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Electro-Sensors Inc.

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FY2024 Annual Report · Electro-Sensors Inc.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, DC 20549 
Form 10-K 
☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE 
ACT OF 1934  
   
   
   
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024  
or  
☐ 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES 
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
   
  
Commission file number 000-09587  
  
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)  
Minnesota  
  
41-0943459  
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or 
organization) 
  
(IRS Employer Identification No.)  
   
  
6111 Blue Circle Drive 
Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343-9108 
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) 
   
  
   
(952) 930-0100  
(Registrant’s telephone number) 
   
  
   
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: 
Title of each class 
Trading Symbol(s) 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock 
ELSE 
Nasdaq Capital Market 
  
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: 
None 
  
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 
Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ 
  
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the 
Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ 
 
1 
 

 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant 
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 
days. Yes ☒  No ☐ 
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐ 
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, 
a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” 
“accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act. 
Large accelerated filer  
☐  
Accelerated filer ☐  
Non-accelerated filer  
☒ 
Smaller reporting company ☒ 
 
 
Emerging growth company ☐ 
  
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended 
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 
13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of 
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under §404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐  
 
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial 
statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial 
statements. ☐ 
 
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of 
incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery 
period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange 
Act). Yes ☐ No  ☒ 
  
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates (persons other than officers, directors, or 
holders of more than 5% of the outstanding stock) of the registrant was approximately $6,500,000 based upon the 
closing price of its common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market® on June 28, 2024. 
  
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.10 par value, on March 18, 2025 was 
3,449,021. 
  
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE 
Certain information called for by Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference from the registrant’s 
Definitive Proxy Statement, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of 
the fiscal year covered by this report. 
  
  
  
2 
 

 
  
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.  
Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
PART I 
4
Item 1. Business 
4
Item 1A. Risk Factors 
11
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 
11
Item 1C. Cybersecurity 
11
Item 2. Properties 
12
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 
12
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 
12
 
 
PART II 
12
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities 
12
Item 6. [Reserved]  
12
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations  
13
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 
17
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 
18
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 
38
Item 9A Controls and Procedures 
38
Item 9B. Other Information  
39
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 
39
 
 
PART III 
40
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance  
40
Item 11. Executive Compensation  
40
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters  
40
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence  
41
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services  
41
 
 
PART IV 
42
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 
42
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 
43
 
 
SIGNATURES 
44
   
3 
 

 
PART I 
  
Item 1.                     Business.  
  
Introduction 
  
Electro-Sensors, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or “ESI”) manufactures and sells industrial production 
monitoring and process control systems.  
  
In addition, we may periodically make strategic investments in other businesses and companies, including 
investments that we believe would facilitate the development of technology complementary to our existing products 
or investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders.  
  
ESI was incorporated in Minnesota in July 1968. Our executive offices are located at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, 
Minnetonka, Minnesota, 55343-9108. Our telephone number is (952) 930-0100. 
  
Products 
  
We manufacture a complete line of monitoring and control systems for a wide range of industrial machine 
applications.  The systems measure machine production and operation rates, as well as regulate the speed of related 
machines in production processes. 
  
Our goal is to develop meaningful annual updates to our products. 
  
We have a sales agreement with Motrona GmbH, a German control and interface devices manufacturer, under which 
we have the right to distribute Motrona products in the United States. These products interface with our products on 
various applications for motion monitoring. 
  
      Speed Monitoring Systems 
 
Our speed monitoring systems compare revolutions per minute or speed against acceptable rates as determined by 
our customers. These systems vary in complexity, from simple systems that detect slow-downs or stoppages, to 
sophisticated systems that warn of deviations from precise tolerances and that permit various subsidiary operations 
to be determined through monitoring shaft speed. 
  
Our speed monitoring systems also include a line of products that measure production counts or rates, such as 
number of parts, gallons per minute, or board feet. These speed monitoring systems include alarm systems, 
tachometers, and other devices that translate impulses from the sensors into alarm signals utilized by our customers. 
 
4 
 

 
 
We have several products used in drive control systems that regulate the speed of motors on related machines in a 
production sequence to ensure that the performances of various operations are coordinated. The products consist of a 
line of digital control products for motors that require a complete closed loop PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) 
control. The closed loop controllers coordinate production speed among process motors and reduce waste. 
  
      Temperature Application Products 
  
Our main temperature applications include bearing, gear box, and motor temperature monitoring sensors.  These 
sensors alert an operator when the temperature exceeds or is less than a specified temperature. 
     Position Application Products 
  
We also offer production monitoring devices that include a belt alignment and slide gate position monitor.  The belt 
alignment monitor is used to determine if a belt is tracking correctly.  The slide gate position monitor is used in plant 
operations to provide feedback of the position of a slide gate.  
  
     Vibration Monitoring Products  
  
Our vibration monitors alert operators when the vibration of a machine in a production system exceeds or is less 
than a specified level.   
  
      Tilt Switches 
  
A tilt switch is designed to alert the operator when a storage bin or production system reaches a certain capacity.   
  
      Hazard Monitoring Systems  
  
Electro-Sentry We offer the Electro-Sentry 1TM and Electro-Sentry 16TM hazard monitoring systems, which integrate 
our sensors for monitoring temperature, belt alignment, and shaft speed with programmable control logic to create a 
complete hazard monitoring system. These systems enable our customers to locate which part of their material 
handling system is operating incorrectly, typically in less than ten seconds.  
  
HazardPROTM We market our wireless hazard technology monitoring system under the HazardPROproduct name. 
This integrated hazard monitoring system captures and displays key information in an intuitive format allowing the 
user to quickly and comprehensively understand the status and history of the user's processes.  The simple but 
powerful interface provides insight into a customer's internal operations as they strive to maximize safety and 
facility runtime, while minimizing costs associated with unscheduled maintenance and unplanned 
downtime.  The HazardPRO system has been approved for use in hazardous dust environments by a third-party 
nationally recognized testing laboratory. 
  
The HazardPRO site system manager software efficiently collects data from all sensors in a customer's monitoring 
system, with effective wireless monitoring across a widely dispersed area.  This product line includes a complete 
antenna pair mounting system for easy and accurate customer installation. 
 
5 
 

 
 
We expect to continue to expend resources to develop new products and to market new and existing products for use 
in a wide variety of monitoring applications. 
  
Our corporate website, www.electro-sensors.com, provides significant product application information for our 
existing and prospective customers and our sales partners. Information on our website is not incorporated by 
reference herein and is not a part of this Form 10-K.  
  
Marketing and Distribution 
  
We sell our products primarily through both our internal sales team and a number of manufacturer’s representatives 
and distributors, both nationally and internationally. In 2024, we had international sales through distributors in the 
following countries; Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Columbia, United Kingdom, Germany, Ukraine, Egypt, 
United Arab Emirates, South Africa, India, Australia, China, the Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, 
Thailand, and Singapore. Sales to customers outside the United States represented approximately 12% of revenues 
in 2024. We sell our products under the Electro-Sensors, Inc. brand as a range of products from simple sensors to 
complex integrated monitoring systems.  Our customers operate in a wide range of industries, including 
grain/feed/milling, bulk materials, manufacturing, food products, ethanol, power generation, and other processing 
industries. 
  
We continue to explore new industries and applications within the industries we serve to expand sales and may also 
consider acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part of our growth strategy.  In addition, we may make 
strategic investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders. 
In addition to enhanced operational safety, we believe that a wide variety of organizations could achieve significant 
savings in both time and materials by adding production monitoring and drive control technology to existing 
processes to coordinate the operation of related machines and help prevent costly downtime. We sell our products 
into both the “retro-fit” market and into new manufacturing or processing systems. 
  
We advertise in national industrial periodicals that cover a range of industries and attend several local, national and 
international industry tradeshows throughout the year. We also use our corporate website and other related industry 
websites for advertising and marketing purposes. 
  
Competition 
  
We face substantial competition in the sale of our production monitoring sensors and systems from a broad range of 
industrial and commercial businesses. Among our competitors are 4B Components Ltd., Maxi-Tronic, Inc., Siemens 
Corporation, and Ag Growth International Inc. (AGI). We believe our competitive advantages include our products' 
superior design and quality, and that our products are sold as ready-to-install units that can be used in a wide range 
of applications. Our major challenges include the fact that several of our competitors are larger, may have better 
established names, have a broader range of sensing instruments, and have larger sales forces and capital resources.  
 
6 
 

 
  
Suppliers  
We purchase parts and materials for our systems from various manufacturers and distributors. In some instances, 
these materials are manufactured in accordance with our proprietary designs. Multiple sources of these parts and 
materials are generally available, and we typically do not depend on any single source for these supplies and 
materials. While we believe that our supply chain began to stabilize this year, we occasionally 
experience unexpected price increases and delivery delays.  To meet these challenges, we seek additional sources for 
components and modify product designs to accommodate new components that are more readily available at 
competitive prices. There is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in modifying these designs and 
sourcing alternative components and material.  As a result, we could experience significant delays in receiving 
certain components needed to make timely customer deliveries, as well as increased costs that erode gross 
margins. We continue to closely monitor lead times and availability of components. We are continually assessing 
our inventory levels and may take actions as necessary to minimize disruptions to our supply chain such as 
maintaining larger levels of inventories than we have in the past, but these actions may not be successful if 
significant disruptions occur. 
  
Customers 
  
We do not depend upon a single or a few customers for 10% or more portion of our sales.   
  
Patents, Trademarks and Licenses  
  
The Company relies on a combination of patent, trademark, and trade secret laws to establish proprietary right in its 
products. 
  
We have registered the name “Electro-Sensors” as a trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 
(“USPTO”), Reg. No. 1,142,310. We believe this trademark has been and will continue to be useful in developing 
and protecting market recognition for our products. We established the HazardPRO trademark during 2014 and 
intend to register this trademark. 
  
We hold six patents relating to our production monitoring systems. We believe strongly in protecting our intellectual 
property and have a long history of obtaining patents, when available, in connection with our research and product 
development programs. We also rely upon trade secrets and proprietary know-how. 
  
We seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary intellectual property, including know-how, in part, through 
confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, and other parties. However, we cannot ensure these 
agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets will 
not otherwise become known or independently developed by competitors. 
  
Seasonality 
Generally, the Company experiences seasonality in the sale of its products with the second and third calendar 
quarters historically the strongest. 
  
7 
 

 
  
Business Development Activities 
  
We continue to seek growth opportunities, both internally through our existing portfolio of products, technologies 
and markets, as well as externally through technology partnerships or related-product or business acquisitions.  In 
addition, we may make strategic or other investments that we believe present opportunities for the Company and its 
shareholders.  The Company's Board of Directors has established a special committee and continues to explore 
business development and other strategic alternatives. 
  
Governmental Approvals 
  
Although we are not required to obtain governmental approval of our products, we choose to obtain certain third-
party certifications to meet customer needs and may expand market opportunities in certain industries. 
  
Effect of Governmental Regulations 
  
We do not believe that any existing or proposed governmental regulations will have a material effect on our 
business. 
  
Research and Development  
  
We invest in research and development programs to develop new products and to integrate state-of-the-art 
technology into our existing products. We undertake development projects based upon the identified specific needs 
of the markets we serve.  Our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations” section further describes our research and development expenditures. 
  
Our future success depends in part upon our ability to develop new products in our varying segments. Difficulties or 
delays in our ability to develop, produce, test, market, and deliver new products could have a material adverse effect 
on future sales growth. 
  
Compliance with Environmental Laws 
  
Compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws has only a nominal effect on current or anticipated 
capital expenditures and has had no material effect on earnings or on our competitive position. 
  
Human Capital  
  
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 40 employees, all of whom are full-time and based in the United 
States.  We consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are currently represented 
by a labor union. 
  
The Company views its employees and culture as keys to its success.  The Company aims to attract and retain 
qualified personnel and provides wages and benefits that are competitive locally to reward employees for 
performance.  The Company values innovation, inclusion and diversity, safety, and engagement as we believe these 
are keys to attract, develop, and retain the best talent. 
  
8 
 

 
  
The health and safety of our employees is our top priority.  We believe the Company has generally been successful 
implementing appropriate measures to protect employee health and safety while maintaining business continuity and 
high levels of service to our customers. 
Our ability to maintain a competitive position and to continue to develop and market new products depends, in part, 
on our ability to retain key employees and qualified personnel. If we are unable to retain our key employees, or 
recruit and train others, our product development, marketing and sales could be adversely affected.  
 
Fluctuations in Operating Results 
  
We have experienced fluctuations in our historical operating results and expect to experience fluctuations in the 
future.  These fluctuations may affect the market price of our common stock. Sales can fluctuate as a result of a 
variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include: product competition and 
acceptance, timing of customer orders, cancellation of orders, the mix of products sold, supply chain disruptions, 
downturns in the markets we serve, geopolitical events, and economic disruptions such as weather-related events. In 
addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience increased costs for materials and labor which may 
impact our profitability.  Because fluctuations may occur, we caution investors that results of our operations for 
recent periods may not accurately predict how we will perform in the future. We cannot ensure that we will achieve 
revenue or earnings growth. 
  
Expending Funds for Changes in Industry Standards, Customer Preferences or Technology 
  
Our business depends on our periodically introducing new and enhanced products and solutions to meet customer 
needs. Our product development efforts require us to commit financial resources, personnel and time, usually in 
advance of significant market demand for these products. In order to compete, we must anticipate both future 
demand and the technology available to meet that demand. We cannot ensure that our research and development 
efforts will lead to new products or product innovations that can be made available to or will be accepted by the 
market. 
 
Available Information 
  
We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and 
amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Securities 
and Exchange Commission, or SEC, maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and 
information statements, and other information that we file with the SEC electronically. Copies of our reports on 
Form 10-K, Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K, and amendments to those reports may also be obtained, free of charge, 
electronically through our investor relations website located at https://www.electro-sensors.com/about/investor-info 
as soon as reasonably practical after we file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information on our website 
is not incorporated by reference into this report and should not be considered part of this document. 
 
Forward-Looking Statements 
  
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made 
by us or on our behalf. We have made, and may continue to make, forward-looking statements with respect to our 
business and financial matters, including statements contained in this document, other filings with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission, and reports to shareholders. Forward-looking statements generally include discussion of 
current expectations or forecasts of future events and can be identified by the use of terminology such as “believe,” 
“estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “could,” “will,” and similar words or expressions. Any statement that does 
not relate solely to historical fact should be considered forward-looking. 
 
9 
 

 
  
Our forward-looking statements generally relate to our growth strategy, future financial results, product 
development and sales efforts. We make forward-looking statements throughout this Annual Report, but primarily in 
this Item 1 and Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations. These include statements relating to our beliefs and expectations and intentions with respect to (i) our 
growth and profitability, (ii) our marketing and product development, (iii) our ability to continue to obtain parts and 
materials for our products from various manufacturers and distributors in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, 
(iv) the value of our intellectual property, (v) our competitive position in the marketplace, (vi) the effect of 
governmental regulations on our business, (vii) our employee relations, (viii) the adequacy of our facilities, (ix) our 
intention to develop new products, (x) the possibility of us acquiring compatible businesses or product lines as part 
of our growth strategy, and (xi) our future cash requirements and use of cash. 
  
Forward-looking statements cannot be guaranteed and our actual results may vary materially due to the uncertainties 
and risks, known and unknown, associated with these statements, including our ability to successfully develop new 
products and manage our cash requirements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. 
We wish to caution investors that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in 
the future could affect our actual results of operations and cause these results to differ materially from those 
anticipated in forward-looking statements made in this document and elsewhere by us or on our behalf. We cannot 
foresee or identify all factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected or historical results. As such, 
investors should not consider any list of these factors to be an exhaustive statement of all risks, uncertainties or 
potentially inaccurate assumptions. These factors include our ability to:  
  
  ● successfully use our cash and liquid assets to develop or acquire new or complementary products or business 
lines to increase our revenue and profitability;  
● comply with any new government regulations that may be adopted to require companies to reduce carbon 
emissions or to disclose their carbon footprint, including the carbon footprint of components to manufacturers; 
  ● ensure that our operational systems, security systems and infrastructure, as well as those of third-party vendors, 
remain free from viruses or cyberattacks;  
  ● quickly and successfully adapt to changing industry technological standards;  
  ● comply with existing and changing industry regulations;  
  ● attract and retain key personnel, including senior management;  
● offset the effect of inflation on component prices and labor by increasing prices on finished products; 
● offset the effect of recently announced tariffs on components by increasing prices on finished products: 
  ● adapt to changing economic conditions and manage downturns or disruptions in the economy in general;   
  ● keep pace with competitors, some of whom are much larger and have substantially greater resources than us; 
● respond to geopolitical and macroeconomic events that are beyond our control, such as any downturn in the 
economy caused by (i) a government shutdown similar to those that have occurred over the past decade, (ii) 
sovereign monetary policy and the resulting impact on interest rates, or (iii) unrest in the Middle East and the 
war between Russia and the Ukraine; 
● continue to procure components for our products, and maintain a steady and reliable workforce, as described 
below under "Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics"; and 
● the fact that we cannot guarantee that the Business Development Committee our Board formed in January 2023 
to explore and pursue business development and other strategic alternatives will be successful in enhancing 
shareholder value. 
10 
 

 
 
Item 1A.                 Risk Factors.  
  
This item is not required for smaller reporting companies, but above under “Forward-Looking Statements,” we 
discuss some of the risk factors that are relevant to our business and operating results.    
  
Item 1B.                 Unresolved Staff Comments. 
None 
Item 1C.                 Cybersecurity. 
Electro-Sensors recognizes the critical importance of cybersecurity in safeguarding sensitive information, protecting 
our stakeholders, and maintaining customer trust.  Our approach to managing cybersecurity risks includes 
implementing and overseeing governance practices and policies, periodic risk assessment, an incident response plan, 
ongoing training and awareness programs, and a commitment to continuous improvement. 
Electro-Sensors’ information security is managed by our President and managers within the Company.  They are 
collectively responsible for cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, and processes.   Our Board of Directors rely on 
management to bring significant cybersecurity matters impacting the Company to its attention, including with 
respect to material risks from cybersecurity threats.  The Board is informed of cybersecurity matters on a quarterly 
basis and more often, as required. 
A reputable firm for managed IT services provides managed IT services to Electro-Sensors. Services provided 
include managed device and network monitoring, patch management, security services including endpoint security 
and firewall management, secure email gateway and antispam, backup and recovery services, and 24/7 managed 
support. The Company's external network access and email are secured with Multi-Factor Authentication. All access 
control requests are documented and executed by trained, authorized personnel. Recovery data is kept offsite, and 
credentials are not kept within the client network. All security solutions managed by the managed service provider 
send critical alerts to an external ticketing system, and all critical alerts are responded to by trained personnel. 
In the event of a cybersecurity incident, we have an incident response plan in place.  This plan includes detection, 
response, and communication with stakeholders.  Incident response is supported by appropriate third-party experts 
to address, assess, and respond to the event. The plan calls for mobilization of a response team including both 
internal and external resources as well as communication protocols so that event information is shared on a timely 
basis.  We are committed to providing timely and accurate information to our stakeholders in the event of a breach. 
As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any breach events or cybersecurity threats that could materially 
affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of 
operations, or financial condition.  However, any future potential risks from cybersecurity threats, including but not 
limited to exploitation of vulnerabilities, ransomware, denial of service, supply chain attacks, or other similar threats 
may materially affect us, including our execution of business strategy, reputation, results of operations and/or 
financial condition. 
11 
 

 
 
Item 2.                    Properties. 
  
We own and occupy a 25,400 square foot facility at 6111 Blue Circle Drive, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343-9108. 
All our operations are conducted within this facility. The facility is in excellent condition and we continue to 
maintain and update the facility as necessary. We believe the facility will be adequate for our needs in 2025. 
  
Item 3.                     Legal Proceedings. 
  
We are not the subject of any material legal proceedings as of the date of this filing and we are not aware of any 
material threatened litigation.  
  
Item 4.                    Mine Safety Disclosures. 
  
Not applicable.  
 
PART II 
  
Item 5.                   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters 
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.  
  
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market® under the symbol “ELSE.”  
  
Based on data provided by our transfer agent, as of February 27, 2025, we had 55 shareholders of record who held 
834,132 shares of the Company’s common stock. 
 
At the time of this report, the Company does not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. 
  
From time to time, we may be required to repurchase our common stock as a result of Employee Stock Ownership 
Plan ("ESOP") obligations described in Note 9 to our 2024 financial statements. We did not repurchase any common 
stock during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
  
The information required by Item 201(d) of SEC Regulation S-K is set forth in Item 12 of this Form 10-K. 
  
Item 6.                    [Reserved].  
   
12 
 

 
  
  
Item 7.                   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results 
of Operations.  
  
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes. This 
discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ 
materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 1 of 
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 
  
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 
  
The following table contains selected financial information, for the years indicated, from our statements of 
comprehensive income expressed as a percentage of net sales.  
  
   
   Years Ended December 31,     
   
   
2024  
      
2023  
   
Net sales  
   
100.0%    
100.0 %
Cost of goods sold  
   
51.1      
50.4   
Gross profit  
   
48.9      
49.6   
  
   
      
    
Operating expenses  
   
      
    
Selling and marketing  
   
15.4      
15.6   
General and administrative  
   
22.7      
23.0   
Research and development  
   
10.8      
11.4   
Total operating expenses  
   
48.9      
50.0   
  
   
      
    
Operating loss  
   
0.0
   
(0.4 ) 
  
   
      
    
Non-operating income  
   
      
    
Interest income  
   
4.7      
4.8   
Total non-operating income, net  
   
4.7      
4.8   
  
   
      
    
Income before income taxes  
   
4.7
   
4.4 
  
   
      
    
Income tax expense (benefit)  
   
(0.1)    
1.2 
  
   
      
    
Net income  
   
4.8%    
3.2 %
  
The following paragraphs discuss the Company’s performance for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
  
Comparison of 2024 vs 2023 (dollars in thousands) 
  
Net Sales 
  
Net sales for 2024 were $9,373, an increase of $818, or 9.6%, from $8,555 in 2023.  The increase was largely driven 
by higher sales of HazardPRO wireless sensors and systems for agricultural applications.  International sales during 
the year increased on a percentage basis as compared to 2023, and comprised 11.5% of revenue, up from 10.3% in 
the prior year.   
13 
 

 
Gross Profit 
  
Gross profit for 2024 increased $337, or 7.9%, to $4,582 from $4,245 in 2023. Gross margin in 2024 was 48.9% 
compared to 49.6% in 2023. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to an increase in raw material and labor 
costs across all product lines, partially offset by price increases introduced in the second half of 2024.  We have 
provided additional information regarding material and labor costs in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  
  
Operating Expenses 
  
Total operating expenses increased $313, or 7.3%, to $4,586 in 2024 from $4,273 in 2023, but decreased as a 
percentage of net sales to 48.9% from 50.0%.  The increase in operating expense dollars was primarily due to 
additional headcount and stock-based compensation. 
  
  ● Selling and marketing expenses increased $109, or 8.2%, to $1,441 in 2024 from $1,332 in 2023, but decreased 
as a percentage of net sales to 15.4% from 15.6%. The increase was primarily due to additional sales headcount 
and leadership, and variable compensation due to higher revenue. 
  
  ● General and administrative expenses increased $164, or 8.3%, to $2,132 in 2024 from $1,968 in 2023, 
but decreased as a percentage of net sales to 22.7% from 23.0%. The increase was primarily due to increased 
headcount and stock-based compensation expense. 
  
  ● Research and development expenses increased $40, or 4.1%, to $1,013 in 2024 compared to $973 in 2023, 
but decreased as a percentage of net sales to 10.8% from 11.4%. The increase was primarily due to additional 
headcount; partially offset by lower contract engineering costs related to product development and enhancements. 
  
Operating Loss 
  
Operating loss was $4 in 2024 compared to $28 in 2023, a decrease of $24, or 85.7%.  The decrease was primarily 
the result of higher net sales; partially offset by increased compensation expense related to additional headcount and 
stock-based compensation. 
  
Non-Operating Income  
  
Non-operating income increased $34 to $440 in 2024 from $406 in 2023, primarily as a result of additional interest 
income earned as a result of higher interest rates on Treasury Bills. 
  
Equity securities are stated at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported in our statements of 
comprehensive income in the non-operating income section.   
  
Realized gains and losses, including losses from declines in value of specific securities determined by management 
to be other-than-temporary, are included in the statement of comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses are 
determined on the basis of the specific securities sold. 
 
14 
 

 
  
Income Taxes  
  
Income tax benefit was $10 in 2024 compared to an income tax expense of $103 in 2023. The decrease in tax 
expense was due primarily to an increase in the deferred tax assets related to stock-based compensation and non-
deductible research and development expenses.  We have provided detailed information about our income tax 
provision in Note 10 to the financial statements. 
  
Net Income 
  
We reported net income of $446 in 2024 compared to $275 in 2023, an increase of $171, or 62.2%. Basic and 
diluted earnings per share were $0.13 and $0.08 in 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
 
 
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 
  
We are not a party to any off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations that have, or are reasonably likely 
to have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in the financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of 
operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 
  
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES  
  
Cash and cash equivalents were $9,948 and $9,870 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  Working capital 
was $12,922 at December 31, 2024 compared to $12,449 at December 31, 2023.   The increases were due primarily 
to cash generated from operations.  
  
Cash generated from operating activities was $129 in 2024 compared to $321 in 2023, a decrease of $192.  The 
decrease was primarily due to an increase in inventory and a decrease in accounts payable; partially offset by the 
increase in net income.  The increase in inventory is primarily due to the timing of receipt of inventory and increased 
labor and material costs.  The decrease in accounts payable is due to the timing of payments.  The increase in net 
income is primarily due to increased net sales, partially offset by higher operating expenses. 
  
Cash used in investing activities in 2024 was $51, compared to $70 in 2023.  The cash used in both periods was for 
the purchase of office equipment. 
  
Cash used in financing activities was $6 during 2023.  There was no cash flow from financing activities during 
2024. 
 
15 
 

 
 
Subject to the following section, entitled "Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics," the Company believes its ongoing 
cash usage requirements will be primarily for capital expenditures, potential acquisitions, investments we believe 
present good opportunities for the Company and its shareholders, research and development, working capital, and 
growth initiatives.  Management believes that cash on hand and any cash provided by operations will be sufficient to 
meet our cash requirements through at least the next 12 months. 
 
Supply Chain and Labor Dynamics 
 
We purchase parts and materials from various manufacturers and distributors. While we believe that our supply 
chain has begun to stabilize, we still occasionally see unexpected price increases and delivery delays requiring us to 
intervene and remediate.  To meet these challenges, we are seeking additional sources for components and 
modifying product designs to accommodate new components that are more readily available at competitive prices. 
There is no guarantee that we will continue to be successful in modifying these designs and sourcing alternative 
components and material.  As a result, we could experience significant delays in receiving certain components 
needed to make timely customer deliveries, as well as increased costs that erode gross margins.  Current supply 
chain dynamics may have a negative effect on the efficiency of our operations, our customer base, and the domestic 
or worldwide economy.  Furthermore, the labor market for qualified employees able to fill our various open 
positions is challenging and becoming more costly.  These factors may result in delays in filling these positions and 
negatively impact profit margins. In addition, we may experience changes in transportation and freight 
availability that may make it difficult to have materials and components shipped to us, or our products shipped to 
customers, in a timely and cost-effective manner. While we continue to closely monitor and manage each of these 
activities, our actions may not be successful and may result in a negative effect on our sales and profit margins. 
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES  
  
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America requires management to make decisions based upon estimates, assumptions, and factors it 
considers relevant to the circumstances. Those decisions include the selection of applicable accounting principles 
and the use of judgment in their application, the results of which affect reported amounts and disclosures. Changes 
in economic conditions or other business circumstances may affect the outcomes of management’s estimates and 
assumptions. 
  
Significant estimates, including the underlying assumptions, consist of the realizability of trade receivables, 
valuation of investments, deferred tax assets/liabilities, inventory, and stock compensation expense. It is at least 
reasonably possible that these estimates may change in the near term. 
  
16 
 

 
  
 
Realizability of trade receivables 
We estimate our allowance for credit losses based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of our trade 
receivables. We are unable to predict which, if any, of our customers will be unable to pay their open invoices at a 
future date. If an account becomes uncollectible and we are required to write off the balance, we would write off the 
balance to the allowance for credit losses.  Any change in our allowance for credit losses could cause a material 
increase or decrease in our general and administrative expenses. 
  
Valuation of deferred tax assets/liabilities 
We estimate our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates. The tax laws and rates could 
change in the future to either disallow the deductions or increase or decrease the tax rates. We recognize changes in 
deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period in which the tax law changes become effective. Any change in our 
deferred tax assets or liabilities could have a material negative or positive effect on our income tax provision. 
  
Valuation of inventory 
We purchase inventory based on estimated demand of products. It is possible that the inventory we have purchased 
will not be used in the products that our customers need or will not meet future technological requirements. If we are 
unable to use the inventory in our products and it does not meet future technological requirements, we would be 
required to remove the items from inventory and expense the amount in cost of goods sold. 
 
Valuation of investments 
Our investments in available-for-sale securities are valued at market prices in an open market. The prices are subject 
to normal fluctuations that could be either negative or positive. Even though these equity securities were only valued 
at $56 at December 31, 2024, changes in the value of these equity securities could affect our profitability.  Treasury 
Bills accounted for as cash equivalents are adjusted to fair value monthly and any change is reported as interest 
income on the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 
  
 Valuation of stock-based compensation expense 
We estimate the expected life and forfeiture rates of stock options granted when calculating the value of options 
using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The actual life and forfeiture rate could differ from what we estimated. 
Changes in the life or forfeiture rate of stock options could have a negative or positive impact on our stock-based 
compensation. 
  
Additional information regarding our significant accounting policies is provided below in Part II, Item 8, Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data – Notes to Financial Statements, Note 1, Nature of Business and Significant 
Accounting Policies. 
  
Item 7A.           Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.  
  
Not applicable. 
  
17 
 

 
  
Item 8.              Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.  
  
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Auditor ID: 542) 
19 
Financial Statements 
 
Balance Sheets 
20 
Statements of Comprehensive Income 
21 
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 
22 
Statements of Cash Flows  
23 
Notes to Financial Statements 
24 
  
  
18 
 

 
 
 
  
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
  
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of 
Electro-Sensors, Inc. 
  
Opinion on the Financial Statements 
  
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and 
the related statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-
year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements).  In our opinion, 
the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 
2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in 
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 
  
Basis for Opinion  
  
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company 
Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB. 
  
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error 
or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial 
reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for 
the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, 
we express no such opinion.  
  
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.  
  
Critical Audit Matters 
  
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or 
required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial 
statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical 
audit matters. 
  
/s/ Boulay PLLP 
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2006. 
  
Minneapolis, Minnesota 
March 19, 2025 
  
19 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
BALANCE SHEETS 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
   
  
December 31, 
   
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
ASSETS 
   
    
 
  
    
      
  
Current assets  
  
     
  
   
    
       
   
Cash and cash equivalents 
 $
9,948   $ 
9,870  
Equity securities  
  
56    
56  
Trade receivables, less allowance for credit losses of $11 and $11, respectively 
  
1,309     
1,283  
Inventories, net 
  
1,964     
1,751  
Other current assets  
  
197     
179  
   
    
       
   
Total current assets  
  
13,474     
13,139  
   
    
       
   
Deferred income tax asset  
  
501     
355  
   
    
       
   
Property and equipment, net 
  
910     
951  
   
    
       
   
Total assets  
 $
14,885   $ 
14,445  
   
   
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
  
     
  
 
   
    
 
Current liabilities 
  
     
  
 
   
    
 
Accounts payable  
 $
146   $ 
291  
Accrued expenses 
  
365     
323  
Accrued income taxes 
41
76
 
  
   
 
Total current liabilities  
  
552     
690  
 
   
    
 
Commitments and contingencies  
  
     
  
 
   
    
 
Stockholders’ equity 
  
     
  
 
   
    
 
Common stock par value $0.10 per share; authorized 10,000,000 shares; 
3,449,021 and 3,428,021 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 
  
344     
342  
Additional paid-in capital 
  
2,360     
2,230  
Retained earnings  
  
11,629     
11,183  
 
  
     
   
Total stockholders’ equity 
  
14,333     
13,755  
  
  
     
   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity  
 $
14,885   $ 
14,445  
See Notes to Financial Statements 
20 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
   
  
Years Ended December 31,  
  
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
   
  
   
      
   
   
Net sales  
 $
9,373   $
8,555  
Cost of goods sold  
  
4,791    
4,310  
   
    
       
   
Gross profit  
  
4,582    
4,245  
  
    
       
   
Operating expenses  
  
    
  
   
    
       
   
Selling and marketing  
  
1,441    
1,332  
General and administrative  
  
2,132    
1,968  
Research and development  
  
1,013    
973  
   
    
       
   
Total operating expenses  
  
4,586    
4,273  
   
    
       
   
Operating loss 
  
(4)   
(28) 
   
    
       
   
Non-operating income (expense) 
  
    
  
   
  
    
  
Interest expense  
  
0   
(1) 
   Interest income  
  
440    
407  
   
  
    
  
Total non-operating income, net  
  
440    
406  
  
    
       
   
Income before income taxes 
  
436   
378
   
  
    
  
Income tax expense (benefit) 
  
(10)   
103
   
  
    
  
Net income 
  
446   
275
   
  
    
  
Other comprehensive loss 
  
    
  
Change in unrealized value of available-for-sale securities, net of income tax  
  
0   
(1) 
Other comprehensive loss 
  
00   
(1) 
  
  
    
  
Net comprehensive income 
 $
446   $
274
   
  
    
  
Net income per share data  
  
     
  
  
  
    
  
Basic  
  
    
  
Net income per share  
 $
0.13  $
0.08
Weighted average shares  
  3,435,040    3,428,021  
   
  
    
  
Diluted  
  
    
  
Net income per share  
 $
0.13  $
0.08
Weighted average shares  
  3,435,040    3,428,021  
See Notes to Financial Statements 
21 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
   
  
   
    
   
    
   
     
   
    
   
    
   
  
   
  
   
    
Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital 
     
Retained 
Earnings 
    
Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)     
Total 
Stockholders’ 
Equity 
  
   
  
Common Stock Issued  
    
   
  
Shares  
    
Amount      
   
  
    
     
      
     
     
  
Balance, December 31, 2022    3,428,021   $
342   $
2,163    $
10,908   $ 
1  $ 
13,414  
   
  
    
     
      
     
     
  
Other comprehensive loss 
  
    
     
      
     
(1)    
(1) 
Stock-based compensation 
expense  
  
    
     
67     
     
     
67  
Net income  
  
    
     
      
275    
     
275
   
  
    
     
      
     
     
  
Balance, December 31, 2023    3,428,021    
342    
2,230     
11,183     
0    
13,755  
 
Restricted Stock Units 
Vested   
  
21,000    
2    
(2 )    
     
     
0  
Stock-based compensation 
expense   
  
     
    
132     
    
    
132  
Net income  
  
      
    
     
446     
    
446  
   
  
    
     
      
     
     
  
Balance, December 31, 2024    3,449,021   $
344   $
2,360    $
11,629   $ 
0  $ 
14,333  
  
See Notes to Financial Statements 
  
22 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(in thousands) 
   
  
Years Ended December 31,  
  
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
Cash flows from operating activities  
  
     
    
 
   
    
 
Net income 
 $
446  $ 
275   
 
   
    
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:  
  
     
    
 
   
    
 
Depreciation and amortization  
  
92     
94   
Deferred income taxes  
  
(146)    
(99 ) 
Stock-based compensation expense  
  
132     
67   
Change in:  
  
     
    
Trade receivables  
  
(26)    
(122 ) 
Inventories  
  
(213)    
(6 ) 
Other current assets  
  
(18)    
35 
Accounts payable  
  
(145)    
17 
Accrued expenses  
  
42    
(27 ) 
Income taxes payable 
  
(35)    
87 
   
    
       
    
Net cash from operating activities  
  
129    
321 
  
    
       
    
Cash flows used in investing activities  
  
     
    
  
    
       
    
Purchase of property and equipment  
  
(51)    
(70 ) 
 
   
    
 
Net cash used in investing activities  
  
(51)    
(70 ) 
   
    
       
    
Cash flows used in financing activities  
  
     
    
 
   
    
 
Payments on financing lease 
0
(6 ) 
   
    
       
    
Net cash used in financing activities  
  
0    
(6 ) 
   
    
       
    
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents  
  
78     
245 
  
    
       
    
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning  
  
9,870     
9,625   
Cash and cash equivalents, ending  
 $
9,948   $ 
9,870   
  
    
       
    
Supplemental cash flow information  
  
     
    
Cash paid during the year for income taxes  
 $
171   $ 
115   
Cash paid during the year for interest  
 $
0   $ 
1   
 
   
    
 
See Notes to Financial Statements 
23 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Note 1. Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies  
  
Nature of business: 
 
Electro-Sensors, Inc. manufactures and markets a complete line of monitoring and control systems for a variety of 
industrial machinery. The Company uses leading-edge technology to continuously improve its products, with the 
ultimate goal of manufacturing the industry-preferred product for each market served. The Company sells these 
products through an internal sales staff, manufacturer’s representatives, and distributors to a wide variety of 
industries that use the products in a variety of applications to monitor process machinery operations. The Company 
markets its products to customers located throughout the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. 
 
In addition, the Company may periodically make strategic investments in other businesses and companies, including 
investments that we believe would facilitate the development of new relationships, or technology complementary to 
our existing products, or other investments that we believe present good opportunities for the Company and its 
shareholders. See Note 2 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments. The Company’s 
investments in securities are subject to normal market risks. 
  
Significant accounting policies of the Company are summarized below: 
  
Use of estimates 
 
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts 
reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 
Significant estimates, including the underlying assumptions, consist of the realizability of trade receivables, 
valuation of investments, deferred tax assets/liabilities, inventory, and stock compensation expense. It is at least 
reasonably possible that these estimates may change in the near term. 
 
Cash and cash equivalents 
 
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be 
cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are invested in commercial paper, money market accounts and may, also, be 
invested in Treasury Bills with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash equivalents are carried at fair 
value.  Cash equivalents were $7,980 and $7,926 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
  
The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents primarily in two bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may 
exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on these accounts. The Company 
believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk on cash. 
 
24 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Trade receivables and credit policies 
  
Trade receivables are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms generally requiring 
payment within 30 days from the invoice date. Trade receivables are stated at the amount billed to the customer. 
Customer account balances with invoices over 90 days are considered delinquent. The Company does not accrue 
interest on delinquent trade receivables. 
  
Payments of trade receivables are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice 
or, if unspecified, are applied to the earliest unpaid invoices. 
  
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, which is recorded as an offset to trade 
receivables.  Changes in the allowance for credit losses are included as a component of operating expenses in the 
Statements of Comprehensive Income.  The Company assesses credit losses on a collective basis where similar risk 
characteristics exist.  Receivables that do not share risk characteristics with other receivables, or where known 
collectability issues exist, are evaluated on an individual basis. 
  
The allowance is based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of the receivable (contractual term).  The 
Company considers historical loss rates and current economic conditions. Receivables are written off against the 
allowance for credit losses.  The allowance for credit losses was $11 at December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
 
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no customers that exceeded 10% of the accounts receivable 
balance.  
  
Investments 
  
The Company owns equity securities in two non-publicly traded companies.  The estimated fair value of non-
publicly traded securities is based on financial and other factors.  The executive officer of the two companies is 
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Electro-Sensors, Inc.  
  
Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the date individual investments are acquired 
and evaluates the appropriateness of this classification at each balance sheet date. 
  
The Company generally does not make investments in anticipation of short-term fluctuations in market 
price.  Equity securities with readily determinable values are stated at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on 
equity securities are reported in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in non-operating income. 
  
Realized gains and losses on securities, including losses from declines in value of specific securities determined by 
management to be other-than-temporary, are included in the statement of comprehensive income in non-operating 
income. Realized gains and losses are determined on the basis of the specific securities sold. There were no other-
than-temporary impairments recognized in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
   
25 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Fair value measurements 
  
The Company’s policies incorporate the guidance for accounting for fair value measurements of financial assets and 
financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non-financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair 
value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. These policies also incorporate the guidance for fair value 
measurement related to non-financial items that are recognized and disclosed at fair value in the financial statements 
on a nonrecurring basis. The guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation 
techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active 
markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving 
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:  
  
  
●  Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the 
Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.  
  
●  Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset 
or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.  
  
●  Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.  
  
The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level 
input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company currently has no non-financial or 
financial items that are measured on a nonrecurring basis. 
  
The carrying value of cash equivalents, trade receivables, accounts payable, and other financial working capital 
items approximate fair value at December 31, 2024 and 2023 due to the short term maturity nature of these 
instruments. 
  
Inventories 
  
Inventories include material, labor and overhead and are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net 
realizable value. 
  
Property and equipment 
  
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided over estimated useful lives by use of the straight-
line method. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Major improvements and betterments are 
capitalized. 
  
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require the 
Company to test a long-lived asset for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows 
expected to be generated by an asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is 
not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, the Company recognizes impairment to the extent that the 
carrying value of an asset exceeds its fair value. The Company determines fair value through various valuation 
techniques including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party 
independent appraisals. 
  
Estimated useful lives are as follows: 
  
   
Years  
Autos    
           3 
Equipment  
5 - 10  
Furniture and Fixtures  
3 -  7  
Building  
7 - 40  
26 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
   
Revenue recognition 
  
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services to be provided to a customer and identifies a 
performance obligation for each distinct good or service.   The transaction price for each performance obligation is 
determined at contract inception.  Contracts, generally in the form of a purchase order, specify the product or service 
that is to be provided to the customer. The typical contract life is less than one month and contains a single 
performance obligation, to provide conforming goods or services to the customer.  Certain contracts have a second 
performance obligation, which typically is the initialization of the HazardPRO product.  For contracts with multiple 
performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-
alone selling price.  Stand-alone selling prices are based on observable stand-alone prices charged to 
customers.  Product revenue is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which 
typically occurs upon shipment.  Service revenue is recognized when provided to the customer, and typically takes 
less than a week to provide. 
  
Advertising costs 
  
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expense was $42 and $46 in 2024 and 2023, 
respectively. 
  
Research and development 
  
Expenditures for research and development are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred expenses of 
$1,013 and $973 in 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
  
Income taxes 
  
The Company presents deferred income taxes on an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and 
reporting for income taxes. The Company annually determines the difference between the financial reporting and tax 
bases of assets and liabilities. The Company computes deferred income tax assets and liabilities for those differences 
that have future tax consequences using the currently enacted tax laws and rates that apply to the periods in which 
these laws are expected to affect taxable income. Income tax expense is the current tax payable or refundable for the 
period plus or minus the net change in the deferred tax assets and liabilities, excluding the portion of the deferred 
asset or liability allocated to other comprehensive income (loss). Deferred taxes are reduced by a valuation 
allowance to the extent that realization of the related deferred tax asset is not certain.  We have a valuation 
allowance on our deferred tax asset of $311 and $279 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  
  
The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be 
sustained. The Company recognizes income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be 
realized. The Company reflects changes in recognition or measurement in the period in which the Company's 
change in judgment occurs. 
  
The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. 
  
27 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Net income per common share 
 
Basic earnings per share (EPS) excludes dilution and is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average 
number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur 
if securities such as options were exercised or converted into common stock.  For the years ending December 31, 
2024 and 2023, respectively, options to purchase 185,000 and 175,000 weighted average common shares have been 
excluded from the diluted weighted average shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive.  In addition, for the 
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 84,000 and 105,000, respectively, restricted stock units have been 
excluded from the calculation because their effect would be anti-dilutive.  
  
The following information presents the Company’s computations of basic and diluted EPS for the periods presented 
in the statements of comprehensive income. 
  
   
  
Income  
    
Shares  
    
 Per share 
amount  
  
  
   
    
    
 
2024:  
  
    
     
  
Basic EPS  
 $
446   3,435,040   $ 
0.13
Effect of dilutive stock options  
  
    
0     
0.00
Diluted EPS  
 $
446   3,435,040   $ 
0.13
  
  
    
     
  
2023:  
  
    
     
  
Basic EPS  
 $
275   3,428,021   $ 
0.08
Effect of dilutive stock options  
  
    
0     
0.00  
Diluted EPS  
 $
275   3,428,021   $ 
0.08
 
Stock-based compensation 
 
The Company records compensation expense for stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on 
the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) model. The Company uses historical data, among other 
factors, to estimate the expected price volatility, the expected option life and the expected forfeiture rate. The risk-
free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the estimated life of the option. 
At December 31, 2024, the Company had one stock-based compensation plan. 
  
28 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
New Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted 
  
The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an Accounting Standards Update 
("ASU") Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses in November 2024 and issued ASU 2025-01 in January 
2025 to clarify its effective date.  This ASU provides investors with more decision-useful information about a 
business entity’s expenses. The ASU requires companies to provide detailed disclosure of specified categories 
underlying certain expense captions in interim and annual periods. It would provide investors with more detailed 
information about the types of expenses, including employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and costs 
incurred related to inventory and manufacturing activities in income statement expense captions such as cost of 
sales; selling, general and administrative; and research and development.  The ASU does not change or remove 
existing expense disclosure requirements and does not change requirements for presentation of expenses on the face 
of the income statement. It requires companies to include certain existing disclosures in the same tabular format 
disclosure.  The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim 
reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. 
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standard 
  
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.   This ASU, 
which amends Topic 280: Segment Reporting, improves disclosures requirements for reportable segments and 
enhances disclosures for companies with single reportable segments.  The Company has a single reportable segment 
based on the nature of its services and regulatory environment under which it operates.  The nature of the business 
and the accounting policies of the segment are the same as described throughout Note 1.  The Company’s Chief 
Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is its president.  The CODM assesses the reportable segment’s performance 
and allocates resources for the reportable segment based on the net income and total assets which are the same 
amounts in all material respects as those reported on the Statement of Comprehensive Income and Balance 
Sheets.  The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2024.  The adoption did not have a material impact on the 
Company’s financial statements. 
  
Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation 
  
All Treasury Bills from prior periods have been reclassified to cash equivalents for consistency with the current year 
presentation. The reclassification had no effect on the reported results of operations. The Statement of Cash Flows 
has been adjusted to reflect this reclassification. 
 
29 
 

 
 ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Note 2. Investments 
  
The Company has investments in common equity securities of two private U.S. companies that have an 
undeterminable market.   
  
Equity securities are measured at fair value and unrealized gains and losses, if any, are reported in our Statements of 
Comprehensive Income in non-operating income.  
  
The cost and estimated fair value of the investments are as follows: 
  
   
  
Cost  
   
Gross 
unrealized 
gain 
   
Gross 
unrealized 
loss 
   
Fair 
value 
 
December 31, 2024  
    
       
      
      
  
Equity Securities  
    
54      
2      
0
   
56 
Total Investments, December 31, 2024  
  $ 
54    $ 
2    $ 
0
 $ 
56 
  
  
  
        
       
       
   
December 31, 2023  
    
       
      
      
  
Equity Securities  
    
54      
2      
0
   
56 
Total Investments, December 31, 2023  
  $ 
54    $ 
2    $ 
0
 $ 
56 
  
Note 3. Fair Value Measurements 
  
The following table provides information on those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  
  
December 31, 2024 
  
  
 
Carrying 
amount in 
   
   
   
Fair Value Measurement Using  
 
  
 
balance sheet  
   
Fair Value  
   Level 1    
  
Level 2    
  
Level 3  
 
Assets:  
 
   
    
      
      
   
Equity securities  
   
56     
56     
0       
0       
56  
  
December 31, 2023 
  
   
  
Carrying 
amount in  
    
   
    
Fair Value Measurement Using  
  
   
  
balance sheet 
    
Fair Value  
    
Level 1  
      
Level 2  
      
Level 3  
  
Assets:  
 
   
    
      
      
   
Equity securities  
   
56     
56     
0       
0       
56  
  
The equity securities owned by the Company are investments in two non-publicly traded companies.  There is an 
undeterminable market for each of these two companies and the Company has determined the value based on 
financial and other factors, which are considered Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.  
  
There was no change in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the years ended December 
31, 2024 and 2023.  
  
30 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
Note 4. Inventories 
  
Inventories used in the determination of cost of goods sold are as follows: 
  
   
 
December 31,  
 
   
 
2024  
  
2023  
 
Raw Materials  
 $
1,334   $
1,172  
Work In Process  
  
301    
301  
Finished Goods 
  
339    
288  
Reserve for Obsolescence 
(10) 
(10) 
Total Inventories 
 $
1,964   $
1,751  
 
Note 5. Property and Equipment, Net 
  
The following is a summary of property and equipment: 
  
   
 
December 31,  
 
   
 
2024  
  
2023  
 
Autos 
 $
63   $
63  
Equipment  
 
260   
282  
Furniture and Fixtures  
  
432    
463  
Right-of-Use Asset 
0
30
Building  
  
1,373    
1,373  
Land  
  
415    
415  
  
  
2,543    
2,626  
Less Accumulated Depreciation 
  
1,633    
1,675  
Total Property and Equipment  
 $
910   $
951  
  
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $92 and $94, respectively. 
  
Note 6. Accrued Expenses 
  
Accrued expenses include the following:  
  
   
 
December 31,  
 
   
 
2024  
  
2023  
 
Wages and Commissions  
 $
309   $
255  
Other  
  
56    
68  
Total Accrued Expenses  
 $
365   $
323  
 
31 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC.  
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Note 7. Leases 
  
The Company has an operating lease for office equipment on a month-to-month basis.  Lease expense for the years 
ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $7 and $1, respectively. 
 
The components of lease expense were as follows: 
 
  
Year Ended 
December 31, 
2023 
 
Finance lease cost:  
    
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets  
$
5  
Interest on lease liabilities  
  
0  
Total finance lease cost  
$
5  
  
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows: 
 
  
 December 31, 
2023  
 
Finance leases  
   
 
Property and equipment, gross  
$
30  
Accumulated amortization  
 
(30)
     Property and equipment, net  
$
0  
 
Note 8. Stock-Based Compensation 
  
The 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) authorizes the issuance of nonqualified stock options and 
restricted stock units. Payment for the shares may be made in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a 
combination thereof. Under the terms of the 2013 Plan, incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are 
granted at a minimum of 100% of fair market value on the date of grant and may be exercised after vesting at 
various times depending upon the terms of the option. All existing options expire 10 years from the date of grant or 
one year from the date of death. The terms of the grants require an acceleration of vesting upon a change in control 
of the Company. 
  
Under the 2013 Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 600,000 shares through stock options and awards 
such as restricted stock or restricted stock units. As of December 31, 2024, under the 2013 Plan, 46,000 shares had 
been issued, options to purchase an aggregate of 185,000 shares were outstanding, of which options to 
purchase 97,000 shares were exercisable. As of December 31, 2024, the Company also had 84,000 restricted stock 
units outstanding. There are 285,000 additional shares available for issuance pursuant to awards that may be granted 
under the 2013 Plan in the future. 
 
Stock Options 
  
In 2024, the Company granted 25,000 non-qualified stock options to one of its non-employee board members and 
10,000 non-qualified stock options to an employee. In 2023, the Company granted 25,000 non-qualified stock 
options each to its Chief Executive Officer and to three of its four non-employee board members. All of the 
options vest 20% on the grant date, with an additional 20% vesting annually thereafter.  
  
32 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
 
The weighted average assumptions made in estimating the fair value of the options on the grant date based upon the 
BSM option-pricing model for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:  
 
2024 
 
2023 
Dividend Yield  
 0.00% 
0.00% 
Expected Volatility  
25.06% 25.56% 
Risk Free Interest Rate  
4.49% 
4.35% 
Expected Life  
6 Years 6 Years 
 
The Company calculates expected volatility for stock options and other awards using the Company's historical 
volatility as the Company believes the expected volatility will approximate historical volatility. 
 
There were no options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.  The Company 
had 25,000 and 225,000 options expire during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  
 
The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding incentive stock options under the 2013 Plan:  
 
  
  
Options Outstanding  
 
  
  
Number of 
Shares 
   
Weighted- 
Average  
Exercise  
Price 
  
Weighted- 
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Term    
(in years)   
Aggregate  
Intrinsic 
Value 
 
Balance at December 31, 2022 
   300,000    $
4.35    
1.4    
   
Granted  
   100,000      
4.25    
9.7    
   
Exercised  
   
0      
   
   
Expired  
   (225,000 )    
4.57    
  0.0    
   
Balance at December 31, 2023 
   175,000      
4.06    
6.8    
   
Granted  
   35,000      
4.05    
9.6    
   
Exercised  
   
0    
   
   
   
Expired  
   (25,000 )    
4.39    
0.0    
   
Balance at December 31, 2024 
   185,000    $
3.99    
7.8   $
219  
Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2024     97,000    $
3.80    
   $
132  
 
As of December 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options was $115, 
which the Company expects to recognize over the four year vesting period. To the extent the forfeiture rate is 
different than we have anticipated, stock-based compensation related to the awards will be different from 
expectations. The Company recognized compensation expense in connection with the vesting of options of $46 and 
$38 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.  
 
33 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
 
Restricted stock units 
 
The 2013 Plan authorizes the issuance of restricted stock units. Stock-based compensation expense is determined on 
the grant date based on the closing market value of our common stock. The amount of expense is calculated based 
on an estimate of the number of awards expected to vest at the end of each vesting period and is expensed evenly 
over the vesting period. In connection with the time of vesting and issuance of shares, an eligible recipient of 
common stock may elect to have some shares withheld by the Company to satisfy any requirement for withholding 
taxes. 
 
In 2023, the Company granted 35,000 restricted stock units to its Chief Executive Officer and 17,500 restricted 
stock units to each of its four non-employee board members. The restricted stock units vest 20% on the first 
anniversary of the grant and 20% annually thereafter. 
 
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2024: 
 
 
 Unvested Restricted Stock Units  
 
 
Number of 
Shares 
  
Weighted-
Average 
Grant-Date 
Fair Value 
 
Unvested as of December 31, 2023 
 
105,000  $ 
4.11  
    Granted 
 
0   
0.00  
    Vested 
 
(21,000 )  
4.11  
    Forfeited/canceled 
 
0   
0.00  
Unvested as of December 31, 2024 
 
84,000  $ 
4.11  
 
As of December 31, 2024, the unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding restricted stock units was 
$316, which the Company expects to recognize over a period of four years. The Company recognized compensation 
expense in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units of $86 and $29 for years ended December 31, 
2024 and 2023, respectively. 
  
34 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023  
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Note 9. Benefit Plans 
  
Employee stock ownership plan 
  
The Company sponsors an employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) that covers substantially all employees who 
work 1,000 or more hours during the year. The ESOP has, at various times, secured financing from the Company to 
purchase the Company’s shares on the open market. When the ESOP purchases shares with the proceeds of the 
Company loans, the shares are pledged as collateral for these loans. The shares are maintained in a suspense account 
until released and allocated to participant accounts. The ESOP owns 94,434 shares of the Company’s stock at 
December 31, 2024. All shares held by the ESOP have been released and allocated to participants' accounts. No 
dividends were paid during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.  The ESOP had no debt to the Company 
at December 31, 2024 or 2023. 
  
The Company recognized ESOP compensation expense for contributions of $24 to the ESOP plan for each of the 
years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 
  
In the event a terminated ESOP participant desires to sell his or her shares of the Company’s stock and the shares are 
not readily tradable, the Company may be required to purchase the shares from the participant at fair market value. 
In addition, at its election, the Company may distribute the ESOP’s shares to the terminated participant. At 
December 31, 2024, 94,434 shares of the Company’s stock, with an aggregate fair market value of approximately 
$488, are held by ESOP participants who, if terminated, would have rights under the repurchase provisions if the 
Company's stock were not readily traded. The Company believes because its stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital 
Market it meets the ESOP requirements and that there would not be a current obligation for it to repurchase any 
distributed ESOP shares.  
  
Profit sharing plan and savings plan 
  
The Company has a salary reduction and profit sharing plan that conforms to IRS provisions for 401(k) plans. The 
Company may make profit-sharing contributions with the approval of the Board of Directors. There were no profit-
sharing contributions by the Company in 2024 or 2023. 
  
35 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
Note 10. Income Taxes 
 
The components of the income tax provision are as follows: 
 
Years Ended December 
31, 
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
  
   
    
 
Current:  
  
    
   
Federal  
 $
144   $
201 
State  
  
1    
1  
Deferred:  
  
    
   
Federal  
  
(155)   
(99 )
State  
  
0   
0 
Total Federal and State Income Taxes  
 $
(10)  $
103 
 
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount obtained by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to 
pretax income due to the following: 
  
Years Ended December 
31, 
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
   
    
 
Computed “Expected” Federal Tax Expense 
 $
92   $
79 
Increase (Decrease) in Taxes Resulting From:  
   
    
   
State Income Taxes, net of Federal Benefit  
   
1    
1  
R&D Credits  
   
(88)   
(63 )
Permanent Differences  
   
4    
4  
Other  
   
(19)   
82 
Total Federal and State Income Taxes  
 $
(10)  $
103 
  
36 
 

 
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 
(in thousands except share and per share amounts) 
  
The components of the net deferred tax asset consist of:    
 
 
December 31, 
 
   
  
2024  
    
2023  
  
Deferred Tax Assets:  
     
        
    
Vacation accrual  
  $ 
27   $
26  
Allowance for credit losses 
     
2    
2  
Stock compensation  
     
52    
6  
Bonus  
     
4    
2  
Depreciation and amortization  
     
53    
71  
Inventory obsolescence 
  
2
2 
R&D expenses 
  
392
273 
R&D credit carryforward  
     
311    
279  
Valuation allowance   
     
(311)   
(279 ) 
Total Deferred Tax Assets  
     
532    
382  
 
     
    
   
Deferred Tax Liabilities:  
     
    
   
Prepaid expenses  
     
31    
27  
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities  
     
31    
27  
 
     
    
   
Net Deferred Tax Asset  
  $ 
501   $
355  
 
R&D credits can be carried forward for twenty years for federal purposes and fifteen years in Minnesota. 
 
The Company is materially subject to the following taxing jurisdictions: U.S. and Minnesota. The tax years 2021 
through 2023 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions. We have 
no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023 
and uncertain tax positions are not significant.  
  
Note 11. Contingencies 
The Company sometimes becomes subject to claims against it in the ordinary course of business.  There are 
currently no pending or threatened claims against the Company that it believes will have a material adverse effect on 
its results of operations or liquidity. 
 
Note 12.  Segment Information 
 
The Company has a single reportable segment based on the nature of its services and regulatory environment under 
which it operates.  The nature of the business and the accounting policies of the segment are the same as described 
throughout Note 1.  The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is its president.  The CODM 
assesses the reportable segment’s performance and allocates resources for the reportable segment based on the net 
income and total assets which are the same amounts in all material respects as those reported on the Statements of 
Comprehensive Income and Balance Sheets. 
 
37 
 

 
Item 9.                   Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and 
Financial Disclosure. 
  
None. 
  
Item 9A.                Controls and Procedures. 
  
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures 
  
The person serving as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated the effectiveness of 
our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, the person serving as the Company’s principal 
executive officer and principal financial officer has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the 
Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and 
(ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and 
principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. 
  
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
  
Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management is required to assess the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and report, based on that 
assessment, whether the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective. 
  
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial 
reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance as to 
the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes 
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. 
  
Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, internal 
control over financial reporting determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to 
financial statement preparation and may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Moreover, projections of any 
evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of 
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 
  
The Company’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, the Company used the criteria established by the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in “Internal Control-Integrated 
Framework (2013).” These criteria are in the areas of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, 
information and communication, and monitoring. The Company’s assessment included extensive documenting, 
evaluating and testing the design and operating effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting. Based 
on this evaluation, the person serving as the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer 
has concluded that the Company’s internal controls were effective as of December 31, 2024. 
  
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 
  
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 that were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by 
paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably 
likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 
  
38 
 

 
  
Item 9B.                Other Information. 
  
None 
 
Item 9C.                Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections. 
  
None 
  
39 
 

 
 
PART III 
  
Certain information required by Part III is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement 
pursuant to Regulation 14A (the “2025 Proxy Statement”) for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 
23, 2025 (“Annual Meeting”). 
  
Item 10.                 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. 
  
The information required by Item 401 under Regulation S-K, to the extent applicable to the Company’s directors, will 
be set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference. The information required with respect to the Company's sole executive officer, who is also a director, will 
be set forth under the caption “Election of Directors.” 
  
The information required by Item 405 regarding compliance with Section 16(a), if any, will be set forth under the 
caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.  If 
there were no delinquent Section 16(a) reports during 2024, this section will be omitted from the 2025 Proxy 
Statement. 
  
Code of Ethics and Business Conduct 
  
The Company has adopted the Electro-Sensors Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code of Conduct”) 
applicable to all officers and employees of the Company. A copy of the Code of Conduct can be obtained free of 
charge upon written request directed to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer at the Company’s executive offices. 
Any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Conduct will be posted to our website. 
  
The information required by Item 407 regarding corporate governance will be set forth under the caption “Corporate 
Governance” in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. 
 
Insider Trading 
  
The Company has adopted inside trading policies and procedures governing the purchase, sale, and/or other 
dispositions of its securities by directors, officers, and employees that are reasonably designed to promote compliance 
with insider trading laws, rules, and regulations.  The Company’s Policy Statement on Confidential Information and 
Securities Trading by Electro-Sensors, Inc. Personnel is included as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-
K. 
  
Item 11.                 Executive Compensation. 
  
The information called for by Item 402 under Regulation S-K, will be set forth under the caption “Executive 
Compensation” and "Director Compensation" in the Company’s 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference. 
  
Item 12.                 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and 
Related Stockholder Matters. 
  
The information called for by Item 403 under Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Security 
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s 2025 Proxy Statement and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 
  
40 
 

 
 
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2024 about the Company’s equity compensation plans. 
  
Equity Compensation Plan Information 
  
   
 
Number of securities to 
be issued upon exercise 
of outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 
 
Weighted average 
exercise price of 
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights 
Number of securities 
remaining 
available for future 
issuance under 
equity compensation plans 
(excluding securities 
reflected in 
column (a)) 
   
   
   
   
   
(a)  
(b)  
(c)  
Equity compensation plans approved by 
security holders  
290,000 
$4.03 
185,000(1) 
   
   
   
   
Equity compensation plans not approved by 
security holders  
— 
— 
— 
   
   
   
   
Total  
290,000 
$4.03 
185,000(1) 
  
  
(1) Shares issuable pursuant to the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. 
  
Item 13.                 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director 
Independence. 
  
The information required by Item 404 under Regulation S-K will be set forth under the caption “Transactions with 
Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons” in the 2025 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by 
reference. 
  
The information required by Item 407(a) will be set forth in the 2025 Proxy Statement under the caption “Corporate 
Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference. 
  
Item 14.                  Principal Accountant Fees and Services. 
  
The information required by Item 14 of Form 10-K and 9(e) of Schedule 14A will be set forth under the caption 
“Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s 2025 Proxy Statement and is 
incorporated herein by reference. 
  
41 
 

 
PART IV 
  
Item 15.                 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. 
Financial Statements. 
Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements appearing on Page 18 hereof. 
Financial Statement Schedules. 
The Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted either because they are not required or because the 
information has been included in the financial statements or the notes thereto included in this Annual Report. 
Exhibits.  
Exhibit 
Number   
Exhibit Description  
3.1 
  
Electro-Sensors, Inc Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended—incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022  
3.2 
  
Electro-Sensors, Inc. Bylaws, as amended June 10, 2022, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the 
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022  
4.1 Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 
*10.1 
  
Electro-Sensors, Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the 
Company’s Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders  
*10.2 
  
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan – incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2013  
*10.3 
  
Form of Non-qualified Stock Option Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as updated August 
2023 – incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 
2023  
*10.4 Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan - incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023 
10.5 Mutual Termination Agreement, dated January 30, 2023 between Electro-Sensors, Inc. and Mobile X 
Global, Inc. - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed January 31, 
2023 
19.1 Electro-Sensors, Inc. Policy Statement on Confidential Information and Securities Trading by Electro-
Sensors, Inc. Personnel  
23.1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm  
24.1   Power of Attorney (see Signature page)  
31.1 
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002  
32.1 
  
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002  
97.1 Compensation Recoupment Policy as adopted on October 18, 2023 - incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
97.1 to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 
99.1   Letter to Shareholders dated March 19, 2025 
99.2   Investor Information  
101 
  
The following financial information from Electro-Sensors, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
annual period ended December 31, 2024, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting 
Language): (i) Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, (ii) Statements of Comprehensive 
Income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, (iii) Statements of Cash Flows for years ended 
December 31, 2024 and 2023, (iv)  Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, and (v) Notes to 
Financial Statements.  
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL) and contained in Exhibit 101. 
*  
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement 
42 
 

 
  
Item 16.                 Form 10-K Summary 
  
None 
  
43 
 

 
  
SIGNATURES 
  
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly 
caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 
  
  
ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. 
(“Registrant”) 
  
By:  
/s/ DAVID L. KLENK  
   
  
  
David L. Klenk  
  
  
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief 
Financial Officer  
  
Date: March 19, 2025 
  
  
  
  
By:  
/s/ GLORIA M. GRUNDHOEFER  
  
  
Gloria M. Grundhoefer 
Controller 
  
Date: March 19, 2025 
  
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the 
following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 
  
(Power of Attorney) 
  
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints DAVID L. KLENK as his true and lawful 
attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place and 
stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the 
same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange 
Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and 
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes 
as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all said attorney-in-fact and agents, or his 
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.  
  
Signature  
   
Title  
   
Date  
  
  
  
  
  
/s/David L. Klenk  
  President and Director (CEO and CFO)  
  March 19, 2025 
   
  
  
  
   
/s/ Joseph A. Marino    Chairman and Director  
  March 19, 2025 
   
  
  
  
   
/s/ Scott A. Gabbard  
  Director  
  March 19, 2025 
   
  
  
  
   
/s/ Michael C. Zipoy  
  Director  
  March 19, 2025 
   
  
  
  
   
/s/ Jeffrey D. Peterson    Director  
  March 19, 2025 
  
44 
 
 

 
Exhibit 19.1 
 
POLICY STATEMENT 
ON 
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND SECURITIES TRADING  
BY ELECTRO-SENSORS, INC. PERSONNEL 
  
(January 2003) 
  
SUMMARY 
  
Both federal securities laws and the policy of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (“ESI” or the “Company”) prohibit transactions 
in Company stock at a time when you may be in possession of material information about the Company that has not been 
publicly disclosed.  You are similarly prohibited from buying or selling the stock of Company customers or vendors when 
you have received, through your employment or other relationship with ESI, material non-public information about that 
customer or vendor.  These prohibitions also apply to members of your household as well as all others whose transactions 
may be attributable to you.  Anyone who violates these prohibitions can face staggering civil and criminal penalties.  
  
Material information is any information which a reasonably prudent investor would consider to be important in 
making a decision to buy or sell a security.  It certainly includes any information which would affect the public market 
price for the Company’s stock.  Either positive or negative information may be material.  Once a public announcement has 
been made of the material information, you should wait at least 24 hours following the announcement before engaging in 
any market trade of Company stock (e.g., announcement at 10:00 a.m. on Monday, trade at 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday; 
announcement at 2:00 p.m. on Friday, trade at 2:00 p.m. on Monday), assuming at the time of the transaction you do not 
have other material information that has not been made public. 
  
Securities laws and Company policy also prohibit disclosure of material non-public information except on a 
need-to-know basis.  Even if you are not engaging in any stock trading activity, you must not disclose material information 
to others, especially to those outside the Company.  This information is owned by the Company and must be protected as 
such.  Any questions from brokers, securities analysts or the media regarding the Company should be directed to 
the Chief Financial Officer. 
  
For further information and guidance, please refer to the entire Policy Statement set forth below or contact the Chief 
Financial Officer. 
  
The Need For a Policy Statement 
  
The Company’s stock is publicly-traded; therefore, the Company is required to take active steps to prevent 
violations of insider trading laws by Company personnel.  Although insider trading has long been illegal, over the years 
Congress has expanded the enforcement authority of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Justice 
Department, increased substantially the penalties for insider trading, and created new potential liability for companies and 
other “controlling persons,” such as directors, for violations by company personnel. 
 
We are adopting this Policy Statement to avoid even the appearance of improper conduct on the part of anyone 
employed by or associated with ESI (because anyone with material non-public information should be considered an 
"insider").  We have all worked hard to establish our reputation for integrity and ethical conduct.  We cannot afford 
to have it damaged. 
 
45 
 

 
The Consequences 
  
The consequences of insider trading violations can be disastrous: 
  
For individuals who trade on inside information (or tip information to others): 
  
°           A civil penalty of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided; 
  
°           A criminal fine (no matter how small the profit) of up to $1 million; and 
  
°           A jail term of up to ten years. 
  
For a company (as well as possibly any supervisory person) that fails to take appropriate steps to prevent illegal 
trading: 
  
°           A civil penalty of the greater of $1 million or three times the profit gained or loss avoided as a result of the 
individual’s violation; and 
  
°           A criminal penalty of up to $2.5 million. 
  
In addition, any employee or consultant who violates the Company’s confidential information and securities trading 
policy faces discipline or even termination of employment for cause.  Needless to say, any of the above consequences, 
even an SEC investigation that does not result in prosecution, can tarnish one’s reputation and irreparably damage a career. 
  
Our Policy 
  
If a Company director, officer, employee or representative has material non-public information relating to the 
Company (so-called “inside” information of a nature that could affect its stock price or affect an investor’s decision to buy 
or sell the Company’s stock), it is our policy that neither that person nor any related person residing in the home of the 
individual who has inside information may buy or sell Company securities or engage in any other action to take advantage 
of, or to pass on to others, that information.  Please note that you need not be an employee or a director to be an insider.  This 
policy also applies to information relating to any other company, including our customers or suppliers, obtained in the 
course of the individual’s employment or other relationship with ESI. 
  
Transactions that on the surface may be necessary or justifiable for independent reasons (such as the need to sell 
Company stock to raise money for an emergency expenditure) are no exception.  Even the appearance of an improper 
transaction must be avoided to preserve our reputation for adhering to the highest standards of conduct. 
             
Material Information.  Material information is any information that a reasonably prudent investor would consider 
important in a decision to buy, hold or sell stock.  In short, any information that could reasonably affect the price of the 
stock is deemed to be material. 
46 
 

 
Examples.  Common examples of information that will frequently be regarded as material include the 
following:  sales or revenue, sales or revenue growth, bookings, bookings growth, projections of future earnings or losses; 
changes in previously disclosed projections where the changes have not been made public; news of a pending or proposed 
merger, acquisition, or tender offer; news of a significant sale of assets or the disposition of a subsidiary; changes in 
dividend policies, the declaration of a stock split or the offering of additional securities; changes in management; 
impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems; and, as previously indicated, the gain or loss of a substantial 
customer or supplier.  Either positive or negative information may be material. 
 
20/20 Hindsight.  Remember, if your securities transactions become the subject of scrutiny, they will be viewed 
after-the-fact with the benefit of hindsight.  As a result, before engaging in any securities transaction you should carefully 
consider how regulators and others might view your transaction in hindsight. 
  
Transactions By Family Members.  The very same restrictions apply to your family members and others living in 
your household.  Company personnel are expected to be responsible for compliance by their immediate family and 
personal household. 
  
Disclosing Information To Others.  Whether the information is proprietary information about the Company or one 
of its customers, or information that could have an impact on the price of Company’s or its customer’s stock, Company 
personnel must not pass the information on to others.  The above penalties apply whether or not you derive any benefit 
from another’s actions.  In order to prevent unintentional disclosure, all inquiries and requests for information regarding 
the Company or the Company’s customers (e.g., from the media, stockbrokers or securities analysts) should be referred to 
the Chief Financial Officer. 
  
When Information Is Public.  As you can appreciate, it is also improper for Company personnel to enter a trade 
immediately after ESI has made a public announcement of material information, including earnings releases.  Because 
Company shareholders and the investing public should be afforded the time to receive the information and act upon it, as 
a general rule you should not engage in any transactions until at least 24 hours after the information has been 
released.  Thus, if an announcement is made at 10:00 a.m. on Monday, 10:00 a.m. on Tuesday generally would be the first 
time you should trade, assuming you do not have other material information that has not been made public.  If an 
announcement is made at 2:00 p.m. on Friday, the first time trading would be permitted would generally be at 2:00 p.m. 
on the following Monday.  Trades may be made during the window period starting at least 24 hours following the release 
of earnings information and ending on the last trading day of the second month following the end of the quarter, provided 
you have no further material nonpublic information. 
  
Pre-Clearance of All Trades and all Stock Option Exercises 
  
To provide assistance in avoiding even the appearance of an improper transaction (which could result, for example, 
where a person engages in a trade while unaware of a pending major development), all transactions in ESI stock (stock 
option grants or exercises, acquisitions, dispositions, transfers, etc.) by officers, directors, general managers and other 
certain key financial people must be pre-cleared by the Chief Financial Officer (952-930-0100).  If you contemplate a 
transaction, you should contact the Chief Financial Officer in advance.  Transactions by the Chief Financial Officer shall 
be pre-cleared by the Chief Executive Officer. 
  
47 
 

 
Additional Discouraged Transactions   
  
ESI strongly discourages Company personnel from engaging in any of the following activities with respect 
to ESI securities: 
  
1.        Trading in Company securities on a short-term basis.  Any Company stock purchased in the open 
market must be held for a minimum of six months.  (Note that the SEC’s short-swing profit rule already prevents directors 
and executive officers from selling any Company stock within six months of a purchase.)  Stock received upon exercise 
of a stock option granted pursuant to a Stock Option Plan which is registered with the Securities & Exchange Commission 
on a Form S-8 need not be held for six months.  Such stock may be sold at anytime, assuming the trading window is open 
and you do not have any material nonpublic information. 
  
2.         Purchases on margin or short sales.  Employees should not “margin” ESI stock, whether for the 
purchase of ESI stock or any other securities.  Employees should also not “sell short” ESI stock (a “short sale” is a sale of 
shares which the seller does not own but expects to purchase in the future at a lower price). 
  
3.         Buying or selling puts or calls on ESI securities.  Employees should not buy or sell “puts” or “calls” 
on ESI securities.  
 Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements 
Notwithstanding the restrictions set forth elsewhere in this Insider Trading Policy, transactions by 
Company personnel which satisfy the following criteria will not be prohibited: 
  
1.         The purchase or sale must occur pursuant to any of the following: 
  
(a)        a binding contract to purchase or sell the security; 
  
(b)        instructions to another person to purchase or sell the security for the instructing person’s 
account; or 
  
(c)        a written plan for trading securities;  
  
which is delivered in writing to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer during a trading window 
defined by the Insider Trading Policy, provided the person proposing such contract, instruction or 
plan is not then aware of any material, nonpublic information concerning the Company and the first 
transaction pursuant to the contract, instruction or plan does not take place until at least 10 calendar 
days after delivery to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. 
  
2.         The contract, instruction or plan referenced in paragraph 1 above must comply with at least 
one of the following: 
  
(a)        The contract, instruction or plan specified the amount of securities to be purchased or sold 
and the price at which and the date on which the securities are to be purchased or sold. 
48 
 

 
(b)      The contract, instruction or plan included a written formula or algorithm, or computer 
program, for determining the amount of securities to be purchased or sold and the price at 
which and the date on which the securities were to be purchased or sold; or 
  
(c)        The contract, instruction or plan did not permit the person to exercise any subsequent 
influence over how, when, or whether to effect purchases or sales; provided, in addition, 
that any other person who, pursuant to the contract, instruction, or plan did exercise such 
influence must not have been aware of any material nonpublic information of the Company 
when doing so. 
  
For purposes of the foregoing paragraphs 1 and 2, the following definitions shall apply: 
  
(a)        “Amount” means either a specified number of shares or other securities or a specified dollar 
value of securities. 
  
(b)        “Price” means the market price on a particular date or a limited price, or a particular dollar 
price. 
  
(c)        “Date” means, in the case of a market order, the specific day of the year on which the order 
is to be executed (or as soon thereafter is as practicable under ordinary principals of best 
execution), or in the case of a limit order, a day of the year on which the limit order is 
enforced. 
  
Additional Requirements 
  
Company personnel who adopt a contract, instruction or plan meeting the criteria of paragraphs 1 and 2 
above may not thereafter deviate from the plan or engage in any corresponding or hedging transaction or 
positions.  Amendments to the contract, instruction or plan are permitted, however, during the trading windows 
provided by the Insider Trading Policy, provided at the time of such amendment the individual undertaking the 
amendment does not have any material, non-public information regarding the Company.  Company personnel will 
remain responsible for all Rule 144 provisions including the volume and aggregation requirements of Rule 144.  In 
addition, Company personnel must effect in a timely manner all filings under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934. 
  
The Company may chose to publicly announce any contract instruction or plan adopted pursuant to Rule 
10b5-1.  Such public disclosure may be included in the Company’s proxy statement, press releases or on the 
Company’s web site. 
  
Certification 
  
Company personnel will be required on an annual basis to certify their understanding of and intent to comply 
with this Policy Statement. 
 
49 
 

 
Company Assistance 
  
            Any person who has any general questions about this Policy Statement or questions about specific 
transactions should contact the Chief Financial Officer.  Remember, however, the ultimate responsibility for adhering to 
the Policy Statement and avoiding improper transactions rests with you.  In this regard, it is imperative that you use your 
best judgment. 
 
50 
 

 
Certification 
  
            The undersigned hereby certifies that he or she has read and understands, and agrees to comply with, the 
Company’s Policy Statement on Confidential Information and Securities Trading By Electro-Sensors, Inc. Personnel, a 
copy of which was received by the undersigned. 
  
  
  
  
Date:                                                                                                                                                     
       Signature 
  
  
                                                                                                                                                             
                       Name (please print) 
 
51 
 

 
DIRECTOR AND EXECUTIVE OFFICER ADDENDUM  
to  
Policy Statement 
on 
Confidential Information and Securities Trading  
by Electro-Sensors, Inc. Personnel 
(January 2003) 
  
  
INTRODUCTION   
  
In addition to the provisions of the attached Policy Statement on Confidential Information and Securities 
Trading by Electro-Sensors, Inc. Personnel, all ESI directors, “officers” (defined similar to “executive officers”) and more-
than-10% shareholders (collectively referred to as “Section 16 Individuals”) are subject to Section 16 of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”).  Also, each person who owns more 
than 5% of the outstanding stock of ESI is subject to Section 13 of the Exchange Act.  In light of Sections 16 and 13, and 
the new SEC reporting rules under Section 16, the Company has adopted certain additional policies with respect to 
transactions in ESI securities by directors and executive officers. 
  
SECTION 16 
  
Liability.  Section 16 applies to directors, executive officers and more-than-10% shareholders of the 
Company.  In general, Section 16(b) provides that any profit realized on a purchase and a sale of Company stock within a 
six-month period is recoverable by the Company.  For this purpose, it does not matter whether the purchase or the sale 
occurs first.  It is not necessary for the same shares to be involved in each of the matched transactions.  Losses cannot be 
offset against gains.  Transactions are paired so as to match the lowest purchase price and the highest sale price within a 
six-month period, resulting in the maximum amount of profit.  Good faith on the part of the insider is no defense.  If the 
Company itself does not press a claim, a claim for recovery of the profit may be asserted by any shareholder for the benefit 
of the Company. 
  
There are many types of transactions which constitute a “purchase” or a “sale” for Section 16 purposes in 
addition to normal open market transactions.  The receipt of an option, warrant or other right to acquire common stock (a 
“derivative security”) is generally a purchase unless received under plans meeting certain requirements.  Many unusual 
corporate reorganizations may be “purchases” or “sales.”  “Beneficial” ownership for Section 16 purposes may include 
indirect ownership, for example, through trusts or estates.  In some circumstances, stock held by close relatives of a person 
may be considered to be owned beneficially by such person, and a purchase (or sale) by one individual may be matchable 
with a sale (or purchase) by his close relative to produce a recoverable profit.  The provisions also apply to stock registered 
in a street name.  
 
52 
 

 
Reports. As a supplement to the profit recapture provisions of Section 16(b), Section 16(a) provides 
beneficial ownership reporting provisions.  Reports may be due even though the reported change in beneficial ownership 
is not a transaction of a type which can be matched for Section 16(b) purposes. 
  
Within 10 days of a person becoming an officer, director or 10% shareholder of an Exchange Act reporting 
company, such person must file an Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities, or a Form 3, as it is more 
commonly known, with the SEC.  A Form 3 Report is a statement by each reporting person of the amount of his or her 
beneficial ownership of each class of non-derivative securities (e.g., common stock) and derivative securities (e.g., options 
and warrants) of the Company.  Generally, an individual is deemed a “beneficial owner” of a security if the individual has 
or shares the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the 
securities.  Special rules apply for the application of the beneficial ownership definition to trust holdings and 
transactions.  In stating the amount of securities owned indirectly through a partnership, corporation, trust or other entity, 
the reporting person may report the entire amount owned by such entity or, alternatively, his or her proportionate interest 
in the securities beneficially owned by that entity. 
  
Under current rules, each insider must file his or her own individual report on Form 4 with the SEC on the 
second business day after most transactions, including the following: 
         Purchases and sales 
         Stock option exercises 
         Stock option grants 
         Restricted stock grants 
         Other grants, awards and other acquisitions from the company previously exempted by Rule 16b-3(d) 
         Dispositions to the Company that satisfy the requirements of Rule 16b-3(e), which includes (i) shares 
delivered to pay tax withholding amounts or an option exercise price, (ii) options surrendered in an 
option repricing and (iii) sales of shares 
         Discretionary transactions pursuant to employee benefit plans previously exempted by Rule 16b-3(f) 
where you control a trade date 
         Small acquisitions from the Company 
             
A Form 5 must be filed each year (within 45 days after the end of the Company’s fiscal year) by officers, 
directors and 10% owners to report any exempt transactions and to report failures to file previously due reports.  A primary 
purpose of the Form 5 is to promote compliance with Section 16 by requiring insiders to report any transactions which had 
not been  reported during the year.  At year-end officers and directors who have no Form 5 items to report will be required 
to provide their companies with a written representation that no Form 5 filing is due (i.e., there are no unreported 
transactions). 
   
53 
 

 
 
Power of Attorney.  It should be noted that even if an individual is unable personally to sign a Form 4 or 5 
(e.g., if you are out of town), the SEC permits the form to be signed by another without a prior or simultaneous filing of a 
power of attorney as long as a power is sent “as soon as practicable” thereafter.  In order to enable the Company to prepare 
and file the Forms 4 on a timely basis, it is imperative that you sign and return immediately the enclosed power 
of attorney if you have not previously signed one. 
  
Short Sales.  In addition to the foregoing, Section 16(c) prohibits the Company’s directors, officers and 
more-than-10% shareholders from making “short sales” of any equity security of the Company.  A “short sale” is a sale of 
securities which the seller does not own at the time or, if owned, securities that will not be delivered for a period longer 
than 20 days after the sale are prohibited. 
  
SECTION 13 
  
All more-than-5% shareholders of the Company are required to file initial reports under Section 13 of the 
Exchange Act.  Follow up reports will be required if any material changes in their shareholdings occur.  Those persons 
who are already five percent shareholders must file a Schedule 13G 45 days after the first calendar year-end when they 
become subject to this requirement.  Additional filings on Schedule 13G are due on each succeeding February 14 if there 
has been a change in the reported information during the year.  No filing is required where a change in the percentage of 
shares owned by a reporting person is caused solely be a change in the number of outstanding shares.  Material changes in 
shareholdings in the interim will trigger additional Schedule 13D filing requirements. 
  
ADDITIONAL PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS   
  
It is ESI’s policy that: (1) ESI directors and executive officers should not “margin” ESI stock, whether for 
the purchase of ESI stock or any other securities; and (2) the Company’s directors and executive officers should not buy 
or sell puts or calls with respect to ESI securities. 
  
PRE-CLEARANCE OF ALL TRADES 
  
To provide assistance in preventing inadvertent violations and avoiding even the appearance of an improper 
transaction (which could result, for example, where an officer engages in a trade while unaware of a pending major 
development), all transactions in ESI stock (stock option exercises or grant acquisitions, dispositions, transfers, etc.) by 
directors and executive officers must be pre-cleared by the Chief Financial Officer.  If you contemplate a transaction, you 
should contact the Chief Financial Officer in advance.  The Chief Financial Officer’s transactions shall be pre-cleared by 
the Chief Executive Officer. 
  
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION 
  
Directors and executive officers may be required, on an annual basis, to certify compliance with the attached 
Policy Statement on Confidential Information and Securities Trading by ESI Personnel and with the additional provisions 
of this Director and Executive Officer Addendum. 
  
  
DO NOT FORGET:  ALL TRANSACTIONS IN ESI 
STOCK BY DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE 
 OFFICERS MUST BE PRE-CLEARED BY 
 CONTACTING THE COMPANY’S  
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. 
 
54 
 

 
Certification 
  
The undersigned hereby certifies that he or she has read and understands, and agrees to comply with, the 
Company’s Policy Statement on Confidential Information and Securities Trading By Electro-Sensors, Inc. Personnel, 
together with the Director and Executive Officer Addendum thereto, a copy of which was received by the undersigned. 
  
  
  
  
Date:                                                                                                                                                     
       Signature 
  
  
                                                                                                                                                             
                       Name (please print) 
 
55 
 

 
EXHIBIT 23.1 
  
 
  
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
  
We have issued our report dated March 19, 2025 with respect to the financial statements included in the Annual 
Report of Electro-Sensors, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.  We hereby consent to the 
incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements of Electro-Sensors, Inc. on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 333-
210944) 
  
/s/ Boulay PLLP  
Minneapolis, MN 
March 19, 2025 
  
56 
 

 
EXHIBIT 31.1 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
 
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 
  
I, David L. Klenk, certify that: 
  
1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Electro-Sensors Inc.; 
  
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state 
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 
  
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 
  
4. I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 
  
(a)   Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and 
procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the 
registrant is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which 
this report is being prepared; 
  
(b)   Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over 
financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;  
  
(c)   Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the 
end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and 
  
(d)   Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 
  
5. I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the 
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing 
the equivalent functions): 
  
(a)   All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and 
  
(b)  Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.  
  
March 19, 2025 
/s/ David L. Klenk 
  
David L. Klenk 
  
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
57 
 

 
EXHIBIT 32.1 
  
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO  
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 
  
In connection with the Annual Report of Electro-Sensors, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, David L. Klenk, Chief 
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted 
pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 
  
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934; and  
  
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and 
results of operations of the Company. 
  
March 19, 2025 
/s/ David L. Klenk 
  
David L. Klenk 
  
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
  
 
 
58 
 

 
Exhibit 99.1 
March 19, 2025 
 
Dear Shareholders: 
Greetings and welcome to the Electro-Sensors 2024 Annual Report.  We appreciate your interest and 
continued support as we carry out our mission of supplying industry-leading machine monitoring sensors and hazard 
monitoring systems for global agricultural and industrial applications.  For over 50 years, our customers have relied 
on us to guard their machines and facilities - and more importantly – protect their people.  We believe this is a 
unique and special mission, and we have a group of passionate and dedicated employees committed to making it 
happen. 
In 2024, we achieved record annual revenue of $9.4 million, up 9.6% over the prior year.  While revenues 
grew steadily in our traditional wire-based product families, we experienced even greater growth in sales of 
HazardPROTM wireless hazard monitoring systems.  Customers continue to choose Electro-Sensors products for 
their legendary quality, extreme durability, and overall favorable cost of ownership.  International sales remain an 
important contributor to our business and grew on a percentage basis to 11.5% of revenue.  We are grateful to the 
faithful customers who consistently purchase our products year after year, and we’re excited to welcome many new 
customers with whom we are just beginning a relationship, one that we look forward to growing in the years ahead. 
While our 2024 sales results were strong, ongoing supply chain issues made order fulfilment an increased 
challenge as we continued to see instability in sourcing various components and materials used in manufacturing our 
products.  Our procurement and scheduling teams did a great job managing this dynamic situation; however, we 
cannot yet say the supply environment is stable and predictable.  Entering 2025, we see additional headwinds in our 
global supply chain that will require us to carefully monitor and respond to these continuing challenges.     
As you can see, we’ve had a busy and productive year.  We have an amazing team of tenacious employees 
committed to solving our customers’ most important business challenges.  Additionally, our Board of Directors 
remains focused on identifying business and corporate development projects to create value for our 
shareholders.  We look forward to building on these foundations and sharing updates with you along the way. 
Thanks again for your interest in Electro-Sensors.  We invite you to join our virtual annual shareholder 
meeting on April 23, 2025.  Please see your proxy statement or visit our website (www.electro-sensors.com) for 
details on how to access and participate in the virtual meeting.  
Sincerely, 
          
 
 
  David Klenk  
59 
 

 
Exhibit 99.2 
  
INVESTOR INFORMATION 
  
Annual Meeting 
  
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/ELSE2025 on April 23, 
2025 at 2:00 p.m. Central time. All shareholders are welcome to attend and take part in the discussion of Company 
affairs.  
  
Board of Directors  
David L. Klenk  
President, Electro-Sensors, Inc. 
  
Joseph A. Marino 
Chairman of the Board  
President, Cardia, Inc. 
  
Scott A. Gabbard  
Retired Finance Executive, Magenic Technologies, Inc. 
  
Michael C. Zipoy  
Retired Investment Executive, Feltl and Company 
  
Jeffrey D. Peterson  
Private Investor 
  
Officers  
David L. Klenk  
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer 
  
Transfer Agent & Registrar  
Equiniti Trust Company, LLC 
48 Wall Street, Floor 23 
New York, NY 10005 
  
Auditors   
Boulay PLLP 
11095 Viking Drive #500 
Eden Prairie, MN 55344 
  
Counsel  
Holland & Hart LLP 
555 17th Street Suite 3200 
Denver, CO 80202 
  
Exchange Listing  
The Nasdaq Stock Market (Capital Market) 
Common Stock 
Stock Trading Symbol: ELSE 
60