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Electro-Sensors Inc.

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FY2023 Annual Report · Electro-Sensors Inc.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, DC 20549 

Form 10-K 

☒   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 

ACT OF 1934  

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES 

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023  
or  

Commission file number 000-09587  

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  

Minnesota  
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or 
organization) 

41-0943459  
(IRS Employer Identification No.)  

6111 Blue Circle Drive 
Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343-9108 
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) 

(952) 930-0100  
(Registrant’s telephone number) 

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: 

Title of each class 
Common Stock 

Trading Symbol(s)  Name of each exchange on which registered

ELSE 

Nasdaq Capital Market 

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: 
None 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 
Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ 

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant 
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 
days. Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, 
a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” 
“accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act. 

Large accelerated filer   ☐  
Non-accelerated filer  

☒ 

Accelerated filer ☐  
Smaller reporting company ☒ 
Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended 
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 
13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of 
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under §404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐  

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial 
statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial 
statements. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of 
incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery 
period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ 
Yes ☒  No 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates (persons other than officers, directors, or 
holders of more than 5% of the outstanding stock) of the registrant was approximately $5,400,000 based upon the 
closing price of its common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market® on June 30, 2023. 

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.10 par value, on March 19, 2024 was 
3,428,021. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 

Certain information called for by Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s 
Definitive Proxy Statement, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of 
the fiscal year covered by this report. 

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ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.  
Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 

TABLE OF CONTENTS  

PART I  
Item 1. Business 
Item 1A. Risk Factors 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
Item 1C. Cybersecurity 
Item 2. Properties 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 

PART II  
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities  
Item 6. [Reserved] 
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk  
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 
Item 9A Controls and Procedures 
Item 9B. Other Information 
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 

PART III  
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 
Item 11. Executive Compensation  
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 

PART IV  
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 
Item 16. Form 10-K - Summary  

SIGNATURES  

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PART I 

Item 1.                     Business.  

Introduction 

Electro-Sensors, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “ESI”) manufactures and sells industrial production 
monitoring and process control systems.  

In addition, we may periodically make strategic investments in other businesses and companies, including 
investments that we believe would facilitate the development of technology complementary to our existing products 
or investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders.   

ESI was incorporated in Minnesota in July 1968. Our executive offices are located at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, 
Minnetonka, Minnesota, 55343-9108. Our telephone number is (952) 930-0100. 

Products 

We manufacture a complete line of monitoring and control systems for a wide range of industrial machine 
applications.  The systems measure machine production and operation rates, as well as regulate the speed of related 
machines in production processes. 

Our goal is to develop meaningful annual updates to our standard products. 

We have a sales agreement with Motrona GmbH, a German control and interface devices manufacturer, under which 
we have the right to distribute Motrona products in the United States. These products interface with our products on 
various applications for motion monitoring. 

      Speed Monitoring Systems 

Our speed monitoring systems compare revolutions per minute or speed against acceptable rates as determined by 
our customers. These systems vary in complexity, from simple systems that detect slow-downs or stoppages, to 
sophisticated systems that warn of deviations from precise tolerances and that permit various subsidiary operations 
to be determined through monitoring shaft speed. 

Our speed monitoring systems also include a line of products that measure production counts or rates, such as 
number of parts, gallons per minute, or board feet. These speed monitoring systems include alarm systems, 
tachometers, and other devices that translate impulses from the sensors into alarm signals utilized by our customers. 

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We have several products used in drive control systems that regulate the speed of motors on related machines in a 
production sequence to ensure that the performances of various operations are coordinated. The products consist of a 
line of digital control products for motors that require a complete closed loop PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) 
control. The closed loop controllers coordinate production speed among process motors and reduce waste. 

      Temperature Application Products 

Our main temperature applications include bearing, gear box, and motor temperature monitoring sensors.  These 
sensors alert an operator when the temperature exceeds or is less than a specified temperature. 

     Position Application Products 

We also offer production monitoring devices that include a belt alignment and slide gate position monitor.  The belt 
alignment monitor is used to determine if a belt is tracking correctly.  The slide gate position monitor is used in plant 
operations to provide feedback of the position of a slide gate.  

     Vibration Monitoring Products  

Our vibration monitors alert operators when the vibration of a machine in a production system exceeds or is less 
than a specified level.   

      Tilt Switches 

A tilt switch is designed to alert the operator when a storage bin or production system reaches a certain capacity.   

      Hazard Monitoring Systems  

Electro-Sentry We offer the Electro-Sentry 1TM and Electro-Sentry 16TM hazard monitoring systems, which integrate 
our sensors for monitoring temperature, belt alignment, and shaft speed with programmable control logic to create a 
complete hazard monitoring system. These systems enable our customers to locate which part of their material 
handling system is operating incorrectly, typically in less than ten seconds.  

HazardPROTM We market our wireless hazard technology monitoring system under the HazardPRO product name. 
This integrated hazard monitoring system captures and displays key information in an intuitive format allowing the 
user to quickly and comprehensively understand the status and history of the user's processes.  The simple but 
powerful interface provides insight into a customer's internal operations as they strive to maximize safety and 
facility runtime, while minimizing costs associated with unscheduled maintenance and unplanned 
downtime.  The HazardPRO system has been approved for use in hazardous dust environments by a third-party 
nationally recognized testing laboratory. 

The HazardPRO site system manager software efficiently collects data from all sensors in a customer's monitoring 
system, with effective wireless monitoring across a widely dispersed area.  We have also added a complete antenna 
pair mounting system to the product line for easy and accurate customer installation. 

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We expect to continue to expend resources to develop new products and to market new and existing products for use 
in a wide variety of monitoring applications. 

Our corporate website, www.electro-sensors.com, provides significant product application information for our 
existing and prospective customers and our sales partners. Information on our website is not incorporated by 
reference herein and is not a part of this Form 10-K.  

Marketing and Distribution 

We sell our products primarily through both our internal sales team and a number of manufacturer’s representatives 
and distributors, both nationally and internationally.   In 2023, we had international sales through distributors in the 
following countries; Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Egypt, South Africa, India, 
Australia, China, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. Sales to 
customers outside the United States represented approximately 10% of revenues in 2023. We sell our products under 
the Electro-Sensors, Inc. brand as a range of products from simple sensors to complex integrated monitoring 
systems.  Our customers operate in a wide range of industries, including grain/feed/milling, bulk materials, 
manufacturing, food products, ethanol, power generation, and other processing industries. 

We continue to explore new industries and applications within the industries we serve to expand sales and may also 
consider acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part of our growth strategy.  In addition, we may make 
strategic investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders. 

In addition to enhanced operational safety, we believe that a wide variety of organizations could achieve significant 
savings in both time and materials by adding production monitoring and drive control technology to existing 
processes to coordinate the operation of related machines and help prevent costly downtime. We sell our products 
into both the “retro-fit” market and into new manufacturing or processing systems. 

We advertise in national industrial periodicals that cover a range of industries and attend several local, national and 
international industry tradeshows throughout the year. We also use our corporate website and other related industry 
websites for advertising and marketing purposes. 

Competition 

We face substantial competition in the sale of our production monitoring sensors and systems from a broad range of 
industrial and commercial businesses. Among our competitors are 4B Components Ltd., Maxi-Tronic, Inc., Siemens 
Corporation, and Ag Growth International Inc. (AGI). We believe our competitive advantages include our products' 
superior design and quality, and the fact that we sell our products as ready-to-install units that can be used in a wide 
range of applications. Our major challenges include the fact that several of our competitors are larger, may have 
better established names, have a broader range of sensing instruments, and have larger sales forces and capital 
resources.  

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Suppliers  

We purchase parts and materials for our systems from various manufacturers and distributors. In some instances, 
these materials are manufactured in accordance with our proprietary designs. Multiple sources of these parts and 
materials are generally available, and we typically do not depend on any single source for these supplies and 
materials. In 2023, we continued to experience disruptions in our supply chain, resulting in difficulty sourcing parts 
and increased costs on parts and materials.  In some situations, we have and are modifying product designs to 
accommodate new components that are more readily available or have a lower cost. There is no guarantee that we 
have and will continue to be successful in updating these designs and sourcing alternative components and 
material.  We may also continue to experience transportation and freight availability delays, which may make it 
difficult to have materials and components shipped to us or our products shipped to customers, in a timely and cost-
effective manner.  We continue to closely monitor lead times and availability of components. We are continually 
assessing our inventory levels and may take actions as necessary to minimize disruptions to our supply chain such as 
maintaining larger levels of inventories than we have in the past, but these actions may not be successful if 
significant disruptions occur. 

Customers 

We do not depend upon a single or a few customers for 10% or more portion of our sales.   

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses  

The Company relies on a combination of patent, trademark, and trade secret laws to establish proprietary right in its 
products. 

We have registered the name “Electro-Sensors” as a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 
(“USPTO”), Reg. No. 1,142,310. We believe this trademark has been and will continue to be useful in developing 
and protecting market recognition for our products. We established the HazardPRO trademark in the first quarter of 
2014 and intend to register this trademark. 

We hold six patents relating to our production monitoring systems. We believe strongly in protecting our intellectual 
property and have a long history of obtaining patents, when available, in connection with our research and product 
development programs. We also rely upon trade secrets and proprietary know-how. 

We seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary intellectual property, including know-how, in part, through 
confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, and other parties. However, we cannot ensure these 
agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will 
not otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors. 

Seasonality 

Generally, the Company experiences seasonality in the sale of its products with the second and third calendar 
quarters historically the strongest. 

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Business Development Activities 

We continue to seek growth opportunities, both internally through our existing portfolio of products, technologies 
and markets, as well as externally through technology partnerships or related-product or business acquisitions.  In 
addition, we may make strategic or other investments that we believe present opportunities for the Company and its 
shareholders.  On June 13, 2022 we announced that we had entered into a merger agreement with Mobile X Global, 
Inc.  On January 30, 2023, we announced that the merger agreement had been terminated and that the Company's 
Board of Directors had established a special committee to explore and pursue business development and other 
strategic alternatives. 

Governmental Approvals 

Although we are not required to obtain governmental approval of our products, we choose to obtain certain third-
party certifications to meet our customers’ needs. These certifications may expand our market opportunities in 
certain industries. 

Effect of Governmental Regulations 

We do not believe that any existing or proposed governmental regulations will have a material effect on our 
business. 

Research and Development  

We invest in research and development programs to develop new products and to integrate state-of-the-art 
technology into our existing products. We undertake development projects based upon the identified specific needs 
of the markets we serve.  Our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations” section further describes our research and development expenditures. 

Our future success depends in part upon our ability to develop new products in our varying segments. Difficulties or 
delays in our ability to develop, produce, test, market, and deliver new products could have a material adverse effect 
on future sales growth. 

Compliance with Environmental Laws 

Compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws has only a nominal effect on current or anticipated 
capital expenditures and has had no material effect on earnings or on our competitive position. 

Human Capital  

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 35 employees, all of whom are full-time and based in the United 
States.  We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are currently represented 
by a labor union. 

The Company views its employees and culture as keys to its success.  The Company aims to attract and retain 
qualified personnel and provides wages and benefits that are competitive locally to reward employees for 
performance.  The Company values innovation, inclusion and diversity, safety and engagement as we believe these 
are keys to attract, develop, and retain the best talent. 

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The health and safety of our employees is our top priority.  We believe the Company has generally been successful 
implementing appropriate measures to protect the health and safety of its employees while maintaining business 
continuity and high levels of service to our customers. 

Our ability to maintain a competitive position and to continue to develop and market new products depends, in part, 
on our ability to retain key employees and qualified personnel. If we are unable to retain our key employees, or 
recruit and train others, our product development, marketing and sales could be adversely affected.  

Fluctuations in Operating Results 

We have experienced fluctuations in our historical operating results and expect to experience fluctuations in the 
future.  These fluctuations may affect the market price of our common stock. Sales can fluctuate as a result of a 
variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include: product competition and 
acceptance, timing of customer orders, cancellation of orders, the mix of products sold, supply chain disruptions, 
downturns in the markets we serve, geopolitical events, and economic disruptions such as weather-related events. In 
addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience increased costs in materials and labor which may 
impact our profitability.  Because fluctuations may occur, we caution investors that results of our operations for 
recent periods may not accurately predict how we will perform in the future. We cannot ensure that we will achieve 
revenue or earnings growth. 

Expending Funds for Changes in Industry Standards, Customer Preferences or Technology 

Our business depends on our periodically introducing new and enhanced products and solutions for customer needs. 
Our product development efforts require us to commit financial resources, personnel and time, usually in advance of 
significant market demand for these products. In order to compete, we must anticipate both future demand and the 
technology available to meet that demand. We cannot ensure that our research and development efforts will lead to 
new products or product innovations that can be made available to or will be accepted by the market. 

Available Information 

We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and 
amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Securities 
and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and 
information statements, and other information that we file with the SEC electronically. Copies of our reports on 
Form 10-K, Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K, and amendments to those reports may also be obtained, free of charge, 
electronically through our investor relations website located at https://www.electro-sensors.com/about/investor-info 
as soon as reasonably practical after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information on our website 
is not incorporated by reference into this report and should not be considered part of this document. 

Forward-Looking Statements 

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made 
by us or on our behalf. We have made, and may continue to make, forward-looking statements with respect to our 
business and financial matters, including statements contained in this document, other filings with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission, and reports to shareholders. Forward-looking statements generally include discussion of 
current expectations or forecasts of future events and can be identified by the use of terminology such as “believe,” 
“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could,” “will,” and similar words or expressions. Any statement that does 
not relate solely to historical fact should be considered forward-looking. 

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Our forward-looking statements generally relate to our growth strategy, future financial results, product 
development and sales efforts. We make forward-looking statements throughout this Annual Report, but primarily in 
this Item 1 and Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations. These include statements relating to our beliefs and expectations and intentions with respect to (i) our 
growth and profitability, (ii) our marketing and product development, (iii) our ability to continue to obtain parts and 
materials for our products from various manufacturers and distributors in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, 
(iv) the value of our intellectual property, (v) our competitive position in the marketplace, (vi) the effect of 
governmental regulations on our business, (vii) our employee relations, (viii) the adequacy of our facilities, (ix) our 
intention to develop new products, (x) the possibility of us acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part 
of our growth strategy, and (xi) our future cash requirements and use of cash. 

Forward-looking statements cannot be guaranteed and our actual results may vary materially due to the uncertainties 
and risks, known and unknown, associated with these statements, including our ability to successfully develop new 
products and manage our cash requirements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. 
We wish to caution investors that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in 
the future could affect our actual results of operations and cause these results to differ materially from those 
anticipated in forward-looking statements made in this document and elsewhere by us or on our behalf. We cannot 
foresee or identify all factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected or historical results. As such, 
investors should not consider any list of these factors to be an exhaustive statement of all risks, uncertainties or 
potentially inaccurate assumptions. These factors include our ability to:  
   ● successfully use our cash and liquid assets to develop or acquire new or complementary products or business 

lines to increase our revenue and profitability;  

  ● comply with any new government regulations that may be adopted to require companies to reduce carbon 

emissions or to disclose their carbon footprint, including the carbon footprint of components to manufacturers; 
   ● ensure that our operational systems, security systems and infrastructure, as well as those of third-party vendors, 

remain free from viruses or cyberattacks;  

   ● quickly and successfully adapt to changing industry technological standards;  
   ● comply with existing and changing industry regulations;  
   ● attract and retain key personnel, including senior management;  
  ● offset the effect of inflation on component prices and labor by increasing prices on finished products; 

   ● adapt to changing economic conditions and manage downturns or disruptions in the economy in general;  

   ● keep pace with competitors, some of whom are much larger and have substantially greater resources than us; 

  ● respond to geopolitical and macroeconomic events that are beyond our control, such as any downturn in the 
economy caused by (i) a government shutdown similar to those that have occurred over the past decade, (ii) 
sovereign monetary policy and the resulting impact on interest rates, or (iii) unrest in the Middle East and the 
war  between Russia and the Ukraine; 

● continue to procure components for our products, and maintain a steady and reliable workforce, as described 

below under "Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics"; and 

  ● the fact that we cannot guarantee that the special committee our Board formed in January 2023 to explore and 
pursue business development and other strategic alternatives will be successful in enhancing shareholder value. 

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Item 1A.                 Risk Factors.  

This item is not required for smaller reporting companies, but above under “Forward-Looking Statements,” we 
discuss some of the risk factors that are relevant to our business and operating results.  

Item 1B.                 Unresolved Staff Comments. 

None 

Item 1C.                 Cybersecurity. 

Electro-Sensors recognizes the critical importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding sensitive information, protecting 
our stakeholders, and maintaining customer trust.  Our approach to managing cybersecurity risks includes 
implementing and overseeing governance and policies, periodic risk assessment, an incident response plan, ongoing 
training and awareness programs, and a commitment to continuous improvement.  

Electro-Sensors’ information security is managed by our President and managers within the company.  They are 
responsible for cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, and processes.  Our Board of Directors rely on management 
to bring significant matters impacting the Company to its attention, including with respect to material risks from 
cybersecurity threats. 

A reputable firm for managed IT services supports Electro-Sensors through Managed IT Services. Services include 
managed device and network monitoring, patch management, security services including endpoint security and 
firewall management, secure email gateway and antispam, backup and recovery services, and 24/7 managed support. 
External network access and email are secured with Multi-Factor Authentication. All access control requests are 
documented and executed by trained, authorized personnel. Recovery data is kept offsite, and credentials are not 
kept within the client network. All security solutions managed by the managed service provider send critical alerts to 
an external ticketing system, and all critical alerts are responded to by trained personnel.  

In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we have an incident response plan in place.  This plan includes detection, 
response, and communication with stakeholders.  Incident response is supported by appropriate third-party experts 
to address, assess, and respond to the event. The plan calls for mobilization of a response team including both 
internal and external resources as well as communication protocols so that event information is shared on a timely 
basis.  We are committed to providing timely and accurate information to our stakeholders in the event of a breach. 

As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any breach events or cybersecurity threats that could materially 
affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of 
operations, or financial condition.   However, any future potential risks from cybersecurity threats, including but not 
limited to exploitation of vulnerabilities, ransomware, denial of service, supply chain attacks, or other similar threats 
may materially affect us, including our execution of business strategy, reputation, results of operations and/or 
financial condition. 

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Item 2.                    Properties. 

We own and occupy a 25,400 square foot facility at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343-9108. 
All our operations are conducted within this facility. The facility is in excellent condition and we continue to 
maintain and update the facility as necessary. We believe the facility will be adequate for our needs in 2024. 

Item 3.                     Legal Proceedings. 

We are not the subject of any material legal proceedings as of the date of this filing and we are not aware of any 
material threatened litigation.  

Item 4.                    Mine Safety Disclosures. 

Not applicable.  

PART II 

Item 5.                   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters 
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.  

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market® under the symbol “ELSE.”  

Based on data provided by our transfer agent, as of February 29, 2024, we had 61 shareholders of record who held 
838,094 shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, nominees held an additional 2,589,927 shares for 
approximately 1,130 shareholders holding shares in street name. 

From time to time, we may be required to repurchase our common stock as a result of Employee Stock Ownership 
Plan ("ESOP") obligations described in Note 11 to our 2023 financial statements. We did not repurchase any 
common stock during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

The information required by Item 201(d) of SEC Regulation S-K is set forth in Item 12 of this Form 10-K. 

Item 6.                    [Reserved].  

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Item 7.                   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 
of Operations.  

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes. This 
discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ 
materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

The following table contains selected financial information, for the years indicated, from our statements of 
comprehensive income expressed as a percentage of net sales.  

Net sales  
Cost of goods sold  
Gross profit  

Operating expenses  

Selling and marketing  
General and administrative  
Research and development  

Total operating expenses  

Operating loss  

Non-operating income  
Interest income  

Total non-operating income, net  

Income before income taxes  

Income tax expense (benefit)  

Net income  

    Years Ended December 31,      

2023  

2022  

100.0%      
50.4        
49.6        

100.0% 
46.4   
53.6   

15.6        
23.0        
11.4        
50.0        

16.8   
28.0   
9.3   
54.1   

(0.4)       

(0.5) 

4.8        
4.8        

4.4 

1.2 

1.2   
1.2   

0.7 

(0.3) 

3.2%      

1.0% 

The following paragraphs discuss the Company’s performance for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

Comparison of 2023 vs 2022 (dollars in thousands) 

Net Sales 

Net sales for 2023 were $8,555, a decrease of $474, or 5.2%, from $9,029 in 2022.  The decrease in sales was 
proportionally similar for both wired and HazardPRO wireless sensors and systems.  International sales were steady 
as compared to 2022 at 10.3% of revenue.   

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Gross Profit 

Gross profit for 2023 decreased $596, or 12.3%, to $4,245 from $4,841 in 2022.  Gross margin in 2023 was 49.6% 
compared to 53.6% in 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to an increase in raw material and labor 
costs across all product lines, partially offset by price increases introduced in the second half of 2023.  

Operating Expenses 

Total operating expenses decreased $605, or 12.4%, to $4,273 in 2023 from $4,878 in 2022, and decreased as a 
percentage of net sales to 50.0% from 54.1%.  The decrease in operating expense dollars was primarily due to 
decreases in legal and other professional fees incurred in 2022 associated with the announced merger with Mobile X 
Global, Inc. (Mobile X) that was terminated in January 2023 (as discussed in the following section "Non-GAAP 
Financial Measure") and to lower sales headcount. 

   ● Selling and marketing expenses decreased $184, or 12.1%, to $1,332 in 2023 from $1,516 in 2022, and 

decreased as a percentage of net sales to 15.6% from 16.8%. The decrease was primarily due to lower sales 
headcount and variable compensation due to lower revenue. 

   ● General and administrative expenses decreased $558, or 22.1%, to $1,968 in 2023 from $2,526 in 2022, and 

decreased as a percentage of net sales to 23.0% from 28.0%. The decrease was primarily due to legal and other 
professional fees incurred in 2022 related to the execution and subsequent termination of the merger agreement with 
Mobile X and related matters, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expense related to stock 
option and restricted stock unit grants in the third quarter of 2023. Additional information related to the Mobile X 
merger is provided below in the Non-GAAP Financial Measure section and in Note 9 to the financial statements. 

   ● Research and development expenses increased $137, or 16.4%, to $973 in 2023 compared to $836 in 2022, 
and increased as a percentage of net sales to 11.4% from 9.3%. The increase was primarily due to additional 
headcount and higher contract engineering costs related to product development and enhancements. 

Operating Loss 

Operating loss was $28 in 2023 compared to $37 in 2022, a decrease of $9, or 24.3%.  The decrease was primarily 
the result of lower legal and other professional fees related to the Mobile X merger agreement and related matters, 
primarily offset by a decrease in net revenues and gross profit margin. 

Non-Operating Income  

Non-operating income increased $297 to $406 in 2023 from $109 in 2022, primarily as a result of an increase in 
interest income earned as a result of higher interest rates on Treasury Bills. 

Equity securities are stated at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in our statements of 
comprehensive income in the non-operating income section.  All other available-for-sale securities are stated at fair 
value, and unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax effect, are reported as a separate 
component of stockholders’ equity. 

Realized gains and losses, including losses from declines in value of specific securities determined by management 
to be other-than-temporary, are included in the statement of comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are 
determined on the basis of the specific securities sold. 

14 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Income Taxes  

Income tax expense was $103 in 2023 compared to an income tax benefit of $28 in 2022. The increase in the tax 
expense was due primarily to increased interest income in 2023 compared to 2022.  We have provided detailed 
information about our income tax provision in Note 12 to the financial statements. 

Net Income 

We reported net income of $275 in 2023 compared to $100 in 2022, an increase of $175, or 175.0%. Basic and 
diluted earnings per share were $0.08 and $0.03 in 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Non-GAAP Financial Measure 

In addition to financial results reported in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America (“GAAP”), the Company is providing a non-GAAP financial measure in this Form 10-K and an 
itemized reconciliation between Net Income and Adjusted Net Income, the non-GAAP financial measure. 

The Company is using "Adjusted Net Income" as a non-GAAP financial measure to facilitate period-to-period 
comparisons and analysis of its operating performance and believes it is useful to investors as a supplement to 
GAAP measures in analyzing, trending and benchmarking the performance and value of the Company’s business. 
This measure is not intended to be a substitute for, or more meaningful than, Net Income prepared and reported in 
accordance with GAAP, but is provided as supplemental information. This measure may be different from Adjusted 
Net Income or similar financial measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify 
these measures.  

As discussed below, to calculate Adjusted Net Income, the Company added back the expenses, less estimated taxes, 
related to the negotiation and execution of the proposed Mobile X merger transaction to Net Income for the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.  The Company believes adding back these expenses more accurately portrays 
the underlying results and trends of the ongoing business. 

These expenses continued, at a lower level, into 2023.  On January 30, 2023, the Company and Mobile X jointly 
agreed to terminate the merger agreement. Although the expenses related to the Company-Mobile X Merger 
Agreement were incurred primarily in general and administrative expenses, the Company is not presenting any other 
non-GAAP information because it believes it has adequately described these expenses in the Management's 
Discussion and Analysis section of this Form 10-K and past filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

15 

 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
The Company incurred approximately $42 and $875 in legal and other professional fees for the years ended 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the terminated Mobile X merger.  The following table sets 
forth a reconciliation of Net Income, a GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted Net Income, a non-GAAP financial 
measure.    

Net Income - GAAP 
Plus merger related expenses 
Less income taxes on merger expenses 
Adjusted Net Income 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

Years Ended December 31   

2023 

2022 

$

$

275 $
42
(9)  
308 $

100
875
(184) 
791

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations that have, or are reasonably likely 
to have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in the financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of 
operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  

Cash and cash equivalents were $9,870 and $7,646 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was 
due to the fact that at December 31, 2023 we held more available funds in assets defined as cash and cash 
equivalents while at December 31, 2022, we held more available funds in assets defined as investments. Working 
capital was $12,449 at December 31, 2023 compared to $12,183 at December 31, 2022. 

Cash generated from operating activities was $130 in 2023 compared to cash used in operating activities of $147 in 
2022, an increase of $277.  The increase was primarily due to higher net income primarily due to the decrease in 
legal and other professional fees related to the Mobile X merger agreement and related matters. 

Cash generated from investing activities in 2023 was $2,100, compared to $964 in 2022. The increase in cash from 
investing activities was due to an increase in maturities of Treasury Bills as compared to the purchase price of 
Treasury Bills classified as investments. In addition, we purchased $70 and $65 of property, equipment, and 
intangibles in 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Cash used in financing activities during 2023 was $6 as compared to cash generated from financing activities of 
$116 during 2022.  During 2022, three non-employee directors and one employee exercised a total of 32,500 stock 
options for a total exercise price of $122. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Subject to the following section, entitled "Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics," the Company believes its ongoing 
cash usage requirements will be primarily for capital expenditures, potential acquisitions, investments we believe 
present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders, research and development, working capital, and 
growth initiatives.  Management believes that cash on hand and any cash provided by operations will be sufficient to 
meet our cash requirements through at least the next 12 months. 

Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics 

We traditionally have had one or more robust sources for production components and materials. However, we 
continue to experience disruptions in our supply chain, resulting in difficulty sourcing some components. We are 
also experiencing price increases for many of the components used in our products. To meet these challenges, we 
are seeking additional sources for components and are modifying product designs to accommodate new components 
that are more readily available at competitive prices. There is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in 
modifying these designs and sourcing alternative components. As a result, we could experience significant delays in 
receiving certain components needed to make timely customer deliveries, as well as increased costs that erode gross 
margins. Supply chain dynamics may have an effect on the efficiency of our business operations, our customer base, 
and the domestic or worldwide economy.  Furthermore, the labor market for qualified employees able to fill our 
various open positions is challenging and becoming more costly.  These factors may result in delays in filling these 
positions and negatively impact profit margins. In addition, we may experience changes in transportation and freight 
availability that may make it difficult to have materials and components shipped to us, or our products shipped to 
customers, in a timely and cost-effective manner. While we continue to closely monitor and manage each of these 
activities, our actions may not be successful and may result in a negative effect on our sales and profit margins. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES  

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America requires management to make decisions based upon estimates, assumptions, and factors it 
considers relevant to the circumstances. Those decisions include the selection of applicable accounting principles 
and the use of judgment in their application, the results of which affect reported amounts and disclosures. Changes 
in economic conditions or other business circumstances may affect the outcomes of management’s estimates and 
assumptions. 

Significant estimates, including the underlying assumptions, consist of the economic lives of long-lived assets, 
realizability of trade receivables, valuation of deferred tax assets/liabilities, inventory, investments, and stock 
compensation expense. It is at least reasonably possible that these estimates may change in the near term. 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
Economic lives of long-lived assets 
We estimate the economic useful life of long-lived assets used in the business. Expected asset lives may be 
shortened or we may recognize an impairment based on a change in the expected life or use of the asset. If the 
expected life of an asset is shortened or an impairment recorded, it could result in an additional charge to 
depreciation expense.  The economic useful life of assets may be greater than we originally estimated.  If the actual 
useful life is greater than originally estimated, there would be no additional charge to depreciation expense. 

Realizability of trade receivables 
We estimate our allowance for credit losses based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of our trade 
receivables. We are unable to predict which, if any, of our customers will be unable to pay their open invoices at a 
future date. If an account becomes uncollectible and we are required to write off the balance, we would write off the 
balance to the allowance for credit losses.  Any change in our allowance for credit losses could cause a material 
increase or decrease in our general and administrative expenses. 

Valuation of deferred tax assets/liabilities 
We estimate our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates. The tax laws and rates could 
change in the future to either disallow the deductions or increase or decrease the tax rates. We recognize changes in 
deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period in which the tax law changes become effective. Any change in our 
deferred tax assets or liabilities could have a material negative or positive effect on our income tax expense. 

Valuation of inventory 
We purchase inventory based on estimated demand of products. It is possible that the inventory we have purchased 
will not be used in the products that our customers need or will not meet future technological requirements. If we are 
unable to use the inventory in our products and it does not meet future technological requirements, we would be 
required to remove the items from inventory and expense the amount in cost of goods sold. 

Valuation of investments 
Our investments in available-for-sale securities are valued at market prices in an open market. The prices are subject 
to the normal fluctuations that could be either negative or positive. Even though these equity securities were only 
valued at $56 at December 31, 2023, changes in the value of these equity securities could affect our profitability as 
the value fluctuates.  For Treasury Bills with a maturity of more than 90 days from the date of purchase, we 
recognize interest, evenly, over the term of the Treasury Bill.  We adjust the value of the Treasury Bill to fair value 
and unrealized holding gains or losses are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) on the balance 
sheet.  Treasury Bills accounted for as cash equivalents are adjusted to fair value monthly and the change in the fair 
value is reported as interest income on the statement of comprehensive income. 

Valuation of stock-based compensation expense 
We estimate the expected life and forfeiture rates of stock options granted when calculating the value of options 
using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The actual life and forfeiture rate could differ from what we estimated. 
Changes in the life or forfeiture rate of stock options could have a negative or positive impact on our stock-based 
compensation. 

Additional information regarding our significant accounting policies is provided below in Part II, Item 8, Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Financial Statements, Note 1, Nature of Business and Significant 
Accounting Policies. 

Item 7A.           Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.  

Not applicable. 

18 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Item 8.              Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.  

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Auditor ID: 542) 
Financial Statements 
Balance Sheets  
Statements of Comprehensive Income 
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 
Statements of Cash Flows  
Notes to Financial Statements  

19 

20

21
22
23
24
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of 
Electro-Sensors, Inc. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements 

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 
the related statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-
year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements).  In our opinion, 
the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 
2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in 
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

Basis for Opinion  

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company's financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  Public  Company 
Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States)  (PCAOB)  and  are  required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in 
accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error 
or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial 
reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for 
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, 
we express no such opinion.  

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
error  or  fraud,  and  performing  procedures  that  respond  to  those  risks.  Such  procedures  included examining,  on  a  test  basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.   

Critical Audit Matters 

Critical  audit  matters  are  matters  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  financial  statements  that  were  communicated  or 
required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial 
statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical 
audit matters. 

/s/ Boulay PLLP 
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006. 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 
March 15, 2024 

20 

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
BALANCE SHEETS 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)  

ASSETS 

Current assets  

Cash and cash equivalents 
Treasury Bills  
Equity securities  
Trade receivables, less allowance for credit losses of $11 
Inventories  
Other current assets  
Income tax receivable 

Total current assets  

Deferred income tax asset  

Property and equipment, net 

Total assets  

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Current liabilities 

Current maturity of financing lease 
Accounts payable  
Accrued expenses 
Accrued income taxes 

Total current liabilities  

Commitments and contingencies  

Stockholders’ equity 

December 31  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

9,870    $ 
0      
56      
1,283      
1,751      
179      
0     

7,646   
1,980   
56   
1,161   
1,745   
214   
11  

13,139      

12,813   

355      

951      

256   

975   

  $ 

14,445    $ 

14,044   

  $

0    $
291      
323      
76     

690      

6  
274   
350   
0  

630   

Common stock par value $0.10 per share; authorized 10,000,000 shares; 3,428,021 
shares issued and outstanding 
Additional paid-in capital 
Retained earnings  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (unrealized income on available-for-
sale securities, net of income tax)  

Total stockholders’ equity 

342      
2,230      
11,183      

342   
2,163   
10,908   

0      

1  

13,755      

13,414   

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity  

  $ 

14,445    $ 

14,044   

See Notes to Financial Statements 
21 

 
   
  
  
   
  
    
  
     
       
  
   
      
         
   
    
       
    
    
      
          
     
    
    
    
    
    
   
    
      
          
     
    
    
      
          
     
    
    
      
          
     
    
    
      
          
     
    
     
     
 
    
       
    
  
        
           
  
    
       
    
  
        
           
  
    
    
   
  
     
        
  
    
  
        
           
  
    
       
    
  
        
           
  
    
       
    
  
        
           
  
    
    
    
    
  
     
          
     
    
   
     
          
     
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

   Years Ended December 31,  

Net sales  
Cost of goods sold  

Gross profit  

Operating expenses  

Selling and marketing  
General and administrative  
Research and development  

Total operating expenses  

Operating loss 

Non-operating income 

Interest expense  
    Interest income  

Total non-operating income, net  

Income before income taxes 

Income tax expense (benefit) 

Net income 

Other comprehensive income (loss) 
Change in unrealized value of available-for-sale securities, net of income tax  
Other comprehensive income (loss) 

Net comprehensive income 

Net income per share data  

Basic  

Net income per share  
Weighted average shares  

Diluted  

Net income per share  
Weighted average shares  

See Notes to Financial Statements 
22 

2023  

2022  

  $ 

8,555    $ 
4,310      

9,029  
4,188  

4,245      

4,841  

1,332      
1,968      
973      

1,516  
2,526  
836  

4,273      

4,878  

(28)     

(37) 

(1)     
407      

406      

378      

103      

275      

(1)     
(1)     

  $ 

274    $ 

(1) 
110  

109  

72 

(28) 

100 

1 
1 

101 

  $ 
0.08    $ 
0.03 
     3,428,021       3,401,137  

0.03 
  $ 
0.08    $ 
     3,428,021       3,432,843  

 
   
  
   
  
    
  
   
  
   
      
   
   
    
    
      
          
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
       
   
    
      
          
    
    
    
    
    
      
          
    
    
    
      
          
    
    
    
      
          
    
    
       
   
    
    
       
   
    
    
    
    
       
   
    
   
      
          
    
    
    
    
       
   
    
    
    
       
   
    
    
    
       
   
    
       
   
    
    
   
    
       
   
   
    
       
   
    
        
   
   
    
       
   
    
       
   
    
    
       
   
    
       
   
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

   Common Stock Issued  

Shares  

     Amount  

Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital 

Retained 
Earnings 

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income 

Total 
Stockholders’ 
Equity 

Balance, December 31, 2021  

    3,395,521    $ 

339    $ 

2,041     $ 

10,808    $ 

0    $ 

13,188  

Exercise of common stock 
options 
Other comprehensive income     
Stock-based compensation 

expense  
Net income  

32,500  

3  

119        

3       

100       

1      

122 
1 

3  
100 

Balance, December 31, 2022  

    3,428,021      

342      

2,163       

10,908       

1      

13,414  

Other comprehensive loss 
Stock-based compensation 

expense   
Net income  

(1)     

(1) 

67       

275       

67  
275  

Balance, December 31, 2023  

    3,428,021    $ 

342    $ 

2,230     $ 

11,183    $ 

0    $ 

13,755  

See Notes to Financial Statements 

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ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(in thousands) 

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities  

Net income 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from (used in) operating activities:  

Depreciation and amortization  
Deferred income taxes  
Stock-based compensation expense  
Interest accrued on Treasury Bills 
Change in:  

Trade receivables  
Inventories  
Other current assets  
Accounts payable  
Accrued expenses  
Income taxes payable/receivable 

Net cash from (used in) operating activities  

Cash flows from investing activities  

Purchases of Treasury Bills  
Proceeds from the maturity of Treasury Bills  
Purchase of property and equipment  

Net cash from investing activities  

Cash flows from (used in) financing activities  

Payments on financing lease 
Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options 

Net cash from (used in) financing activities  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning  
Cash and cash equivalents, ending  

Supplemental cash flow information  
Cash paid during the year for income taxes  
Cash paid during the year for interest  

See Notes to Financial Statements 
24 

   Years Ended December 31,  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

275    $ 

100   

94       
(99)     
67       
(191)    

(122)     
(6)     
35      
17      
(27)     
87      

130      

145   
(48) 
3   
(8) 

(156) 
(82) 
(26) 
(75) 
8 
(8) 

(147) 

(13,830)     
16,000       
(70)     

(6,971) 
8,000   
(65) 

2,100      

964 

(6)    
0      

(6)     

2,224       

7,646       
9,870     $ 

(6) 
122 

116 

933 

6,713   
7,646   

115     $ 
1     $ 

28   
1   

  $ 

  $ 
  $ 

 
  
   
  
   
  
    
  
    
        
    
  
        
           
  
  
        
           
  
    
        
    
  
        
           
  
    
    
    
   
    
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
        
    
   
      
          
    
    
    
    
  
        
           
  
    
    
      
          
    
    
        
    
  
        
           
  
   
    
   
      
          
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
   
      
          
    
    
        
    
  
        
           
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies  

Nature of business: 

Electro-Sensors, Inc. manufactures and markets a complete line of monitoring and control systems for a variety of 
industrial machinery. The Company uses leading-edge technology to continuously improve its products, with the 
ultimate goal of manufacturing the industry-preferred product for each market served. The Company sells these 
products through an internal sales staff, manufacturer’s representatives, and distributors to a wide variety of 
industries that use the products in a variety of applications to monitor process machinery operations. The Company 
markets its products to customers located throughout the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. 

In addition, we may periodically make strategic investments in other businesses and companies, including 
investments that we believe would facilitate the development of new relationships, or technology complementary to 
our existing products, or other investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its 
shareholders. See Note 2 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments. The Company’s 
investments in securities are subject to normal market risks. 

Significant accounting policies of the Company are summarized below: 

Use of estimates 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts 
reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Significant estimates, including the underlying assumptions, consist of the economic lives of long-lived assets, 
realizability of trade receivables, valuation of deferred tax assets/liabilities, inventory, investments, and stock 
compensation expense. It is at least reasonably possible that these estimates may change in the near term. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be 
cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are invested in commercial paper, money market accounts and may, also, be 
invested in Treasury Bills with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash equivalents are carried at fair 
value. 

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents primarily in two bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may 
exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on these accounts. The Company 
believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk on cash. 

25 

 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Trade receivables and credit policies 

Trade receivables are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms generally requiring 
payment within 30 days from the invoice date. Trade receivables are stated at the amount billed to the customer. 
Customer account balances with invoices over 90 days are considered delinquent. The Company does not accrue 
interest on delinquent trade receivables. 

Payments of trade receivables are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice 
or, if unspecified, are applied to the earliest unpaid invoices. 

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, which is recorded as an offset to trade 
receivables.  Changes in the allowance for credit losses are included as a component of operating expenses in the 
Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company assesses credit losses on its entire balance of trade 
receivables.   

The allowance is based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of the receivable (contractual term).  The 
Company considers historical loss rates and current economic conditions. Receivables are written off against the 
allowance for credit losses.  The allowance for credit losses was $11 at December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no customers that exceeded 10% of the accounts receivable 
balance.  As of December 31, 2022, there was one customer that accounted for approximately 12% of the accounts 
receivable balance. 

Investments 

Substantially all the Company’s current investments consist of debt securities issued by the United States 
Government. The estimated fair value of non-publicly traded securities is based on financial and other factors.  The 
Company owns equity securities in two non-publicly traded companies.  The executive officer of the two companies 
is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Electro-Sensors, Inc. 

Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the date individual investments are acquired 
and evaluates the appropriateness of this classification at each balance sheet date. 

Since the Company generally does not make investments in anticipation of short-term fluctuations in market price, 
the Company classifies its investments in Treasury Bills as available-for-sale. Treasury Bills with readily 
determinable values are stated at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax 
effect, are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and within accumulated other comprehensive 
gain.  Equity securities with readily determinable values are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on 
equity securities are reported in the statement of comprehensive income in non-operating income. 

Realized gains and losses on securities, including losses from declines in value of specific securities determined by 
management to be other-than-temporary, are included in the statement of comprehensive income in non-operating 
income. Realized gains and losses are determined on the basis of the specific securities sold. There were no other-
than-temporary impairments recognized in the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

26 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Fair value measurements 

The Company’s policies incorporate the guidance for accounting for fair value measurements of financial assets and 
financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non-financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair 
value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. These policies also incorporate the guidance for fair value 
measurement related to non-financial items that are recognized and disclosed at fair value in the financial statements 
on a nonrecurring basis. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation 
techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active 
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving 
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:  
    ●   Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the 

Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.  

    ●   Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset 

or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.  

    ●   Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.  

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level 
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company currently has no non-financial or 
financial items that are measured on a nonrecurring basis. 

The carrying value of cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, and other financial working capital 
items approximate fair value at December 31, 2023 and 2022 due to the short term maturity nature of these 
instruments. 

Inventories 

Inventories include material, labor and overhead and are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net 
realizable value. 

Property and equipment 

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided over estimated useful lives by use of the straight-
line method. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Major improvements and betterments are 
capitalized. 

Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If 
circumstances require the Company to test a long-lived asset for possible impairment, the Company first compares 
undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by an asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value 
of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, the Company recognizes impairment 
to the extent that the carrying value of an asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair value through 
various valuation techniques including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and 
third-party independent appraisals. 

Estimated useful lives are as follows: 

Autos    
Equipment  
Furniture and Fixtures  
Building  

Years  

           3 

5 - 10  
3 -  7  
7 - 40  

27 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Intangible assets 

The intangible asset was a communication technology acquired in October 2019.  The Company amortized the cost 
of the intangible asset on a straight-line method over its estimated useful life, which was complete in 2022. 

Revenue recognition 

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services to be provided to a customer and identifies a 
performance obligation for each distinct good or service.   We also determine the transaction price for each 
performance obligation at contract inception.  Our contracts, generally in the form of a purchase order, specify the 
product or service that is to be provided to the customer. The typical contract life is less than one month and 
contains a single performance obligation, to provide conforming goods or services to the customer.  Certain 
contracts have a second performance obligation, which typically is the initialization of the HazardPRO product.  For 
contracts that have multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance 
obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price.  We generally determine stand-alone selling prices based on 
the observable stand-alone prices charged to customers.  We recognize product revenue at the point in time when 
control of the product is transferred to the customer, which typically occurs when we ship the products.  We 
recognize service revenue at the point in time when we have provided the service, which typically takes less than a 
week to provide. 

Advertising costs 

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expense was $46 and $38 in 2023 and 2022, 
respectively. 

Research and development 

Expenditures for research and development are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred expenses of $973 and 
$836 in 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

Income taxes 

The Company presents deferred income taxes on an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and 
reporting for income taxes. The Company annually determines the difference between the financial reporting and tax 
bases of assets and liabilities. The Company computes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for those differences 
that have future tax consequences using the currently enacted tax laws and rates that apply to the periods in which 
these laws are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is the current tax payable or refundable for the 
period plus or minus the net change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities, excluding the portion of the deferred 
asset or liability allocated to other comprehensive gain (loss). Deferred taxes are reduced by a valuation allowance 
to the extent that realization of the related deferred tax asset is not certain.  We have a valuation allowance on our 
deferred tax asset of $279 and $252 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.  

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be 
sustained. The Company recognizes income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be 
realized. The Company reflects changes in recognition or measurement in the period in which the Company's 
change in judgment occurs. 

The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. 

28 

 
   
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Net income per common share 

Basic earnings per share (EPS) excludes dilution and is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur 
if securities such as options were exercised or converted into common stock.  For the years ending December 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively, options to purchase 175,000 and 268,294 weighted average common shares have been 
excluded from the diluted weighted average shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive.  In addition, for the 
year ended December 31, 2023, 105,000 restricted stock units have been excluded from the calculation because their 
effect would be anti-dilutive.  

The following information presents the Company’s computations of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented 
in the statements of comprehensive income. 

2023:  
Basic EPS  
Effect of dilutive stock options  

Diluted EPS  

2022:  
Basic EPS  
Effect of dilutive stock options  

Diluted EPS  

Stock-based compensation 

Income  

Shares  

 Per share 
amount  

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

  $ 

275       3,428,021    $ 
0      
275       3,428,021    $ 

100       3,401,137    $ 
31,706      
100       3,432,843    $ 

0.08 
0.00 
0.08 

0.03 
0.00  
0.03 

The Company records compensation expense for stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on 
the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) model. The Company uses historical data, among other 
factors, to estimate the expected price volatility, the expected option life and the expected forfeiture rate. The risk-
free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the estimated life of the option. 
At December 31, 2023, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan. 

New Accounting Standard Adopted 

Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement 
of Credit Losses on Financial Statements requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at 
amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a 
valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying 
value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 
2023 had no significant impact on our financial statements. 

29 

 
  
  
 
  
  
   
  
    
    
  
   
     
       
       
  
    
       
       
   
    
       
   
    
       
       
   
    
       
       
   
    
       
 
 
 
 
 
 ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 2. Investments 

The Company has investments in commercial paper, Treasury Bills, and common equity securities of two private U.S. 
companies.  The commercial paper investment is in U.S. debt with ratings of F1+.  The Treasury Bills have original 
maturities ranging from two months to three months.  Treasury Bills with an original maturity date of three months or 
less are included within cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet.   

The Company classifies its investments in commercial paper and Treasury Bills as available-for-sale accounted for at 
fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive gain on the balance sheet. 

Equity securities are measured at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in non-operating income.  

The cost and estimated fair value of the investments are as follows: 

December 31, 2023  
Money Market Savings 
Treasury Bills  
Equity Securities  

Less Cash Equivalents  
Total Investments, December 31, 2023  

December 31, 2022  
Commercial Paper 
Treasury Bills  
Equity Securities  

Less Cash Equivalents  
Total Investments, December 31, 2022  

Gross 
unrealized 
gain 

Gross 
unrealized 
loss 

Fair 
value 

Cost  

1,902      $ 
7,900         
54         
9,856         
9,802         
54      $ 

1,377      $ 
7,922         
54         
9,353         
7,319         
2,034      $ 

    $ 

    $ 

    $ 

    $ 

30 

0     $ 
26        
2        
28        
26        
2     $ 

0     $ 
32        
2        
34        
32        
2     $ 

0     $ 
0        
0       
0       
0        
0    $ 

0     $ 
0        
0       
0       
0        
0    $ 

1,902 
7,926 
56 
9,884 
9,828 
56 

1,377 
7,954 
56 
9,387 
7,351 
2,036 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
     
     
     
  
       
          
         
         
  
       
       
   
       
       
   
       
            
           
           
   
       
          
         
         
  
       
       
   
       
       
 
 
 ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.  
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income are as follows:  

    Years Ended December 31,   

2023  

2022  

Unrealized Gains 
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period  
Less: Reclassification of gains included in net income 

   $ 

Deferred Taxes on Unrealized Gains:  
Increase in deferred taxes on unrealized gains arising during the period        
Less: Reclassification of taxes on gains included in net income 

0     $ 
(1)      
(1)      

0        
0       
0       

Net Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

   $ 

(1)   $ 

1  
0 
1 

0  
0 
0 

1 

Note 3. Fair Value Measurements 

The following table provides information on those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  

December 31, 2023 

Assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents:  
Money market savings 

    Treasury Bills 
Equity securities  

December 31, 2022 

Carrying 
amount in        
balance 
sheet  

Fair Value Measurement Using  

       Fair Value         Level 1          Level 2          Level 3      

    $ 

1,902    $ 
7,926     
56      

1,902    $ 
7,926     
56      

1,902     $ 
7,926      
0       

0     $ 
0      
0       

0   
0  
56   

Carrying 
amount in       

   balance sheet      Fair Value       Level 1  

     Level 2  

     Level 3  

Fair Value Measurement Using  

Assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents:  

Commercial paper  
Treasury Bills 

Treasury Bills - maturity date greater than three 
months 
Equity securities  

    $ 

1,377    $ 
5,974     

1,377    $ 
5,974     

1,377     $ 
5,974      

1,980      
56      

1,980      
56      

1,980       
0       

0    $ 
0     

0      
0      

0  
0 

0  
56  

31 

 
 
  
  
   
   
   
     
  
      
         
   
      
   
      
   
      
         
   
      
         
   
      
   
      
   
      
         
   
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
      
   
   
   
   
     
     
     
      
    
      
       
       
        
        
    
 
 
      
  
  
   
   
   
    
  
   
  
   
     
     
     
     
   
      
       
       
        
       
   
 
 
      
      
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts 

The fair value of the money market funds, commercial paper, and Treasury Bills is based on quoted market prices in 
an active market. Closing prices are readily available from active markets and are used as being representative of 
fair value. The Company classifies these securities as level 1.  

The equity securities owned by the Company are investments in two non-publicly traded companies.  There is an 
undeterminable market for each of these two companies and the Company has determined the value based on 
financial and other factors, which are considered level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.  

The change in level 3 assets at fair value on a recurring basis is summarized as follows:  

Beginning Balance 
Change in value 
Ending Balance 

   Years Ended December 31,    

2023 

2022 

   $

   $

56    $
0      
56    $

56   
0  
56   

Note 4. Inventories 

Inventories used in the determination of cost of goods sold are as follows: 

Raw Materials  
Work In Process  
Finished Goods 
Reserve for Obsolescence 
Total Inventories 

32 

December 31,  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

  $ 

1,172    $ 
301      
288      
(10)    
1,751    $ 

1,162   
278   
315   
(10 )
1,745   

 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
     
   
     
 
  
  
   
  
  
   
  
    
  
    
    
   
 
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 5. Property and Equipment, Net 

The following is a summary of property and equipment: 

Autos 
Equipment  
Furniture and Fixtures  
Right-of-Use Asset 
Building  
Land  

Less Accumulated Depreciation 
Total Property and Equipment  

December 31,  

2023  

2022  

  $

  $ 

63     $
282      
463       
30     
1,373       
415       
2,626       
1,675       
951     $ 

63  
282  
491  
30 
1,373  
415  
2,654  
1,679  
975  

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $94 and $107, respectively. 

Note 6. Net Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets included the following: 

Communication Technology  

Net Intangible Assets  

Average  
Useful  
Lives 
  3 Years      

    $ 

December 31, 2022  

Gross  
Carrying  
Amount 

Accumulated 
Amortization       

Net  
Carrying  
Amount 

150
150    $ 

150 
150     $ 

0  
0   

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $38. 

Note 7. Accrued Expenses 

Accrued expenses include the following:  

Wages and Commissions  
Other  

Total Accrued Expenses  

33 

December 31,  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

  $ 

255     $ 
68       

323     $ 

328  
22  

350  

 
  
  
   
  
  
   
  
     
  
   
    
   
    
    
   
    
    
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
      
   
   
   
      
      
   
 
      
   
  
 
  
  
   
  
  
   
  
     
  
    
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.  
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 8. Leases 

The Company had a financing lease for office equipment which ended in December 2023.  The lease has been 
extended as an operating lease on a month-to-month basis.  Lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 
was $1. 

The components of lease expense were as follows: 

Finance lease cost:  
Amortization of right-of-use assets  
Interest on lease liabilities  
Total finance lease cost  

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:  

Finance leases  
Property and equipment, gross  
Accumulated amortization  
      Property and equipment, net 

  Years Ended December 31,   

2023 

2022 

 $ 

 $ 

5   $
0    
5   $

6  
1  
7  

December 31, 

2023  

2022 

$ 

$ 

30    $
(30)   
0    $

30 
(25)
5 

Note 9. Merger Agreement with Mobile X Global, Inc.  

On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with 
Mobile X Newco, Inc., a Delaware corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), and 
Mobile X Global, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Mobile X”).  

On January 30, 2023, the Company and Mobile X terminated the Merger Agreement.  A condition to the closing of 
the merger transaction was the consummation of an equity financing that the parties anticipated would be a PIPE 
investment (private investment in public entity).  The financing necessary to consummate the merger was pursued 
but was not available due to difficult conditions in the financial markets, including the markets for PIPE 
investments. 

34 

 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
     
      
 
   
  
  
 
 
  
  
     
 
    
       
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation 

The 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) authorizes the issuance of nonqualified stock options and 
restricted stock units. Payment for the shares may be made in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a 
combination thereof. Under the terms of the 2013 Plan, incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are 
granted at a minimum of 100% of fair market value on the date of grant and may be exercised at various times 
depending upon the terms of the option. All existing options expire 10 years from the date of grant or one year from 
the date of death.  The grants require an acceleration of vesting upon a change of control in the Company. 

Under the 2013 Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 600,000 shares through stock options and awards 
such as restricted stock or restricted stock units. As of December 31, 2023, under the 2013 Plan, 25,000 shares had 
been issued, options to purchase an aggregate of 175,000 shares were outstanding, of which options to 
purchase 95,000 shares were exercisable.  During 2023, the Company also granted 105,000 restricted stock units. 
There are 295,000 additional shares available for issuance pursuant to awards that may be granted under the plan in 
the future. 

Under the 1997 Plan, the Company was authorized to grant options to purchase up to 450,000 shares of its common 
stock.  As of December 31, 2023, there were no options to purchase shares outstanding under the 1997 Plan. The 
board terminated the plan in 2014, but there were 7,500 outstanding options on that date that remained outstanding 
until they were exercised in 2022. 

Stock Options 

In 2023, the Company granted 25,000 non-qualified stock options each to its Chief Executive Officer and to three of 
its four non-employee board members. The options vest 20% on the grant date, with an additional 20% vesting 
annually thereafter.  There were no options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022. 

The assumptions made in estimating the fair value of the options on the grant date based upon the BSM option-
pricing model for the year ended December 31, 2023 are as follows:  

Dividend Yield  
Expected Volatility  
Risk Free Interest Rate  
Expected Life  

  0.00%   
 25.56%  
  4.35%   
 6 Years 

The Company calculates expected volatility for stock options and other awards using the Company's historical 
volatility as the Company believes the expected volatility will approximate historical volatility. 

35 

 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

There were no options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2023.  There were 32,500 options exercised 
during the year ended December 31, 2022.  The Company had 225,000 options expire during the year ended 
December 31, 2023.  

The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding incentive stock options under the 2013 Plan and 1997 
Plan:  

Options Outstanding  
Weighted- 
Average Remaining
Contractual  
Term    
(in years) 

Weighted- 
Average  
Exercise  
Price 

Aggregate  
Intrinsic 
Value 

Number of 
Shares 

    332,500    $ 
0       
    (32,500)       
0       
    300,000       
    100,000       

0 

   (225,000)       
    175,000    $ 

4.30     

3.76     

4.35     
4.25     

4.57     
4.06     

2.6      

3.4      

1.4      
9.7      

0.0      
6.8    $

20 

    95,000    $ 

3.84     

     $ 

20 

Balance at December 31, 2021 

Granted  
Exercised  
Expired  

Balance at December 31, 2022  

Granted  
Exercised  
Expired  

Balance at December 31, 2023 

Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 
2023  

As of December 31, 2023, the unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options is $111, 
which the Company expects to recognize over a period of four years. To the extent the forfeiture rate is different 
than we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to the awards will be different from our 
expectations. The Company recognized compensation expense in connection with the vesting of options of 
approximately $38 and $3 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.  

36 

 
 
 
   
    
  
   
    
      
    
    
  
   
  
  
   
     
      
  
  
   
      
       
  
  
  
   
    
     
      
  
  
 
 
 
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Restricted stock units 

The 2013 Plan authorizes the issuance of restricted stock units.  Stock-based compensation expense is determined on 
the grant date based on the closing market value of our common stock. The amount of expense is calculated based 
on an estimate of the number of awards expected to vest at the end of each vesting period and is expensed evenly 
over the vesting period.  In connection with the time of vesting and issuance of shares, an eligible recipient of 
common stock may elect to have some shares withheld by the Company to satisfy any requirement for withholding 
taxes. 

In 2023, the Company granted 35,000 restricted stock units to its Chief Executive Officer and 17,500 restricted 
stock units to each of its four non-employee board members. The restricted stock units vest 20% on the first 
anniversary of the grant and 20% annually thereafter. 

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2023: 

  Unvested Restricted Stock Units 

  Number of 
Shares 

Weighted-
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value 

Unvested as of December 31, 2022   
    Granted 
    Vested 
    Forfeited/canceled 
Unvested as of December 31, 2023   

0   $ 

105,000    
0    
0    

105,000   $ 

0.00   
4.11   
0.00   
0.00   
4.11   

As of December 31, 2023, the unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding restricted stock units is 
$403, which the Company expects to recognize over a period of five years. The Company recognized compensation 
expense in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units of approximately $29 for year ended December 31, 
2023. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 11. Benefit Plans 

Employee stock ownership plan 

The Company sponsors an employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) that covers substantially all employees who 
work 1,000 or more hours during the year. The ESOP has, at various times, secured financing from the Company to 
purchase the Company’s shares on the open market. When the ESOP purchases shares with the proceeds of the 
Company loans, the shares are pledged as collateral for these loans. The shares are maintained in a suspense account 
until released and allocated to participant accounts. The ESOP owns 94,434 shares of the Company’s stock at 
December 31, 2023. All shares held by the ESOP have been released and allocated to participants' accounts. No 
dividends were paid during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.  The ESOP had no debt to the Company 
at December 31, 2023 or 2022. 

The Company recognized compensation expense for contributions of $20 and $30 to the ESOP plan for the years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 

In the event a terminated ESOP participant desires to sell his or her shares of the Company’s stock and the shares are 
not readily tradable, the Company may be required to purchase the shares from the participant at fair market value. 
In addition, at its election, the Company may distribute the ESOP’s shares to the terminated participant. At 
December 31, 2023, 94,434 shares of the Company’s stock, with an aggregate fair market value of approximately 
$359, are held by ESOP participants who, if terminated, would have rights under the repurchase provisions if the 
Company's stock were not readily traded. The Company believes because its stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital 
Market it meets the ESOP requirements and that there would not be a current obligation for it to repurchase any 
distributed ESOP shares.  

Profit sharing plan and savings plan 

The Company has a salary reduction and profit sharing plan that conforms to IRS provisions for 401(k) plans. The 
Company may make profit-sharing contributions with the approval of the Board of Directors. There were no profit-
sharing contributions by the Company in 2023 or 2022. 

38 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

Note 12. Income Taxes 

The components of the income tax provision are as follows: 

Current:  

Federal  
State  
Deferred:  
Federal  
State  

Total Federal and State Income Taxes  

  Years Ended December 31  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

  $ 

201      $ 
1        

(99)      
0       
103     $ 

19 
1  

(48)
0 
(28)

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount obtained by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to 
pretax income due to the following: 

Computed “Expected” Federal Tax Expense 
Increase (Decrease) in Taxes Resulting From:  
State Income Taxes, net of Federal Benefit  
R&D Credits  
Permanent Differences  
Other  

Total Federal and State Income Taxes  

39 

  Years Ended December 31  

2023  

2022  

  $ 

79      $ 

1        
(63)      
4        
82       
103     $ 

  $ 

15 

1  
0 
2  
(46) 
(28) 

 
  
  
 
 
 
   
  
      
  
   
     
         
  
    
         
   
    
    
         
   
    
    
 
  
 
   
  
      
  
 
     
         
  
    
         
   
    
    
    
    
  
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 

The components of the net deferred tax asset consist of:    

Deferred Tax Assets:  
Vacation accrual  
Allowance for credit losses 
Stock compensation  
Bonus  
Depreciation and amortization  
Inventory obsolescence 
R&D expenses 
R&D credit carryforward  
Valuation allowance   

Total Deferred Tax Assets  

Deferred Tax Liabilities:  

Prepaid expenses  

Total Deferred Tax Liabilities  

  $ 

December 31 

2023  

2022  

26      $ 
2        
6        
2        
71        
2     
273     
279        
(279)      
382        

25  
2  
91  
11  
94  
2 
0 
313  
(252) 
286  

27        
27        

30  
30  

Net Deferred Tax Asset  

  $ 

355      $ 

256  

R&D credits can be carried forward for twenty years for federal purposes and fifteen years in Minnesota. 

The Company is materially subject to the following taxing jurisdictions: U.S. and Minnesota. The tax years 2020 
through 2022 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions. We have 
no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as of January 1, 2023 or December 31, 2023 and 
uncertain tax positions are not significant.  

Note 13. Contingencies 

The Company sometimes becomes subject to claims against it in the ordinary course of business.  There are 
currently no pending or threatened claims against the Company that it believes will have a material adverse effect on 
its results of operations or liquidity. 

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Item 9.                   Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and 
Financial Disclosure. 

None. 

Item 9A.                Controls and Procedures. 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

The person serving as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated the effectiveness of 
our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, the person serving as the Company’s principal 
executive officer and principal financial officer has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the 
Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and 
(ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and 
principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management is required to assess the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and report, based on that 
assessment, whether the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. 

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance as to 
the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 

Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, internal 
control over financial reporting determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to 
financial statement preparation and may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Moreover, projections of any 
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of 
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

The Company’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, the Company used the criteria established by the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in “Internal Control-Integrated 
Framework (2013).” These criteria are in the areas of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, 
information and communication, and monitoring. The Company’s assessment included extensive documenting, 
evaluating and testing the design and operating effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Based 
on this evaluation, the person serving as the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer 
has concluded that the Company’s internal controls were effective as of December 31, 2023. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 that were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by 
paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably 
likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 

41 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Item 9B.                Other Information. 

None 

Item 9C.                Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. 

None 

42 

 
  
  
 
  
  
 
PART III 

Certain information required by Part III is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement 
pursuant to Regulation 14A (the “2024 Proxy Statement”) for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 
24, 2024 (“Annual Meeting”). 

Item 10.                 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. 

The information required by Item 401 under Regulation S-K, to the extent applicable to the Company’s directors, will 
be  set  forth  under  the  caption  “Election  of  Directors”  in  the  2024  Proxy  Statement  and  is  incorporated  herein  by 
reference. The information required with respect to the Company sole executive officer, who is also a director, will 
be set forth under the caption “Election of Directors.” 

The information required by Item 405 regarding compliance with Section 16(a), if any, will be set forth under the 
caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.  If 
there are no Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports required, this section will be omitted from the 2024 Proxy Statement. 

Code of Ethics and Business Conduct 

The  Company  has  adopted  the  Electro-Sensors  Code  of  Ethics  and  Business  Conduct  (the  “Code  of  Conduct”) 
applicable to all officers and employees of the Company. A copy of the Code of Conduct can be obtained free of 
charge upon written request directed to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer at the Company’s executive offices. 
Any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Conduct will be posted to our website. 

The information required by Item 407 regarding corporate governance will be set forth under the caption “Corporate 
Governance” in the 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 11.                 Executive Compensation. 

The information called for by Item 402 under Regulation S-K, will be set forth under the caption “Executive 
Compensation” in the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 12.                 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and 
Related Stockholder Matters. 

The information called for by Item 403 under Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Security 
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 

43 

 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2023 about the Company’s equity compensation plans. 

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

Number of securities to 
be issued upon exercise 
of outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Weighted average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 

Equity compensation plans approved by 

security holders 

Equity compensation plans not approved by 

security holders 

Total 

(a) 

280,000 

— 

280,000 

(1) Shares issuable pursuant to the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. 

(b) 

$4.06 

— 

$4.06 

Number of securities 
remaining 
available for future 
issuance under 
equity compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in 
column (a)) 

(c) 

295,000(1) 

— 

295,000(1) 

Item 13.                 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director 
Independence. 

The information required by Item 404 under Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Transactions with 
Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons” in the 2024 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference. 

The information required by Item 407(a) will be set forth in the 2024 Proxy Statement under the caption “Corporate 
Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference. 

Item 14.                  Principal Accountant Fees and Services. 

The information required by Item 14 of Form 10-K and 9(e) of Schedule 14A will be set forth under the caption 
“Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 

44 

 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
PART IV 

Item 15.                 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. 

Financial Statements. 

Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements appearing on Page 19 hereof. 

Financial Statement Schedules. 

The Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted either because they are not required or because the 
information has been included in the financial statements or the notes thereto included in this Annual Report. 

Exhibits.  

Exhibit 
Number   

Exhibit Description 

3.1

3.2

4.1

*10.1

*10.2

*10.3

*10.4

10.5

Electro-Sensors, Inc Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended—incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 
Electro-Sensors, Inc. Bylaws, as amended June 10, 2022, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the 
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 
Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 
Electro-Sensors, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the 
Company’s Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders 
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan – incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2013 
Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as updated 
August 2023 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on 
November 14, 2023 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan - incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023 
Mutual Termination Agreement, dated January 30, 2023 between Electro-Sensors, Inc. and Mobile X 
Global, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed January 31, 
2023 

23.1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
24.1   Power of Attorney (see Signature page) 
31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 

32.1

97.1  Compensation Recoupment Policy as adopted on October 18, 2023 
99.1   Letter to Shareholders dated March 15, 2024 
99.2  
101

Investor Information 
The following financial information from Electro-Sensors, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
annual period ended December 31, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting 
Language): (i) Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, (ii) Statements of Comprehensive 
Income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Statements of Cash Flows for years 
ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, (iv)  Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, and (v) Notes 
to Financial Statements. 

 * 

Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement 

45 

 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
Item 16.                 Form 10-K Summary 

None 

46 

 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly 
caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES 

ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
(“Registrant”) 
By: 

/s/ DAVID L. KLENK 

David L. Klenk 
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief 
Financial Officer 

Date: March 15, 2024 

By: 

/s/ GLORIA M. GRUNDHOEFER 

Gloria M. Grundhoefer 
Controller 
Date: March 15, 2024 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the 
following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

(Power of Attorney) 

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints DAVID L. KLENK as his true and lawful 
attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and 
stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the 
same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and 
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes 
as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all said attorney-in-fact and agents, or his 
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.  

Signature 

Title 

Date 

/s/David L. Klenk 

   President and Director (CEO and CFO) 

/s/ Joseph A. Marino 

   Chairman and Director 

/s/ Scott A. Gabbard 

   Director 

/s/ Michael C. Zipoy 

   Director 

/s/ Jeffrey D. Peterson     Director 

47 

   March 15, 2024 

   March 15, 2024 

   March 15, 2024 

   March 15, 2024 

   March 15, 2024 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
EXHIBIT 23.1 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (333-48995 and 333-
210944) of Electro-Sensors, Inc. of our report dated March 15, 2024 relating to the financial statements that appear 
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. 

/s/ Boulay PLLP  
Minneapolis, MN 
March 15, 2024 

1 

 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

EXHIBIT 31.1 

I, David L. Klenk, certify that: 

1. 

I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Electro-Sensors Inc.; 

2.  Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3.  Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 

4. 

I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 
procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which 
this report is being prepared; 

(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over 
financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;  

(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the 
end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 

(d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 

5. 

I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing 
the equivalent functions): 

(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 

(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.  

March 15, 2024 

/s/ David L. Klenk 
David L. Klenk 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 

1 

 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
EXHIBIT 32.1 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO  
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, David L. Klenk, Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted 
pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934; and  

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company. 

March 15, 2024 

/s/ David L. Klenk 
David L. Klenk 
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 

1 

 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
COMPENSATION RECOUPMENT POLICY 
ADOPTED AS OF OCTOBER 18, 2023 

EXHIBIT 97.1 

1. Restatement. In the event of any required accounting restatement of the financial statements of Electro-Sensors, 
Inc. (the “Company”) due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement 
under the applicable U.S. federal securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in 
previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would 
result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current 
period (a “Restatement”), the Company will recover reasonably promptly from any person who is or was an 
“Executive Officer,” as such term is defined in Rule 10D-1 adopted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 5608 of the Nasdaq listing rules, of the Company (each, a “Covered 
Person”) the amount of any “Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation” (as defined below). This Policy 
is effective as of October 2, 2023, the effective date of Rule 5608 of the Nasdaq listing rules (the “Effective Date”) 

2. Amount. The amount of Incentive-Based Compensation (as defined below) that must be recovered from a 
Covered Person pursuant to the immediately preceding paragraph is the amount of “Recoverable Incentive-Based 
Compensation” (as defined below) received by a Covered Person that exceeds the amount of Recoverable Incentive-
Based Compensation that otherwise would have been received had it been determined based on the restated 
amounts, computed without regard to any taxes paid (referred to as the “Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based 
Compensation”). For Recoverable Incentive-Based Compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return, 
where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation is not subject to mathematical 
recalculation directly from the information in a Restatement, the amount must be based on a reasonable estimate of 
the effect of the Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return, as applicable, upon which the 
Recoverable Incentive-Based Compensation was received, and the Company must maintain documentation of that 
reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). For the purposes 
of this Policy, Recoverable Incentive-Based Compensation will be deemed to be received in the fiscal period during 
which the financial reporting measure specified in the applicable Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, 
even if the payment or grant occurs after the end of that period. 

3.  Definitions: 

(a) “Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based 
wholly or in part upon the attainment of a “financial reporting measure,” which means a measure that is 
determined and presented in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles which are used 
in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from 
such measures. Stock price and total shareholder return are also financial reporting measures for this 
purpose. For avoidance of doubt, a financial reporting measure need not be presented within the 
Company’s financial statements or included in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

1 

 
  
  
  
  
 
(b) “Recoverable Incentive-Based Compensation” means all Incentive-Based Compensation received on 
or after the Effective Date of this Policy set forth above by a Covered Person: (i) after beginning service 
as an executive officer; (ii) who served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance 
period for the Incentive-Based Compensation; (iii) while the Company has a class of securities listed on a 
national securities exchange or a national securities association; and (iv) during the three completed 
fiscal years immediately preceding the date that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement, 
including any applicable transition period that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year within 
or immediately following those three completed fiscal years. For this purpose, the Company is deemed to 
be required to prepare a Restatement on the earlier of: (i) the date the Board of Directors of the Company 
(the “Board”), or the Company’s officers authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, 
concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare a Restatement; 
and (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a 
Restatement. The Company’s obligation to recover Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation 
is not dependent on if or when the restated financial statements are filed with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission. 

4. Recovery. The Company must recover the Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation from Covered 
Persons unless the Board determines that recovery is impracticable because: (i) the direct expense to a third party to 
assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount of Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation; 
provided that, the Company must make a reasonable attempt to recover the Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based 
Compensation before concluding that recovery is impracticable, document such reasonable attempt to recover the 
Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation and provide such documentation to Nasdaq; or (ii) recovery 
would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to 
employees of the Company, to fail to meet the applicable requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) 
and regulations thereunder. 

5. No Indemnification. In no event will the Company indemnify any Covered Person for any amounts that are 
recovered under this Policy. This Policy is in addition to (and not in lieu of) any right of repayment, forfeiture or 
right of offset against any employees that is required pursuant to any statutory repayment requirement (regardless of 
whether implemented at any time prior to or following the adoption or amendment of this Policy), including Section 
304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any amounts paid to the Company pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act of 2002 will be considered in determining any amounts recovered under this Policy. 

6. Other Company Rights. The application and enforcement of this Policy does not preclude the Company from 
taking any other action to enforce a Covered Person’s obligations to the Company, including termination of 
employment or institution of legal proceedings. Nothing in this Policy restricts the Company from seeking 
recoupment under any other compensation recoupment Policy or any applicable provisions in plans, agreements, 
awards or other arrangements that contemplate the recoupment of compensation from a Covered Person. If a 
Covered Person fails to repay Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation that is owed to the Company 
under this Policy, the Company must take all appropriate action to recover any Erroneously Awarded Incentive-
Based Compensation from the Covered Person, and the Covered Person will be required to reimburse the Company 
for all expenses (including legal expenses) incurred by the Company in recovering the Erroneously Awarded 
Incentive-Based Compensation. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
7. Binding Effect. The terms of this Policy will be binding and enforceable against all Covered Persons subject to 
this Policy and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives. If any provision of 
this Policy or the application of such provision to any Covered Person is adjudicated to be invalid, illegal or 
unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability will not affect any other provisions of 
this Policy, and the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions will be deemed amended to the minimum extent 
necessary to render any such provision (or the application of such provision) valid, legal or enforceable. 

8. Acknowledgement by Employee.  Each Covered Person must sign and return to the Company, within 30 calendar 
days following the later of (i) the Effective Date of this Policy first set forth above or (ii) the date the individual 
becomes a Covered Person, the Acknowledgement Form attached hereto as Exhibit A, pursuant to which the 
Covered Person agrees to be bound by, and to comply with, the terms and conditions of this Policy. 

9. Interpretation. This Policy will be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange 
Act, Rule 5608 of the Nasdaq listing rules and any related rules or regulations adopted by the Securities and 
Exchange Commission or Nasdaq (the “Applicable Rules”) as well as any other applicable law. To the extent the 
Applicable Rules require recovery of incentive-based compensation in additional circumstances beyond those 
specified above, nothing in this Policy will be deemed to limit or restrict the right or obligation of the Company to 
recover incentive-based compensation to the fullest extent required by the Applicable Rules. 

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EXHIBIT A 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
COMPENSATION RECOUPMENT POLICY 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM 

By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges and confirms that the undersigned has received and 

reviewed a copy of the Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the “Company”) Compensation Recoupment Policy (the “Policy”). 

By signing this Acknowledgement Form, the undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the undersigned is 

and will continue to be subject to the Policy and that the Policy will apply both during and after the undersigned’s 
employment with the Company. Further, by signing below, the undersigned agrees to abide by the terms of the 
Policy, including, without limitation, by returning any Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation (as 
defined in the Policy) to the Company to the extent required by, and in a manner consistent with, the Policy. 

The undersigned expressly agrees that the Company may deduct from the undersigned’s paycheck or other 

compensation otherwise to the undersigned any Erroneously Awarded Incentive-Based Compensation. 

COVERED PERSON 

Signature 

Print Name 

Date 

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Exhibit 99.1 

March 15, 2024 

Dear Shareholders:        

Welcome to the Electro-Sensors 2023 Annual Report.  Thanks for your interest in the company and your 

continued support as we provide the industry’s most reliable and cost-effective machine monitoring sensors and 
hazard monitoring systems.  For over 50 years, agricultural and industrial customers around the world have relied on 
Electro-Sensors’ products to keep their production processes running smoothly, efficiently, and safely. 

In 2023, we achieved annual revenue of $8.6 million, down 5.2% from the prior year.  Early in the year we 

experienced customers delaying certain facility upgrades and capital expenditure projects.  However, as the year 
progressed, activity increased as projects once again moved forward, leading to stronger revenue in the fourth 
quarter.  During the year we were encouraged by several repeat HazardPROTM orders from existing customers eager 
to upgrade their facilities with our advanced wireless hazard monitoring systems.  The powerful capabilities of the 
HazardPRO technology, combined with simple and cost-effective installation, continues to drive sales of these 
systems.  Furthermore, international sales continued to be an important part of our business with just over 10% of 
revenue coming from outside the United States.   

While several sectors of our supply chain began to stabilize during the year, our business was still 

negatively impacted by challenges in both availability and pricing of components used in the production of our 
products.  Additionally, the labor market for new employees remained very tight, leading to difficulty finding new 
employees and rising employee costs.  These increased costs were reflected in a 49.6% gross margin for the year, 
four percentage points lower than the prior year.  While we expect many of these supply chain and labor issues to 
continue throughout 2024, our team continues to diligently look for ways to improve efficiencies and adjust pricing 
as necessary to steadily improve our gross margin. 

On the corporate development front, we continue to look for ways to grow our business and provide value 

to our shareholders.  In early 2023, we terminated our proposed merger with Mobile X Global, Inc. due to 
unfavorable conditions in the financial markets.  We subsequently announced the formation of a special committee 
of the board of directors to continue the process of identifying and assessing opportunities that may lead to value 
creation for the Company.  Our special committee continues to be very active in these pursuits and will 
communicate with you as appropriate when we reach a point where disclosure is prudent. 

Thanks again for your support of Electro-Sensors.  We have an amazing legacy of providing world-leading 

products and services through an amazing team of dedicated employees, and we look forward to building on this 
legacy into an exciting future. 

We invite you to join our virtual annual shareholder meeting on April 24, 2024.  Please see your proxy 

statement or visit our website (www.electro-sensors.com) for details on how to access and participate in the virtual 
meeting.  

  David Klenk  

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Annual Meeting 

INVESTOR INFORMATION 

The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ELSE2024 on April 24, 
2024 at 2:00 p.m. Central time. All shareholders are welcome to attend and take part in the discussion of Company 
affairs.  

Exhibit 99.2 

Board of Directors  
David L. Klenk  
President, Electro-Sensors, Inc. 

Joseph A. Marino 
Chairman of the Board  
President, Cardia, Inc. 

Scott A. Gabbard  
Retired Finance Executive, Magenic Technologies, Inc. 

Michael C. Zipoy  
Retired Investment Executive, Feltl and Company 

Jeffrey D. Peterson  
Private Investor 

Officers  
David L. Klenk  
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 

Transfer Agent & Registrar  
Equiniti Trust Company, LLC 
48 Wall Street, Floor 23 
New York, NY 10005 

Auditors   
Boulay PLLP 
7500 Flying Cloud Drive, Ste. 800 
Minneapolis, MN 55344 

Counsel  
Holland Hart LLP 
555 17th Street Suite 3200 
Denver, CO 80202 

Exchange Listing  
The Nasdaq Stock Market (Capital Market) 
Common Stock 
Stock Trading Symbol: ELSE 

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