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Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.

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FY2023 Annual Report · Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.
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2023 Annual Report

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. 

898 Veterans Memorial Highway, Suite 560, Hauppauge, NY 11788 

dime.com

2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fellow Shareholders:

Our vision at Dime Community Bank is to become the premier 
community commercial bank from Montauk to Manhattan, by 
partnering  and  building  trusted  relationships  with  our 
colleagues  and  customers  and  providing  solutions  for  their 
financial  success.  Our  customers  value  our  local  decisioning, 
and our single point of contact approach, matched with best-in-
class technology. 

They also value Dime’s long history of financial strength. Since 
opening  our  doors  in  1864,  Dime  has  endured  the  great 
depression, two world wars, the financial crisis of 2008, and a 
global  pandemic.  At  each  point,  Dime  has  leaned  into  the 
communities we serve to support their needs and provided a 
safe harbor during these times. 

2023 in Review

2023 was marked by the failure of several regional banks. While 
these  events  shook  the  confidence  of  banking  customers 
nationwide, Dime stood firm. As a result of our strong balance 
sheet, which is supported by over $1.0 Billion in Tier 1 capital, 
we grew both loans and deposits in 2023. 

We  took  our  Private  and  Commercial  Bank  operations  to  the 
next level and seized the opportunity to hire several productive 
banking  teams.  Importantly, we made numerous enhancements 
to  our  systems  and  processes  and  created  a  best-in-class 
customer experience. I would like to thank all our employees 
for this bank-wide initiative, which will serve us well in the years 
ahead. 

The initial results of the expansion of the Private and Commercial 
Bank  are  well  documented.  Dime’s  Private  and  Commercial 
Bank booked over $500 Million of low-cost deposits in less than 
twelve months. As we continue to execute on our growth plan, 
we expect to remain active on the recruitment front. 

5-Year Total Asset Trend
$ in Billions1

$11.3

$11.9

$12.1

$13.2

$13.6

$15

$12

$9

$6

$3

$0

Customer Focused and Community Driven in 2024

As  we  continue  our  journey  of  recruitment  and  growth,  we 
have  also  focused  on  diversifying  our  balance  sheet  with  the 
addition of a new Healthcare lending vertical. We believe we 
have  state-of-the-art  and  customer  centric  technology:  some 
examples  include  Dime  Escrow  Express  for  Law  Firms  &  Title 
Companies, Positive Pay for Fraud Prevention, and Smart Safe 
Remote Deposit with next-day credit for specialized industries. 

Our commitment to the communities we serve remains just as 
strong as our commitment to growth. Our 60 branch locations, 
now including Staten Island, remain as foundational pillars of 
strength and stability in our communities; our branch network 
is a valuable source of low-cost, granular deposits. We have not 
slowed  down  after  receiving  an  “Outstanding”  rating  for  our 
efforts pertaining to the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. 
In  fact,  in  classic  Dime  fashion,  we  have  leaned  in  to  work 
harder.  We  now  have  over  200  employee  volunteers  for 
community  efforts.  This  is  a  testament  to  our  dedicated 
employees. 

In closing, we are steadfast in our commitment to become the 
premier  community  commercial  bank,  from  Montauk  to 
Manhattan  and  delivering  value 
for  our  shareholders, 
customers, and communities alike.

Sincerely, 

$15

$12

$11.3

$11.9

$12.1

$13.2

$13.6

Stuart H. Lubow 
President & Chief Executive Officer

$9

$6

$3

$0

$12

$10

$8

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

5-Year Deposit & Loan Trend 
$ in Billions1

$10.5

$10.5 $10.5

$10.3

$10.7

$10.0

$9.0

$9.1

$9.2

$8.2

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

1Totals represent combined historical data for the merged entities as of year-end.

Deposits

Loans

$12

$10

$10.5

$10.5 $10.5

$10.3

$10.7

$10.0

$9.0

$9.1

$9.2

FORM 10-K 

2023

[(cid:100)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:400)(cid:3)(cid:393)(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:286)(cid:3)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:415)(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:455)(cid:3)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:332)(cid:3)(cid:271)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:364)]

(cid:1409)(cid:1409)

(cid:1407)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

Commission file number 001-34096

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

11-2934195
(I.R.S. employer identification number)

898 Veterans Memorial Highway, Suite 560, Hauppauge, NY
(Address of principal executive offices)

11788
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (631) 537-1000

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share

Trading 
Symbol(s)
DCOM
DCOMP

Name of exchange on which registered

The Nasdaq Stock Market
The Nasdaq Stock Market

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES (cid:1409) NO (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. YES (cid:1407) NO (cid:1409)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to 
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES (cid:1409) NO (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 
of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such 
files). YES (cid:1409) NO (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or 
an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer (cid:1409)
Non-accelerated filer (cid:1407)

Accelerated filer (cid:1407)
Smaller reporting company (cid:1407)
Emerging growth company (cid:1407)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any 
new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal 
control  over  financial  reporting under  Section  404(b) of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  USC.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public  accounting  firm  that 
prepared or issued its audit report. (cid:1409)

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in 
the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation 
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes (cid:1407) No (cid:1409)

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2023 was approximately $610.4 million based 
upon the $17.63 closing price on the NASDAQ National Market for a share of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2023.

The registrant had 38,826,981 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of February 15, 2024. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be distributed on behalf of the Board of Directors of Registrant in connection with the Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2024 and any adjournment thereof, are incorporated by reference in Part III. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Business
Risk Factors
Unresolved Staff Comments
Cybersecurity
Properties
Legal Proceedings
Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities
[Reserved]
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
Other Information
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Compensation
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
Form 10-K Summary
Signatures

PART IV

Page

5
14
21
21
23
23
23

24

25
25
42
45
104
104
104
104

105
105
105

105
105

106
112
113

Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.

Item 5.

Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.

Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.

Item 13.
Item 14.

Item 15.
Item 16.

3 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains statements relating to our future results (including certain projections and business trends) that are 
considered  “forward-looking  statements”  as  defined  in  the  Private  Securities  Litigation  Reform  Act  of  1995  (the 
“PSLRA”). Such forward-looking statements, in addition to historical information, which involve risk and uncertainties, 
are based on the beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our management. Words such as “expects,” “believes,” “should,” 
“plans,”  “anticipates,” “will,”  “potential,”  “could,”  “intend,”  “may,”  “outlook,”  “predict,”  “project,”  “would,” 
“estimated,” “assumes,” “likely,” and variations of such similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking 
statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, possible or assumed estimates with 
respect to the financial condition, expected or anticipated revenue, and results of operations and our business, including 
earnings  growth;  revenue  growth  in  retail  banking,  lending  and  other  areas;  origination  volume  in  the  consumer, 
commercial and other lending businesses; current and future capital management programs; non-interest income levels, 
including fees from the title insurance subsidiary and banking services as well as product sales; tangible capital generation; 
market share; expense levels; and other business operations and strategies. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for 
forward-looking statements contained in the PSLRA.

Forward-looking statements are based upon various assumptions and analyses made by Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 
together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, (the “Company”) in light of management’s experience and its perception 
of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes appropriate 
under the circumstances. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties 
and other factors (many of which are beyond the Company’s control) that could cause actual conditions or results to differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue 
reliance on such statements. These factors include, without limitation, the following:

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

there may be increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or from non-financial institutions;
inflation and fluctuation in market interest rates may affect demand for our products, operating costs, interest 
margins and the fair value of financial instruments;
our net interest margin is subject to material short-term fluctuation based upon market rates;
changes in deposit flows, loan demand or real estate values may affect the business of Dime Community Bank 
(the “Bank”);
changes  in  accounting  principles,  policies  or  guidelines  may  cause  the  Company’s  financial  condition  to  be 
perceived differently;
changes in corporate and/or individual income tax laws or policies may adversely affect the Company’s business 
or financial condition or results of operations; 
socio-economic conditions, including conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and any other public health 
emergency, international conflict, inflation, and recessionary pressures, either nationally or locally in some or all 
areas in which the Company conducts business, or conditions in the securities markets or the banking industry, 
may  be  different  than  the  Company  currently  anticipates and  may  adversely  affect  our  customers,  financials 
results and operations; 
legislative, regulatory or policy changes may adversely affect the Company’s business or results of operations; 
technological changes may be more difficult or expensive than the Company anticipates;
the Company may experiences breaches or failures of its information technology security systems;
success  or  consummation of new  business  initiatives  or  the  integration  of  any  acquired entities  may  be  more 
difficult or expensive than the Company anticipates;
litigation or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, 
may delay the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than the Company anticipates; and
the Company may be subject to other risks, as enumerated under Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on 
Form 10-K and in quarterly and other reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company has no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date 
of this document.

4 

Item 1. Business 

General 

PART I 

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company engaged in commercial banking and 
financial services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Dime Community Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank was established 
in 1910 and is headquartered in Hauppauge, New York. The Holding Company was incorporated under the laws of the 
State of New York in 1988 to serve as the holding company for the Bank. The Company functions primarily as the holder 
of all of the Bank’s common stock. Our bank operations include Dime Community Inc., a real estate investment trust 
subsidiary, and Dime Abstract LLC (“Dime Abstract”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, which is a broker of title 
insurance services.  

For over a century, we have maintained our focus on building customer relationships in our market area. Our mission is to 
grow through the provision of exceptional service to our customers, our employees, and the community. We strive to 
achieve excellence in financial performance and build long-term shareholder value. We engage in providing full service 
commercial and consumer banking services, including accepting time, savings and demand deposits from the businesses, 
consumers, and local municipalities in our market area. These deposits, together with funds generated from operations and 
borrowings,  are  invested  primarily  in:  (1) commercial  real  estate  loans  (“CRE”);  (2) multi-family  mortgage  loans; 
(3) residential  mortgage  loans;  (4) secured  and  unsecured  commercial  and  consumer  loans;  (5) home  equity  loans; 
(6) construction and land loans; (7) Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie 
Mae”),  Government  National  Mortgage  Association  (“Ginnie  Mae”)  and  Federal  Home  Loan  Mortgage  Corporation 
(“Freddie Mac”) mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and other asset backed securities; (8) 
U.S. Treasury securities; (9) New York State and local municipal obligations; (10) U.S. government-sponsored enterprise 
(“U.S. GSE”) securities; and  (11) corporate bonds. We also offer the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service 
(“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) programs, providing multi-millions of dollars of Federal Deposit Insurance 
Corporation  (“FDIC”)  insurance  on  deposits  to  our  customers.  In  addition,  we  offer  merchant  credit and  debit  card 
processing, automated teller machines, cash management services, lockbox processing, online banking services, remote 
deposit  capture,  safe  deposit  boxes,  and  individual  retirement  accounts  as  well  as  investment  services  through  Dime
Financial Services LLC, which offers a full range of investment products and services through a third-party broker dealer. 
Through its title insurance subsidiary, the Bank acts as a broker for title insurance services. Our customer base is comprised 
principally of small and medium sized businesses, municipal relationships and consumer relationships. 

On February 1, 2021, Dime Community Bancshares, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Dime”) merged with and into 
Bridge Bancorp, Inc., a New York corporation (“Bridge”) (the “Merger”), with Bridge as the surviving corporation under 
the  name  “Dime  Community  Bancshares,  Inc.”  (the  “Holding  Company”).  At  the  effective  time  of  the  Merger  (the 
“Effective Time”), each outstanding share of Legacy Dime common stock, par value $0.01 per share, was converted into 
the right to receive 0.6480 shares of the Holding Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share. 

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Legacy Dime’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 (the “Dime 
Preferred Stock”), was converted into the right to receive one share of a newly created series of the Holding Company’s 
preferred stock having the same powers, preferences and rights as the Dime Preferred Stock.

Immediately following the Merger, Dime Community Bank, a New York-chartered commercial bank and a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Legacy Dime, merged with and into BNB Bank, a New York-chartered trust company and a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Bridge, with BNB Bank as the surviving bank, under the name “Dime Community Bank” (the “Bank”).  

As of December 31, 2023, we operated 60 branch locations throughout Long Island and the New York City boroughs of 
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and the Bronx.  

Human Capital Resources 

Demographics and Culture

As of December 31, 2023, we employed 851 full-time equivalent employees. Our employees are not represented by a 
collective  bargaining  agreement.  Our  culture  in the  workplace  encourages  employees  to  care  about  each  other,  the 

5 

communities they serve, and the work they do. We believe strong community ties, customer focus, accountability, and 
development of the communities in which we operate will have a favorable long-term impact on our business performance. 
Our  employees  are  passionate  and  empowered  to  build relationships  and  provide  customized  banking  solutions  to  the 
communities we serve. We believe in hiring well-qualified people from a wide range of backgrounds who align to values 
like integrity, innovation, and teamwork. As an equal opportunity employer, our decisions to select and promote employees 
are unbiased as we seek to build a diverse and inclusive team of employees.

Labor Policies and Benefits

We offer our employees a comprehensive benefits package that will support, maintain, and protect their physical, mental, 
and financial health. We sponsor various wellness programs that promote the health and wellness of our employees. 

Training, Development and Retention

We  are  committed  to  retaining  employees  by  being  competitive  in  providing  cash  and  non-cash  rewards,  benefits, 
recognition, and professional development opportunities. We offer an 8-week summer internship program through local 
colleges that provide students with valuable experience in the professional fields they are considering career paths. It also
provides a post-graduation pipeline of future employees. In addition, we maintain equity incentive plans under which we 
may issue shares of our common stock. Refer to Note 20. “Stock-Based Compensation” of the Notes to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details of our equity incentive 
plans.  We  promote  career  development  and  continuing  education  by  offering  internal  training  programs  and  tuition 
reimbursement for programs that develop skills related to our business. 

Competition and Principal Market Areas

All phases  of  our  business  are  highly  competitive. We  face  direct  competition  from  a  significant  number  of  financial 
institutions  operating  in  our  market  area,  many  with  a  statewide  or  regional  presence,  and  in  some  cases,  a  national 
presence. There is also competition for banking business from competitors outside of our market areas. Most of these 
competitors are significantly larger than us, and therefore have greater financial and marketing resources and lending limits
than us. The fixed cost of regulatory compliance remains high for community banks as compared to their larger competitors 
that are able to achieve economies of scale. We consider our major competition to be local commercial banks as well as 
other  commercial  banks  with  branches  in  our  market  area.  Other  competitors  include  savings  banks,  credit  unions, 
mortgage brokers and other financial services firms, such as investment and insurance companies. Increased competition 
within our market areas may limit growth and profitability. The title insurance subsidiary also faces competition from 
other title insurance brokers as well as directly from the companies that underwrite title insurance. In New York State, title 
insurance is obtained on most transfers of real estate and mortgage transactions.

Our principal market area is Greater Long Island, which includes the counties of Kings, Queens, Nassau and Suffolk, and 
Manhattan. Industries represented across the principal market areas include retail establishments; construction and trades; 
restaurants and bars; lodging and recreation; professional entities; real estate; health services; passenger transportation; 
high-tech manufacturing; and agricultural and related businesses. Given its proximity, Long Island’s economy is closely 
linked  with  New  York  City’s  and  major  employers  in  the  area  include  municipalities,  school  districts,  hospitals,  and 
financial institutions.  

Taxation

The Holding Company, the Bank and its subsidiaries, report their income on a consolidated basis using the accrual method 
of accounting and are subject to federal taxation as well as income tax of the State and City of New York, and the State of 
New Jersey. In general, banks are subject to federal income tax in the same manner as other corporations. However, gains 
and losses realized by banks from the sale of available-for-sale securities are generally treated as ordinary income, rather 
than capital gains or losses. The taxation of net income is similar to federal taxable income subject to certain modifications. 

6 

Regulation and Supervision 

Dime Community Bank

The Bank is a New York State-chartered trust company and a member of the Federal Reserve System (a “member bank”). 
The  lending,  investment,  and  other  business  operations  of the  Bank  are  governed by  New  York  and  federal  laws  and 
regulations.  The  Bank  is  subject  to  extensive  regulation  by  the  New  York  State  Department  of  Financial  Services 
(“NYSDFS”) and, as a member bank, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). The Bank’s 
deposit accounts are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC under its Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) and the FDIC 
has certain regulatory authority as deposit insurer. A summary of the primary laws and regulations that govern the Bank’s 
operations are set forth below.

Loans and Investments

The powers of a New York commercial bank (which include,  for this purpose, trust companies such as the Bank) are 
established by New York law and applicable federal law. New York commercial banks have authority to originate and 
purchase  any  type  of  loan,  including  commercial,  commercial  real  estate,  residential  mortgage,  and  consumer  loans. 
Aggregate loans by a state commercial bank to any single borrower or group of related borrowers are generally limited to 
15% of the Bank’s capital and surplus, plus an additional 10% if secured by specified readily marketable collateral.

Federal and state law and regulations limit the Bank’s investment authority. Generally, a state member bank is prohibited 
from investing in corporate equity securities for its own account other than the equity securities of companies through 
which the bank conducts its business. Under federal and state regulations, a New York state member bank may invest in 
investment  securities  for  its  own  account  up  to  a  specified  limit  depending  upon  the  type  of  security.  “Investment 
Securities” are generally defined as marketable obligations that are investment grade and not predominantly speculative 
in nature. Applicable regulations classify investment securities into five different types and, depending on its type, a state 
member bank may have the authority to deal in and underwrite the security. New York state member banks may also 
purchase certain non-investment securities that can be reclassified and underwritten as loans.

Lending Standards

The federal banking agencies adopted uniform regulations prescribing standards for extensions of credit that are secured 
by liens on interests in real estate or made for the purpose of financing the construction of a building or other improvements 
to real estate. Under these regulations, all insured depository institutions, like the Bank, adopted and maintain written 
policies that establish appropriate limits and standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real 
estate or are made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. These policies must establish loan 
portfolio  diversification  standards,  prudent  underwriting  standards  (including  loan-to-value  limits)  that  are  clear  and 
measurable,  loan  administration  procedures,  and  documentation,  approval  and  reporting  requirements.  The  real  estate 
lending policies must reflect consideration of the Interagency Guidelines for Real Estate Lending Policies that have been 
adopted by the federal bank regulators.

Federal Deposit Insurance

The Bank is a member of the DIF, which is administered by the FDIC. Our deposit accounts are insured by the FDIC. The 
deposit insurance available on all deposit accounts is $250,000.

The FDIC assesses insured depository institutions to maintain the DIF. Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, 
institutions deemed less risky pay lower assessments.  Assessments for institutions with $10 billion or more of assets are 
primarily based on a scorecard approach by the FDIC, including factors such as examination ratings, financial measures, 
and modeling measuring the institution’s ability to withstand asset-related and funding-related stress and potential loss to 
the DIF in the event of the institution’s failure. The assessment range (inclusive of possible adjustments specified by the 
regulations) for institutions with total assets of more than $10 billion is 2.5 to 42 basis points, effective January 1, 2023.  
In 2023, the FDIC approved a final rule to implement a special assessment to recover the loss to the DIF associated with 
the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. 

7 

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound 
practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order 
or condition imposed by the FDIC. The Company does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to 
termination of deposit insurance.

Capitalization

Federal regulations require FDIC insured depository institutions, including state member banks, to meet several minimum 
capital standards:  a common equity tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a tier 1 capital to risk-based assets 
ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio of 8.0%, and a tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio of 4.0%. 
The existing capital requirements were effective January 1, 2015 and are the result of a final rule implementing regulatory 
amendments based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the 
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Common equity tier 1 capital is 
generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common 
equity  tier  1  and  additional  tier  1  capital.  Additional  tier  1  capital  generally  includes  certain  noncumulative  perpetual 
preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital 
includes  tier  1  capital  (common  equity  tier  1  capital  plus  additional  tier  1  capital)  and  tier  2  capital.  Tier  2  capital  is 
comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred 
stock, mandatory convertible securities, and subordinated debt. Also included in tier 2 capital is the allowance for credit 
losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election 
regarding the treatment of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on 
available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the 
AOCI  opt-out  have  AOCI  incorporated  into  common  equity  tier  1  capital  (including  unrealized  gains  and  losses  on 
available-for-sale-securities). The Bank has exercised this opt-out election. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is 
subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.

In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, assets, including 
certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests), are multiplied by a 
risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of 
capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0% is assigned to 
cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien one-
to-four family residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight 
of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity 
interests, depending on certain specified factors.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and 
certain  discretionary  bonus  payments  to  management  if  the  institution  does  not  hold  a  “capital  conservation  buffer” 
consisting of 2.5% of common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum 
risk-based capital requirements. 

Safety and Soundness Standards

Each federal banking agency, including the FRB, has adopted guidelines establishing general standards relating to internal 
controls, information and internal audit  systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset 
growth, asset quality, earnings and compensation, fees, and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, 
appropriate  systems  and  practices  to  identify  and  manage  the  risks  and  exposures  specified  in  the  guidelines.  The 
guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive 
when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, 
director, or principal shareholder.

On April 26, 2016, the federal regulatory agencies approved a second proposed joint rulemaking to implement Section 956 
of  the  Dodd-Frank  Act,  which  prohibits  incentive-based  compensation  that  encourages  inappropriate  risk  taking.  In 
addition, the NYSDFS issued guidance applicable to incentive compensation in October 2016.

8 

Prompt Corrective Action

Federal law requires, among other things, that federal bank regulatory authorities take “prompt corrective action” with 
respect  to  institutions  that  do  not  meet  minimum  capital  requirements.  For  these  purposes,  the  statute  establishes  five 
capital  tiers:  well  capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized,  and  critically 
undercapitalized.

The FRB may order member banks which have insufficient capital to take corrective actions. For example, a bank which 
is categorized as “undercapitalized” would be subject to other growth limitations, would be required to submit a capital 
restoration plan, and a holding company that controls such a bank would be required to guarantee that the bank complies 
with  the  capital  restoration  plan.  A  “significantly  undercapitalized”  bank  would  be  subject  to  additional  restrictions. 
Member banks deemed by the FRB to be “critically undercapitalized” would be subject to the appointment of a receiver 
or conservator.

The final rule that increased regulatory capital standards adjusted the prompt corrective action tiers as of January 1, 2015. 
The various categories were revised to incorporate the new common equity tier 1 capital requirement, the increase in the 
tier 1 to risk-based assets requirement and other changes. Under the revised prompt corrective action requirements, insured 
depository institutions are required to meet the following in order to qualify as “well capitalized”: (1) a common equity 
tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5% (new standard); (2) a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% (increased from 6.0%); 
(3) a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% (unchanged); and (4) a tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.0% (unchanged).

Dividends

Under federal law and applicable regulations, a New York state member bank may generally declare a dividend, without 
prior regulatory approval, in an amount equal to its year-to-date retained net income plus the prior two years’ retained net 
income that is still available for dividend. Dividends exceeding those amounts require application to and approval by the 
NYSDFS and FRB.  In addition, a member bank may be limited in paying cash dividends if it does not maintain the capital 
conservation buffer described previously under “—Capitalization.”

Liquidity

Pursuant to federal regulations, the Bank is required to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure its safe and sound operation.

Branching

Subject to certain limitations, with approval of the FRB, New York state-chartered banks and trust companies can open 
their initial branches in other states by establishing a de novo branch at any location at which a bank chartered by that state 
could also establish a branch.  Federal law also permits an interstate merger transaction involving the acquisition of a 
branch without the acquisition of the bank only if the law of the state in which the branch is located permits out-of-state 
banks to acquire a branch of a bank in such state without acquiring the bank.

Acquisitions

Under the Federal Bank Merger Act, prior approval of the FRB is required for the Bank to merge with or purchase the 
assets  or  assume  the  deposits  of  another  insured  depository  institution.  In  reviewing  applications  seeking  approval  of 
merger and acquisition transactions, the FRB will consider, among other factors, the competitive effect and public benefits 
of  the  transactions,  the  capital  position  of  the  combined  organization,  the  risks  to  the  stability  of  the  U.S.  banking  or 
financial system, the applicant’s performance record under the CRA (see “Community Reinvestment”) and its compliance 
with  fair  housing  and  other  consumer  protection  laws  and the  effectiveness  of  the  subject  organizations  in  combating 
money laundering activities.

9 

Privacy and Security Protection

The federal banking agencies have adopted regulations for consumer privacy protection that require financial institutions 
to adopt procedures to protect customers and their “non-public personal information.” The regulations require the Bank to 
disclose its privacy policy, including identifying with whom it shares “non-public personal information,” to customers at 
the time of establishing the customer relationship, and annually thereafter if there are changes to its policy. In addition, 
the Bank is required to provide its customers the ability to “opt-out” of: (1) the sharing of their personal information with 
unaffiliated third parties if the sharing of such information does not satisfy any of the permitted exceptions; and (2) the 
receipt of marketing solicitations from Bank affiliates.

The Bank is additionally subject to regulatory guidelines establishing standards for safeguarding customer information. 
The guidelines describe the federal banking agencies’ expectations for the creation, implementation and maintenance of 
an information security program, including administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate for the size and 
complexity of the institution and the nature and scope of its activities. The standards set forth in the guidelines are intended 
to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information, and protect against anticipated threats or 
hazards to the security or integrity of such records and unauthorized access to or use of such records or information that 
could result in substantial customer harm or inconvenience.

Federal law additionally permits each state to enact legislation that is more protective of consumers’ personal information. 
There are periodically privacy bills considered by the New York legislature. Management of the Company cannot predict 
the impact, if any, of these bills if enacted.

Cybersecurity more broadly has become a focus of federal and state banking agencies, including during the regulators’ 
examinations.  In March 2017, the NYSDFS issued regulations requiring financial institutions regulated by the NYSDFS, 
including the Bank, to, among other things, (i) establish and maintain a cyber security program designed to ensure the 
confidentiality, integrity and availability of their information systems; (ii) implement and maintain a written cyber security 
policy setting forth policies and procedures for the protection of their information systems and nonpublic information; and 
(iii) designate a Chief Information Security Officer.  In November 2023, NYSDFS amended these regulations to include 
heightened governance requirements and an expansion of the breadth and depth of required policies and procedures, among 
other things.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders

Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act govern transactions between a member bank and its affiliates, which 
includes the Company. The FRB has adopted Regulation W, which comprehensively implements and interprets Sections 
23A and 23B, and codifies prior FRB interpretations under those sections.

An  affiliate  of  a  bank  includes,  among  other  things,  any  company  or  entity  that  controls,  is  controlled  by  or  is  under 
common control with the bank. A subsidiary of a bank that is not also a depository institution or a “financial subsidiary” 
under  federal  law  is  generally  not  treated  as  an  affiliate  of  the  bank  for  the  purposes  of  Sections  23A  and  23B  and 
Regulation W; however, the FRB has the discretion to treat subsidiaries of a bank as affiliates on a case-by-case basis. 
Section 23A and Regulation W limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” 
with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of such bank’s capital stock and surplus, and limit all such transactions 
with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of such capital stock and surplus. Section 23A and Regulation W also require 
that all “covered transactions” be on terms that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. The term “covered 
transaction” includes the making of loans, purchase of assets, issuance of guarantees and other similar types of transactions. 
Further,  most  loans  by  a  bank  to  any  of  its  affiliates  must  be  secured  by  collateral  in  amounts  ranging  from  100  to 
130 percent  of  the  loan  amounts.  In  addition,  under  Section  23B  and  Regulation  W,  bank  transactions  with  affiliates, 
including “covered transactions,” sales of assets, and the furnishing of services,  must be on terms that are substantially 
the same, or at least as favorable, to the bank as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with or involving 
a non-affiliate.

A bank’s loans to its affiliates executive officers, directors, any owner of more than 10% of its stock (each, an insider) and 
entities controlled by such person (an insider’s related interest) are subject to the conditions and limitations imposed by 
Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and the FRB’s Regulation O implemented thereunder. Under these restrictions, 

10

the  aggregate  amount  of  the  loans  to  any  insider  and  the  insider’s  related  interests  may  not  exceed  the  loans-to-one-
borrower limit applicable to national banks. All loans by a bank to all insiders and insiders’ related interests in the aggregate 
may not exceed the bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. With certain exceptions, loans to an executive 
officer, other than loans for the education of the officer’s children and certain loans secured by the officer’s residence, 
may not exceed the greater of $25,000 or 2.5% of the bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus, and in no event 
can be more than $100,000. Regulation O also requires that any proposed loan to an insider or a related interest of that 
insider  be  approved  in  advance  by  a  majority  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  bank,  with  any  interested  director  not 
participating in the voting, if such loan, when aggregated with any existing loans to that insider and the insider’s related 
interests, would exceed either $500,000 or the greater of $25,000 or 5% of the bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus. 
Generally, such loans must be made on substantially the same terms as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are 
no less stringent than, those that are prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and must not 
present more than a normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. An exception is made for extensions 
of credit made pursuant to a benefit or compensation plan of a bank that is widely available to employees of the bank and 
that does not give any preference to insiders of the bank over other employees of the bank.

Examinations and Assessments

The Bank is required to file periodic reports with and is subject to periodic examination by the NYSDFS and the FRB. 
Applicable laws and regulations generally require periodic on-site examinations and annual audits by independent public 
accountants for all insured institutions. The Bank is required to pay an annual assessment to the NYSDFS to fund its 
supervision.

Federal law provides that institutions with more than $10 billion in total assets, such as the Bank, are examined by the 
Consumer  Financial  Protection  Bureau  (“CFPB”)  as  to  compliance  with  certain  federal  consumer  protection  and  fair 
lending laws and regulations. 

Community Reinvestment Act

Under the federal Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), the Bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation consistent 
with its safe and sound operation to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate-income 
neighborhoods. The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does 
it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular 
community, consistent with the CRA. The CRA requires the FRB, in connection with its examination of the Bank, to 
assess its record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take that record into account in its evaluation of 
certain applications by the Bank. For example, the regulations specify that a bank’s CRA performance will be considered 
in its expansion (e.g., branching or mergers) proposals and may be the basis for approving, denying or conditioning the 
approval of an application. On October 24, 2023, the FDIC, the Federal Reserve Board, and the Office of the Comptroller 
of the Currency issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize the CRA regulations.  Under the final rule, banks with 
assets of at least $2 billion as of December 31 in both of the prior two calendar years will be a “large bank.” The agencies 
will evaluate large banks under four performance tests: the Retail Lending Test, the Retail Services and Products Test, the 
Community Development Financing Test, and the Community Development Services Test. The applicability date for the 
majority of the provisions in the CRA regulations is January 1, 2026, and additional requirements will be applicable on 
January 1, 2027. As of the date of its most recent CRA examination, which was conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank 
of New York and the NYSDFS, the Bank’s CRA performance was rated “Outstanding”.

New York law imposes a similar obligation on the Bank to serve the credit needs of its community. New York law contains 
its own community invested-related provisions, which are substantially similar to federal law.

The Bank Secrecy Act and USA PATRIOT Act

The Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”) and the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to 
Intercept  and  Obstruct  Terrorism  Act  of  2001  (“USA  PATRIOT  Act”)  require  the  Bank  to  implement  a  compliance 
program to detect and prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, and crime. Together, the BSA and USA PATRIOT 
Act require the Bank to implement internal controls, conduct customer due diligence, maintain records, and file reports.  
The USA PATRIOT Act also required the federal banking agencies to take into consideration the effectiveness of controls 

11

designed  to  combat  money  laundering  activities  in  determining  whether  to  approve  a  merger  or  other  acquisition 
application. Accordingly, if the Bank engages in a merger or other acquisition, its controls designed to combat money 
laundering  would  be  considered  as  part  of  the  application process.  The  Bank  has  established  policies,  procedures  and 
systems designed to comply with the BSA, USA PATRIOT Act, and regulations implemented thereunder.

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.

The Company, as a bank holding company controlling the Bank, is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as 
amended (“BHCA”), and the rules and regulations of the FRB under the BHCA applicable to bank holding companies. 
We are required to file reports with, and otherwise comply with the rules and regulations of the FRB.

The FRB previously adopted consolidated capital adequacy guidelines for bank holding companies structured similarly, 
but not identically, to those applicable to the Bank. The Dodd-Frank Act directed the FRB to issue consolidated capital 
requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of 
components  of  capital,  than  those  applicable  to  institutions  themselves.  The  FRB  subsequently  issued  regulations 
amending  its  regulatory  capital  requirements  to  implement  the  Dodd-Frank  Act  as  to  bank  holding  company  capital 
standards. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to the subsidiary banks applied to 
bank holding companies as of January 1, 2015. As is the case with institutions themselves, the capital conservation buffer 
was  phased-in between  2016 and  2019.  The  Company  met  all  capital  adequacy  requirements  under  the  FRB’s  capital 
rules on December 31, 2023.

The  policy  of  the  FRB  is  that  a  bank  holding  company  must  serve  as  a  source  of  strength  to  its  subsidiary  banks  by 
providing capital and other support in times of distress. The Dodd-Frank Act codified the source of strength policy.

Under  the  prompt  corrective  action  provisions  of  federal  law,  a  bank  holding  company  parent  of  an  undercapitalized 
subsidiary  bank  is  required  to  guarantee,  within  specified  limits,  the  capital  restoration  plan  that  is  required  of  an 
undercapitalized bank. If an undercapitalized bank fails to file an acceptable capital restoration plan or fails to implement
an  accepted  plan,  the  FRB may  prohibit  the  bank  holding  company  parent  of  the  undercapitalized  bank  from  paying 
dividends or making any other capital distribution.

As a bank holding company, we are required to obtain the prior approval of the FRB to acquire more than 5% of a class 
of voting securities of any additional bank or bank holding company or to acquire all, or substantially all, the assets of any 
additional bank or bank holding company. In addition, bank holding companies may generally only engage in activities 
that are closely related to banking as determined by the FRB. Bank holding companies that meet certain criteria may opt 
to become a financial holding company and thereby engage in a broader array of financial activities. The Company has 
elected not to become a financial holding company.

FRB policy is that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company’s net income 
is sufficient to fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention is consistent with the company’s capital 
needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, FRB guidance sets forth the supervisory expectation that 
bank holding companies will inform and consult with FRB staff in advance of issuing a dividend that exceeds earnings for 
the  quarter  and  should  inform  the  FRB  and  should  eliminate,  defer  or  significantly  reduce  dividends  if  (i) net  income 
available to stockholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to 
fully  fund  the  dividends,  (ii) prospective  rate  of  earnings  retention  is not  consistent  with  the  bank holding  company’s 
capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition, or (iii) the bank holding company will not meet, or 
is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios. Moreover, the guidance indicates that a bank 
holding company should notify the FRB in advance of declaring or paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period 
(e.g., quarter) for which the dividend is being paid or that could result in a material adverse change to the organization’s 
capital structure. FRB guidance also provides for consultation and nonobjection for material increases in the amount of a 
bank holding company’s common stock dividend.

Current FRB regulations provide that a bank holding company that is not well capitalized or well managed, as such terms 
are defined in the regulations, or that is subject to any unresolved supervisory issues, is required to give the FRB prior 
written notice of any repurchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for repurchase 
or  redemption,  when  combined  with  the  net  consideration  paid  for  all  such  repurchases  or  redemptions  during  the 

12

preceding 12 months, will be equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The FRB may disapprove 
such a repurchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe and unsound practice or 
violate a law or regulation. FRB guidance generally provides for bank holding company consultation with FRB staff prior 
to  engaging  in  a  repurchase  or  redemption  of  a  bank  holding  company’s  stock,  even  if  a  formal  written  notice  is  not 
required.  The  guidance  provides  that  the  purpose  of  such  consultation  is  to  allow  the  FRB  to  review  the  proposed 
repurchases or redemption from a supervisory perspective and possibly object. 

The  NYSDFS  and  FRB  have  extensive  enforcement  authority  over  the  institutions  and  holding  companies  that  they 
regulate to prohibit or correct activities that violate law, regulation or written agreements with the agencies or which are 
deemed to be unsafe or unsound banking practices. Enforcement actions may include: the appointment of a conservator or 
receiver for an institution; the issuance of a cease and desist order; the termination of deposit insurance; the imposition of 
civil money penalties on the institution, its directors, officers, employees and institution-affiliated parties; the issuance of 
directives to increase capital; the issuance of formal and informal agreements; the removal of or restrictions on directors, 
officers, employees and institution-affiliated parties; and the enforcement of any such mechanisms through restraining 
orders or other court actions. Any change in applicable New York or federal laws and regulations could have a material 
adverse impact on us and our operations and stockholders.

We  file  certain  reports  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  (“SEC”)  under  the  federal  securities  laws.  Our 
operations  are  also  subject  to  extensive  regulation  by  other  federal,  state  and local  governmental  authorities  and  the 
Company is subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on 
part or all of its operations. We believe that we are in substantial compliance, in all material respects, with applicable 
federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations. Because our business is highly regulated, the laws, rules and regulations 
applicable to it are subject to regular modification and change. There can be no assurance that laws, rules and regulations 
currently proposed, or any other laws, rules or regulations, will not be adopted in the future, which could make compliance 
more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or prospects.

Other Information

Through  a  link  on  the  Investor  Relations  section  of  our  website  of  www.dime.com,  copies  of  our  Annual  Reports  on 
Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or 
furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) for 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are made available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably 
practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC. Copies of such reports and other 
information also are available at no charge to any person who requests them or at www.sec.gov. Such requests may be 
directed  to  Dime  Community  Bancshares, Inc.,  Investor  Relations,  898  Veterans  Memorial  Highway,  Suite  560, 
Hauppauge, NY 11788, (631) 537-1000. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference and is not a part of 
this annual report on Form 10-K.

13

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to our Loan Portfolio

The concentration of our loan portfolio in loans secured by commercial, multi-family and residential real estate 
properties located in Greater Long Island and Manhattan could materially adversely affect our financial condition 
and results of operations if general economic conditions or real estate values in this area decline.

Unlike  larger  banks  that  are more  geographically  diversified,  our  loan portfolio  consists  primarily  of real  estate  loans 
secured by commercial, multi-family and residential real estate properties located in Greater Long Island and Manhattan. 
The local economic conditions in Greater Long Island and Manhattan have a significant impact on the volume of loan 
originations and the quality of loans, the ability of borrowers to repay these loans, and the value of collateral securing these 
loans. A considerable decline in the general economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other 
factors  beyond  our  control  would  impact  these  local  economic  conditions  and  could  negatively  affect  our  financial 
condition and results of operations. Additionally, decreases in tenant occupancy may also have a negative effect on the 
ability of borrowers to make timely repayments of their loans, which would have an adverse impact on our earnings.

If our regulators impose limitations on our commercial real estate lending activities, earnings could be adversely 
affected.

In 2006, the federal bank regulatory agencies (collectively, the “Agencies”) issued joint guidance entitled “Concentrations 
in  Commercial  Real  Estate  Lending,  Sound  Risk  Management  Practices”  (the  “CRE  Guidance”).  Although  the  CRE 
Guidance did not establish specific lending limits, it provides that a bank’s commercial real estate lending exposure may 
receive increased supervisory scrutiny where total non-owner occupied CRE loans, including loans secured by apartment 
buildings, investor CRE and construction and land loans, represent 300% or more of an institution’s total risk-based capital 
and the outstanding balance of the CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the preceding 36 months. The 
Consolidated Company’s non-owner occupied CRE level equaled 538% of total risk-based capital at December 31, 2023. 

If our regulators were to impose restrictions on the amount of CRE loans we can hold in our portfolio, or require higher 
capital ratios as a result of the level of CRE loans held, our earnings would be adversely affected.

The performance of our multi-family real estate loans could be adversely impacted by regulation.

Multi-family real estate loans generally involve a greater risk than residential real estate loans because of legislation and 
government regulations involving rent control and rent stabilization, which are outside the control of the borrower or the 
Bank, and could impair the value of the security for the loan or the future cash flow of such properties. For example, on 
June 14, 2019, the State of New York enacted legislation increasing the restrictions on rent increases in a rent-regulated 
apartment  building,  including,  among  other  provisions,  (i)  repealing  the  vacancy  bonus  and  longevity  bonus,  which 
allowed a property owner to raise rents as much as 20% each time a rental unit became vacant, (ii) eliminating high rent 
vacancy deregulation and high-income deregulation, which allowed a rental unit to be removed from rent stabilization 
once it crossed a statutory high-rent threshold and became vacant, or the tenant’s income exceeded the statutory amount 
in the preceding two years, and (iii) eliminating an exception that allowed a property owner who offered preferential rents 
to tenants to raise the rent to the full legal rent upon renewal.  The legislation still permits a property owner to charge up 
to  the  full  legal  rent  once  the  tenant  vacates.  As  a  result  of  this  legislation  as  well  as  previously  existing  laws  and 
regulations, it is possible that rental income might not rise sufficiently over time to satisfy increases in the loan rate at 
repricing or increases in overhead expenses (e.g., utilities, taxes, maintenance, etc.). For example, the New York City Rent 
Guidelines Board established the maximum rent increase on certain apartments at 3.0% for a one-year lease beginning on 
or after October 1, 2023 and on or after September 30, 2024, while the overall inflation rate increased at a greater rate. In
addition, overhead (including maintenance) expenses often increase significantly during inflationary periods. Finally, if 
the cash flow from a collateral property is reduced (e.g., if leases are not obtained or renewed), the borrower’s ability to 
repay the loan and the value of the security for the loan may be impaired. 

14

If we experience greater credit losses than anticipated, earnings may be adversely impacted.

As a lender, we are exposed to the risk that customers may not repay their loans according to the original terms, and the 
collateral securing the payment of those loans may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance. Additionally, at 
December 31, 2023, our portfolio of commercial and industrial loans, and owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, 
totaled $2.31 billion, or 21.4% of our total loan portfolio. We plan to continue to emphasize the origination of these types 
of loans, which generally expose us to a greater risk of nonpayment and loss than residential real estate loans because 
repayment of such loans often depends on the successful operations and income stream of the borrowers. Additionally, 
such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to consumer 
loans or residential real estate loans. Hence, we may experience significant credit losses, which could have a material 
adverse effect on our operating results. 

Since the first quarter of 2021, we have been required to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on 
loans  and  recognize  the  expected  credit losses  as  allowances  for  credit  losses.  This  method  of  loan  loss  accounting 
represents  a  change  from  the  previous  method  of  providing  allowances  for  loan  losses  that  are  probable,  and  greatly 
increased the types of data we need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit 
losses.  We  make  various  assumptions  and  judgments  about  the  collectability  of  our  loan  portfolio,  including  the 
creditworthiness of borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of 
loans.  In  determining  the  amount  of  the  allowance  for  credit  losses,  we  rely  on  loan  quality  reviews,  our  past  loss 
experience and that of our peer group, and an evaluation of economic conditions, among other factors. If our assumptions 
prove to be incorrect, the allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover expected losses in the loan portfolio, 
resulting  in  additions  to  the  allowance  for  credit  losses.  Material  additions  to  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  through 
charges to earnings would materially decrease our net income.

Additionally,  bank  regulators  periodically  review  our  allowance  for  credit  losses  and  may  require  us  to  increase  our 
provision  for  credit  losses  or  loan  charge-offs.  Any  increase  in  our  allowance  for  credit  losses  or  loan  charge-offs  as 
required by these regulatory authorities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and/or financial 
condition.

We are subject to the CRA and fair lending laws, and  failure to comply with these laws could lead to material 
penalties.

The CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations impose 
nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. With respect to the Bank, the NYSDFS, FRB, CFPB, 
the United States Department of Justice and other federal and state agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and 
regulations. A successful regulatory challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA or fair lending laws and 
regulations  could  result  in  a  wide  variety  of  sanctions,  including  the  required  payment  of  damages  and  civil  money 
penalties, injunctive relief, imposition of restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity and restrictions on expansion. 
Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class 
action  litigation.  Such  actions  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on our business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.

The Company is subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.

A significant portion of the Company’s loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, 
the Company may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous 
or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, the Company may be 
liable  for remediation  costs,  as  well  as  for  personal  injury and  property  damage. Environmental  laws  may require  the 
Company to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit the Company’s 
ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies 
with respect to existing laws may increase the Company’s exposure to environmental liability. Environmental reviews of 
real  property  before  initiating  foreclosure  may  not  be  sufficient  to  detect  all potential  environmental  hazards.  The 
remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse 
effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

15

Risks Related to Interest Rates

Changes in interest rates could affect our profitability.

Our ability to earn a profit, like most financial institutions, depends primarily on net interest income, which is the difference 
between the interest income that we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the interest 
expense that we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Our profitability depends on our 
ability to manage our assets and liabilities during periods of changing market interest rates.

During 2022 and 2023, in response to accelerated inflation, the Federal Reserve implemented monetary tightening policies, 
resulting in significantly increased interest rates. In a period of rising interest rates, the interest income earned on our assets 
may not increase as rapidly as the interest paid on our liabilities, demand for loan products may decline, and borrower 
defaults on loan payments may increase.

A  sustained  decrease  in  market  interest  rates  could  also  adversely  affect  our  earnings.  When  interest  rates  decline, 
borrowers tend to refinance higher-rate, fixed-rate loans at lower rates. Under those circumstances, we may not be able to 
reinvest those prepayments in assets earning interest rates as high as the rates on those prepaid loans or in investment 
securities. 

Changes in interest rates also affect the fair value of the securities portfolio. Generally, the fair value of securities moves 
inversely with changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the securities portfolio totaled 
$1.48 billion. 

Management  is  unable  to  predict  fluctuations  of  market  interest  rates,  which  are  affected  by  many  factors,  including 
inflation, recession, unemployment, monetary policy, domestic and international disorder and instability in domestic and 
foreign financial markets, and investor and consumer demand.

Risks Related to Regulation

We operate in a highly regulated environment, Federal and state regulators periodically examine our business, and 
we may be required to remediate adverse examination findings.

The FRB and the NYSDFS periodically examine our business, including our compliance with laws and regulations. If, as 
a result of an examination, a federal banking agency were to determine that our financial condition, capital resources, asset 
quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of our operations had become unsatisfactory, or 
that  we  were  in  violation  of  any  law  or  regulation,  we  may  take  a  number  of  different remedial  actions  as  we  deem 
appropriate.  These  actions  include  the  power  to  enjoin  “unsafe  or  unsound”  practices,  to  require  affirmative  action  to 
correct  any  conditions  resulting  from  any  violation  or  practice,  to  issue  an  administrative  order  that  can  be  judicially 
enforced, to direct an increase in our capital, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against our officers 
or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an 
imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate our deposit insurance and place it into receivership or conservatorship. If
we become subject to any regulatory actions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, 
financial condition and growth prospects.

Additionally, the CFPB has the authority to issue consumer finance regulations and is authorized, individually or jointly 
with bank regulatory agencies, to conduct investigations to determine whether any person is, or has, engaged in conduct 
that  violates  new  and  existing  consumer  financial  laws  or  regulations.    Banks  with  assets  in  excess  of  $10  billion  are 
subject  to  requirements  imposed  by  the  Dodd-Frank  Act  and  its  implemented  regulations,  including  the  examination 
authority  of  the  CFPB  to  assess  our  compliance  with  federal  consumer  financial  laws,  imposition  of  higher  FDIC 
premiums,  reduced  debit  card  interchange  fees,  and  enhanced  risk  management  frameworks,  all  of  which  increase 
operating costs and reduce earnings. In addition, in accordance with a memorandum of understanding entered into between 
the CFPB and U.S. Department of Justice, the two agencies have agreed to coordinate efforts related to enforcing the fair 

16

lending laws, which includes information sharing and conducting joint investigations, and have done so on a number of 
occasions.

We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the federal Bank Secrecy Act (the “BSA”) and other 
anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing statutes and regulations.

The BSA, the USA PATRIOT Act and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among others, to institute 
and maintain an effective anti-money laundering compliance program and to file reports such as suspicious activity reports 
and currency transaction reports. Our products and services, including our debit card issuing business, are subject to an 
increasingly strict set of legal and regulatory requirements intended to protect consumers and to help detect and prevent 
money  laundering,  terrorist  financing  and  other  illicit  activities.  We  are  required  to  comply  with  these  and other  anti-
money  laundering  requirements.  The  federal  banking  agencies  and  the  U.S.  Treasury  Department’s  Financial  Crimes 
Enforcement Network are authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and 
have recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts against banks and other financial services providers with the 
U.S.  Department  of  Justice,  Drug  Enforcement  Administration  and  Internal  Revenue  Service.  We  are  also  subject  to 
increased scrutiny of compliance with the regulations administered and enforced by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office 
of Foreign Assets Control. If we violate these laws and regulations, or our policies, procedures and systems are deemed 
deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions, which may include restrictions on our 
ability to pay dividends and the ability to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, 
including acquisitions.

Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have 
serious  reputational  consequences  for  us.  Any  of  these  results  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Risks Related to our Debt Securities

The subordinated debentures that we issued have rights that are senior to those of our common shareholders.

In 2015, the Company issued $40.0 million of 5.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2030. In 2022, 
the Company issued $160.0 million of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2032. Because these 
subordinated debentures rank senior to our common stock, if we fail to make timely principal and interest payments on 
the subordinated debentures, we may not pay any dividends on our common stock. Further, if we declare bankruptcy, 
dissolve or liquidate, we must satisfy all of our subordinated debenture obligations before we may pay any distributions 
on our common stock.

Strategic Risks

Expansion of our branch network may adversely affect our financial results.

The Bank has in the past and may in the future establish new branch offices. We cannot be certain that the opening of new 
branches will be accretive to earnings or that it will be accretive to earnings within a reasonable period of time. Numerous 
factors contribute to the performance of a new branch, such as suitable location, qualified personnel, and an effective 
marketing strategy. Additionally, it takes time for a new branch to gather sufficient loans and deposits to generate income 
sufficient to cover its operating expenses. Difficulties we experience in opening new branches may have a material adverse 
effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Mergers and acquisitions involve numerous risks and uncertainties.

The Company has in the past and may in the future pursue mergers and acquisitions opportunities. Mergers and acquisitions 
involve a number of risks and challenges, including the expenses involved; potential diversion of management’s attention 
from other strategic matters; integration of branches and operations acquired; outflow of customers from the acquired 
branches;  retention of  personnel  from  acquired  companies  or  branches;  competing  effectively  in  geographic  areas  not 
previously served; managing growth resulting from the transaction; and dilution in the acquirer's book and tangible book 
value per share.

17

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be 
available when it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high.

We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. 
While we anticipate that our capital resources will satisfy our capital requirements for the foreseeable future, we may at 
some point need to raise additional capital to support our operations or continued growth, both internally and through 
acquisitions. Any capital we obtain may result in the dilution of the interests of existing holders of our common stock, or 
otherwise adversely affect your investment.

Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are 
outside  our  control,  and on  our  financial  condition  and performance.  Accordingly,  we  cannot  make  assurances  of  our 
ability to raise additional capital if needed, or if the terms will be acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital 
when needed, our ability to further expand our operations through internal growth and acquisitions could be materially 
impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.

Operational Risk Factors

A lack of liquidity could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.  

Liquidity is essential to our business. The Company relies on its ability to generate deposits and effectively manage the 
repayment of its liabilities to ensure that there is adequate liquidity to fund operations. An inability to raise funds through 
deposits, borrowings, the sale and maturities of loans and securities and other sources could have a substantial negative 
effect on liquidity. The Company’s most important source of funds is its deposits. Deposit balances can decrease when 
customers perceive alternative investments as providing a better risk adjusted return, which are strongly influenced by 
such external factors as the direction of interest rates, local and national economic conditions and the availability and 
attractiveness of alternative investments. Further, the demand for deposits may be reduced due to a variety of factors such 
as negative trends in the banking sector, the level of and/or composition of our uninsured deposits, demographic patterns, 
changes in customer preferences, reductions in consumers’ disposable income, the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve 
or regulatory actions that decrease customer access to particular products. If customers move money out of bank deposits 
and into other investments such as money market funds, the Company would lose a relatively low-cost source of funds, 
which would increase its funding costs and reduce net interest income. Any changes made to the rates offered on deposits 
to remain competitive with other financial institutions may also adversely affect profitability and liquidity. Other primary 
sources of funds consist of cash flows from operations, maturities and sales of investment securities and/or loans, brokered 
deposits, borrowings from the FHLB and/or FRB discount window, and unsecured borrowings. The Company also may 
borrow funds from third-party lenders, such as other financial institutions. The Company’s access to funding sources in 
amounts adequate to finance or capitalize its activities, or on terms that are acceptable, could be impaired by factors that 
affect the Company directly or the financial services industry or economy in general, such as disruptions in the financial 
markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry, a decrease in the level 
of the Company’s business activity as a result of a downturn in markets or by one or more adverse regulatory actions 
against  the  Company  or  the  financial  sector  in  general.  Any  decline  in  available  funding  could  adversely  impact  the 
Company’s ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet expenses, or to fulfill obligations such as meeting deposit 
withdrawal demands, any of which could have a material adverse impact on its liquidity, business, financial condition and 
results of operations.

Our business may be adversely affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally.

A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital 
markets,  low  inflation,  high business  and  investor  confidence,  and  strong business  earnings.  Unfavorable  or uncertain 
economic  and  market  conditions  can  be  caused  by  declines  in  economic  growth,  declines  in  housing  and  real  estate 
valuations, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of 
credit  and  capital;  increases  in  inflation;  changes  in  market  interest  rates;  geopolitical  conflicts;  natural  disasters;  or a
combination of these or other factors. 

The Company's performance could be negatively affected to the extent there is deterioration in business and economic 
conditions, including persistent inflation, an inverted yield curve, rising prices, and supply chain issues or labor shortages, 

18

which  have  direct  or  indirect  material  adverse  impacts  on  us,  our  customers,  and  our  counterparties. Recessionary 
conditions may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the financial condition of our borrowers, the 
value of our loans and investments, and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Declines in real estate values and 
sales volumes and increased unemployment levels may result in higher than expected loan delinquencies, increases in our 
levels of nonperforming and classified assets and a decline in demand for our products and services. Such events may 
cause us to incur losses and may adversely affect our capital, liquidity, and financial condition.

Strong competition within our market area may limit our growth and profitability.

Our  primary  market  area  is  located  in  Greater  Long  Island  and  Manhattan.  Competition  in  the  banking  and  financial 
services industry remains intense. Our profitability depends on the continued ability to successfully compete. We compete 
with commercial banks, savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms. 
Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than us and may offer certain services that 
we  do not provide. In  addition,  competitors  may  offer deposits  at  higher rates  and  loans  with  lower  fixed  rates,  more 
attractive terms and less stringent credit structures than we have been willing to offer.

Our future success depends on the success and growth of Dime Community Bank.

Our primary business activity for the foreseeable future will be to act as the holding company of the Bank. Therefore, our 
future profitability will depend on the success and growth of this subsidiary. The continued and successful implementation 
of our growth strategy will require, among other things that we increase our market share by attracting new customers that 
currently bank at other financial institutions in our market area. In addition, our ability to successfully grow will depend 
on several factors, including favorable market conditions, the competitive responses from other financial institutions in 
our market area, and our ability to maintain good asset quality. While we believe we have the management resources, 
market opportunities and internal systems in place to obtain and successfully manage future growth, growth opportunities 
may not be available, and we may not be successful in continuing our growth strategy. In addition, continued growth 
requires  that  we  incur  additional  expenses,  including  salaries,  data  processing  and  occupancy  expense  related  to  new 
branches  and  related  support  staff.  Many  of  these  increased  expenses  are  considered  fixed  expenses.  Unless  we  can 
successfully continue our growth, our results of operations could be negatively affected by these increased costs.

The loss of key personnel could impair our future success.

Our future success depends in part on the continued service of our executive officers, other key management, and staff, as 
well as our ability to continue to attract, motivate, and retain additional highly qualified employees. The loss of services 
of one or more of our key personnel or our inability to timely recruit replacements for such personnel, or to otherwise 
attract, motivate, or retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial 
condition.

Our business may be adversely affected by fraud and other financial crimes.

Our loans to businesses and individuals and our deposit relationships and related transactions are subject to exposure to 
the risk of loss due to fraud and other financial crimes. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent such 
losses, losses may still occur. In the past, we have experienced losses due to fraud.

Risks associated with system failures, interruptions, or breaches of security could negatively affect our operations 
and earnings.

Information  technology  systems  are  critical  to  our  business.  We  collect,  process  and  store  sensitive  customer  data  by 
utilizing computer systems and telecommunications networks operated by us and third-party service providers. We have 
established policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of system failures, interruptions, and security breaches, 
but such events may still occur or may not be adequately addressed if they do occur. Although we take numerous protective 
measures and otherwise endeavor to protect and maintain the privacy and security of confidential data, these systems may 
be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, other malicious code, cyberattacks, including distributed denial 
of service attacks, hacking, social engineering and phishing attacks, cyber-theft and other events that could have a security 
impact. Cyber threats are rapidly evolving, and we may not be able to anticipate or prevent all such attacks. If one or more 

19

of such events were to occur, this potentially could jeopardize confidential and other information processed and stored in, 
and transmitted through, our systems or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations or our customers' 
operations.

In  addition,  we  maintain  interfaces  with  certain  third-party  service  providers.  If  these  third-party  service  providers 
encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account for 
transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected. Threats to information security 
also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.

The occurrence of any system failures, interruption, or breach of security could damage our reputation and result in a loss 
of customers and business subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, and expose us to litigation and possible financial 
liability. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate 
and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are not fully
covered by our insurance. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results 
of operations.

Severe weather, acts of terrorism and other external events could impact our ability to conduct business.

Weather-related  events  have adversely  impacted  our  market  area  in  recent  years,  especially  areas  located  near  coastal 
waters and flood prone areas. Such events that may cause significant flooding and other storm-related damage may become 
more common events in the future. Financial institutions have been, and continue to be, targets of terrorist threats aimed 
at compromising operating and communication systems and the metropolitan New York area remains a central target for 
potential acts of terrorism. Such events could cause significant damage, impact the stability of our facilities and result in 
additional expenses, impair the ability of borrowers to repay their loans, reduce the value of collateral securing repayment 
of loans, and result in the loss of revenue. While we have established and regularly test disaster recovery procedures, the 
occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

Additionally,  global  markets  may  be  adversely  affected  by  natural  disasters,  the  emergence  of  widespread health 
emergencies or pandemics like COVID-19, cyberattacks or campaigns, military conflict, terrorism or other geopolitical 
events. Global market fluctuations may affect our business liquidity. Also, any sudden or prolonged market downturn in 
the U.S. or abroad, as a result of the above factors or otherwise could result in a decline in revenue and adversely affect 
our results of operations and financial condition, including capital and liquidity levels.  

Damage to the Company’s reputation could adversely impact our business.

The Company's reputation is important to our success. Our ability to attract and retain customers, investors, employees 
and advisors may depend upon external perceptions of the Company. Damage to the Company's reputation could cause 
significant harm to our business and prospects and may arise from numerous sources, including litigation or regulatory 
actions, compliance failures, customer services failures, or unethical behavior or misconduct of employees, advisors and 
counterparties. Adverse developments with respect to the financial services industry may also, by association, negatively 
impact the Company's reputation or result in greater regulatory or legislative scrutiny of or litigation against the Company.  

Furthermore, shareholders and other stakeholders have begun to consider how corporations are addressing environmental, 
social and governance (“ESG”) issues. Governments, investors, customers and the general public are increasingly focused 
on  ESG  practices  and  disclosures,  and  views  about  ESG  are  diverse  and  rapidly  changing.  These  shifts  in  investing 
priorities may result in adverse effects on the trading price of the Company’s common stock if investors determine that 
the Company has not made sufficient progress on ESG matters. The Company could also face potential negative ESG-
related publicity in traditional media or social media if shareholders or other stakeholders determine that we have not 
adequately considered or addressed ESG matters. If the Company, or our relationships with certain customers, vendors or 
suppliers  became  the  subject of  negative publicity, our  ability  to  attract  and  retain  customers  and  employees,  and our 
financial condition and results of operations, could be adversely impacted.

20

Accounting-Related Risks

Changes in our accounting policies or in accounting standards could materially affect how we report our financial 
results.

Our  accounting  policies  are  fundamental  to  understanding  our  financial  results  and  condition.  Some  of  these  policies 
require the use of estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Some 
of  our  accounting  policies  are  critical  because  they  require  management  to  make  difficult,  subjective  and  complex 
judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be 
reported  under  different  conditions  or  using  different  assumptions.  If  such  estimates  or  assumptions  underlying  our 
financial statements are incorrect, we may experience material losses.

From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation of 
those standards that govern the preparation of our external financial statements. These changes are beyond our control, 
can be hard to predict and could materially impact how we report our results of operations and financial condition. We 
could  be  required  to  apply  a  new  or  revised  standard  retroactively,  resulting  in  our  restating  prior  period  financial 
statements in material amounts.

If we determine our goodwill or other intangible assets to be impaired, the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations would be negatively affected. 

When the Company completes a business combination, a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to 
goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The amount of the purchase price which is allocated to goodwill and 
other intangible assets is determined by the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable assets acquired. At least 
annually  (or  more  frequently  if  indicators  arise),  the  Company  evaluates  goodwill  for  impairment.  If  the  Company 
determines goodwill or other intangible assets are impaired, the Company will be required to write down these assets. Any 
write-down would have a negative effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Overview

(cid:120) Dime  Community  Bank  (“Dime”,  “the  Bank”)  maintains  comprehensive  information  technology  and 
cybersecurity  programs  which  encompass  policies,  procedures,  assessments,  monitoring,  response  plans,  and 
testing to ensure technical, administrative, and physical controls are effective.  

(cid:120) Dime’s Cybersecurity Incident Response and Business Continuity Programs are inclusive of cyber resiliency, 
business continuity and disaster recovery strategies to help mitigate the impact of a cybersecurity incident across 
all business lines.  

Management Role and Board Oversight. 

(cid:120)

The cybersecurity program is overseen by the Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) reporting into the 
Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”), the Enterprise Risk Management Committee, which consists of the CEO, CFO, and 
CTO  among  others,  and  the  Enterprise  Risk  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  consists  of  three 
independent  directors.  Our  Board  of  Directors  includes  members  who  have  expertise  in  cybersecurity,  data 
privacy law, fraud and risk management. Cybersecurity risks are primarily assessed, monitored, and remediated 
by the CISO, who has extensive experience in the Information Technology and cybersecurity fields and maintains 
advanced  cybersecurity  centric  certifications.  The  CISO’s  extensive  knowledge  and  experience  in  the 
cybersecurity field are critical to executing our cybersecurity program. Our CISO oversees proactive initiatives, 
remediation plans of known risks, compliance with regulations and standards, and Disaster Recovery, Business 
Continuity,  and  Incident  Response  efforts.  Additionally,  the  Bank’s  Risk  Management  function  is  led  by  the 
CRO, who has extensive experience in risk management and audit. The cybersecurity program includes a cross-
sectional team of internal and external Information Security professionals, all of which are provided with relevant 

21

training and are required to maintain industry accredited certifications. Our Incident Response Team is chaired 
by our CISO and is comprised of executive management and designated managers throughout the organization. 
The purpose of the Incident Response Plan is to manage Information Security, and related incidents, efficiently 
and effectively to minimize loss and destruction, mitigate weaknesses, restore services, and notify customers, as 
required by state law, comply with regulatory requirements, and any third-party contractual obligations.

(cid:120)

The CISO and CRO play a pivotal role in informing the Board of all cybersecurity risks. These positions provide 
comprehensive updates to the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Board, at least quarterly. The briefings combine 
a range of updates, including the cybersecurity program, emerging risks, status of operational changes, status of 
regulatory compliance, and risk reporting.

Managing Material Risks & Integrated Overall Risk Management

(cid:120)

The Bank maintains documented processes, procedures, and controls for assessing, identifying, and managing 
material risks from cybersecurity threats. Cybersecurity threats are identified utilizing risk assessments, detection 
tools, information gathering and performing internal, external, and third-party contracted security assessments.

Cybersecurity Threats

(cid:120)

To  assess  and  manage  cybersecurity  threats from  material risks,  Dime  maintains  an Incident  Response  Team 
comprised of members from the major business areas in the Bank to ensure appropriate subject matter experts are 
represented. All cybersecurity events include a determination of whether the incident has materially affected or 
is reasonably likely to materially affect the Bank’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition 
by following implemented processes.

(cid:120) Dime has not identified any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected operations or financial position.

Oversee Third-Party Risk

(cid:120) Dime has processes to oversee and identify material risks from reported cybersecurity threats from any third-
party service providers or vendors. The Bank’s Third-Party Risk Management Program requires an initial due 
diligence, on-going monitoring, and annual recertification of third-party cybersecurity controls.   

Cybersecurity Risks

(cid:120) Dime considers Cybersecurity Risks as part of our strategic planning process. Management and the Board of 
Directors acknowledge that technology systems, managed both by Dime and third-party service providers, are 
critical to business operations and therefore require appropriate risk management.

Engagement With Third-Parties on Risk Management

(cid:120)

Cybersecurity  is  part  of  Dime’s  overall  risk  management  program,  which  is  supported  through  the  use  of 
consultants,  auditors  and  other  third-parties  who  assist  with  reviewing  and  validating  the  effectiveness  of 
cybersecurity controls. Internal Audit actively participates and engages with those managing the cybersecurity 
program to validate the effectiveness of implemented safeguards. External audit results are reviewed and reported 
on in our annual filing. Additionally, Dime is a regulated entity and undergoes regulatory reviews to ensure the 
Bank remains in compliance with all appropriate standards.  

22

Item 2. Properties  

The Company’s corporate headquarters is located at 898 Veterans Memorial Highway in Hauppauge, New York. The 
Bank’s main office is located at 2200 Montauk Highway in Bridgehampton, New York. 

As of December 31, 2023, we operated 60 branch locations throughout Greater Long Island and Manhattan, of which 45 
were leased and 15 were owned.

For additional information on our premises and equipment, see Note 7. “Premises and Fixed Assets, net and Premises Held 
for Sale” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Holding Company and the Bank are routinely named as a defendant in or party to 
various  pending  or  threatened  legal  actions  or  proceedings.  Certain  of  these  matters  may  seek  substantial  monetary 
damages against the Holding Company or the Bank. In the opinion of management, as of December 31, 2023, neither the 
Holding Company nor the Bank were involved in any actions or proceedings that were likely to have a material adverse 
impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

23

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ® Stock Market under the symbol “DCOM”. Prior to the Merger, our common 
shares were traded under the symbol “BDGE”. At February 15, 2024, we had approximately 1,117 shareholders of record, 
not including the number of persons or entities holding stock in nominee or the street name through various banks and 
brokers. 

DCOM Performance Graph

Pursuant to the regulations of the SEC, the graph below compares our performance with that of the total return for the 
NASDAQ® Composite Index and the S&P SmallCap 600 Banks Index from December 31, 2018 through December 31, 
2023. The graph assumes the reinvestment of dividends in additional shares of the same class of equity securities as those 
listed below. The following performance graph reflects the performance of BDGE prior to the Merger.

Index
Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.
S&P SmallCap 600 Banks Index
NASDAQ Composite Index

Year Ended December 31,

2018
100.00
100.00
100.00

2019
135.73
122.85
136.69

2020
102.50
109.63
198.10

2021
153.01
147.16
242.03

2022
142.61
132.62
163.28

2023
126.19
132.66
236.17

24

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In  May  2022,  we  announced  the  adoption  of  a  new  stock  repurchase  program  of  up  to  1,948,314  shares,  upon  the 
completion  of  our  existing  authorized  stock  repurchase  program.  The  stock  repurchase  program  may  be  suspended, 
terminated, or modified at any time for any reason, and has no termination date. As of December 31, 2023, there were 
1,566,947 shares remaining to be purchased in the program. There were no repurchases of common stock during the quarter 
ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 36,813 shares of common 
stock, at an average cost of $25.98.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise mentioned, the terms the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer 
to Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Dime Community Bank (the “Bank”). We use the 
term “Holding Company” to refer solely to Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. and not to our consolidated subsidiary.

Overview 

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc., a New York corporation, is a bank holding company formed in 1988. On a parent-
only basis, the Holding Company has minimal operations, other than as owner of Dime Community Bank. The Holding 
Company  is  dependent  on  dividends  from  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Dime  Community  Bank,  its  own  earnings, 
additional capital raised, and borrowings as sources of funds. The information in this report reflects principally the financial 
condition and results of operations of the Bank. The Bank's results of operations are primarily dependent on its net interest 
income, which is the difference between interest income on loans and investments and interest expense on deposits and 
borrowings. The Bank also generates non-interest income, such as fee income on deposit and loan accounts, merchant 
credit and debit card processing programs, loan swap fees, investment services, income from its title insurance subsidiary, 
and net gains on sales of securities and loans. The level of non-interest expenses, such as salaries and benefits, occupancy 
and equipment costs, other general and administrative expenses, expenses from the Bank’s title insurance subsidiary, and 
income tax expense, further affects our net income. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts and 
the related discussion and analysis to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not have an 
impact on net income or total stockholders' equity.

Critical Accounting Estimates 

Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles that 
involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the 
financial condition or the results of the operations of the Registrant. Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 
(page 51), to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statement for the year ended December 31, 2023 contains a 
summary of significant accounting policies. These accounting policies may require various levels of subjectivity, estimates 
or judgment by management. Policies with respect to the methodologies it uses to determine the allowance for credit losses 
on loans held for investment and fair value of loans acquired in a business combinations are critical accounting policies 
because they are important to the presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. 
These critical accounting estimates involve a significant degree of complexity and require management to make difficult 
and subjective judgments which often necessitate assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of 
different judgments, assumptions or estimates could result in material variations in the Company’s consolidated results of 
operations or financial condition.

Management has reviewed the following critical accounting estimates and related disclosures with its Audit Committee.

25

  
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Held for Investment

Methods and Assumptions Underlying the Estimate

On January 1, 2021, we adopted the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) Standard, which requires that loans held 
for  investment  be  accounted  for  under  the  current  expected  credit  losses  model.  The  allowance  for  credit  losses  is 
established and maintained through a provision for credit losses based on expected losses inherent in our loan portfolio. 
Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis, and additions to the allowance are charged to 
expense and realized losses, net of recoveries, are charged against the allowance.

Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is complex and requires judgment by management about the effect of 
matters  that  are  inherently  uncertain.  In  determining  the  allowance  for  credit  losses  for  loans  that share  similar  risk 
characteristics, the Company utilizes a model which compares the amortized cost basis of the loan to the net present value 
of expected cash flows to be collected. Expected credit losses are determined by aggregating the individual cash flows and 
calculating a loss percentage by loan segment, or pool, for loans that share similar risk characteristics. For a loan that does 
not share risk characteristics with other loans, the Company will evaluate the loan on an individual basis. Within the model, 
assumptions  are  made  in  the  determination  of  probability  of  default,  loss  given  default,  reasonable  and  supportable 
economic forecasts, prepayment rate, curtailment rate, and recovery lag periods. Management assesses the sensitivity of 
key assumptions at least annually by stressing the assumptions to understand the impact on the model. At June 30, 2023, 
if the four-quarter national unemployment rate forecast had increased 100 basis points our quantitative ACL reserve would 
have increased 10.5%. Changes in quantitative inputs may not occur in the same direction or magnitude across all segments 
of  our  loan  portfolio  and  deterioration  in  some  quantitative  inputs  may  offset  improvement  in  others.  This  sensitivity 
analysis does not represent a change to our expectations of the economic environment but provides a hypothetical result 
to assess the sensitivity of the ACL to a change in a key input. This sensitivity analysis does not incorporate changes to 
management’s judgment of qualitative loss factors.

Statistical regression is utilized to relate historical macro-economic variables to historical credit loss experience of a peer 
group of banks that operate in and around Dime’s footprint. These models are then utilized to forecast future expected loan 
losses based on expected future behavior of the same macro-economic variables. Adjustments to the quantitative results 
are  made  using  qualitative  factors,  which  are  subjective  and  require  significant  management  judgment.  These  factors 
include: (1) lending policies and procedures; (2) international, national, regional and local economic business conditions 
and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; (3) the nature 
and volume of the loan portfolio; (4) the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; 
(5)  the  volume  and  severity  of  past  due  loans;  (6)  the  quality  of  our  loan  review  system;  (7)  the  value  of  underlying 
collateral for collateralized loans; (8) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of 
such concentrations; and (9) the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on 
the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. 

For loans that do not share risk characteristics, the Company evaluates these loans on an individual basis based on various 
factors. Factors that may be considered are borrower delinquency trends and non-accrual status, probability of foreclosure 
or  note  sale,  changes  in  the  borrower’s  circumstances  or  cash  collections,  borrower’s  industry,  or  other  facts  and 
circumstances of the loan or collateral. The expected credit loss is measured based on net realizable value, that is, the 
difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and 
the amortized cost basis of the loan. For collateral dependent loans, expected credit loss is measured as the difference 
between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell. 

Uncertainties Regarding the Estimate

Estimating the timing and amounts of future losses is subject to significant management judgment as these projected cash 
flows rely upon the estimates discussed above and factors that are reflective of current or future expected conditions. These 
estimates  depend  on  the  duration  of  current  overall  economic  conditions,  industry,  borrower,  or  portfolio  specific 
conditions. Volatility in certain credit metrics and differences between expected and actual outcomes are to be expected.

Customers may not repay their loans according to the original terms, and the collateral securing the payment of those loans 
may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance. Bank regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses 
and may require us to increase our provision for credit losses or loan charge-offs.

26

Impact on Financial Condition and Results of Operations

If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, the allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover expected losses in 
the loan portfolio, resulting in additions to the allowance. Future additions or reductions to the allowance may be necessary
based on changes in economic, market or other conditions. Changes in estimates could result in a material change in the 
allowance through charges to earnings and would materially decrease our net income. 

We may experience significant credit losses if borrowers experience financial difficulties, which could have a material 
adverse effect on our operating results. 

In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of the examination process, periodically review the allowance 
for credit losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments 
of the information available to them at the time of their examination.

Fair value of loans acquired in a business combination  

Methods and Assumptions Underlying the Estimate

On February 1, 2021, the Company completed a merger of equals business combination accounted for as a reverse merger 
using the acquisition method of accounting. As a part of accounting for the Merger, fair value estimates were calculated 
with a combination of assumptions by management and by using a third party. The fair value often involved third-party 
estimates utilizing input assumptions by management which may be complex or uncertain. The fair value of acquired loans 
was based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considers factors such as type of loan and related collateral, and 
requires management’s judgment on estimates about discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and 
other future events. 

For purchased financial loans with credit deterioration (“PCD”), an estimate of expected credit losses was made for loans 
with similar risk characteristics and was added to the purchase price to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD 
loans. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to non-
credit factors and resulted in a discount or premium. Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on 
a level-yield method over the life of the loans. For acquired loans not deemed PCD at acquisition, the differences between 
the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance are recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the lives 
of the related loans. 

Uncertainties Regarding the Estimate

Management relied on economic forecasts, internal valuations, or other relevant factors which were available at the time 
of the Merger in the determination of the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of the acquired loans. The estimates 
about discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and other future events were subjective and may differ 
from estimates. 

Impact on Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The estimate of fair values on acquired loans contributed to the recorded goodwill from the Merger. In future income 
statement periods, interest income on loans will include the amortization and accretion of any premiums and discounts 
resulting  from  the  fair  value  of  acquired  loans. Additionally, the  provision  for  credit  losses  on  acquired  individually 
analyzed PCD loans may be impacted due to changes in the assumptions used to calculate expected cash flows. 

Comparison of Operating Results For The Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 

The  Company’s  results  of  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2021,  include  income  for  the  eleven  months 
following the Merger and the results of Legacy Dime for the month ended January 31, 2021. The Company’s historical 
operating results as of and for periods before February 1, 2021, as presented and discussed in this Annual Report on Form 
10-K, do not include the historical results of Bridge.

27

General.  Net income was $96.1 million in 2023, compared to $152.6 million in 2022, and $104.0 million in 2021.  During 
2023, net interest income decreased by $63.3 million, non-interest expense increased by $12.4 million and non-interest 
income decreased by $2.0 million, partially offset by a decrease of $18.6 million in income tax expense and a decrease of 
$2.6 million in provision for credit losses. During 2022, net interest income increased by $22.3 million, provision for credit 
losses decreased by $0.8 million, and non-interest expense decreased by $44.6 million, partially offset by a non-interest 
income decrease of $3.9 million and an income tax expense increase of $15.2 million. During 2021, net interest income 
increased by $179.9 million, provision for credit losses decreased by $20.0 million and non-interest income increased 
$20.8 million, partially offset by a non-interest expense increase of $127.5 million and an income tax expense increase of 
$31.5 million.

The discussion of net interest income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 should be read in conjunction 
with the following tables, which set forth certain information related to the consolidated statements of operations for those 
periods, and which also present the average yield on assets and average cost of liabilities for the periods indicated. The 
average yields and costs were derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of their related assets or 
liabilities during the periods represented. Average balances were derived from average daily balances. No tax-equivalent 
adjustments have been made for interest income exempt from Federal, state, and local taxation. The yields include loan 
fees consisting of amortization of loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct and indirect origination costs, 
prepayment fees, and late charges that are considered adjustments to yields. Loan fees included in interest income were 
$1.5 million in 2023, $3.1 million in 2022, and $12.5 million in 2021. The decrease in loan fees in 2023 was primarily due 
to a decline in loan prepayment fees. There are no out-of-period adjustments included in the rate/volume analysis in the 
following table.

28

Average Balance Sheets

2023

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

Average
Balance

    Average    
Yield/
     Interest      Cost

Average
Balance

    Average    
Yield/
     Interest      Cost

Average
Balance

    Average    
Yield/
     Interest      Cost

Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Real estate loans (1) (4)
Commercial and industrial loans ("C&I") (1)
Other loans (1)
Securities
Other short-term investments
Total interest-earning assets
Non-interest earning assets

Total assets

$ 9,708,119
1,049,965
6,514
1,640,066
442,574
12,847,238
777,977
$ 13,625,215

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity:

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking
Money market
Savings
Certificates of deposit ("CDs")

Total interest-bearing deposits

     FHLBNY advances
     Subordinated debt, net
     Other short-term borrowings

Total borrowings

Derivative cash collateral

Total interest-bearing liabilities

Non-interest-bearing checking
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities

Total liabilities
Stockholders' equity

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
Net interest income
Net interest spread (2)
Net interest-earning assets
Net interest margin (3)
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-
bearing liabilities
Deposits (including non-interest-bearing 
checking accounts)

$

775,904
2,882,859
2,311,275
1,444,554
7,414,592
1,251,871
200,243
3,150
1,455,264
143,735
9,013,591
3,126,575
270,033
12,410,199
1,215,016
$ 13,625,215

$ 3,833,647

$ 473,425
80,670
393
32,179
22,693
609,360

$

8,562
83,950
73,270
53,263
219,045
56,140
10,212
120
66,472
7,272
292,789

4.88 %  $ 8,798,852
937,542
7.68
11,493
6.03
1,687,835
1.96
248,779
5.13
11,684,501
4.74
782,261
$ 12,466,762

$ 354,418
51,556
627
29,224
3,400
439,225

4.03 %  $ 7,969,344
1,494,970
5.50
19,891
5.46
1,295,439
1.73
574,467
1.37
11,354,111
3.76
758,689
$ 12,112,800

$ 298,682
58,909
1,425
22,634
2,976
384,626

3.75 %  
3.94
7.16
1.75
0.52
3.39

$

3,115
10,879
15,906
8,533
38,433
7,062
10,616
1,439
19,117
1,812
59,362

1.10 %  $
2.91
3.17
3.69
2.95
4.48
5.10
3.81
4.57
5.06
3.25

851,931
2,971,312
1,815,198
926,837
6,565,278
252,838
217,753
56,030
526,621
97,225
7,189,124
3,890,642
218,194
11,297,960
1,168,802
$ 12,466,762

0.37 %  $
0.37
0.88
0.92
0.59
2.79
4.88
2.57
3.63
1.86
0.83

924,122
3,491,870
1,142,111
1,247,425
6,805,528
259,203
190,128
6,282
455,613
1,982
7,263,123
3,513,354
175,075
10,951,552
1,161,248
$ 12,112,800

$

1,655
6,521
697
7,654
16,527
1,963
8,523
4
10,490
—
27,017

0.18 %  
0.19
0.06
0.61
0.24
0.76
4.48
0.06
2.30
—
0.37

$ 316,571

$ 379,863

$ 357,609

$ 4,495,377

1.49 %  

2.46 %  

142.53 %  

$ 4,090,988

2.93 %  

3.25 %  

162.53 %  

3.02 %  

3.15 %  

156.33 %  

$ 10,541,167

$ 219,045

2.08 %  $ 10,455,920

$ 38,433

0.37 %  $ 10,318,882

$ 16,527

0.16 %  

(1) Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/ (fees) and allowance for credit losses, and include loans held for sale.
(2) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of 

average interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
(4) At December 31, 2023, the loan portfolio included a fair value hedge basis point adjustment to the carrying amount 
of hedged one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans and CRE loans.

29

    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Rate/Volume Analysis

(In thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Real estate loans (1)

C&I (1)

Other loans (1)

Securities

Other short-term investments

Total interest-earning assets

Interest-bearing liabilities:

   Interest-bearing checking

   Money market

   Savings

   CDs

   FHLBNY advances

   Subordinated debt, net

   Other short-term borrowings

   Derivative cash collateral

         Total interest-bearing liabilities

Year Ended December 31,

2023 over 2022

2022 over 2021

Increase/(Decrease) Due to

Increase/(Decrease) Due to

Volume      Rate

     Total

     Volume      Rate

     Total

$ 40,430

$ 78,577

$ 119,007

$ 32,265

$ 23,471

$ 55,736

7,429

21,685

29,114

(26,319)

18,966

(286)

(877)

6,297

52

3,832

12,996

(234)

2,955

19,293

52,993

117,142

170,135

(527)

(1,364)

10,080

11,910

36,339

(869)

(1,687)

1,607

5,974

74,435

47,284

32,820

12,739

465

368

3,853

5,447

73,071

57,364

44,730

49,078

(404)

(1,319)

5,460

(531)

6,858

(3,077)

9,196

(213)

(1,458)

3,124

(2,472)

(106)

1,285

654

888

(267)

(268)

3,501

45,403

(7,353)

(798)

6,590

424

54,599

1,673

5,816

1,460

4,358

12,085

15,209

3,351

5,205

808

781

924

879

5,099

2,093

1,435

1,812

55,489

177,938

233,427

1,702

30,643

32,345

Net change in net interest income

$ (2,496) $ (60,796) $ (63,292) $

7,494

$ 14,760

$ 22,254

(1) Amounts are net of deferred origination costs/ (fees) and allowance for credit losses, and include loans held for sale.

Net Interest Income.  Net interest income was $316.6 million in 2023, $379.9 million in 2022, and $357.6 million in 2021. 
Average interest-earning assets were $12.85 billion in 2023, $11.68 billion in 2022 and $11.35 billion in 2021. Net interest 
margin was 2.46% in 2023, 3.25% in 2022, and 3.15% in 2021. 

Interest Income.  Interest income was $609.4 million in 2023, $439.2 million in 2022, and $384.6 million in 2021. During 
2023,  interest  income  increased  $170.2  million  from  2022,  primarily  reflecting  increases  in interest  income of $119.0
million on real estate loans, $29.1 million on C&I loans and $19.3 million on short-term investments. The increased interest 
income on real estate loans was primarily due to an 85-basis point increase in yield and an increase of $909.3 million in 
the average balances of such loans in the period. The increased interest income on C&I loans was primarily due to a 218-
basis point increase in yield and an increase of $112.4 million in the average balances of such loans in the period. The 
increased interest income from short-term investments was primarily due to a 376-basis point increase in yield and an 
increase of $193.8 million in the average balances of such short-term investments in the period. Increased yields across 
interest-earning assets were a result of the rising interest rate environment. During 2022, interest income increased $54.6 
million from 2021, primarily reflecting increases in interest income of $55.7 million on real estate loans and $6.6 million 
on securities. The increased interest income on real estate loans was primarily due to an increase of $829.5 million in the 
average balance of real estate loans and a 28-basis point increase in the yield of such loans. The increased interest income 
from securities was primarily due to an increase of $392.4 million in the average balance of securities, offset by a 2-basis 
point decrease in the yield of such securities. 

Interest Expense.  Interest expense was $292.8 million in 2023, $59.4 million in 2022, and $27.0 million in 2021.  During 
2023, interest expense increased $233.4 million from 2022, primarily reflecting increases in interest expense of $73.1 
million on money market accounts, $57.4 million on savings accounts, $49.1 million on Federal Home Loan Bank of New 
York (“FHLBNY”) advances and $44.7 million on CDs. The increase in interest expense on money market accounts was 
primarily due to a 254-basis point increase in rates paid on money market accounts, offset by a decrease of $88.5 million 

30

  
  
  
  
  
  
in the average balances of such deposits in the period. The increase in interest expense on savings accounts was primarily 
due to a 229-basis point increase in rates paid on savings accounts and an increase of $496.1 million in the average balances
of such deposits in the period. The increase in interest expense on CDs was primarily due to a 277-basis point increase in 
rates paid on CDs and an increase of $517.7 million in the average balances of such deposits in the period. The increase 
in interest expense on FHLBNY advances primarily reflects a $999.0 million increase in the average balance of FHLBNY 
advances and a 169-basis point increase in rates paid on such advances. During 2022, interest expense increased $32.3 
million from 2021, primarily reflecting increases in interest expense of $15.2 million on savings accounts, $5.1 million on 
FHLBNY advances, and $4.4 million on money market accounts. The increase in interest expense on savings accounts 
was primarily due to an 82-basis point increase in yield on savings account and an increase of $673.1 million in the average 
balances of such deposits in the period. The increase in interest expense on FHLBNY advances was primarily due to a 
203-basis point increase in rates paid on FHLBNY wholesale borrowings, partially offset by a $6.4 million decrease in the 
average balance of such borrowings. The increase in interest expense on money market accounts was primarily due to an 
18-basis point increase in rates paid on money market accounts, partially offset by a $520.6 million decrease in the average 
balance of such accounts.

Provision for Credit Losses.  The Company recognized a provision for credit losses of $2.8 million in 2023, $5.4 million 
in 2022 and $6.2 million in 2021. The $2.8 million provision for credit losses recognized in 2023 was associated with 
increased provisioning for individually analyzed loans. The $5.4 million provision for credit losses recognized in 2022
was associated with growth in the loan portfolio and a deterioration of forecasted macroeconomic conditions, offset by a 
reduction in reserves on individually analyzed loans and unfunded commitments. The $6.2 million provision for credit 
losses recognized in 2021 included a provision recorded on acquired non-PCD loans for the Day 2 accounting of acquired 
loans  from  the  Merger,  offset  by  improvements  in  forecasted  macroeconomic  conditions,  and  releases  of  reserves  on 
individually  analyzed  loans.  The  provision  for  credit  losses  recognized  in  2023,  2022  and  2021  was  calculated  in 
accordance with the CECL Standard adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income was $36.2 million in 2023, $38.2 million in 2022, and $42.1 million in 2021. 
During 2023, non-interest income decreased $2.0 million from 2022, primarily due to a decrease of $2.9 million from net 
gain on sale of securities and other assets, offset by a $3.4 million increase in loan level derivative income. During 2022, 
non-interest income decreased $3.9 million from 2021, due primarily to a decrease in gain on the sales of SBA PPP loans, 
and a decrease in gain on sale of residential loans and other non-interest income of $1.3 million each. Offsetting these 
declines was an increase in BOLI income of $3.3 million and no loss on termination of derivatives in 2022 (versus a $16.5 
million loss on termination of derivatives in 2021).

Non-Interest Expense.  Non-interest expense was $213.1 million in 2023, $200.7 million in 2022, and $245.3 million in 
2021. During 2023, non-interest expense increased $12.4 million from 2022, primarily due to a $6.9 million increase in 
severance  expense,  a  $5.0  million  increase  in  federal  deposit  insurance  premiums  (including  $1.0  million  of  pre-tax 
expense related to the FDIC special assessment for the recovery of losses related to the closures of Silicon Valley Bank 
and  Signature  Bank),  partially  offset  by  a  $2.7  million  decrease  in  salaries  and  employee  benefits.  During 2022, non-
interest expense decreased $44.6 million from 2021, primarily due to not recognizing any merger expenses and transaction 
costs  and  branch  restructuring  costs  in  2022  (versus  $44.8  million in  merger  expenses  and  transaction  costs and  $5.1 
million of branch restructuring costs in 2021). These declines were offset by an increase of $11.8 million in salaries and 
employee benefits expenses.

Non-interest expense was 1.56%, 1.61%, and 2.03% of average assets during 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Income Tax Expense.   Income tax expense was $40.8 million in 2023, $59.4 million in 2022, and $44.2 million in 2021. 
Income tax expense decreased $18.6 million during 2023 compared to 2022, primarily as a result of $75.0 million of lower 
pre-tax income during 2023. Income tax expense increased $15.2 million during 2022 compared to 2021, primarily as a 
result of $63.7 million of higher pre-tax income during 2022.

The Company’s consolidated tax rate was 29.8%, 28.0% and 29.8% in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. 

Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 

Assets.  Assets  totaled  $13.64 billion  at  December  31,  2023,  $446.1  million above their  level  at  December 31,  2022, 
primarily due to an increase in cash and due from banks of $288.3 million, an increase in the loan portfolio of $218.4 

31

million,  partially  offset  by  a decrease  in  total  securities  of  $55.5  million,  and  a  decrease  in  derivative  assets  of  $32.4 
million.

Total net loans held for investment increased $218.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, to $10.70 billion
at period end. During the period, the Bank had originations of $997.8 million. 

Total securities decreased $55.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, to $1.48 billion at period end, primarily 
due to proceeds from principal payments, calls, maturities and sales of $177.8 million offset in part by purchases of $114.4
million and a decrease in unrealized losses of $11.8 million. There were no transfers to or from securities held-to-maturity 
for the year ended ended December 31, 2023.

Liabilities. Total liabilities increased $389.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, to $12.41 billion at period 
end, primarily due to an increase of $276.2 in deposits, an increase of $182.0 million in FHLBNY advances, partially 
offset by a decrease of $44.9 million in derivative cash collateral and a decrease of $16.1 million in derivative liabilities.
We maintained a higher level of borrowings to support loan growth.  

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity increased $56.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 to $1.23 
billion  at  period  end,  primarily  due  to  net  income  for  the  period  of  $96.1  million, a  decrease  in  accumulated  other 
comprehensive loss of $2.8 million, offset in part by common stock dividends of $38.6 million, preferred stock dividends 
of $7.3 million and repurchases of shares of common stock of $947 thousand.

Loan Portfolio Composition

The following table presents an analysis of outstanding loans by loan type, excluding loans held for sale, net of unearned 
discounts and premiums and deferred origination fees and costs, at the dates presented:

(In thousands)
One-to-four family, including condominium and cooperative 
apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
Acquisition, development, and construction ("ADC")

Total real estate loans

C&I loans
Other loans

Total

Fair value hedge basis point adjustments (1)

Total loans, net of fair value hedge basis point adjustments

Allowance for credit losses

Loans held for investment, net

2023

$

887,555
4,017,176
4,620,900
168,513
9,694,144
1,066,938
5,755
10,766,837
6,591
10,773,428
(71,743)
$ 10,701,685

December 31,
2022

2021

8.2 %   $
37.3
42.9
1.6
90.0
9.9
0.1
100.0 %  

773,321     

4,026,826
4,457,630
229,663
9,487,440
1,071,712
7,679
10,566,831
—
10,566,831
(83,507)
$ 10,483,324

7.2 %  
36.3
42.7
3.5
89.7
10.1
0.2
100.0 %  

7.3 % $
38.1
42.2
2.2
89.8
10.1
0.1
100.0 %

669,282
3,356,346
3,945,948
322,628
8,294,204
933,559
16,898
9,244,661
—
9,244,661
(83,853)
$ 9,160,808

(1) At December 31, 2023, the loan portfolio included a fair value hedge basis point adjustment to the carrying amount of hedged one-

to-four family residential mortgage loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans and CRE loans.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, our real estate loans increased $206.7 million and our C&I loans decreased
$4.7 million.  

Loan Purchases, Sales and Servicing

In the event that the Bank were to sell loans in the secondary market or through securitization, it generally retains servicing 
rights on the loans sold. Servicing fees are typically derived based upon the difference between the actual origination rate 
and contractual pass-through rate of the loans at the time of sale. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank had recorded
servicing right assets ("SRAs") of $2.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively, associated with the sale of loans to third-
party institutions in which the Bank retained the servicing of the loan. The Bank outsources the servicing of a portion of 
our one-to-four family mortgage loan portfolio to an unrelated third-party under a sub-servicing agreement. Fees paid 
under the sub-servicing agreement are reported as a component of other non-interest expense in the consolidated statements 
of operations.

32

Loan Maturity and Repricing

As  of  December 31,  2023,  $8.84  billion,  or  82.1%  of the loan  portfolio  was  scheduled  to  mature  or  reprice  within 
five years. 

The following table distributes our loans held for investment portfolio at December 31, 2023 by the earlier of the maturity 
or next repricing date. ARMs are included in the period during which their interest rates are next scheduled to adjust. The 
table does not include scheduled principal amortization.

(In thousands)
One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium 
apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
ADC

Total real estate loans

C&I
Other loans

Total

Less than
1 year

1 to 5 years

5 to 15 years Over 15 years

Total

     $

$

99,518
930,022
1,538,046
164,698
2,732,284
857,752
2,454
3,592,490

$

$

351,192
2,440,640
2,320,776
3,160
5,115,768
126,303
937
5,243,008

$

$

356,680
646,486
757,374
—
1,760,540
82,877
191
1,843,608

$

$

80,165
28
4,704
655
85,552
6
2,173
87,731

$

887,555
4,017,176
4,620,900
168,513
9,694,144
1,066,938
5,755
$ 10,766,837

The following table presents our loans held for investment with maturity or next repricing due after December 31, 2024:

(In thousands)
One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
ADC

Total real estate loans

C&I
Other loans

Total

Asset Quality  

General

Due after December 31, 2024

Fixed

129,544
914,032
1,514,128
655
2,558,359
188,503
3,301
2,750,163

Adjustable
658,493
2,173,122
1,568,726
3,160
4,403,501
20,683
-
4,424,184

$

$

$

$

$

$

Total

788,037
3,087,154
3,082,854
3,815
6,961,860
209,186
3,301
7,174,347

We do not originate or purchase loans, either whole loans or loans underlying mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), which 
would have been considered subprime loans at origination, i.e., real estate loans advanced to borrowers who did not qualify 
for market interest rates because of problems with their income or credit history. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial 
Statements for a discussion of evaluation for impaired securities.

Monitoring and Collection of Delinquent Loans

Our management reviews delinquent loans on a monthly basis and reports to our Board of Directors or Committees of the 
Board of the Directors at each regularly scheduled Board or Committee meeting regarding the status of all non-performing 
and otherwise delinquent loans in our loan portfolio.

Our loan servicing policies and procedures require that an automated late notice be sent to a delinquent borrower as soon 
as possible after a payment is ten days late in the case of multifamily residential, CRE loans, and C&I loans, or fifteen days 
late in connection with one-to-four family and consumer loans. Thereafter, periodic letters are mailed and phone calls are 
placed to the borrower until payment is received. When contact is made with the borrower at any time prior to foreclosure, 
we will attempt to obtain the full payment due or negotiate a repayment schedule with the borrower to avoid foreclosure.

Accrual of interest is generally discontinued on a loan that meets any of the following three criteria: (i) full payment of 
principal or interest is not expected; (ii) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more (unless the 
loan is both deemed to be well secured and in the process of collection); or (iii) an election has otherwise been made to 
maintain  the  loan  on  a  cash  basis  due  to  deterioration  in  the  financial  condition  of  the  borrower.  Such  non-accrual 

33

    
determination practices are applied consistently to all loans regardless of their internal classification or designation. Upon 
entering non-accrual status, we reverse all outstanding accrued interest receivable.

We generally initiate foreclosure proceedings on real estate loans when a loan enters non-accrual status based upon non-
payment, unless the borrower is paying in accordance with an agreed upon modified payment agreement. We obtain an 
updated  appraisal  upon  the  commencement  of  legal  action  to  calculate  a  potential  collateral  shortfall  and  to  reserve 
appropriately for the potential loss. If a foreclosure action is instituted and the loan is not brought current, paid in full, or 
refinanced before the foreclosure action is completed, the property securing the loan is transferred to Other Real Estate 
Owned (“OREO”) status. We generally attempt to utilize all available remedies, such as note sales in lieu of foreclosure, 
in an effort to resolve non-accrual loans and OREO properties as quickly and prudently as possible in consideration of 
market conditions, the physical condition of the property and any other mitigating circumstances. We have not initiated 
any expected or imminent foreclosure proceedings that are likely to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated 
financial statements. In the event that a non-accrual loan is subsequently brought current, it is returned to accrual status 
once the doubt concerning collectability has been removed and the borrower has demonstrated performance in accordance 
with the loan terms and has made at least six months of payments.

The C&I portfolio is actively managed by our lenders and underwriters. Most credit facilities typically require an annual 
review  of  the  exposure  and  borrowers  are  required  to  submit  annual  financial  reporting  and  loans  are  structured  with 
financial covenants to indicate expected performance levels. Smaller C&I loans are monitored based on performance and 
the ability to draw against a credit line is curtailed if there are any indications of credit deterioration. Guarantors are also 
required to update their financial reporting. All exposures are risk rated and those entering adverse ratings due to financial 
performance concerns of the borrower or material delinquency of any payments or financial reporting are subjected to 
added management scrutiny. Measures taken typically include amendments to the amount of the available credit facility, 
requirements for increased collateral, additional guarantor support or a material enhancement to the frequency and quality 
of  financial  reporting.  Loans  determined  to  reach  adverse  risk  rating  standards  are  monitored  closely  by  Credit 
Administration  to  identify  any  potential  credit  losses.  When  warranted,  loans  reaching  a  Substandard  rating  could  be 
reassigned to the Workout Group for direct handling.

Non-accrual Loans

Within our held-for-investment loan portfolio, non-accrual loans totaled $29.1 million at December 31, 2023 and $34.2
million at December 31, 2022.  

Loan Restructurings 

The Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, which eliminates the recognition and measurement of a 
TDR. Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance 
to determine whether a modification or other forms of restructuring result in a new loan or a continuation of an existing 
loan.  Loan  modifications  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty  that  result  in  a  direct  change  in  the  timing  or 
amount of contractual cash flows include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-
than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and/or a combinations of these modifications. The disclosures related 
to loan restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

Please refer to Note 5 to our condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion loan restructurings.

34

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)

Prior  to  the  adoption  of  ASU  No.2022-02,  we  were required  to  recognize  loans  for  which  certain  modifications  or 
concessions have been made as TDRs.  A TDR has been created in the event that, for economic or legal reasons, any of 
the  following  concessions  has  been  granted  that  would  not  have  otherwise  been  considered  to  a  debtor  experiencing 
financial difficulties. The following criteria are considered concessions:

(cid:120) A reduction of interest rate has been made for the remaining term of the loan. 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

The maturity date of the loan has been extended with a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for 
new debt with similar risk. 

The outstanding principal amount and/or accrued interest have been reduced. 

In instances in which the interest rate has been reduced, management would not deem the modification a TDR in the event 
that  the  reduction  in  interest  rate  reflected  either  a  general  decline  in  market  interest  rates  or  an  effort  to  maintain  a 
relationship with a borrower who could readily obtain funds from other sources at the current market interest rate, and the 
terms of the restructured loan are comparable to the terms offered by the Bank to non-troubled debtors.   

We modified twelve loans in a manner that met the criteria for a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Accrual status for TDRs is determined separately for each TDR in accordance with our policies for determining accrual 
or non-accrual status.  At the time an agreement is entered into between the Bank and the borrower that results in our  
determination that a TDR has been created, the loan can be on either accrual or non-accrual status.  If a loan is on non-
accrual status at the time it is restructured, it continues to be classified as non-accrual until the borrower has demonstrated 
compliance with the modified loan terms for a period of at least six months. Conversely, if at the time of restructuring the 
loan is performing (and accruing) it will remain accruing throughout its restructured period, unless the loan subsequently 
meets any of the criteria for non-accrual status under our policy and agency regulations. Within the allowance for credit 
losses, losses are estimated for TDRs on accrual status as well as TDRs on non-accrual status that are one-to-four family 
loans or consumer loans, on a pooled basis with loans that share similar risk characteristics. TDRs on non-accrual status 
excluding  one-to-four  family  and  consumer  loans  are  individually  evaluated  to  determine  expected  credit  losses.  For 
collateral-dependent TDRs where we have determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower 
is experiencing financial difficulty and we expect repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation 
or sale of the collateral, the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is measured based on the difference between the fair value 
of collateral, less the estimated costs to sell, and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. For non-
collateral-dependent loans, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the present value of expected cash flows 
and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date.

Please refer to Note 5 to our condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of TDRs.

OREO

Property acquired by the Bank, or a subsidiary, as a result of foreclosure on a mortgage loan or a deed in lieu of foreclosure 
is classified as OREO. Upon entering OREO status, we obtain a current appraisal on the property and reassesses the likely 
realizable value (a/k/a fair value) of the property quarterly thereafter. OREO is carried at the lower of the fair value or 
book balance, with any write downs recognized through a provision recorded in non-interest expense. Only the appraised 
value, or either a contractual or formal marketed value that falls below the appraised value, is used when determining the 
likely realizable value of OREO at each reporting period. We typically seek to dispose of OREO properties in a timely 
manner. As a result, OREO properties have generally not warranted subsequent independent appraisals. 

There was no carrying value of OREO properties on our consolidated statements of financial condition at December 31, 
2023 or December 31, 2022. We did not recognize any provisions for losses on OREO properties during the years ended 
December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. 

35

Past Due Loans

Loans Delinquent 30 to 59 Days

At December 31, 2023, we had loans totaling $12.0 million that were past due between 30 and 59 days. At December 31, 
2022, we had loans totaling $23.5 million that were past due between 30 and 59 days. The 30 to 59-day delinquency levels 
fluctuate monthly, and are generally considered a less accurate indicator of near-term credit quality trends than non-accrual 
loans.

Loans Delinquent 60 to 89 Days

At December 31, 2023, we had loans totaling $1.3 million that were past due between 60 and 89 days. At December 31, 
2022, we had loans totaling $0.7 million that were past due between 60 and 89 days. The 60 to 89-day delinquency levels 
fluctuate monthly, and are generally considered a less accurate indicator of near-term credit quality trends than non-accrual 
loans.

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due

There were no accruing loans 90 days or more past due at December 31, 2023 or 2022. 

Reserve for Loan Commitments

We maintain a reserve, recorded in other liabilities, associated with unfunded loan commitments accepted by the borrower. 
The amount of reserve was $2.7 million at December 31, 2023 and $2.8 million at December 31, 2022. This reserve is 
determined based upon the outstanding volume of loan commitments at each period end. Any increases or reductions in 
this reserve are recognized in provision for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)". ASU 
2016-13  was  effective  for  the  Company  as  of  January  1,  2020.    Under  Section  4014  of  the  CARES  Act,  financial 
institutions required to adopt ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020 were provided an option to delay the adoption of the
CECL framework. The Company elected to defer adoption of CECL until January 1, 2021. This standard requires that the 
measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date be based on historical experience, 
current  conditions,  and  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts.  This  standard  requires  financial  institutions  and  other 
organizations to use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates.  

The adoption of the CECL Standard resulted in an initial decrease of $3.9 million to the allowance for credit losses and an 
increase  of  $1.4 million  to  the  reserve  for  unfunded  commitments.  The  after-tax  cumulative-effect  adjustment  of $1.7 
million was recorded as an increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2021.

A provision of $2.8 million and $5.4 million were recorded during the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2023 
and 2022, respectively. The $2.8 million provision for credit losses recognized in 2023 was primarily associated with 
provisioning  for  individually  analyzed  loans.  The $5.4 million  provision  for  credit  losses  recognized  in  2022  was 
associated with growth in the loan portfolio and a deterioration of forecasted economic conditions, offset by a reduction 
in reserves on individually analyzed loans and unfunded commitments.

For further discussion of the allowance for credit losses and related activity during the years ended December 31, 2023, 
2022 and 2021, please see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

36

The following table presents our allowance for credit losses allocated by loan type and the percent of each to total loans at 
the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)
One-to-four family residential and 
cooperative/condominium apartment

Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use

CRE

ADC

C&I

Other loans

Total

2023

December 31,
2022

2021

Percent
of Loans
in Each
Category
to Total
     Loans

8.24 % $

37.31

42.92

1.57

9.91

0.05

Percent
of Loans
in Each
Category
to Total
     Loans

7.32 % $

38.11

42.19

2.17

10.14

0.07

Allocated
Amount

5,932

7,816

29,166

4,857

35,331

751

Allocated
Amount

5,969

8,360

27,329

1,723

39,853

273

Allocated
Amount

$

6,813

7,237

26,608

1,989

28,977

119

$

71,743

100.00 % $

83,507

100.00 % $

83,853

Percent
of Loans
in Each
Category
to Total
     Loans

7.24 %

36.31

42.68

3.49

10.10

0.18
100.00 %  

The following table sets forth information about our allowance for credit losses at or for the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)
Total loans outstanding at end of period (1)
Average total loans outstanding during the period(2)
Allowance for credit losses balance at end of period
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period
Non-performing loans to total loans at end of period
Allowance for credit losses to total non-performing loans at end of period

Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the period:
One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
ADC
C&I
Other loans

Total

At or for the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2023
9,244,661
$ 10,566,831
$ 10,766,837
9,484,205
9,747,887
10,764,598
83,853
83,507
71,743

$

0.67 %  
0.27
246.55

0.79 %  
0.32
243.91

0.91 %
0.37
231.26

— %  
—
—
—
1.37
4.34

0.14

— %  
—
—
—
0.77
0.42

0.07

(0.01)%
0.01
0.09
—
0.33
3.89

0.10

(1) Total loans represent gross loans (excluding loans held for sale), fair value hedge basis point adjustments, inclusive 

of deferred fees/costs and premiums/discounts. 

(2) Total average loans represent gross loans (including loans held for sale and fair value hedge basis point adjustments), 

inclusive of deferred loan fees/costs and premiums/discounts.

37

    
    
    
    
    
Investment Activities 

Securities available-for-sale 

The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value and weighted average yield of our securities available-for-sale 
at December 31, 2023, categorized by remaining period to contractual maturity: 

(Dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year
Due after 1 year but within 5 years
Due after 5 years but within 10 years
Due after ten years
Total

Amortized
Cost

$

$

96,095
266,176
280,157
353,281
995,709

$

$

Fair
Value

93,607
250,253
247,742
294,638
886,240

     Weighted
Average
Yield

0.48 %
1.44
3.42
1.50
1.93 %

The entire carrying amount of each security at December 31, 2023 is reflected in the above table in the maturity period 
that includes the final security payment date and, accordingly, no effect has been given to periodic repayments or possible 
prepayments. The  weighted  average  duration  of  our  securities  available-for-sale approximated 2.9 years  as  of 
December 31, 2023 when giving consideration to anticipated repayments or possible prepayments, which is significantly 
less than their weighted average maturity.

The following table presents the weighted average contractual maturity of our securities available-for-sale: 

Agency notes
Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by U.S. GSEs and agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs")
State and municipal obligations

Securities held-to-maturity

December 31,
2023

2.85
1.33
6.75
16.68
3.92

The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value and weighted average yield of our securities held-to-maturity 
at December 31, 2023, categorized by remaining period to contractual maturity: 

(Dollars in thousands)
Due within 1 year
Due after 1 year but within 5 years
Due after 5 years but within 10 years
Due after ten years
Total

Amortized
Cost

$

$

— $

32,742
167,524
394,373
594,639

$

Fair
Value

—
30,710
144,761
341,459
516,930

     Weighted
Average
Yield

— %

2.48
2.48
2.70
2.63 %

The entire carrying amount of each security at December 31, 2023 is reflected in the above table in the maturity period 
that includes the final security payment date and, accordingly, no effect has been given to periodic repayments or possible 
prepayments. The weighted average duration of our securities held-to-maturity approximated 5.7 years as of December 31, 
2023 when giving consideration to anticipated repayments or possible prepayments, which is significantly less than their 
weighted average maturity.

38

    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
The following table presents the weighted average contractual maturity of our securities held-to-maturity: 

Agency notes
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs and agency CMOs

Sources of Funds

Deposits

December 31,
2023

6.26
8.59
21.21

The following table presents our deposit accounts and the related weighted average interest rates at the dates indicated
(Dollars in thousands): 

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

December 31, 2021

Savings accounts
CDs
Money market accounts
Interest-bearing checking accounts
Non-interest-bearing checking accounts
Totals

Percent     

of
Total

     Amount

Deposits    

$ 2,335,490
1,607,683
3,125,996
515,987
2,945,499
$ 10,530,655

22.2 %  
15.3
29.6
4.9
28.0
100.00 %  

Weighted
Average
Rate

Amount

3.67 %  $ 2,260,101
1,115,364
4.43
2,532,270
3.46
827,454
0.77
3,519,218
—
2.56 %  $ 10,254,407

     Percent     
Of
Total

Weighted
Average

     Amount

    Deposits     Rate
22.0 %  
10.9
24.7
8.1
34.3
100.00 %  

2.24 %  $ 1,158,040
853,242
2.25
3,621,552
1.50
905,717
1.01
3,920,423
—
1.19 %  $ 10,458,974

     Percent     
Of
Total
Deposits

Weighted
Average
Rate

11.1 %  
8.2
34.6
8.7
37.5
100.00 %  

0.03 %
0.58
0.07
0.18
—
0.09 %

The  weighted  average  maturity  of  our  CDs  at  December 31,  2023 was  5.1 months,  compared  to 7.6 months at 
December 31, 2022. 

Non-insured deposits (excluding collateralized deposits and deposits with pass through insurance) represented 28.9% and 
31.0% of total deposits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Bank had $1.88 billion and $1.90 billion of 
public funds  collateralized by  securities  and  Municipal  Letters  of  Credit  (“MULOC”),  and $680.8  million and  $615.6 
million of deposits with pass through insurance as of December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The following table sets forth the amount of time deposits in uninsured accounts by maturity, all of which are CDs at 
December 31, 2023: 

(In thousands)
Three months or less
Over three through six months
Over six through twelve months
Over twelve months

Total

$

$

97,664
95,112
53,347
26,672
272,795

As of December 31, 2023, the portion of uninsured time deposits in excess of the $250,000 FDIC insurance limit was 
$115.3 million. 

Our Board of Directors authorized the Bank to accept brokered deposits up to an aggregate limit of 10.0% of total assets.  
At  December  31,  2023,  brokered  deposits  totaled  $898.7  million,  which  included  purchased  CDs  from  the  CDARS 
program, purchased MMAs from the ICS program and purchased CDs through a broker. At December 31, 2022, brokered 
deposits totaled $538.9 million, which included purchased CDs from the CDARS program, purchased MMAs from the 
ICS program and purchased CDs through a broker. At December 31, 2021, brokered deposits totaled $200.0 million, which 
included purchased MMAs from the ICS program.

39

    
    
    
Borrowings

The Bank’s total borrowing line with FHLBNY equaled $4.09 billion at December 31, 2023. The Bank had $1.31 billion 
of FHLBNY advances outstanding at December 31, 2023, and $1.13 billion at December 31, 2022. The Bank maintained 
sufficient collateral, as defined by the FHLBNY (principally in the form of real estate loans), to secure such advances.

The  Company  had  no  outstanding  securities  sold  under  agreements  to  repurchase  (“repurchase  agreements”)  at 
December 31,  2023.  The  Company  had  $1.4  million  outstanding  of  securities  sold  under  agreements  to  repurchase  at 
December 31, 2022.  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Board of Directors of the Bank has approved a liquidity policy that it reviews and updates at least annually. Senior 
management is responsible for implementing the policy. The Bank’s Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”) is responsible 
for  general  oversight  and  strategic  implementation  of  the  policy  and  management  of  the  appropriate  departments  are 
designated  responsibility  for  implementing  any  strategies  established  by  ALCO.  On  a  daily  basis,  appropriate  senior 
management receives a current cash position report and one-week forecast to ensure that all short-term obligations are 
timely satisfied and that adequate liquidity exists to fund future activities. Reports detailing the Bank’s liquidity reserves 
are presented to appropriate senior management on a monthly basis, and the Board of Directors at each of its meetings. In 
addition, a twelve-month liquidity forecast is presented to ALCO in order to assess potential future liquidity concerns. A 
forecast of cash flow data for the upcoming 12 months is presented to the Board of Directors on an annual basis.

Liquidity is primarily needed to meet customer borrowing commitments and deposit withdrawals, either on demand or on 
contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, to fund current and planned expenditures and to make new loans 
and investments as opportunities arise. The Bank’s primary sources of funding for its lending and investment activities 
include deposits, loan payments, investment security principal and interest payments and advances from the FHLBNY. 
The Bank  may  also  sell  or  securitize  selected  multifamily residential,  mixed-use  or one-to-four  family  residential  real 
estate loans to private sector secondary market purchasers, and has in the past sold such loans to FNMA and Federal Home 
Loan  Mortgage  Corporation  (“FHLMC”).  The  Company  may  additionally  issue  debt  or  equity  under  appropriate 
circumstances. Although maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and investments are predictable sources of funds, 
deposit flows and prepayments on real estate loans and MBS are influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and 
competition.

The Bank is a member of American Financial Exchange (“AFX”), through which it may either borrow or lend funds on 
an overnight or short-term basis with other member institutions. The availability of funds changes daily.  

The Bank utilizes repurchase agreements as part of its borrowing policy to add liquidity. Repurchase agreements represent 
funds received from customers, generally on an overnight basis, which are collateralized by investment securities. As of 
December 31, 2023 the Bank did not have any repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank’s repurchase 
agreements  totaled  $1.4  million,  included  in  other  short-term  borrowings  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition.

The Bank gathers deposits in direct competition with commercial banks, savings banks and brokerage firms, many among 
the largest in the nation. It must additionally compete for deposit monies against the stock and bond markets, especially 
during periods of strong performance in those arenas. The Bank’s deposit flows are affected primarily by the pricing and 
marketing of its deposit products compared to its competitors, as well as the market performance of depositor investment 
alternatives such as the U.S. bond or equity markets. To the extent that the Bank is responsive to general market increases 
or declines in interest rates, its deposit flows should not be materially impacted. However, favorable performance of the 
equity or bond markets could adversely impact the Bank’s deposit flows.

Total deposits (including mortgage escrow deposits) increased $276.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023
compared to a decrease of $204.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in total deposits during 
the 2023 period was primarily due to an increase in money market deposits. Within deposits, core deposits (i.e., non-CDs) 
decreased $216.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 and decreased $466.7 million during the year ended 
December 31, 2022. CDs increased $492.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to an increase of 

40

$262.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in CDs during the current period was primarily 
due to a $359.9 million increase in brokered CDs.  

The Bank increased its outstanding FHLBNY advances by $182.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, 
compared to a $1.11 billion increase during the year ended December 31, 2022. See Note 13. “Federal Home Loan Bank 
Advances” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Subordinated debentures totaled $200.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $200.3 million at December 31, 2022. See Note 
14. “Subordinated Debentures” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

In the event that the Bank should require funds beyond its ability or desire to generate them internally, additional sources 
of liquidity are available through its collateralized borrowing lines at the FHLBNY and the FRB, as well as unsecured 
borrowing capacity through the AFX and lines of credit with unaffiliated correspondent banks. At December 31, 2023, the 
Bank had remaining borrowing capacity of $1.19 billion through the FHLBNY, subject to customary minimum FHLBNY 
common stock ownership requirements (i.e., 4.5% of the Bank’s drawn FHLBNY borrowings). The Bank also had access 
to the FRB Discount Window and the FRB Bank Term Funding Program. At December 31, 2023, an available line of 
credit  totaling  $848.4  million  was  in  place  at  the  FRB  backed  by  investment  securities  with  no  advances 
drawn. Additionally, at December 31, 2023, a line of credit totaling $2.01 billion was in place at the FRB secured by 
certain qualifying 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, construction loans and CRE loans with no amounts drawn.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, real estate loan originations totaled $885.5 million and $2.67 billion, 
respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, C&I loan originations totaled $112.3 million and $160.1 
million, respectively.

Sales of securities available-for-sale totaled $77.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. There were no sales 
of securities available-for-sale during the year ended December 31, 2022. Purchases of available-for-sale securities totaled 
$86.1 million and $39.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Proceeds from pay 
downs and calls and maturities of available-for-sale securities were $79.9 million and $165.1 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Bank did not have proceeds from sales of held-to-maturity securities during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 
2022. Purchases of held-to-maturity securities totaled $28.3 million and $63.2 million during the year ended December 
31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Proceeds from pay downs and calls and maturities of held-to-maturity securities were 
$23.0 million and $31.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The  Company  and  the  Bank  are  subject  to  minimum  regulatory  capital  requirements  imposed  by  its  primary  federal 
regulator. As a general matter, these capital requirements are based on the amount and composition of an institution’s 
assets. At December 31, 2023, each of the Company and the Bank were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital 
requirements and the Bank was considered "well capitalized" for all regulatory purposes.

The Holding Company repurchased 36,813 shares of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023. The 
Holding Company repurchased 1,431,241 shares of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of 
December  31,  2023,  up  to  1,566,947 shares  remained available  for  purchase  under  the  authorized  share  repurchase 
programs. See "Part II - Item 5. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities" for additional information about repurchases of 
common stock.

The Holding Company paid $7.3 million in cash dividends on its preferred stock during the years ended December 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Holding Company paid $37.3 million and $36.8 million in cash dividends on its common stock during the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

41

Contractual Obligations  

The Bank generally has outstanding at any time borrowings in the form of FHLBNY advances, short-term or overnight 
borrowings,  subordinated  debt,  as  well  as  customer  CDs  with  fixed  contractual  interest  rates.  In  addition,  the  Bank is 
obligated to make rental payments under leases on certain of its branches and equipment.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements  

As part of its loan origination business, the Bank generally has outstanding commitments to extend credit to borrowers, 
which are originated pursuant to its regular underwriting standards. Available lines of credit may not be drawn on or may 
expire prior to funding, in whole or in part, and amounts are not estimates of future cash flows. As of December 31, 2023, 
the Bank had $97.0 million of firm loan commitments that were accepted by the borrowers.

Additionally,  in  connection  with  a  loan  securitization transaction  that  was  completed  in  2017, the  Bank  executed  a 
reimbursement agreement with FHLMC that obligates the Company to reimburse FHLMC for any contractual principal 
and interest payments on defaulted loans, not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the 
aggregate balance of the loan pool at securitization. The maximum exposure under this reimbursement obligation is $28.0
million. The Bank has pledged $28.0 million of pass-through MBS issued by GSEs as collateral.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards 

For a discussion of the impact of recently issued accounting standards, please see Note 1 to the Company’s Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk  

General

The Company’s largest component of market risk remains interest rate risk. The Company is not subject to foreign currency 
exchange or commodity price risk. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we conducted zero transactions involving 
derivative instruments requiring bifurcation in order to hedge interest rate or market risk.

Asset/Liability Management

Management considers interest rate risk to be the most significant market risk for the Company. Market risk is the risk of 
losses from adverse changes in market prices and rates. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net income 
as a result of changes in interest rates.

The Company’s primary earnings source is net interest income, which is affected by changes in the level of interest rates, 
the relationship between rates, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on asset prepayments, the level and composition of 
deposits  and  liabilities,  and  the  credit  quality  of  earning  assets.  Our  asset  and  liability  management  objectives  are  to 
maintain  a  strong,  stable  net  interest  margin,  to  utilize  its  capital  effectively  without  taking  undue  risks,  to  maintain 
adequate liquidity, and to reduce vulnerability of our operations to changes in interest rates.

Our Asset and Liability Committee evaluates periodically, but no less than four times annually, the impact of changes in 
market interest rates on assets and liabilities, net interest margin, capital and liquidity. Risk assessments are governed by
policies and limits established by senior management, which are reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors at least 
annually. The economic environment continually presents uncertainties as to future interest rate trends. The Asset and 
Liability Committee regularly utilizes a model that projects net interest income based on increasing or decreasing interest 
rates, in order to be better able to respond to changes in interest rates.

At December 31, 2023, $1.26 billion, or 85.2%, of our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities had fixed interest 
rates. At December 31, 2023, $7.85 billion, or 73.0%, of the loan portfolio had contractual terms with adjustable or floating 
interest rates. Changes in interest rates affect the value of interest-earning assets and, in particular, the securities portfolio. 
Generally, the value of securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. Increases in interest rates could result

42

in decreases in the market value of interest-earning assets, which could adversely affect stockholders’ equity and the results 
of operations if sold. The Company is also subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes 
in market interest rates also could affect the type (fixed-rate or adjustable-rate) and amount of loans originated and the 
average life of loans and securities, which can impact the yields earned on loans and securities. In periods of decreasing 
interest rates, the average life of loans and securities held may be shortened to the extent increased prepayment activity 
occurs during such periods which, in turn, may result in the investment of funds from such prepayments in lower yielding 
assets. Under these circumstances, the Company is subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that management is unable to 
reinvest the cash received from such prepayments at rates that are comparable to the rates on existing loans and securities. 
Additionally, increases in interest rates may result in decreasing loan prepayments with respect to fixed rate loans (and, 
therefore, an increase in the average life of such loans), may result in a decrease in loan demand, and may make it more 
difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans. In addition, increases in interest rates may result in the extensions of 
the average life of securities which may result in lower cash flows to the Bank.

Interest Rate Risk Exposure Analysis

Economic Value of Equity ("EVE") Analysis. In accordance with agency regulatory guidelines, the Company simulates the 
impact of interest rate volatility upon EVE using several interest rate scenarios. EVE is the difference between the present 
value of the expected future cash flows of the Company’s assets and liabilities and the value of any off-balance sheet 
items, such as derivatives, if applicable.

Traditionally,  the  fair  value  of  fixed-rate  instruments  fluctuates  inversely  with  changes  in  interest  rates. Increases  in 
interest  rates  thus  result  in  decreases  in  the  fair  value  of  interest-earning  assets,  which  could  adversely  affect  the 
Company’s consolidated results of operations in the event they were to be sold, or, in the case of interest-earning assets 
classified as available-for-sale, reduce the Company’s consolidated stockholders’ equity, if retained. The changes in the 
value of assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates measure the interest rate sensitivity of those assets and 
liabilities.

In order to measure the Company’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates, EVE is calculated under market interest rates 
prevailing at a given quarter-end ("Pre-Shock Scenario"), and under various other interest rate scenarios ("Rate Shock 
Scenarios") representing immediate, permanent, parallel shifts in the term structure of interest rates from the actual term 
structure observed in the Pre-Shock Scenario. An increase in the EVE is considered favorable, while a decline is considered 
unfavorable. The changes in EVE between the Pre-Shock Scenario and various Rate Shock Scenarios due to fluctuations 
in interest rates reflect the interest rate sensitivity of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet items that are 
included  in  the  EVE. Management  reports  the  EVE  results  to  the  Board  of  Directors  on  a  quarterly  basis.  The  report 
compares  the  Company’s  estimated  Pre-Shock  Scenario  EVE  to  the  estimated  EVE  calculated  under  the various  Rate 
Shock Scenarios.

The Company’s valuation model makes various estimates regarding cash flows from principal repayments on loans and 
deposit decay rates at each level of interest rate change. The Company’s estimates for loan repayment levels are influenced 
by the recent history of prepayment activity in its loan portfolio, as well as the interest rate composition of the existing 
portfolio, especially in relation to the existing interest rate environment. In addition, the Company considers the amount 
of fee protection inherent in the loan portfolio when estimating future repayment cash flows. Regarding deposit decay 
rates, the Company tracks and analyzes the decay rate of its deposits over time, with the assistance of a reputable third-
party, and over various interest rate scenarios. Such results are utilized in determining estimates of deposit decay rates in 
the valuation model. The Company also generates a series of spot discount rates that are integral to the valuation of the 
projected monthly cash flows of its assets and liabilities. The valuation model employs discount rates that it considers 
representative of prevailing market rates of interest with appropriate adjustments it believes are suited to the heterogeneous 
characteristics of the Company’s various asset and liability portfolios. No matter the care and precision with which the 
estimates are derived, actual cash flows could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates resulting in significantly 
different EVE calculations.

43

The analysis that follows presents, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the estimated EVE at both the Pre-Shock Scenario 
and the -100 Basis Point Rate, +100 Basis Point Rate and +200 Basis Point Rate Shock Scenarios. 

(Dollars in thousands)
Rate Shock Scenarios 
+ 200 Basis Points 
+ 100 Basis Points 
Pre-Shock Scenario 
- 100 Basis Points

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

EVE

     Dollar
Change

    Percentage    
Change

EVE

     Dollar
Change

    Percentage

Change

$ 1,414,548
1,375,777
1,334,803
1,247,956

$

79,745
40,974
—
(86,847)

6.0% $ 1,717,562
1,703,131
3.1%
1,639,189
—
(6.5)% 1,515,010

$

78,373
63,942
—
(124,179)

4.8%
3.9%
—
(7.6)%

The Company’s Pre-Shock Scenario EVE decreased from $1.64 billion at December 31, 2022, to $1.33 billion at December 
31, 2023. The primary factors contributing to the decline in EVE include a shift in the deposit mix, coupled with an increase 
in the cost of the Bank’s interest-bearing non-maturity deposits during the year.

The Company’s EVE in the +100 Basis Point Rate and +200 Basis Point Rate Shock Scenarios decreased from $1.70
billion and $1.72 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2022, to $1.38 billion and $1.41 billion, respectively, at December 
31, 2023. In the -100 Basis Point Rate Shock Scenario the Company’s EVE decreased from $1.52 billion at December 31, 
2022, to $1.25 billion at December 31, 2023.

Income Simulation Analysis. As of the end of each quarterly period, the Company also monitors the impact of interest rate 
changes through a net interest income simulation model. This model estimates the impact of interest rate changes on the 
Company’s net interest income over forward-looking periods typically not exceeding 36 months (a considerably shorter 
period than measured through the EVE analysis). Management reports the net interest income simulation results to the 
Company’s Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. The following table discloses the estimated changes to the Company’s 
net interest income in various time periods assuming gradual changes in interest rates over a 12-month period beginning 
December 31, 2023, for the given rate scenarios:

Gradual Change in Interest rates of:
+ 200 Basis Points
+ 100 Basis Points
- 100 Basis Points

Percentage Change in Net Interest Income

Year-One

Year-Two

(0.7)%
(0.3)%
1.7%

2.9%
1.5%
0.8%

Management also examines the potential impact to net interest income by simulating the impact of instantaneous changes 
to interest rates. The following table discloses the estimated changes to the Company’s net interest income in various time 
periods associated with the given interest rate shock scenarios:

Instantaneous Rate Shock Scenarios
+ 200 Basis Points
+ 100 Basis Points
- 100 Basis Points

Percentage Change in Net Interest Income

Year-One

Year-Two

0.4%
0.3%
0.9%

5.2%
2.8%
(0.6)%

44

    
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

For the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements with the notes thereto, see pages hereafter. 

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(Dollars in thousands except share amounts)

Assets:
Cash and due from banks
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
Securities held-to-maturity
Loans held for sale
Loans held for investment, net of fees and costs

Allowance for credit losses
   Total loans held for investment, net

Premises and fixed assets, net
Premises held for sale
Restricted stock
BOLI
Goodwill
Other intangible assets
Operating lease assets
Derivative assets
Accrued interest receivable
Other assets
Total assets

Liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits
Non-interest-bearing deposits
Deposits (excluding mortgage escrow deposits)
Non-interest-bearing mortgage escrow deposits
Interest-bearing mortgage escrow deposits
Total mortgage escrow deposits
FHLBNY advances
Other short-term borrowings
Subordinated debt, net
Derivative cash collateral
Operating lease liabilities
Derivative liabilities
Other liabilities
Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies  

December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

$

457,547
886,240
594,639
10,159
10,773,428
(71,743)
10,701,685
44,868
905
98,750
349,816
155,797
5,059
52,729
122,132
55,666
100,013
13,636,005

7,585,020
2,884,378
10,469,398
61,121
136
61,257
1,313,000
—
200,196
108,100
55,454
121,265
81,110
12,409,780

$

$

$

169,297
950,587
585,798
—
10,566,831
(83,507)
10,483,324
46,749
—
88,745
333,292
155,797
6,484
57,857
154,485
48,561
108,945
13,189,921

6,734,997
3,449,763
10,184,760
69,455
192
69,647
1,131,000
1,360
200,283
153,040
60,340
137,335
82,573
12,020,338

Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, Series A ($0.01 par, $25.00 liquidation value, 10,000,000 shares authorized and 5,299,200
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)
Common stock ($0.01 par, 80,000,000 shares authorized, 41,637,256 and 41,621,772 shares issued at 
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and 38,822,654 shares and 38,573,000 shares outstanding at 
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred taxes
Unearned equity awards
Treasury stock, at cost (2,814,602 shares and 3,048,772 shares at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 
respectively)
Total stockholders' equity
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

116,569

116,569

416
494,454
813,007
(91,579)
(8,622)

416
495,410
762,762
(94,379)
(8,078)

(98,020)
1,226,225
13,636,005

(103,117)
1,169,583
13,189,921

$

$

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

45

    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

Interest income:
Loans
Securities
Other short-term investments
  Total interest income
Interest expense:
Deposits and escrow
Borrowed funds
Derivative cash collateral
  Total interest expense
     Net interest income
Provision for credit losses
Net interest income after provision for credit losses

Non-interest income:
Service charges and other fees
Title fees
Loan level derivative income
BOLI income
Gain on sale of SBA loans
Gain on sale of residential loans
Net (loss) gain on equity securities
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities and other assets
Loss on termination of derivatives
Other
  Total non-interest income
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits
Severance
Occupancy and equipment
Data processing costs
Marketing
Professional services
Federal deposit insurance premiums
Loss from extinguishment of debt for FHLBNY advances and subordinated debt
Curtailment loss 
Merger expenses and transaction costs
Branch restructuring costs
Amortization of other intangible assets
Other
  Total non-interest expense
  Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income
Preferred stock dividends
Net income available to common stockholders
Earnings per common share:
Basic
Diluted

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

$

$

$
$

46

$

$ 406,601
29,224
3,400
439,225

554,488
32,179
22,693
609,360

219,045
66,472
7,272
292,789
316,571
2,770
313,801

16,437
1,295
7,081
9,748
1,592
115
(758)
(1,469)
—
2,165
36,206

117,437
9,093
29,055
16,474
6,781
6,155
8,853
—
—
—
—
1,425
17,855
213,128
136,879
40,785
96,094
7,286
88,808

38,433
19,117
1,812
59,362
379,863
5,374
374,489

16,206
2,031
3,637
10,346
1,797
448
—
1,397
—
2,294
38,156

120,108
2,198
30,220
15,175
5,900
8,069
3,900
740
—
—
—
1,878
12,542
200,730
211,915
59,359
152,556
7,286
$ 145,270

2.29
2.29

$
$

3.73
3.73

$

$
$

359,016
22,634
2,976
384,626

16,527
10,490
—
27,017
357,609
6,212
351,397

15,998
2,338
2,909
7,071
23,033
1,758
131
1,705
(16,505)
3,630
42,068

108,331
1,875
30,697
16,638
4,661
9,284
4,077
1,751
1,543
44,824
5,059
2,622
13,937
245,299
148,166
44,170
103,996
7,286
96,710

2.45
2.45

    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31,
2022
152,556

$

$

2023

96,094

2021
103,996

10,355

(138,630)

(28,865)

1,447
3,142

(1,547)
—
(190)

(11,782)
—
2,092
3,517
717
2,800
98,894

—
2,953

(3,715)
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Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes

Deferred tax expense (benefit)

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Total comprehensive income

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

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DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$

96,094

$

152,556

$

103,996

1,469
758
(1,707)
—
6,025
561
1,425
—
4,638
2,770
(8,219)
32,433
(9,103)
(645)
10,332
(45,957)

90,874

77,804
—
(86,084)
(28,328)
76,858
22,986
(8,000)
1,224
—
5,000
(259,805)
(5,721)
25
(10,005)
—

(214,046)

276,411
20,000
162,000
(1,360)
—
—
—
—
1,164
(1,258)

—
(947)
—
(7,286)
(37,302)

411,422

288,250
169,297
457,547

$

(1,397)
—
(2,245)
—
8,314
—
1,878
740
4,278
5,374
(20,709)
46,474
(8,190)
(2,156)
(35,170)
145,425

295,172

—
—
(39,232)
(63,210)
165,097
31,736
(30,000)
2,843
—
13,201
(1,359,782)
(3,745)
1,914
(51,013)
—

(1,332,191)

(204,233)
1,070,000
—
36,000
(502)
157,559
(155,000)
—
1,167
(1,558)

—
(46,762)
—
(7,286)
(36,791)

812,594

(224,425)
393,722
169,297

(1,705)
(131)
(24,791)
16,505
7,805
—
2,622
1,751
5,407
6,212
(48,610)
77,184
(6,721)
(350)
125,486
(118,333)

146,327

138,077
6,101
(1,095,028)
(40,249)
411,031
1,360
(40,000)
1,464
(9,855)
684,898
282,683
14
—
46,337
715,988

1,102,821

518,682
(1,228,865)
(190,150)
25,000
(118,138)
—
—
431
1,153
(111)

(993)
(59,280)
(121)
(7,286)
(39,351)

(1,099,029)

150,119
243,603
393,722

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net loss (gain) on sales of securities available-for-sale and other assets
Net loss (gain) on equity securities
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale
Loss on termination of derivatives
Net depreciation, amortization and accretion
Amortization of fair value hedge basis point adjustments
Amortization of other intangible assets
Loss on extinguishment of debt
Stock-based compensation
Provision for credit losses
Originations of loans held for sale
Proceeds from sale of loans originated for sale
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI
Gain from death benefits from BOLI
Decrease (increase) in other assets
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities
Purchases of securities available-for-sale
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity
Proceeds from calls and principal repayments of securities available-for-sale
Proceeds from calls and principal repayments of securities held-to-maturity
Purchase of BOLI
Proceeds received from cash surrender value of BOLI
Loans purchased
Proceeds from the sale of portfolio loans transferred to held for sale
(Increase) decrease in loans
(Purchases) sales of fixed assets, net
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and premises held for sale
Purchases of restricted stock, net
Net cash received in business combination
Net cash used in (provided by) investing activities
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Increase (decrease) in deposits
Proceeds (repayments) from FHLBNY advances, short-term, net
Proceeds (repayments) of FHLBNY advances, long-term
(Repayments) proceeds from FHLBNY advances, long-term
Repayments of other short-term borrowings, net
Proceeds from subordinated debentures issuance, net
Redemption of subordinated debentures
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Release of stock for benefit plan awards
Payments related to tax withholding for equity awards
BMP Employee Stock Ownership Plan shares received to satisfy distribution of 
retirement benefits
Purchase of treasury stock
Redemption of REIT preferred stock
Cash dividends paid to preferred stockholders
Cash dividends paid to common stockholders
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

49

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(Dollars in thousands)

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for income taxes
Cash paid for interest
Securities available-for-sale transferred to held-to-maturity
Loans transferred to held for sale
Loans transferred to held for investment
Premises transferred to held for sale
Operating lease assets in exchange for operating lease liabilities
Cumulative change due to CECL Standard adoption
Net non-cash liabilities assumed in Merger (See Note 2)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

$

37,910
280,815
—
37,346
—
905
6,333
—
—

43,518
54,910
372,154
34,997
4,051
—
5,098
—
—

34,771
28,460
140,399
692,751
—
2,799
9,769
1,686
324,937

50

    
    
  
  
  
DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands except for share amounts)

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation  

On February 1, 2021, Dime Community Bancshares, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Dime”) merged with and into 
Bridge Bancorp, Inc., a New York corporation (“Bridge”) (the “Merger”), with Bridge as the surviving corporation under 
the  name  “Dime  Community  Bancshares,  Inc.”  (the  “Holding  Company”).  At  the  effective  time  of  the  Merger  (the 
“Effective Time”), each outstanding share of Legacy Dime common stock, par value $0.01 per share, was converted into 
the right to receive 0.6480 shares of the Holding Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share. 

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Legacy Dime’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 (the “Dime 
Preferred Stock”), was converted into the right to receive one share of a newly created series of the Holding Company’s 
preferred stock having the same powers, preferences and rights as the Dime Preferred Stock.

Immediately following the Merger, Dime Community Bank, a New York-chartered commercial bank and a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Legacy Dime, merged with and into BNB Bank, a New York-chartered trust company and a wholly-owned 
subsidiary of Bridge, with BNB Bank as the surviving bank, under the name “Dime Community Bank” (the “Bank”). 

The audited consolidated financial statements presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include the collective results 
of the Holding Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, which are collectively herein referred to as “we”, 
“us”, “our” and the “Company.”

The  Merger  was  accounted  for  as  a  reverse  merger  using the  acquisition  method of  accounting,  which  means  that for 
accounting and financial reporting purposes, Legacy Dime was deemed to have acquired Bridge in the Merger, even though 
Bridge  was  the  legal  acquirer.  Accordingly,  Legacy  Dime’s  historical  financial  statements  are  the  historical  financial 
statements of the combined company for all periods before February 1, 2021 (the “Merger Date”).

The Company’s results of operations for 2021 include the results of operations of Bridge on and after the Merger Date. 
Results for periods before the Merger Date reflect only those of Legacy Dime and do not include the results of operations 
of Bridge. The number of shares issued and outstanding, earnings per share, additional paid-in capital, dividends paid and 
all references to share quantities of the Company have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the equivalent number of 
shares issued to holders of Legacy Dime common stock in the Merger. The assets and liabilities of Bridge as of the Merger 
Date were recorded at their estimated fair values and added to those of Legacy Dime. See Note 2. Merger for further 
information. 

As  of  December 31, 2023,  we  operated  60 branch  locations  throughout  Long  Island  and  New  York  City  boroughs  of 
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and the Bronx.  

The Company is a bank holding company engaged in commercial banking and financial services through its wholly-owned 
subsidiary, Dime Community Bank. The Bank was established in 1910 and is headquartered in Hauppauge, New York.
The Holding Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in 1988 to serve as the holding company 
for the Bank. The Company functions primarily as the holder of all of the Bank’s common stock. Our bank operations 
include Dime Community Inc., a real estate investment trust subsidiary which was formerly known as Bridgehampton 
Community, Inc., as an operating subsidiary. Our bank operations also include Dime Abstract LLC (“Dime Abstract”), a 
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, which is a broker of title insurance services. In September 2021, the Company 
dissolved  two  REITs,  DSBW  Preferred  Funding  Corporation  and  DSBW  Residential  Preferred  Funding  Corporation, 
which  were  wholly-owned  subsidiaries  of  the  Bank,  and  the  preferred  shares  outstanding  were  redeemed  by  its 
shareholders.  

The  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  generally  accepted 
accounting  principles  (“GAAP”)  and  general  practices  within  the  financial  institution  industry.  The  accompanying 
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Holding Company and the Bank and its subsidiaries. Inter-
company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

51

The following is a description of the significant accounting policies that the Company follows in preparing its consolidated 
financial statements.

Use of Estimates

To prepare consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes judgments, estimates and 
assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial 
statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and cash equivalents include cash and deposits with other financial institutions with 
original maturities fewer than 90 days. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, and interest 
bearing deposits in other financial institutions.

Securities  -  Debt  securities  are  classified  as  held-to-maturity  and  carried  at  amortized  cost  when  management  has  the 
positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale when they might be 
sold  before  maturity.  Securities  available-for-sale  are  carried  at  fair  value,  with  unrealized  holding  gains  and  losses 
reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value 
reported in net income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if 
any,  plus  or  minus  changes  resulting  in  observable  price  changes  in  orderly  transactions  for the  identical  or  a  similar 
investment. 

Interest  income  includes  amortization  of  purchase  premium  or  discount.  Premiums  and  discounts  on  securities  are 
amortized  on  the  level-yield  method  without  anticipating  prepayments,  except  for  mortgage-backed  securities  where 
prepayments are anticipated. The Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost 
basis of debt securities and report accrued interest separately in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statements
of financial condition. A debt security is placed on non-accrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become 
more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security 
placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. There were no non-accrual debt securities at December 31, 2023 
and 2022, and there was no accrued interest related to debt securities reversed against interest income for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific 
identification method.

Restricted Stock – Restricted stock represents FHLBNY capital stock, FRB capital stock, and Atlantic Community Bankers 
Bank  (“ACBB”)  capital  stock,  which  are  reported  at  cost. The  Bank  is  a  member  of  the  FHLB  system.  Members  are 
required to own a particular amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional 
amounts. FHLB stock is periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. The Bank is a
member of the FRB. Membership requires the purchase of shares of FRB capital stock. The Bank has a relationship with 
ACBB. The relationship requires the purchase of shares of ACBB capital stock. Both cash and stock dividends are reported 
as income.

Loans Held for Sale - Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market, as well as identified problem loans 
which are subject to an executed note sale agreement, are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or net realizable proceeds. 
Loans originated and intended for sale are generally sold with servicing rights retained. Certain loans in which the borrower 
does not adhere to all of the terms and conditions of the legal contract were best resolved through the sale of the loan rather 
than through litigation through our workout department. 

Loans - Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are 
reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of partial charge-offs, deferred origination costs and fees and purchase 
premiums and discounts. Loan origination, commitment fees and certain direct and indirect costs incurred in connection 
with loan originations are deferred and amortized to income over the life of the related loans as adjustments to yield. When 
a loan prepays, the remaining unamortized net deferred origination fees or costs are recognized in the current year. Interest 
on loans is credited to income based on the principal outstanding during the period. The Company has made a policy 
election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report accrued interest separately from the 
related loan balance in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Past due status is 
based on the contractual terms of the loan. Loans that are 90 days past due are automatically placed on non-accrual and 
previously  accrued  interest  is  reversed  and  charged  against  interest  income.  However,  if  the  loan  is  in  the  process  of 

52

collection and the Bank has reasonable assurance that the loan will be fully collectable based upon an individual loan 
evaluation assessing such factors as collateral and collectability, accrued interest will be recognized as earned. If a payment 
is received when a loan is non-accrual, the payment is applied to the principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status 
when  all  the  principal  and  interest  amounts  contractually  due  are  brought  current  and  future  payments  are  reasonably 
assured. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status 
until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms.

Unless otherwise noted, the above policy is applied consistently to all loan segments.

Allowance for Credit Losses - On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL Standard, which requires that the 
measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets at amortized cost, such as loans receivable, securities, and 
off-balance sheet credit exposures, held as of the reporting date be based on historical experience, current conditions, and 
reasonable and supportable forecasts to cover lifetime expected credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from 
amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses is established and maintained through a provision for credit losses 
based on expected losses inherent within the financial asset holdings. Management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance 
on  a  quarterly basis,  and  additions  to  the  allowance  are  charged  to  expense  and  realized  losses,  net  of  recoveries,  are 
charged against the allowance.   

Allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity securities - Management classifies its held-to-maturity portfolio 
into the following major security types: Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs, Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations, 
Agency Notes and Corporate Securities. The majority of the securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio are issued by U.S. 
government-sponsored  entities  or  agencies.  These  securities  are  either  explicitly  or  implicitly  guaranteed  by  the  U.S. 
government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. To the extent that debt 
securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio share common risk characteristics, expected credit losses are calculated by pools 
of such debt securities. The historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived 
or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the 
expected lifetime of the securities. 

For a debt security in the held-to-maturity portfolio that does not share common risk characteristics with any of the pools 
of  debt  securities,  expected  credit  loss  on  each  security  is individually  measured  based on  net  realizable value,  or  the 
difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and
the recorded amortized cost basis of the security. 

With respect to certain classes of debt securities, primarily U.S. Treasuries and securities issued by Government Sponsored 
Entities or agencies, the Company considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable 
forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, 
even if the U.S. government were to technically default. Therefore, for those securities, the Company does not record 
expected credit losses.

Allowance  for  credit  losses  on  available-for-sale  securities  -  Management  evaluates  available-for-sale  debt 
securities  in  an  unrealized  loss  position  on  at  least  a  quarterly  basis,  and  more  frequently  when  economic  or  market 
conditions warrant such evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent of the 
unrealized loss, and the near-term prospects of the issuer. Impairment may result from credit deterioration of the issuer or 
collateral underlying the security. In performing an assessment of whether any decline in fair value is due to a credit loss, 
all relevant information is considered at the individual security level. For asset-backed securities performance indicators 
considered related to the underlying assets include default rates, delinquency rates, percentage of non-performing assets, 
debt-to-collateral ratios, third party guarantees, current levels of subordination, vintage, geographic concentration, analyst 
reports and forecasts, credit ratings and other market data. In assessing whether a credit loss exists, we compare the present 
value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security.  If the present
value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis for the security, a credit loss exists and 
an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount the fair value is less than amortized cost basis. Declines 
in fair value that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses, such as declines due to changes in market 
interest rates, are excluded from earnings and reported, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Management 
also assesses whether it intends to sell or is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security in an unrealized
loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is 
met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings.

53

Allowance for credit losses on loans held for investment - The Company utilizes a model which compares the 
amortized cost basis of the loan to the net present value of expected cash flows to be collected. Expected credit losses are 
determined by aggregating the individual cash flows and calculating a loss percentage by loan segment, or pool, for loans 
that share similar risk characteristics. For a loan that does not share risk characteristics with other loans, the Company will 
evaluate the loan on an individual basis. The methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses on loans held 
for investment is considered a critical accounting policy by management given the judgment required for determining 
assumptions used, uncertainty of economic forecasts, and subjectivity of any qualitative factors considered. 

The Company evaluates its loan pooling methodology at least annually. The Company has identified the following loan 
pools used to measure the allowance for credit losses as follows: 

One-to-four family residential, including condominium and cooperative apartment loans - Loans in this 
classification consist of residential real estate and one-to-four family real estate properties, and may have a mixed-
use  commercial  aspect.  Included  in  one-to-four  family  loans  are  also  certain  SBA  loans  in  which  the  loan  is 
secured by underlying real estate as collateral. The Bank may sell a portion of the loan, guaranteed by the SBA, 
to  a  third-party  investor.  Owner-occupied  properties  are  generally  underwritten  based  upon  an  appraisal 
performed  by  an  independent,  state  licensed  appraiser  and  the  credit  quality  of  the  individual  borrower. 
Investment properties require: (1) a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 75% based upon an appraisal performed by 
an  independent,  state  licensed  appraiser,  and  (2)  sufficient  rental  income  from  the  underlying  property  to 
adequately  service  the  debt,  represented  by  a  minimum  debt  service  ratio  of  1.25x.  The  credit quality of  this 
portfolio is largely dependent on economic factors, such as unemployment rates and housing prices.  

Multifamily  residential  and  residential  mixed-use  loans  -  Loans  in  this  classification  consist  of 
multifamily residential real estate with a minimum of five residential units, and may have a mixed-use commercial 
aspect  of  less  than  50%  of  the  property’s  rental  income.  The  Bank’s  underwriting  standards  for  multifamily 
residential loans generally require: (1) a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 75% based upon an appraisal performed 
by  an  independent,  state  licensed  appraiser,  and  (2)  sufficient  rental  income  from  the  underlying  property  to 
adequately service the debt, represented by a minimum debt service ratio of 1.20x. Repayment of multifamily 
residential loans is dependent, in significant part, on cash flow from the collateral property sufficient to satisfy 
operating expenses and debt service. Future increases in interest rates, increases in vacancy rates on multifamily 
residential or commercial buildings, and other economic events, such as unemployment rates, which are outside 
the control of the borrower or the Bank could negatively impact the future net operating income of such properties. 
Similarly, government regulations, such as the existing New York City Rent Regulation and Rent Stabilization 
laws, could limit future increases in the revenue from these buildings. 

Commercial real estate and commercial mixed-use loans - Loans in this classification consist of CRE, 
both  owner-occupied  and  non-owner  occupied,  and  may  have  a  residential  aspect  of  less  than  50%  of  the 
property’s rental income. The Bank’s underwriting standards for CRE loans generally require: (1) a maximum 
loan-to-value ratio of 75% based upon an appraisal performed by an independent, state licensed appraiser, and 
(2)  sufficient  rental  income from  the  underlying  property  to  adequately  service  the  debt,  represented  by  a 
minimum debt service ratio of 1.25x. Included in CRE loans are also certain SBA loans in which the loan is 
secured by underlying real estate as collateral. The Bank may sell a portion of the loan, guaranteed by the SBA, 
to a third-party investor. Repayment of CRE loans is often dependent upon successful operation or management 
of the collateral properties, as well as the success of the business and retail tenants occupying the properties. 
Repayment of such loans is generally more vulnerable to weak economic conditions, such as unemployment rates 
and CRE prices. 

Acquisition,  development,  and  construction  loans  -  Loans  in  this  classification  consist  of  loans  to 
purchase  land  intended  for  further  development,  including  single-family  homes,  multi-family  housing,  and 
commercial income properties. In general, the maximum loan-to-value ratio for a land acquisition loan is 50% of 
the appraised value of the property. The credit quality of this portfolio is largely dependent on economic factors, 
such as unemployment rates and CRE prices.

Commercial,  industrial  and  agricultural  loans  -  Loans  in  this  classification  consist  of  lines  of  credit, 
revolving lines of credit, and term loans, generally to businesses or high net worth individuals. The owners of 
these businesses typically provide recourse such that they guarantee the debt. The lines of credit are generally 
secured  by  the  assets  of  the  business,  though  they  may  at  times  be  issued  on  an  unsecured  basis.  Generally 

54

speaking, they are subject to renewal on an annual basis based upon review of the borrower’s financial statements. 
Term loans are generally secured by either specific or general asset liens of the borrower’s business. These loans
are granted based upon the strength of the cash generation ability of the borrower. Included in C&I loans are also 
certain SBA loans in which the loan is secured by underlying assets of the business (excludes SBA Paycheck 
Protection Program (“PPP”) loans from allowance for credit losses as these loans carry a 100% guarantee from 
the SBA). The Bank may sell a portion of the loan, guaranteed by the SBA, to a third-party investor. The credit 
quality of this portfolio is largely dependent on economic factors, such as unemployment rates.

Other  loans  -  Loans  in  this  classification  consist  of  installment  and  consumer  loans.  Repayment  is 
dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The credit quality of this portfolio is largely dependent 
on economic factors, such as unemployment rates. 

Loan restructurings - The Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, which eliminates 
the recognition and measurement of a TDR. Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company applies 
the  loan  refinancing  and  restructuring  guidance  to  determine  whether  a  modification  or  other  forms  of 
restructuring  result  in  a  new  loan  or  a  continuation  of  an  existing  loan.  Loan  modifications  to  borrowers 
experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows 
include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment 
delays,  term  extensions,  and/or  a  combinations  of  these  modifications.  The  disclosures  related  to  loan 
restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

Troubled debt restructurings - As allowed by ASC 326, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans 
accounted  for  under  ASC  310-30.  In  accordance  with  the  standard,  management  did  not  reassess  whether 
modifications to individual acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were TDRs as of the date of adoption. 
A  loan  for  which  the  terms  have  been  modified  resulting  in  a  concession,  and  for  which  the  borrower  is 
experiencing financial difficulties, is considered to be a TDR. The allowance for credit loss on a TDR is measured 
using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except when the value of a concession cannot be 
measured  using  a  method  other  than the  discounted  cash  flow  method.  When  the  value  of  a  concession  is 
measured using the discounted cash flow method, the allowance for credit loss is determined by discounting the 
expected future cash flows at the original interest rate of the loan.  The allowance for credit losses on a TDR is 
measured using the same method as all other loans held for investment, except that the original interest rate is 
used to discount the expected cash flows, not the rate specified within the restructuring.

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses on each loan pool using relevant available information, from internal 
and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historically 
observed credit loss experience of peer banks within our geography provide the basis for the estimation of expected credit 
losses on similar loan pools. Within the model, assumptions are made in the determination of probability of default, loss 
given default, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, prepayment rate, curtailment rate, and recovery lag periods. 
Statistical regression is utilized to relate historical macro-economic variables to historical credit loss experience of the peer 
group. These models are then utilized to forecast future expected loan losses based on expected future behavior of the 
same  macro-economic  variables.  Adjustments  to  the  quantitative  results  are  adjusted  using  qualitative  factors.  These 
factors  include:  (1)  lending  policies  and  procedures;  (2)  international,  national,  regional  and  local  economic  business 
conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; (3) 
the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; (4) the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other 
relevant staff; (5) the volume and severity of past due loans; (6) the quality of our loan review system; (7) the value of 
underlying collateral for collateralized loans; (8) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in 
the  level  of  such  concentrations;  and  (9)  the  effect  of  external  factors  such  as  competition  and  legal  and  regulatory 
requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. Collectively evaluated loans totaled $10.73 
billion and $10.52 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The associated allowance for credit losses on the 
collectively evaluated loans totaled $55.4 million and $57.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Individually evaluated loans - Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis 
based on various factors and are not included in the collective pool evaluation. Factors that may be considered are borrower 
delinquency trends and non-accrual status, probability of foreclosure or note sale, changes in the borrower’s circumstances 
or cash collections, borrower’s industry, or other facts and circumstances of the loan or collateral. For a loan that does not 
share  risk  characteristics  with  other  loans,  expected  credit  loss  is  measured  based  on  net  realizable  value,  that  is,  the 
difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and
the amortized cost basis of the loan. For these loans, the Company recognizes expected credit loss equal to the amount by 

55

which the net realizable value of the loan is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan (which is net of previous charge-
offs), except when the loan is collateral dependent, that is, when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 
repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In these cases, expected 
credit loss is measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the fair value of the collateral. 
The fair value of the collateral is adjusted for the estimated costs to sell the collateral if repayment or satisfaction of a loan 
is dependent on the sale (rather than only on the operation) of the collateral.  Individually evaluated loans totaled $35.4 
million and $47.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The associated allowance for credit losses on the 
individually evaluated loans totaled $16.3 million and $26.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The fair value of real estate collateral is determined based on recent appraised values. Appraisals are performed by certified 
general  appraisers  (for  commercial  properties)  or  certified  residential  appraisers  (for  residential  properties)  whose 
qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Appraisals undergo a second review process 
to ensure that the methodology employed, and the values derived are reasonable. Generally, collateral values for real estate 
loans for which measurement of expected losses is dependent on collateral values are updated every twelve months. Non-
real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging 
reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time 
of the valuation and management’s expertise and knowledge of the borrower and its business. Once the expected credit 
loss amount is determined, an allowance is provided for equal to the calculated expected credit loss and included in the 
allowance for credit losses. Pursuant to the Company’s policy, credit losses must be charged-off in the period the loans, 
or portions thereof, are deemed uncollectable.

Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures - The Company estimates expected credit losses 
over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, 
unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet 
credit exposures, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition, is adjusted as 
a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an 
estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, which is the same as the 
expected loss factor as determined based on the corresponding portfolio segment.  

For further discussion of our loan accounting and acquisitions, see Note 2 - Merger and Note 5 - Loans.

Derivatives - The Company may engage in three types of derivatives depending on the Company’s intentions and belief 
as to the likely effectiveness as a hedge. These three types are (1) a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or 
paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), (2) a hedge with the exposure to changes in fair value 
of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to particular risk, such as interest risk (“fair value hedge”) or (3) an 
instrument  with  no  hedging  designation  (“freestanding  derivatives”).  For  a  cash  flow  hedge,  the  gain  or  loss  on  the 
derivative is reported in other comprehensive income and is reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which 
the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in fair value of the fair value derivative and the hedged item related to 
the hedged risk are recoginized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting 
are reported currently in earnings as non-interest income. 

Net cash settlements on derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting are recorded in interest income or interest expense, 
based on the item being hedged. Net cash settlements on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported 
in non-interest income. Cash flows on hedges are classified in the cash flow statement same as the cash flows of the items 
being hedged.

The Company formally documents the relationship between derivatives and hedged items, as well as the risk-management 
objective  and  the  strategy  for  undertaking  hedge  transactions  at  the  inception  of  the  hedging  relationship.  This 
documentation  includes  linking  cash  flow  hedges  to  specific  liabilities  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial 
condition.  The  Company  also  formally  assesses,  both  at  the  hedge’s  inception  and  on  an  on-going  basis,  whether  the 
derivative  instruments  that  are  used  are  highly  effective  in  offsetting  changes  in  cash  flows  of  the  hedged  items.  The 
Company discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes 
in cash flows of the hedged item, or treatment of the derivative as a hedge is no longer appropriate or intended.

When hedge accounting is discontinued, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivative are recorded as non-interest 
income. When a cash flow hedge is discontinued but the hedged cash flows are still expected to occur, gains or losses that 

56

were accumulated in other comprehensive income are amortized into earnings over the same periods which the hedged 
transaction will affect earnings.

The Company is exposed to losses if a counterparty fails to make its payments under a contract in which the Company is 
in the net receiving position. The Company anticipates that the counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations 
under the agreements. All the contracts to which the Company is a party settle monthly. In addition, the Company obtains 
collateral above certain thresholds of the fair value of its hedges from each counterparty based upon their credit standing 
and the Company has netting agreements with the dealers with which it does business.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) - Properties acquired as a result of foreclosure on a real estate loan or a deed in lieu 
of foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical 
possession of residential real estate collateralizing a one-to-four family residential loan occurs when legal title is obtained 
upon  completion  of  foreclosure  or  when  the  borrower  conveys  all  interest  in  the  property  to  satisfy  the  loan  through 
execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted 
for at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Declines in the recorded balance subsequent to acquisition 
by the Company are recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

Premises  and  Fixed  Assets,  Net -  Land  is  carried  at  cost.  Premises  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated 
depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives generally 
ranging from forty to fifty years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with 
useful lives generally ranging from three to ten years.

Leases - On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 2016-02 "Leases (ASC Topic 842)" and subsequent amendments 
thereto, which requires the Company to recognize most leases on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The 
Company adopted the standard under a modified retrospective approach as of the date of adoption and elected to apply 
several of the available practical expedients, including:

Carryover of historical lease determination and lease classification conclusions. 
Carryover of historical initial direct cost balances for existing leases. 

(cid:120)
(cid:120)
(cid:120) Accounting for lease and non-lease components in contracts in which the Company is a lessee as a single lease 

component. 

Adoption of the leasing standard resulted in the recognition of operating right-of-use assets, and operating lease liabilities. 
These amounts were determined based on the present value of remaining minimum lease payments, discounted using the 
Company’s incremental borrowing rate as of the date of adoption. There was no material impact to the timing of expense 
or income recognition in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Disclosures about the Company’s leasing 
activities are presented in Note 8.

The Company made a policy election to exclude the recognition requirements of ASC 2016-02 on short-term leases with 
original terms of 12 months or less. Short-term lease payments are recognized in the income statement on a straight-line 
basis over the lease term. Certain leases may include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options 
is typically at the Company’s discretion, and are included in the operating lease liability if it is reasonably certain that the 
renewal option will be exercised. Certain real estate leases may contain lease and non-lease components, such as common 
area  maintenance  charges,  real  estate  taxes,  and  insurance,  which  are  generally  accounted  for  separately  and  are  not 
included in the measurement of the lease liability since they are generally able to be segregated. The Company does not 
sublease any of its leased properties. The Company does not lease properties from any related parties.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill resulting from business combinations is generally determined as the 
excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but tested for impairment at 
least annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of the asset may be 
impaired.  The  Company  performs  its  annual  goodwill  impairment  test  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  every  year,  or  more 
frequently if events or changes in circumstance indicate the asset might be impaired. 

Other intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual 
values.  Core deposit intangible assets are amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives of ten 
years. 

57

Servicing  Right  Assets  -  When  real  estate  or  C&I  loans  are  sold  with  servicing  retained,  servicing  rights  are  initially 
recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. SRAs are carried at the lower 
of  cost  or  fair  value  and  are amortized  in  proportion  to,  and  over  the  period  of,  anticipated  net  servicing  income.  All 
separately recognized SRAs are required to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. The estimated fair value of 
loan servicing assets is determined by calculating the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, using 
assumptions of prepayments, defaults, servicing costs and discount rates derived based upon actual historical results for 
the Bank, or, in the absence of such data, from historical results for the Bank’s peers. Capitalized loan servicing assets are 
stratified based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans (i.e., collateral, interest rate, servicing spread 
and maturity) for the purpose of evaluating impairment. A valuation allowance is then established in the event the recorded 
value of an individual stratum exceeds its fair value. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations 
as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds, default rates, and losses.

Transfers of Financial Assets - Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has 
been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been legally isolated 
from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right)
to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred 
assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Bank Owned Life Insurance - BOLI is carried at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance 
sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or amounts due that are probable at settlement. 
Increases  in  the  contract  value  are  recorded  as  non-interest  income  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  and 
insurance proceeds received are recorded as a reduction of the contract value.

Income Taxes - Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred 
tax  assets  and  liabilities.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  the  expected  future  tax  amounts  for  the  temporary 
differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation 
allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount deemed more likely than not to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a 
tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax 
benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not satisfying the "more likely 
than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to tax matters in income 
tax expense. The Company had no unrecognized tax positions at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Employee  Benefits -  The  Bank  maintains  two  noncontributory  pension  plans  that  existed  before  the  Merger:  (i)  the 
Retirement Plan of Dime Community Bank (“Employee Retirement Plan”) and (ii) the BNB Bank Pension Plan, covering 
all eligible employees. As the sponsor of a single employer defined benefit plan, the Company must do the following for 
the Employee Retirement Plan and BNB Bank Pension Plan: (1) recognize the funded status of the benefit plans in its 
statements of financial condition, measured as the difference between plan assets at fair value (with limited exceptions) 
and  the benefit  obligation.  For  a  pension plan,  the  benefit obligation  is  the projected benefit  obligation;  for  any  other 
postretirement benefit plan, such as a retiree health care plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated postretirement 
benefit obligation; (2) recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the gains or losses and prior 
service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit or cost. 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, including the gains or losses, prior service costs or 
credits, and the transition asset or obligation are adjusted as they are subsequently recognized as components of net periodic 
benefit  cost;  (3) measure  defined  benefit  plan  assets  and  obligations  as  of  the  date  of  the  employer’s  fiscal year-end 
statements of financial condition (with limited exceptions); and (4) disclose in the notes to financial statements additional 
information about certain effects on net periodic benefit cost for the next fiscal year that arise from delayed recognition of 
the gains or losses, prior service costs or credits, and transition asset or obligation. The Dime Community Bank KSOP 
Plan (“Dime KSOP Plan”) and Outside Director Retirement Plan, were terminated by resolution of the Legacy Dime Board 
of Directors. The effective date of the Dime terminations was February 1, 2021, the Merger Date.  

The  Company  provides  a  401(k) plan,  which  covers  substantially  all  current  employees.  Newly  hired  employees  are 
automatically enrolled in the plan on the 60th day of employment, unless they elect not to participate. 

The Holding Company and Bank maintain the Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 
Equity Incentive Plan”), the Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, (the “2019 Equity Incentive 

58

Plan”), and the  2012 Stock-Based Compensation Plan (the “2012 Equity Incentive Plan”), (collectively the “Stock Plans”); 
which  are  discussed  more  fully  in  Note 20  Stock-Based  Compensation.  Under  the  Stock  Plans,  compensation  cost  is 
recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees based on the fair value of the awards at the 
date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the 
Holding  Company’s  common  stock  (“Common  Stock”)  at  the  date  of  grant  is  used  for  restricted  stock  awards. 
Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with 
graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire 
award. 

Basic  and  Diluted  EPS - Basic  earnings  per  share  (“EPS”)  is  computed  by  dividing  net  income  available  to  common 
stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed 
using the same method as basic EPS, but reflects the potential dilution that would occur if "in the money" stock options 
were exercised and converted into common stock, and prior to 2021, if all likely aggregate Long Term Incentive Plan 
("LTIP") performance-based share awards (“PSA”) were issued. In determining the weighted average shares outstanding 
for basic and diluted EPS, treasury shares are excluded. Vested restricted stock award ("RSA") shares are included in the 
calculation  of  the  weighted  average  shares  outstanding for  basic  and  diluted  EPS.  Unvested  RSA  and  PSA  shares  are 
recognized as a special class of participating securities under ASC 260, and are included in the calculation of the weighted 
average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS.

Comprehensive Income - Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other 
comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, unrealized gains and losses 
on  cash  flow  hedges,  and  changes  in  the  funded  status  of  the  pension  plan,  which  are  also  recognized  as  separate 
components of equity. Comprehensive and accumulated comprehensive income are summarized in Note 3.

Disclosures  about  Segments  of  an  Enterprise  and  Related  Information -  The  Company  has  one  reportable  segment, 
"Community Banking." All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based 
on the manner in which it supports the other activities of the Company. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability 
of the Bank to fund itself with retail deposits and other borrowings and to manage interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, 
all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Company as one operating segment or unit.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there was no customer that accounted for more than 10% of the 
Company's consolidated revenue.

Reclassifications  –  There  have  been  no  material  reclassifications  to  prior  year  amounts  to  conform  to  their  current 
presentation.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Standards Adopted in 2021

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326)

The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method for all financial 
assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures.  ASU 2016-13 was effective for the Company 
as of January 1, 2020. Under Section 4014 of the CARES Act, financial institutions required to adopt ASU 2016-13 as of 
January 1, 2020 were provided an option to delay the adoption of the CECL Standard framework. The Company elected 
to defer adoption of the CECL Standard until January 1, 2021. The CECL Standard requires that the measurement of all 
expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date be based on historical experience, current conditions,
and  reasonable  and  supportable  forecasts.  This  standard  requires  financial  institutions  and  other  organizations  to  use 
forward-looking  information  to  better  inform  their  credit  loss  estimates. Results  for  reporting  periods  beginning  after 
January  1,  2021  are  presented  under  the  CECL  Standard  while  prior  period  amounts  will  continue  to  be  reported  in 
accordance with previously applicable GAAP.

The adoption of the CECL Standard resulted in an initial decrease of $3.9 million to the allowance for credit losses and an 
increase of $1.4 million to the reserve for unfunded commitments in other liabilities, for the year ended December 31, 
2021. The after-tax cumulative-effect adjustment of $1.7 million was recorded in retained earnings as of January 1, 2021. 

59

There were no held-to-maturity securities as of January 1, 2021 and, therefore, no impact from the adoption of the CECL 
Standard.

Standards Adopted in 2023

ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)

ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to loan and lease agreements, derivative 
contracts,  and  other  transactions  affected  by  the  anticipated  transition  away  from  LIBOR  toward  new  interest  rate 
benchmarks.  ASU  2020-04  also  provides  numerous  optional  expedients  for  derivative  accounting.  ASU  2020-04  is 
effective March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Once optional expedients are elected, the amendments in this ASU 
must  be  applied  prospectively  for  all  eligible  contract  modifications  for  that  Topic  or  Industry  Subtopic  within  the 
Codification. As of July 1, 2023, the Company has transitioned LIBOR based transactions to other indexes. The LIBOR 
transition did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope 

ASU  2021-01  clarifies  that  all  derivative  instruments  affected  by  changes  to  the  interest  rates  used  for  discounting, 
margining, or contract price alignment due to reference rate reform are in the scope of ASC 848. Entities may apply certain 
optional expedients in ASC 848 to derivative instruments that do not reference LIBOR or another rate expected to be 
discontinued as a result of reference rate reform if there is a change to the interest rate used for discounting, margining or 
contract price alignment. ASU 2020-01 is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 
2022.  As of July 1, 2023, the Company has transitioned LIBOR based derivatives to other indexes such as fallback rate 
SOFR. The LIBOR transition did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging-Portfolio Layer Method 

On  March  28,  2022,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards Board  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (ASU) 2022-01, 
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method. The purpose of this updated guidance 
is to further align risk management objectives with hedge accounting results on the application of the last-of-layer method, 
which was first introduced in ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting 
for  Hedging  Activities.  ASU  2022-01  became  effective  for  public  business  entities  for  fiscal  years  beginning  after 
December 15, 2022, with early adoption in the interim period, permitted. For entities who have already adopted ASU 
2017-12,  immediate  adoption  is  allowed. This  ASU  became  effective  for  the  Company  on  January  1,  2023,  on  a 
prospective basis. This standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures 

ASU 2022-02 eliminates TDR recognition and measurement guidance and, instead, requires that an entity evaluate whether 
the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. ASU 2022-02 enhances existing disclosure 
requirements  and  introduces  new  requirements  related  to  certain  modifications  of  receivables  made  to  borrowers 
experiencing financial difficulty. For entities that have adopted the amendments of ASU 2016-13, the amendments in ASU 
2022-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal 
years.  This  ASU  became  effective  for  the  Company  on  January  1,  2023.  The  Company  adopted  ASU  2022-02  on  its 
effective date using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on 
the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

2. MERGER

As described in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, on February 1, 2021, we completed our Merger with 
Legacy Dime.

Pursuant to the merger agreement, Legacy Dime merged with and into Bridge with Bridge as the surviving corporation 
under the name “Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.” At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of Legacy 
Dime common stock, par value $0.01 per share, was converted into 0.6480 shares of the Company’s common stock, par 
value $0.01 per share. 

60

At the Effective Time, each outstanding share of Legacy Dime’s Series A preferred stock, par value $0.01 was converted 
into one share of a newly created series of the Company’s preferred stock having the same powers, preferences and rights 
as the Dime Preferred Stock.

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed $115.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 4.50% Fixed-
to-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2027 of Legacy Dime.

The Merger constituted a business combination and was accounted for as a reverse merger using the acquisition method 
of accounting. As a result, Legacy Dime was the accounting acquirer and Bridge was the legal acquirer and the accounting 
acquiree. Accordingly, the historical financial statements of Legacy Dime became the historical financial statements of 
the combined company. In addition, the assets and liabilities of Bridge have been recorded at their estimated fair values 
and added to those of Legacy Dime as of the Merger Date. The determination of fair value required management to make 
estimates about discount rates, expected future cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are subjective 
and subject to change.

The Company issued 21.2 million shares of its common stock to Legacy Dime stockholders in connection with the Merger, 
which represented 51.5% of the voting interests in the Company upon completion of the Merger. In accordance with FASB 
ASC 805-40-30-2, the purchase price in a reverse acquisition is determined based on the number of equity interests the 
legal acquiree would have had to issue to give the owners of the legal acquirer the same percentage equity interest in the 
combined entity that results from the reverse acquisition. 

The table below summarizes the ownership of the combined company following the Merger, for each shareholder group, 
as well as the market capitalization of the combined company using shares of Bridge and Legacy Dime common stock 
outstanding at January 31, 2021 and Bridge’s closing price on January 31, 2021.

(Dollars and shares in thousands)
Bridge shareholders
Legacy Dime shareholders
   Total

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. Ownership and Market Value

Number of 
Bridge
Outstanding Shares
19,993
21,233
41,226

Percentage
Ownership
48.5%
51.5%
100.0%

$

$

Market Value at
$24.43 Bridge
Share Price

488,420
518,720
1,007,140

The table below summarizes the hypothetical number of shares as of January 31, 2021 that Legacy Dime would have to 
issue to give Bridge owners the same percentage ownership in the combined company.

(Shares in thousands)
Bridge shareholders
Legacy Dime shareholders
   Total

Hypothetical Legacy Dime Ownership

Number of 
Legacy Dime
Outstanding Shares

30,853
32,767
63,620

Percentage
Ownership

48.5%
51.5%
100.0%

The purchase price is calculated based on the number of hypothetical shares of Legacy Dime common stock issued to 
Bridge shareholders multiplied by the share price as demonstrated in the table below.

(Dollars and shares in thousands)
Number of hypothetical Legacy Dime shares issued to Bridge shareholders
Legacy Dime market price per share as of February 1, 2021
Purchase price determination of hypothetical Legacy Dime shares issued to Bridge shareholders
Value of Bridge stock options hypothetically converted to options to acquire shares of Legacy Dime 
common stock
Cash in lieu of fractional shares
Purchase price consideration

$
$

$

30,853
15.90
490,560

643
7
491,210

61

The  following  table  provides  the  purchase  price  allocation  as  of  the  Merger  Date  and  the  Bridge  assets  acquired  and 
liabilities assumed at their estimated fair value as of the Merger Date as recorded by Dime Community Bancshares. We 
recorded the estimate of fair value based on initial valuations available at the Merger Date. We finalized all valuations and 
recorded  final  adjustments  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  2021.  In  the  fourth  quarter  of  2021,  we  obtained  additional 
information and evidence that resulted in a subsequent adjustment to decrease the estimated fair value of our acquired 
BNB Bank Pension Plan assets, which resulted in an increase to goodwill resulting from the Merger of $458 thousand, net 
of tax. The subsequent adjustment to assets acquired was recorded in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial 
condition.  

(In thousands)
Purchase price consideration

Fair value of assets acquired:
Cash and due from banks
Securities available-for-sale
Loans held for sale
Loans held for investment
Premises and fixed assets
Restricted stock
BOLI
Other intangible assets
Operating lease assets
Other assets

Total assets acquired

Fair value of liabilities assumed:

Deposits
Other short-term borrowings
Subordinated debt
Operating lease liabilities
Other liabilities

Total liabilities assumed

Fair value of net identifiable assets
Goodwill resulting from Merger

$

491,210

715,988
651,997
10,000
4,531,640
37,881
23,362
94,085
10,984
45,603
117,016
6,238,556

5,405,575
216,298
83,200
45,285
97,147
5,847,505
391,051
100,159

$

As a result of the Merger, we recorded $100.2 million of goodwill. The goodwill recorded is not deductible for income tax 
purposes.

62

The Company is required to record PCD assets, defined as a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since 
origination or issuance, at the purchase price plus the allowance for credit losses expected at the time of acquisition. Under 
this method, there is no credit loss expense affecting net income on acquisition of PCD assets. Changes in estimates of 
expected losses after acquisition are recognized as credit loss expense (or reversal of credit loss expense) in subsequent 
periods as they arise. Any non-credit discount or premium resulting from acquiring a pool of purchased financial assets 
with credit deterioration shall be allocated to each individual asset.  At the acquisition date, the initial allowance for credit 
losses  determined  on  a  collective  basis  shall  be  allocated  to  individual  assets  to  appropriately  allocate  any  non-credit 
discount or premium. The non-credit discount or premium, after the adjustment for the allowance for credit losses, shall 
be accreted to interest income using the interest method based on the effective interest rate determined after the adjustment
for credit losses at the adoption date. Information regarding loans acquired at the Merger Date are as follows:

(In thousands)
PCD loans:

Unpaid principal balance
Non-credit discount at acquisition
Unpaid principal balance, net

Allowance for credit losses at acquisition
Fair value at acquisition

Non-PCD loans:

Unpaid principal balance
Premium at acquisition

Fair value at acquisition

Total fair value at acquisition

$

295,306
(9,050)
286,256

(52,284)
233,972

4,289,236
8,432
4,297,668

$

4,531,640

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to investing and financing activities regarding the Merger are 
as follows for the year ended December 31, 2021:

(In thousands)
Business combination:
Fair value of tangible assets acquired
Goodwill, core deposit intangible and other intangible assets acquired
Liabilities assumed
Purchase price consideration

$

6,227,572
111,143
5,847,505
491,210

Other intangible assets consisted of core deposit intangibles and a non-compete agreement with estimated fair values at 
the Merger Date of $10.2 million and $780 thousand, respectively. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized over a 
life of 10 years on an accelerated basis. The non-compete agreement was amortized over a life of 13 months.  

63

  
  
  
3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, was as follows:

(In thousands)
Balance as of January 1, 2022
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income during the period
Balance as of December 31, 2022
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period
Balance as of December 31, 2023

Securities
Available-

Defined
Benefit
     for-Sale      Plans

$

(7,864) $ (1,306) $

(95,030)

(1,413)

    Derivatives    
$

2,989
9,879

2,024
(93,006)

(2,547)
(3,960)

$ (100,870) $ (5,266) $

7,498

(109)

3,130
10,628

(1,055)
(1,164)

$ (90,242) $ (6,430) $

(1,111)
8,768
11,757
(8,091)

1,427
(6,664)
5,093

$

$

Total
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss

(6,181)
(86,564)

(1,634)
(88,198)
(94,379)
(702)

3,502
2,800
(91,579)

The before and after tax amounts allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the 
table below for the periods indicated.

(In thousands)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities:

Change in net unrealized gain (loss) during the period
Reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net (loss) gain on sale 
of securities and other assets
Accretion of net unrealized loss on securities transferred to held-to-maturity
Net change
Tax expense (benefit)
  Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities, net of reclassification 
adjustments and tax

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

10,355

$

(138,630) $

(28,865)

1,447
3,142
14,944
4,316

—
2,953
(135,677)
(42,671)

(1,207)
—
(30,072)
(9,514)

10,628

(93,006)

(20,558)

Change in pension and other postretirement obligations:

Reclassification adjustment for expense included in other expense
Reclassification adjustment for curtailment loss
Change in the net actuarial (loss) gain
Net change
Tax (benefit) expense

Net change in pension and other postretirement obligations

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives:

Change in net unrealized (loss) gain during the period
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in loss on termination of derivatives
Reclassification adjustment for expense included in interest expense
Net change
Tax expense (benefit)

Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of reclassification 
adjustments and tax

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

(1,547)
—
(190)
(1,737)
(573)
(1,164)

(11,782)
—
2,092
(9,690)
(3,026)

(6,664)
2,800

$

(3,715)
—
(2,062)
(5,777)
(1,817)
(3,960)

14,412
—
(1,621)
12,791
4,023

8,768

$

(88,198) $

(1,092)
1,543
6,563
7,014
2,234
4,780

5,277
16,505
940
22,722
7,201

15,521
(257)

64

    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
4. SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the major categories of securities as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:

Agency notes
Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") issued by government 
sponsored entities ("GSEs")
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

Total securities available-for-sale

(In thousands)
Securities held-to-maturity:

Agency notes
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs

Total securities held-to-maturity

(In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:

Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

Total securities available-for-sale

(In thousands)
Securities held-to-maturity:

Agency notes
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs

Total securities held-to-maturity

Amortized
Cost

December 31, 2023

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

10,000
245,877
174,978

230,253
305,860
28,741
995,709

$

$

— $
—
—

10
46
—
56

$

(629)
(11,687)
(23,808)

(24,978)
(46,491)
(1,932)
(109,525)

December 31, 2023

Gross
Unrecognized
Gains

Gross
Unrecognized
Losses

$

$

$

$

— $
—
—
16
16

$

(11,300)
(1,825)
(37,579)
(27,021)
(77,725)

December 31, 2022

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

— $
57
—
2
—
59

$

(19,643)
(17,075)
(31,534)
(50,057)
(3,021)
(121,330)

December 31, 2022

Gross
Unrecognized
Gains

Gross
Unrecognized
Losses

Amortized
Cost

89,563
9,000
279,853
216,223
594,639

Amortized
Cost

246,899
183,791
272,774
331,394
37,000
1,071,858

Amortized
Cost

89,157
9,000
278,281
209,360
585,798

$

$

— $
—
—
—
— $

(14,095)
(553)
(40,960)
(24,431)
(80,039)

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Fair
Value

9,371
234,190
151,170

205,285
259,415
26,809
886,240

Fair
Value

78,263
7,175
242,274
189,218
516,930

Fair
Value

227,256
166,773
241,240
281,339
33,979
950,587

Fair
Value

75,062
8,447
237,321
184,929
505,759

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no transfers of securities from available-for-sale to securities held-
to-maturity.  There  were  no transfers  of  securities  from  held-to-maturity  to  available-for-sale  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023. The Company reassessed classification of certain investments and transferred securities with a book 
value of $372.2 million from available-for-sale to securities held-to-maturity during the year ended December 31, 2022. 
The related unrealized losses of $27.7 million were converted to a discount that is being accreted through interest income 
on a level-yield method over the term of the securities, while the unrealized losses recorded in other comprehensive income 
are amortized out of other comprehensive income through interest income on a level-yield method over the remaining term 
of securities, with no net change to interest income. No gain or loss was recorded at the time of transfer. There were no
transfers from securities held-to-maturity during the year ended December 31, 2022. There were $140.4 million transferred 
from securities available-for-sale to securities held-to-maturity during the year ended December 31, 2021. There were no
transfers from securities held-to-maturity during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

65

    
    
    
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
The  carrying  amount  of  securities  pledged  at  December 31,  2023 and  2022 was  $457.7  million  and  $631.4 million, 
respectively.  The  pledged  securities  are  mainly  used  as  collateral  for  a  portion  of  the  Company’s  municipal  deposit 
portfolio.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government 
and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from 
contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.  
Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.  

(In thousands)
Available-for-sale
Within one year
One to five years
Five to ten years
Beyond ten years
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs and agency CMO
Total

Held-to-maturity
Within one year
One to five years
Five to ten years
Beyond ten years
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs and agency CMO
Total

December 31, 2023

Amortized
Cost

Fair
Value

$

$

$

$

88,498
198,552
172,546
—
536,113
995,709

$

$

— $

19,783
78,780
—
496,076
594,639

$

86,233
186,041
149,266
—
464,700
886,240

—
18,397
67,041
—
431,492
516,930

The following table presents the information related to sales of securities available-for-sale for the periods indicated:

(In thousands)
Proceeds
Gross gains
Tax expense on gains
Gross losses
Tax benefit on losses

2023

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

$

$

77,804
130
39
1,577
467

— $
—
—
—
—

138,077
1,327
421
120
38

Equity securities included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition had a fair value of $2.2
million  as  of  December  31,  2023.  Net  loss  on  equity  securities  of  $758 thousand  was  recognized  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023.

Marketable equity securities were fully liquidated in connection with the termination of the BMP.  Prior to termination, 
the Company held marketable equity securities as the underlying mutual fund investments of the BMP, held in a rabbi 
trust. 

A summary of the sales of marketable equity securities is listed below for the periods indicated:

(In thousands)
Proceeds:

Marketable equity securities

2023

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

$

— $

— $

6,101

The related gain or loss on marketable equity securities shown in the consolidated statements of operations was due to 
market valuation changes. Net gain on marketable equity securities of $131 thousand were recognized for the year ended 
December 31, 2021.  

There were no sales of securities held-to-maturity during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021.

66

    
    
    
    
  
  
  
The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities aggregated by investment category 
and the length of time the securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for the periods indicated:

(In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:

Agency notes
Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

(In thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:

Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

Less than 12
Consecutive Months

Fair
     Value

Unrealized

     Losses

December 31, 2023
12 Consecutive
Months or Longer
Fair
     Value

     Losses

Unrealized

Total

Fair
     Value

Unrealized

     Losses

$

— $
—
20,935
—
—
1,796

— $
—
917
—
—
54

9,371
234,190
130,235
203,469
251,900
21,513

$

629
11,687
22,891
24,978
46,491
1,878

$

9,371
234,190
151,170
203,469
251,900
23,309

$

629
11,687
23,808
24,978
46,491
1,932

Less than 12
Consecutive Months

Fair
     Value

Unrealized

     Losses

December 31, 2022
12 Consecutive
Months or Longer
Fair
     Value

     Losses

Unrealized

Total

Fair
     Value

Unrealized

     Losses

$

— $

110,707
50,813
55,924
10,848

— $ 227,256
50,116
190,427
220,413
22,681

8,494
2,010
3,454
174

$

19,643
8,581
29,524
46,603
2,847

$ 227,256
160,823
241,240
276,337
33,529

$

19,643
17,075
31,534
50,057
3,021

As of December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position 
due to credit and therefore no allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities was required. Additionally, 
given the high-quality composition of the Company’s held-to-maturity portfolio, the Company did not record an allowance 
for  credit  losses  on  the  held-to-maturity  portfolio.  With  respect  to  certain  classes  of  debt  securities,  primarily  U.S. 
Treasuries and securities issued by Government Sponsored Entities, the Company considers the history of credit losses, 
current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of 
the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero, even if the U.S. government were to technically default. Accrued interest 
receivable  on  securities  totaled $5.3 million and  $5.4 million  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022  respectively,  and  was 
excluded from the amortized cost and estimated fair value totals in the table above.

Management evaluates available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment 
is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to (1) the extent to which the fair value 
is less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability 
of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery
in fair value.

At December 31, 2023, substantially all of the securities in an unrealized loss position had a fixed interest rate and the 
cause of the temporary impairment was directly related to changes in interest rates. The Company generally views changes 
in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. The following major 
security types held by the Company are all issued by U.S. government entities and agencies and therefore either explicitly 
or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government: Agency Notes, Treasury Securities, Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs, 
Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Substantially all of the corporate bonds within the portfolio have maintained 
an investment grade rating by either Kroll, Egan-Jones, Fitch, Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. None of the unrealized 
losses  are  related  to  credit  losses.  Substantially  all  of  the state  and  municipal  obligations  within  the  portfolio  have  all 
maintained an investment grade rating by either Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. The Company does not have the intent 
to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated 
recovery. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the debt. The fair value is expected to 
recover as the securities approach maturity. 

67

  
  
  
  
  
  
5. LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET

The following table presents the loan categories for the period ended as indicated: 

(In thousands)
One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
ADC
Total real estate loans
C&I
Other loans
Total
Fair value hedge basis point adjustments (1)
Total loans, net of fair value hedge basis point adjustments
Allowance for credit losses
Loans held for investment, net

December 31,

2023

887,555
4,017,176
4,620,900
168,513
9,694,144
1,066,938
5,755
10,766,837
6,591
10,773,428
(71,743)
10,701,685

$

$

2022

773,321
4,026,826
4,457,630
229,663
9,487,440
1,071,712
7,679
10,566,831
—
10,566,831
(83,507)
10,483,324

$

$

(1) At December 31, 2023, the loan portfolio included a fair value hedge basis point adjustment to the carrying amount of hedged one-

to-four family residential mortgage loans, multifamily residential mortgage loans and CRE loans.

C&I loans included SBA PPP loans totaling $1.1 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 
In June 2021, the Company sold $596.2 million of SBA PPP loans and recorded a gain of $20.7 million in gain on sale of 
SBA loans in the consolidated statements of operations. 

The following tables present data regarding the allowance for credit losses activity for the periods indicated:

Real Estate Loans

One-to-Four
Family

Multifamily
Residential and Residential

Cooperative/
Condominium Residential

and

Total Real

Apartment

     Mixed-Use      CRE      ADC      Estate

     C&I

Other
Loans

Total

$

644

$

17,016

$

9,059

$ 1,993

$ 28,712

$ 12,737 $

12

$ 41,461

1,048

(8,254)

4,849

381

(1,976)

(1,935)

(8)

(3,919)

1,692
2,220
1,975
(20)
65

8,762
3,292
(3,921)
(391)
74

13,908
23,124
(4,497)
(3,406)
37

2,374
117
2,366
—
—

26,736
28,753
(4,077)
(3,817)
176

10,802
23,374
6,016
(4,984)
123

4
157
1,364
(777)
3

37,542
52,284
3,303
(9,578)
302

5,932

$

7,816

$ 29,166

$ 4,857

$ 47,771

$ 35,331 $

751

$ 83,853

37
—
—

542
—
2

(1,891)
—
54

(3,134)
—
—

(4,446)
—
56

11,786
(11,401)
4,137

(430)
(53)
5

6,910
(11,454)
4,198

5,969

$

8,360

$ 27,329

$ 1,723

$ 43,381

$ 39,853 $

273

$ 83,507

858
(14)
—

(1,121)
(2)
—

(721)
—
—

266
—
—

(718)
(16)
—

3,464
(15,364)
1,024

129
(300)
17

2,875
(15,680)
1,041

6,813

$

7,237

$ 26,608

$ 1,989

$ 42,647

$ 28,977 $

119

$ 71,743

$

$

$

(In thousands)
Ending balance as of 
December 31, 2020
Impact of adopting CECL as of 
January 1, 2021
Beginning balance as of January 1, 
2021
Day 1 acquired PCD loans
Provision for credit losses
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Ending balance as of 
December 31, 2021

Provision (credit) for credit losses
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Ending balance as of 
December 31, 2022

Provision (credit) for credit losses
Charge-offs
Recoveries
Ending balance as of 
December 31, 2023

68

    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status as of the periods indicated:

(In thousands)

One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment

CRE

ADC

C&I

Total

(In thousands)

One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment

CRE

ADC

C&I

Other

Total

December 31, 2023

Non-accrual with

No Allowance     

Non-accrual with 
Allowance

Reserve

December 31, 2022

Non-accrual with
     No Allowance     

Non-accrual with 
Allowance

     Reserve

— $

2,298
—

1,482

3,780

— $

4,915
657
503
—

6,075

$

3,248
8,229
657

13,185

$

25,319

$

$

3,203
3,417
—
21,443
99

$

28,162

$

133
832
305

12,932

14,202

181
1,424
—
20,685
99

22,389

$

$

$

$

The Company did not recognize interest income on non-accrual loans held for investment during the years ended December 
31, 2023 or 2022.

The following tables summarize the past due status of the Company’s investment in loans as of the dates indicated:   

(In thousands)
Real estate:

One-to-four family residential, including 
condominium and cooperative apartment
Multifamily residential and residential 
mixed-use
CRE
ADC

Total real estate
C&I
Other
Total

December 31, 2023

30 to 59
Days

60 to 89
Days

Loans 90
Days or
More Past Due
and Still

Total
Past Due
and

     Past Due      Past Due     Accruing Interest    Non-accrual    Non-accrual     Current

Total
Loans

$ 4,071

$

73

$

— $

3,248

$

7,392

$

880,163

$

887,555

—
3,160
430
7,661
4,316
—
$ 11,977

—
208
—
281
1,009
—
$ 1,290

$

—
—
—
—
—
—
— $

—
10,527
657
14,432
14,667
—
29,099

$

—
13,895
1,087
22,374
19,992
—
42,366

4,017,176
4,607,005
167,426
9,671,770
1,046,946
5,755
$ 10,724,471

4,017,176
4,620,900
168,513
9,694,144
1,066,938
5,755
$ 10,766,837

69

    
(In thousands)
Real estate:

One-to-four family residential, including 
condominium and cooperative apartment
Multifamily residential and residential 
mixed-use
CRE
ADC

Total real estate
C&I
Other
Total

December 31, 2022

30 to 59
Days

60 to 89
Days

Loans 90
Days or
More Past Due
and Still

Total
Past Due
and

     Past Due      Past Due     Accruing Interest    Non-accrual    Non-accrual     Current

Total
Loans

$

686

$ — $

— $

3,203

$

3,889

$

769,432

$

773,321

4,817
14,189
—
19,692
3,561
264
$ 23,517

$

—
—
—
—
741
1
742

$

—
—
—
—
—
—
— $

—
8,332
657
12,192
21,946
99
34,237

$

4,817
22,521
657
31,884
26,248
364
58,496

4,022,009
4,435,109
229,006
9,455,556
1,045,464
7,315
$ 10,508,335

4,026,826
4,457,630
229,663
9,487,440
1,071,712
7,679
$ 10,566,831

Accruing Loans 90 Days or More Past Due:

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no accruing loans 90 days or more past due. 

Collateral Dependent Loans:

The Company had collateral dependent loans which were individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as 
follows: 

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)
CRE
ADC
C&I
Total

Related Party Loans

Real Estate
Collateral Dependent
8,903
$
657
1,444
11,004

$

$

$

Associated 
Allowance

Real Estate

for Credit Losses Collateral Dependent
7,391
$
657
949
8,997

621
305
—
926

$

Associated 
Allowance
for Credit Losses
1,297
$
—
—
1,297

$

Certain directors, executive officers, and their related parties, including their immediate families and companies in which 
they are principal owners, were loan customers of the Bank during 2023. 

The following table sets forth selected information about related party loans:

Year Ended 

(In thousands)
Beginning balance
New loans 
Repayments 
Balance at end of period

Loan Restructurings

$

     December 31, 2023
4,956
531
(565)
4,922

$

The Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02 on January 1, 2023, which eliminates the recognition and measurement of a 
TDR. Due to the removal of the TDR designation, the Company applies the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance 
to determine whether a modification or other forms of restructuring result in a new loan or a continuation of an existing 
loan.  Loan  modifications  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty  that  result  in  a  direct  change  in  the  timing  or 
amount of contractual cash flows include conditions where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-
than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and/or a combinations of these modifications. The disclosures related 
to loan restructuring are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows.

70

    
    
The  following  table  shows  the  amortized  cost  basis  as  of  December  31,  2023  of  the  loans  modified  to  borrowers 
experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan category and type of concession granted:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Term 

Significant Extension and
Payment

Significant

Term

Significant
Payment Delay
and Interest

     Extension      Delay

    Payment Delay    Rate Reduction

Total

% of
Total Class
of Financing
     Receivable

(Dollars in thousands)
One-to-four family residential and 
cooperative/condominium apartment

$

— $

2,856

$

92

$

— $

2,948

Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use
CRE
ADC
C&I
Other
Total

—
—
—
1,789
—
1,789

—
24,706
—
12,020
—
39,582

$

$

$

—
—
—
520
—
612

$

—
—
—
298
—
298

—
24,706
—
14,627
—
42,281

$

0.3 %

0.0
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.4 %

The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: 

(Dollars in thousands)
One-to-four family residential and cooperative/condominium apartment

Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use

CRE
ADC
C&I
Other
Total

For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Weighted Average Weighted Average

Interest Rate
Reductions

Months of

Term Extensions     

Weighted Average
Payment Delay
or Principal 
Forgiveness

— %

—

—
—
4.27
—
4.27 %

189

—

—
—
13
—
202

$

$

76

—

988
—
2,406
—
3,470

The Bank monitors the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the 
effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table describes the performance of loans that have been modified 
during the year ended December 31, 2023.

(Dollars in thousands)
One-to-four family residential and 
cooperative/condominium apartment
Multifamily residential and residential mixed-
use

CRE
ADC
C&I
Other
Total

30-59
Days Past 
Due

December 31, 2023
90+
Days Past 
Due

60-89
Days Past 
Due

     Non-Accrual     

Total

— $

—

—
—
—
—
— $

— $

—

—
—
—
—
— $

— $

—

—
—
—
—
— $

92

$

2,948

—
—
2,131
—
2,223

$

—

24,706
—
14,627
—
42,281

     Current

$

2,856

$

—

24,706
—
12,496
—
40,058

$

$

There  were  no loans  made  to  borrowers  experiencing  financial  difficulty  that  were  modified  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023, that subsequently defaulted. For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or 
more days past due and still accruing. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty 
remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms.

Prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02, as of December 31, 2022, the Company had TDRs totaling $22.1 million. The 
Company had allocated $9.1 million of allowance for those loans at December 31, 2022, with no commitments to lend 
additional  amounts.  As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  Company  had  TDRs  totaling  $942 thousand.  The  Company  had 
allocated  $483 thousand of  allowance  for  those  loans  at  December 31,  2021,  with  no commitments  to  lend  additional 
amounts. 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, TDR modifications included reduction of outstanding principal, extensions of 
maturity dates, or favorable interest rates and loan terms than the prevailing market interest rates and loan terms. 

71

    
    
    
    
During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022,  the  Company  modified  one CRE  loan  as  a  TDR,  and  one Acquisition, 
Development, and Construction loan, which subsequently paid off during the year. During the year ended December 31, 
2021, the Company modified one CRE loan as a TDR, which subsequently paid off during the year. 

The following table presents the loans by category modified as TDRs that occurred during the year ended December 31, 
2022: 

(Dollars in thousands)
One-to-four family residential and 
cooperative/condominium apartment
CRE
ADC
C&I
Other
     Total

Modifications During the Year Ended December 31,

2022

Pre-

Post-

Modification Modification
Outstanding Outstanding

2021

Pre-

Post-

Modification Modification
Outstanding Outstanding

Number
of Loans

Recorded
Investment

Recorded
Investment

Number
of Loans

Recorded
Investment

Recorded
Investment

2
1
1
7
1
12

$

$

762
991
13,500
21,934
276
37,463

$

$

762
991
13,500
21,938
276
37,467

2
1
—
1
—
4

$

$

467
10,000
—
456
—
10,923

$

$

467
10,000
—
488
—
10,955

There were no TDR charge-offs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service 
their  debt  such  as:  current  financial  information,  historical  payment  experience,  credit  structure,  loan  documentation, 
public  information,  and  current  economic  trends,  among  other  factors.  The  Company  analyzes  loans  individually  by 
classifying them as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s 
close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects 
for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying 
capacity  of  the  obligor  or  of  the  collateral  pledged,  if  any.  Loans  so  classified  have  a  well-defined  weakness  or 
weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank 
will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with 
the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of then existing facts, 
conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. 

72

The following is a summary of the credit risk profile of loans by internally assigned grade as of the periods indicated, the 
years represent the year of origination for non-revolving loans: 

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018 and 
Prior

Revolving-

   Revolving   

Term    

Total

December 31, 2023

(In thousands)
One-to-four family residential, and 
condominium/cooperative apartment:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful

Total one-to-four family residential, and 
condominium/cooperative apartment
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

Multifamily residential and residential mixed-
use:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful

Total multifamily residential and residential 
mixed-use
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

CRE:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total CRE
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

ADC:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total ADC
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

C&I:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total C&I
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

Total:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total Loans

YTD Gross Charge-Offs

12,493
776
1,061
—

14,330
14

4,325
—
—
—

4,325
—

11,538
17,862
—
—
29,400
—

225
—
657
—
882
—

31,467
7,444
18,449
—
57,360
3,390

$

875,473
968
11,114
—

887,555
14

3,834,927
81,373
100,876
—

4,017,176
2

4,338,786
170,782
111,332
—
4,620,900
—

129,142
38,714
657
—
168,513
—

963,579
45,412
57,199
748
1,066,938
15,364

10,141,907
337,249
281,178
748
$ 10,761,082
15,380
$

$ 170,601 $

—
—
—

213,479 $
—
—
—

102,684 $
—
—
—

69,524 $
—
1,005
—

62,356 $
—
337
—

213,131 $ 31,205 $

33
8,711
—

159
—
—

170,601
—

213,479
—

102,684
—

70,529
—

62,693
—

221,875
—

31,364
—

256,822
—
—
—

1,340,197
—
—
—

256,822
—

1,340,197
—

417,973
—
—
—
417,973
—

990,748
28,770
—
—
1,019,518
—

16,735
—
—
—
16,735
—

60,771
481
—
—
61,252
—

17,534
11,500
—
—
29,034
—

138,145
12,912
1,857
—
152,914
—

578,352
9,334
—
—

587,686
—

817,171
19,872
151
—
837,194
—

59,202
14,961
—
—
74,163
—

24,865
1,199
2,045
—
28,109
77

283,633
3,880
28,799
—

316,312
—

566,427
88,040
61,424
—
715,891
—

9,900
—
—
—
9,900
—

25,371
905
5,577
—
31,853
38

4,841
—
—
—

4,841
—

24,839
—
—
—
24,839
—

22,444
—
—
—
22,444
—

384,937
3,886
5,089
—

981,820
64,273
66,988
—

393,912
—

1,113,081
2

484,930
10,484
7,289
—
502,703
—

1,025,160
5,754
42,468
—
1,073,382
—

2,665
12,253
—
—
14,918
—

25,142
1,204
1,768
—
28,114
4,166

437
—
—
—
437
—

37,019
159
11,936
748
49,862
2,229

620,799
21,108
15,567
—
657,474
5,464

922,902
481
—
—

2,700,103
53,182
1,857
—

60,048
26,082
20,167
—
$ 923,383 $ 2,755,142 $ 1,629,836 $ 1,144,485 $ 1,002,340 $ 2,458,637 $ 740,962 $ 106,297
3,404
38 $
$

1,582,274
45,366
2,196
—

2,257,567
70,219
130,103
748

954,855
92,825
96,805
—

960,030
27,827
14,483
—

704,128
21,267
15,567
—

5,464 $

2,231 $

4,166 $

77 $

— $

— $

73

   
   
   
   
   
   
(In thousands)
One-to-four family residential, and 
condominium/cooperative apartment:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful

Total one-to-four family residential, and 
condominium/cooperative apartment
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

Multifamily residential and residential mixed-use:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful

Total multifamily residential and residential 
mixed-use
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

CRE:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total CRE
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

ADC:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total ADC
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

C&I:

Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total C&I
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

Total:
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Total Loans
YTD Gross Charge-Offs

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017 and 
Prior

Revolving-

  Revolving  

Term    

Total

December 31, 2022

$

225,031 $
—
—
—

108,185 $
—
—
—

72,732 $
—
1,026
—

65,515 $ 66,038 $

164,338 $ 41,172 $

—
1,227
—

735
407
—

1,175
10,779
—

579
—
—

225,031
—

108,185
—

73,758
—

66,742
—

67,180
—

176,292
—

41,751
—

1,386,549
—
—
—

1,386,549
—

1,021,622
2,864
—
—
1,024,486
—

36,877
—
—
—
36,877
—

175,347
3,770
5,242
—
184,359
—

582,393
—
—
—

582,393
—

854,240
—
151
—
854,391
—

152,543
—
657
—
153,200
—

36,511
—
1,244
—
37,755
477

316,424
—
12,294
—

328,718
—

753,552
19,655
4,550
—
777,757
—

11,242
—
—
—
11,242
—

42,103
894
5,364
—
48,361
4,720

395,933
11,183
7,001
—

127,074
—
20,311
—

1,107,281
14,168
33,631
—

414,117
—

147,385
—

1,155,080
—

510,332
4,653
7,947
—
522,932
—

308,265
14,372
1,131
—
323,768
—

868,099
15,478
11,590
—
895,167
—

15,943
—
—
—
15,943
—

37,030
1,529
2,968
8,332
49,859
2,088

—
—
—
—
—
—

20,628
1,521
970
752
23,871
—

2,087
—
—
—
2,087
—

33,343
843
10,232
2,048
46,466
2,414

12,584
—
—
—

12,584
—

34,362
—
—
—
34,362
—

10,033
—
—
—
10,033
—

628,560
9,062
11,290
—
648,912
1,460

2,845,426
6,634
5,242
—

1,733,872
—
2,052
—

1,196,053
20,549
23,234
—

1,024,753
17,365
19,143
8,332

522,005
16,628
22,819
752

2,175,148
31,664
66,232
2,048

726,711
9,641
11,290
—

$ 2,857,302 $ 1,735,924 $ 1,239,836 $ 1,069,593 $ 562,204 $ 2,275,092 $ 747,642 $
1,460 $
$

2,088 $

4,720 $

2,414 $

477 $

— $

— $

$

12,563
726
1,093
—

14,382
—

755,574
3,215
14,532
—

773,321
—

—
—
—
—

—
—

24,767
—
—
—
24,767
—

281
—
—
—
281
—

22,239
478
9,412
—
32,129
242

59,850
1,204
10,505
—
71,559
242

3,928,238
25,351
73,237
—

4,026,826
—

4,375,239
57,022
25,369
—
4,457,630
—

229,006
—
657
—
229,663
—

995,761
18,097
46,722
11,132
1,071,712
11,401

10,283,818
103,685
160,517
11,132
$ 10,559,152
11,401
$

For other loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on payment activity. Other loans that are 90 days or more past 
due  are  placed  on  non-accrual  status,  while  all  remaining  other loans  are  classified  and  evaluated  as  performing.  The 
following is a summary of the credit risk profile of other loans by internally assigned grade:

(In thousands)
Performing
Non-accrual
Total

6. LOAN SERVICING ACTIVITIES

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

$

$

5,755
—
5,755

$

$

7,580
99
7,679

The Bank services real estate and C&I loans for others having principal balances outstanding of approximately $346.1
million and $347.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Loans serviced for others are not reported as 
assets. Servicing loans for others generally consists of collecting loan payments, maintaining escrow accounts, disbursing 
payments  to  investors,  paying  taxes  and  insurance  and  processing  foreclosures.  In  connection  with  loans  serviced  for 
others, the Bank held borrowers’ escrow balances of $1.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

74

   
  
  
  
  
There are no restrictions on the Company’s consolidated assets or liabilities related to loans sold with servicing rights 
retained. Upon sale of these loans, the Company recorded an SRA in other assets, and has elected to account for the SRA 
under the "amortization method" prescribed under GAAP. The activity for SRAs for the periods indicated are as follows:

(In thousands)
Servicing right assets:
  Beginning of year
  Acquired in the Merger
  Additions
  Amortized to expense
  Sold
  End of year

Valuation allowance:
  Beginning of year
  Additions expensed
  End of year
Servicing right assets, net

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

$

3,349
—
458
(639)
—
3,168

(201)
(36)
(237)
2,931

$

$

3,856
—
659
(907)
(259)
3,349

(80)
(121)
(201)
3,148

$

$

1,710
2,070
885
(809)
—
3,856

—
(80)
(80)
3,776

The fair value of SRAs was $3.4 million and $3.5 million, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The fair value at 
December 31, 2023 was determined using discount rates ranging from 10.0% to 14.5%, prepayment speeds ranging from 
6.5% to 12.2%, depending on the stratification of the specific servicing right, and a weighted average default rate of 0.67%. 
The fair value at December 31, 2022 was determined using discount rates ranging from 9.5% to 12.0%, prepayment speeds 
ranging from 6.7% to 16%, depending on the stratification of the specific servicing right, and a weighted average default 
rate of 0.67%. 

7. PREMISES AND FIXED ASSETS, NET AND PREMISES HELD FOR SALE

Premises and Fixed Assets, Net

The following is a summary of premises and fixed assets, net:

(In thousands)
Land
Buildings
Leasehold improvements
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Premises and fixed assets, gross
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
Premises and fixed assets, net

December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

$

10,824
21,173
28,307
25,909
86,213
(41,345)
44,868

$

$

$

10,824
21,688
26,862
25,750
85,124
(38,375)
46,749

Depreciation and amortization expense amounted to $6.7 million, $7.4 million and $6.5 million during the years ended 
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Premises Held for Sale

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company transferred one real estate property utilized as a retail branch to 
premises held for sale totaling $905 thousand. There were no premises held for sale as of December 31, 2022.  

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold one real estate property utilized as a retail branch for $1.9
million and recorded an associated gain of $1.4 million in Gain on sale of securities and other assets in the consolidated 
statements of operations. 

75

    
    
    
    
    
8. LEASES

The  following  table  presents  the  Company’s  remaining  maturities  of  undiscounted  lease  payments,  as  well  as  a 
reconciliation  to  the  discounted  operating  lease  liabilities  in  the  Consolidated  Statements  of  Financial  Condition  at 
December 31, 2023: 

(In thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter

Total undiscounted lease payments

Less amounts representing interest

Operating lease liabilities

$

$

13,009
12,833
12,173
10,322
4,297
6,260
58,894
(3,440)
55,454

Other information related to our operating leases was as follows:

(In thousands)
Operating lease cost
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease 
liabilities

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

12,801

$

11,428

$

14,341

12,560

10,574

13,975

Weighted average remaining lease term
Weighted average discount rate

9. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023

5.0 years
2.34 %

5.9 years
2.03 %

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill was $155.8 million.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of every year, or more frequently if events 
or changes in circumstance indicate the asset might be impaired. It was determined during the annual impairment testing 
that no impairment was needed for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. 

The following table presents the change in Goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

(In thousands)
Beginning of year
Acquired goodwill (1)
End of year

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

155,797
-
155,797

$

$

155,797
-
155,797

$

$

$

$

2021

55,638
100,159
155,797

(1)

See Note 2. Merger for additional information regarding the acquired goodwill

76

    
    
    
    
Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets that are amortizable, 
all of which are core deposit intangibles:

(In thousands)
Gross carrying value
Accumulated amortization
Net carrying amount

Year Ended December 31,
2023

2022

$

$

10,204
(5,145)
5,059

$

$

10,204
(3,720)
6,484

Amortization expense recognized on intangible assets was $1.4 million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Estimated amortization expense for 2024 through 2028 and thereafter is as follows:

(In thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total

10. RESTRICTED STOCK

The following is a summary of restricted stock:

(In thousands)

FHLBNY capital stock
FRB capital stock
ACBB capital stock

Restricted stock

FHLBNY Capital Stock

$

$

1,164
958
795
664
560
918
5,059

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

$

73,475
25,110
165

98,750

$

63,627
24,953
165

88,745

The Bank is a member of the FHLBNY. Membership requires the purchase of shares of FHLBNY capital stock at $100
per share. Members are required to own a particular amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors. 
The Bank increased its outstanding FHLBNY advances by $182.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, 
resulting in an increase of required FHLBNY stock. The Bank owned 734,751 shares and 636,274 shares at December 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively. The Bank recorded dividend income on the FHLBNY capital stock of $5.4 million, $853
thousand and $1.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 

FRB Capital Stock

The Bank is a member of the FRB. Membership requires the purchase of shares of FRB capital stock at $50 per share. The 
Bank owned 502,197 shares at December 31, 2023 and 499,052 shares at December 31, 2022. The Bank recorded dividend 
income on the FRB capital stock of $1.0 million, $828 thousand, and $442 thousand during the years ended December 31, 
2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. 

ACBB Capital Stock

The Bank has a relationship with ACBB. The relationship requires the purchase of shares of ACBB capital stock between 
$2,500 and $3,250 per share. The Bank owned 60 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Bank recorded dividend 

77

    
    
      
    
income on the ACBB capital stock of $2 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1 thousand during 
the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively. 

11. DEPOSITS

Deposits are summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Savings (1)
CDs
Money market
Interest-bearing checking
Non-interest-bearing checking (1)
Total

(1)

Includes mortgage escrow deposits.

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

Weighted
Average

Weighted
Average

     Rate

Liability      Rate

Liability

3.67 %   $ 2,335,490
1,607,683
4.43
3,125,996
3.46
515,987
0.77
2,945,499
—
2.56 %   $ 10,530,655

2.24 %   $ 2,260,101
1,115,364
2.25
2,532,270
1.50
827,454
1.01
3,519,218
—
1.19 %   $ 10,254,407

The following table presents a summary of scheduled maturities of CDs outstanding at December 31, 2023:

(Dollars in thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 and beyond
Total

Maturing
Balance

Weighted Average
Interest Rate

     $

$

1,489,735
81,297
25,742
7,527
3,382
—
1,607,683

4.60 %
2.52
2.26
0.18
0.05
—
4.43 %

CDs that met or exceeded the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit of $250 thousand were 
$115.3 million and $129.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

12. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company 
principally manages  its  exposures  to  a  wide  variety  of  business  and  operational risks  through  management of  its  core 
business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by 
managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. 
Specifically,  the  Company  enters into  derivative  financial  instruments  to  manage  exposures  that  arise  from  business 
activities  that  result  in  the  receipt  or  payment  of  future  known  and  uncertain  cash  amounts,  the  value  of  which  are 
determined  by  interest  rates.  The  Company’s  derivative  financial  instruments  are  used  to  manage  differences  in  the 
amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments 
principally related to the Company’s loan portfolio. 

The  Company’s  objectives  in  using  interest  rate  derivatives  are  to  add  stability  to  interest  expense  and  to  manage  its 
exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part 
of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company engages in far value hedges, cash flow hedges and freestanding 
derivatives.

78

    
    
Fair Values of Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

The tables below present the fair value of the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities as well as their classification on 
the consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Cash flow hedges - interest rate products

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products

(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Fair value hedges - interest rate products
Cash flow hedges - interest rate products

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products
Other contracts

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Notional
     Amount

Fair Value
Assets

Notional
     Amount

Fair Value
Assets

$

150,000

$

12,492

$

150,000

$

17,874

1,682,961

114,671

1,594,356

137,335

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Notional
     Amount

Fair Value

Notional
     Liabilities      Amount

Fair Value
Liabilities

$

500,000
200,000

$

6,594
5,031

$

— $
—

—
—

1,682,961
93,891

114,671
24

1,594,356
71,103

137,335
33

Effect of Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedge Accounting on the Consolidated Statements of Operations

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of 
operations as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded

$

561

$

2,275

$

— $

—

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Interest
Income

Interest
Expense

Interest
Income

Interest
Expense

The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest contracts

Hedged items        
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments        

Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
Interest contracts

Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income      

Fair Value Hedges

6,591
(6,030)

—
—

—

2,275

—
—

—

—
—

1,134

The Company uses fair value hedges to protect against changes in fair value of certain interest rate sensitive assets. Interest 
rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for 
the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying 
notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting 
loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income.

In October 2023, the Company entered into interest rate swaps with a notional amount totaling $500.0 million which was 
designated as a fair value hedge on a closed pool of certain fixed rate loans that are settled daily to market. As of December 
31, 2023, the Company posted $6.5 million to the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") clearing house related to the 

79

    
  
  
  
  
  
  
fair value derivatives settled daily to market. The Company pays an average fixed rate of 4.82% and receives a floating 
rate  based  on  the  US  federal funds  effective  rate  for  the  life  of  the  agreement  without an  exchange  of  the  underlying 
notional amount. For derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivatives as well as the 
loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings.

The amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of the fixed rate mortgage loans on December 31, 2023 totaled $729.5
million. The amount identified as the last-of-layer in the open hedge relationship was $500.0 million, which is the amount 
of  loans  in  the  closed  portfolio  anticipated  to  be  outstanding  for the  designated  hedge  period.  The  basis  adjustment 
associated with the hedge was a $6.6 million asset as of December 31, 2023, which would be allocated across the entire 
remaining closed pool upon termination or maturity of the hedged relationship.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a $561 thousand credit from the swap transaction as a 
component of interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

As of December 31, 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated statements of financial condition
related to cumulative basis adjustment for fair value hedges:

Year Ended December 31,

2023
Cumulative Amount of 
Fair Value Hedging 
Adjustment Included in 
the Carrying Amount of 
the Hedged Assets

2022
Cumulative Amount of 
Fair Value Hedging 
Adjustment Included in 
the Carrying Amount of 
the Hedged Assets

Carrying 
Amount of the 
Hedged Assets

$

6,591

$

— $

—

Carrying 
Amount of the 
Hedged Assets
506,591

$

(Dollars in thousands)
Fixed Rate Loans

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company uses cash flow hedges to protect against variability in cash flows associated with existing or forecasted 
issuances  of  short-term  borrowing.  Cash  flow  hedges  on  liabilities  involve  the  receipt  of  variable  amounts  from  a 
counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange 
of the underlying notional amount.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is 
recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the 
same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive 
income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s 
debt.  During  the  next  twelve months,  the  Company  estimates  that  an  additional $6.4 million will  be  reclassified  as  a
decrease to interest expense.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not terminate any derivatives. During the year 
ended December 31, 2021, the Company terminated 34 derivatives with notional values totaling $785.0 million, resulting 
in a termination value of $16.5 million which was recognized in loss on termination of derivatives in non-interest income.  

The table below presents the effect of the cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive loss as of 
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. 

(In thousands)
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Gain recognized on termination of derivatives
(Loss) gain reclassified from other comprehensive income into interest expense

$

All cash flow hedges are recorded gross on the statement of financial condition. 

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

$

$

14,412
—
1,621

5,277
16,505
(940)

2023
(11,782)
—
(2,092)

Certain cash flow hedges involve derivative agreements with third-party counterparties that contain provisions requiring 
the Bank to post cash collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 
the Company received $13.5 million and $17.8 million, respectively, in collateral from its third-party counterparties under 

80

    
    
    
    
the agreements in a net asset position. Additionally, the Bank entered certain cash flow hedges that are CME exchanged 
and settled daily to market. As of December 31, 2023, the Company posted $4.9 million to the CME clearing house that 
are accounted for as settlements of the derivative liabilities.

Freestanding Derivatives

The Company maintains an interest-rate risk protection program for its loan portfolio in order to offer loan level derivatives 
with certain borrowers and to generate loan level derivative income. The Company enters into interest rate swap or interest 
rate floor agreements with borrowers. These interest rate derivatives are designed such that the borrower synthetically 
attains a fixed-rate loan, while the Company receives floating rate loan payments. The Company offsets the loan level 
interest rate swap exposure by entering into an offsetting interest rate swap or interest rate floor with an unaffiliated and 
reputable bank counterparty. These interest rate derivatives do not qualify as designated hedges, under ASC 815; therefore, 
each  interest  rate  derivative  is  accounted  for  as  a  freestanding  derivative.  The  notional  amounts  of  the  interest  rate 
derivatives do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the 
notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest rate derivative agreements. The following tables reflect 
freestanding derivatives included in the consolidated statements of financial condition as of the dates indicated:  

(In thousands)
Included in derivative assets/(liabilities):
Loan level interest rate swaps with borrower
Loan level interest rate swaps with borrower
Loan level interest rate floors with borrower
Loan level interest rate floors with borrower
Loan level interest rate swaps with third-party counterparties
Loan level interest rate swaps with third-party counterparties
Loan level interest rate floors with third-party counterparties
Loan level interest rate floors with third-party counterparties

(In thousands)
Included in derivative assets/(liabilities):
Loan level interest rate swaps with borrower
Loan level interest rate swaps with borrower
Loan level interest rate floors with borrower
Loan level interest rate swaps with third-party counterparties
Loan level interest rate swaps with third-party counterparties
Loan level interest rate floors with third-party counterparties

December 31, 2023

Notional
     Count      Amount

Fair Value Fair Value
     Liabilities

     Assets

49
178
2
7
49
178
2
7

$

491,394
1,121,085
29,721
40,761
491,394
1,121,085
29,721
40,761

$ 10,985
—
—
—
—
103,570
—
116

$

—
103,570
—
116
10,985
—
—
—

December 31, 2022

Notional
     Count      Amount

Fair Value Fair Value
     Liabilities

     Assets

3
185
40
3
185
40

$

53,311
1,214,736
326,309
53,311
1,214,736
326,309

$

1,524
—
—
—
126,751
9,060

$

—
126,751
9,060
1,524
—
—

Loan level derivative income is recognized on the mark-to-market of the interest rate swap as a fair value adjustment at 
the time the transaction is closed. Total loan level derivative income is included in non-interest income as follows:

(In thousands)
Loan level derivative income

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

2023

$

7,081

$

3,637

$

2,909

The interest rate swap product with the borrower is cross collateralized with the underlying loan and, therefore, there is no
posted collateral. Certain interest rate swap agreements with third-party counterparties contain provisions that require the 
Company to post collateral if the derivative exposure exceeds a threshold amount and receive collateral for agreements in 
a net asset position. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company did not post collateral to its third-
party  counterparties. As  of  December  31,  2021,  posted  collateral  was  $14.0 million.  As  of  December  31,  2023,  the 
Company  received  $94.7 million in collateral  from  its  third-party  counterparties  under  the  agreements  in  a  net  asset 
position. As of December 31, 2022, the Company received $135.3 million in collateral from its third-party counterparties 
under the agreements in a net asset position.

81

    
Risk Participation Agreements

The Company enters into risk participation agreements to manage economic risks but does not designate the instruments 
in  hedge  relationships.  As  of  December  31,  2023  and  December  31,  2022,  the  notional  amounts  of  risk  participation 
agreements  for  derivative  liabilities  were  $93.9 million  and  $71.1 million,  respectively.  The  related  fair  values  of  the 
Company’s risk participation agreements were immaterial as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

Credit Risk Related Contingent Features

The Company’s agreements with each of  its derivative counterparties state that if the  Company defaults on any of its 
indebtedness,  it  could  also  be  declared  in  default  on  its  derivative  obligations  and  could  be  required  to  terminate  its 
derivative positions with the counterparty.

The Company’s agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties state that if the Bank fails to maintain its status as 
a well-capitalized institution, the Bank could be required to terminate its derivative positions with the counterparty.

For derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance 
risk, any breach of the above provisions by the Company may require settlement of its obligations under the agreements 
at the termination value with the respective counterparty. As of December 31, 2023, there were no derivatives in a net 
liability position, and therefore the termination value was zero. There were no provisions breached for the year ended 
December 31, 2023. 

13. FHLBNY ADVANCES

The Bank had borrowings from the FHLBNY (“Advances”) totaling $1.31 billion and $1.13 billion at December 31, 2023 
and  2022,  respectively,  all  of  which  were fixed  rate.  In  accordance  with  its  Advances, Collateral  Pledge  and  Security 
Agreement with the FHLBNY, the Bank was eligible to borrow or secure municipal letters of credit up to $4.09 billion as 
of  December 31,  2023  and  $4.13 billion  as  of  December 31, 2022,  and  maintained  sufficient  qualifying  collateral,  as 
defined by the FHLBNY. We pledge real estate loans including Residential, Multifamily and CRE. At December 31, 2023 
there were no callable Advances and the Bank had $1.19 billion of remaining borrowing capacity through the FHLBNY.  

During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  did  not  have  any  prepayment  penalty  expense 
recognized as a loss on extinguishment of debt. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s prepayment 
penalty expense was recognized as a loss on extinguishment of debt. 

The following table is a summary of FHLBNY extinguishments for the periods presented:

(Dollars in thousands)
FHLBNY advances extinguished
Weighted average rate
Loss on extinguishment of debt

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

-
- %
-

$

$

-
- %
-

$

$

$

$

2021

209,010

1.31 %

1,751

The following table presents the contractual maturities of FHLBNY advances for each of the next five years. There were 
no FHLBNY advances with an overnight contractual maturity at December 31, 2023 or 2022.  

(Dollars in thousands)
2023, fixed rate at rates from 3.85% to 5.65%
2024, fixed rate at rates from 4.85% to 5.67%
2027, fixed rate at 4.25%
2028, fixed rate at 4.04%
Total FHLBNY advances

December 31,

2023

2022

—
1,265,000
36,000
12,000
1,313,000

$

1,095,000
—
36,000
—
1,131,000

$

Total FHLBNY advances had a weighted average interest rate of 5.23% and 4.55% at December 31, 2023 and December 
31, 2022, respectively.

82

    
    
    
14. SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

On May 6, 2022, the Company issued $160.0 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated 
notes due 2032 (“the Notes”).  The Notes are callable at par after five years, have a stated maturity of May 15, 2032 and 
bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 5.00% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of 
each year, commencing on November 15, 2022. The last interest payment for the fixed rate period will be May 15, 2027. 
From and including May 15, 2027 to, but excluding the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset 
quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the benchmark rate (which is expected to be Three-Month Term SOFR) plus 
218 basis  points,  payable  quarterly  in  arrears  on  February  15,  May  15,  August  15  and  November  15  of  each  year, 
commencing on August 15, 2027.  

The Company used the net proceeds of the offering for the repayment of $115.0 million of the Company’s 4.50% fixed-
to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2027 on June 15, 2022, and $40.0 million of the Company’s 5.25% fixed-to-floating 
rate subordinated debentures due 2025 on June 30, 2022. The repayment of the subordinated notes due 2027 resulted in a 
pre-tax write-off of debt issuance costs of $740 thousand, which was recognized in loss on extinguishment of debt in non-
interest expense. 

The remaining $40.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures were issued by the Company in September 
2015, are callable at par after ten years, have a stated maturity of September 30, 2030, and bear interest at a fixed annual 
rate  of  5.75% per year,  for  the  first  five  years.  From  and  including  September 30,  2025  to  the  maturity  date  or  early 
redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month CME 
Term SOFR plus 372 basis points. 

The  subordinated debentures  totaled  $200.2 million  at  December  31, 2023 and  $200.3 million  at  December 31,  2022. 
Interest expense related to the subordinated debt was $10.2 million, $10.6 million and $8.5 million during the years ended 
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The subordinated debentures are included in tier 2 capital (with certain 
limitations applicable) under current regulatory guidelines and interpretations.

15. OTHER SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

The following is a summary of other short-term borrowings:  

(In thousands)

Repurchase agreements

Other short-term borrowings

Repurchase Agreements

December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

— $

— $

1,360

1,360

The Bank utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) as part of its borrowing policy 
to add liquidity. Repurchase agreements represent funds received from customers, generally on an overnight basis, which 
are  collateralized  by  investment  securities,  of  which  100% were  pass-through  MBS  issued  by  GSEs.  There  were  no
repurchase agreements at December 31, 2023. 

Repurchase agreements are financing arrangements that at maturity, the securities underlying the agreements are returned 
to the Bank. The primary risk associated with these secured borrowings is the requirement to pledge a market value-based 
balance of collateral in excess of the borrowed amount. The excess collateral pledged represents an unsecured exposure to 
the lending counterparty. As the market value of the collateral changes, both through changes in discount rates and spreads 
as well as related cash flows, additional collateral may need to be pledged. In accordance with the Bank’s policies, eligible 
counterparties are defined and monitored to minimize exposure.

There  was  no interest  expense  on  repurchase  agreements  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023.  Interest  expense  on 
repurchase agreements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1 thousand, respectively. 

83

AFX

The Bank is a member of AFX, through which it may either borrow or lend funds on an overnight or short-term basis with 
other  member  institutions.  The  availability  of  funds  changes  daily.  Interest  expense  on AFX  borrowings  for  the years
ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $101 thousand, $1.4 million, and $1 thousand, respectively. 

16. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s consolidated Federal, State and City income tax provisions were comprised of the following:

(In thousands)
Current expense

Federal
State and city
Total current expense

Deferred expense

Federal
State and city
Total deferred expense

Total

2023

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2021

$

$

24,469
15,681
40,150

1,393
(758)
635
40,785

$

$

39,492
17,205
56,697

840
1,822
2,662
59,359

$

$

23,759
11,815
35,574

5,490
3,106
8,596
44,170

The preceding table excludes tax effects recorded directly to stockholders’ equity in connection with unrealized gains and 
losses on securities available-for-sale (including losses on such securities upon their transfer to held-to-maturity), interest 
rate derivatives, and adjustments to other comprehensive income relating to the minimum pension liability, unrecognized 
gains of pension and other postretirement obligations and changes in the non-credit component of OTTI. These tax effects 
are  disclosed  as  part  of  the  presentation  of  the  consolidated  statements  of  changes  in  stockholders’  equity  and 
comprehensive income.

The provision for income taxes differed from that computed at the Federal statutory rate as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Tax at federal statutory rate
State and local taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
Benefit plan differences
Investment in BOLI
Equity based compensation
Salaries deduction limitation
Transaction costs
Other, net
Total
Effective tax rate

$

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,
2022
44,502
13,699
(127)
(2,173)
(141)
2,054
—
1,545
59,359
$
28.01 %  

2023
28,745
12,237
(127)
(2,047)
79
2,381
—
(483)
40,785
29.80 %  

2021
31,115
11,601
(107)
(1,485)
(301)
3,419
181
(253)
44,170
29.81 %

$

The increase in effective tax rate in 2023 was primarily the result of an increase in the Section 162M limitation due to 
executive severance. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax 
bases of assets and liabilities. The components of Federal, State and City deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as
follows:

84

    
    
    
    
    
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses and other contingent liabilities
Tax effect of other components of income on securities available-for-sale 
Tax effect of other components of income on securities held-to-maturity
Operating lease liability
Other
Total deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax effect of other components of income on derivatives
Employee benefit plans
Tax effect of purchase accounting fair value adjustments
Difference in book and tax carrying value of fixed assets
Difference in book and tax basis of unearned loan fees
Operating lease asset
States taxes
Other
Total deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax asset (recorded in other assets)

December 31,

2023

2022

26,926
34,745
7,216
19,229
2,603
90,719

2,368
1,707
1,329
2,230
3,239
18,266
2,166
241
31,546
59,173

$

$

28,175
38,140
8,138
19,256
2,074
95,783

5,394
976
2,352
4,261
2,431
18,414
2,801
1,002
37,631
58,152

$

$

The Company and its subsidiary are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of the State of New York, 
City of New York and the State of New Jersey. 

Under generally accepted accounting principles, the Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income 
taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to 
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled.

No valuation allowances were recognized on deferred tax assets during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022, since, 
at each period end, it was deemed more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would be fully realized.

In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired a federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforward subject to Internal 
Revenue Code Section 382. The Company recorded a deferred tax asset that it expects to realize within the carryforward 
period. At December 31, 2023, the remaining federal NOL carryforward was $2.2 million. At December 31, 2023, the 
Company had a New York State NOL carryforward of $543 thousand, and recorded a deferred tax asset that it expects to 
recover within the carryforward period. At December 31, 2023, the Company had a New York City NOL carryforward 
balance of zero. The New York State NOLs at December 31, 2023 included NOLs acquired in connection with the Merger.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank had accumulated bad debt reserves totaling $15.1 million for which no provision 
for income tax was required to be recorded. These bad debt reserves could be subject to recapture into taxable income 
under certain circumstances, including a distribution of the bad debt benefits to the Holding Company or the failure of the 
Bank to qualify as a bank for federal income tax purposes. Should the reserves as of December 31, 2023 be fully recaptured, 
the Bank would recognize $4.8 million in additional income tax expense. The Company expects to take no action in the 
foreseeable future that would require the establishment of a tax liability associated with these bad debt reserves.

The Company is subject to regular examination by various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which it conducts significant 
business  operations.  The  Company  regularly  assesses  the  likelihood  of  additional  examinations  in  each  of  the  tax 
jurisdictions resulting from ongoing assessments.

Under current accounting rules, all tax positions adopted are subjected to two levels of evaluation. Initially, a determination 
is made, based on the technical merits of the position, as to whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be 
sustained  upon  examination,  including  resolution  of  any  related  appeals  or  litigation  processes.  In  conducting  this 
evaluation, management is required to presume that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority 
possessing full knowledge of all relevant information. The second level of evaluation is the measurement of a tax position 
that satisfies the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. This measurement is performed in order to determine the 
amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit 
that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as 

85

    
    
  
  
  
of December 31, 2023 or 2022. The Company does not anticipate any material change to unrecognized tax benefits during 
the year ended December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2023, the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, remained subject to examination 
by all of the Company's relevant tax jurisdictions. The Company is currently not under audit in any taxing jurisdictions.

17. MERGER RELATED EXPENSES

Merger-related  expenses  were  recorded  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations as  a  component  of  non-interest 
expense and include costs relating to the Merger, as described in Note 2. Merger. These charges represent one-time costs 
associated  with  merger  activities  and  do  not  represent  ongoing costs  of  the  fully  integrated  combined  organization.
Accounting  guidance  requires  that  merger-related  transactional  and  restructuring  costs  incurred  by  the Company  be 
charged to expense as incurred. There were no costs associated with merger expenses and transaction costs for the year 
ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Costs associated with employee severance and other merger-related 
compensation expense incurred in connection with the Merger totaled $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 
and  were  recorded  in  merger  expenses  and  transaction  costs  expense  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations. 
Transaction costs (inclusive of costs to terminate leases) in connection with the Merger totaled $28.9 million, for the year 
ended December 31, 2021, and were recorded in merger expenses and transaction costs in the consolidated statements of 
operations.  

18. BRANCH RESTRUCTURING COSTS

On June 29, 2021, the Company issued a press release announcing that the Bank planned to combine five branch locations 
into other existing branches. The combinations took place in October 2021. Costs associated with early lease terminations 
and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets totaled $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and were recorded 
in branch restructuring costs in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no branch restructuring costs for the 
years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022.

19. RETIREMENT AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS 

The Bank maintains two noncontributory pension plans that existed before the Merger: (i) the Retirement Plan of Dime 
Community Bank (“Employee Retirement Plan”) and (ii) the BNB Bank Pension Plan, covering all eligible employees. 
Bank of America, N.A. (“BANA”) was the Trustee for the Employee Retirement Plan and BNB Bank Pension Plan assets 
as of December 31, 2023.  Pentegra Retirement Trust was the trustee for the Employee Retirement Plan prior to the transfer 
to BANA during the year ended December 31, 2021. The assets of both plans are overseen by the Retirement Committee 
(“Committee”),  comprised  of  management,  who  meet  quarterly  and  set  investment  policy  guidelines.  Merrill  Lynch, 
Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. (“MLPF&S”) and Blackrock are the investment managers of the assets of both plans. The 
Committee meets with representatives of MLPF&S and reviews the performance of the plan assets. Pension plan assets 
include cash and cash equivalents, equities and fixed income securities.  

Employee Retirement Plan

The Bank sponsors the Employee Retirement Plan, a tax-qualified, noncontributory, defined-benefit retirement plan. Prior 
to  April 1,  2000,  substantially  all  full-time  employees  of  at  least  21 years  of  age  were  eligible  for  participation  after 
one year of service. Effective April 1, 2000, the Bank froze all participant benefits under the Employee Retirement Plan. 
On December 21, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a resolution to terminate the Employee Retirement 
Plan effective December 31, 2023. Retirement benefits of the plan were vested as they were earned. For the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank used December 31 as its measurement date for the Employee Retirement Plan.  

86

The funded status of the Employee Retirement Plan was as follows:

(In thousands)
Reconciliation of projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
Interest cost
Actuarial (gain) loss
Benefit payments
Projected benefit obligation at end of year

Plan assets at fair value (investments in trust funds managed by trustee)
Balance at beginning of year
Return on plan assets
Benefit payments
Balance at end of year
Funded status at end of year

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

19,021
900
384
(1,584)
18,721

22,593
294
(1,584)
21,303
2,582

$

$

24,961
622
(5,004)
(1,558)
19,021

28,693
(4,542)
(1,558)
22,593
3,572

The net periodic cost for the Employee Retirement Plan included the following components:

(In thousands)
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Amortization of unrealized loss
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

$

900
(1,521)
572
(49)

$

$

622
(1,949)
261
(1,066)

$

$

562
(1,846)
824
(460)

The change in accumulated other comprehensive loss that resulted from the Employee Retirement Plan is summarized as 
follows:

(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
Amortization of unrealized loss
Loss recognized during the year
Balance at the end of the period
Period end component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$
$

(5,323)
572
(1,612)
(6,363)
4,343

$

$
$

(4,097)
261
(1,487)
(5,323)
3,649

Major assumptions utilized to determine the net periodic cost of the Employee Retirement Plan benefit obligations were 
as follows:

At or for the Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

Discount rate used for net periodic benefit cost
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation at period end
Expected long-term return on plan assets used for net periodic benefit cost
Expected long-term return on plan assets used to determine benefit obligation at 
period end

4.90 %  
4.70
7.00

2.55 %  
4.90
7.00

2.15 %
2.55
7.00

7.00

7.00

7.00

Plan Assets

At December 31, 2023, the Employee Retirement Plan’s assets included included debt securities. Debt securities include 
corporate bonds, government issues, mortgage-backed securities, high yield securities and mutual funds.

The weighted average expected long-term rate of return is estimated based on current trends in Employee Retirement Plan 
assets, as well as projected future rates of return on those assets and reasonable actuarial assumptions based on the guidance 
provided by Actuarial Standard of Practice No. 27 for the real and nominal rate of investment return for a specific mix of 
asset  classes.  The  long-term  rate  of  return  considers  historical  returns  for  the  S&P  500  index  and  corporate  bonds 
representing cumulative returns of approximately 9.0% and 5.0%, respectively. These returns were considered along with 

87

    
    
  
  
    
    
    
    
the target allocations of asset categories. When these overall return expectations were applied to the Employee Retirement 
Plan’s target allocation, the expected annual rate of return was determined to be 7.00% at both December 31, 2023 and 
2022. 

The Bank did not make any contributions to the Employee Retirement Plan during the year ended December 31, 2023. 
The Bank does not expect to make contributions to the Employee Retirement Plan during the year ending December 31, 
2024. 

The weighted-average allocation by asset category of the assets of the Employee Retirement Plan was summarized as 
follows:

Asset category:
Equity securities
Debt securities
Cash equivalents
Total

December 31,

2023

2022

— %  
100
—
100 %  

51 %
47
2
100 %

The  allocation percentages  in  the  above  table  were  consistent  with  future  planned  allocation percentages  as  of 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The  following  tables  present  a  summary  of  the  Employee  Retirement  Plan’s  investments  measured  at  fair  value  on  a 
recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated. (See Note 24 for a discussion of the fair 
value hierarchy).

(In thousands)
Description:
Cash and cash equivalents
Fixed income securities:

Government

Total Plan Assets

(In thousands)
Description:
Cash and cash equivalents
Equities:

U.S. large cap
U.S. mid cap/small cap
International
Equities blend

Fixed income securities:

Corporate
Government
Mortgage-backed
High yield bonds and bond funds

Total Plan Assets

December 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements Using:

Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical

Significant
Other
Observable

Significant
Unobservable

     Assets (Level 1)

    Inputs (Level 2)    Inputs (Level 3)     Total

$

$

— $

21,245
21,245

$

58

—
58

$

$

— $

58

—
21,245
— $ 21,303

December 31, 2022
Fair Value Measurements Using:

Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical

Significant
Other
Observable

Significant
Unobservable

     Assets (Level 1)

    Inputs (Level 2)    Inputs (Level 3)     Total

— $

541

$

— $

541

8,398
2,348
2,718
192

—
2,527
—
—
16,183

$

—
—
—
—

1,305
—
586
3,978
6,410

$

—
—
—
—

8,398
2,348
2,718
192

—
1,305
—
2,527
—
586
3,978
—
— $ 22,593

$

$

88

    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Benefit payments for the fiscal year ending December 31st are anticipated to be made as follows:

(In thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 to 2033

BNB Bank Pension Plan

$

1,526
1,518
1,475
1,447
1,401
6,621

During 2012, Bridge amended the BNB Bank Pension Plan by revising the formula for determining benefits effective 
January 1, 2013, except for certain grandfathered Bridge employees. Additionally, new Bridge employees hired on or after 
October 1, 2012 were not eligible for the BNB Bank Pension Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Bank used 
December 31 as its measurement date for the BNB Bank Pension Plan. Effective December 31, 2023, the Bank froze all 
participant  benefits  under  the  BNB  Pension  Plan,  the  impact  of  which  is  reflected  in  the  recorded  curtailment  as  of 
December 31, 2023. On December 21, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a resolution to terminate the BNB 
Bank Pension Plan effective December 31, 2023. Retirement benefits of the plan were vested as they were earned.

The funded status of the BNB Bank Pension Plan was as follows:

(In thousands)
Reconciliation of projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial gain
Curtailment
Benefit payments
Projected benefit obligation at end of year

Plan assets at fair value (investments in trust funds managed by trustee)
Balance at beginning of year
Return on plan assets
Benefit payments
Balance at end of year
Funded status at end of year

The net periodic cost for the BNB Bank Pension Plan included the following components:

(In thousands)
Service cost
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
Net periodic benefit credit

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

27,920
564
1,263
(883)
(446)
(1,136)
27,282

38,572
734
(1,136)
38,170
10,888

$

$

34,495
807
793
(7,111)
—
(1,064)
27,920

47,857
(8,221)
(1,064)
38,572
10,652

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$

$

564
1,263
(2,760)

(933) $

807
793
(3,441)
(1,841)

89

    
  
  
  
  
  
The change in accumulated other comprehensive income that resulted from the BNB Bank Pension Plan is summarized as 
follows:

(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
Loss recognized during the year
Balance at the end of the period
Period end component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

$

$
$

(2,358) $
(698)
(3,056) $
$
2,087

2,193
(4,551)
(2,358)
1,617

Major assumptions utilized to determine the net periodic cost of the BNB Bank Pension Plan benefit obligations were as 
follows:

Discount rate used for net periodic benefit cost
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation at period end
Expected long-term return on plan assets used for net periodic benefit cost
Expected long-term return on plan assets used to determine benefit obligation at 
period end

Plan Assets

At or for the Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

4.98 %  
4.79
7.25

7.25

2.69 %
4.98
7.25

7.25

At December 31, 2023, the BNB Bank Pension Plan’s assets included cash equivalents and debt securities. 

The weighted average expected long-term rate of return is estimated based on current trends in BNB Bank Pension Plan 
assets, as well as projected future rates of return on those assets and reasonable actuarial assumptions based on the guidance 
provided by Actuarial Standard of Practice No. 27 for the real and nominal rate of investment return for a specific mix of 
asset  classes.  The  long-term  rate  of  return  considers  historical  returns  for  the  S&P  500  index  and  corporate  bonds 
representing cumulative returns of approximately 9.0% and 5.0%, respectively. These returns were considered along with 
the target allocations of asset categories. When these overall return expectations were applied to the BNB Bank Pension 
Plan’s target allocation, the expected annual rate of return was determined to be 7.25% at December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

The Bank did not make any contributions to the BNB Bank Pension Plan during the year ended December 31, 2023. The 
Bank does not expect to make contributions to the BNB Bank Pension Plan during the year ending December 31, 2024. 

The weighted-average allocation by asset category of the assets of the BNB Bank Pension Plan was summarized as follows:

Asset category:
Equity securities
Debt securities
Cash equivalents
Total

December 31,

2023

2022

- %

99
1
100 %  

51 %
46
3
100 %  

90

    
    
    
  
  
The following tables present a summary of the BNB Bank Pension Plan’s investments measured at fair value on a recurring 
basis by level within the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated. (See Note 24 for a discussion of the fair value 
hierarchy).

(In thousands)
Description:
Cash and cash equivalents
Fixed income securities:

Government

Total Plan Assets

(In thousands)
Description:
Cash and cash equivalents
Equities:

U.S. large cap
U.S. mid cap/small cap
International
Equities blend

Fixed income securities:

Corporate
Government
Mortgage-backed
High yield bonds and bond funds

Total Plan Assets

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2023

Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical

Significant
Other
Observable

Significant
Unobservable

     Assets (Level 1)

    Inputs (Level 2)    Inputs (Level 3)     Total

$

$

— $

37,853
37,853

$

317

—
317

$

$

— $

317

—
37,853
— $ 38,170

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2022

Quoted
Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical

Significant
Other
Observable

Significant
Unobservable

     Assets (Level 1)

    Inputs (Level 2)    Inputs (Level 3)     Total

$

$

— $

1,001

$

— $ 1,001

14,310
4,094
4,658
308

—
4,275
—
—
27,645

—
—
—
—

2,203
—
979
6,744
10,927

$

$

—
—
—
—

14,310
4,094
4,658
308

2,203
—
4,275
—
979
—
—
6,744
— $ 38,572

Benefit payments for the fiscal year ending December 31st are anticipated to be made as follows:

(In thousands)
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029 to 2033

401(k) Plan

$

1,298
1,379
1,501
1,477
1,529
9,075

The  Company  maintains  a  401(k)  Plan  (the  “401(k)  Plan”)  that  existed  before  the  Merger.  The  401(k) Plan  covers 
substantially all current employees. Newly hired employees are automatically enrolled in the plan on the first day of the 
month following the 60th day of employment, unless they elect not to participate. Participants may contribute a portion of 
their  pre-tax  base  salary,  generally  not  to  exceed  $22,500 for  the  calendar year  ended  December  31,  2023.  Under  the 
provisions  of  the  401(k) plan,  employee  contributions  are  partially  matched  by  the  Bank  as  follows:  100% of  each 
employee’s contributions up to 1% of each employee’s compensation plus 50% of each employee’s contributions over 1%
but  not  in  excess  of  6% of  each  employee’s  compensation  for  a  maximum  contribution  of  3.5% of  a  participating 
employee’s  compensation.  Participants  can  invest  their  account  balances  into  several  investment  alternatives.  The 
401(k) plan does not allow for investment in the Company’s common stock. Legacy Dime employees were allowed to 
rollover Company common stock shares in-kind held in the former Dime Community Bank KSOP Plan (“Dime KSOP 
Plan”) and hold in the 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) held Company common stock within the accounts of participants totaling 
$6.3 million and $7.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Total expense recognized as a component of 

91

  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
salaries and employee benefits expense for the 401(k) Plan was $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023
and $2.3 million during the years December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. 

Dime KSOP Plan

The Dime Community Bank KSOP Plan (“Dime KSOP Plan”) was terminated by resolution of the Legacy Dime Board 
of Directors.  The effective date of the Dime KSOP Plan termination was February 1, 2021, the date of the Merger. As 
such, all participants were required to transfer their assets out of the Dime KSOP Plan.  The KSOP held Legacy Dime 
common stock within the accounts of participants totaling $40 thousand at December 31, 2021. During the year ended 
December 31, 2021, total expense recognized as a component of salaries and employee benefits expense for the Dime 
KSOP Plan was $338 thousand. 

BMP and Outside Director Retirement Plan  

The Holding Company and Bank maintained the BMP, which existed in order to compensate executive officers for any 
curtailments in benefits due to statutory limitations on benefit plans. Benefit accruals under the defined benefit portion of 
the BMP were suspended on April 1, 2000, when they were suspended under the Employee Retirement Plan.

Effective July 1, 1996, the Company established the Outside Director Retirement Plan to provide benefits to each eligible 
outside director commencing upon the earlier of termination of Board service or at age 75. The Outside Director Retirement 
Plan was frozen on March 31, 2005, and only outside directors serving prior to that date are eligible for benefits.

As of December 31, 2021, the Bank used December 31st as its measurement date for both the BMP and Outside Director 
Retirement Plan.

In connection with the Merger, the Outside Director Retirement Plan and the BMP were terminated, resulting in lump sum 
payments to the participants in the amounts of $2.8 million for the Outside Director Retirement Plan and $6.2 million for 
the BMP. The total expense recognized as a curtailment loss during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $1.5 million.

The combined funded status of the defined benefit portions of the BMP and the Director Retirement Plan was as follows:

(In thousands)
Reconciliation of projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
Interest cost
Benefit payments
Actuarial (gain) loss
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
Plan assets at fair value:
Balance at beginning of year
Contributions
Benefit payments
Balance at end of period
Funded status at end of year

Year Ended

     December 31, 2021

$

$

9,328
12
(9,063)
(277)
—

—
9,063
(9,063)
—
—

The combined net periodic cost for the defined benefit portions of the BMP and the Director Retirement Plan included the 
following components:

Year Ended

(In thousands)
Interest cost
Curtailment loss
Amortization of unrealized loss
Net periodic benefit cost

92

$

     December 31, 2021
12
1,543
—
1,555

$

  
  
The combined change in accumulated other comprehensive loss that resulted from the BMP and Director Retirement Plan 
is summarized as follows:

Year Ended

(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year
Amortization of unrealized loss
Gain (loss) recognized during the year
Curtailment credit
Balance at the end of year
Period end component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax

Postretirement Benefit Plan

$

     December 31, 2021
(1,820)
—
277
1,543
—
—

$
$

The Bank offered the Postretirement Benefit Plan to its retired employees who provided at least five consecutive years of 
credited service and were active employees prior to April 1, 1991. Postretirement Benefit Plan benefits were available only 
to full-time employees who commence or commenced collecting retirement benefits from the Retirement Plan immediately 
upon termination of service from the Bank. The Postretirement Benefit Plan was amended effective March 31, 2015 to 
eliminate plan participation for post-amendment retirees. The plan was terminated during the year ended December 31, 
2020.

The funded status of the Postretirement Benefit Plan was as follows:

(In thousands)
Reconciliation of projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
Interest cost
Actuarial loss
Curtailment gain
Benefit payments
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
Plan assets at fair value:
Balance at beginning of year
Contributions
Benefit payments
Balance at end of period
Funded status at end of year

20. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Year Ended

     December 31, 2021

$

$

13
—
—
—
(13)
—

—
13
(13)
—
—

Before the Merger, Bridge and Legacy Dime granted share-based awards under their respective stock-based compensation 
plans, (collectively, the “Legacy Stock Plans”), which are both subject to the accounting requirements of ASC 718.   

In May 2021, the Company’s shareholders approved the Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan 
(the “2021 Equity Incentive Plan”) to provide the Company with sufficient equity compensation to meet the objectives of 
appropriately incentivizing its officers, other employees, and directors to execute our strategic plan to build shareholder 
value, while providing appropriate shareholder protections. The Company no longer makes grants under the Legacy Stock 
Plans. Awards outstanding under the Legacy Stock Plans will continue to remain outstanding and subject to the terms and 
conditions of the Legacy Stock Plans. At December 31, 2023, there were 638,799 shares reserved for issuance under the 
2021 Equity Incentive Plan.

In  connection  with  the  Merger,  all  outstanding  stock options  granted  under  Legacy  Dime’s  equity plans,  were  legally 
assumed by the combined company and adjusted so that its holder is entitled to receive a number of shares of Dime’s 
common stock equal to the product of (a) the number of shares of Legacy Dime common stock subject to such award 
multiplied by (b) the Exchange Ratio and (c) rounded, as applicable, to the nearest whole share, and otherwise subject to 
the same terms and conditions (including, without limitation, with respect to vesting conditions (taking into account any 
vesting that occurred at the Merger Date). 

93

  
In connection with the Merger, all outstanding stock options and time-vesting restricted stock units of Bridge, which we 
refer to as the Bridge equity awards, which were outstanding immediately before the Merger Date continue to be awards 
in respect of Dime common stock following the Merger, subject to the same terms and conditions that were applicable to 
such awards before the Merger Date. 

Stock Option Activity

The following table presents a summary of activity related to stock options granted under the Legacy Stock Plans, and 
changes during the period then ended:

     Weighted-     
Average
Remaining
Weighted-
Number of Average Exercise Contractual
Price

Years

Aggregate
Intrinsic
     Value

(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Options outstanding at January 1, 2023
Options exercised
Options forfeited
Options outstanding at December 31, 2023
Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023

     Options     
$

92,137
—
(65,142)
26,995
26,995

$
$

35.39
—
35.38
35.39
35.39

6.2

5.2
5.2

$
$

—

—
—

Information related to stock options during each period is as follows:

(In thousands)
Cash received for option exercise cost
Income tax (expense) benefit recognized on stock option exercises
Intrinsic value of options exercised

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

— $
—
—

— $
—
—

431
(15)
171

The range of exercise prices and weighted-average remaining contractual lives of both outstanding and vested options (by 
option exercise cost) as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:

Exercise Prices:
$34.87 
$35.35 
$36.19 
Total

Restricted Stock Awards

Outstanding Options

Vested Options

Weighted
Average
Contractual
Years

Weighted
Average
Contractual
Years

     Amount      Remaining      Amount      Remaining

10,061
9,802
7,132
26,995

6.1
5.1
4.1
5.2

10,061
9,802
7,132
26,995

6.1
5.1
4.1
5.2

The Company has made RSA grants to outside Directors and certain officers under the Legacy Stock Plans and the 2021 
Equity Incentive Plan. Typically, awards to outside Directors fully vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, while 
awards to officers vest over a pre-determined requisite period. All awards were made at the fair value of the Company’s 
common stock on the grant date. Compensation expense on all RSAs is based upon the fair value of the shares on the 
respective dates of the grant.

94

    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
The following table presents a summary of activity related to the RSAs granted, and changes during the period then ended:

Unvested allocated shares outstanding at January 1, 2023
Shares granted
Shares vested
Shares forfeited
Unvested allocated shares outstanding at December 31, 2023

Information related to RSAs during each period is as follows:

     Weighted-

Average
Grant-Date
     Fair Value

Number of
Shares

350,758
220,750
(134,648)
(80,065)
356,795

$

$

28.63
25.47
29.37
26.45
26.88

(In thousands)
Compensation expense recognized
Income tax (expense) benefit recognized on vesting of RSAs

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

$

4,003
(188)

$

3,516
(10)

$

2021

5,253
27

As of December 31, 2023, there was $5.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSAs to be 
recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years. 

Performance-Based Share Awards

The Company maintains a LTIP for certain officers, which meets the criteria for equity-based accounting. For each award, 
threshold (50% of target), target (100% of target) and stretch (150% of target) opportunities are eligible to be earned over 
a three-year performance period based on the Company’s relative performance on certain goals that were established at 
the onset of the performance period and cannot be altered subsequently. Shares of common stock are issued on the grant 
date and held as unvested stock awards until the end of the performance period. Shares are issued at the stretch opportunity 
in order to ensure that an adequate number of shares are allocated for shares expected to vest at the end of the performance 
period. Compensation expense on PSAs is based upon the fair value of the shares on the date of the grant for the expected 
aggregate share payout as of the period end.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, 195,066 shares and 60,755 shares have been granted, respectively.  

The following table presents a summary of activity related to the PSAs granted, and changes during the period then ended:

Maximum aggregate share payout at January 1, 2023
Shares granted
Shares forfeited
Maximum aggregate share payout at December 31, 2023
Minimum aggregate share payout
Expected aggregate share payout

Information related to PSAs during each period is as follows:

(In thousands)
Compensation (benefit) expense recognized
Income tax expense recognized on vesting of PSAs

     Weighted-

Average
Grant-Date
     Fair Value

Number of
Shares

95,831
195,066
(60,987)
229,910
—
210,820

$

$

$

30.35
17.69
25.21
20.97
—
20.21

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

$

635
—

$

760
193

154
—

As of December 31, 2023, there was $2.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested PSAs based 
on the expected aggregate share payout to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. 

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21. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-
average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed using the same method as basic 
EPS, but reflects the potential dilution that would occur if "in the money" stock options were exercised and converted into 
common stock, and prior to 2021, if all likely aggregate PSAs were issued. In determining the weighted average shares 
outstanding for basic and diluted EPS, treasury shares are excluded. Vested RSA shares are included in the calculation of 
the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS. Unvested RSA and PSA shares not yet awarded are 
recognized as a special class of participating securities under ASC 260, and are included in the calculation of the weighted 
average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS.

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented:

(In thousands except share and per share amounts)
Net income available to common stockholders
Less: Dividends paid and earnings allocated to participating securities
Income attributable to common stock
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, including participating securities
Less: weighted-average participating securities
Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Basic EPS

Income attributable to common stock
Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding
Weighted-average common and equivalent shares outstanding
Diluted EPS

$

$

$

$

$

2021

$

$

2023

Year Ended December 31,
2022
145,270
(1,688)
143,582
38,985,314
(446,480)
38,538,834
3.73

88,808
(1,240)
87,568
38,754,346
(566,869)
38,187,477
2.29

$

$

$

$

96,710
(1,215)
95,495
39,327,959
(425,533)
38,902,426
2.45

87,568
38,187,477
—
38,187,477
2.29

$

$

143,582
38,538,834
—
38,538,834
3.73

$

$

95,495
38,902,426
611
38,903,037
2.45

Common  and  equivalent  shares  resulting  from  the  dilutive  effect  of  "in-the-money"  outstanding  stock  options  are 
calculated based upon the excess of the average market value of the common stock over the exercise price of outstanding 
in-the-money stock options during the period.

There were 69,479, 134,447 and 167,053 weighted-average stock options outstanding for the years ended December 31, 
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which were not considered in the calculation of diluted EPS since their exercise 
prices exceeded the average market price during the period.

22. PREFERRED STOCK

On February 5, 2020, Legacy Dime completed an underwritten public offering of 2,999,200 shares, or $75.0 million in 
aggregate liquidation preference, of its 5.50% Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value 
$0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (the “Legacy Dime Preferred Stock”). The net proceeds 
received from the issuance of preferred stock at the time of closing were $72.2 million. On June 10, 2020, Legacy Dime 
completed an underwritten public offering, a reopening of the February 5, 2020 original issuance, of 2,300,000 shares, or 
$57.5 million in aggregate liquidation preference, of the Legacy Dime Preferred Stock. The net proceeds received from 
the issuance of preferred stock at the time of closing were $44.3 million. 

At the Effective Time of the Merger, each outstanding share of the Legacy Dime Preferred Stock was converted into the 
right to receive one share of a newly created series of the Company’s preferred stock having the same powers, preferences 
and rights as the Legacy Dime Preferred Stock.

The Company expects to pay dividends when, as, and if declared by its board of directors, at a fixed rate of 5.50% per 
annum, payable quarterly, in arrears, on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year. The Preferred 
Stock is perpetual and has no stated maturity. The Company may redeem the Preferred Stock at its option at a redemption 
price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any declared and unpaid dividends (without regard to any undeclared dividends), 
subject to regulatory approval, on or after June 15, 2025 or within 90 days following a regulatory capital treatment event, 
as described in the prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering.

96

    
    
    
  
  
  
23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Loan Commitments and Lines of Credit

The contractual amounts of financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

(In thousands)
Available lines of credit
Other loan commitments
Stand-by letters of credit

     Fixed Rate     Variable Rate    Fixed Rate    Variable Rate
996,029
120,899
355

$ 114,880
7,190
38,095

1,072,471
89,855
—

73,929
150,663
27,020

$

$

$

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank had outstanding firm loan commitments that were accepted by borrowers that 
aggregated to $97.0 million and $271.6 million, respectively. Substantially all of the Bank’s commitments expire within 
three months of their acceptance by the prospective borrowers. The credit risk associated with these commitments is based 
on the loan type which is comprised of multifamily residential, residential mixed-use, CRE, commercial mixed-use, C&I, 
and one-to-four family residential loans.

At December 31, 2023, the Bank had an available line of credit with the FHLBNY equal to its excess borrowing capacity. 
At December 31, 2023, this amount approximated $1.19 billion.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Bank completed a securitization of $280.2 million of its multifamily loans 
through  a  FHLMC  sponsored  “Q-deal”  securitization  completed  in  December 2017.  With  respect  to  the  securitization 
transaction, the Company also has continuing involvement through a reimbursement agreement executed with Freddie 
Mac. To the extent the ultimate resolution of defaulted loans results in contractual principal and interest payments that are
deficient, the Company is obligated to reimburse FHLMC for such amounts, not to exceed 10% of the original principal 
amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at the closing date.

Litigation

The Company is subject to certain pending and threatened legal actions which arise out of the normal course of business. 
Litigation  is  inherently  unpredictable,  particularly  in  proceedings  where  claimants  seek  substantial  or  indeterminate 
damages, or which are in their early stages. The Company cannot predict with certainty the actual loss or range of loss 
related to such legal proceedings, the manner in which they will be resolved, the timing of final resolution or the ultimate 
settlement. Consequently, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses related to such legal matters, even in 
instances where it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred. In the opinion of management, after consultation with
counsel, the resolution of all ongoing legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial 
condition  or  results  of  operations  of  the  Company.  The  Company  accounts  for  potential  losses  related  to  litigation  in 
accordance with GAAP.

24. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal 
or  most  advantageous  market  for  the  asset  or  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  on  the 
measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the reporting entity 

has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Significant other observable inputs such as any of the following: (1) quoted prices for similar assets 
or liabilities in active markets, (2) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, 
(3) inputs  other  than  quoted  prices  that  are  observable  for  the  asset  or  liability  (e.g.,  interest  rates  and  yield  curves 
observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks, and default rates), 
or (4) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means 
(market-corroborated inputs).

97

Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Significant unobservable inputs reflect the 
reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability 
(including assumptions about risk). Significant unobservable inputs shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that 
observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the 
asset or liability at the measurement date.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities

The Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value, which were determined utilizing prices obtained 
from independent parties. The valuations obtained are based upon market data, and often utilize evaluated pricing models 
that vary by asset and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. For securities that do not trade on a 
daily basis, pricing applications apply available information such as benchmarking and matrix pricing. The market inputs 
normally sought in the evaluation of securities include benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes (obtained 
only  from  market  makers  or  broker/dealers  recognized  as  market  participants),  issuer  spreads,  two-sided  markets, 
benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. For certain securities, additional inputs may be used or some market 
inputs may not be applicable. Prioritization of inputs may vary on any given day based on market conditions. 

All  MBS,  CMOs,  treasury  securities, and  agency  notes  are  guaranteed  either  implicitly  or  explicitly  by  GSEs  as  of 
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In accordance with the Company’s investment policy, corporate securities 
are rated "investment grade" at the time of purchase and the financials of the issuers are reviewed quarterly. Obtaining 
market values as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for these securities utilizing significant observable inputs 
was not difficult due to their liquid nature. 

Derivatives

Derivatives represent interest rate swaps and estimated fair values are based on valuation models using observable market 
data as of the measurement date.

The  following  tables  present financial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value on  a recurring  basis  as  of  the  dates 
indicated, segmented by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety 
based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2023 Using
Level 2
Inputs

Level 3
Inputs

Level 1
Inputs

$

— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—

9,371
234,190
151,170
205,285
259,415
26,809
7,461
114,671

6,594
114,671

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—
—

(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Securities available-for-sale:

Agency notes
Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

Derivative – cash flow hedges
Derivative – freestanding derivatives, net
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative – fair value hedges
Derivative – freestanding derivatives, net

     Total

$

$

9,371
234,190
151,170
205,285
259,415
26,809
7,461
114,671

6,594
114,671

98

    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Securities available-for-sale:

Treasury securities
Corporate securities
Pass-through MBS issued by GSEs
Agency CMOs
State and municipal obligations

Derivative – cash flow hedges
Derivative – freestanding derivatives, net
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative – freestanding derivatives, net

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2022 Using
Level 2
Inputs

Level 3
Inputs

Level 1
Inputs

     Total

$

$ 227,256
166,773
241,240
281,339
33,979
17,150
137,335

$

— $ 227,256
166,773
—
241,240
—
281,339
—
33,979
—
17,150
—
137,335
—

137,335

—

137,335

—
—
—
—
—
—
—

—

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments 
in  certain  circumstances.  Financial  assets  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  non-recurring  basis  include  certain  individually 
evaluated loans reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. 

(In thousands)
Individually evaluated loans

(In thousands)
Individually evaluated loans

December 31, 2023

Fair Value Measurements Using:

Quoted Prices
In Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

Carrying
Value

$

6,336

$

— $

— $

6,336

December 31, 2022

Fair Value Measurements Using:

Quoted Prices
In Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)

Carrying
Value

$

1,179    $

— $

— $

1,179

Individually evaluated loans with an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023 had a carrying amount of $6.3
million,  which  is  made  up  of  the  outstanding  balance  of  $7.3 million,  net  of  a  valuation  allowance  of  $1.0 million. 
Collateral  dependent  individually  analyzed  loans  as  of  December  31,  2023  resulted  in  a  credit  loss  recovery  of  $371
thousand,  which  is  included  in  the  amounts  reported  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023. 

Individually evaluated loans with an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2022 had a carrying amount of $1.2
million,  which  is  made  up  of  the  outstanding  balance  of  $2.5 million,  net  of  a  valuation  allowance  of  $1.3 million. 
Collateral  dependent  individually  analyzed  loans  as  of  December  31,  2022  resulted  in  a  credit  loss  provision  of  $0.7
million,  which  is  included  in  the  amounts  reported  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022.

99

    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

The  following  tables  present  the  carrying  amounts  and  estimated  fair  values  of  financial  instruments  other  than  those 
measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis for the dates indicated, segmented by level within the 
fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is 
significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2023 Using

Carrying
     Amount

Level 1
Inputs

Level 2
Inputs

Level 3
Inputs

Total

$

457,547
594,639
10,695,349
55,666

$

457,547
—
—
—

8,922,972
1,607,683
1,313,000
200,196
17,298

8,922,972
—
—
—
—

$

— $

516,930
—
6,593

—
1,602,087
1,312,940
160,696
17,298

— $
—
10,305,026
49,073

457,547
516,930
10,305,026
55,666

—
—
—
—
—

8,922,972
1,602,087
1,312,940
160,696
17,298

Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2022 Using

Carrying
     Amount

Level 1
Inputs

Level 2
Inputs

Level 3
Inputs

Total

$

169,297
585,798
10,482,145
48,561

$

169,297
—
—
—

9,139,043
1,115,364
1,131,000
200,283
1,360
5,323

9,139,043
—
—
—
1,360
—

$

— $

505,759
—
6,105

—
1,096,808
1,131,217
180,583
—
5,323

— $
—
10,005,121
42,456

169,297
505,759
10,005,121
48,561

—
—
—
—
—
—

9,139,043
1,096,808
1,131,217
180,583
1,360
5,323

(In thousands)
Financial Assets:

Cash and due from banks
Securities held-to-maturity
Loans held for investment, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities:

Savings, money market and checking accounts (1)
CDs
FHLBNY advances
Subordinated debt, net
Accrued interest payable

(1)

Includes mortgage escrow deposits. 

(In thousands)
Financial Assets:

Cash and due from banks
Securities held-to-maturity
Loans held for investment, net
Accrued interest receivable

Financial Liabilities:

Savings, money market and checking accounts (1)
CDs
FHLBNY advances
Subordinated debt, net
Other short-term borrowings
Accrued interest payable

(1)

Includes mortgage escrow deposits. 

25. REGULATORY CAPITAL MATTERS  

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking 
agencies.  Failure  to  meet  minimum  capital  requirements  can  result  in  certain  mandatory  and  possibly  additional 
discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s 
financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the 
Company and the Bank must meet specific capital requirements that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and 
Bank’s  assets,  liabilities,  and  certain  off-balance  sheet  items  calculated  under  regulatory  accounting  practices.  The 
Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classifications also are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about 
components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain 
minimum amounts and ratios of total, tier 1, and common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of tier 1 capital 
to  average  assets.  Tier  1  capital,  risk-weighted  assets  and  average  assets  are  as  defined  by  regulation.  The  required 
minimums for the Company and Bank are set forth in the tables that follow. The Company and the Bank met all capital 
adequacy requirements at December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

100

    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Under the Basel III Capital Rules the Company and the Bank are subject to the following minimum capital to risk-weighted 
assets ratios: a) 4.5% based on common equity tier 1 capital ("CET1"); b) 6.0% based on tier 1 capital; and c) 8.0% based 
on total regulatory capital. A minimum leverage ratio (tier 1 capital as a percentage of total average assets) of 4.0% is also 
required under the Basel III Capital Rules. The Basel III Capital Rules additionally require institutions to retain a capital 
conservation buffer, composed of CET1, of 2.5% above these required minimum capital ratio levels. Including the capital 
conservation buffer, the Company and the Bank effectively have the following minimum capital to risk-weighted assets 
ratios: a) 7.0% based on CET1; b) 8.5% based on tier 1 capital; and c) 10.5% based on total regulatory capital.

The Company and the Bank made the one-time, permanent election to continue to exclude the effects of accumulated other 
comprehensive income or loss items included in stockholders’ equity for the purposes of determining the regulatory capital 
ratios.

As of December 31, 2023, the most recent notification from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation categorized the 
Bank  as  “well  capitalized”  under  the  regulatory  framework  for  prompt  corrective  action.  To  be  categorized  as  “well 
capitalized,” the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, tier 1 risk-based, common equity tier 1 risk-based, and 
tier  1  leverage  ratios  as  set  forth  in  the  tables  below.  Since that  notification,  there  are  no  conditions  or  events  that 
management believes have changed the institution’s category.

The following tables present actual capital levels and minimum required levels for the Company and the Bank under Basel 
III rules at December 31, 2023 and 2022: 

(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 capital / % of average total assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Common equity Tier 1 capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Tier 1 capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Total capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

(1)

In accordance with the Basel III rules.

(Dollars in thousands)
Tier 1 capital / % of average total assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Common equity Tier 1 capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Tier 1 capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

Total capital / % of risk-weighted assets

Bank
Consolidated Company

(1)

In accordance with the Basel III rules.

Actual

At December 31, 2023

For Capital
Adequacy Purposes(1)
Minimum

To Be Categorized
as “Well Capitalized”(1)
Minimum

     Amount

    Ratio     Amount      Ratio      Amount

     Ratio

$ 1,331,676
1,158,455

9.8 %  $ 544,254
544,529
8.5

4.0 %  $ 680,318
N/A
4.0

5.0 %
N/A

1,331,676
1,041,886

1,331,676
1,158,455

1,406,581
1,433,361

12.6
9.8

12.6
10.9

13.3
13.5

476,168
476,341

634,890
635,122

846,520
846,829

4.5
4.5

6.0
6.0

8.0
8.0

687,798
N/A

846,520
N/A

1,058,151
N/A

6.5
N/A

8.0
N/A

10.0
N/A

Actual

At December 31, 2022

For Capital
Adequacy Purposes(1)
Minimum

To Be Categorized
as “Well Capitalized”(1)
Minimum

     Amount

    Ratio     Amount      Ratio      Amount

     Ratio

$ 1,286,656
1,103,498

10.0 %  $ 517,606
517,914
8.5

4.0 %  $ 647,008
N/A
4.0

5.0 %
N/A

1,286,656
986,928

1,286,656
1,103,498

1,373,431
1,390,272

11.9
9.2

11.9
10.2

12.7
12.9

485,062
485,243

646,749
646,990

862,332
862,654

4.5
4.5

6.0
6.0

8.0
8.0

700,645
N/A

862,332
N/A

1,077,915
N/A

6.5
N/A

8.0
N/A

10.0
N/A

101

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
26. CONDENSED HOLDING COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The  following  statements  of  financial  condition  as  of  December 31,  2023 and  2022,  and  the  related  statements  of 
operations and  cash  flows  for  the years ended  December 31,  2023,  2022 and  2021,  reflect  the  Holding  Company’s 
investment in its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank, using, as deemed appropriate, the equity method of accounting: 

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(In thousands)
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
Investment in subsidiaries
Other assets
Total assets

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Subordinated debt, net
Other liabilities
Stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

December 31,

2023

2022

$

35,114
2,693
1,395,526
4,401
$ 1,437,734

$

25,009
2,489
1,348,962
4,389
$ 1,380,849

$

200,196
11,313
1,226,225
$ 1,437,734

$

200,283
10,983
1,169,583
$ 1,380,849

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (1) 

(In thousands)
Net interest loss
Dividends received from Bank
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of direct subsidiaries
Income tax credit
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of direct subsidiaries
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
Net income

$

$

2023

$

$

2021

Year Ended December 31,
2022
(10,394)
95,000
—
(1,720)
82,886
4,001
86,887
65,669
$ 152,556

(9,942)
60,000
—
(1,066)
48,992
7,822
56,814
39,280
96,094

(8,427)
20,000
136
(4,361)
7,348
4,051
11,399
92,597
$ 103,996

(1) Comprehensive  income  for  the  Holding  Company  approximated  comprehensive  income  for  the  consolidated 

Company during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. 

102

    
    
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Equity in undistributed earnings of direct subsidiaries
Net gain on marketable equity securities
Net accretion
Loss on extinguishment of debt
(Increase) decrease in other assets
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds sales of marketable equity securities
Purchases of securities available-for-sale
Net cash received in business combination
Net cash provided by investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from subordinated debentures issuance, net
Redemption of subordinated debentures
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
Release of stock for benefit plan awards
Payments related to tax withholding for equity awards
BMP ESOP shares received to satisfy distribution of retirement benefits
Treasury shares repurchased
Cash dividends paid to preferred stockholders
Cash dividends paid to common stockholders
Net cash used in financing activities

Year Ended December 31,
2022

2023

2021

$

96,094

$ 152,556

$ 103,996

(39,280)
—
(87)
—
(62)
(931)
55,734

—
—
—
—

—
—
—
1,164
(1,258)
—
(947)
(7,286)
(37,302)
(45,629)

(65,669)
—
(111)
740
(104)
(1,096)
86,316

—
—
—
—

157,559
(155,000)
—
1,167
(1,558)
—
(46,762)
(7,286)
(36,791)
(88,671)

(92,597)
(131)
(157)
—
761
269
12,141

6,101
(3,000)
11,545
14,646

—
—
431
1,153
(111)
(993)
(59,280)
(7,286)
(39,351)
(105,437)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks
Cash and due from banks, beginning of period
Cash and due from banks, end of period

10,105
25,009
35,114

$

(2,355)
27,364
25,009

(78,650)
106,014
27,364

$

$

103

    
    
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including 
the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the 
Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated  under  the  Securities  and 
Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended)  as  of  December  31,  2023.  Based  on  that  evaluation,  the  Company’s  Principal 
Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were 
effective as of the end of the period covered by the annual report.

Report by Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  an  effective  system  of  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any system 
of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or overriding of 
controls. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable 
assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods 
are  subject  to  the  risks  that  controls  may  become  inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions  or  that  the  degree  of 
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. This assessment 
was  based  on  criteria  for  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  described  in  Internal  Control -  Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this 
assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2023, the Company maintained effective internal control over 
financial reporting based on those criteria.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements that are included in 
this  annual  report  on  Form 10-K,  has  issued  an  attestation  report  on  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting. The attestation report of Crowe LLP appears on page 104.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 
31, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None. 

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

None.

104

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information regarding Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance will be set forth in the Registrant’s 
Proxy  Statement  for  the  Annual  Meeting  of  Shareholders  to  be  held  on  May  23,  2024  and is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference thereto.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information regarding Executive Compensation will be set forth in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual 
Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information regarding Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters will be set forth in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 
2024 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Set forth below is certain information as of December 31, 2023, regarding the Company’s equity compensation plans that 
have  been  approved by  stockholders.  The  Company  does  not  have  any  equity  compensation  plans  that  have  not  been 
approved by stockholders. 

Equity compensation
plan approved by
stockholders
2012 Equity Incentive Plan
2019 Equity Incentive Plan
2021 Equity Incentive Plan
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Total

Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options
and awards

Weighted average
exercise price with
respect to outstanding
stock options

16,934
10,061
—
—
26,995

$ 35.70
34.87
—
—
$ 35.39

Number of securities
remaining available for
issuance under the plan
—
—
638,799
941,669
1,580,468

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information regarding Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence will be set forth in 
the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2024 and is incorporated 
herein by reference thereto.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information regarding the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s fees and services will be set 
forth  in  the  Registrant’s  Proxy  Statement  for  the  Annual Meeting  of  Shareholders  to be  held on  May 23,  2024  and is 
incorporated herein by reference thereto.

105

    
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

(a) The  following  consolidated  financial  statements,  including  notes  thereto,  and  financial  schedules  of  the  Company, 
required in response to this item are included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

1.

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 173)

2.

Financial Statement Schedules

     Page No.

45
46
47
48
49
51
107

Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in 
the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

3.

    Exhibits

See Exhibit Index on page 110

106

    
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM      

Stockholders and the Board of Directors
of Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Hauppauge, New York

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 
and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, 
comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period 
ended  December 31,  2023,  and  the  related notes  (collectively  referred  to  as  the  "financial  statements").  We  also  have 
audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in 
Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (“COSO”).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of 
the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years 
in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America.  Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control 
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: 
(2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the 
accompanying Report by Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting 
based on our audits.  We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board 
(United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. 
federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  and  the 
PCAOB. 

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, 
whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. 

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits 
also  included  evaluating  the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as 
evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial  statements.  Our  audit  of  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness 
exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our 
audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that 
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  in  accordance  with 
generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded 
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, 
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management 

107

and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely  detection  of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial 
statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements 
that  was  communicated  or  required  to  be  communicated  to  the  audit  committee  and  that:  (1)  relates  to  accounts  or 
disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex 
judgments.   The  communication  of  the  critical  audit  matter  does  not  alter  in  any  way  our  opinion  on  the  financial 
statements,  taken  as  a  whole,  and  we  are  not, by  communicating  the  critical  audit  matter  below,  providing  a  separate 
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans – Qualitative Factors

As described in Notes 1 and 5 to the financial statements, the Company estimates expected credit losses for its financial 
assets  carried  at  amortized  cost  utilizing  the  current  expected  credit  loss  (“CECL”)  methodology.    In  determining  the 
allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) related to loans that are collectively evaluated, expected credit losses are determined 
by calculating a loss percentage by loan segment, or pool.  Management estimates the allowance for credit losses on each 
loan  pool  using  relevant  available  information,  from  internal  and  external  sources,  relating  to  past  events,  current 
conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  Historically observed credit loss experience of peer banks within 
the Company’s geography, adjusted for prepayment and curtailment assumptions as well as reasonable and supportable 
forecasts, provide the basis for the estimation of quantitatively modeled expected credit losses on similar loan pools.

The quantitative results of the modeling are then adjusted using qualitative factors.  These factors include: (1) lending 
policies and procedures; (2) international, national, regional and local economic business conditions and developments 
that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various markets; (3) the nature and volume of the
loan portfolio; (4) the experience, ability, and depth of the lending management and other relevant staff; (5) the volume 
and  severity  of  past  due  loans;  (6)  the  quality  of  the  loan  review  system;  (7)  the  value  of  underlying  collateral  for 
collateralized  loans;  (8)  the  existence  and  effect  of  any  concentrations  of  credit,  and  changes  in  the  level  of  such 
concentrations; and (9) the effect of external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level
of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio. A significant amount of management judgment is required to assess the 
reasonableness of the qualitative factors.  

The qualitative factors contribute to the determination of the ACL related to loans that share similar risk characteristics. 
We  identified  the  assessment  of  qualitative  factors  as  a  critical  audit  matter  because  auditing  management’s  estimate 
required especially subjective auditor judgment.

108

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter were comprised of testing management’s process 
and  controls  related  to  the  determination  of  qualitative  factor  adjustments,  which  included  (i)  testing  the  design  and 
operating effectiveness of controls over the review and approval of qualitative factors, including significant assumptions 
and judgments made in those determinations, (ii) testing the relevance and reliability of data used as the basis for qualitative 
factors,  and  (iii)  evaluating  the  reasonableness  of  management’s  judgments  and  significant  assumptions  used  in  the 
assessment of qualitative factors, including determining that they are calculated to conform with management’s policies.

Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009.

New York, New York

February 22, 2024

109

Exhibit Number

Description of Exhibit

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

Restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  of  the  Registrant  (incorporated  by  reference  to
Exhibit  3.1  to  the  Registrant’s  Form  8-K,  filed  February  2,  2021  (SEC  File  No.  001-
34096))

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2
to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed December 21, 2023 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

Description of the Registrant’s Securities

Indenture, dated as of September 21, 2015, by and between the Registrant, as Issuer, and 
Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on September 21, 2015 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

First  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  September  21,  2015,  by  and  between  the
Registrant and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, including the form of
the 5.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures due 2025 attached as Exhibit A 
thereto  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.2  to  the  Registrant’s  Form  8-K,  filed
September 21, 2015 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

Second  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  September  21,  2015,  by  and  between  the 
Registrant and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, including the form of 
the 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures due 2030 attached as Exhibit A 
thereto  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.3  to  the  Registrant’s  Form  8-K,  filed
September 21, 2015 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

Indenture, dated as of June 13, 2017, by and between Dime Community Bancshares, Inc., 
as  Issuer,  and  Wilmington  Trust,  National  Association,  as  Trustee  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Dime Community Bancshares, Inc.’s Form 8-K, filed on June 
13, 2017 (SEC File No. 000-27782))

First  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  June  13,  2017,  by  and  between  Dime 
Community Bancshares, Inc., as Issuer, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as 
Trustee, including the form of the 4.50% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debentures 
due 2027 attached as Exhibit A thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Dime 
Community  Bancshares,  Inc.’s  Form  8-K,  filed  on  June  13,  2017  (SEC  File  No.  000-
27782))

Second  Supplemental  Indenture,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2021,  by  and  between  the
Registrant  and  Wilmington  Trust,  National  Association,  as  Trustee  (incorporated  by
reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed February 1, 2021 (SEC File 
No. 000-27782))

Indenture,  dated  May  6,  2022,  between  the  Registrant  and  Wilmington  Trust  National
Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form
8-K, filed May 6, 2022 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

First Supplemental Indenture, May 6, 2022, between the Registrant and Wilmington Trust
National Association, as Trustee, including the form of 5.000% Fixed-to-Floating Rate 
Subordinated Notes due 2032 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s
Form 8-K, filed May 6, 2022 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

110

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

21.1

23.1

Form of Employment Agreement entered into with Stuart H. Lubow, Avinash Reddy and
Conrad J. Gunther (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed October 15, 2020 (File
No. 333-248787))

Form  of  Amendment  to  Employment  Agreement  entered  into  with  Stuart  H.  Lubow,
Avinash Reddy and Conrad J. Gunther (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 28, 2021 (File No. 001-34096))

Second  Amendment  to  Employment  Agreement  entered  into  with  Stuart  H.  Lubow 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-
K, filed December 23, 2021 (File No. 001-34096))

Change in Control Employment Agreement between Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 
and  Patricia  M.  Schaubeck  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.4  to  Registrant’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 28, 2023 (File No. 001-34096))

Amendments One and Two to the Change in Control Employment Agreement between 
Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. and Patricia M. Schaubeck (incorporated by reference
10.5 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed February 28, 2023 (File No. 001-
34096))

Form of Retention and Award Agreement entered into with Stuart H. Lubow, Avinash 
Reddy and Conrad J. Gunther (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective 
Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed October 
15, 2020 (File No. 333-248787))

Form of Defense of Tax Position Agreement entered into with Kenneth J. Mahon, Stuart 
H. Lubow, Avinash Reddy and Conrad J. Gunther (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.6  to  Pre-Effective  Amendment  No.  1  to  the  Registrant’s  Registration  Statement  on 
Form S-4, filed October 15, 2020 (File No. 333-248787))

Executive  Chairman  and  Separation  Agreement  entered  into  with  Kenneth  J.  Mahon
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.7  to  Pre-Effective  Amendment  No.  1  to  the
Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed October 15, 2020 (File No. 333-
248787))

Dime  Community  Bank  Supplemental  Executive  Retirement  Plan  (incorporated  by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November
2, 2021 (File No. 001-34096))

Amendment One to the Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K,
filed February 28, 2023 (File No. 001-34096))

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference
to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement, File No. 001-34096, filed April 16, 2021)

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference
to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement, File No. 001-34096, filed April 1, 2019)

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Definitive 
Proxy Statement, filed April 2, 2018 (SEC File No. 001-34096))

Subsidiaries of Registrant

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

111

31.1

31.2

32.1

97

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 
13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Dime Community Bancshares, Inc. Clawback Policy

101.INS

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101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB

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101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

104

Cover page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, formatted in Inline XBRL

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable.

112

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to 
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

    DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC.

Registrant

/s/ Stuart H. Lubow
Stuart H. Lubow
President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Avinash Reddy 
Avinash Reddy 
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and 
Principal Accounting Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on 
behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

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February 22, 2024

February 22, 2024

    Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

    /s/ Kenneth J. Mahon
Kenneth J. Mahon

/s/ Paul M. Aguggia
Paul M. Aguggia

/s/ Rosemarie Chen
Rosemarie Chen

/s/ Michael P. Devine
Michael P. Devine

/s/ Judith H. Germano
Judith H. Germano

/s/ Matthew A. Lindenbaum
Matthew A. Lindenbaum

/s/ Stuart H. Lubow
Stuart H. Lubow

/s/ Albert E. McCoy, Jr.
Albert E. McCoy, Jr.

/s/ Raymond A. Nielsen
Raymond A. Nielsen

/s/ Joseph J. Perry
Joseph J. Perry

/s/ Kevin Stein
Kevin Stein

/s/ Dennis A. Suskind
Dennis A. Suskind

113

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Fellow Shareholders:

Our vision at Dime Community Bank is to become the premier

community commercial bank from Montauk to Manhattan, by

partnering  and  building  trusted  relationships  with  our

colleagues  and  customers  and  providing  solutions  for  their

financial  success.  Our  customers  value our  local  decisioning,

and our single point of contact approach, matched with best-in-

class technology.

They also value Dime’s long history of financial strength. Since

opening  our  doors  in  1864,  Dime  has  endured  the  great

depression, two world wars, the financial crisis of 2008, and a

global  pandemic.  At  each  point,  Dime  has  leaned  into  the

communities we serve to support their needs and provided a

safe harbor during these times.

2023 in Review

2023 was marked by the failure of several regional banks. While

these  events  shook  the confidence  of  banking  customers

nationwide, Dime stood firm. As a result of our strong balance

sheet, which is supported by over $1.0 Billion in Tier 1 capital,

we grew both loans and deposits in 2023.

We  took our  Private and  Commercial  Bank operations  to  the

next level and seized the opportunity to hire several productive

banking  teams.  Importantly, we made numerous enhancements

to  our  systems  and  processes  and  created  a  best-in-class

customer experience. I would like to thank all our employees

for this bank-wide initiative, which will serve us well in the years

ahead.

The initial results of the expansion of the Private and Commercial

Bank  are  well  documented.  Dime’s  Private and  Commercial

Bank booked over $500 Million of low-cost deposits in less than

twelve months. As we continue to execute on our growth plan,

we expect to remain active on the recruitment front.

Customer Focused and Community Driven in 2024

As  we continue our  journey  of  recruitment  and  growth, we

have  also  focused  on  diversifying  our  balance  sheet  with  the

addition of a new Healthcare lending vertical. We believe we

have  state-of-the-art  and  customer  centric  technology:  some

examples  include  Dime  Escrow  Express  for  Law  Firms  &  Title

Companies, Positive Pay for Fraud Prevention, and Smart Safe

Remote Deposit with next-day credit for specialized industries.

Our commitment to the communities we serve remains just as

strong as our commitment to growth. Our 60 branch locations,

now including Staten Island, remain as foundational pillars of

strength and stability in our communities; our branch network

is a valuable source of low-cost, granular deposits. We have not

slowed  down  after  receiving  an  “Outstanding”  rating  for  our

efforts pertaining to the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977.

In  fact,  in  classic  Dime  fashion,  we  have  leaned  in  to  work

harder.  We  now  have over  200  employee volunteers  for

community  efforts.  This  is  a  testament  to  our  dedicated

employees.

In closing, we are steadfast in our commitment to become the

premier  community  commercial  bank,  from  Montauk  to

Manhattan  and  delivering  value 

for  our  shareholders,

customers, and communities alike.

Sincerely,

$11.3

$11.9

$12.1

$13.2

$13.6

$9

Stuart H. Lubow

President & Chief Executive Officer

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

5-Year Total Asset Trend

$ in Billions1

$11.3

$11.9

$12.1

$13.2

$13.6

5-Year Deposit & Loan Trend

$10.5

$10.5 $10.5

$10.3

$10.7

$10.0

$9.0

$9.1

$9.2

$8.2

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

1Totals represent combined historical data for the merged entities as of year-end.

Deposits

Loans

$15

$12

$6

$3

$0

$12

$10

$8

$15

$12

$9

$6

$3

$0

$12

$10

$8

$10.5

$10.5 $10.5

$10.3

$10.7

$10.0

$9.0

$9.1

$9.2

$8.2

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

15

12

9

6

3

0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

15

12

9

6

3

0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

D I M E   C O M M U N I T Y   B A N C S H A R E S ,  I N C . 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

Mario Caracappa 
Executive Vice President, 
Director of Treasury Management 
Sales & Service

Geraldine L. Harden 
Executive Vice President, 
Head of Commercial Loan Service

Robert Maichin 
Executive Vice President, 
Head of Middle Market

James J. Manseau 
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Banking Officer

Steven Miley 
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Marketing Officer

William Newham 
Executive Vice President,  
Head of Real Estate Lending

Christopher Porzelt 
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Risk Officer 

John Romano 
Executive Vice President, 
Director of Private Banking

Patricia M. Schaubeck 
Executive Vice President, 
General Counsel

Austin Stonitsch 
Executive Vice President,  
Chief Human Resources Officer 

Brian Teplitz 
Executive Vice President, 
Chief Credit Officer

Nancy Tomich 
Executive Vice President, 
Senior Group Leader

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Kenneth J. Mahon 
Chairman of The Board

Paul M. Aguggia 

Rosemarie Chen

Michael P. Devine

Judith H. Germano 

Matthew A. Lindenbaum

Stuart H. Lubow

Albert E. McCoy, Jr.

Raymond A. Nielsen

Joseph J. Perry

Kevin Stein 

Dennis A. Suskind

EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Stuart H. Lubow 
President & Chief Executive Officer

Michael J. Fegan 
Sr. Executive Vice President,  
Chief Technology & Operations Officer

Conrad J. Gunther 
Sr. Executive Vice President, 
Chief Lending Officer

Avinash Reddy 
Sr. Executive Vice President, 
Chief Financial Officer 

Jeffrey Barber 
Executive Vice President, 
Senior Group Leader

Branch Locations

INVESTOR RELATIONS
Exchange: NASDAQ® 
Symbol: DCOM

Avinash Reddy 
Sr. Executive Vice President, 
Chief Financial Officer 

898 Veterans Memorial Highway 
Suite 560 
Hauppauge, NY 11788 
avinash.reddy@dime.com

Shareholders seeking information about 
the Company may access presentations, 
press releases and government filings 
through the Bank’s investor website: 
investors.dime.com.

STOCK TRANSFER AGENT 
AND REGISTRAR
Computershare Investor Services
PO Box 505000
Louisville, KY 40233-5000
800.368.5948
computershare.com

Shareholders who would like to make 
changes to the name, address or 
ownership of their stock, consolidate 
accounts, eliminate duplicate mailings, 
or replace lost certificates or dividend 
checks should contact Computershare.

GENERAL COUNSEL
Patricia M. Schaubeck 
Executive Vice President

898 Veterans Memorial Highway 
Suite 560 
Hauppauge, NY 11788

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2023 Annual Report

DIME COMMUNITY BANCSHARES, INC. 
898 Veterans Memorial Highway, Suite 560, Hauppauge, NY 11788 
dime.com

2023