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Curzon Energy PLC

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FY2018 Annual Report · Curzon Energy PLC
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Curzon Energy Plc  

Registered company number: 09976843 

Annual Report and Financial Statements for the Period Ended 31 December 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Annual Report 2018 

Contents 

Page Number 

Company Information 

Chairman’s Statement 

Strategic Report  

Directors’ Report 

Remuneration Report  

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities in Respect of the Strategic Report, 
the Directors’ Report and the Financial Statements 

Independent Auditors’ Report to the Members of Curzon Energy Plc 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows  

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity  

Company Statement of Cash Flows  

Notes to the Company Financial Statements  

(i) 

1 

2 

6 

13 

17 

18 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

52 

53 

54 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Company Information 

Annual Report 2018 

Directors 
John McGoldrick               Chairman and Non-Executive Director 
Scott Kaintz 
Owen May 
Brian James Kinane 
Thomas Wagenhofer 
Thomas Mazzarisi 
Stephen J. Schoepfer 

Non-Executive Director (resigned on 15 March 2019) 
Executive Director (resigned on 6 November 2018) 
Executive Director (resigned on 6 November 2018) 
Executive Director (resigned on 6 November 2018) 

Executive Director (appointed on 26 June 2018) 

             Non-Executive Director 

Company secretary 
Sam Quinn (appointed 6 November 2018) 
Thomas Mazzarisi (resigned on 6 November 2018) 

Company number 
09976843 

Registered address 

          Kemp House 
          152 City Road 
          London  
          EC1V 2NX 

Independent auditors 
Crowe UK LLP 
St Bride’s House 
10 Salisbury Square 
London 
EC4Y 8EH 

          Company’s Solicitors 

First Sentinel  
Suite 12A 
55 Park Lane 
Mayfair, London, W1K 1NA 

Financial advisor and broker 
SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
Prince Frederick House 
35-39 Maddox Street 
London W1S 2PP 

Registrars 
Neville Registrars Limited 
Neville House 
18 Laurel Lane 
Halesowen B63 3DA 

Bankers 
Barclays Bank plc 
Level 27 
One Churchill Place 
London E14 5HP 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Chairman’s Statement 

     Annual Report 2018 

I am pleased to present the annual report for the Company covering its results for the year to 31 December 
2018. 

The  Company  was  incorporated  for  the  purpose  of  pursuing  a  targeted  acquisition  strategy  of  oil  and  gas 
assets. The Company’s first acquisition occurred on 3 October 2017 when the Company acquired 100% of the 
membership interests of  Coos Bay Energy LLC (“Coos Bay”), which is the owner and operator of approximately 
45,370  acres  of  coalbed  methane  leases  (“CBM”)  in  Coos  Bay,  Oregon,  USA,  pursuant  to  a  membership 
interest purchase agreement dated 20 May 2017.   

During the course of the year the Company focused on extended testing of the five existing wells at Coos Bay 
with  particular  emphasis  on  gaining  access  to  the  deeper  coal  seams  that  had  been  previously  isolated. 
Following  several  efforts  to  rework  the  wells  gas  flow  proved  inconsistent  and  inconclusive. Well  re-entries 
appeared to stir up additional coal fines in the wellbores resulting in little net gains. Ultimately the view taken 
by the Board was that as Curzon had inherited the wells, the observed results were unlikely to be representative 
of the performance of new wells drilled by the Company in locations of its choosing, and so did not provide an 
accurate indication of the true commercial potential of the Coos Bay project. Analysis of the data gathered will 
be carried out to plan a new appraisal programme focusing on the Lower Coaledo formation where 90%+ of 
the gas reserves are located.  The emphasis in any new efforts will be on controlling the entirety of the appraisal 
process  from  picking  representative  well  locations  to  drilling  and  completing  using  the  latest  technologies 
available with the clear goal of determining the commerciality of the project.    

In addition, the Company has announced a memorandum of understanding (“MOU”) with Pared Energy LLC to 
develop a conventional gas fairway in the Claiborne Group in Texas.  The Company believes that the Texas 
Gas  Project  offers  multi-TCF  potential  with  over  1,000ft  of  stacked  pay  with  expansion  opportunities  over 
250,000 acres.  In Texas, Curzon and Pared are seeking to apply modern drilling and completion techniques, 
including horizontal wells, to an area of known gas bearing horizons where local techniques and methods have 
changed little over past decades.   

Phase 1 of the Texas Gas Project will include the drilling and completion of one vertical well with a second 
horizontal well to be drilled thereafter.  If successful, the parties intend to increase their lease land position and 
to drill a three to five well delineation programme before moving on to infill drilling and further expansion.  The 
Company  considers  the  Texas  Gas  Project  to  be  an  attractive  high  impact  drill-ready  opportunity  where 
appraisal success will bring immediate gas sales utilizing surplus pipeline capacity in the region.   

Overall  the  Board  feels  that  the  Texas  Gas  Project  could  provide  a  highly  complementary  addition  to  the 
Company’s existing project at Coos Bay and together the expanded portfolio would provide investors exposure 
to perhaps the most exciting story in the energy space, the increasing importance of US natural gas and LNG 
to world markets.      

During the course of the year the Board underwent several changes with the focus being to bolster our presence 
in the UK where Curzon is listed, and to reduce overheads significantly.  Scott Kaintz joined the Board in June 
2018  and  was  subsequently  appointed  CEO  in  November  of  that  year.    Scott  brings  with  him  an  extensive 
background  of  running  small  cap  natural  resource  businesses  and  will  be  tasked  to  both  drive  the  projects 
forward while expanding our UK investor base.     

The Group incurred a loss of US$1,953,708 in the period ended 31 December 2018. The majority of this loss 
comprised expenditures in relation to the well testing and rework operations conducted at Coos Bay during the 
course of the year, as well as an impairment of US$575,316 reflecting specific investments into Coos Bay that 
may not prove part of the future plans for the project.     

With the first full year of trading now behind, I and my fellow Directors look forward to pursuing our US focused 
natural gas strategy with renewed vigour and look forward to updating shareholders on our further progress in 
due course.  

John McGoldrick 

Non-Executive Chairman 
29 April 2019 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Strategic Report 

Financial Results  

     Annual Report 2018 

The Company was formed in January 2016 to undertake acquisitions in the oil and gas sector.  During 
the year ended 31 December 2018, the Company primarily conducted gas exploration and extended well 
testing activities at Coos Bay while examining additional opportunities in the natural gas sector.   

The Group loss for the year to 31 December 2018 was US$1,953,708 (2017: US$1,833,381). There were 
no  revenues  and  the  majority  of  the  loss  related  to  Company  overheads  and  expenditures  related  to 
appraisal activities at Coos Bay.   

The loss per share was US$0.03 (2017: loss per share US$0.03). 

The  Group’s  cash  balances  at  the  end  of  2018  totalled  US$125,621  (2017:  US$1,595,035),  and  the 
Company’s cash and undrawn borrowing resources are considered sufficient to meet its obligations, in 
particular following  a significant reduction in corporate overheads and staffing implemented  during the 
latter half of 2018.  

Following  mixed  results  from  well  testing  operations  at  Coos  Bay,  the  Directors  are  now  focused  on 
acquiring a working interest in a Texas gas project and intend to reassess the Coos Bay results in 2018 
and then use that work to create revised go-forward plans.  As such an impairment loss of US$ 575,316 
has been recognized in the accounts to reflect that proportion of 2018 expenditure at Coos Bay that is not 
deemed likely to be viable for future development.   

The Board believes that the Company will be able to raise, as required, sufficient cash and/or reduce its 
commitments to enable it to continue these objectives, and to continue to meet, as and when they fall 
due,  its  liabilities  for  at  least  the  next  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  these  financial 
statements. The financial statements have, therefore, been prepared on the going concern basis. 

Following reductions made during 2018, the Group has 3 members of staff (including Directors). 

Principal activities 

The Company was incorporated in England and Wales on 29 January 2016 as an investment company 
to acquire oil and gas assets. Its first acquisition was of Coos Bay. The Directors have identified a second 
complementary gas project that they seek to acquire an interest in, and they expect to return to the market 
to acquire and/or raise funds for this and potentially other projects in the future.  

Coos  Bay  owns certain CBM and related  assets,  which  it  acquired  on 4  November 2016  by  acquiring 
Westport Energy Acquisition, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary Westport Energy LLC (the ‘US Group’) 
from Westport Energy Holdings Inc. (the “Acquisition”), a publicly held company trading on the OTC Pink 
Market. The US Group had been operating a CBM business in Coos Bay, Oregon for 6 years. At the time 
of  the  Acquisition,  the  US  Group’s  CBM  business  consisted  of  leases  covering  approximately  45,370 
acres in Coos Bay, Oregon.   

The  Group’s  business  continues  to  be  operated  through  the  US  Group,  with  a  focus  on  oil  and  gas 
exploration, appraisal and development, with an initial goal of determining the ultimate commerciality of 
the Coos Bay project, as well as progressing any other projects that may be acquired.   

The Company is a holding company with the following subsidiaries being part of the US Group: 

Name 

Country of 
Incorporation 

Proportion of 
equity 
ownership 

Principal activity 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Coos Bay Energy 
LLC 

Nevada, USA 

100% 

Gas Exploration & 
Development 

Westport Energy 
Acquisition, Inc. 

Westport Energy, 
LLC 

Delaware, USA 

100% 

Holding Company 

Delaware, USA 

100% 

Gas Exploration & 
Development 

Coos Bay LLC, which employs the Group’s employees and conducts operations in the Coos Bay Basin 
area,  is  held  directly  by  the  Company.  Its  two  indirectly  owned  subsidiaries  are  Westport  Energy 
Acquisition  Inc.  and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Westport  Energy  LLC,  which  are  held  by  Coos  Bay 
Energy LLC.     

Review of the business  

2018 saw the Company conducting extensive well testing operations at Coos Bay in Oregon where the 
gas flow rates proved inconsistent and inconclusive.  By the conclusion of the year the Company felt that 
the  observed  well  test  results  were  unlikely  to  be  representative  and  so  did  not  provide  an  accurate 
indication of the true commercial potential of the Coos Bay project.  Well re-entries appeared to stir up 
additional coal fines in the wellbores resulting in little net gains.  This was exacerbated by the fact that the 
wells tested were nearly ten years old and had been shut in for most of that period, had been drilled and 
completed by previous operators, and were largely not perforated in the coal horizons where the majority 
of the gas reserves are located.  

As such, the Company announced its intention to augment the Coos Bay project with a complementary 
project that offered significant multi-trillion cubic feet (“TCF”) of upside in an established oil and gas region 
in Texas, USA.  The Company proceeded to sign a memorandum of understanding in December 2018 
announcing its intention to pursue joint development of this project.    

Key performance indicators (KPIs) 

The Directors have identified the following key performance indicators (‘KPIs’) that the Company will track 
over 2019 and into future years. These will be refined and augmented as the Group’s business matures. 

The Directors consider that the KPIs are:  

i) 

ii) 

iii) 

iv) 

A well-funded business in terms of cash resources and operating cashflows; and 

Appraisal and drilling results of the Company’s projects,  

Entering production and then monitoring levels of production of gas and condensates; and 

Operating costs once in production.  

Principal Risks and Risk Management 

Exploration is an inherently high-risk business: 

•  Even the most promising prospects can have failures for many reasons, such as: 

o  The  gas  assets  may  not  be  found  in  commercial  quantities  if  there  are  errors  in  the 

underlying geological assumptions or analysis. 

o  Hydrocarbons may have been present but escaped due to unexpected geological events. 
o  The reservoir may not flow hydrocarbons at commercially viable rates of flow. 
o  The drilling may encounter technical problems which make it impossible or too expensive 

to reach the target. 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

o  The  ability  of  the  Group  to  exploit  and  develop  gas  reserves  depends  on  its  current 
leases. There is no guarantee that existing leases will be continued beyond their primary 
term or additional leases acquired on attractive terms. 

• 

The Company may take on commitments for which it then cannot find adequate funding. Although 
the Company can then potentially sell all or part of its assets: 

o  There is no guarantee it could find a buyer. 
o  Even if it does find a buyer, the transaction may take too long, and the Company’s cash 

resources may become exhausted. 

The Company’s risk mitigation strategies include the following: 

•  Partnering  with  key  experts  that  have  demonstrated  an  ability  to  determine  the  presence  or 

absence of hydrocarbons. 

•  Utilizing the Directors’ experience who have excellent technical, commercial or local knowledge 

as to where to locate assets. 

•  Securing the support of a number of key private shareholders, and actively pursuing other sources 

of funding. 

•  Utilizing third parties to assist with the management of currency risk. 

Corporate Responsibility 

The Company takes its responsibilities as a corporate citizen seriously. The Board’s primary goal is to 
create shareholder value but in a responsible way which serves all stakeholders. 

Governance 

The  Board  considers  sound  governance  as  a  critical  component  of  the  Company’s  success  and  the 
highest priority. The Company has an effective and engaged Board, with a strong non-executive presence 
drawn  from  diverse  backgrounds  and  with  well-functioning  governance  committees.  Through  the 
Company’s  compensation  policies  and  variable  components  of  employee  remuneration, 
the 
Remuneration  Committee  of  the  Board  seeks  to  ensure  that  the  Company’s  values  are  reinforced  in 
employee behaviour and that effective risk management is promoted.  

Analysis by Gender 

Category 

Directors 

Senior Managers 

Other Employees 

Male 

3 

0 

0 

Female 

0 

0 

0 

Employees and their development 

The Company is dependent upon the qualities and skills of its employees and their commitment plays a 
major  role  in  the  Company’s  business  success.  Employees’  performance  is  aligned  to  the  Company’s 
goals  through  an  annual  performance  review  process  and  via  incentive  programmes.  The  Company 
provides employees with information about its activities through regular briefings and other media. The 
Company operates a share option and warrant scheme operated at the discretion of the Remuneration 
Committee. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Diversity and inclusion 

     Annual Report 2018 

The Company does not discriminate on the grounds of age, gender, nationality, ethnic or racial origin, 
non-job-related-disability, sexual orientation or marital status. The Company gives due consideration to 
all applications and provides training and the opportunity for career development wherever possible. The 
Board does not support discrimination of any form, positive or negative, and all appointments are based 
solely on merit. 

Health and safety  

The Company endeavours to ensure that the working environment is safe and healthy and conducive to 
the wellbeing of employees who are able to balance work and family commitments. The Company has a 
Health and Safety at Work policy which is reviewed regularly by the Board and is committed to the health 
and safety of its employees and others who may be affected by the Company’s activities. The Company 
provides the information, instruction, training and supervision necessary to  ensure that employees are 
able to discharge their duties effectively. The Health and Safety procedures used by the Company ensure 
compliance  with  all  applicable  legal,  environmental  and  regulatory  requirements,  as  well  as  its  own 
internal standards. 

Outlook  

The  Company’s  near-term  goals  are  to  develop  the  business  through  the  acquisition  of  a  meaningful 
interest  in  the  Texas  gas  project  currently  identified,  while  reassessing  the  way  forward  at  Coos  Bay 
through a top-down clean-slate review process. 

While the performance of the inherited wells at Coos Bay was disappointing during 2018, the fact that the 
Company did not drill its own wells nor conduct an industry standard appraisal programme indicates that 
the  commerciality  of  the  field  cannot  yet  be  definitively  determined.    With  significant  gas  reserves 
previously identified at Coos Bay, the Board believes that a detailed review of all the technical data and 
operational activities to date by both third parties historically and by the Company over the last year, will 
provided insightful guidance for all future work programmes at the Coos Bay project.    

In Texas, the Company remains very excited by the potential to take part in near-term drilling of a high-
impact multi-TCF conventional gas appraisal programme.  The major attraction of the Texas gas project 
stems  from  the  substantial  upside  potential  expected  from  the  application  of  modern  drilling  and 
completion methods that have been highly successful in regional analogues throughout the Texas Gulf 
Coast and across the border into Mexico, to the project and the surrounding area, that continue to apply 
traditional  drilling  methods  and  have  not  seen  any  substantial  changes  in  these  techniques  for  many 
years.  The Board also feels the Texas gas project is complementary to its existing CBM asset at Coos 
Bay. 

Together the proposed Texas gas project and Coos Bay offer Curzon’s investors exposure to the rise of 
natural gas as the ideal transition fuel to a decarbonized future, and both its production, and now major 
gas exports on a wide scale from the United States in the form of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”).  These 
developments have clearly impacted world gas markets and the continued growth of LNG exports from 
the US is expected to have many positive effects from changing the way gas is priced both in the US and 
abroad to reducing European reliance on Russia and other potentially politicised supplies.  Curzon’s gas 
focus positions it to benefit from these significant ongoing energy developments over the coming years.   

Signed by order of the Board. 

Scott Kaintz 
Chief Executive Officer 
29 April 2019 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Directors Report for the period ended 31 December 2018 

The Directors present their report on the Company, together with the audited financial statements of the 
Company for the year ended 31 December 2018.  

Cautionary statement 

The review of the business and its future development in the Strategic Report has been prepared solely 
to provide additional information to shareholders to assess the Company’s strategies and the potential for 
these  strategies  to  succeed.  It  should  not  be  relied  on  by  any  other  party  for  any  other  purpose.  The 
review  contains  forward  looking  statements  which  are  made  by  the  Directors  in  good  faith  based  on 
information  available  to  them  up  to  the  time  of  the  approval  of  the  reports  and  should  be  treated  with 
caution due to the inherent uncertainties associated with such statements 

Results and dividends 

Given the nature of the business and its development strategy, it is unlikely that the Board will recommend 
a dividend in the next few years. The Directors believe the Company should seek to re-invest any profits 
to fund the Company’s growth strategy over the short- and medium-term horizons. 

Directors’ insurance and indemnities  
The  Directors  have  the  benefit  of  the  indemnity  provisions  contained  in  the  Company’s  Articles  of 
Association  (‘Articles’),  and  the  Company  has  maintained  throughout  the  year  Directors’  and  officers’ 
liability insurance for the benefit of the Company, the Directors and its officers. The Company has entered 
into qualifying third-party indemnity arrangements for the benefit of all its Directors in a form and scope 
which comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and which were in force throughout the 
year and remain in force. 

Business review and future developments  
Details of the business activities and developments made during the period can be found in the Strategic 
Report and in note 1 to the Financial Statements respectively. 

Disclosure of information to auditor  
The Directors who held office at the date of approval of this Directors’ report confirm that, so far as they 
are each aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and 
each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director to make himself aware of 
any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information. 

Financial instruments and risk management 

Disclosures regarding financial instruments are provided within note 20 to the Financial Statements. 

Capital structure and issue of shares 

Details of the Company’s share capital, together with details of the movements during the period are set 
out in note 17 to the Financial Statements. The Company has one class of Ordinary Shares which carry 
no right to fixed income.  

Post balance sheet events 

On 1 March 2019 the Company announced the placing of 6,012,655 new ordinary shares of £0.01 each 
at a price of £0.0158 per share.  Investors in these shares also received 1 warrant for every 2 placing 
shares purchased exerciseable into ordinary shares at a price of £0.0158 per ordinary share for a period 
of twenty four months following the placing.  The gross proceeds raised from the placing were £95,000.   

The Company further announced that YA Global Investments, an entity related to the Company’s largest 
shareholder, would commence a draw down of a matching amount to the completed placing.  At the time 
of the annoucement $900,000 was undrawn on the $1,000,000 facility. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Post balance sheet events (continued) 

     Annual Report 2018 

On 16 April 2019 the Company signed an amendment letter with YA Global Investment, LP, in which the 
parties agreed that in respect of the first tranche of $100,000, and in respect of any further tranches to be 
drawn down, the Company shall pay the total principle amount outstanding on the last business day of 
October 2020.   

On  15  March  2019  the  Company  announced  that  Brian  Kinane  had  resigned  as  a  Director  of  the 
Company.   

Directors  

The Directors of the Company who have served during the period and at the date of this report are: 

Director 

Role 

John McGoldrick 

Chairman and Non-Executive 
Director 

Date of 
appointment 

Date of 
Resignation 

Board 
Committee 

4/10/2017 

N, R, A 

Scott Kaintz 

Executive Director 

27/06/2018 

Stephen Schoepfer 

Executive Director 

29/01/2016 

06/11/2018 

Thomas Mazzarisi 

Executive Director 

29/01/2016 

06/11/2018 

Thomas Wagenhofer 

Executive Director 

27/09/2016 

06/11/2018 

Brian Kinane 

Non-Executive Director 

29/01/2016 

15/03/2019 

Owen May 

Non-Executive Director 

27/09/2016 

N, R, A 

Board  Committee  abbreviations  are  as  follows:  N  =  Nomination  Committee;  A  =  Audit  and  Risk 
Committee; R = Remuneration Committee 

Board of Directors 

Details of the current Directors and their backgrounds are as follows: 

John McGoldrick    (Chairman and Non-Executive Director, aged 61)  

John McGoldrick has over thirty years of experience in a variety of senior management roles, notably at 
Enterprise Oil where he was responsible for its US operations up until Shell’s takeover in 2002. Since 
then  Mr.  McGoldrick  has  served  as  executive  chairman  of  Caza  Oil  &  Gas  Inc.  (formerly  Falcon  Bay 
Energy  LLC),  a  US  onshore  exploration  and  production  company,  which  went  public  in  Toronto  and 
London in 2007, becoming non-executive chairman in 2010. From 2008 to 2013, Mr. McGoldrick was a 
non-executive director of Vanguard Natural Resources LLC, a NYSE-listed Oil & Gas company focused 
on  the  US.  In  January  2012  Mr.  McGoldrick  joined  Dart  Energy  International  as  CEO,  subsequently 
becoming CEO of Dart Energy in March 2013. He held this post until Dart Energy’s takeover by IGas at 
the  end  of  2014.  Mr.  McGoldrick  holds  a  Bachelor  of  Engineering  in  Chemical  Engineering  with 
Management Economics from University of Bradford. 

Scott Kaintz    (Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer, aged 41)  

Scott  has  extensive  experience  leading,  funding  and  operating  publicly  traded  natural  resource 
exploration and development businesses on the London markets.  He started his career as a US Air Force 
Officer working across Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia.  He subsequently held managerial and 
technology roles in the defence sector in Europe before transitioning to corporate finance and investment 
positions focused primarily on capital raising and making debt and equity investments in small-cap listed 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

companies.   Scott  has  significant  experience  in  emerging  markets,  with  a  particular  emphasis  on  the 
countries of the former Soviet Union.  Scott holds a BSLA in Russian language and Russian Area Studies 
from  Georgetown  University  as  well  as  MBA  degrees  from  Columbia  Business  School  and  London 
Business School.  He is also a Director of Regency Mines Plc and Red Rock Resources Plc. 

Owen May     (Non-Executive Director, aged 58)  

Mr. Owen May is an American banker with over 30 years of experience on Wall Street. He currently serves 
as  a  Managing  Director  of  MD  Global  Partners,  a  full-service  investment-banking  firm,  and  is  actively 
involved in a broad range of investment activities in Israel, China, and Europe.  

Mr. May started his career at Lehman Brothers as a Financial Advisor in the high net worth division in 
1985. After leaving Lehman Brothers in 1989, Mr. May joined D.H. Blair & Co., a small boutique firm on 
Wall Street.  

In 1993, Mr May went on to establish May Davis Group, a full-service investment banking firm on Wall 
Street  that  offered  a  full  range  of  investment  banking,  research,  sales,  trading  and  retail  brokerage 
services. The firm had offices in New York and Baltimore, and catered to a niche clientele, mainly small 
to middle-sized firms that were too small to gain access to large investment banking services.   

In  2007  Mr.  May  established  MD  Global  Partners  LLC,  a  firm  that  specializes  in  corporate  finance, 
mergers & acquisitions, restructuring and business development.  

Mr. May has been involved in advising, restructuring and taking public many biotech firms and is actively 
seeking investment opportunities in start-up companies in the medical science sector, especially in Israel.  
In  2013,  Mr  May  acted  as  an  advisor  to  IntelliCell  Biosciences  Inc,  a  regenerative  medicine  company 
utilizing adult autologous vascular fraction cells (SVFCs) derived from the blood vessels in lipoaspirate, 
to advise on the company's restructuring, corporate positioning, and strategic opportunities. 

Following his undergraduate degree in Biology at University of Miami, Mr. May earned an MBA in Finance 
from Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business, where he currently sits on the Board of Visitors and 
offers career coaching and opportunities to programme participants. He also continues to hold a position 
on the President’s Council for the University of Miami.  

Directors’ interests in shares  
Directors’ interests in the shares of the Company at the date of this report are disclosed below.  

Director 

Ordinary shares held 

% held 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

316,455 

949,367 

- 

0.38 

1.14 

- 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Substantial interests 

     Annual Report 2018 

As at 17 April 2019, the Company has been advised of the following significant interests (greater than 
3%) in its ordinary share capital: 

Shareholder 

Ordinary shares held 

% held 

Jim Nominees Limited 

Regency Mines PLC 

Queensbury Inc 

55,889,763 

6,467,500 

4,000,000 

67.31 

7.79 

4.82 

Except as referred to above, the Directors are not aware of any person who was interested in 3% or more 
of  the  issued  share  capital  of  the  Company  or  could  directly  or  indirectly,  jointly  or  severally,  exercise 
control. 

Corporate Governance 

As a Company listed on the Standard Segment of the Official List of the UK Listing Authority, the Company 
is not required to comply with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code. However, the Board 
is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and, so far as appropriate given the 
Company’s  size  and  the  constitution  of  the  Board  and  complies  with  the  Corporate  Governance 
Guidelines for Small and Mid-Sized Companies (the “QCA Code”). 

The Board 

The  Board  currently  comprises  one  executive  Director  and  two  non-executive  Directors.  The  Board  is 
ultimately responsible for the day-to-day management of the Company’s business, its strategy and key 
policies. Members of the Board are appointed by the Shareholders. The Board also has power to appoint 
additional directors, subject to such appointments being approved by  Shareholders. At least six board 
meetings are held per year.  

Director 

Number of Meetings Held 
During Tenure 

Number of Meetings Attended 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Steven Schoepfer 

Thomas Mazzarisi  

Thomas Wagenhofer  

Brian Kinane 

Owen May 

8 

4 

6 

6 

6 

8 

8 

8 

4 

6 

6 

6 

8 

8 

As  prescribed  by  the  QCA  Code,  the  Board  has  established  three  committees:  An  Audit  and  Risk 
Committee, a Remuneration Committee and a Nomination Committee. 

Each of the committees were formed on admission of the Company to the Standard Listing Segment on 
4 October 2017. The Audit and Risk Committee and the Remuneration Committees have met once each 
during 2018. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Audit and Risk Committee  

     Annual Report 2018 

The  Audit  and  Risk  Committee,  which  comprises  John  McGoldrick  and  Owen  May,  is  responsible, 
amongst  other  things,  for  monitoring  the  Group’s  financial  reporting,  external  and  internal  audits  and 
controls, including reviewing and monitoring the integrity of the Group’s annual and half-yearly financial 
statements,  reviewing  and  monitoring  the  extent  of  non-audit  work  undertaken  by  external  auditors, 
advising  on the  appointment of  external  auditors, overseeing the Group’s relationship  with its external 
auditors, reviewing the effectiveness of the external audit process and reviewing the effectiveness of the 
Group’s internal control review function. The ultimate responsibility for reviewing and approving the annual 
report and accounts and the half-yearly reports remains with the Board. The Audit and Risk Committee 
gives due consideration to laws and regulations, the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code 
and the requirements of the Listing Rules. The Audit and Risk Committee shall meet at least once a year 
at appropriate intervals in the financial reporting and audit cycle and otherwise as required.  

Remuneration Committee 

The  Remuneration  Committee,  which  comprises  John  McGoldrick  and  Owen  May,  is  responsible, 
amongst other things, for assisting the Board in determining its responsibilities in relation to remuneration, 
including making recommendations to the  Board on  the Company’s policy  on executive remuneration, 
including  setting  the  parameters  and  governance  framework  of  the  Group’s  remuneration  policy  and 
determining  the  individual  remuneration  and  benefits  package  of  each  of  the  Company’s  Executive 
Directors and the Group. It is also responsible for approving the rules and basis for participation in any 
performance  related  pay-schemes,  share  incentive  schemes  and  obtaining  reliable  and  up-to-date 
information about remuneration in other companies.  The Remuneration  Committee shall meet at least 
once a year. 

Nomination Committee 

The Nomination Committee, which comprises John McGoldrick as Chairman and Owen May, will identify 
and nominate, for the approval of the Board, candidates to fill Board vacancies as and when they arise. 
The Nominations Committee will meet as required. 

Share dealing policy 

The Company has adopted a share dealing policy which sets out the requirements and procedures for 
dealings  in  any  of  its  listed  securities.  The  share  dealing  policy  applies  widely  to  the  Directors  of  the 
Company and its subsidiaries, the Company’s employees and person closely associated with them. The 
policy complies with the Market Abuse Regulations, which came into effect on 3 July 2016.   

Dividend policy 

The objective of the Directors is the achievement of substantial capital growth.  In the short-term they do 
not intend to declare a dividend. 

Anti-bribery and corruption policy 

The Company has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy which applies to the Directors and all 
employees  of  the  Company.  The  Directors  believe  that  the  Group,  through  its  internal  controls,  has 
appropriate procedures in place to reduce the risk of bribery and that all employees, agents, consultants 
and  associated  persons  are  made  fully  aware  of  the  Group’s  policies  and  procedures  with  respect  to 
ethical behaviour, business conduct and transparency.  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Health and safety 
The safety of the Group’s employees and contractors is critical to its operations. Coos Bay requires its 
contractors working on site to comply with all applicable laws in connection with the performance of its 
work,  including  applicable  requirements  of  the  Occupational  Health  and  Safety  Act  and  the  rules 
promulgated thereunder (OSHA). As Coos Bay currently maintains no employees and almost all work on 
site is performed by independent contractors, Coos Bay has not developed any formal safety procedures 
or training programs beyond those that may be required by OSHA or other applicable laws. The Board 
intends to review Coos Bay’s health and safety practices from time-to-time to ensure that they remain 
consistent with current industry standards. 

Relations with shareholders 
As detailed further below, the Directors seek to build on a mutual understanding of objectives between 
the  Company  and  its  shareholders  by  meeting  to  discuss  long  term  issues  and  receive  feedback, 
communicating regularly throughout the year and issuing trading updates as appropriate. The Board also 
seeks to use the Annual General Meeting to communicate with its shareholders.  

Fair, balanced and understandable assessment of position and prospects 
The Board has shown its commitment to presenting fair, balanced and comprehensible assessments of 
the Company’s position and prospects by providing comprehensive disclosures within the financial report 
in relation to its activities. The Board has applied the principles of good governance relating to Directors’ 
remuneration as described below. The Board has determined that there are no specific issues which need 
to be brought to the attention of shareholders.  

Remuneration strategy 
The  Company  operates  in  a  competitive  market.  If  it  is  to  compete  successfully,  it  is  essential  that  it 
attracts,  develops  and  retains  high  quality  staff.  Remuneration  policy  has  an  important  part  to  play  in 
achieving  this  objective.  The  Company  aims  to  offer  its  staff  a  remuneration  package  which  is  both 
competitive  in  the  relevant  employment  market  and  which  reflects  individual  performance  and 
contribution.  

Share options and warrants 

Certain Directors have interests in these as follows: 

Name 

Number of 
Options 
Warrants  

Exercise 
Price  

or 

Vesting 

Expiry Date 

John McGoldrick 

John McGoldrick 

John McGoldrick 

280,854 

280,854 
280,854 

£0.10 

£0.15 

£0.30 

4 Oct 2018 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2019 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2020 

4 Oct 2022 

Communication with shareholders 

The Board attaches great importance to communication with both institutional and private shareholders. 

Regular communication is maintained with all shareholders through Company announcements, the half-
year Statement and the Annual Report and financial statements. 

The  Directors  seek  to  build  on  a  mutual  understanding  of  objectives  between  the  Company  and  its 
shareholders.  Institutional  shareholders  are  in  contact  with  the  Directors  through  presentations  and 
meetings to discuss issues and to give feedback regularly throughout the year. With private shareholders, 
this is not always practical.  

The Board therefore intends to use the Company’s Annual General Meeting as the opportunity to meet 
private shareholders who are encouraged to attend, and at which the Board will give a presentation on 
the activities of the Company.  

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Following  the  presentation  there  will  be  an  opportunity  to  meet  and  ask  questions  of  Directors  and  to 
discuss development of the business. 

The Company operates a website at http://www.curzonenergy.com/investor-relations 

The website  contains  details  of  the  company  and  its  activities;  regulatory  announcements,  Company 
announcements, interim statements, preliminary statements and annual reports.  

Greenhouse gas emissions 

The Group has as yet minimal greenhouse gas emissions to report from the operations of the Company 
and its subsidiaries and does not have responsibility for any other emission producing sources under the 
Companies Act 2006 (Strategic report and Directors report) Regulations 2014. 

Financial Risk Management 

The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks including currency risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. 
Some of the objectives and policies applied by management to mitigate these risks are outlined in note 
20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Ordinary Share Capital 

The Company’s Ordinary Shares of £0.01 per share represent 100% of its total share capital. At a 
meeting of the Company every member present in person or by proxy shall have one vote for every 
Ordinary Share of which he is the holder. Holders of Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive dividends.  

On a winding-up or other return of capital, holders are entitled to share in any surplus assets pro rata to 
the amount paid up on their Ordinary Shares.  The shares are not redeemable at the option of either the 
Company or the holder.  There are no restrictions on the transfer of shares. 

Independent auditors  

During the year, Crowe U.K. LLP was re-appointed as auditor to the Company.  

Provision of information to auditors 
Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed 
that: 

• 

so  far  as  that  Director  is  aware,  there  is  no  information  relevant  to  the  audit  of  which  the 
Company's auditors are unaware, and; 

•  each Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be 
aware of any information needed by the Company's auditors in connection with preparing their 
report and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information. 

Signed by order of the board 

Scott Kaintz 
29 April 2019 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Remuneration Report  

     Annual Report 2018 

The Board of Directors has established a Remuneration Committee. The Remuneration Committee (the 
‘Committee’) comprises our two non-executive directors, John McGoldrick and Owen May. 

The members of the Remuneration Committee have the necessary experience of executive compensation 
matters relevant to their responsibilities as members of such a committee  by  virtue  of their respective 
professions,  contacts  within  the  minerals  industry  as  well  as  experience  in  the  broader  business 
community. In addition, each member of the Remuneration Committee keeps abreast on a regular basis 
of  trends  and  developments  affecting  executive  compensation.  Accordingly,  it  is  considered  that  the 
Remuneration  Committee  has  sufficient  experience  and  knowledge  to  set  appropriate  levels  of 
compensation. Neither the Company nor the Remuneration Committee engaged independent consultants 
to evaluate the levels of compensation during the year ended 31 December 2018. 

Committee’s Main Responsibility 

The Remuneration Committee is responsible, amongst other things, for assisting the Board in determining 
its responsibilities  in relation to remuneration, including making recommendations to  the  Board on the 
Company’s  policy  on  executive  remuneration,  including  setting  the  parameters  and  governance 
framework of the Group’s remuneration policy and determining the individual remuneration and benefits 
package for the Company’s Executive Directors and the Group. It is also responsible for approving the 
rules and basis for participation in any performance related pay-schemes, share incentive schemes and 
obtaining  reliable  and  up-to-date 
in  other  companies.  The 
recommendations  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  are  submitted  to  the  independent  members  of  the 
Board of Directors for consideration and approval. The Remuneration Committee shall meet at least once 
a year. 

information  about  remuneration 

Statement of Policy on Directors’ Remuneration 

The  Company’s  policy  is  to  set  remuneration  to  attract  and  retain  the  highest  quality  of  directors  and 
senior executives, and to: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

align their interests with shareholders’, 
avoid incentivising excessive risk taking by executives, 
be proportionate to the contribution of the individuals concerned, and 
be sensitive to pay and employment conditions elsewhere in the group. 

The  Company  is  at  an  early  stage  of  development.  As  a  result,  the  use  of  traditional  performance 
standards,  such  as  corporate  profitability,  is  not  considered  by  the  Remuneration  Committee  to  be 
appropriate in the evaluation of corporate or directors’ performance. Discretionary bonuses may be paid 
to aid staff retention and reward performance. 

The Company provides executive directors with base fees which represent their minimum compensation 
for services rendered during the financial year. The base fees of directors and senior executives depend 
on the scope of their experience, responsibilities, and performance. 

The  Remuneration  Committee  has  considered  the  risk  implications  of  the  Company’s  compensation 
policies and practices and has concluded that there is no appreciable risk associated with such policies 
and practices since such policies and practices do not have the potential of encouraging an executive 
officer or other applicable individual to take on any undue risk or to otherwise expose the Company to 
inappropriate or excessive risks. Furthermore, although the Company does not have in place any specific 
prohibitions  preventing  executives  from  purchasing  financial  instruments,  including  prepaid  variable 
forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, or units of exchange funds that are designed to hedge or offset 
a decrease in market value of options or other equity securities of the Company granted in compensation 
or held directly or indirectly, by the director, the Company is unaware of the purchase of any such financial 
instruments by any director. 

The Company does not anticipate making any significant changes to its compensation policies and 
practices during 2019. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Directors’ Remuneration 

     Annual Report 2018 

The Directors who held office at 31 December 2018 and who had beneficial interests in the ordinary 
shares of the Company are summarized as follows: 

Name of Director 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Directors’ service contracts 

Position 

Chairman, Non-Executive Director  

Chief Executive Officer, Executive Director 

John McGoldrick was appointed by the Company with effect from Admission to act as Chairman and a 
Non-Executive  Director  of  the  Company  under  a  letter  of  appointment  dated  04  October  2017.  His 
appointment is for an initial term of 36 months and is terminable on three months’ written notice on either 
side. He is entitled to a fee of £50,000 per annum. 

Owen May was appointed as a Director on 27 September 2016. He has been appointed to act as a Non-
Executive Director of the Company pursuant to a letter of appointment with the Company dated 23 May 
2017,  which  takes  effect  on  Admission.  His  appointment  is  for  an  initial  term  of  36  months  and  is 
terminable on three months’ written notice on either side. He is entitled to a fee determined by the Board 
of up to £10,000 per annum. 

Scott Kaintz was appointed as a Director on 27 June 2018.  He was appointed to act as an Executive 
Director and Chief Executive officer as of 5 November 2018.  His appointment is for an initial term of 12 
months and continues thereafter until terminated by either party giving four months written notice.  He is 
entitled to a fee of £75,000 per annum.     

Summary Compensation Table (audited) 

The following table sets forth the compensation awarded, paid to or earned by each director during 2018: 

2018 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

Brian James Kinane 

Thomas Wagenhofer 

Thomas Mazzarisi 

Stephen Schoepfer 

Total directors’ compensation 

Directors’ 
fees 
US$ 

67,178 

16,148 

- 

- 

97,407 

103,333 

103,333 

387,399 

Social  
security  
costs 
US$ 

- 

1,968 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1,968 

Total cash-
compensation 
 US$ 

67,178 

18,116 

- 

- 

97,407 

103,333 

103,333 

389,367 

Share-based 

Payments (options)    

US$ 

37,149 

- 

- 

74,891 

149,828 

38,750 

38,750 

339,368 

Total 
compensation 
US$ 

104,327 

18,116 

- 

74,891 

247,235 

142,083 

142,083 

728,735 

In 2018, John McGoldrick had through agreement with the Company agreed to defer payment of his 
2018 director’s compensation, which at 31 December 2018 totalled £50,000 (US$67,178).   

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Summary Compensation Table (audited) 

     Annual Report 2018 

Directors’ 
fees 
US$ 

16,111 

- 

- 

- 

93,052 

182,000 

182,000 

473,163 

Social  
security  
costs 
US$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total cash-
compensation 
 US$ 

16,111 

- 

- 

- 

93,052 

182,000 

182,000 

473,163 

Share-based 

Payments (options)    

US$ 

20,250 

- 

- 

30,366 

60,751 

- 

- 

111,367 

Total 
compensation 
US$ 

36,361 

- 

- 

30,366 

153,803 

182,000 

182,000 

584,530 

2017 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

Brian James Kinane 

Thomas Wagenhofer 

Thomas Mazzarisi 

Stephen Schoepfer 

Total directors’ compensation 

Share-Based Awards (audited) 

The Company has awarded the following share options to the Directors of the Company in accordance 
with its share option plan: 

Director 

John McGoldrick 

John McGoldrick 

John McGoldrick 

Number of 
Options or 
Warrants  

Exercise 
Price  

Vesting 

Expiry Date 

280,854 

£0.10 

10 Apr 2018 

10 Apr 2022 

280,854 

£0.15 

10 Apr 2019 

10 Apr 2022 

280,854 

£0.30 

10 Apr 2020 

10 Apr 2022 

The exercise price of the awards exceeded the average share price for the period. 

There were no awards of annual bonuses or incentive arrangements in the period. All remuneration was 
therefore fixed in nature and no illustrative table of the application of remuneration policy has been 
included in this report. 

Directors’ interests in shares (audited) 
Directors’ interests in the shares of the Company at the date of this report are disclosed below.  

Director 

Ordinary shares held 

% held 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

Other Matters subject to audit 

316,455 

949,367 

- 

0.38 

1.14 

- 

The  Company  does  not  currently  have  any  pension  plans  for  any  of  the  Directors  and  does  not  pay 
pension amounts in relation to their remuneration. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

On 5 November 2018 the Company agreed to terminate the existing consultant agreements with Steven 
Schoepfer  (4  Sea-Sons  LLC)  and  Thomas  J  Mazzarisi  (M10  Ventures  LLC).    In  consideration  for  this 
termination both Directors agreed to resign from various positions including their Directorships at Curzon 
Energy PLC, and to release the Company from all claims for other consideration they may have had.  In 
exchange  for  execution  of  this  agreement,  the  Company  agreed  to  allow  them  to  subscribe  for  the 
purchase  of  1,500,000  ordinary  shares,  with  each  third  of  this  total  available  at  prices  from  £0.10  per 
share, £0.15 per share and £0.20 per share.    

No payments were made for loss of office during the year. 

Other Matters 

The Company does not currently have any annual or long-term incentive schemes in place for any of the 
Directors and as such there are no disclosures in this respect. 

The performance of the Remuneration Committee is yet to be assessed given the short time frame that it 
has been operational. 

No  performance  graph  has  been  included  here  as  the  Company  is  in  the  early  stages  of  its  business 
development. 

Signed 

John McGoldrick  
Chairman of the Remuneration Committee 
29 April 2019 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Statement  of  Directors’  Responsibilities  in  respect  of  the  Strategic  Report,  the 
Directors’ Report and the Financial Statements 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and the Financial 
Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.   

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that 
law they have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
EU and applicable law.   

Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company 
for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:   

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;   

•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;   

• 

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU; and   

•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that 

the Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and 
explain  the  Company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial 
position  of  the  Company  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the 
Companies Act 2006. They have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to 
them to safeguard the assets of the Company and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.   

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information 
included on the Company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination 
of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

We confirm that to the best of our knowledge: 

• 

• 

the financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as 
adopted by the EU, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or 
loss of the company; 
the Directors report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and 
the position of the company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that 
they face. 

By Order of the Board 

Scott Kaintz, Director  
29 April 2019 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Curzon Energy Plc   

Opinion  

We have  audited the consolidated financial statements of Curzon  Energy  Plc and  its subsidiaries (the 
“Group”)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2018  which  comprise  the  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive income, the consolidated and company statements of financial position, the consolidated 
and company statements of cash flows, the consolidated and company statements of changes in equity 
and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. 

In our opinion: 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and company’s affairs 
as at 31 December 2018 and of its loss for the year then ended; 

•  have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as 

• 

• 

adopted by the European Union; 
the  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006; and 
the  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion  

We conducted  our  audit  in accordance  with International Standards on  Auditing  (UK) (ISAs (UK))  and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the 
Company  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements  in  the  UK,  including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities  in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have 
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We  draw  attention  to  note  2  to  the  financial  statements,  which  details  the  factors  the  company  has 
considered when assessing the going concern position. As detailed in note 2, the uncertainty surrounding 
the  availability  of  funds  to  finance  ongoing  working  capital  requirements  indicates  the  existence  of  a 
material  uncertainty  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.   

Overview of our audit approach 

Materiality 

In planning and performing our audit we applied the concept of materiality. An item is considered material 
if it could reasonably be expected to change the economic decisions of a user of the financial statements. 
We used the concept of materiality to both focus our testing and to evaluate the impact of misstatements 
identified. 

Based on our professional judgement, we determined overall materiality for the financial statements as a 
whole to be $55,000, based on 2% of gross assets.  

We use a different level of materiality (‘performance materiality’) to determine the extent of our testing for 
the  audit  of  the  financial  statements.    Performance materiality  is  set  based  on  the  audit  materiality  as 
adjusted for the judgements made as to the entity risk and our evaluation of the specific risk of each audit 
area having regard to the internal control environment.   

Where  considered  appropriate  performance  materiality  may  be  reduced  to  a  lower  level,  such  as,  for 
related party transactions and directors’ remuneration. 

We agreed with the Audit Committee to report to it all identified errors in excess of £3,000. Errors below 
that  threshold  would  also  be  reported  to  it  if,  in  our  opinion  as  auditor,  disclosure  was  required  on 
qualitative grounds. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Overview of the scope of our audit 

     Annual Report 2018 

There are two components of the Group, Curzon Energy Plc as an entity and the US Group headed by 
Coos  Bay  Energy  LLC.  The  audit  of  Curzon  Energy  Plc  was  conducted  from  the  UK.  The  accounting 
records were provided to us by management. The company engaged a US firm to undertake the audit 
work on the US group. The specified audit procedures were performed under our direction. We issued 
instructions to the US firm that detailed the significant risks to be addressed through the audit procedures 
and  indicated  the  information  we  required  to  be  reported.  We  reviewed  their  working  papers  and 
discussed key findings.  

Key Audit Matters 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which 
had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing 
the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These matters  were  addressed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  of  the 
financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate 
opinion on these matters. 

This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit. 

Key audit matter 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit 
matter 

Valuation of Intangible assets 

We 
reviewed  management’s  assessment  which 
concluded that no further impairment charge was required. 

The group’s primary focus is on exploration 
activities  in  the  Coos  Bay  Basin.  The 
exploration  assets  at  31  December  2018 
totalled $2.6m and an impairment of $0.6m 
was  recognised  in  the  year  in  relation  to 
unsuccessful exploration costs capitalised in 
the period. 

impairment 
risk 
the 

recognised  we 
Given 
the 
considered 
residual 
intangible  assets  relating  to  the  Coos  Bay 
Basin was impaired. 

that 

the 

In considering this assessment we reviewed the following 
sources of evidence: 

•  The primary lease agreement in place supporting the 

company’s right of extraction; 

•  The  Competent  Persons  Report  (CPR)  that  formed 

the basis of the valuation; 

•  Board minutes,  budgets  and other  operational  plans 
relating to the commercial appraisal of the asset; 
•  Compared  the  valuation  methodology  to  the  prior 
year’s  approach  and  the  independent  third  party 
valuation commissioned in 2017; 

•  Assessed  the  reasonability  of  the  inputs  and  key 
underlying  assumptions,  challenging  management’s 
inputs  and  assessing  the  impact  of  independently 
derived inputs on the valuation model; 

•  Discussed plans and intentions with management. 
We  also  considered 
disclosure. 

the  appropriateness  of 

the 

Key observations 

We reviewed the valuation methodology and concur that 
it is consistent with that used in prior years. We assessed 
the  key  inputs  and  assumptions  used  in  the  valuation 
model and consider them to be reasonable.  

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Our  audit  procedures  in  relation  to  this  matter  were  designed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  opinion  as  a 
whole. They were not designed to enable us to express an opinion on these matters individually and we 
express no such opinion. 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our 
opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  except  to  the  extent 
otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we 
identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine 
whether there  is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the 
other  information.  If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a  material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in 
accordance with the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit  

• 

• 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which 
the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the directors’ report and strategic report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

In light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report 
or the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us 
to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the company, or returns adequate for our 

audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

• 

• 

the financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not in 
agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit 

Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 17, the directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation 
of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, 
they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of 
these financial statements. 
We designed our audit approach to be capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud. In particular: 
We  gained  an  understanding  of  the  legal  and  regulatory  framework  applicable  to  the  Group  and 
considered the risk of acts by the Group which were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including 
fraud.  
We designed audit procedures to respond to the risk, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material 
misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may 
involve deliberate concealment 
Our  tests  included,  but  were  not  limited  to:  review  of  the  financial  statement  disclosures  to  underlying 
supporting  documentation  and  enquiries  of  management.  There  are  inherent  limitations  in  the  audit 
procedures described above and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from 
the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware 
of it. 
We did not identify any key audit matters relating to irregularities, including fraud. As in all of our audits 
we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including testing journals and 
evaluating  whether  there  was  evidence  of  bias  by  the  directors  that  represented  a  risk  of  material 
misstatement due to fraud. 
A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms 
part of our auditor’s report. 

Other matters which we are required to address 

We were appointed by the Board on 26 March 2019 to audit the financial statements for the year ended 
31 December 2018. Our total uninterrupted period of engagement is 3 years, covering the period ended 
31 December 2016 to 31 December 2018. 
The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the company and 
we remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting our audit. 
Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee. 

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 
16  of  the  Companies  Act  2006.  Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the 
company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other 
purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other 
than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed. 

Matthew Stallabrass 
Senior Statutory Auditor 
For and on behalf of 

Crowe U.K. LLP 
Statutory Auditor 

London 

29 April 2019 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 
for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Note 

6 

7 

10 

4 
8 

Well field expenses 
Administrative expenses 

Loss from operations 
Finance expense, net 
Impairment of exploration and evaluation 
assets 
Other income 

Loss before taxation 
Income tax expense 
Loss for the year attributable to 
equity holders of the parent company 

Other comprehensive income/(expense) 
Gain/(loss) on translation of parent net assets 
and results from functional currency into 
presentation currency 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

2018 

US$ 

2017 

US$ 

- 
(1,363,949) 

(293,867) 
(1,662,619) 

(1,363,949) 
(14,443) 

(1,956,486) 
(102,288) 

(575,316) 
- 

- 
225,393 

(1,953,708) 
- 

(1,833,381) 
- 

(1,953,708) 

(1,833,381) 

(70,245) 

44,624 

(2,023,953) 

(1,788,757) 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted, US$ 

9 

(0.03) 

(0.03) 

The notes on pages 26 to 58 form part of these financial statements 

22 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Consolidated statements of financial position 
as at 31 December 2018 

     Annual Report 2018 

Note 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

10 
12 

13 
14 

15 
16 

17 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Intangible assets 
Restricted cash 
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Prepayments and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Capital and reserves attributable to 
shareholders 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Share-based payments reserve 
Warrants reserve 
Merger reserve 
Foreign currency translation reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Total capital and reserves 
Total equity and liabilities 

2,559,000 
125,000 
2,684,000 

2,559,000 
125,440 
2,684,440 

36,157 
125,621 
161,778 

2,845,778 

148,616 
1,595,035 
1,743,651 

4,428,091 

506,894 
213,812 
720,706 

463,413 
578,599 
1,042,012 

720,706 

1,042,012 

1,024,036 
3,563,122 
454,026 
191,011 
31,212,041 
(63,774) 
(34,255,390) 
2,125,072 

964,575 
3,199,004 
114,659 
191,011 
31,212,041 
6,471 
(32,301,682) 
3,386,079 

2,845,778 

4,428,091 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 29 April 
2019 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Scott Kaintz 
Director 

The notes on pages 26 to 58 form part of these financial statements. 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Consolidated statements of changes in equity 

     Annual Report 2018 

Equity as at 1 January 
2017 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income for the year 
Total comprehensive 
loss for the year 
Issue of shares 
Share issue costs 
Issue of share warrants 
Issue of share options 
At 31 December 2017 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income for the year 
Total comprehensive 
loss for the year 
Issue of shares 
Share issue costs 
Issue of share options 
At 31 December 2018 

Other Reserves 

Share capital 
US$ 

Share 
premium 
US$ 

Other 
reserves 
US$ 

Accumulated 
losses 
US$ 

Total 
US$ 

639,925 

763,854 

31,173,888 

(30,468,301) 

2,109,366 

- 

- 

- 
324,650 
- 
- 
- 
964,575 
- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,833,381) 

(1,833,381) 

44,624 

- 

44,624 

- 
2,921,855 
(486,705) 
- 
- 
3,199,004 
- 

44,624 
- 
- 
191,011 
114,659 
31,524,182 
- 

(1,833,381) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
(32,301,682) 
(1,953,708) 

(1,788,757) 
3,245,505 
(486,705) 
191,011 
114,659 
3,386,079 
 (1,953,708) 

- 

- 

(70,245) 

- 

 (70,245) 

- 
59,461 
- 
- 
1,024,036 

- 
416,223 
(52,105) 
- 
3,563,122 

(70,245) 
- 
- 
339,367 
31,793,304 

(1,953,708) 
- 
- 
- 
(34,255,390) 

 (2,023,953) 
475,684 
 (52,105) 
339,367 
2,125,072 

Merger 
reserve 
US$ 

Share-based 
payments 
reserve 
US$ 

Warrants 
reserve 
US$ 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
US$ 

Total Other 
reserves 
US$ 

Equity as at 1 January 
2017 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income for the year 
Total comprehensive 
loss for the year 
Issue of share warrants 
Issue of share options 
At 31 December 2017 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
loss for the year 
Total comprehensive 
loss for the year 
Issue of share options 
At 31 December 2018 

31,212,041 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 
31,212,041 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
114,659 
114,659 
- 

- 
191,011 
- 
191,011 
- 

(38,153) 
- 

31,173,888 
- 

44,624 

44,624 

44,624 
- 
- 
6,471 
- 

44,624 
191,011 
114,659 
31,524,182 
- 

- 

- 

- 

(70,245) 

 (70,245) 

- 
- 
31,212,041 

- 
339,367 
454,026 

- 
- 
191,011 

(70,245) 
- 
(63,774) 

 (70,245) 
339,367 
31,793,304 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

     Annual Report 2018 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Loss before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Finance cost, net 
Income from payable write off 
Share-based payments charge 
Impairment of exploration assets 
Unrealised foreign exchange movements 
Operating cashflows before working capital changes  
Changes in working capital: 
(Decrease)/increase in payables 
Decrease/(increase) in receivables 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Investing activities 
Capitalised exploration costs 
Net cash outflow from investing activities 

Financing activities 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Costs of share issue 
Proceeds from new borrowings 
Net cash flow from financing activities 

Notes 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

7 

18 

(1,953,708) 

(1,833,381) 

42,321 
- 
339,367 
575,316 
(27,878) 
(1,024,582) 

86,473 
(225,393) 
111,367 
- 
50,184 
(1,810,750) 

(22,541) 
112,461 
(934,662) 

66,576 
(118,542) 
(1,862,716) 

(575,316) 
(575,316) 

- 
- 

17 

16 

- 
(52,105) 
100,000 
47,895 

3,087,266 
(295,694) 
250,000 
3,041,572 

Net (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents in 
the period 

(1,462,083) 

1,178,856 

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period  
Restricted cash held on deposits 
Total cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the 
period, including restricted cash 

12 

1,595,035 
125,440 

370,722 
125,315 

1,720,475 

496,037 

Effect of the translation of cash balances into presentation 
currency 
(Charge)/Interest on restricted cash 

(7,331) 
(440) 

45,457 
125 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 
Restricted cash held on deposits 
Total cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period, 
including restricted cash 

12 

125,621 
125,000 

1,595,035 
125,440 

250,621 

1,720,475 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

1. 

General information 

The  Company  is  incorporated  and  registered  in  England  and Wales  as  a  public  limited  company. The 
Company’s registered number is 09976843 and its registered office is at Kemp House, 152 City Road, 
London EC1V 2NX. On 4 October 2017, the Company’s shares were admitted to the Official List (by way 
of Standard Listing) and to trading on the London Stock Exchange’s Main Market. 

With  effect  from  admission,  the  Company  has  been  subject  to  the  Listing  Rules  and  the  Disclosure 
Guidance and Transparency Rules (and the resulting jurisdiction of the UK Listing Authority) to the extent 
such rules apply to companies with a Standard Listing pursuant to Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules.   

The  principal  activity  of  the  Company  is  that  of  a  holding  company  for  its  subsidiaries,  as  well  as 
performing all administrative, corporate finance, strategic and governance  functions of the Group. The 
Company’s investments comprise of subsidiaries operating in the natural gas sector. 

The entire share capital of Coos Bay Energy, LLC (Coos Bay) was conditional on Admission, acquired by 
the Company pursuant to a membership interest purchase agreement dated 20 May 2017 between the 
Company, Coos Bay and the members of Coos Bay. At the time of its acquisition by the Company, Coos 
Bay  consisted  of  Coos  Bay  Energy,  LLC  and  its  wholly  owned  US  Group  as  specified  below.  The 
Company, Coos Bay Energy, LLC and the US Group as specified below together are referred to as the 
Curzon Group. Coos Bay Energy, LLC is a limited liability corporation incorporated in Nevada, USA whose 
registered office is 1370 Crowley Avenue SE, Portland, Oregon 97302, USA. 

The  US  Group  at  the  date  of  its  acquisition  by  Coos  Bay  Energy,  LLC  consisted  of Westport  Energy 
Acquisition, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Westport Energy, LLC (together, the “US Group”). 

Westport Energy Acquisition, Inc., was incorporated in May 2010 in Delaware, USA. Its registered office 
is located at 100 Overlook Center, 2nd Floor, Princeton Junction, NJ 08540, USA. 

Westport  Energy,  LLC  was  incorporated  in  December  2008  in  Delaware,  USA.  Its  registered  office  is 
located at 100 Overlook Center, 2nd Floor, Princeton Junction, NJ 08540, USA. 

The principal business of the US Group is the exploration for natural gas in the United States. The US 
Group holds leases to approximately 45,370 acres of prospective coal bed methane (“CBM”) lands in the 
Coos Bay Basin. 

As a result of Coos Bay Energy, LLC acquisition, the Group owns certain CBM and related assets, which 
it acquired on 4 November 2016 by acquiring the US Group from Westport Energy Holdings Inc., a publicly 
held  company  trading  on  the  OTC  Pink  Market.  Coos  Bay  acquired  the  US  Group  pursuant  to  a 
foreclosure agreement dated 4 November 2016 between Coos Bay, Westport Energy Holdings, Inc., the 
US Group and the three creditors of Westport Energy Holdings Inc. (which at the time of the foreclosure 
was  the  parent  company  of  the  US  Group).  Pursuant  to  the  terms  of  the  foreclosure  agreement,  all 
outstanding debt and security instruments of Westport Energy Holdings, Inc., which was secured by all of 
the  assets  of  the  US  Group,  was  terminated,  along  with  the  creditors’  related  security  interests  in  the 
assets of the US Group. In addition, outstanding royalty agreements with Queensbury, Inc. and YA Global 
Investments Limited were also terminated. YA Global Investments L.P. was the major creditor and held a 
75% interest in Coos Bay prior to the Acquisition. YA Global Investments L.P. now holds a majority interest 
in the Coos Bay and 44.72% interest in the Company. 

Prior  to  the  acquisition  of  the  US  Group  by  Coos  Bay,  the  US  Group  was  wholly-owned  by  Westport 
Energy  Holdings  Inc.,  which  had  acquired  the  Oregon  CBM  business,  on  17  August  2010  from  New 
Earthshell Corporation, a corporation formed in Delaware in October 2008 to hold title to the CBM assets 
through  Westport  Energy  LLC.  The  parent  company  of  New  Earthshell  Corporation  was  YA  Global 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Investments L.P. that had foreclosed on, and took title to, those Oregon CBM assets from Torrent Energy 
on 26 November 2008. 

2. 

Accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below. 

The Group Financial statements are presented in US Dollars as the entirety of the Company’s operations 
are located in the United States. 

Basis of preparation 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting 
Standards  and  IFRIC  interpretations  as  endorsed  by  the  EU  (“IFRS”)  and  the  requirements  of  the 
Companies Act applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 

The financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis and under the historical cost convention. 

The  preparation  of  the  Group  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain 
critical accounting estimates. It also requires the Directors to exercise their judgment in the process of 
applying  the  Group’s  accounting  policies.  The  areas  involving  a  higher  degree  of  judgment  and 
complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the Group financial statements 
are disclosed below. 

Current assets and liabilities disclosed in the notes to the accounts are those expected to be settled in 
less than one year.   

a)  New standards, interpretations and amendments effective from 1 January 2018  

There were no new standards or interpretations effective for the first time for periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2018 that had a significant effect on the Curzon Group’s financial statements. The Company 
adopted  IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments  and  IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  from  1 
January 2018. 

IFRS  9  “Financial  Instruments”  has  replaced  IAS  39  “Financial  Instruments:  Recognition  and 
Measurement”.  The  Company  does  not  hold  any  equity  investments  other  than  investments  in 
subsidiaries.  Financial  assets,  such  as  selected  other  receivables,  that  were  previously  carried  at 
amortised cost are now classified into category “Financial assets carried at amortised cost”. The Company 
applied  the  expected  credit  loss  model  when  calculating  impairment  losses  on  its  financial  assets 
measured at amortised cost, which did not result in a material provision due to other receivables’ value 
being insignificant. 

IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” – the Company is pre-revenue hence the adoption 
had no impact on the reported results. Under IFRS 15 management expect gas revenue to be recognised 
at  the  point  the  gas  is  transferred  to  the  customers  control,  for  example  delivery  into  the  customer's 
pipeline.  

b)  New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective  

At  the  date  of  authorisation  of  these  financial  statements,  a  number  of  standards  and  interpretations, 
which have not been applied in these financial statements, were in issue but not yet effective for the year 
presented.  

The  Directors  do  not  expect  that  the  adoption  of  these  standards  will  have  a  material  impact  on  the 
financial information of the Group in future periods. 

Adoption of IFRS 16 will result in the group recognising right of use of assets and lease liabilities for all 
contracts that are, or contain, a lease. For leases currently classified as operating leases, under current 
accounting requirements the group does not recognise related assets or liabilities, and instead spreads 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

the  lease  payments  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  lease  term,  disclosing  in  its  annual  financial 
statements the total commitment. Due to the fact that the Group currently only has short term (less than 
12 months) operating leases, IFRS 16 will not have a material impact on the results or balance sheet of 
the Group. All the exploration areas land lease agreements that the Company has for its areas of interest 
are outside of IFRS 16 scope. 

IFRIC 23 is to be applied to the determination of taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, 
unused tax credits and tax rates, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under IAS 12. This 
interpretation is unlikely to have a material effect of the reported results. 

Basis of consolidation 

The Company was incorporated on the 29th of January 2016. It acquired Coos Bay Energy, LLC on the 
4th of October 2017. At the time of its acquisition by the Company, Coos Bay Energy, LLC consisted of 
Coos Bay Energy, LLC and its wholly owned US Group. It is the Directors’ opinion that the Company at 
the date of acquisition of Coos Bay Energy, LLC did not meet the definition of a business as defined by 
IFRS 3 and therefore the acquisition is outside on the IFRS 3 scope.  

Where  a  party  to  an  acquisition  fails  to  satisfy  the  definition  of  a  business,  as  defined  by  IFRS  3, 
management have decided to adopt a “merger accounting” method of consolidation as the most relevant 
method to be used.  

The Group consistently applies it to all similar transactions in the following way: 
- the acquired assets and liabilities are recorded at their existing carrying values rather than at fair value; 
- no goodwill is recorded; 
- all intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains and losses on transactions are eliminated 
from the beginning of the first comparative period or inception, whichever is earlier; 
- comparative periods are restated from the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented based 
on the assumption that the companies have always been together; 
-  all  the  pre-acquisition  accumulated  losses  of  the  legal  acquirer  are  assumed  by  the  Group  as  if  the 
companies have always been together;  
- all the share capital and membership capital contributions of all the companies included into the legal 
acquiree sub-group less the Company’s cost of investment into these companies are included into the 
merger reserve; and 
- the Company’s called up share capital is restated at the preceding reporting date to reflect the value of 
the new shares that would have been issued to acquire the merged company had the merger taken place 
at the first day of the comparative period. Where new shares have been issued during the current period 
that increased net assets (other than as consideration for the merger), these are recorded from their actual 
date of issue and are not included in the comparative statement of financial position. 

Going concern 

The Group financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which assumes that the 
Group  will  continue  to  be  able  to  meet  its  liabilities  as  they  fall  due  for  the  foreseeable  future.  The 
operations are currently being financed by funds raised from a £95,000 equity placing completed on 1 
March 2019 (the “Equity Placing”) and proceeds from a $1,000,000 credit facility provided from a company 
related to the largest shareholder that provides the Group up to $500,000 minimum funding (the “Credit 
Facility  Minimum  Funding”)  and  an  additional  $500,000  at  the  discretion  of  the  lender.    At  year-end 
$100,000 had currently been drawn down on this facility leaving a balance of $900,000 available.  After 
the  year-end  period,  the  Company  has  on  16  April  2019  amended  the  existing  facility  such  that  all 
outstanding amounts issued and any future tranches drawn down now fall due on the last business day 
of October 2020.  The Group believes that, based on current projected operational plans, the proceeds 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

from the Equity Placement and the Credit Facility Minimum Funding are sufficient for the Group to operate 
for a period of 12 months from the date of these financial statements. 

The Group held cash balances of $125,621 as at 31 December 2018 and has funding plans in place for 
further capital to meet its planned activities. 

The directors note that the company will need additional funding to continue operations for the foreseeable 
future  and  this  means  there  is  a  material  uncertainty  as  to  the  group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern, however the Directors are confident  that the Group will be able to raise, as required, sufficient 
cash  or  reduce  its  commitments  to  enable  it  to  continue  its  operations,  including  the  pursuit  of  future 
exploration opportunities, and to continue to meet, as and when they fall due, its liabilities for at least the 
next  twelve  months  from  the  date  of  approval  of  the  Group  financial  statements.  The  Group  financial 
statements have, therefore, been prepared on the going concern basis. 

Functional currency 

Functional and presentation currency 

The  individual  financial  information  of  each  Group  entity  is  measured  in  the  currency  of  the  primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates (its functional currency). The Company’s functional 
currency is UK Pound Sterling (£). All other companies, belonging to the Curzon Group, have US Dollar 
as their functional currency. The Group financial statements are presented in US Dollars ($). 

Transactions and balances 

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  converted  into  the  respective  functional  currencies  on  initial 
recognition,  using  the  exchange  rates  approximating  those  ruling  at  the  transaction  dates.  Monetary 
assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting period are translated at the rates ruling as of that date. 
Non-monetary  assets  and  liabilities  are  translated  using  exchange  rates  that  existed  when  the  values 
were determined. All exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss. 

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of the Group’s Pound Sterling operations are translated into 
the Group’s presentational currency (US Dollar) at exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Income 
and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period unless exchange rates 
have fluctuated significantly during the year, in which case the exchange rate at the date of the transaction 
is used. All exchange differences arising, if any, are recognised as other comprehensive income and are 
transferred to the Group’s foreign currency translation reserve. 

Rates applied in these financial statements: 

Closing USD/GBP rate at 31 December 

Average USD/GBP rate for the year 

2018 

2017 

1.2690 

1.3436 

1.3491 

1.2889 

Oil and gas exploration and evaluation expenditure 

Exploration and evaluation costs incurred or acquired on the acquisition of a subsidiary are accumulated 
in respect of each identifiable project area. Payments to acquire the legal right to explore, together with 
the directly related costs of technical services and studies, seismic acquisition, exploratory drilling and 
testing are capitalised as intangible E&E assets. These costs are only carried forward to the extent that 
they are expected to be recouped through the successful development of the area or where activities in 
the  area  have  not  yet  reached  a  stage  which  permits  reasonable  assessment  of  the  existence  of 
economically recoverable reserves (the “successful efforts’’ method).  

Under the successful efforts method of accounting, all licence acquisition, exploration and appraisal costs 
are  initially  capitalised  in  well,  field  or  specific  exploration  cost  centres  as  appropriate,  pending 
determination. Expenditure incurred during the various exploration and appraisal phases is then written 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

off  unless  commercial  reserves  have  been  established  or  the  determination  process  has  not  been 
completed. 

Tangible assets used in E&E activities (such as the Group’s drilling rigs, seismic equipment and other 
property, plant and equipment used by the Company’s exploration function) are classified as property, 
plant and equipment. However, to the extent that such a tangible asset is consumed in developing an 
intangible  E&E  asset,  the  amount  reflecting  that  consumption  is  recorded  as  part  of  the  cost  of  the 
intangible asset. Such intangible costs include directly attributable overheads, including the depreciation 
of  property,  plant  and  equipment  utilised  in  E&E  activities,  together  with  the  cost  of  other  materials 
consumed during the exploration and evaluation phases. 

E&E costs are not amortised prior to the conclusion of appraisal activities. The properties are currently 
unproved, and therefore capitalised costs are not amortised, but subject to impairment testing. 

Other  costs  are  written  off  unless  commercial  reserves  have  been  established  or  the  determination 
process has not been completed. Accumulated costs in relation to an abandoned area are written off in 
full  against  profit  in  the  year  in  which  the  decision  to  abandon  the  area  is  made.  When  production 
commences the accumulated costs for the relevant area of interest are transferred from intangible assets 
to tangible assets as “Developed Oil and Gas Assets” and amortised over the life of the area according 
to the rate of depletion of the economically recoverable costs. As no properties have been classified as 
proved, development activities have not commenced. 

Impairment of oil and gas exploration and evaluation assets 

The carrying value of unevaluated areas is assessed when there has been an indication that impairment 
in  value  may  have  occurred.  The  impairment  of  unevaluated  prospects  is  assessed  based  on  the 
Directors’ intention with regard to future exploration and development of individual significant areas and 
the ability to obtain funds to finance such exploration and development. 

Decommissioning costs 

Where a material liability for the removal of production facilities and site restoration at the end of the field 
life  exists,  a  provision  for  decommissioning  is  made.  The  amount  recognised  is  the  present  value  of 
estimated future expenditure determined in accordance with local conditions and requirements. An asset 
of an amount equivalent to the provision is also created and depreciated on a unit of production basis. 
Changes in estimates are recognised prospectively, with corresponding adjustments to the provision and 
the  associated  asset.  As  at  31  December  2017  and  31  December  2018,  no  provisions  were  deemed 
necessary. 

Impairment 

Impairment of financial assets 

All financial assets are assessed at the end of each reporting period as to whether there is any objective 
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events having an impact on the estimated future cash 
flows of the asset. For an equity instrument, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its 
cost is considered to be objective evidence of impairment. 

An impairment loss in respect of financial assets carried at amortised cost is recognised in profit or loss 
and  is  measured  as  the  difference  between  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of 
estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. 

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related 
objectively  to  an  event  occurring  after  the  impairment  was  recognised,  the  previously  recognised 
impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the financial 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

asset at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortised cost would have been 
had the impairment not been recognised. 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

The carrying values of assets, other than those to which IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets” does not apply, 
are reviewed at the end of each reporting period for impairment when there is an indication that the assets 
might  be  impaired.  Impairment  is  measured  by  comparing  the  carrying  values  of  the  assets  with  their 
recoverable amounts. The recoverable amount of the assets is the higher of the assets' fair value less 
costs to sell and their value-in-use, which is measured by reference to discounted future cash flow. 

An impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately. 

When  there  is  a  change  in  the  estimates  used  to  determine  the  recoverable  amount,  a  subsequent 
increase in the recoverable amount of an asset is treated as a reversal of the previous impairment loss 
and is recognised to the extent of the carrying amount of the asset that would have been determined (net 
of amortisation and depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised. The reversal is recognised in 
profit or loss immediately, unless the asset is carried at its revalued amount, in which case the reversal 
of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase. 

Financial instruments 

Financial instruments are recognised in the statements of financial position when the Group has become 
a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. 

Financial assets 

The  Group  classifies  its  financial  assets  as  financial  assets  carried  at  amortised  cost,  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and restricted cash. 

Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial 
assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all the risks 
and rewards of ownership. On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between 
the carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and any cumulative gain or loss that had 
been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in profit or loss. 

Amortised cost  

These assets incorporate such types of financial assets where the objective is to hold these assets in 
order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and 
interest. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to 
their acquisition or issue, and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate 
method, less provision for impairment. Impairment provisions receivables are recognised based on the 
simplified approach within IFRS 9 using a provision matrix in the determination of the lifetime expected 
credit losses. During this process the probability of the non-payment of the receivables is assessed. This 
probability  is  then  multiplied  by  the  amount  of  the  expected  loss  arising  from  default  to  determine  the 
lifetime expected credit loss for the receivables. On confirmation that the receivable will not be collectable, 
the gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision.  

Impairment  provisions  for  receivables  from  related  parties  and  loans  to  related  parties  are  recognised 
based on a forward-looking expected credit loss model. The methodology used to determine the amount 
of  the  provision  is  based  on  whether  there  has  been  a  significant  increase  in  credit  risk  since  initial 
recognition  of  the  financial  asset.  For  those  where  the  credit  risk  has  not  increased  significantly  since 
initial  recognition  of  the  financial  asset,  twelve  month  expected  credit  losses  along  with  gross  interest 
income are recognised. For those for which credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime expected credit 
losses along with the gross interest income are recognised. For those that are determined to be credit 
impaired, lifetime expected credit losses along with interest income on a net basis are recognised.  

The Group's financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise other receivables and cash and cash 
equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Cash and cash equivalents 

     Annual Report 2018 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand, bank balances, bank overdrafts, deposits with financial 
institutions and short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash 
and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. 

Restricted cash 

Restricted cash are funds held as a collateral related to stand-by letters of credit related to the Group’s 
oil and gas properties. Such deposits are classified as non-current assets and are not classified as part 
of cash and cash equivalents as these deposits are not accessible by the Company for unrestricted use 
and are not accessible for more than 3 months. More details on the Group’s restricted cash are given in 
the note 12.  

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the 
financial instrument. 

Financial  instruments  are  classified  as  liabilities  or  equity  in  accordance  with  the  substance  of  the 
contractual arrangement. Interest, dividends, gains and losses relating to a financial instrument classified 
as  a  liability  are  reported  as  an  expense  or  income.  Distributions  to  holders  of  financial  instruments 
classified as equity are charged directly to equity. 

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and 
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method other than those categorised 
as fair value through the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

A  financial  liability  is  derecognised  when  the  obligation  under  the  liability  is  discharged,  cancelled  or 
expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same party on substantially 
different  terms,  or  the  terms  of  an  existing  liability  are  substantially  modified,  such  an  exchange  or 
modification is treated as a de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and 
the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the income statement. 

Financial liabilities include the following items:  

- Bank borrowings are initially recognised at fair value net of any transaction costs directly attributable to 
the issue of the instrument. Such interest-bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using  the  effective  interest  rate  method,  which  ensures  that  any  interest  expense  over  the  period  to 
repayment  is at a constant rate on the  balance of the liability carried  in the consolidated statement of 
financial position. For the purposes of each financial liability, interest expense includes initial transaction 
costs and any premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability 
is outstanding.  
- Liability components of convertible loan notes are measured as described further below.  
- Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value and 
subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Convertible debt  

The proceeds received on issue of the Group's convertible debt are allocated into their liability and equity 
components. The amount initially attributed to the debt component equals the discounted cash flows using 
a market rate of interest that would be payable on a similar debt instrument that does not include an option 
to  convert.  Subsequently,  the  debt  component  is  accounted  for  as  a  financial  liability  measured  at 
amortised cost until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the bond. The remainder of the proceeds 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

is  allocated  to  the  conversion  option  and  is  recognised  as  a  separate  equity  component  within 
shareholders' equity, net of income tax effects.  

Borrowing costs  

Borrowing costs are capitalised, net of interest received on cash drawn down yet to be expended only 
when they are directly attributable to the acquisition, contribution or production of an asset that necessarily 
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. 

Equity instruments 

Ordinary Shares 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares 
are shown in Share Premium account as a deduction, net of tax, from proceeds. Dividends on ordinary 
shares are recognised as liabilities when approved for distribution. 

Warrants 

Warrants  classified  as  equity  are  recorded  at  fair  value  as  of  the  date  of  issuance  on  the  Company’s 
consolidated  balance  sheets  and  no  further  adjustments  to  their  valuation  are  made. Management 
estimates the fair value of these liabilities using option pricing models and assumptions that are based on 
the individual characteristics of the warrants or instruments on the valuation date, as well as assumptions 
for future financings, expected volatility, expected life, yield, and risk-free interest rate. 

Taxation 

Income tax for each reporting period comprises current and deferred tax. 

Current tax is the expected amount of income taxes payable in respect of the taxable profit for the year 
and is measured using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the 
reporting period. 

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the 
tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Group financial statements. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  all  deductible  temporary  differences,  unused  tax  losses  and 
unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which 
the  deductible  temporary  differences,  unused  tax  losses  and  unused  tax  credits  can  be  utilised.  The 
carrying amounts of deferred tax assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to 
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable profits will be available to allow all or 
part of the deferred tax assets to be utilised. 

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences other than those that arise from 
goodwill  or  excess  of  the  Group’s  interest  in  the  net  fair  value  of  the  acquired  company’s  identifiable 
assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  over  the  business  combination  costs  or  from  the  initial 
recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business combination and at the time of 
the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period 
when the asset  is realised  or the liability  is settled, based on the tax rates that have been enacted  or 
substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax 
assets  against  current  tax  liabilities  and  when  the  deferred  income  taxes  relate  to  the  same  taxation 
authority. 

Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent 
that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow deferred tax assets to be recovered. 

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

tax  items  are  recognised  in  correlation  to  the  underlying  transactions  either  in  other  comprehensive 
income or directly in equity. 

Deferred tax arising from a business combination is included in the resulting goodwill or excess of the 
Group’s  interest  in  the  net  fair  value  of  the  acquired  company’s  identifiable  assets,  liabilities  and 
contingent liabilities over the business combination costs. 

Leases 

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the 
arrangement at inception date: whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific 
asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. 

The Group holds leases to approximately 45,370 acres of prospective coalbed methane lands in the Coos 
Bay Basin. These leases are outside of IFRS16 scope. The annual rental payments under these operating 
leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

Employee benefits 

Short-term benefits 

Wages, salaries, paid annual leave and sick leave, bonuses and non-monetary benefits are accrued in 
the period in which the associated services are rendered by employees of the Group. 

Post-employment benefits 

The Group does not currently make provision for post-employment benefits by way of pension plans or 
similar arrangements. 

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets 

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present or constructive obligation as a result of past 
events, when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to 
settle the obligation, and when a reliable estimate of the amount can be made. Provisions are reviewed 
at the end of each financial reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. Where the 
effect  of  the  time  value  of  money  is  material,  the  provision  is  the  present  value  of  the  estimated 
expenditure required to settle the obligation. 

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will only be 
confirmed by the occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the 
Group. It can also be a present obligation arising from past events that is not recognised because it is not 
probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required, or the amount of obligation cannot be 
measured reliably. 

A contingent liability is not recognised but is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. When a 
change in the probability of an outflow occurs so that the outflow is probable, it will then be recognised as 
a provision. 

A contingent asset is a probable asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed 
only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain events not wholly within the control 
of the Group. The Group does not recognise contingent assets but discloses its existence where inflows 
of economic benefits are probable, but not virtually certain. 

Share-based payment arrangements 

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured 
at the fair value of the equity instruments at the grant date. Details regarding the determination of the fair 
value of equity-settled share-based transactions are set out in note 18 to the Group financial statements. 

The fair vale determined at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a 
straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Directors’ estimate of equity instruments that will 
34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

eventually  vest,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  equity.  Where  the  conditions  are  non-vesting,  the 
expense  and  equity  reserve  arising  from  share  based  payment  transactions  is  recognised  in  full 
immediately on grant. 

At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  the  Directors  revised  their  estimate  of  the  number  of  equity 
instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in 
profit  or  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a  corresponding 
adjustment to other reserves. 

Operating segments 

An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may 
earn revenues and incur expenses. The results of an operating segment are reviewed regularly by the 
chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and 
assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. 

Summary of critical accounting estimates and judgements 

The  preparation  of  the  Group  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  the  use  of  certain 
critical accounting estimates. It also requires the Directors to exercise their judgement in the process of 
applying the accounting policies, which are detailed above. These judgements are continually evaluated 
by the Directors and management and are based on  historical experience and other factors, including 
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 

The key estimates and underlying assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation 
uncertainty at the Statement of Financial Position date, that have a significant risk of causing a material 
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial period are reviewed 
on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate 
is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the 
revision affects both current and future periods. 

The prime areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, where assumptions and estimates 
are significant to the financial statements, are as follows: 

Going concern 

The  Group  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis  as  the  Directors  have 
assessed  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  in  operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.  The 
operations  are  currently  being  financed  by  third  party  loans  and  funds  raised  from  an  equity  placing 
completed on 1 March 2019. See Going Concern section on page 28 for more details. 

The Group is reliant on the continuing support from its shareholders and the expected support of future 
shareholders. 

The Group financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group were not to 
continue as a going concern. See Going Concern section on page 28 for more details. 

Basis of consolidation 

At 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017 the group results include the results of Curzon Energy Plc,  
Coos Bay Energy, LLC, Westport Energy Acquisitions, Inc. and Westport Energy, LLC. 

Impairment of capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditure 

Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest 
the carrying value may exceed its recoverable amount. During the year ended 31 December 2018, there 
was sufficient data available to indicate that, although the development of additional wells is expected to 
proceed, the previous carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets were unlikely to be completely 
recovered from successful development or sales. Therefore, the Directors deemed that an impairment of 
$575,316 was necessary as described in note10. No impairment was made for the year ended 31  

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Summary of critical accounting estimates and judgements continued 

December 2017. As at 31 December 2017 the carrying value of the exploration and evaluation assets 
was US$2,559,000. 

Valuation of share options and warrants 

The Group measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value 
of  the  equity  instruments  at  the  date  at  which  they  are  granted.  The  fair  value  of  share  options  is 
determined using the Black-Scholes model. The model has its strengths and weaknesses and requires 
six inputs as a minimum: 1. The share price; 2. The exercise price; 3. The risk free rate of return; 4. The 
expected dividends or dividend yield; 5. The life of the option; and 6. The volatility of the expected return. 
The  first  three  inputs  are  normally,  but  not  always,  straightforward.  The  last  three  involve  greater 
judgement  and  have  the  greatest  impact  on  the  fair  value.  More  details  on  how  the  volatility  was 
determined in the absence of the historical trading date are given in the note 18. 

3. 

Segmental analysis 

IFRS 8 “Operating Segments” requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports 
about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (which 
takes the form of the Directors) as defined in IFRS 8 “Operating Segments”, in order to allocate resources 
to the segment and to assess its performance. 

The Group’s business involves exploring for hydrocarbon liquids and gas. As at each of 31 December 
2017 and 31 December 2018, the Directors consider there is one reportable operating segment 

Accordingly, an analysis of segment profit or loss, segment assets, segment liabilities and other material 
items has not been presented. 

The Group operates in one geographic area, being the USA. All intangible assets and operating assets 
and liabilities are located in the USA. The Group has not yet commenced production and therefore has 
no revenue. 

4. 

Loss for the year before taxation 

Loss before tax is stated after charging / (crediting): 

Impairment of exploration and evaluation expenditure 
Auditor’s remuneration: 

- 

- 

fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of 
the consolidated and Company financial statements 

fees payable to the Company’s auditor for other 
services: corporate finance services 

Share-based payments 
Foreign currency translation loss/(gain) 
Operating lease rentals: 
- mineral rights (outside of IAS 17 and IFRS 16 scope) 

2018 
US$ 

575,316 

2017 
US$ 

- 

25,500 

58,000 

- 

148,223 

339,367 
(27,878) 

111,367 
36,794 

40,289 

63,409 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

5. 

Directors and staff 

     Annual Report 2018 

There were no staff employed by the Group during the two years ended 31 December 2018. One director, 
Mr Scott Kaintz, was employed by the Company since 5 November 2018. 

Remuneration of key management personnel 

Directors’ emoluments and benefits as follows: 

2018 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

Brian James Kinane 

Thomas Wagenhofer 

Thomas Mazzarisi 

Stephen Schoepfer 

Total directors’ 
compensation 

2017 

John McGoldrick 

Scott Kaintz 

Owen May 

Brian James Kinane 

Thomas Wagenhofer 

Thomas Mazzarisi 

Stephen Schoepfer 

Total directors’ compensation 

Directors’ 
fees 
US$ 

67,178 

16,148 

- 

- 

97,407 

103,333 

103,333 

Social  
security  
costs 
US$ 

- 

1,968 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total cash-
compensation 
 US$ 

67,178 

18,116 

- 

- 

97,407 

103,333 

103,333 

Share-based 

Payments (options)    

US$ 

37,149 

- 

- 

74,891 

149,828 

38,750 

38,750 

Total 
compensation 
US$ 

104,327 

18,116 

- 

74,891 

247,235 

142,083 

142,083 

387,399 

1,968 

389,367 

339,368 

728,735 

Directors’ 
fees 
US$ 

16,111 

- 

- 

- 

93,052 

182,000 

182,000 

473,163 

Social  
security  
costs 
US$ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total cash-
compensation 
 US$ 

16,111 

- 

- 

- 

93,052 

182,000 

182,000 

473,163 

Share-based 

Payments (options)    

US$ 

20,250 

- 

- 

30,366 

60,751 

- 

- 

111,367 

Total 
compensation 
US$ 

36,361 

- 

- 

30,366 

153,803 

182,000 

182,000 

584,530 

The Directors’ emoluments are paid from Coos Bay Energy LLC and the Company. 

In  2018,  Stephen  Schoepfer  received  US$103,333  (2017:  US$182,000)  of  which  US$103,333  (2017: 
US$38,750) was paid to him through his service company 4 Sea-Sons LLC. 

In 2018, Thomas Wagenhofer was paid all his fees of US$97,407 (2017: US$93,052) through his service 
company Gate Energy Limited. 

In 2018, Thomas Mazzarisi was paid all if his fees of US$103,333 (2017: US$182,000) through his service 
company M10 Ventures LLC. 

In 2018, John McGoldrick had through agreement with the Company agreed to defer payment of his 
2018 director’s compensation, which at 31 December 2018 totalled £50,000 (US$67,178).   

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

6. 

Administrative expenses 

Staff costs 

Directors’ salaries 

Consultants 

Employers NI 

Professional services 
Accounting, audit & taxation 

Legal 

Marketing 

Other 

Regulatory compliance 
Travel 
Office and Admin 
General 

IT related costs 

Rent 

Insurance 

7. 

Finance expense (net) 

Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 

Other interest received 

Other interest paid 

Interest on promissory notes 

     Annual Report 2018 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

726,767 

584,530 

64,965 

1,968 

98,356 

68,655 

57,422 

31,202 

130,830 

41,614 

64,165 

2,379 

41,552 

34,074 

- 

- 

223,515 

256,144 

59,199 

70,988 

127,790 

57,736 

136,649 

2,625 

65,106 

78,337 

1,363,949 

1,662,619 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

(27,878) 

36,794 

- 

- 

42,321 

14,443 

(125) 

16,138 

49,481 

102,288 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

8. 

Taxation 

     Annual Report 2018 

The Group has made no provision for taxation as it has not yet generated any taxable income. A 
reconciliation of income tax expense applicable to the loss before taxation at the statutory tax rate to the 
income tax expense at the effective tax rate of the Group is as follows: 

Loss before tax 

UK corporation tax credit at 19.00% (2017: 19.25%) 

Effect of non-deductible expense 

Differences in overseas tax rates 

Effect of tax benefit of losses carried forward 

Current tax (credit) 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

(1,953,708) 

(1,833,381) 

(371,205) 

(352,926) 

77,384 

21,438 

(21,307) 

(120,048) 

315,127 

451,535 

- 

- 

As at 31 December 2018, the tax effects of temporary timing differences giving rise to deferred tax assets 
was US$1,127,127 (2017: US$812,000). 

A deferred tax asset in respect of these losses and temporary differences has not been established as 
the Group has not yet generated any revenues and the Directors have therefore assessed the likelihood 
of future profits being available to offset such deferred tax assets to be uncertain. 

9. 

Pro forma basic and diluted loss per share 

The basic loss per share is derived by dividing the loss for the year attributable to ordinary shareholders 
of the Company by the weighted average number of shares in issue. 

Diluted loss per share is derived by dividing the loss for the year attributable to ordinary shareholders of 
the Company by the weighted average number of shares in issue plus the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary 
shares. 

The acquisition of Coos Bay Energy, LLC by Curzon Energy Plc was not within the scope of the IFRS 3 
due to Curzon Energy Plc not meeting the definition of a business. This acquisition was accounted using 
the principles of merger accounting as described in the accounting policy in note 2. The weighted average 
number of shares for the purposes of loss per share calculation for reporting and comparative years were 
adjusted as described below.  

During the year ended 31 December 2017: 40,000,000 shares in Curzon Energy Plc were issued to Coos 
Bay Energy, LLC previous owners as a consideration for the acquisition of Coos Bay Energy, LLC. These 
new shares  were  included  into the  weighted  average  number for shares calculation as  if they  were in 
issue from the first day of the first period presented in these financial statements, 1 January 2017. The 2 
ordinary shares, that were issued by Curzon on incorporation, have also been included into the calculation 
as if they were in issue since 1 January 2017. 

During the  year ended 31 December 2018, 4,425,616 shares in Curzon Energy Plc were issued to Mr 
Barry Liben in satisfaction of the aggregate debt of £354,049.24 owed to him pursuant to a promissory 
note entered into with the Company on 29 December 2016. 

The new shares have been issued during the current and comparative periods that increased net assets 
(other than as consideration for the Coos Bay acquisition in the comparative period, which was accounted 
for  using  the  principles  of  merger  accounting).  Such  shares  were  included  into  the  weighted  average 
number  of  shares  calculation  recorded  from  their  actual  date  of  issue  and  were  not  included  in  the 
comparative weighted average number of shares. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

The following reflects the loss and share data used in the basic and diluted loss per share computations: 

Loss after tax (US$) 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares of £0.01 in 
issue  
Effect of dilutive options and warrants 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares of £0.01 in 
issue inclusive of outstanding dilutive options and warrants 
Loss per share - basic and fully diluted (US$) 

2018 

2017 

(1,953,708) 

(1,833,381) 

74,449,821  54,095,138 

- 

- 

74,449,821  54,095,138 

0.03 

0.03 

Options and warrants with all conditions met at the end of each respective period: 

Share options granted to employees - fully vested at the end 
of the respective period 
Warrants given to shareholders as a part of placing equity 
instruments - fully vested at the end of the respective period 
Total instruments fully vested 

2018 
Number 

2017 
Number 

2,386,872 

421,152 

3,630,200 

3,630,200 

6,017,072 

4,051,352 

At 31 December 2018, the effect was anti-dilutive as it would lead to a further reduction of loss per share, 
therefore they were not included into the diluted loss per share calculation. 

Options and warrants with conditions not met at the end of the period, that could potentially dilute basic 
EPS in the future, but were not included in the calculation of diluted EPS for the periods presented: 

Share options granted to employees - not vested at the end of 
the respective period 
Warrants given to shareholders as a part of placing equity 
instruments – conditions not all met 
Total options and warrants with conditions not all met 
Total number of instruments and potentially issuable 
instruments (vested and not vested) not included into the fully 
diluted EPS calculation 

2018 
Number 

2017 
Number 

5,246,832 

4,212,552 

- 

- 

5,246,832 

4,212,552 

11,263,904 

8,263,904 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

10. 

Intangible assets 

Exploration and evaluation expenditure 

Cost: 

At the beginning of the year 

Additions – exploration costs capitalised 

At the end of the year 

Impairment provision: 

At the beginning of the year 

Provision for the year 

At end of the year 

Net Book Value 

     Annual Report 2018 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

24,141,000  24,141,000 
- 

575,316 

24,716,316  24,141,000 

(21,582,000)  (21,582,000) 
- 

(575,316) 

(22,157,316)  (21,582,000) 

2,559,000 

2,559,000 

The oil and gas properties are currently unproven and ongoing exploration activities are planned and will 
require additional significant expenditures. These exploration activities include formation stimulation and 
production  testing  of  wells  to  be  drilled  at  the  Coos  Bay  project.  As  the  first  phase  of  exploration  and 
development activities on the Coos Bay Project’s unproved properties are still in progress, an assessment 
will be made upon completion of that phase as to whether a reclassification of a portion of the unproved 
reserves to proven reserves should be made. Once properties have been classified as proven, they are 
transferred from intangible assets to tangible assets as “Developed Oil and Gas Assets” and amortised 
over the life of the area according to the rate of depletion of the economically recoverable costs. 

Impairment 

In  accordance  with  IFRS  6  “Exploration  and  Evaluation  of  Mineral  Resources”,  the  Directors  have 
assessed whether any indication of impairment exists in respect of these intangible assets as follows: 

During the year ended 31 December 2018 the carrying value of exploration assets exceeded the fair value 
and impairment in the amount of US$575,317 was recognised.  This value represents the well rework and 
stimulation efforts conducted during the course of 2018 that to date have not yielded meaningful gains in 
flow rates and well performance.  The view has thus been taken that this work may not result in future 
recoverable economic value.   

The fair value of the Coos Bay exploration assets was valued based upon a discounted cash flow using 
management’s estimates, which are considered level 3 inputs.  The key  inputs  were a discount rate  of 
10%, and a gas price of $3.90/mcf being the 2018 average Oregon Citygate gas price.  Sensitivity analysis 
was  conducted  on  this  valuation  model  in  which  discount  rates  and  gas  prices  were  varied  and  are 
presented below.   

Varied 
Rates  

Discount 

8% 

9% 

11% 

12% 

Project NPV (US$ M) 

8.194 

Varied Gas Prices  

+2% 

Project NPV (US$ M) 

11.809 

Varied OPEX Costs  

+2% 

6.478 

+1% 

8.212 

+1% 

3.772 

-1% 

2.176 

-1% 

2.712 

-2% 

-.351 

-2% 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Project NPV (US$ M) 

3.415 

4.259 

5.695 

6.305 

The analysis of these exploration assets was further supported by the contingent resources of the project, 
which included 2C resources of 273.5 BCF in the Lower Coaledo and 28.1 BCF in the Upper Coaledo.  
Also, consideration  was given to the USA as a safe jurisdiction in  which to operate, a multi-year track 
record  of  Oregon  Citygate  prices  being  higher  than  that  of  industry  standard  Henry  Hub  prices,  close 
proximity  to  a  12  in  regional  pipeline  with  adequate  takeaway  capabilities  and  the  over  $22m  of 
infrastructure and related costs spent to date by the previous operators.  Together this analysis gave the 
Directors comfort that Coos Bay remains a viable exploration and development project going forward.   

Environmental matters 

The Group has established procedures for a continuing evaluation of its operations to identify potential 
environmental  exposures  and  to  assure  compliance  with  regulatory  policies  and  procedures.  The 
Directors monitor these laws and regulations and  periodically assesses the  propriety of its operational 
and  accounting  policies  related  to  environmental  issues.  The  nature  of  the  Group’s  business  requires 
routine  day-to-day  compliance  with  environmental  laws  and  regulations.  The  Group  has  incurred  no 
material  environmental  investigation,  compliance  or  remediation  costs  for  each  of  the  years  ended  31 
December 2017, and 31 December 2018. The Directors are unable to predict whether the Group’s future 
operations  will  be  materially  affected  by  these  laws  and  regulations.  It  is  believed  that  legislation  and 
regulations relating to environmental protection will not materially affect the results of operations of the 
Group. 

11. 

Subsidiary Undertakings 

The Group has the following subsidiary undertakings: 

Name 

Country of 
incorporation 

Coos Bay Energy, LLC 

Westport Energy 
Acquisitions, Inc. 

Westport Energy, LLC 

USA 

USA 

USD 

Issued capital 

Membership 
interests 

Shares 

Membership 
interests 

Proportion held 
by Group 

100% 

100% 

Activity 

Holding company 

Holding company 

100% 

Oil and gas exploration 

All the above subsidiaries have same registered office with address 1001 SW 5th Avenue, Suite 1100, 
Portland, OR 97204, USA. 

12. 

Restricted cash 

Restricted  cash  includes  funds  held  as  a  collateral  to  support  stand-by  letters  of  credit  related  to  the 
Group’s oil and gas properties. The letters of credit secure the Group’s reclamation obligations under the 
leases and state law. The cash can be taken by Umpqua Bank in the event the letters of credit are drawn 
on by the State of Oregon, Department of Geology & Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The cash is held in 
the form of a Certificate of Deposit. 

13. 

Prepayments and other receivables 

VAT recoverable 

Other debtors 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

23,213 

12,944 

114,260 
34,356 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

36,157 

148,616 

The fair value of receivables and deposits approximates their carrying amount, as the impact of 
discounting is not significant. The receivables are not impaired and are not past due. 
14. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

For the purpose of the statements of financial position, cash and cash equivalents comprise the 
following: 

Cash in hand and at bank 

15. 

Trade and other payables 

Trade and other payables 

Accruals 
Total financial liabilities, excluding loans and 
borrowings, classified as financial liabilities measured at 
amortised cost 
Other payables - tax and social security payments 

Total trade and other payables 

16. 

Borrowings 

2018 
US$ 
125,621 
125,621 

2017 
US$ 
1,595,035 
1,595,035 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

370,646 

127,216 

385,840 

77,573 

497,862 

463,413 

9,032 

- 

506,894 

463,413 

During the year ended 31 December 2018, the Coos Bay issued one short-term promissory notes totalling 
US$100,000 (2017: issued two short-term promissory notes totalling US$250,000). Details of the notes 
are disclosed in the table below: 

Origination 
date 

Contractual 
settlement 
date 

Note value in 
original 
currency 

Note value, 
US$ 

Annual 
interest 
rate 

Status at 31 
December 
2018 

Security 

Cuart 
Investments 
PCC, Ltd. 

YA Global 
Bruce 
Edwards 

29 Dec 2016 

 extended to 31 
Dec 2018 

£300,000 

$404,730 

12%  unsecured 

Converted on 
31 July 2018 

3 Oct 2018 

30 Oct 2019 

$100,000 

$100,000 

10%  unsecured  Outstanding 

1 Sep 2017 

31 Dec 2018 

$100,000 

$100,000 

15%  unsecured  Outstanding 

No interim payments are required under the promissory notes, as the payment terms require the original 
principal amount of each note, and all accrued interest thereon, to be paid in single lump payments on 
the respective contractual settlement dates. 

At 1 January  
Received during the year 
Interest accrued during the year 
Exchange rate differences 
Discharged during the year by issue of shares in Curzon 
At 31 December 

2018 
US$ 
578,599 
100,000 
42,321 
(31,424) 
(475,684) 
213,812 

2017 
US$ 
363,829 
250,000 
57,725 
66,285 
(159,240) 
578,599 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities 

Cash flows 
Proceeds 
from new 
borrowings 

Non cash flow 
Forex 
movement 

31 Dec 2017 

Non cash flow 
Conversion 

Non cash flow 
Interest accrued 

31 Dec 
2018 

Cuart Investments 
PCC, Ltd. 
YA Global 
Bruce Edwards 
Total liabilities 
from financing 
activities 

473,667 

- 
104,932 

- 

(22,167) 

(475,684) 

100,000 
- 

(2,167) 
(7,090) 

- 
- 

24,184 

2,600 
15,537 

- 

100,433 
113,379 

578,599 

100,000 

(31,424) 

(475,684) 

42,321 

213,812 

17. 

Share capital 

Authorised share capital  

As permitted by the Companies Act 2006, the Company does not have an authorised share capital. 

Issued equity share capital 

Issued and fully paid 

Ordinary shares of £0.01 each (after share 
split on 28 May 2017) 

Ordinary  shares  of  £0.01  each  issued 
during the year 

2018 

2017 

Number 

US$ 

Number 

US$ 

72,594,700 

964,575 

72,594,700 

964,575 

4,425,616 

59,460 

- 

- 

Total ordinary shares of £0.01 each 

77,020,316 

1,024,036 

72,594,700 

964,575 

The Company has one class of Ordinary shares which carry no right to fixed income.  

At 1 January 2017 (Ordinary shares of £1 each) 

Share split (a) 

Issue of shares (b) 

Issue of shares (c) 

Issue of shares (d) 

At 31 December 2017 

Issue of shares (e) 

At 31 December 2018 

Number 

81,297 

Ordinary shares of £0.01 

each, number 

8,129,700 

1,200,000 

40,000,000 

23,265,000 

72,594,700 

4,425,616 

77,020,316 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

(a) 

Share split 

     Annual Report 2018 

On 28 May 2017, the Company subdivided each Ordinary share of £1 each into 100 Ordinary 
shares of £0.01 each.  Following the subdivision, the aggregate number of Ordinary shares in 
issue was 8,129,700. 

(b) 

Issue of shares 

On 26 September 2017, the Company allotted and issued 1,200,000 Ordinary shares of £0.01 
each in full satisfaction of all amounts owed under its US$150,000 short-term promissory note 
with YA Global.  The 1,200,000 Ordinary shares are subject to a one-year lock-in agreement. 

(c) 

Issue of shares 

On 3 October 2017, the Company allotted and issued 40,000,000 Ordinary shares of £0.01 each 
for a subscription price of £0.10 per Ordinary share. 

(d) 

Issue of shares 

On 4 October 2017, the Company allotted and issued 23,265,000 Ordinary shares of £0.01 each 
for a subscription price of £0.10 per Ordinary share. 

(e) 

Issue of shares 

On 31 July 2018, the Company allotted and issued 4,425,616 Ordinary shares of £0.01 each at 
£0.80 per Ordinary share on conversion of the Cuart loan as disclosed in note 16. 

The ordinary shares carry the right to one vote per share at general meetings of the company and the 
rights to share in any distribution of profits or returns of capital and to share in any residual assets available 
for distribution in the event of a winding up. 

18. 

Share Based Payments 

Employee share options 
The  Company  established  employee  share  option  plans  to  enable  the  issue  of  options  as  part  of  the 
remuneration of key management personnel and Directors to enable them to purchase Ordinary shares 
in the Company. Under IFRS 2 “Share-based Payments”, the Company determines the fair value of the 
options issued to Directors and employees as remuneration and recognises the amount as an expense 
in the statement of income with a corresponding increase in equity.  

At 31 December 2018, the Company had outstanding options to subscribe for Ordinary shares as follows: 

Option exercise price 

Number of 
options granted 

Vesting date 

Expiry date 

Fair value of 
individual option 

£0.10 

£0.15 

£0.10 

£0.30 

£0.15 

£0.30 

£0.10 

£0.15 

£0.20 

Total options outstanding 
at 31 December 2018 

421,152 

421,152 

1,123,416 

421,152 

1,123,416 

1,123,416 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

7,633,704 

4 Oct 2017 

4 Apr 2018 

4 Oct 2018 

4 Oct 2018 

4 Oct 2019 

4 Oct 2020 

1 Mar 2019 

1 Mar 2019 

1 Mar 2019 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2022 

4 Oct 2022 

31 May 2019 

31 May 2019 

31 May 2019 

£0.074 

£0.067 

£0.074 

£0.055 

£0.067 

£0.055 

£0.028 

£0.017 

£0.012 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Outstanding at the beginning of the period 

Granted during the period 

Forfeited during the period 

Exercised during the period 

Lapsed during the period 
Outstanding at the end of the period 
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period 

     Annual Report 2018 

2018 

2017 

Weighted 
average 
exercise  
price  
£  
0.18 

0.15 
- 
- 
- 
0.17 
0.13 

Number of 
options 
4,633,704 

3,000,000 
- 
- 
- 
7,633,704 
2,386,872 

Number of 
options  
- 

4,633,704 

- 

- 

- 
4,633,704 
421,152 

Weighted 
average 
exercise 
price 
£ 
- 

0.18 

- 

- 

- 
0.18 
0.10 

During the financial year 3,000,000 (2017: 4,633,704) options were granted at an exercise price ranging 
from £0.1 to £0.2.  These options were granted to the former Directors to release all other liabilities arising 
on the termination of their contract, the options granted in 2018 were valued based on the value of the 
discharged liabilities, which arose on the termination of the former Directors’ contracts 

The weighted average fair value of each option granted during the year was £0.019 (2017: £0.065). 

The exercise price of options outstanding at 31 December 2018 ranged between £0.1 and £0.3 (2017: 
ranged between £0.1 and £0.30). Their weighted average remaining contractual life was 2.45 years (2017: 
4.76 years). 

The weighted average share price (at the date of exercise) of options exercised during the year was nil 
(2017: nil) as no options were exercised. 

The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of the options granted during 
the year under equity-settled share-based remuneration schemes: 

Option pricing model used 

Weighted average share price at grant date, £ 

Weighted average contractual life, years 

Expected volatility, % 

Expected dividend growth rate, % 

Risk-free interest rate (5-year bond), %   

Granted on 4 October 
2017 

Black-Scholes 

0.105 

5.00 

90.91 

0 

0.802 

Calculation of volatility involves significant judgement by the Directors due to the absence of the historical 
trading data for the  Company  at the date  of the  grant. Volatility  number for the  options granted on 15 
October 2018  was calculated based on the  Company’s historical trading data.  Volatility number of the 
options granted on 4 October 2017 was estimated based on the range of 5-year month end volatilities of 
10 similar size listed companies operating in Oil and Gas sector.  

Share-based remuneration expense related to the share options granted during the reporting period and 
part of the charge relating to the options granted in 2017 is included in the administration expenses line 
in the consolidated income statement in the amount of $339,367 (2017: US$111,367). 

Warrants 
During the year ended 31 December 2018 no warrants were granted by the Company.  

During the year ended 31 December 2017 the Company issued the following warrants to subscribe for 
shares: 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Warrant exercise 
price 

£0.10 

£0.125 

Total granted during 
the year 

Number of 
warrants 
granted 

130,200 

1,500,000 

3,630,200 

All warrants granted vested on 4 October 2017. 

     Annual Report 2018 

Vesting date 

Expiry date 

Fair value of 
individual 
option 

4 Oct 2017 

4 Oct 2017 

4 Oct 2020 

4 Oct 2020 

£0.061 

£0.056 

On 4 October 2018, 2,000,000 warrants granted on the date of admission with exercise price of £0.15 
expired. 

The weighted average fair value of each warrant granted during the year was £nil (2017: £0.04). 

The exercise price of warrants outstanding at 31 December 2018 ranged between £0.1 and £0.125 (2017: 
ranged between £0.1 and £0.15). Their weighted average remaining contractual life was 0.65 years (2017: 
1.65 years). 

The weighted average share price (at the date of exercise) of warrants exercised during the year was nil 
(2017: nil) as no warrants were exercised. 

The following information is relevant in the determination of the fair value of the warrants granted during 
the year ended 31 December 2017: 

Warrant pricing model used 

Weighted average share price at grant date, £ 

Weighted average contractual life, years 

Expected volatility, % 

Expected dividend growth rate, % 

Risk-free interest rate (5 year bond), %   

Granted on 4 October 2017 

Black-Scholes 

0.105 

1 - 3 

90.91 

0 

0.802 

Calculation of volatility involves significant judgement by the Directors due to the absence of the historical 
trading data for the Company at the date of the grant. Volatility number above was estimated based on 
the range of 5-year month end volatilities of 10 similar sized listed companies operating in the Oil and 
Gas sector.  

The aggregate fair value related to the share warrants granted during the reporting period has been 
allocated to share premium as share issue cost in the amount of US$nil (2017: US$191,011). 

19. 

Reserves 

Share premium 
The share premium account represents the excess of consideration received for shares issued above 
their nominal value net of transaction costs. 

Foreign currency translation reserve 
The translation reserve represents the exchange gains and losses that have arisen from the retranslation 
of overseas operations. 

Retained earnings 
Retained earnings represent the cumulative profit and loss net of distributions to owners. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

Warrants reserve 
The  warrants  reserve  represents  the  cumulative  fair  value  of  the  warrants,  granted  to  the  investors 
together with placement shares, still outstanding and not exercised. 

Share-based payment reserve 
The share-based payment reserve represents the cumulative charge for options granted, still outstanding 
and not exercised. 

Merger reserve 
The merger reserve represents the cumulative share capital and membership capital contributions of all 
the  companies  included  into  the  legal  acquire  sub-group  less  cost  of  investments  into  these  legal 
acquirees. 

20. 

Financial instruments – risk management  

General objectives, policies and processes 

The overall objective of the Directors is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible without 
unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. Further details regarding these policies are 
set out below. 

The  Directors  review  the  Group’s  monthly  reports  through  which  they  assess  the  effectiveness  of  the 
processes put in place and the appropriateness of the objectives and policies it sets. 

Categories of financial assets and liabilities 

The Group’s activities are exposed to a variety of market risk (including interest rate and currency risk) 
and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall financial risk management policy focuses on the unpredictability of 
financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on its financial performance. 

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as 
follows: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Other receivables; 

cash and cash equivalents; 

trade and other payables; and 

borrowings. 

Other receivables are initially measured at fair value and subsequently carried at amortised cost.  

The  carrying  value  of  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  maturing  within  the  next  12  months 
approximates their fair value due to the relatively short-term maturity of the financial instruments. 

The Group had no financial assets or liabilities carried at fair values at the end of each reporting date. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

A summary of the financial instruments held by category is provided below: 

Financial assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Other receivables 

Restricted cash 

Financial liabilities 
Trade payables 

Short-term borrowings 

Credit risk 

     Annual Report 2018 

2018 
US$ 

2017 
US$ 

125,621 

1,595,035 

36,157 

125,000 

148,616 

125,440 

370,646 

213,812 

385,840 

578,599 

The Group’s exposure to credit risk, or the risk of counterparties defaulting, arises mainly from notes and 
other  receivables.  The  Directors  manage  the  Group’s  exposure  to  credit  risk  by  the  application  of 
monitoring  procedures  on  an  ongoing  basis.  For  other  financial  assets  (including  cash  and  bank 
balances), the Directors minimise credit risk by dealing exclusively with high credit rating counterparties. 

Credit risk concentration profile 

The Group’s receivables do not have significant credit risk exposure to any single counterparty or any 
group of counterparties having similar characteristics. The Directors define major credit risk as exposure 
to a concentration exceeding 10% of a total class of such asset. 

The Company maintains its cash reserves in Barclays Bank UK PLC, which maintains the following credit 
ratings:  

Credit Agency 

Standard and Poor’s  Moody’s  Fitch 

R&I 

Long Term 

Short Term 

Unsupported  Group  Credit  /Baseline 
Credit Assessment/Viability Rating 

A/Stable 

A1/Stable  A+ 

A/Stable 

A-1 

bbb+ 

P-1 

A3 

F1 

a 

N/A 

N/A 

Exposure to credit risk 

As the Group does not hold any collateral, the maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the 
carrying amount of the financial assets as at the end of each reporting period. 

Market risk - interest rate risk 

Market risk arises from the Group's use of interest bearing and foreign currency financial instruments. It 
is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes 
in interest rates (interest rate risk), foreign exchange rates (currency risk) or other market factors (other 
price risk). The Group’s interest rate risk arises from short-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable 
rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk, which is partially offset by cash held at variable 
rates. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. The Directors’ 
policy is to maintain a majority of the Group’s borrowings in fixed rate instruments. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

The  Directors  have  analysed  the  Group’s  interest  rate  exposure  on  a  dynamic  basis.  This  takes  into 
consideration  refinancing,  renewal  of  existing  positions  and  alternative  financing.  Based  on  these 
considerations, the Directors believe the Group’s exposure to cash flow and fair value interest rate risk is 
not significant. 

Market risk - currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that the  value  of financial  instruments will fluctuate due  to changes  in foreign 
exchange rates. Currency risk arises when future commercial transactions and recognised assets and 
liabilities  are  denominated  in  a  currency  that  is  not  the  Group’s  measurement  currency.  The  Group  is 
exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures primarily with respect to the 
UK Pound Sterling (£). The Directors monitor the exchange rate fluctuations on a continuous basis and 
acts  accordingly.  The  following  sensitivity  analysis  shows  the  effects  on  loss  before  tax  of  10% 
increase/decrease in the exchange rates of the US$ versus closing exchange rates of UK Pound Sterling 
as at 31 December 2018: 

Loss before tax 

Liquidity risk 

+10% 
US$ 

-10% 
US$ 

Increase in loss by 
US$88,587 

Decrease in loss by 
US$88,587 

The Group currently holds cash balances to provide funding for normal trading activity. Trade and other 
payables are monitored as part of normal management routine and all amounts outstanding fall due in 
one year or less. 

Capital management 

The  Group  defines  capital  as  the  total  equity  of  the  Group.  The  Directors’  objectives  when  managing 
capital  are  to  safeguard  its  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern  in  order  to  provide  returns  for 
shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce 
the cost of capital. 

To meet these objectives, the Directors review the budgets and projections on a regular basis to ensure 
there is sufficient capital to meet the needs of the Group through to profitability and positive cash flow. 

The capital structure of the Group consists of shareholders’ equity as set out in the consolidated statement 
of  changes  in  equity.  All  working  capital  requirements  are  financed  from  existing  cash  resources  and 
borrowings. 

Whilst the Group does not currently have distributable profits, it is part of the capital strategy to provide 
returns for shareholders and benefits for members in the future. 

Capital for further development of the Group’s activities will, where possible, be achieved by share issues 
or other finance as appropriate. 

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Directors may return capital to shareholders, issue 
new shares or sell assets to reduce debt. It also ensures that distributions to shareholders do not exceed 
working capital requirements. 

The Group has no external debt finance and is not subject to any external capital requirements. 

Fair value hierarchy 

All the financial assets and financial liabilities recognised in the Group financial statements are shown at 
the carrying value, which also approximates the fair values of those financial instruments. Therefore, no 
separate disclosure for fair value hierarchy is required. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

21. 

Operating lease commitments 

     Annual Report 2018 

All the Group’s leases are short-term leases, which are month-to-month obligations (i.e., UK virtual office, 
US virtual office and US storage operating leases). There are no future minimum lease payments under 
non-cancellable operating leases to disclose. The UK virtual office lease contract was running from 27 
May 2017 until 31 May 2018, so there are no outstanding operating lease commitments to disclose. 

All operating land lease agreements for the mining exploration areas are outside of the scope of IAS 17. 
Coos County annual lease payment is US$28,971 and is payable bi-annual instalments with payment due 
in April and October. 

22. 

Related party transactions 

Balances and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, Coos Bay Energy LLC, Westport 
Energy Acquisition, Inc., and Westport Energy LLC are eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed 
in this note. Balances and transactions between the Group and other related parties are disclosed below. 

Promissory notes 

During the year ended 31 December 2018, US$100,000 of promissory notes were issued to YA Global 
Investments LP, a company that is also the majority shareholder of the business, see note 16 for further 
information.  

During the year ended 31 December 2017, Cuart Investments PCC Limited (‘Cuart’) who were holders of 
US$404,730 of promissory notes were issued with 1,500,000 warrants with an exercise price of US$0.169 
(£0.125) On 04 October 2017, Cuart transferred its entire interest in the promissory note to Barry Liben, 
the note has been converted in full into the Ordinary shares of the Company on 31 July 2018, but Cuart 
retained the above-referenced warrant see notes 16 and 18 for further information.  Cuart is considered 
to be a related party of Riverfort Capital, which is controlled by a former Director of the Company, Brian 
Kinane.    

Remuneration of Directors 

The  remuneration  of  the  senior  Executive  Management  Committee  members,  who  are  the  key 
management personnel of the Group, is set out in aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 
24 “Related Party Disclosures” in note 5. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Company statement of financial position 
as at 31 December 2018 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investments in subsidiaries 
Amounts receivable from subsidiary undertakings 
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 
Total assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Total liabilities 

Capital and reserves attributable to shareholders 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Merger relief reserve 
Warrants reserve 
Share-based payments reserve 
Accumulated losses brought forward 
Loss for the year 
Total capital and reserves 
Total equity and liabilities 

     Annual Report 2018 

Note 

2018 
£ 

2017 
£ 

28 
29 

30 
0 

32 
33 

34 
34 

2,800,275 
1,602,227 
4,402,502 

3,733,699 
1,103,855 
4,837,554 

28,490 
98,991 
127,482 
4,529,983 

87,867 
755,104 
842,971 
5,680,525 

222,087 
168,486 
390,573 

87,314 
428,877 
516,191 

770,203 
2,675,156 
2,800,000 
143,942 
338,995 
(996,104) 
(1,592,782) 
4,139,410 
4,529,983 

725,947 
2,404,144 
2,800,000 
143,942 
86,405 
(293,676) 
(702,428) 
5,164,334 
5,680,525 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 April 
2019 and are signed on its behalf by: 

Scott Kaintz 
Director 

The notes to the Company statement of financial position form part of these financial statements. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
        
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Company statement of changes in equity 

     Annual Report 2018 

Share 
capital 
£ 

Share 
Premium 
£ 

81,297 

569,065 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

644,650 

2,201,850 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(222,829) 

(143,942) 

- 

- 

Merger 
relief 
reserve 
£ 

Share-
based 
payments 
reserve 
£ 

Share 
warrants 
reserve 
£ 

Accumulated 
loss 
£ 

Total 
£ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,800,000 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

86,405 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

143,942 

- 

- 

(293,676) 

356,686 

(702,428) 

(702,428) 

- 

- 

(702,428) 

(702,428) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,846,500 

(222,829) 

- 

86,405 

2,800,000 

725,947 

2,404,144 

2,800,000 

86,405 

143,942 

(996,104) 

5,164,334 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

44,256 

309,793 

- 

- 

(38,781) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

252,590 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,592,782) 

(1,592,782) 

- 

- 

(1,592,782) 

(1,592,782) 

- 

- 

- 

354,049 

(38,781) 

252,590 

770,203 

2,675,156 

2,800,000 

338,995 

143,942 

(2,595,758) 

4,139,410 

Equity as at 1 January 
2017 

Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income for the year 
Total comprehensive loss 
for the year 

Issue of shares 
Share issue and 
fundraising costs 

Issue of share warrants 

Issue of share options 

Acquisition of Coos Bay 
Equity as at 31 December 
2017 

Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive 
income for the year 
Total comprehensive 
loss for the year 

Issue of shares 
Share issue and 
fundraising costs 

Issue of share options 
Equity as at 31 December 
2018 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Company statement of cash flows 
for the year ended 31 December 2018 

Cash flow from operating activities 
Loss before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Finance expense 
Finance income 
Share-based payments charge 
Impairment of loans and receivables 
Impairment of investments in subsidiaries 
Unrealised foreign exchange movements 
Operating cashflows before working capital changes  
Changes in working capital: 
Increase/(decrease) in payables 
Increase in receivables 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Financing activities 
Issue of ordinary shares 
Cost of share issue 
Proceeds from new borrowings 
Amounts due from subsidiaries 
Net cash flow from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents in 
the period 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 

     Annual Report 2018 

Notes 

2018 
£ 

2017 
£ 

(1,592,782) 

(702,428) 

31,499 
(39,368) 
252,590 
3,174 
933,424 
4,856 
(406,607) 

(13,993) 
68,262 
(352,338) 

12,522 
(36,611) 
86,405 
- 
- 
2,656 
(637,456) 

(4,142) 
(87,867) 
(729,465) 

- 
(38,782) 
77,208 
(342,201) 
(303,775) 

2,326,500 
(222,829) 
- 
(629,817) 
1,473,854 

(656,113) 
755,104 

744,389 
10,715 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 

98,991 

755,104 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

Notes to the Company financial statements 

23. 

Significant accounting policies 

     Annual Report 2018 

The separate financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2016 
(“the Act”).  As permitted by the Act, the separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards. 

The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis.    The  principal  accounting 
policies adopted are the same as those set out in note 2 to the consolidated financial statements except 
as noted below. 

Company statement of comprehensive income 
As  permitted  by  Section  408  Companies  Act  2006,  the  Company  has  not  presented  its  own  income 
statement  or  statement  of  comprehensive  income.  The  Company’s  loss  for  the  financial  year  was 
£1,592,782  (2017:  £702,428).  The  Company’s  total  comprehensive  loss  for  the  financial  year  was 
£1,592,782 (2017: £702,428). 

Investments in subsidiaries 
Investments  that  were  previously  reported  as  available-for-sale  investments  under  IAS  39,  were  re-
classified  as  financial  instruments  with  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (FVTOCI),  are 
stated at fair value of the consideration and reviewed for impairment, if there are any indications that the 
carrying value may not be recoverable. 

Receivables from subsidiaries 

Impairment  provisions  for  receivables  from  related  parties  and  loans  to  related  parties  are  recognised 
based on a forward-looking expected credit loss model. The methodology used to determine the amount 
of  the  provision  is  based  on  whether  there  has  been  a  significant  increase  in  credit  risk  since  initial 
recognition  of  the  financial  asset.  For  those  where  the  credit  risk  has  not  increased  significantly  since 
initial  recognition  of  the  financial  asset,  twelve  month  expected  credit  losses  along  with  gross  interest 
income are recognised. For those for which credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime expected credit 
losses along with the gross interest income are recognised. For those that are determined to be credit 
impaired, lifetime expected credit losses along with interest income on a net basis are recognised. 

24. 

Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

The Company’s finacial statements, and in particular its investments in and receivables from subsidiaries, 
are affected by the critical accountin judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty in respect of 
the recoverability of exploration and evaluation assets which are described in note 2 to the consolidated 
financial statements. 

Recoverability of investment in subsidiaries and amounts due from subsidiaries 

Where  the  majority  of  the  assets  of  subsidiary  undertakings  are  exploration  and  evaluation  assets, 
determining  whether an investment in and  loan  to  a  subsidiary  is  impaired requires an assessment of 
whether there are any indicators of impairment, of these underlying exploration and evaluation assets.  If 
there is any indication of potential impairment, an impairment test is required based on value in use of the 
asset.  This assessment involves judgement as to: (i) the likely future commerciality of each cost pool of 
assets;  (ii)  when  such  commerciality  should  be  determined,  and  (iii)  the  potential  future  revenues  and 
value in use.  The value in use calculation requires the entity to estimate the future cash flows expected 
to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value. 

25. 

Auditor’s remuneration 

The auditor’s remuneration for audit and other services is disclosed in note 4 to the consolidated financial 
statements. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

26. 

Directors and staff 

     Annual Report 2018 

There were no staff employed by the Company during the year ended 31 December 2017. Scott Kaintz, 
Executive Director of the Company, has been employed since 5 November 2018. 

Key management remuneration is disclosed in note 5 to the consolidated financial statements. 

27. 

Administrative expenses 

Staff costs 
Share based payments 

Professional and consultancy fees 

Other general administrative expenses 

Total 

28. 

Investments 

Investment in subsidiaries 

Costs at beginning of the year 

Additions 

Impairment 

Total 

2018 
£ 

2017 
£ 

137,650 
252,590 

153,857 

118,275 

662,372 

46,012 
86,405 

333,418 

222,830 

688,665 

2018 
£ 

3,733,699 

2017 
£ 

- 

- 

3,733,699 

(933,424) 

- 

2,800,275 

3,733,699 

The impairment figure utlized of £933,424 was calcuated based on DCF and qualitative analysis of the 
Company’s investment in Coos Bay Energy LLC.  The Company considered factors such as the cost of 
drililng  new  coal  bed  methane  wells,  estimated  gas  flow  rates,  royalties  and  anticipated  operating 
expenses.  The reduction in the value of the subsidary represents a proportion fo the work completed in 
2018 that may not form a definitive part of the Company’s future efforts at the project.   The Company’s 
subsidiaries are disclosed in note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. 

29. 

Receivables from subsidaries and related party transactions 

Loans to subsidiaries 

2018 
£ 

2017 
£ 

1,602,227 

1,103,855 

1,602,227 

1,103,855 

The Group (comprising Coos Bay Energy LLC and its directly and indirectly wholly-owned subsidiaries 
Westport Energy Acquisition, Inc. and Westport Energy LLC ) is a related party through common control. 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

During the period ended 31 December 2018, the maximum amount owed by the Group to the Company 
was £1,602,227 (2017:  £1,138,435).  The related  party  loans  are unsecured  and are repayable  on 31 
December 2019. Interest is receivable at a rate of 9%. At 31 December 2018, £39,368 (2017: £58,034) 
was accrued and included in the above balance. The carrying amount of these assets approximates their 
fair value. No expected credit losses were recognised in relation to these intercompany loans during the 
reporting period and at 31 December 2018. There was no increase in credit risk in relation to these loans 
at year end compared to their credit risk at inception. Please also see note 35. 

The  remuneration  of  the  senior  Executive  Management  Committee  members,  who  are  the  key 
management personnel of the Group, is set out in aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 
24 “Related Party Disclosures” in note 5. 

30. 

Prepayments and other receivables 

VAT recoverable 

Prepayments 

Other debtors 

2018 
£ 

18,292 

10,199 

- 

28,491 

2017 
£ 

84,693 

3,174 

87,867 

The  fair  value  of  receivables  and  deposits  approximates  their  carrying  amount,  as  the  impact  of 
discounting is not significant. The receivables are not impaired and are not past due. 

31. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following: 

Cash in hand and at bank 

32. 

Current liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Trade and other payables 

Accruals 

33. 

Short-term borrowings 

2018 
£ 
98,991 

2017 
£ 
755,104 

2018 
£ 

133,254 

88,833 

222,087 

2017 
£ 

29,814 
57,500 

87,314 

As at 31 December 2018, the Company had an outstanding promissory note of £168,486 (2017: 428,877), 
please refer to note 16. 

34. 

Share capital 

The movements in the share capital account are disclosed in note 17 to the financial statements. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Curzon Energy Plc 

     Annual Report 2018 

35. 

Financial instruments – risk management 

The Company’s strategy and financial risk management objectives are described in note 20.  

Principal financial instruments 
The principal financial instruments used by the Company from which risk arises are as follows: 

Financial assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Other receivables 

Loans due from subsidiaries 

Financial liabilities 
Trade payables 

Short-term borrowings 

2018 
£ 

2017 
£ 

98,991 

18,292 

755,104 

87,867 

1,602,227 

1,103,855 

133,254 

168,486 

29,814 

428,877 

Credit risk 
Credit  risk  refers  to  the  risk  that  a  counterparty  will  default  on  its  contractual  obligations  resulting  in 
financial loss to the Company. 

In addition to the risks described in note 20 , which affect the Group, the Company is also subject to credit 
risk on the balances receivable from subsidiaries, see note 29. 

36. 

Events after the reporting period 

Equity Placing and Loan Note Update  

On 1 March 2019 the Company announced the placing of 6,012,655 new ordinary shares of £0.01 each 
at a price of £0.0158 per share.  Investors in these shares also received 1 warrant for every 2 placing 
shares purchased exerciseable into ordinary shares at a price of £0.0158 per ordinary share for a period 
of twenty four months following the placing.  The gross proceeds raised from the placing were £95,000.   

The Company further announced that YA Global Investments, an entity related to the Company’s largest 
shareholder, would commence a draw down of a matching amount to the completed placing.  At the time 
of the annoucement the Company retained $900,000 undrawn on the $1,000,000 facility. 

On 16 April 2019 the Company signed an amendment letter with YA Global Investment, LP, in which the 
parties agreed that in respect of the first tranche of $100,000, and in respect of any further tranches to be 
drawn down, the Company shall pay the total principle amount outstanding on the last business day of 
October 2020.   

Directorate Changes     

On  15  March  2019  the  Company  announced  that  Brian  Kinane  had  resigned  as  a  Director  of  the 
Company.   

37. 

Controlling party 

As at 31 December 2018, the Company did not have an ultimate controlling party.  

58