information),  weighted  average  expected  remaining  life  of  the 
instruments (based on historical experience and general option holder behaviour), expected dividends, and 
the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds), as follows: 

Weighted average fair value per award 
Weighted average risk-free interest rate 
Weighted average expected volatility 
Expected life of awards (years) 

Weighted average fair value per award 
Weighted average risk-free interest rate 
Weighted average expected volatility 
Expected life of awards (years) 

PSU 

PSU 

$ 

Tranche 5   
17.78  $ 
1.01% - 2.28%   

Tranche 6   
11.85  $ 
1.11% - 2.31%   

18.66% - 43.43% 

1   

16.60% - 33.83% 
2 

PSU 
Tranche 4 

PSU 
Tranche 5 

$ 

18.19  $ 

17.78  $ 

0.10% - 3.46% 
  20.38% - 74.54% 
1 

1.01% - 2.28% 
  18.66% - 43.43% 
2 

2017 

DSU 
9.05 
N/A 
N/A 
1 

2016 

DSU 
11.65 
  0.479% - 0.64% 
  33.78% - 38.12% 
1 - 3.25 

Share-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 is  $0.4 million (December 31, 2016 - $2.9 million). 

The liability for share-based compensation is  $4.7 million at December 31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 - 
$7.6 million). The vested portion of the liability for share based compensation is  $4.7 million at December 
31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 -  $6.9 million). 

21.   SEGMENT INFORMATION 

Clearwater has one reportable segment which includes its integrated operations for harvesting, processing 
and distribution of seafood products.  

(a)  Sales by Species 

Year ended December 31 
Scallops 
Clams 
Lobster 
Coldwater shrimp 
Crab 
Langoustine 
Whelk 
Ground fish and other shellfish 

2017 
200,286 
109,170 
101,883 
77,964 
45,468 
43,099 
24,267 
18,894 
621,031 

$ 

$ 

2016 
188,421 
91,918 
108,402 
93,250 
38,243 
47,572 
22,204 
21,541 
611,551 

$ 

$ 

110 | P a g e  

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(b)  Sales by Geographic Region of the Customer 

Year ended December 31 
  France 
  Scandinavia 
  UK 
  Other                   
Europe 

  China 
Japan 
  Other  
Asia 

  United States 
  Canada 
North America 

Other 

(c)  Non-current Assets by Geographic Region 

As at 

Property, plant and equipment, licenses, fishing rights and goodwill 
Canada 
Argentina 
Scotland 
Other 

$ 

$ 

2017 
108,650 
28,606 
14,921 
91,463 
243,640 

102,315 
79,631 
34,170 
216,116 

86,813 
73,888 
160,701 

574 
621,031 

$ 

$ 

2016 
102,806 
32,529 
17,632 
93,942 
246,909 

96,518 
76,230 
34,141 
206,889 

85,385 
72,275 
157,660 

93 
611,551 

December 31  
2017   

December 31 

2016 

$ 

$ 

327,432    $ 
18,984   
169,362   
304   
516,082    $ 

298,517 
24,055 
158,077 
260 
480,909 

111 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22.   RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

(a)  Subsidiaries, partnerships, and joint venture 

Clearwater’s  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Corporation  and  its  material 
subsidiaries and a joint venture, as follows:  

Entity 
Adams and Knickle Limited 
Clearwater Fine Foods (Europe) Limited 
Clearwater Fine Foods (USA) Incorporated 
Clearwater Ocean Prawns Venture 
Clearwater Seafoods Holdings Incorporated 
Clearwater Seafoods Limited Partnership 
Glaciar Pesquera S.A. 
Macduff Shellfish Group Limited 
St. Anthony Seafoods Limited Partnership 

(b)  Key management personnel 

Ownership % 
50% 
100% 
100% 
53.66% 
100% 
100% 
85% 
100% 
75% 

Accounts 
Equity method 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 
Consolidated 

Clearwater has defined key management personnel as senior executive officers, as well as the Board of 
Directors, as they have the collective authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the 
activities  of  the  Corporation.  The  following  table  outlines  the  total  compensation  expense  for  key 
management personnel for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.  

Year ended December 31 
Wages and salaries 
Share-based compensation 
Severance 
Other benefits 

$ 

$ 

2017 
3,623 
(108) 
1,624 
364 
5,503 

$ 

$ 

2016 
3,998 
2,702 
292 
1,150 
8,142 

c)  Transactions with other related parties 

Clearwater rents office space to and provides computer support network services to CFFI Ventures Inc. 
(“CVI”), a related party. The net amount due from CVI in respect of these transactions was $0.04 million 
(December 31, 2016 – net amount due from CVI of $0.04 million), is unsecured and due on demand.  

In June 2016, Clearwater sold an idle vessel to the joint venture, the sales price of CDN $13.5  million 
dollars was the book value at the time of the sale plus refit costs. 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Clearwater recorded net revenue of approximately $0.06 million 
for  providing  computer  support  network  services  to  and  receiving  goods  and  services  from  companies 
related to CVI (December 31, 2016 - $0.1 million). The transactions are recorded at the exchange amount 
and the balance due from these companies was $0.07 million as at December 31, 2017 (December 31, 2016 
- $0.05 million due to).  

In the second quarter of 2017, interest bearing loans of $1.3 million (December 31, 2016 - $1.4 million) 
made to a non-controlling interest shareholder in a subsidiary were repaid and $0.1 million was forgiven.  

112 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.   CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

Clearwater’s objectives when managing capital are as follows: 

•  Ensure liquidity 
•  Minimize cost of capital 
•  Support business functions and corporate strategy 

Clearwater’s  capital  structure  includes  a  combination  of  equity  and  various  types  of  debt  facilities. 
Clearwater’s  goal  is  to  have  a  cost  effective  capital  structure  that  supports  its  growth  plans,  while 
maintaining flexibility, reducing interest rate risk and reducing exchange risk by borrowing in currencies 
other than the Canadian dollar when appropriate 

Clearwater uses leverage, in particular USD senior unsecured notes, revolving and term debt to lower its 
cost of capital. 

The  amount  of  debt  available  to  Clearwater  under  its  lending  facilities  is  a  function  of  Net  Adjusted 
EBITDA attributable to shareholders, as defined in the credit agreement. Net Adjusted EBITDA attributable 
to  shareholders  can  be  impacted  by  known  and  unknown  risks,  uncertainties,  and  other  factors  outside 
Clearwater’s  control  including,  but  not  limited  to,  total  allowable  catch  levels,  selling  prices,  weather, 
exchange rates, fuel and other input costs. 

Clearwater  maintains  flexibility  in  its  capital  structure  by  regularly  reviewing  forecasts  and  multi-year 
business plans and making any required changes to its debt and equity facilities on a proactive basis. These 
changes can include early repayment of debt, issuing or repurchasing shares, issuing new debt, utilizing 
surplus cash, extending the term of existing debt facilities and, selling surplus assets to repay debt.  

Clearwater’s capital structure was as follows as at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 

113 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
In 000's of Canadian dollars 
As at  

Equity 

Share capital 
Contributed surplus 
Deficit 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 

Non-controlling interest 

Long-term debt 
Senior debt, non-amortizing 

USD senior unsecured notes, due 20251 
Revolving debt, due in 20222 
Revolving debt, due in 20183 
Term loan, due in 2018 
Term loan, due in 2091 

Senior debt, amortizing 

Term Loan B, due 20224  
Term Loan A, due 20185 
Term Loan B, due 20196  
Other loans 

Deferred Obligation7 
Earnout liability7 
Total long term debt 

Total capital 

$ 

December 31 
2017  

December 31 
2016 

$ 

210,860 
3,021 
(8,722) 
(39,730)  
165,429 
17,109  
182,538  

306,684  
87,682  
- 
12,215 
3,500  
410,081 

34,466  
-  
-  
167  
34,633  

23,181  
5,278  
473,173  

210,860 
1,419 
(4,793) 
(38,931) 
168,555 
19,930 
188,485 

- 
- 

23,400 
13,459 
3,500 
40,359 

- 

50,218 
307,210 
222 
357,650 

29,298 
9,107 
436,414 

$ 

655,711 

$ 

624,899 

1 USD senior unsecured notes is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $7.4 million with a US dollar coupon rate of 6.875%.  This 
resulted in an effective rate of approximately 7.194%. 

2 The revolving loan availability, subject to financial covenants, allows Clearwater to borrow a maximum of approximately CDN $56 million and 
is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $2.3 million.   As of December 31, 2017, this resulted in an effective rate of approximately 
3.97%. The availability on this loan is reduced by the amount outstanding on a USD $10 million non-amortizing term loan. 

3 The revolving loan allowed Clearwater to borrow a maximum of CDN $100 million and bears interest at the banker's acceptance rate plus 
3.25%.  The availability on this loan was reduced by the amount outstanding on a USD $10 million non-amortizing term loan. 

4 Term Loan B is net of unamortized deferred financing charges of $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2017, this resulted in an effective rate of 
approximately 3.74%.   

5 Term Loan A is net of unamortized deferred financing charges at December 31, 2016 of $0.4 million and bears interest at the applicable 
banker's acceptance rate plus 3.25%.   

6 Term Loan B is a USD loan, shown net of unamortized deferred financing charges at December 31, 2016 of $1.1 million and bears interest at 
US LIBOR plus 3.5% with a LIBOR floor of 1.25%.   
7 The Deferred Obligation and Earnout Liability relate to the acquisition of Macduff in 2015. 

The Company’s share capital is discussed in Note 14 and long-term debt, including the Deferred Obligation 
and Earnout liability in Note 13. 

114 | P a g e  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24.   CONTINGENT LIABILITIES  

From time to time Clearwater is subject to claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of operations. 
In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of such pending legal proceedings will not have a 
material effect on Clearwater’s consolidated financial position. 

25.   ADDITIONAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION 

Changes in non-cash operating working capital 
(excludes change in accrued interest) 

(Increase) decrease in inventory 
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 
(Increase) in accounts receivable 
Decrease (increase) in prepaids 
Increase (decrease) in income tax payable 

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities 
Current and long-term debt - beginning of period 
Scheduled repayments of long-term debt 
Repayment of long-term credit facilities 
Repayment of revolving credit facility 
Net proceeds from long-term debt, net of financing costs 
Net proceeds from long-term credit facilities, net of financing costs 

Net proceeds from revolving credit facility, net of financing costs 
Realized foreign exchange on settlement of long-term debt 
Non-cash changes in long-term debt: 
    Accretion of Term Loan B and Deferred Obligation 
    Fair market value adjustment on embedded derivative 
    Fair market value adjustment on earnout liability 
    Amortization of deferred financing costs 
    Write-off unamortized deferred financing costs 
    Foreign exchange gain on long-term debt 
Current and long-term debt - end of period 

26.   COMPARATIVE INFORMATION  

2017 

2016 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

12,615 
9,369 
(22,043) 
188 
2,928 
3,057 

$ 

$ 

2017 
436,414  $ 
(11,953) 
(361,519) 
(52,400) 
330,015 
34,901 

116,082 
4,172 

(1,352) 
(694) 
(2,736) 
7,384 
1,477 
(26,616) 
473,173 

$ 

(22,030) 
(7,785) 
3,775 
4,953 
4,540 
(16,547) 

2016 
480,769 
(33,903) 
- 
- 
- 
- 

7,000 
- 

2,877 
274 
(1,105) 
722 
- 
(20,221) 
436,414 

These  consolidated  financial  statements  contain  certain  reclassifications  of  prior  year  amounts  to  be 
consistent with the current period presentation.  Significant reclassifications are discussed below. 

In the Consolidation Statements of Financial Position, prior year derivative financial instruments have been 
reclassified as current and non-current assets and liabilities.  This is a change in presentation only and has 
no impact on earnings (loss) for the year. 

In the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, cash interest paid and cash income tax paid are now disclosed 
separately as supplemental information.  This change in presentation has no impact on cash from operating 
activities.  

115 | P a g e  

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 27.   SUBSEQUENT EVENTS  

Department of Fisheries decision on Arctic surf clam 

On February 21, 2018, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada announced that Five Nations Clam 
Company is the recipient of a licence to harvest 25% of the total allowable catch ("TAC") for Arctic surf 
clams to be effective January 1, 2018. 

Clearwater previously held three licences covering 100% of the TAC for Arctic surf clams. While the loss 
of  direct  access  to  25%  of  the  TAC  for  this  species  is  expected  to  impact Clearwater’s operations  and 
financial performance, the extent of that impact is not ascertainable at this time. The Company will continue 
to explore strategies to mitigate any negative impacts of this decision.   

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”)  

On February 15, 2018, Clearwater announced that it approved a DRIP effective February 23, 2018. At the 
election of Clearwater, shares may be either newly issued from treasury or purchased on the open market. 
Clearwater may from time to time, in its sole discretion, offer a discount of up to 5% of the average market 
price for shares purchased from treasury. Clearwater will provide a discount of 3% from the average market 
price  for  shares  purchased  under  the  plan  until  further  notice.    Clearwater  has  applied  to  the  TSX  to 
conditionally reserve for issuance an additional 3,000,000 shares to accommodate the purchase of shares.  
The DRIP program will be effective for the fourth quarter dividend payment. 

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Quarterly and share information 

Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated ($000's except per share amounts)

Sales 
Earnings attributable to: 
     Non-controlling interests 
     Shareholders of Clearwater 

Per share data 
Basic net earnings (loss) 
Diluted net earnings (loss) 
Adjusted earnings (loss)  

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

2017 

2016 

174,765 

163,597 

154,302 

128,367   

165,690 

189,457 

140,180 

116,225   

4,405 
(10,176) 
(5,771) 

4,526 
15,054 
19,580 

2,503 
9,489 
11,992 

(0.17) 
(0.17) 
(0.02) 

0.24 
0.24 
0.13 

0.15 
0.15 
0.00 

1,046   
2,172   
3,218   

0.03   
0.03   
0.03   

3,800 
8,610 
12,410 

7,012 
10,848 
17,860 

3,551 
9,963 
13,514 

1,305   
14,507   
15,812   

0.13 
0.13 
0.01 

0.17 
0.17 
0.31 

0.16 
0.16 
0.02 

0.24   
0.24   
0.04 

Trading information, Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated, symbol CLR

Trading price range of shares (board lots) 
High 
Low 
Close 

Trading volumes (000's) 
Total 
Average daily 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1 

Q4 

Q3 

Q2 

Q1  

9.43 
6.90 
7.33 

6,759 
109 

12.03 
8.93 
8.99 

4,738 
80 

11.95 
10.15 
11.42 

5,554 
88 

11.80 
9.85 
10.48 

7,837 
124 

14.55 
10.69 
11.65 

5,688 
92 

14.85 
13.50 
14.33 

2,747 
44 

14.85 
12.05 
13.98 

3,995 
63 

13.63 
9.95 
12.68 

3,051 
49 

Shares outstanding at end of quarter 

  63,934,698  63,934,698  63,934,698  63,934,698 

  63,934,698  63,934,698  59,958,998  59,958,998 

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Selected Annual Information 

Sales 
Costs of goods sold 

Gross margin 

Operating expenses 
     Administrative and selling 
     Restructuring 
Net finance costs 
Foreign exchange (gains) losses on long-
term debt and working capital 
(Gains) losses on forward contracts  
Other income 
Research and development 
Gain on change of control of joint venture 

2017 
(Audited) 

2016 
(Audited) 

2015 
(Audited) 

2014 
(Audited) 

2013 
(Audited) 

$  621,031  $  611,551  $  504,945  $  444,742  $  388,659 
  301,291 
  372,757 

  466,930 

  341,908 

  510,963 

  110,068 

  144,621 

  132,188 

  102,834 

87,368 

55,551 
6,856 
35,617 

57,506 
986 
26,948 

48,213 
3,150 
444 

46,369 
1,883 
(5,031) 

38,931 
74 
(3,240) 

(14,262) 

(7,295) 

(4,382) 
(7,576) 
2,368 
- 

(7,279) 
(5,209) 
2,922 
- 

1,981 
- 
- 
  148,472 

1,991 
- 
- 
87,088 

1,659 
- 
- 
80,171 

Earnings before income taxes 

35,897 

76,042 

(70,072) 

(29,466) 

(30,227) 

Income taxes expense (recovery) 

7,658 

59,596 

(20,671) 

9,797 

15,298 

Earnings before non-controlling interest 

28,238 

59,596 

(20,671) 

9,797 

15,298 

Non-controlling interest 

12,480 

15,668 

16,937 

12,702 

8,965 

Earnings attributable to shareholders 

$ 

15,759  $ 

43,928  $ 

(37,608)  $ 

(2,905)  $ 

6,333 

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CORPORATE INFORMATION 

HEAD OFFICE OF CLEARWATER SEAFOODS 
INCORPORATED 

757 Bedford Highway 
Bedford, Nova Scotia  B4A 3Z7 
902-443-0550 

DIRECTORS OF CLEARWATER SEAFOODS INCORPORATED 

EXECUTIVE OF CLEARWATER SEAFODS INCORPORATED 

Colin E. MacDonald, Chairman of the Board  

Ian Smith 
Chief Executive Officer 

John C. Risley 
President, CFFI Ventures Inc. 

Harold Giles 
Independent Consultant 

Larry Hood, Chair of Audit Committee 
Former Audit Partner, KPMG   

Jane Craighead, Chair of HRDCC 
Senior Vice President, Scotiabank 

Mickey MacDonald 
President, Micco Companies 

Teresa Fortney 
Vice-President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer 

Christine Penney 
Vice-President, Sustainability & Public Affairs 

Dieter Gautschi 
Vice-President, Human Resources 

Roy Cunningham 
Vice-President, Land Based Operations 

Tony Jabbour 
Vice-President, Fleet Operations 

Brendan Paddick 
Chief Executive Officer, Columbus Capital Corporation 

Darren Bowen 
Vice President, Global Supply Chain 

Stan Spavold, Chair of Finance Committee 
Executive Vice President, CFFI Ventures Inc. 

INVESTOR RELATIONS 

Jim Dickson, Chair of Corporate Governance Committee 
Former Counsel, Stewart McKelvey 

Investor relations 
(902) 443-0550 
Investorinquiries@clearwater.ca 

AUDITORS   

KPMG LLP 
Halifax, Nova Scotia 

SHARES LISTED 

Toronto Stock Exchange 
SHARE Symbol: CLR 

TRANSFER AGENT 

Computershare Investor Services Inc.

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Clearwater Seafoods Incorporated 
757 Bedford Highway, Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada, B4A 3Z7 
Tel. (902) 443-0550 Fax. (902) 443-7797 www.clearwater.ca 

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