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FY2023 Annual Report · Faron
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Leading the way in
breakthrough
immunotherapies

Annual Report 2023

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Faron Pharmaceuticals in brief

Faron (AIM: FARN, First North: FARON) is a global, clinical-
stage  biopharmaceutical  company,  focused  on  tackling 
cancers via novel immunotherapies. Its mission is to bring 
the  promise  of  immunotherapy  to  a  broader  population  
by  uncovering  novel  ways  to  control  and  harness  the 
power of the immune system. The Company’s lead asset 
is bexmarilimab, a novel anti-Clever-1 humanized antibody, 
with  the  potential  to  remove  immunosuppression  of 
cancers  through  reprogramming  myeloid  cell  function. 
Bexmarilimab  is  being  investigated  in  Phase  I/II  clinical 
trials  (MATINS  and  BEXMAB)  as  a  potential  therapy 

for  patients  with  hematological  and  solid  cancers 
in    stand  alone  and  combination  with  other  standard 
treatments. Faron is also progressing plans to investigate 
bexmarilimab  in  combination  with  anti-PD-1  therapy  in 
selected advanced solid tumors. In terms of other pipeline 
assets,  Traumakine®  is  an  investigational  intravenous 
(IV)  interferon  beta-1a  therapy  for  the  prevention  of 
complications that arise from cytokine release syndrome, 
or hyperinflammatory conditions. Faron is headquartered 
in Turku, Finland with an office in Boston, MA in the United 
States. 

“I am pleased to report that we have made strong 
progress in 2023 closing MATINS and advancing 
our BEXMAB study of bexmarilimab, our wholly 
owned immunotherapy asset. Throughout the 
course of the year, we have reported highly 
encouraging data for bexmarilimab, showing  
a strong overall response rate in both  
higher-risk frontline MDS patients as well as  
HMA-failed MDS patients. None of this work  
would be possible without the ongoing support 
from our shareholders and our colleagues, 
to whom I express my sincere thanks.”

Dr. Markku Jalkanen
Chief Executive Officer 

For further information on Faron’s progress, development programs and pipeline, please visit Faron´s website www.faron.com.

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Contents

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS

Our Pipeline 
Highlights 2023 

STRATEGIC REPORT

Chairman’s Statement 
Chief Executive Officer’s Review 
Financial Review   
Risks and Uncertainties  

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Chairman’s Introduction to Governance 
Compliance with the Principles of the QCA Code 
Board of Directors 
Remuneration Report 
Corporate Governance Statement 
Directors’ Report 

FINANCIAL REPORT

Statement of Comprehensive Income 
Balance Sheet 
Parent Company Statement of Changes in Equity 
Group Statement of Changes in Equity 
Statement of Cash Flows 
Notes to the Financial Statements 
Results and Dividends 
Auditor’s Report 

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Our Pipeline

Building the future of immunotherapy

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Bexmarilimab – a CLEVER approach  
to fight cancer 

THE TARGET AND PROGRAMME

leads  to 

investigative 
is  Faron’s  wholly  owned, 
Bexmarilimab 
precision immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages 
(TAM) are considered a key source of resistance to current 
standard  of  care.  Bexmarilimab  is  a  novel  humanised 
anti-CLEVER-1  antibody,  that  targets  a  subpopulation  of 
TAMs, and converts the highly immunosuppressive M2-like 
macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory state to promote 
immune  activation.  Bexmarilimab  has  been  shown  to 
successfully  alter  the  scavenging  functions  of  CLEVER-1 
in  macrophages,  which 
increased  antigen 
presentation and promotion of interferon gamma secretion 
by  leukocytes.  Additional  preclinical  studies  have  proven 
that CLEVER-1, encoded by the Stabilin-1 or STAB-1 gene, is 
a major source of T cell exhaustion and involved in cancer 
growth  and  spread.  Observations  from  clinical  studies  to 
date  indicate  that  CLEVER-1  has  the  capacity  to  control 
T cell activation directly. This suggests the inactivation of 
CLEVER-1  as  an  immune  suppressive  molecule  could  be 
more  important  than  previously  thought.  Certain  blood 
cancer  cells  carry  significant  amounts  of  cell  surface 
CLEVER-1, which may limit the body’s ability to mount an 
immune response, and research has shown a clear survival 
benefit  among  certain  blood  cancer  patients  with  low 
CLEVER-1  expression.  As  an  immuno-oncology  therapy, 
bexmarilimab is  designed  to  downregulate  CLEVER-1 
expression,  thereby  increasing  antigen  presentation  and 
allowing  the  immune  system  to  better  identify  and  kill 
cancer cells. This could result in a deeper and more durable 
clinical benefit compared to what most patients experience 
with currently approved treatments. 

CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

Bexmarilimab  is  currently  being  studied  in  combination 
with  standard  of  care  in  patients  with  hypomethylating 
agents  (HMAs)-refractory  or  -relapsed  myelodysplastic 
syndrome  (MDS),  an  aggressive  myeloid  leukemia  with 

very  few  treatment  options.  Phase  2  of  the  BEXMAB 
study  is  underway  following  positive  results  from  Phase 
1 which showed a significant overall response rate in both 
higher-risk  frontline,  as  well  as  hypomethylating  agent 
(HMA)-failed,  MDS  patients.  The  ongoing,  randomized 
parallel-assigned  Phase  2  part  of  the  study  is  enrolling 
HMA-failed  MDS  patients  at  dose  levels  selected  in 
accordance  with  the  FDA’s  Project  Optimus  initiative, 
which aims to reform the paradigm of dose optimization 
and selection in oncology drug development. Patients are 
being randomized 1:1 between the doses before moving 
into a Phase 2/3 study expansion.  

Beyond  BEXMAB,  planning  continues  for  the  Phase 
2  BEXCOMBO  study,  which  will  evaluate  bexmarilimab 
with  PD-1  blockade  in  head  and  neck,  bladder  and 
non-small  cell 
is  also 
low  risk 
immunotherapy’s  potential 
exploring the 
MDS  as  well  as  chronic  myelomonocytic  leukaemia 
(CMML)  patients,  who  are  currently  treated  with  HMA-
based  therapies  treatment  upon  worsening  of  disease. 

lung  cancers.  The  Company 

in 

BEXMARILIMAB MANUFACTURING

At the end of 2023 Faron, with its partner AGC Biologics, 
produced  the  first  industrial  scale  2000L  batch  of  the 
active  pharmaceutical  ingredient  (API)  of  bexmarilimab. 
During 2024 it will be further manufactured into final drug 
product to undergo stability and quality testing in order to 
be ready to be used in a confirmatory registrational trial in 
2025 leading to marketing approval. Final clinical testing 
needs to be done using the product that is produced using 
a tightly regulated commercial manufacturing process.

This project has received funding from
the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme
under grant agreement No 960914. 

5

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Traumakine® – enhancing the endothelial 
barrier, organ protection in ischemia  
and inflammation

THE TARGET AND PROGRAMME

CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 

Traumakine®  is  Faron’s  investigational  intravenous  (IV) 
interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) therapy for the prevention 
of complications from cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 
or 
ischemia  and  hyperinflammatory  conditions.  The 
body’s own, natural production of IFN beta-1a, a key anti-
inflammatory  signaling  protein  produced  in  response  to 
infection,  is  one  of  the  major  innate  immunity  defenses 
against virus invasion and a vital response to inflammation 
and cell integrity. IFN beta-1a has previously demonstrated 
a  compelling  argument  against  viral  infection.  Faron  is 
investigating  the  potential  of  Traumakine®  treatment  to 
further  strengthen  this  natural  defense.  In  addition  to  a 
profound  antiviral  effect,  when  given  intravenously,  IFN 
beta-1a  upregulates  the  cell  surface  protein  Cluster  of 
Differentiation 73 (CD73) on endothelial cells. CD73 is an 
enzyme that suppresses pro-inflammatory responses and 
protects  organs  from  ischemia  and  inflammation.  The 
integrity  of  vasculature  and  capillaries,  which  maintain 
the  supply  of  oxygen  in  various  organs,  is  sustained  by 
endothelial  cells  covering  the  inner  surfaces  of  blood 
vessels  and  forming  a  barrier  between  circulation  and 
tissues. The breakdown of this endothelial barrier results 
in  leakage  of  blood  content  to  tissues.  Inducing  CD73 
enzyme expression on vascular endothelium can protect 
vital organs against ischemia and inflammation, offering a 
new approach to the treatment of several life threatening 
diseases and conditions.

TThe Company’s INFORAAA study shows Traumakine®- 
induced upregulation of CD73 was associated with 100% 
survival  in  surgically  operated  ruptured  abdominal  aorta 
aneurysm (RAAA) patients. These patients are at high risk 
of  ischemia-reperfusion  injury,  with  expected  mortality 
between 30-40% due to multi-organ failure. 
  Data  from  the  preclinical  Salvage,  Preservation,  and 
Advanced Resuscitation through Endothelial Stabilization 
(SPARES)  study,  coordinated 
in  conjunction  with 
from  Wake  Forest  Health,  Duquesne 
investigators 
University,  the  59th  Medical  Wing  of  the  US  Air  Force 
and  with  funding  from  the  US  Department  of  Defense, 
further  highlights  the  promise  of  IV  IFN  beta-1a  therapy 
as  a  potential  therapeutic  for  emergency  and  trauma 
patients,  especially  when  given  early  on.  In  the  study, 
primates treated with Traumakine® at the time of major 
inflammation  due  to  ischemia  showed  lower  levels  of 
muscle  and  liver  damage  markers  indicating  total  body 
protection. The full restoration of limb function was seen 
with no evidence of muscle atrophy or degeneration. 
  A collaboration with the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research 
Center  in  Seattle,  Washington,  is  ongoing  to  further 
investigate the use of IV IFN beta-1a for the prevention of 
organ damage from cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 
other  CAR-T  therapy  side  effects,  such  as  neurotoxicity 
(ICANs). 

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Haematokine® – haematopoietic stem 
cell expansion 

THE TARGET AND PROGRAMME

CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT

Hematokine is currently undergoing IND-enabling studies. 

is 
Hematopoietic  Stem  Cell  Transplantation  (HSCT) 
standard  of  care  for  many  diseases  of  the  blood  and 
bone  marrow.  However,  transplant  failure,  a  result  of 
poor  expansion  rates  from  the  transplanted  cells,  is  a 
complication that occurs in over 25% of patients and can 
be lethal. The AOC3 enzymatic domain, a semi carbazide 
sensitive  amine  oxidase,  is  known  to  produce  hydrogen 
peroxide (H2O2), a potent inflammatory mediator. In vivo, 
ex  vivo  and  in  vitro  studies  have  revealed  that  an  ACO3 
enzymatic  end  product  H2O2  controls  expansion  of 
hematopoietic stem cells. 

Haematokine®  regulates  AOC3  activity  in  order  to 
expand  hematopoietic  stem  cells,  which  can  be  used  in 
regenerative  medicines  in  hematological  malignancies 
where  expansion  rates  in  transplanted  cells  are  low  and 
possibly  for  the  treatment  of  chemotherapy  induced 
suppression of the bone marrow, e.g. chemotherapy induced 
neutropenia  (CIN).  This  program,  currently  in  preclinical 
development,  has  the  potential  to  benefit  all  indications 
where an expansion of haemopoietic stem cells is needed.  

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Highlights

Operational (including post period):

BEXMARILIMAB  –  Faron’s  wholly  owned,  novel 
precision  cancer 
immunotherapy  candidate, 
in  Phase  I/II  development  for  difficult-to-treat 
hematological and solid tumor cancers.

Hematological cancer with standard of care  
(SOC) - BEXMAB

 • The Phase 2 part of the BEXMAB study commenced 
based  on  guidance  from  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug 
Administration  (FDA), 
investigating  bexmarilimab 
in  combination  with  SoC  in  patients  with  HMA-
refractory  or  -relapsed  MDS.  The  first  patient  was 
dosed in January 2024. 

 • Data  from  the  completed  Phase  1  part  of  the 
BEXMAB  study  demonstrated  significant  ORR  in 
both  previously  HMA-failed  (5  out  of  5)  and  higher-
risk  MDS  patient  (5  out  of  5)  populations.  The  vast 
majority  of  responses  were  durable  with  7/10  MDS 
patients achieving CR/mCR and two demonstrating 
PR,  one  of  whom  moved  on  to  receive  a  stem 
cell  transplantation  and  the  other,  hematological 
improvement without remission (HI-P). 

 • Further  analysis  of  the  patient  profiles  of  those  
treated  in  the  the  completed  Phase  1  part  of  the 
BEXMAB trial showed that patients had experienced 
disease  progression  following  previous  treatment 
with  azacitidine  monotherapy  or  combinations  of  
included  azacitidine 
up  to  four  therapies  that 
or  decitabine  +  magrolimab,  venetoclax  and 
sabatolimab.  3  of  the  5  patients  were  refractory  to 
previous HMA-therapy, with progressive disease (PD) 
or  stable  disease  (SD)  being  the  best  responses 
achieved  from  that  therapy.  2  had  relapsed  after 
treatment  with  azacitidine  or  an  azacitidine+ 
venetoclax combination. 

 • The  FDA  granted  ODD  for  bexmarilimab  for  the 

treatment of AML.

 • BEXMAB  phase  1/2  clinical  data  presented  at  key 
scientific  conferences  including  American  Socitety 
of Hematology (ASH) and the European Hematology 
Association Congress 2023.

 • Post  period,  In  January  2024,  Faron  dosed  the  first 
patients  in  the  Phase  2  part  of  its  BEXMAB  Study, 
to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bexmarilimab 
in  combination  with  standard  of  care  (SoC),  in 
(HMAs)-refractory  or 
hypomethylating  agents 
relapsed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients.
 • Post  period,  in  March  2024,  the  Company  has 
announced that it plans to provide BEXMAB readout 
to the markets in mid-March.

Single-agent safety and activity in advanced  
solid tumors  - MATINS

 • The first in human MATINS study was completed and 
the full safety and anti-tumor efficacy results from the 
first-in-human Phase 1/2 MATINS trial of bexmarilimab 
in  patients  with  treatment-refractory  late-stage  solid 
tumors was published in Cell Reports Medicine.

 • The Company presented two posters at the American 
Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023 
on  its  Phase  I/II  MATINS  study  of  bexmarilimab  in 
solid tumors and published a manuscript via medRxiv.  
 • The  findings  from  MATINS,  which  have  established 
strong foundations for Faron’s ongoing development 
program, showed activation of intratumoral immunity 
and reprogramming tumor associated macrophages 
resulting  in  increase  in  IFN-gamma  signature  and 
changes in tumor microevironment, (TME) resulting 
in  disease  control  and  prolonged  survival  in  late-
stage  cancer.  Furthermore,  targeting  Clever-1  with 
bexmarilimab  is  well-tolerated.    A  positive  Phase  I/
II  meeting  with  the  FDA  supported  the  potential  to 
continue development of bexmarilimab in solid tumors. 

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

CORPORATE HIGHLIGHTS 

 •

In 2023, the Company raised equity capital via three 
private placements directed to institutional and other 
investors to raise EUR 25.7 million, in October 2023 
(EUR 7.1 million), in June 2023 (EUR 6.6 million), and 
in January 2023 (EUR 12.0 million).  

 • James  O’Brien,  CPA,  MBA,  joined  as  Chief  Financial 
Officer.  Mr.  O’Brien  is  an  accomplished  biotech  and 
financial  executive with  extensive  experience  in  the 
US capital markets. 

 • Strengthening  of  the  Board  of  Directors  with  the 
appointments  of  Dr.  Marie-Louise  Fjällskog,  Ms. 
Christine Roth and Mr. Tuomo Pätsi, who joined the 
Board  as  Non-Executive  Directors  of  the  Company. 
Dr  Marie-Louise  Fjällskog  was  previously  acting 
Chief  Medical  Officer  at  Faron.  In  her  new  position 
as  a  Board  member  she  is  continuesing  to  play  an 
integral  role  in  the  development  of  Faron’s  wholly 
owned 
immunotherapy  asset,  bexmarilimab,  by 
providing  her  clinical  and  regulatory  expertise  to 
support  the  Company’’s  progress.  Ms.  Christine 
Roth 
is  a  pharmaceutical  executive  with  over 
three  decades  of  experience  in  the  industry,  with 
expertise  across  various  therapy  areas  including 
Oncology,  Cardiovascular,  Metabolic,  and  Infectious 
Diseases.  Mr  Pätsi  is  an  experienced  biotech  and 
pharmaceutical  executive  who  was  until  recently 
Executive Vice President for Seagen Inc., a US-based, 
cancer-focused biotechnology company. 

9

Combination potential with PD-1 blockade   
- BEXCOMBO - and further expansion

 • Preparations  are  ongoing  for  the  initiation  of  the 
Phase  II  BEXCOMBO  trial  evaluating  bexmarilimab 
with  PD-1  blockade,  aimed  at  improving  the  clinical 
benefits  from  standard-of-care  PD-1  blockade.    The 
first, proof-of-concept cohort under the investigation 
will be in head and neck cancer, followed by bladder 
and  non-small  cell  lung  cancers.  Patient  cohorts 
will comprise between 15 and 40 subjects, with the 
opportunity for subgroup enrichment.

 • Given  the  positive  results  to  date,  the  Company  is 
exploring bexmarilimab’s potential in low risk MDS as 
well as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) 
patients,  and  considering further  development 
and  expansion  opportunities  with bexmarilimab in 
hematological cancers in the form of partnerships. 

TRAUMAKINE® 
investigational 
intravenous  (IV)  interferon  beta-1a  therapy,  in 
development for hyperinflammatory conditions.

Faron’s 

– 

 • Traumakine 

is  being  developed 

in  collaboration 
with  the  Fred  Hutchinson  Cancer  Research  Center 
in  Seattle,  Washington,  for  the  development  of 
neurotoxicity  related  to  cytokine  release  syndrome 
associated with CAR-T therapy. 

HAEMATOKINE  –  An  investigative  AOC3  (amine 
oxidase  copper  containing  3)  protein  inhibitor 
targeting  Vascular  Adhesion  Protein-1  (VAP-
1)  for  the  use  in  regenerative  medicine  for  the 
expansion  of  hematopoietic  stem  cells  and  to 
treat supressed bone marrow and the production 
of new blood cells.

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

 • Mr.  Leopoldo  Zambeletti,  who  joined  Faron’s  Board 
as  a  Non-Executive  Director  in  September  2015, 
stepped down from the board, to take on a business 
development  consulting  role  within  Faron.  He  is  a 
highly  respected  figure  within  the  life  sciences  and 
investment  banking industries and, since 2013,  has 
been an independent strategic advisor to life science 
companies  on  mergers  and  acquisitions,  out-
licensing deals, and financing strategy. 

 • Dr. Birge Berns, MD, joined Faron as the Company’s 
interim Chief Medical Officer.  Dr. Berns is a seasoned 
senior pharmaceuticals executive with a background 
in  oncology,  clinical  medicine,  rheumatology  and 
immunology.  She  brings  more  than  25  years’ 
experience  from  senior  leadership  roles  in  global 
pharmaceutical companies, including Sanofi Aventis 
and Johnson & Johnson.

 • Dr. Gregory B. Brown and Anne Whitaker stepped down 
from their positions as a Non-Executive Directors.  

10

FINANCIAL

 • On December 31, 2023, Faron held cash balances of 

EUR 6,9 million (2022: EUR 7,0 million). 

 • Loss  for  the  period  for  the  financial  year  ended 
December 31, 2023, was EUR 30,9 million (2022: EUR 
28,7 million).

 • Net  assets  on  December  31,  2023,  were  EUR  -15,2 

 •

 •

 •

million (2022: EUR -11,5 million).   
In January 2023 the Company successfully raised a 
total of EUR 12,0 million gross through the issuance 
of 3,692,308 ordinary shares to investors. 
In  June  2023,  Faron  conducted  a  placement  of 
2,601,510 newly issued treasury shares to investors 
to raise EUR 6,6 million.
In  October  2023,  the  Company  successfully  raised 
EUR  7,1  million  gross  through  the  issuance  of 
2,491,998 ordinary shares to investors. 

 • The primary reason for conducting the placings were 
to accelerate and expand the clinical development of 
the  Company’s  main  drug  candidate,  bexmarilimab, 
scale 
advance 
production,  support  general  corporate  purposes  
and  other  pipeline  development,  and  to  strengthen 
the Company’s balance sheet. 

bexmarilimab’s 

commercial 

 • Post  period, 

in  February  2024,  the  Company 
announced that it is in breach of several undertakings 
agreed  in  the  Facilities  Agreement  with  IPF  and 
subsequent  waiver  letters  provided  by  IPF  and  is 
therefore in several events of default. 

 • Post  period, 

the  Company 
in  March  2024, 
successfully  raised  a  total  of  EUR  3,2  million  in 
convertible  loans  allowing  the  Company  to  secure 
short-term financing.  The company continues active 
endeavors to secure longer term funding. 

 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

CONSOLIDATED KEY FIGURES, IFRS

€’000

Unaudited 
7–12/2023 
months

Unaudited 
7–12/2022 
months

1–12/2023
12 months

1–12/2022
12 months

Other operating income

0

318

0

803

Research and Development expenses

(11,024)

(10,683)

(19,542)

(20,730)

General and Administrative expenses

(4,732)

(3,697)

(9,026)

(7,498)

Loss for the period

Loss per share EUR

(15,756)

(14,062)

(28,568)

(28,730)

(0.26)

(0.27)

(0.48)

(0.52)

Number of shares at end of period

68,786,699

59,805,383

68,786,699 

59,805,383 

Average number of shares

67,137,790

57,230,625

65,055,036 

55,229,835 

€’000

Cash and cash equivalents

Equity

Balance sheet total

Unaudited 
30 Jun 2023

Unaudited 
30 Jun 2022

31 Dec 2023

31 Dec 2022

6,315 

(9,483) 

12,836 

9,936

(5,194)

16,729 

6,875 

6,990

(15,160) 

(11,476)

10,220

11,271

11

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Chairman’s 
Statement 

During  2023  has  been  another  solid  year  of  clinical  tiral 
progress  for  Faron.  We  continue  to  see  bexmarilimab, 
our  novel,  wholly  owned  investigational  immunotherapy 
candidate  as  the  major  value  driver  for  Faron,  and  so 
our focus has been, and remains, to continue to advance 
bexmarilimab through clinical development. 

We  were  pleased  to  conclude  the  MATINS  trial, 
which  provided  a  huge  amount  of  information  around 
the  safety  of  bexmarilimab  in  a  monotherapy  setting 
and  we  were  honoured  to  present  and  publish  the 
data  at  several  conferences  and  in  important  scientific 
Journals.      As  we  have  said  for  a  long  time,  we  believe 
the  future  of  cancer  therapy  for  later-stage  treatment 
is  in  the  combination  setting  and  we  strongly  believe, 
reinforced  by  the  remarkable  clinical  data  from  the  last 
year, that bexmarilimab will be part of the backbone of a 
combination setting. 

Our  most  advanced  program,  and  our  main  focus 
at  Faron,  is  our  Phase  1/2  BEXMAB  trial  investigating 
the  safety,  tolerability  and  preliminary  efficacy  of 
bexmarilimab  in  combination  with  standard  of  care 
therapies.  Over  the  course  of  the  year,  we  have  seen 
very  encouraging  data  from  the  BEXMAB  trial  with 
bexmarilimab  continuing  to  show  real  clinical  benefit 
in  specific  patient  populations.  We  have  consistently 
provided  updates  to  the  market  and  presented  the  data  
at  several  prestigious  scientific  conferences  where  we 
have had very positive feedback from key opinion leaders 
as well as from the clinicians in our trials.  This has given 
us continued confidence in the potential of bexmarilimab 
to  provide  better  patient  outcomes  and  improve  the 
quality of life in patients suffering from these aggressive 
conditions.  We will continue to explore the best options 
in  the  combination 
to  commercialize  bexmarilimab 

setting  and,  as  we  move  to  next  year,  we  are  looking  to 
have substantial interactions with the US FDA about the 
best path to market in our chosen indications.

We  are  very  fortunate  at  Faron  to  have  long-term 
supportive 
incredibly 
investors  and  so,  despite  the 
challenging  funding  environment  seen  this  past  year 
in  both  Europe  and  the  US,  we  were  pleased  to  raise 
additional capital throughout the period totalling EUR 25.7 
million.  Amongst other things, these funds have allowed 
us  to  accelerate  our  bexmarilimab  program,  bringing 
this much needed potential treatment one step closer to 
patients.  We will look to strengthen our shareholder base 
as we move into 2024.  

We had several Board and management changes over 
the  course  of  the  year.    Dr.  Gregory  B.  Brown  and  Anne 
Whitaker  both  stepped  down  from  their  positions  as  a 
Non-Executive Directors of the Company and Faron Board 
Member  Mr.  Leopoldo  Zambeletti  also  stepped  down  to 
assume a transactional advisor role within the Company 
on business development opportunities.  We were pleased, 
however, to welcome Mr. Tuomo Pätsi and Ms. Christine 
Roth  as  Non-Executive  Directors  of  the  Company.  Ms 
Roth has played key roles in the development and launch 
of several therapies, including the first immune-oncology 
therapy  and 
intentionally  designed  targeted  therapy 
combinations. 

Dr. Marie-Louise Fjällskog, moved from Chief Medical 
Officer  to  assume  a  Board  position  and  we  are  very 
grateful  that  when  she  decided  to  retire,  she  had  the 
confidence to continue with the company in this role.  We 
also appointed a new Chief Financial Officer, Mr. James 
O’Brien,  a  very  experienced  US  based  CFO  who  has 
already  made  a  big  impact,  and  Dr.  Birge  Berns,  MD  as 
Interim Chief Medical Officer. 

12

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

I  would  like  to  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  our 
outgoing  Board  members  for  their  service  and  guidance 
to Faron during their tenure and to Mr. Toni Hänninen, our 
previous CFO, for his service to Faron over the years.  

As always, I would like to thank the whole management 
team, led by Dr. Markku Jalkanen, Chief Executive Officer, 
for their continued dedication and guidance, my colleagues 
on  the  Board  for  their  commitment  to  the  Company 
and  our  partner  organisations  and  steering  committee 
members for their support and expertise. I would also like 
to  extend  thanks  to  all  the  employees  at  Faron  for  their 
hard work and dedication.  Most importantly, I would like 
to thank all the patients on our clinical trials, their families, 
and our trial investigators without whom we would not be 
where we are today. 2024 is set to be a pivotal for Faron 
when  BEXMAB  will  deliver  key  data  giving  us  a  clearer 
direction  towards  commercialization.  I  look  forward  to 
providing further updates as we continue to progress our 
innovative pipeline.  

Dr Frank Armstrong
Chairman
March 13, 2024

13

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Chief  
Executive  
Officer’s  
Review 

2023  was  a  year  of  significant  progress  for  Faron  with 
in  our  ambitious  bexmarilimab 
momentum  building 
development  program  and  a  continued 
laser  focus 
on  proving  the  potential  of  this  novel  myeloid  cell  re-
programming 
immunotherapy  to  treat  patients  with 
aggressive hematological malignancies.  

Initial  promising  results  emerged  early  in  2023  from 
the first part of our Phase 1/2 BEXMAB study, investigating 
bexmarilimab  in  combination  with  standard  of  care 
(azacitidine and venetoclax) in relapsed/refractory acute 
myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes 
(MDS)  patients  who  had  failed  hypomethylating  agents 
(HMAs). These early, positive responses in a very difficult 
to treat refractory setting were extremely exciting, given 
patients in the trial had failed standard of care and were 
left with few treatment options. 

Through  2023  the  trial  delivered  highly  encouraging 
results which continued to improve over time. And by the 
time the first part of the trial completed, the data were no 
less  compelling.  The  bexmarilimab  combination  therapy 
had  shown  a  strong  overall  response  rate  (ORR)  in  both 
higher-risk  frontline  MDS  patients  (5/5  patients)  as  well 
as  HMA-failed  MDS  patients  (5/5  patients).  Observed 
responses  were  primarily  deep  and  durable  with  7/10 

MDS  patients  achieving  complete  remission/  marrow 
complete  remission  (CR/mCR),  and  two  demonstrating 
partial remission (PR), one of whom moved on to receive 
a  stem  cell  transplantation  and  the  other,  hematological 
improvement without remission (HI-P).  

The  combination  continued  to  be  well-tolerated  and 
generated  strong  and  durable  leukemic  blast  eradication 
and  immune  responses.  These  were  tremendous  data, 
supporting  bexmarilimab’s  unique  mechanism  of  action 
in  the  field  of  myeloid  cell  re-programming.  And  provided 
compelling evidence for us to continue development, at pace.  
We rapidly initiated the second phase of the BEXMAB 
study in November, selecting HMA-refractory or -relapsed 
MDS as the initial indication, based on guidance from the 
U.S. Food  and  Drug  Administration  (FDA).  MDS  presents 
a  considerable  patient  burden  given  the  limited  efficacy 
of the current standard of care, resulting in relatively low 
response  rates  and  poor  overall  survival.  Our  data  from 
the  first  part  of  the  study  underscored  the  potential  of 
combining  bexmarilimab  with  existing  treatments  to 
advance care for patients who so desperately need help. 
Post period, in January 2024, the first patients were dosed 
in  the  second  phase  of  the  study  and  the  team  secured 
additional trial sites to speed up its recruitment.  

14

This is an incredibly important stage in bexmarilimab’s 
development  as  data  from  this  phase  of  the  trial  will 
enable us to discuss a potential registrational study plan 
with the FDA. 

We  are  thrilled  with  this  progress  and  our  absolute 
priority  is  to  pursue  an  accelerated  path  to  approval  for 
bexmarilimab  in  its  initial  indication,  where  we  know 
the  need  is  so  great.  We  also  understand  the  broader 
opportunities for this immunotherapy. The FDA has granted 
Orphan  Drug  Designation  (ODD)  to  bexmarilimab  for  
the  treatment  of  acute  myeloid  leukemia  (AML),  another 
hematological  cancer  with  too  few  treatment  options. 
And armed with the wealth of data generated so far in the 
BEXMAB study, we are exploring bexmarilimab’s potential 
in  low  risk  MDS  as  well  as  chronic  myelomonocytic 
leukaemia (CMML) patients. These are development and 
expansion opportunities that we will consider in the form 
of partnerships as our research continues.

Communicating to the broader healthcare community 
was  an  important  aspect  of  our  work  in  2023  and  I  am 
delighted  that  the  team  was  able  to  share  and  discuss 
the  strong  data  emerging  from  the  BEXMAB  program 
at  many  of  the  leading  scientific  conferences,  including 
the  American  Association  for  Cancer  Research  Annual 
Meeting, 
the  European  Hematology  Association 
(EHA)  2023  Congress  and  the  65th  American  Society 
of  Hematology  (ASH)  Annual  Meeting.  It  was  also  a 
significant moment in December of 2023 when the leading 
scientific journal, Cell Reports Medicine, published the full 
safety and anti-tumor efficacy results from the Company’s 
first-in-human  Phase  1/2  MATINS  trial  of bexmarilimab 
monotherapy in solid tumors. That trial achieved disease 
control and prolonged survival in a proportion of patients 
with  very  late-stage  cancers  who  had  exhausted  all 
standard treatment options. It formed the bedrock of our 
understanding of the potential of bexmarilimab.  

Alongside  bexmarilimab’s  significant  advancements 
we  have  continued 
the  Company’s 
to  strengthen 
foundations.  The  appointment  of  James  O’Brien,  CPA, 
MBA,  as  Chief  Financial  Officer,  supports  our  journey  to 
becoming  a  global  pharmaceutical  company,  given  his 
extensive experience in the US capital markets and strong 
track  record  as  an  accomplished  biotech  and  financial 
executive. When Dr. Marie-Louise Fjällskog stepped down 
as  Faron’s  Chief  Medical  Officer,  we  were  delighted  that 
she  agreed  to  continue  playing  an  integral  role  in  the 
development  of  bexmarilimab,  by  providing  clinical  and 
regulatory  expertise  through  her  Non-Executive  Director 
role  on  our  Board.  Dr.  Birge  Berns,  who  we  appointed 
interim  Chief  Medical  Officer, 
is  a  seasoned  senior 
pharmaceuticals executive with a background in oncology, 
clinical  medicine,  rheumatology  and  immunology.  She 

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

brings a wealth of global pharmaceutical experience that 
is critical to this business.  

I  am  excited  for  the  Company’s  future  in  2024.  The 
latest  stage  of  the  BEXMAB  trial  will  provide  important 
data  to  support  our  continued  discussions  with  the  FDA 
and, we hope, provide us with a clear pathway to bringing 
bexmarilimab  to  patients.  Our  confidence  grows  in  the 
potential  of  this  novel  therapy  to  provide  better  patient 
outcomes and improve the quality of life of those suffering 
from  aggressive  hematological  cancers.  The  excellent 
BEXMAB  data  have 
intensified  numerous  ongoing 
partnering  discussions  and  we  are  looking  forward  to 
advancing these discussions over the coming year. 

None  of  this  work  would  be  possible  without  the 
ongoing  support  from  our  shareholders,  to  whom  I 
express  my  sincere  thanks.  And  to  my  colleagues  on 
the management team, and the wider Faron community, 
thank you for your continued commitment to making this 
Company’s  vision  a  reality  and  bringing  the  promise  of 
bexmarilimab to patients.

Dr Markku Jalkanen
Chief Executive Officer 
March 13, 2024

15

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Financial
Review

Despite  continuing  challenging  market  conditions  in 
2023, the Company was able to conduct three successful 
fundraising  rounds.  Combined,  these  financings  raised 
EUR 25,7 million.  As a result of these fundraising efforts, 
the net cash from financing activities of EUR 23,9 million 
compared  to  EUR  23,5  million  in  2022.  Post  period  in 
March  2024,  the  Company  successfully  raised  a  total 
of  EUR  3,2  million  in  subordinated  convertible  loan 
arrangements  with  existing  shareholders.Faron  places  
a strategic emphasis on capital efficiency, a key element 
of  extending  our  cash  runway,  without  compromising 
the ability to advance our clinical development program. 
This  capital  efficiency  has  allowed  us  to  achieve  more 
with  available  resources,  while  focusing  on  clinical 
outcomes.  During  2023,  nearly  70%  of  cash  expenses 
were  spent  directly  in  support  of  our  bexmarilimab 
clinical  development  program  including  manufacturing. 
General  and  administrative  expenses  were  flat  in  2023 
when  compared  to  2022  excluding  one-time  items  and 
financing costs.  

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

R&D  costs  were  EUR  19,5  million  in  2023  compared  to 
20,7 million in 2022, a decrease of EUR 1,2 million. These 
costs are attributable to advancing our clinical programs 
including  completion  of  BEXMAB  Phase  I  and  the  
initiation of Phase II. Clinical trial costs include the cost  
of  patient  and  site  enrollment,  CRO  service  costs  
including  monitoring, 
and 
for  personnel  directly 
compensation  and  benefits 
responsible for R&D activities, and product supply costs. 
The  costs  of  outsourced  clinical  trial  services  were 
EUR 4,0 million in 2023 compared to EUR 5,1 million in 

investigator 

fees, 

2022.  Compensation  and  benefits  were  EUR  3,2  million 
in 2023 and EUR 5,2 million in 2022 and included stock 
compensation  expense  of  EUR  0,7  million  and  EUR  0,3 
million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.  

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATION COSTS

G&A expenses were EUR 9.0 million in 2023 compared to 
EUR 7,5 million in 2022, an increase of EUR 1,5 million. 
The  increase  was  mainly  due  to  the  recognition  of  the 
incremental  fair  value  of  amending  the  terms  of  2015 
option  plan  of  EUR  1,2  million.    Compensation  and 
benefits were EUR 5,7 million in 2023 and EUR 4,5 million 
in  2022  and  included  stock  compensation  expense  of 
EUR  1,7  million  and  EUR  1.0  million  in  2023  and  2022, 
respectively.  

TAXATION

The  Company’s  tax  credit  for  the  fiscal  year  2023  can 
be  recorded  only  after  the  Finnish  tax  authorities  have 
approved  the  tax  report  and  confirmed  the  amount  of 
tax-deductible expenses. The total amount of cumulative 
tax  losses  carried  forward  approved  by  tax  authorities 
on December 31, 2023 was EUR 51,6 million (2022: EUR 
47,1 million). The Company estimates that it can utilize 
most of these during the years 2024 to 2034 by offsetting 
them  against  potential  future  profits.  In  addition,  the 
Company has EUR 95,2 million of R&D costs incurred in 
the  financial  years  2010  -  2023  that  have  not  yet  been 
deducted  from  taxation.  This  amount  can  be  deducted 
over an indefinite period at the Company’s discretion. 

16

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

LOSSES

Loss before income tax and total comprehensive income 
in 2023 was EUR 30,9 million compared to EUR 28,7 million 
in  2022,  which  represents  a  loss  of  EUR  0.48  per  share 
and EUR 0.52 per share in 2023 and 2022, respectively.  

CASH FLOWS

Net cash flow in each of the year ended December 31, 2023 
and  2022  was  essentially  flat.  Cash  used  for  operating 
activities  in  2023  was  EUR  23,8  million  compared  to 
2022 of EUR 23,0 million. Net cash inflow from financing 
activities in 2023 was EUR 24,0 million compared to 2022 
of EUR 23,5 million. 

FUNDRAISING 

In  January  2023  the  Company  successfully  raised  a 
total  of  EUR  12,0  million  gross  through  the  issuance 
of  3,692,308  ordinary  shares  investors.  In  June  2023, 
Faron  conducted  a  placement  of  2,601,510  newly 
issued treasury shares to raise EUR 6,6 million gross. In 
October 2023, the Company successfully raised EUR 7,1 
million gross through the issuance of 2,491,998 ordinary 
shares  to  investors.  Post  period,  In  March  2024,  the 
Company successfully raised a total of EUR 3,2 million in 
subordinated convertible loan arrangements with certain 
existing shareholders. 

FINANCIAL POSITION  

As of 31 December 2023, total cash and cash equivalents 
held were EUR 6,9 million compared to 2022 of EUR 7,0 
million.  

GOING CONCERN

As  part  of  their  going  concern  review,  the  Directors 
have  followed 
International  Accounting  Standard  1, 
Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  (IAS  1).  The 
Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  a  number 
of  risks  similar  to  those  of  other  development  state 
pharmaceutical companies. These risks include, amongst 
others,  generation  of  revenues 
in  due  course  from 
the  development  portfolio  and  risks  associated  with 
research,  development,  testing  and  obtaining  related 
regulatory  approvals  of  its  pipeline  products.  Ultimately, 
the  attainment  of  profitable  operations  is  dependent 
on  future  uncertain  events  which  include  obtaining 
adequate financing to fulfill the Group’s commercial and 

development  activities  and  generate  a  level  of  revenue 
adequate to support the Group’s cost structure.

The Group generated a net loss of EUR 30,9 million and 
recorded  EUR  23,8  million  cash  outflow  from  operating 
activities  during  the  year  ended  31  December  2023.  At 
the end of the financial year, it had total negative equity of 
EUR 15,2 million including an accumulated deficit of EUR 
172,2 million. As of that date, the group had cash and cash 
equivalents of EUR 6,9 million.

The  Directors  have  prepared  detailed  financial 
forecasts and cash flows looking beyond 12 months from 
the  date  of  the  approval  of  these  financial  statements. 
In  developing  these  forecasts,  the  Directors  have  made 
assumptions  based  upon  their  view  of  the  current  and 
future  economic  conditions  that  are  expected  to  prevail 
over the forecast period. The Director’s estimate that the 
cash held by the Group, together with known receivables 
will be sufficient to support the current level of activities 
into the second quarter of 2024. The Group also maintains 
include  financial  covenants  
loan  agreements  which 
related  to  minimum  cash  balance  and  thus 
loan  
amounts  (EUR  9,4  million  on  December  31,  2023)  
become  due  if  the  Group  is  not  able  to  maintain  
minimum  cash  balances  or  negotiate  a  waiver  with  the 
lender. The directors are continuing to explore sources of 
finance available to the Group and they believe that they 
have  a  reasonable  expectation  that  they  will  be  able  to 
secure sufficient cash inflows for the Group to continue 
its activities for not less than 12 months from December 
31,  2023;  they  have  therefore  prepared  the  financial 
statements on a going concern basis. 

During  the  financial  period  ended  31,  December 
2023,  the  Group  raised  EUR  25,7  million 
in  three 
successful  fundraising  rounds.  Subsequently,  in  March 
2023,  the  Group  received  EUR  3,2  million  capital  loan 
to  secure 
immediate  short-term  financing  needs  
until  the  end  of  March  2024.  The  Capital  Loan  shall  be 
governed by the provisions of Chapter 12 of the Finnish 
Companies  Act  (624/2006,  as  amended)  (the  “Finnish 
Companies  Act”)  concerning  capital  loans  (in  Finnish: 
pääomalaina). 

The  Loans  shall  be  converted  to  new  shares  in  the 
Company  as  a  part  of  (and  at  the  subscription  price 
of)  the  next  investment  round  where  shares  or  other 
equity  securities  are  issued  by  the  Company  to  existing 
shareholders  and/or  new  third-  party  investors,  with  a 
minimum size of EUR 8,0 million (“Investment Round”). 

17

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

In  the  event  that  the  subscription  price  in  such 
Investment  Round  exceeds  EUR  1.50  per  share,  an 
Investor shall have the right to postpone the conversion 
of the Loan until 10 June 2024 (“Due Date”). In the event 
that  there  is  no  Investment  Round  by  the  Due  Date  (or 
the subscription price of the Investment Round exceeds 
EUR  1.50  per  share  and  the  respective  Investor  has 
decided to postpone the conversion of the Loan) and the 
Loan has not been otherwise repaid prior to the Due Date 
(subject to a subordination agreement to be entered into 
between  the  Investors,  the  Company  and  IPF),  then  the 
Loan  shall  be  at  the  request  of  the  Investor  converted 
into  new  shares  in  the  Company  in  connection  with  the 
Due Date. In such case, the subscription price per share 
shall be EUR 1.50 per share. However, if then the Investor 
elects  not  to  exercise  its  conversion  right  on  the  Due 
Date,  (such  option  being  only  available  if  there  has  not 
been  any  Investment  Round),  the  Due  Date  of  the  Loan 
will  automatically  be  extended  until  31  December  2024 
(“Final Due Date”). On such Final Due Date, the Loan shall 
be either repaid in full in cash, subject to the terms of the 
subordination agreement, or converted into new shares in 
the Company with the subscription price of EUR 1.50 per 
share, subject to a valid share issue authorization being 
in place. 

In  case  the  Loan  is  converted  before  the  Due  Date, 
each  Investor  is  entitled  to  an  arrangement  fee  of  15% 
of  its  respective  Loan  amount.  If  conversion  has  not 
taken  place  prior  to  the  Due  Date,  the  arrangement  fee 
will be 30% of the Investor’s respective Loan amount. No 
interest shall be payable on the Loan if a conversion takes 
place  before  30  May  2024,  and  thereafter  the  interest 
will  be  12%  +  3-months  Euribor  and  paid  subject  to  the 
subordination agreement. 

The Group is actively pursuing the following activities 

during 2024:

 • Securing approximately EUR 5,0 million of short-
term bridge financing to extend the Group’s cash 
runway until longer-term financing can be obtained.

 • Securing longer-term funding of approximately 

EUR 35,0 million in total. The Directors’ intend to 
propose to the Annual General Meeting on 5 April 
2024 an authorization for a larger share issuance 
contemplated to be launched as a public offering 
(with planned allocation preferences to existing 
shareholders and bridge finance lenders, including 
the Investors to enable the conversion of the Capital 

Loan and in compliance with the relevant securities 
markets regulation) as soon as practicable once the 
required preparations and approvals are in place. 
The targeted size of the contemplated share issue is 
planned to be set accordingly, to meet cash runway 
needs for 2024.

 • Evaluating and negotiating several business 

development alternatives that may result in non-
dilutive funding. 

 • Evaluating new sources of financing from third 

parties on acceptable terms. With respect to the 
availability of additional funding from IPF, the 
respective term allowing the Group to draw on 
Tranche B and Tranche C has expired and the 
availability of Funds from IPF would be subject to 
further negotiations. The Group does not anticipate, 
at this time, having the ability to draw on Tranche 
B or Tranche C under favorable terms, in the near 
future.  

 • See Notes 19 and 25 for discussion of post balance 
sheet events including IPF loan covenant breach 
and waiver on 3 March 2024.

Because  the  additional  finance  is  not  committed  at  the 
date  of  issuance  of  these  financial  statements,  these 
circumstances represent a material uncertainty that may 
cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue 
as a going concern. Should the Group be unable to obtain 
further  financing  such  that  the  going  concern  basis  of 
preparation  were  no  longer  appropriate,  adjustments 
would  be  required,  including  to  reduce  balance  sheet 
values of assets to their recoverable amounts. 

HEADCOUNT

Faron’s headcount at the end of year was 34 (2022: 40).

SHARES AND SHARE CAPITAL

During  the  period  January  1  to  December  31,  2023,  the 
Company,  using  the  share  authorities  granted  at  the 
Extraordinary General Meeting held on July 7, 2022, issued 
a  total  of  3,692,308  new  ordinary  shares  at  an  issuance 
price of EUR 3.25 per share to investors. During the same 
period, the Company, using the share authorities granted 
at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  held  on  March  24,  2023, 
issued a total of 2,601,510 shares at an issuance price of 
EUR 2.55 per share to investors. During the same period, 
the  Company,  using  the  share  authorities  granted  at  the 

18

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Annual  General  Meeting  held  on  March  24,  2023,  issued 
a  total  of  2,491,998  new  ordinary  shares  at  an  issuance 
price of EUR 2.85 to investors. The subscription price net 
of costs was credited in full to the Company’s reserve for 
invested unrestricted equity, and the share capital of the 
Company was not increased. The Company has no shares 
in treasury; therefore at the end of 2023 the total number 
of voting rights was 68,786,699. 

James O’Brien
Chief Financial Officer
March 13, 2024

19

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Risks and 
Uncertainties

Faron is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company and, similar to other companies operating in this field, is 
subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. The principal risks and uncertainties identified by Faron for the 
year ended December 31, 2023 are below.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURING

Faron’s  main  products  are 
in  clinical  development 
however, they may not be successful in clinical trials and 
the  Company  may  not  be  able  to  develop  approved  or 
marketable  products.  Technical  risk  is  also  present  at 
each  stage  of  the  discovery  and  development  process 
of  other,  earlier  stage  products  with  challenges  in 
biology  (including  the  ability  to  produce  candidate 
drugs  with  appropriate  safety,  efficacy  and  usability 
characteristics).  Conversion  of  cutting-edge  scientific 
research into clinical development programmes of novel 
compounds  and  drugs  where  there  is  a  limited  amount 
of  guidance,  and  no  previous  examples  involves  a  high 
degree  of  uncertainty.  This  uncertainty,  combined  with 
Faron’s  lean  organisation,  could  result  in  situations 
where  the  Company  needs  to  make  rapid  alterations 
to  its  development  projects  without  full  visibility  of  all 
of  the  downstream  consequences.  Additionally,  drug 
development  is  a  highly  regulated  environment  which 
presents  technical  risk  through  the  need  for  study 
designs and data to be accepted by regulatory agencies. 
As  part  of  the  development  risk,  the  manufacturing  of  
the  Company’s 
intended  products  could  become 
impossible  or  products  would  be  supplied  in  lower 
quantities than needed. 

The  biotechnology  and  pharmaceutical  industries  in 
which  Faron  operates  are  very  competitive.  Faron  is  a 
clinical  stage  biopharmaceutical  company  and,  similar 
to  other  companies  operating  in  this  field,  is  subject 
to  a  number  of  risks  and  uncertainties.  Competitors 
include  major  multinational  pharmaceutical  companies, 
biotechnology  companies  and  research 
institutions. 
Many  of  these  companies  have  substantially  greater 
financial,  technical,  and  operational  resources,  such  as 
larger  research  and  development  resources  and  staff. 
It may have a material adverse impact on the Company 
if  its  competitors  succeed  in  developing,  acquiring,  or 
licensing drug product candidates that are more effective 
or less costly than any of the product candidates which 
the  Company  is  currently  developing  or  which  it  may 
develop.  Furthermore,  there  can  be  no  guarantee  that 
the Company will be able, or that it will be commercially 
advantageous for the Company, to monetise the value of 
its intellectual property through entering into licensing or 
other cooperation deals with pharmaceutical companies. 
There can be no assurance that the Company’s proposed 
products  will  be  capable  of  being  manufactured  in 
sufficient  quantities  and  standards  for  clinical  trials  or 
in  commercial  quantities,  in  compliance  with  regulatory 
requirements  and  at  an  acceptable  cost  or  within  an 
acceptable timeframe.

20

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL AND 
SCIENTIFIC AND CLINICAL COLLABORATORS

The  Company’s  success  is  highly  dependent  on  the 
expertise  and  experience  of  the  Directors  and  key 
management.  Whilst  the  Company  has  entered  into 
employment  and  other  agreements  with  each  of  these 
key personnel, the retention of such personnel cannot be 
guaranteed.  Should  key  personnel  leave  or  no  longer  be 
party to agreements or collaborations with the Company, 
the  Company’s  business  prospects,  financial  conditions 
and/or results of operations may be materially adversely 
affected.  To  develop  new  products  and  commercialise 
its  current  pipeline,  the  Company  relies,  in  part,  on 
the  recruitment  of  appropriately  qualified  personnel, 
including  personnel  with  a  high  level  of  scientific  and 
technical expertise. There is currently a shortage of such 
personnel  in  the  pharmaceutical  industry,  meaning  that 
the  Company  is  likely  to  face  significant  competition 
in  recruitment.  The  Company  may  be  unable  to  find 
a  sufficient  number  of  appropriately  highly  trained 
individuals to satisfy its growth rate, which could affect its 
ability to develop as planned. Furthermore, the Company’s 
development  and  prospects  depend  to  a  significant 
degree  on  the  experience,  performance  and  continued 
service  of  its  senior  management  team  including  the 
Directors. The Company has invested in its management 
team and has entered into contractual arrangements with 
these individuals with the aim of securing their services. 
Retention of these services or the identification of suitable 

replacements, however, cannot be guaranteed. The loss of 
the services of any of the Directors or other members of 
the senior management team and the costs of recruiting 
replacements may have a material adverse effect on the 
Company and its commercial and financial performance 
and reduce the value of an investment in the shares of the 
Company. The Company’s financial situation may require 
savings measures that result in reduction of staff.  

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

The Company operates in a highly regulated environment. 
Whilst  the  Company  will  take  every  effort  to  ensure  that 
the Company and its partners comply with all applicable 
regulations  and  reporting  requirements,  there  can  be 
no  guarantee  of  this.  Failure  to  comply  with  applicable 
regulations  could result  in  the  Company  being  unable to 
successfully  commercialise  its  products  and/or  result 
in  legal  action  being  taken  against  the  Company,  which 
could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The 
Company will need to obtain various regulatory approvals 
(including  from  the  FDA  and  the  EMA)  and  comply  with 
extensive  regulations  regarding  safety,  quality  and 
efficacy standards in order to market its products. While 
efforts have been and will be made to ensure compliance 
with  governmental  standards  and  regulations,  there  is 
no guarantee that any product will be able to achieve the 

21

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

necessary  regulatory  approvals  to  promote  that  product 
in  any  of  the  targeted  markets  and  any  such  regulatory 
approval  may  include  significant  restrictions  for  which 
the  Company’s  products  can  be  used.  In  addition,  the 
Company  may  be  required  to  incur  significant  costs  in 
obtaining or maintaining its regulatory approvals. Delays 
or  failure  in  obtaining  regulatory  approval  for  products 
would  likely  have  a  serious  adverse  effect  on  the  value 
of  the  Company  and  have  a  consequent  impact  on  its 
financial performance.  

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PROPRIETARY 
TECHNOLOGY

The  Company  relies  and  will  rely  on  intellectual  property 
laws and third-party non-disclosure agreements to protect 
its  patents  and  other  proprietary  rights.  The  Intellectual 
Property Rights (IPRs) on which the Company’s business 
is based is a combination of patents, patent applications, 
confidential  business  knowhow  and 
trade  secrets, 
and  trademarks.  No  assurance  can  be  given  that  any 
currently  pending  patent  applications  or  any  future 
patent applications will result in patents being granted. In 
addition, there can be no guarantee that the patents will 
be granted on a timely basis, that the scope of any patent 
protection will exclude competitors or provide competitive 
advantages  to  the  Company,  that  any  of  the  Company’s 
patents will be held valid if challenged, or that third parties 
will  not  claim  rights  in,  or  ownership  of,  the  patents  and 
other proprietary rights held by the Company. 

Despite  precautions  taken  by  the  Company  to  protect 
its  products,  unauthorised  third  parties  may  attempt  to 
copy,  or  obtain  and  use,  the  Company’s  IPR  and  other 
technology  that  is  incorporated  into  its  pharmaceutical 
products.  In  addition,  alternative  technological  solutions 
similar to the Company’s products may become available 
to competitors or prospective competitors of the Company. 
It  should  be  noted  that  once  granted,  a  patent  could  be 
challenged  both  in  the  relevant  patent  office  and  in  the 
courts by third parties. Third parties can bring material and 
arguments which the patent office granting the patent may 
not have seen at the time of granting the patent. Therefore, 
whilst  a  patent  may  be  granted  to  the  Company,  it  could 
in  the  future  be  found  by  a  court  of  law  or  by  the  patent 
office  to  be  invalid  or  unenforceable  or  in  need  of  further 
restriction.  Should  the  Company  be  required  to  assert  its 
IPR,  including  any  patents,  against  third  parties  it  is  likely 
to use a significant amount of the Company’s resources as 
patent  litigation  can  be  both  costly  and  time  consuming. 

No  assurance  can  be  given  that  the  Company  will  be  in 
a  position  to  devote  sufficient  resources  to  pursue  such 
litigation. Any unfavourable outcomes in respect of patent 
litigation  could  limit  the  Company’s  IPR  and  activities 
moving forward.

The Directors do not believe that the Company’s lead 
pharmaceutical drug candidates, future drug candidates 
in development, and proprietary processes for generating 
those candidate compounds infringe the IPR of any third 
parties. However, it is impossible to be aware of all third 
party 
intellectual  property.  The  Company’s  research 
has  included  searching  and  reviewing  certain  publicly 
available resources, which are examined by senior levels 
of management to keep abreast of developments in the 
field.

FINANCIAL

The  Company  has  incurred  significant  losses  since  its 
inception  and  does  not  have  any  approved  or  revenue 
generating  products.  The  Company  expects  to  incur 
losses for the foreseeable future, and there is no certainty 
that  the  business  will  generate  a  profit.  The  Company 
is  highly  dependent  on  equity,  public  grants  and  loan 
financing.  The  Company  may  not  be  able  to  raise 
additional funds that will be needed to support its product 
development  programmes  or  commercialisation  efforts, 
and  any  additional  funds  that  are  raised  could  cause 
dilution  to  existing  investors.  The  Company  operates 
internationally, and it is thus exposed in various currencies 
and  fluctuation  in  their  relative  values.  Even  though  the 
Company  seeks  to  hedge  currency  positions  there  is  no 
guarantee  that  it  will  be  successful.  The  Company  has 
a loan from IPF Fund II SCA, SICAV-FIAR in the principal 
amount of EUR 9.38 million. The said loan contains many 
financial covenants, and it is not certain that the company 
can comply with the said financial covenants at all times 
(see Note 25.). Certain covenants are in the control of the 
Company  (e.g.  the  Minimum  Cash  Covenant)  whereas 
certain  are  dependent  on  external  events  (e.g.  Gearing 
covenant  which  is  calculated  using  the  Company  stock 
price).  Furthermore,  the  Company  may  not  be  able  to 
repay the loan, as agreed with the lender. The Company’s 
IPR, business mortgages and bank accounts are pledged 
to the lender, giving the lender operational control of the 
Company  in  an  Event  of  Default,  if  the  Company  is  in 
breach of its obligations towards the lender. 

22

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

OTHER RISKS RELATED TO OPERATIONS

Operating  with  multiple  vendors  and  other  external 
suppliers means that the Company regularly delivers and 
receives information and data through multiple channels. 
Some of these are trade secrets or of confidential nature. 
Even  though  the  Company  uses  all  reasonably  available 
means  to  secure  the  data  and  the  channels  used,  there 
is  no  certainty  that  full  data  security  can  be  obtained. 
As  was  seen  with  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  unexpected 
external  reasons  may  have  significant  inpact  on  the 
market  we  are  operating  and  indirectly  affect  or  even 
directly  affect  also  our  operations,  including  our  ability 
to  conduct  clinical  trials.  Additionally,  military  conflicts 
like  the  one  currently  taking  place  in  Ukraine,  have  the 
potential to disrupt operations and negatively impact the 
debt and equity markets. The Company is publicly listed 
and as such subject to various securities laws in multiple 
jurisdictions.  The  Company  uses  significant  amount  of 
both internal and external resources to secure that all its 
operations and external communication are conducted in 
accordance  with  these  regulations.  Whilst  the  Company 
will take every effort to ensure that the Company and its 
partners  comply  with  all  applicable  securities  laws  and 
requirements, there can be no guarantee of this. 

This report was approved by the Board on 13 Match, 2024.

23

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Corporate 
Governance

CHAIRMAN’S INTRODUCTION TO GOVERNANCE

The  Board  of  the  Company  emphasises  the  importance 
of  good  corporate  governance  and  is  aware  of  its 
responsibility  for  overall  corporate  governance  and  for 
supervising the general affairs and business of Faron.

As  Chairman  of  the  Board,  I  oversee  the  adoption, 
delivery  and  communication  of  Faron’s  corporate 
governance  model.  In  this  role,  I  endeavour  to  foster  a 
positive  governance  culture  throughout  Faron,  seeing 
that ultimate responsibility for the quality of, and Faron’s 
approach to, corporate governance lies with me.

Faron is not required to comply with the UK Corporate 
Governance Code by virtue of being an AIM and Nasdaq 
First  North  Growth  Market  quoted  company.  The 
Board  does,  however,  seek  to  apply  the  QCA  Corporate 
Governance Code (as devised by the Quoted Companies 
Alliance  in  consultation  with  a  number  of  significant 
institutional small company investors) in its updated form. 
After the year end 2020 and the UK leaving the European 
Union,  Faron  has  to  follow  applicable  domestic  laws  of 
the  UK  in  addition  to  Finnish  national  and  European 
Union’s legislation. 

No  significant  changes  in  governance  arrangements 

occurred during the year.

As described below, the Board continues to promote 
a  healthy  corporate  culture  that  is  based  on  ethical 
values and behaviours consistent with Faron’s objectives, 
strategy  and  business  model  described  on  Faron’s 
website  and  with  the  description  of  principal  risks  and 
uncertainties set out in this document. As good corporate 
governance  is  fundamentally  about  culture,  rather  than 
procedure,  Faron’s  corporate  culture  is  monitored  on  a 
regular  basis,  and  appropriate  action  is  taken  if,  and  to 
the extent, deemed necessary.

24

Dr Frank Armstrong
Non-Executive Chairman
 13 March 2024

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Compliance

COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF THE QCA CODE

The Principles of the QCA Code 

  Comply/Explain 

Disclosure in the 2023 Report

1. Establish a strategy and business  
model which promote long-term

2. Seek to understand and meet  
shareholder needs and expectations

3. Take into account wider stakeholder  
and social responsibilities and their  
implications for long-term success

4. Embed effective risk management,  
considering both opportunities and threats,
throughout the organisation

5. Maintain the board as a well-functioning,  
balanced team led by the chair

6. Ensure that between them the directors  
have the necessary up-to-date experience,
skills and capabilities

7. Evaluate board performance based on  
clear and relevant objectives, seeking
continuous improvement

8. Promote a corporate culture that is  
based on ethical values and behaviours

9. Maintain governance structures and  
processes that are fit for purpose and
support good decision-making by the board

10. Communicate how the company is governed 
and is performing by maintaining a dialogue with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Comply

Pages 4, to 7 and 12 to 19

Pages 38 to 41

Pages 38  to 41

Pages 20 to 23

Pages 26 to 30 and 42 to 43

Pages 26 to 30

Page 31 

Page 24

Pages 24 and 26

Pages 24 to 43

25

 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Board of
Directors

On 23 March 2023, the Company held its Annual General 
Meeting (AGM). At the AGM the number of Directors was 
confirmed  as  seven.  Frank  Armstrong,  Markku  Jalkanen, 
Leopoldo Zambeletti, John Poulos, Anne Whitaker and Erik 
Ostrowski  were  re-elected  to  the  Board  and  Tuomo  Pätsi 
was  elected  as  a  new  member  to  the  Board  for  a  term 
that  ends  at  the  end  of  the  next  AGM  whereas  longterm  
member of the Board Gregory Brown stepped down from 
his  position.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  held  following 
the  AGM,  Frank  Armstrong  was  re-elected  Chairman  of 
the  Board.  On  22  September  2023  the  Company  held  an 
Extraordinary  General  Meeting  and  decided  to  elect  two 
new  members  to  the  Board,  Marie-Louise  Fjällskog  and 
Christine Roth. They replaced two Board members who had 
resigned  form  their  positions:  On  1  June  2023  Leopoldo 
Zambeletti  resigned  from  his  position  as  he  started  as 
a  strategic  advisor  for  the  Company  and  Anne  Whitaker 
resigned on 22 September 2023 due to personal reason.   

At  the  end  of  year  2023  the  Board  comprised  of  six 
non-executive  directors  and  one  executive  director.  Brief 
biographical details for the Directors can be found on the 
following pages. During 2023, the Board held 21 meetings. 
The  Board  is  responsible  to  the  shareholders  for  the 
proper management of the Company and meets regularly 
to  set  the  overall  direction  and  strategy  of  Faron,  to 
review  scientific,  operational  and  financial  performance, 
to review the strategy and activities of the business, and 
to  advise  on  management  appointments.  The  Board 
sees to the administration of Faron and the organisation 
of  its  operations,  being  responsible  for  the  appropriate 
arrangement  of  the  control  of  Faron’s    accounts  and 
finances. 

All key operational and investment decisions are subject 
to full Board  approval. The management of the Company 
prepares  a  monthly  management  and  financial  accounts 
pack of the Group, which is distributed to the Board every 

26

month  and  in  advance  of  Board  meetings.  In  individual 
cases the Board may decide in a matter falling within the 
general competence of the Chief Executive Officer.  

The roles of Chief Executive Officer and Non-Executive 
Chairman  are  well  defined  and  clearly  separated.  The 
Chairman  oversees  the  Board’s  work,  ensures  that  the 
Board’s  decision-making  is  balanced  and  that  the  Non-
Executive  Directors  have  all  relevant  information  on 
matters  to  be  decided.  The  Chairman  sees  to  it  that  the 
Board meets when necessary.

is 

responsible 

The  Board  considers 

The  Chief  Executive  Officer 

for 
implementing  the  strategy  of  the  Board  and  managing 
Faron’s day-to-day business activities. The Chief Executive 
Officer, reviewing the operating results regularly to make 
decisions about the allocation of resources and to assess 
overall performance, is the chief operating decision-maker.
to  be  sufficient 
independence of the Board and that all the Non-Executive 
Directors  are  of  sufficient  competence  and  calibre  to 
add  strength  and  objectivity  to  the  Board,  and  to  bring 
considerable  experience  in  terms  of  their  knowledge 
of  the  scientific,  operational  and  financial  development 
of  biopharmaceutical  products  and  companies.  Where 
necessary,  the  Company  facilitates  that  Non-Executive 
Directors  obtain  specialist  external  advice 
from 
appropriate advisers.

there 

The term of office of each Director expires on the closing 
of the AGM immediately following their appointment to the 
Board. Under the Finnish Limited Liability Companies Act 
and the Company’s Articles of Association, the Directors 
are  elected  by  the  shareholders  at  general  meetings 
annually. Under the Act, Directors may be removed from 
office at any time, with or without cause, by a majority of 
votes cast at a general meeting. Vacancies on the Board 
may only be filled by a majority of shareholder votes cast 
at a general meeting.   

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Dr Frank Armstrong
Non-Executive Chairman
b. 1957

Dr Markku Jalkanen
Chief Executive Officer
b. 1954

Dr.  Armstrong  is  the  Non-Executive  Chairman  of  Faron 
Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.  and  has  served  in  this  role  since 
joining  the  board  in  September  2015.  He  has  built  a 
distinguished  career  as  a  visionary  leader,  scientist,  and 
life sciences executive.

Dr.  Armstrong  has  held  Chief  Executive  roles  with 
five  biotechnology  companies,  both  public  and  private, 
including  Fulcrum  Pharma  plc  and  CuraGen,  which  was 
acquired  by  Celldex  Therapeutics  Inc,  Bioaccelerate, 
Provensis  and  Phoqus.  He  also  led  Medical  Science 
and  Innovation  at  Merck  Serono,  the  biopharmaceutical 
division of Merck KGaA and was previously Executive Vice 
President  of  Product  Development  at  Bayer  and  Senior 
Vice President of Medical Research and Communications 
at Zeneca.

Dr.  Armstrong  is  currently  the  Chairman  of  Newcells 
Biotech, BioCaptiva and Bloomsbury Genetic Therapies, a 
Non-Executive  Director  of  ECO  Animal  Health  Group  plc 
and a member of the Senior Advisory Board at Healthcare 
Royalty  Partners  as  well  a  Convenor  of  the  Estates 
Committee at the university of Edingburgh.

Dr.  Armstrong 

received  an  honours  degree 

in 
biochemistry  and  an  MBChB,  Bachelor  of  Medicine, 
Bachelor  of  Surgery  from  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland. He is a physician, a Fellow of the Royal College 
of Physicians of Edinburgh and Non-Executive Director of 
the University of Edinburgh’s governing body, theUniversity 
Court.

Holdings in the Company: 71,062 shares and 340,000 
stock options, entitling to same amount of shares in the 
Company.

Dr.  Jalkanen  is  the  Chief  Executive  Officer  of  Faron 
Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.  and  was  a  founding  member  of 
the  Company.  He  has  more  than  40  years  of  experience 
within biomedical research, biotech development and the 
biopharmaceutical  industry  and  has  published  over  130 
peer  reviewed  scientific  publications  in  various  highly 
ranked international journals.

Between 1996 and 2002, Dr. Jalkanen was the founding 
CEO  and  President  of  BioTie  Therapies  Corp,  which 
became the first publicly traded Finnish biotech company 
to  be  listed  on  NASDAQ.  BioTie  was  sold  to  Acorda 
Therapeutics  in  January  2016  for  $363  million.  Over  his 
career, Dr. Jalkanen has held several board memberships 
for  both  public  and  private  companies  including  Inveni 
Capital  Management,  Meddia  Ltd  and  Priaxon  AG.  He  is 
also  an  advisor  for  the  only  active  Finnish  life  sciences 
fund – Inveni Capital.

Dr. Jalkanen obtained a Masters in Medical Biochemistry 
from the University of Kuopio and subsequently received a 
PhD in Medical Biochemistry from the University of Turku. 
He  completed  a  side-laudatur  examination  in  Molecular 
Biology  from  the  University  of  Turku  and  completed  his 
post-doctoral  training  at  Stanford  University,  California 
between 1983 and 1986. Dr. Jalkanen obtained the position 
of docent in Biochemistry from University of Helsinki and 
the same qualification in Molecular and Cell Biology from 
the  University  of  Turku.  He  became  a  Professor  at  the 
University of Turku in 1992.

Holdings  in  the  Company:  3,313,434  shares  (directly 
and with his spouse) and 540,000 stock options, entitling 
to same amount of shares in the Company.

27

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

John Poulos
Non-Executive Director
b. 1954

Erik Ostrowski
Non-Executive Director
b. 1972

Mr.  Poulos 
is  a  Non-Executive  Director  of  Faron 
Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.,  a  role  he  has  served  since  joining 
the  board  in  May  2017.  He  has  extensive  experience  in 
the global pharmaceutical industry having spent nearly 40 
years at AbbVie and Abbott.

 Mr. Poulos served as Vice President, Head of Business 
Development  and  Acquisitions  for  AbbVie  from  2013 
until  2016.  He  was  also  Group  Vice  President,  Head  of 
Pharmaceutical  Licensing  and  Acquisitions  for  Abbott 
from 2005 until 2012. During his career with AbbVie and 
Abbott,  Mr.  Poulos  was  instrumental  in  the  negotiation 
of  numerous  acquisitions,  including  Knoll/BASF  Pharma 
(Humira) in 2001 for $6.9 billion, Kos Pharmaceuticals in 
2006  for  $3.7  billion,  Solvay  in  2010  for  $6.2  billion  and 
Pharmacyclics (Imbruvica) in 2015 for $21 billion.

  Mr.  Poulos  is  currently  President  GNK  Advisors  Inc., 
a  Pharmaceutical  Business  Development  firm,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Memgen,  Inc.  Mr.  Poulos  also 
serves as a advisor at Nucleome Therapetics.

Mr.  Poulos  holds  a  B.S.  in  Marketing  and  M.B.A  in 

Finance from Indiana University.

Holdings in the Company: 10,000 shares and 160,000 
stock options, entitling to same amount of shares in the 
Company.

Mr.  Ostrowski  is  a  Non-Executive  Director  of  Faron 
Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a role he has served since joining the 
board in April 2022. He is a veteran biotech and financial 
executive  with  significant  fundraising  and  investment 
banking experience.

Mr. Ostrowski is currently the Interim Chief Excecutive 
Officer  and  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Treasurer  of 
AVROBIO  (Nasdaq:  AVRO).  Prior  to  joining  AVROBIO,  he 
served  as  CFO  of  Summit  Therapeutics  plc.  (Nasdaq: 
SMMT)  and  vice  president  of  finance  at  Organogenesis 
Inc. (Nasdaq: ORGO). He previously worked in investment 
banking, most recently as a director with Leerink Partners 
LLC. He begun his career as an accountant with Coopers 
& Lybrand (now PricewaterhouseCoopers).

Mr.  Ostrowski  received  a  BS  in  accounting  and 
economics  from  Babson  College  and  an  MBA  from  the 
University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

Holdings  in  the  Company:  2,009  shares  and  60,000 
stock options, entitling to same amount of shares in the 
Company.

28

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Marie-Louise Fjällskog
Non-Ececutive Director
b. 1964

Tuomo Pätsi
Non-Executive Director
b. 1964

in 

industry,  particularly 

Dr.  Marie-Louise  Fjällskog  (b.  1964)  is  a  Non-Executive 
Director of Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd., joining the Board 
in  September  2023.  She  is  an  experienced  life  sciences 
leader  who  has  held  senior  leadership  positions  at  large 
pharmaceutical, biotech and specialty pharma companies.
Dr.  Marie-Louise  Fjällskog  is  a  professional  with 
extensive  experience 
the  pharmaceutical  and 
in  the  field 
biopharmaceutical 
of  clinical  oncology,  translational  research,  and  drug 
development. She holds an MD degree and a Ph.D. from 
Uppsala University, Sweden, and is an Associate Professor 
of  Oncology  at  the  same  institution.  With  over  25  years 
of  clinical  experience,  Dr.  Fjällskog  has  made  significant 
contributions to the development of targeted therapies for 
cancer. She has held key roles in various pharmaceutical 
companies,  such  as  Sensei  Biotherapeutics,  Merus, 
and  Infinity  Pharmaceuticals,  where  she  led  clinical 
development  programs  and  played  instrumental  roles 
in  their  success,  including  Sensei’s  $152  million  IPO  in 
2021.  Her  extensive  expertise  and  leadership  have  also 
earned her a position on the board of Biovica International 
AB,  a  prominent  biotech  company  in  Sweden  and  in  the 
US,  respectively.  She  is  also  on  the  board  of  Norwegian 
company Lytix Biopharma.

In January 2022, Dr. Fjällskog assumed the role of Chief 
Medical Officer at Faron where she leads Faron’s clinical 
development  programs,  particularly  the  bexmarilimab 
program.  Dr.  Fjällskog  stepped  down  from  the  CMO  role 
on September 21, 2023.

Holdings  in  the  company:  No  shares  and  180,000 
stock options, entitling her to the same amount of shares 
in the company.

Mr. Tuomo Pätsi (b. 1964) is a Non-Executive Director of 
Faron  Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.,  a  role  he  has  served  since 
joining the Board in March 2023.

Mr. Tuomo Pätsi was the President of the EMEA region 
and Worldwide Markets for Celgene Corporation, a global 
pharmaceutical  company  and  currently  wholly  owned 
subsidiary  of  Bristol  Myers  Squibb,  engaged  primarily  in 
the  discovery,  development  and  commercialization  of 
therapies for the treatment of cancer. He is an experienced 
biotech  and  pharmaceutical  executive  who  was  until 
recently  the  Executive  Vice  President  for  Seagen  Inc.,  a 
US-based cancer-focused biotechnology company.

Mr.  Pätsi  has  over  30  years’  experience  working  in 
biotech  and  pharmaceuticals,  with  more  than  10  years 
working  at  Celgene  in  various  senior  management roles, 
including  as  President  of  European  and  International 
Operations  and  President  of  the  EMEA  region  and 
Worldwide Markets. Prior to this, he served as Vice President 
of Europe for Human Genome Science, a specialty pharma 
organization in Europe. Earlier in his career, he held roles 
of increasing responsibility in pharmaceutical companies, 
including  more  than  ten  years  at  Amgen  Inc.  Mr.  Pätsi 
began  his  career  as  a  Biomedical  Research  Scientist  in 
Finland. He is a registered pharmacist and holds an MSc 
in  pharmacology  from  the  School  of  Pharmacy,  Helsinki 
University.

Holdings  in  the  company:  11,765  shares  and  30,000 
stock options, entitling him to the same amount of shares 
in the company.

29

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Christine Roth
Non-Executive Director
b. 1963

Ms.  Christine  Roth  (b.  1963)  is  a  Non-Executive  Director 
of  Faron  Pharmaceuticals  Ltd.,  joining  the  Board  in 
September  2023.  She  is  an  experienced  life  sciences 
leader  who  has  held  senior  leadership  positions  at  large 
pharmaceutical companies.

Ms. Christine Roth is a pharmaceutical executive with 
over  three  decades  of  experience  in  the  industry.  She 
has  played  key  roles  in  the  development  and  launch  of 
several  therapies,  including  the  first  immune-oncology 
therapy  and 
intentionally  designed  targeted  therapy 
combinations.  Her  career  includes  leadership  positions 
at  major  pharmaceutical  companies,  such  as  Novartis, 
Bristol-Myers  Squibb,  GlaxoSmithKline  (GSK),  and  most 
recently,  Bayer  AG,  where  she  serves  as  the  Executive 
Vice  President  of  the  Oncology  Strategic  Business  Unit 
focussing on precision molecular oncology, next-generation 
immuno-oncology medicines, and radioligand therapies. At 
GSK,  she  was  responsible  for  the  rebuild  of  the  oncology 
business, including the integration of assets following the 
acquisition of Tesaro. Ms. Roth’s expertise extends across 
various therapy areas, including Oncology, Cardiovascular, 
Metabolic, and Infectious Diseases. She is actively involved 
in industry associations, such as the American Society of 
Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. 
She  holds  a  Bachelor’s  degree  in  Chemistry  from  the 
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Holdings in the company: No shares and 30,000 stock 
options, entitling her to the same amount of shares in the 
company.

30

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

BOARD COMMITTEES

NOMINATION COMMITTEE

As  of  22  September  2023  the  nomination  committee 
comprises  Frank  Armstrong  as  Chair  together  with  Erik 
Ostrowski  and  Tuomo  Pätsi.  The  nomination  committee 
has  the  task,  in  co-operation  with  the  Board,  of  advising 
on and making recommendations to the Board on issues 
relating to the composition and nomination of the Board. 
During  2023,  the  nomination  committee  held  three 
meetings.

The  nomination  committee  considers  succession 
planning for Directors and other senior executives in the 
course  of  its  work,  bearing  in  mind  the  challenges  and 
opportunities  facing  the  Company  and  the  skills  and 
expertise  needed  on  the  Board  in  the  future,  and  makes 
recommendations  to  the  Board  concerning  formulating 
plans for succession for both Executive and Non-Executive 
Directors  and  in  particular  for  the  key  roles  of  Chairman 
and Chief Executive Officer.

In  conjunction  with  being  admitted  to  trading  on  AIM, 
the  Company  has  established  audit,  nomination  and 
remuneration  committees  of  the  Board  with  formally 
delegated duties and responsibilities.

legal  status  or 

Under  the  Finnish  Limited  Liability  Companies  Act, 
Board  committees  do  not,  generally  speaking,  have  a 
formal 
independent  decision-making 
powers;  rather,  their  role  is  to  provide  support  in  the 
preparation of the decision-making. The responsibility for 
the  decisions  remains  with  the  Board  even  if  the  matter 
has been delegated to a committee.

Members of the Board committees were first elected 
at the Board meeting held following the AGM on 24 March 
2023.

During 2023 the Board made the decision to establish  
a new Business Development Committee. The Committee  
did not convene during 2023. John Poulos acts as a Chair 
for this new committee. 

REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

The remuneration committee has the task of advising on 
and making recommendations to the Board in relation to 
the remuneration paid to the Directors and supervising the 
development of any other remuneration or reward systems 
of  Faron.  Starting  24  March  2023,  the  remuneration 
committee comprised of Anne Whitaker as Chair together 
with  Frank  Armstrong,  John  Poulos  and  Leopoldo 
Zambeletti. As of 22 September 2023  the Remuneration 
Committee  comprises  of  John  Poulos  as  Chair  together 
with  Christine  Roth  and  Frank  Armstrong.  During  2023, 
the remuneration committee held three meetings.

AUDIT COMMITTEE

In  the  beginnign  of  year  2023  the  Audit  Committee 
comprised  Leopoldo  Zambeletti,  Greg  Brown  and  Erik 
Ostrowski. As of 22 September 2023 the Committee has  
comprised  Erik  Ostrowski  as  Chair  together  and  Frank 
Armstrong, Marie-Louise Fjällskog (starting 22  September 
2023)  and  Tuomo  Pätsi  (starting  8  June  23).  The  Audit 
Committee  meets  not  less  than  twice  a  year.  The  audit 
committee  has  the  task  of  supervising  and  developing 
the  internal  audit  of  the  Group  and  advising  and  making 
recommendations to the Board on related issues. During 
2023, the audit committee held two meetings. 

31

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Attendance at Board Meetings

During 2023 the Board held 21 meetings. The table below lists the Directors’ attendance at the Board and 
Committee meetings during the year:

The Directors’ attendance during the year ended 31 December 2023

Board

Audit 
Committee

Remuneration 
Committee

Nomination 
Committee

Executive Directors

Jalkanen Markku

Non-Executive Directors

Armstrong Frank

Ostrowski Erik

Brown Gregory*

Zambeletti Leopoldo***

Poulos John

Whitaker Anne****

Pätsi Tuomo**

Fjällskog Marie-Louise*****

Roth Christine*****

(*) Board member until March 2023 
(**) Board member starting March 2023
(***) Board member until June 2023
(****) Board member until September 2023
(*****) Board member starting September 2023

21

16

19

4

7

20

11

15

5

6  

1

2

1

1

1

3

2

3

3

3

1

2

32

 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Remuneration 
Report 

Remuneration Policy for Directors

The Remuneration Committee sets the remuneration policy that aims to align Director remuneration with 
shareholders’ interests and attract and retain the best talent for the benefit of Faron. No Director is involved 
in discussions relating to their own remuneration. This report sets out Faron’s remuneration policy for the 
Executive and Non-Executive Directors. The remuneration of the Directors during the year ended 31 December 
2023 is set out below:

BASIC SALARY

Executive Directors’ basic salaries are reviewed annually. 
The  review  process  is  managed  by  the  Remuneration 
Committee  with  reference  to  market  salary  data,  the 
Executive  Director’s  performance  and  contribution  to 
Faron during the year.

BONUSES

Executive  Directors’  annual  bonuses  are  based  on  the 
achievement  of  Faron’s  strategic  and  financial  targets 
and personal performance objectives. The Non-Executive 
Directors  believe  that  bonuses  are  an 
incentive  to 
achieve  the  targets  and  objectives  and  represent  an 
important  element  of  the  total  compensation  of  the  Exe- 
cutive  Directors;  they  have  established  that  the  annual 
bonus potential will be up to 50% for the Executive Directors.

LONGER TERM INCENTIVES

In order to further incentivise the Executive Directors and 
employees,  and  align  their  interests  with  shareholders, 
the  Extraordinary  General  Meeting  of  the  Company  on 
15  September  2015  approved  a  share  option  plan  and 

granted  share  options  to  the  members  of  the  Board 
under this option plan. At the AGM held on 28 May 2019, 
the  Company  authorised  the  Board  to  implement  a  new 
share option plan for the employees and Directors of, and 
persons providing services to, the Group. Rules of that new 
option plan were approved by the Board on 20 November 
2019.  The  most  recent  versions  of  the  amendment 
Option plans 2015 and 2019 were resolved by the general 
meetings during 2023. Details of these option plans are on 
pages 35 to 39.

PENSION

Faron has a law-defined contribution plans under which it 
pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The plans 
cover all the employees of Faron including the Executive 
Directors.  Faron  has  no  legal  or  constructive  obligations 
to  pay  further  contributions  if  the  fund  does  not  hold 
sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating 
to employee service in the current and prior periods.

33

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

OTHER BENEFITS

The Chief Executive Officer and some employees have the 
possibility to take a company car allowance, which is part 
of  their  gross  salary.  All  employees  including  Executive 
Directors have a company mobile phone that constitutes 
a company mobile phone allowance.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS’ SERVICE CONTRACTS 
AND TERMINATION PROVISIONS

The service contracts of Executive Directors are approved 
by the Board and are concluded for an indefinite term.

The details of the Executive Directors’ contracts are 
summarised below:

Date of contract    Notice period

Jalkanen Markku, CEO

16.9.2015

6 months

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS’ SERVICE 
CONTRACTS AND REMUNERATION

The  remuneration  and  compensation  payable  to  the 
members  of  the  Board 
including  the  Non-Executive 
Directors is approved by the shareholders at the AGM. Any 
Non-Executive  Director  who,  by  request,  goes  or  resides 
abroad for any purposes of Faron or who performs services 
which in the opinion of the Board go beyond the ordinary 
duties  of  a  Director  may  be  paid  extra  remuneration  or 
may  receive  such  other  benefits  as  the  Remuneration 
Committee  may  approve.  Non-Executive  Directors  are 
entitled  to  be  reimbursed  in  respect  of  their  reasonably 
and  properly  incurred  travelling,  accommodation  and 
incidental  expenses  for  attending  and  returning  from 
meetings of the Board, Committee meetings or the general 
meetings of shareholders.

With the exception of share  options disclosed below, 
the  Non-Executive  Directors  do  not  receive  any  pension, 
bonus  or  benefit  from  the  Company.  The  contracts  of 
the Non-Executive Directors, excluding remuneration and 
compensation, are reviewed by the Board annually.

34

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Current contracts are summarised below:

Non-Executive Directors

Independence

Contract

Date of Contract

Armstrong Frank

Ostrowski Erik

Poulos John

Pätsi Tuomo

Roth Christine

Fjällskog Marie-Louise

Independent

Independent

Independent

Independent

Independent

Independent

Chairman

Member

Member

Member

Member

Member

16.09.2015

22.04.2022

16.05.2017

27.03.2023

25.09.2023

25.09.2023

The  appointments  of  Non-Executive  Directors  are 
terminable  with  immediate  effect,  in  accordance  with 
the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and  pursuant  to 
the  Finnish  Limited  Liability  Companies  Act,  through 
a  resolution  of  shareholders  at  a  general  meeting  on 
any  grounds.  The  Non-Executive  Directors  may  resign 
as  a  director  by  delivering  three  months’  notice  to  the 
registered  office  of  the  Company  or  through  tendering 
such resignation at a meeting of the Board.

The Directors received the following remuneration 
during the year: 

€

Salaries and fees

Bonus

Taxable benefits

Total

Executive Directors

Jalkanen Markku

Non-Executive Directors

Armstrong Frank

Brown Gregory*

Ostrowski Erik

Poulos John

Zambeletti Leopoldo**

Whitaker Anne***

Pätsi Tuomo****

Fjällskog Marie-Louise*****

Roth Christine*****

(*) Board member until March 2023
(**) Board member until May 2023
(***) Board member until September 2023
(****) Board member from March 2023
(*****) Board member starting September 2023

398,192

113,299

240

511,730

83,978

22,000

42,934

42,000

34,525

46,851

20,970

0

0

83,978

22,000

42,934

42,000

34,525

46,851

20,970

0

0

35

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

THE COMPANY’S OPTION PLANS AND  
DIRECTORS’ SHARE OPTIONS

Aggregate remunerations disclosed on the previous page 
exclude any amounts for the value of options to acquire 
ordinary shares in the Company granted to or held by the 
Directors.

Option Plan 2015 was adopted by the Company at the 
Extraordinary General Meeting held on 15 September 2015 
and amended in the Annual General Meetings of 16 May 
2017, 18 May 2020, 23 April 2021 and 22 September 2023, 
respectively.  Option  Plan  2015  allowed  the  Company  to 
offer options for subscription free of charge to members 
of  the  Board  and  to  such  officers  and  employees  of  the 
Company  as  the  Board  sees  fit.  Each  option  entitles  the 
holder  of  the  option  to  subscribe  for  one  ordinary  share 
in the Company. Under the terms of Option Plan 2015, an 
aggregate maximum number of 1,800,000 options could 
be granted, such aggregate being made up of a maximum 
of  400,000  “2015A”  options,  the  subscription  period  for 
which  ended  on  9  June  2016,  a  maximum  of  400,000 
“2015B” options, the subscription period for which ended 
on 30 September 2019, a maximum of 500,000 “2015C” 
options,  the  subscription  period  for  which  ended  on  30 
September  2019,  and  a  maximum  of  500,000  “2015D” 
options,  the  subscription  period  for  which  ended  on  30 
September 2019, all such options being exercisable until 
30 September 2025.

The  exercise  price  for  ordinary  shares  based  on 
“2015A”  options  is  €3.71.  The  exercise  price  for  ordinary 
shares  based  on  “2015B”  options  is  €2.90.  The  exercise 
price  for  ordinary  shares  based  on  “2015C”  options  is 
€8.39.  The  exercise  price  for  ordinary  shares  based  on 
“2015D” options is €1.09.  All options granted under 2015 
Option plan are visible on the next pages.

Share Option Plan 2019 was adopted by the Board on 
20 November 2019 and amended on 19 March 2020 based 
on an authorisation by the Annual General Meeting of 28 
May  2019,  as  amended  in  the  Annual  General  Meeting 
of 18 May 2020. During 2023 the Option Plan 2019 was 
amended  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting  on  24  March 
2023.  Share  Option  Plan  2019  allows  the  Company  to 
offer options for subscription free of charge to employees 
and  directors  of  the  Group  (including  any  non-executive 
members  of  the  Board)  and  any  eligible  person  who 
provides  services  to  the  Group.  Each  option  entitles  the 
holder  of  the  option  to  subscribe  for  one  ordinary  share 
in  the  Company.  Under  the  amended  rules  of  the  Share 
Option  Plan  2019,  an  aggregate  maximum  number  of 
4,350,000 options can be granted. The number of granted 
options  under  the  Option  Plan  2019  and  their  exercise 
period and prices is described in the table below.

Option tranches under  
Option Plans 2015 and 2019

Total number 
of options

Grant date

Exercised period,  
vesting 25% per annum

Exercise price, €

2015 A options

2015 B options

2015 C options

2015 D options

2019 A options

2019 B options

400,000

16.09.2015

02.11.2015–30.09.2025

400,000

18.11.2016

08.10.2016–30.09.2025

500,000

16.11.2017

08.10.2017–30.09.2025

500,000

21.05.2019

08.10.2018–30.09.2025

554,333

23.07.2020

23.07.2021–23.07.2025

590,583 

24.03.2021

24.03.2022–24.03.2026

2019 B bis options

0 

05.07.2021

05.07.2022–05.07.2026

2019 B tertiary options

147,000 

17.11.2021

17.11.2022–17.11.2026

2019 C options

440,000

24.03.2022

24.03.2023–24.03.2027

2019 C bis options

129,000

24.08.2022

24.08.2023–24.08.2027

3.67

2.90

8.39

1.09

3.80 

3.99 

4.40 

4.47  
(4.04€ under US plan)

3.09 
(2.91€ under US plan)

2.50
(2.38€ under US plan)

2019 C tertiary options

16,000

17.11.2022

17.11.2023–17.11.2027

2.09

2019 D options

779,000

08.06.2023

08.06.2024–08.06.2028

2019 D bis options

34,000

09.11.2023

09.11.2024–9.11.2028

3.57 
(3.36€ under US plan)

3.53
(3.35€ under US plan)

36

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Total options under 2015 and 
2019 Option Plans

At 1
January
2023

Granted
during  the
 period

Exercised
during
the period:

At 31
December
2023

Average subs. 
price per 
shares, €

Jalkanen Markku

Armstrong Frank

Ostrowski Erik*

Brown Gregory**

Poulos John

Zambeletti Leopoldo**

Whitaker Anne**

Pätsi Tuomo

Fjällskog Marie-Louise

Roth Christine

480,000

60,000

280,000

60,000

30,000

30,000

160,000

30,000

130,000

30,000

140,000

30,000

60,000

30,000

0

30,000

140,000

40,000

0

30,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

540,,000

340,000

60,000

160,000

160,000

170,000

90,000

30,000

180,000

30,000

3.57

3.57

3.36

3.36

3.36

3.57

3.36

3.57

3.57

3.35

(*) Board member since April 2022 (**) Board membership ended during 2023

 At 31 December 2023

Issued Share Capital

Share Options

Ordinary shares  Percentage held

Options

Average exercise price, €

Executive

Jalkanen Markku(1)

Non-Executive Directors

Armstrong Frank

Ostrowski Erik

Poulos John

Pätsi Tuomo*

Fjällskog Marie-Louise**

Roth Christine**

(*) Board member since March 2023
(**) Board member since September 2023 

3,313,434

4.82

540,000

71,062

2,009

10,000

11,765

0

0

0.10

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00

340,000

60,000

160,000

30,000

180,000

30,000

4.35

3.90

2.87

4.21

3.57

3.64

3.35

(1)  of  which  2,153,697  are  held  by  Markku  Jalkanen 
directly and 1,138,168 are held by Markku Jalkanen’s wife 
Sirpa Jalkanen

37

 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Corporate 
Governance 
Statement 

COMMUNICATING WITH SHAREHOLDERS

SHARE DEALING

The  Company acknowledges that effective communication 
with  its  shareholders  on  strategy  and  governance  is  an 
important  part  of  its  responsibilities.  Interim  and  final 
results  are  communicated  via  formal  meetings  with 
investor  roadshows,  participation  in  conferences  and 
additional dialogue with key investor representatives held 
in  the  intervening  periods.  Faron  recognises  the  Annual 
General Meeting as an opportunity to meet shareholders.
As  an  AIM  and  First  North  listed  company,  Faron 
complies the Market Abuse Regulation (both EU and UK 
domestic  laws  after  year  end  2020),  the  AIM  Rules  for 
Companies  and  the  Nasdaq  First  North  Growth  Market 
Rulebook.  Faron  complies  with  other  relevant  legislation 
in all its corporate communications issues. 

Faron  speaks  to  the  financial  community  and 
shareholders  only  through  authorised  representatives. 
In  accordance  with  Faron’s  disclosure  policy,  the  Chief 
Executive Officer is the designated person to make public 
statements. The Chief Executive Officer may delegate this 
authority  to  other  members  of  the  management  team.  
In  addition  to  the  CEO,  the  CFO  is  able  to  communicate 
externally on behalf of Faron on financial matters.

The contact details are below: 
email: investor.relations@faron.com

Media and investor relations: 
Consilium Strategic Communications 
email: faron@consilium-comms.com

The  Company  has  established  a  share  dealing  code 
appropriate to an AIM and First North listed company, and 
all the Directors understand the importance of compliance 
to that code.

ETHICAL VALUES AND CORPORATE CULTURE

Faron  is  strongly  committed  to  conducting  its  business 
affairs  with  honesty  and  integrity  and  in  full  compliance 
with  all  applicable 
laws,  rules  and  regulations.  All 
employees  and  Directors  are  required  to  comply  with  all 
laws, rules and regulations applicable to Faron wherever 
it does business. 

Employees  and  Directors  should  endeavour  to  deal 
honestly,  ethically  and  fairly  with  Faron’s  collaborators, 
licensors, licensees, business partners, suppliers, customers, 
competitors  and  other  employees.  Statements  regarding 
Faron’s  therapies  and  services  must  not  be  untrue, 
misleading, deceptive or fraudulent.

Employees  and  Directors  act  in  the  best  interests  of 
Faron and use its assets and services solely for legitimate 
business purposes and not for any personal benefit or the 
personal benefit of anyone else.

RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL

The  principal  risks  and  uncertainties  identified  by  the 
Board  are  set  out  on  pages  20-23  of  the  2023  Report. 
The Board has put in place internal controls and systems 
which  are  designed  to  manage  rather  than  eliminate 

38

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

REGULATED ADVISORS  

The  shares  of  the  Company    are  listed  for  trading  on 
the  London  Stock  Exchange  AIM  and  Nasdaq  First 
North  Growth  Market  marketplaces,  which  require  the 
nominating  of  advisors.  Peel  Hunt  LLP  acts  as  the 
Company’s  sole  broker  on  AIM.  Cairn  Financial  Advisers 
LLP is the Company´s nominated advisor on AIM and Sisu 
Partners  Oy  is  the  Company’s  certified  advisor  on  First 
North.

RESPONSIBILITY

At  Faron  we  embrace  the  responsibility  we  have  to 
patients,  our  employees,  the  communities  where  we 
work and the planet. We set ambitious goals for our own 
operations, high expectations for our suppliers and serve 
as an example of leadership for our industry.

In  the  same  way  that  it  drives  the  development  of 
our  transformational  medicines,  innovation  fuels  our 
approach to practices related to environmental, social and 
governance (ESG) matters. We are focused on enhancing 
patient access to medicines, being an employer of choice 
and  prioritizing  environmental  sustainability,  all  while 
operating  with  the  highest  levels  of  quality,  integrity  and 
ethics.  Our  strong  governance  profile  includes  board 
oversight  and  active  participation  and  reporting  from 
leadership  and  team  members  across  functions  and 
geographies.

Faron  is  committed  to  maintaining  and  promoting 
high standards of business integrity. Faron’s values, which 

39

risk and provide reasonable but not absolute assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. A key element of 
delivering Faron’s strategy and managing the risks facing 
Faron is the employment of a skilled workforce and use 
of appropriate vendors. The Board reviews the risks and 
uncertainties  facing  Faron  and  the  effectiveness  of  its 
systems annually.

At  present,  Faron  does  not  consider  it  necessary  to 
have  an  internal  audit  function  due  to  the  small  size  of 
the administrative function, the frequent interaction with 
the auditors and the supervision of the audit committee. 
The Board is, however, closely following both regulatory 
and  operational  developments  in  this  realm  and  plans 
to  react  appropriately  if,  and  to  the  extent,  considered 
necessary.

There  is  a  monthly  review  and  authorisation  of 
transactions  by  the  Chief  Financial  Officer  and  Chief 
Executive  Officer.  A  comprehensive  budgeting  process 
is completed once a year and is reviewed and approved 
by  the  Board.  The  Group’s  results,  compared  with  the 
budget, are reported to the Board on a monthly basis and 
discussed in detail.

insurance  cover 

Faron  maintains  appropriate 

in 
respect  of  actions  taken  against  the  Directors  because 
of their roles, as well as against material loss or claims 
against Faron. The insured values and type of cover are 
comprehensively reviewed on a periodic basis.

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

incorporate the principles of corporate social responsibility 
and  sustainability,  guide  its  relationships  with  clients, 
employees and the communities and environment in which 
it operates. Faron’s approach to sustainability addresses 
both  its  environmental  and  social  impacts,  supporting 
its vision to remain an employer of choice, while meeting 
client demands for socially responsible partners. 

By putting ESG into practice, Faron is committed, wherever 
possible, to:

 • developing treatments for medical conditions  

with significant unmet needs 

 • conducting itself responsibly and in an ethical manner
 • creating a positive and supportive working 

environment

 • acting fairly in its dealings with suppliers and  

other third parties

 • minimising the impact on its environment

Environmental – Prioritizing Sustainability  

The well-being of our communities is enriched by a safe, 
clean  and  healthy  environment.  Faron  is  committed  to 
behaving  responsibly  and  to  minimizing  its  impact  on 
the  world  around  us.  In  considering  the  environment, 
Faron  has  resolved  to  include  environmental  factors 
in  its  business  travel  practices  and  to  minimise  its 
consumption  of  natural  resources  and  manage  waste 
through  responsible  disposal  and  reuse  and  recycling. 
Faron  endeavours  also,  through  its  suppliers,  to  make 
environment-friendly choices where possible, for example 
when selecting packages for our drug substances.

Social – Patients, Employees and Inventions

Unmet medical needs and enhancing patient access 
Faron  exists  to  help  patients  overcome  serious  medical 
conditions and diseases. Bexmarilimab has been used for  
cancer  patients  for  which  all  available  treatments  have 
been tested and which were not bringing help for them.

Inventions from academia to patients
We  are  a  pioneer  in  partnering  with  academia  to  bring 
scientific advancements from the laboratory to patients in 
the clinic. All three of Faron’s pipeline candidates originate 
from academic laboratories. 

Be an Employer of Choice
Driving  everything  we  do  is  a  team  of  dedicated  and 
talented  professionals  who  share  a  commitment  to 

working  every  day  to  deliver  innovative  medicines  for 
patients  with  serious  and  life-threatening  diseases.  Not 
only  do  we  hire  the  best  and  brightest  people,  but  we 
also provide them with a work environment that places a 
premium on diversity, integrity, collaboration, community 
involvement and personal development. We have created 
an  inclusive  and  empowering  culture  that  embraces 
diverse experiences and perspectives of all our employees 
to  drive  innovation  and  transformative  scientific  and 
business  results.  Faron  considers  all  staff  members 
to  be  equal  and  aims  to  create  a  working  environment 
which  is  free  of  unlawful  discrimination.  In  this  regard, 
Faron  maintain  an  internal  code  of  conduct  based  on 
professionalism and respect.

Governance 

local 

Accountability  is  fundamental  to  our  business.  Faron 
laws  and  customs  while  supporting 
respects 
international  laws  and  regulations.  Faron  aims  to  adopt 
the  highest  professional  standards  and  not  to  act  in 
such a way as to compromise Its integrity. Faron is also 
committed  to  eliminating  unlawful  discrimination  and 
to  promoting  equality  and  diversity  in  its  professional 
dealings, which includes a commitment to enter into clear 
and fair contracts with its suppliers. 

The cornerstone for Faron’s internal policies is its Code 
of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics,  which  embodies  the 
standards and policies under which Faron operates. The 
code  combines  the  values  and  corporate  responsibility 
commitments  to  provide  the  framework  and  guidance 
for  its  employees  to  operate  in  an  open,  honest,  ethical, 
and  principled  way.  The  code  is  supported  by  a  set  of 
internal  policies  varying  from  information  security  to 
anti-corruption.  Faron  continuously  trains  its  employees 
on  e.g.,  business  ethics,  securities  regulations,  and  data 
privacy. We have also engaged with external providers to 
test  IT  security,  the  results  of  which  identified  no  major 
vulnerabilities. 

The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  and  plays  a  key 
role in ensuring the appropriate systems and controls are 
in place and effective. As described in this Annual Report, 
the Company complies QCA’s Corporate Governance Code 
for  Small  and  Medium  Sized  Companies.  Faron  is  fully 
committed to the highest possible standards of openness, 
honesty, and accountability. In line with that commitment, 
Faron  actively  encourages  all  staff  members  who  have 
serious  concerns  about  any  real  or  perceived  departure 
from the high ethical standard that it sets to voice those 
concerns openly.

40

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

STATEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES

WEBSITE PUBLICATION

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  ensuring  that  the 
financial  statements  are  made  available  on  a  website. 
Financial statements are published on Faron’s website in 
accordance with AIM Rule 26, Nasdaq First North Growth 
Market Rulebook and the recommendations of the QCA’s 
Corporate Governance Code for Small and Medium Sized 
Companies.

On behalf of the Board

Frank Armstrong
Chairman
13 March 2024

Under  the  Finnish  Limited  Liability  Companies  Act  and 
the  Finnish  Accounting  Act,  the  Company  must  prepare 
financial  statements  in  accordance  with  applicable  law 
and regulations.

The  Board  and  the  CEO  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair 
view in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the EU, as well as for the 
preparation of financial statements and the report of the 
Board  that  give  a  true  and  fair  view  in  accordance  with 
the laws and regulations governing the preparation of the 
financial statements and the report of the Board in Finland. 
The Board is responsible for the appropriate arrangement 
of  the  control  of  Faron’s  accounts  and  finances,  and 
the CEO shall see to it that the accounts of Faron are in 
compliance with the law and that its financial affairs have 
been  arranged  in  a  reliable  manner.  In  accordance  with 
the  rules  of  the  London  Stock  Exchange  for  companies 
trading securities on AIM, the Company is also required to 
prepare annual accounts and financial statements under 
IFRS.

In  preparing  these  financial  statements,  the  Board  of 
Directors is required to: 

 • select suitable accounting policies and then  

apply them consistently;

 • make judgements and accounting estimates  

that are reasonable and prudent;

 • state whether they have been prepared in 

accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU,  
subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements;

 • prepare the financial statements on the going 

concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume 
that the Company will continue in business.

The  Board  and  the  CEO  are  responsible  for  keeping 
adequate  accounting  records  that  are  sufficient  to 
show  and  explain  Faron’s  transactions  and  disclose 
with  reasonable  accuracy  at  any  time  the  financial 
position  of  Faron  and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the 
financial statement comply with the requirements of the 
Finnish  Accounting  Act.  They  are  also  responsible  for 
safeguarding  the  assets  of  Faron  and  hence  for  taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud 
and other irregularities.

41

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Directors’
Report

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements  
for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

DIRECTORS

During  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  the  following 
persons have been members of the Board of the Company:

The Company has no distributable equity and thus the 
Directors  do  not  recommend  the  payment  of  a  dividend 
(2022: nil).

Executive 

Dr Markku Jalkanen, PhD | Chief Executive Officer

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Non-executive  

Dr Frank Armstrong, FRCPE, FFPM | Chairman 
Mr John Poulos | Non-Executive Director
Dr Gregory B Brown | Non-Executive Director
Mr Leopoldo Zambeletti | Non-Executive Director
Ms Anne Whitaker | Non-Executive Director
Mr Erik Ostrowski | Non-Executive Director
Mr. Tuomo Pätsi | Non-Executive Director*
Dr. Marie-LouiseFjällskog | Non-Executive Director**
Mrs. Christine Roth | Non-Executive Director**

(*) Appointed to the Board on March 2023

(**) Appointed to the Board on September 2023

The  Group  produces  budgets  and  cash  flow  projections 
on  an  annual  basis  for  approval  by  the  Board.  These  are 
reviewed during the year and updated if needed to reflect any 
changes in the business. Detailed management accounts 
are  produced  on  a  monthly  basis,  with  all  significant 
variances 
investigated  promptly.  The  management 
accounts  are  reviewed  and  commented  on  by  the  Board 
at  Board  meetings  and  are  reviewed  and  reported  to  the 
Directors on a monthly basis by the Chief Financial Officer.

FINANCIAL KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS)

For a review of the Group’s KPIs please see pages 16-19 
Financial Review.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

For a discussion of the principal risks and uncertainties which 
face Faron please see pages 20 to 23 of this document.

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS

The  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income 
for the year is set out here.

The  Group’s  loss  of  the  financial  year  after  taxation 
and other comprehensive losses was €30.9 million (2022: 
€28.7 million).

Details  of  the  Group’s  key  research  and  development 
programmes can be found in the Strategic Report and the 
detailed  programme  sections.  See  also  notes  2.7  and  5. 
Further  information  is  also  available  on  Faron’s  website, 
www.faron.com.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND MANAGEMENT 
OF LIQUID RESOURCES

The  Group’s  principal  financial  instrument  comprises 

42

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

cash, and this is used to finance the Group’s operations. 
The  Group  has  also  other  financial  instruments  such  as 
leasing facilities that arise directly from its operations.

The Group has a policy, which has been consistently 
followed,  of  not  trading  in  financial  instruments  and 
to  minimise  currency  exposure  by  actively  matching 
currency  expenses  and  income  to  the  extent  possible. 
The  Group’s  cash  is  held  on  bank  accounts  in  reputable 
banks  in  Finland,  Switzerland  and  US.  See  note  2.16 
‘Financial assets’, note 19 ‘Financial assets and liabilities’ 
and note 20, ‘Financial risk management’ in the notes to 
the  Financial  Statements  for  IFRS  disclosure  regarding 
financial instruments.

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDINGS 

On 31 December 2023, the Company had been notified of 
the following holdings of 3% or more of the issued share 
capital of the Company.

GENERAL MEETINGS

The  Company  held  the  Annual  General  Meeting  on  24 
March 2023 and the Extra Ordinary General meeting on 22 
September 2023. In 2024, the Annual General Meeting will 
be held on 5 april 2024. Further details will be provided to 
shareholders in advance of the meeting.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

PricewaterhouseCoopers have expressed their willingness 
to continue in office as auditors for the year. A resolution 
to  reappoint  them  will  be  proposed  at  the  forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting.

DISCLOSURE AND INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

Each of the current Directors hereby confirms that: 
(a)  So  far  as  he/she  is  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit 
information of which the auditors are unaware; and
(b) He/she has taken all reasonable steps to ascertain any 
relevant audit information and to ensure that the auditors 
are aware of such information

Timo Syrjälä*

13,410,336

19.50 %

On behalf of the Board

Frank Armstrong
Chairman
13 March 2024

A&B (HK) Company Limited

3,408,409

4.96 %

Markku Jalkanen**

3,313,434

4.82 %

Tom-Erik Lind

3,231,797

4.70%

Varma Mutual Pension Fund

2,837,581

 4.13 %

Marko Salmi

2,685,079

3.90%

Fjärde AP Fonden

2,576,184

  3.75 %

The European Investment 
Council Fund, EIC

2,080,437

3.02%

(*) of which 4,604,971 are held directly by Timo Syrjälä and 8,805,365 
are held by Acme Investments SPF S.à.r.l., an entity which is wholly 
owned by Timo Syrjälä / (**) of which 2,175,266 are held by Markku 
Jalkanen directly and 1,138,168 are held by Markku Jalkanen’s wife 
Sirpa Jalkanen 

The information presented in the above table is consistent 
with  the  Company’s  best  knowledge  as  at  31  December 
2023.

43

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Financial
Statements 
2023

Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 31 December

 Group                                        Parent

€’000 (except per share information)

Note 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

Revenue

Other operating income

Research and development expenses

General and administrative expenses

Operating loss

Financial income

Financial expenses 

Loss before tax

Tax expense

Loss for the period

3

4

5, 6, 7

5, 6, 7

8

8

9

-   

-

(19,542)

(9,026)

(28,568)

233

(2 609)

(30,944)

-

-

803

(20,730)

(7,498)

(27,426)

96

(1,400)

(28,730)

-

-

65

(19,019)

(9,792)

(28,746)

317

(2,664)

-   

868

(19,958)

(8,495)

(27,585)

36

(1,376)

(31,094)

(28,924)

-

-

(30,944)

(28,730)

(31,094)

(28,924)

Other comprehensive income (loss) 

2

17

-

-

Total comprehensive loss for the period

(30,942)

(28,713)

(31,094)

(28,924)

Loss per ordinary share

Basic and diluted loss per share, EUR

 10

(0.48)

(0.52)

(0.48)

(0.52)

44

 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Balance Sheet

As at December 31

 Group                                        Parent

€’000

Assets

Non-current assets

Machinery and equipment

Right-of-use-assets

Subsidiary shares

Intangible assets

Prepayments and other receivables

Total non-current assets

Current assets

Prepayments and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total current assets

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Note 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

11

13

24

11

12

14

15

6

198

-

1,088

60

1,352

1,992

6,875

8,868

13

314

-

1,154

60

1,541

2,740

6,990

9,730

6

198

18

1,088

544

1,854

2,317

6,842

9,159

13

314

18

1,154

522

2,021

2,845

6,884

9,729

10,220

11,271

11,013

11,750

Capital and reserves attributable to the equity holders of Faron

Share capital

Reserve for invested unrestricted equity

Accumulated deficit

Translation difference

Total equity

Provisions

Other provisions

Total provisions

Non-current liabilities

Borrowings

Lease liabilities

Other liabilities

Total non-current liabilities

Current liabilities

Borrowings

Lease liabilities

Trade payables

Accruals and other current liabilities

Total current liabilities

2,691

154,352

2,691

2,691

2,691

129,544

154,346

129,539

(172,208)

(143,713)

(172,649)

(144,008)

4

2

0

-

16, 17

(15,160)

(11,476)

(15,611)

(11,778)

18

19

13

21

19

13

22

22

0

0

9,423

50

895

158

158

11,102

163

853

0

0

158

158

9,428

50

895

11,106

163

853

10,369

12,118

10,373

12,122

3,475

163

8,971

2,403

1,851

153

6,014

2,453

15,012

10,471

3 475

163

10,585

2,028

16,251

1,851

153

7,265

1,978

11,247

Total liabilities

25,380

22,748

26,624

23,528

Total equity and liabilities

10,220

11,271

11,013

11,750

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Parent Company Statement of
Changes in Equity 

€’000

Note 

Share 
capital	

Reserve for  Accumulated 
deficit	

invested	
unrestricted
equity

Total 
equity

Balance as at 31 December 2021

2,691

116,507

(116,381)

2,818

Comprehensive loss for the period

Transactions with equity holders of the Company 

Issue of ordinary shares, net of transaction costs

Share-based compensation

16

6, 17

-

-

-

-

-

(28,924)

(28,924)

13,032

-

13,032

-

1,297

1,297

13,032

1,297

14,329

Balance as at 31 December 2022

2,691

129,539

(144,008)

(11,778)

Comprehensive loss for the period

Transactions with equity holders of the Company

Issue of ordinary shares, net of transaction costs 

Share-based compensation

Other movements

16

6, 17

-

-

-

-

-

-

(31,094)

(31,094)

24,808

-

-

-

2,450

2

24,808

2,450

2

24,808

(28,641)

(3,833)

Balance as at 31 December 2023

2,691

154,346

(172,649)

(15,611)

46

 
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Group Statement of
Changes in Equity 

€’000

Note 

Share 
capital	

Reserve for 
invested	
unrestricted
equity

Translation 
difference	

Accumulated 
deficit	

Total
equity

Balance as at 31 December 2021

2,691

116,507

(15)

(116,265)

2,919

Comprehensive loss for the period

Transactions with equity holders of the Group 

Issue of ordinary shares, net of 

transaction costs

Share-based compensation

Other movements

16

6, 17

-

-

-

-

-

-

17

(28,730)

(28,713)

13,037

-

-

-

-

-

-

13,037

1,297

(16)

1,297

(16)

13,037

17

(27,448)

(14,395)

Balance as at 31 December 2022

2,691

129,544

Comprehensive loss for the period

Transactions with equity holders of the Group

Issue of ordinary shares, net of  

transaction costs

Share-based compensation

16

6, 17

-

-

-

-

-

24,808

-

24,808

Balance as at 31 December 2023

2,691

154,352

2

2

-

-

2

4

(143,713)

(11,476)

(30,944)

(30,942)

-

24,808

2,450

2,450

(28,494)

(3,684)

(172,208)

(15,160)

47

 
	
	
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Statement of Cash Flows 

As at 31 December

 Group                                        Parent

€’000

Note 

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

Cash	flow	from	operating	activities

Loss before tax

Adjustments for:

Received grants

Depreciation and amortisation

Change in provision

Financial items

Share-based compensation

(30,944)

(28,730)

(31,094)

(28,924)

4

7

8

17

(33)

346

(158)

2,376

2,450

(803)

300

(158)

1,304

1,297

(33)

346

(158)

2,348

2,450

(868)

300

(158)

1,339

1,297

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital

(25,963)

(26,790)

(26,141)

(27,014)

Change in net working capital:

Prepayments and other receivables

Trade payables

Other liabilities

Cash used in operations

Transaction costs related to loans and borrowings

Interest received

Interest paid

Net cash used in operating activities

Cash	flow	from	investing	activities

Payments for intangible assets

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash	flow	from	financing	activities

Proceeds from issue of shares

Share issue transaction cost

Proceeds from borrowings

Repayment of borrowings

Transaction and structuring fees of borrowings

Proceeds from grants

Payment of lease liabilities

300

2,994

(50)

2,864

719

1,183

59

3,253

50

(22,719)

(22,023)

(22,779)

-

243

(1,330)

(23,806)

(165)

11

(816)

-

243

(1,330)

2,887

4,314

(2,126)

(21,940)

(165)

11

(816)

(22,993)

(23,866)

(22,909)

11

16

16

19

19

19

4, 21

2, 19

(123)

(123)

(385)

(385)

(123)

(123)

(385)

(385)

26,031

(1,190)

64

(861)

(400)

481

(142)

13,445

(365)

10,389

(105)

-

231

(116)

26,031

(1,190)

64

(861)

(400)

481

(142)

13,445

(365)

10,389

(105)

-

231

(116)

Net	cash	from	financing	activities

23,983

23,478

23,983

23,478

Net increase (+) / decrease (-) 

in cash and cash equivalents

Effect of exchange rate changes on  

cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December

15

15

(114)

(168)

6,990

6,876

137

37

6,853

6,990

(41)

(35)

6,884

6,842

250

66

6,634

6,884

48

 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Notes to the Financial Statements

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

Faron Pharmaceuticals Oy (“Company”), a clinical stage 
biopharmaceutical company incorporated and domiciled 
in  Finland,  with  its  headquarters  at  Joukahaisenkatu  6 
B,  20520  Turku,  Finland,  is  the  parent  company  for  all 
its  subsidiaries  (“Faron”  or  “Group”).  The  Group  has  a 
pipeline based on the receptors involved in regulation of 
immune response in oncology, organ damage and bone 
marrow regeneration. Faron Pharmaceuticals Oy is listed 
on  the  London  Stock  Exchange’s  AIM  market  since  17 
November 2015 and Nasdaq First North Growth Market 
since  21  November  2019.  The  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Company  approved  the  financial  statements  on  12 
March 2024.

2. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING  
POLICIES

2.1. Basis of Preparation

The  financial  statements  incude  both  the  group  and 
the  Company  which  have  been  prepared  in  accordance 
with the IFRS Accounting Standards of the International 
Accounting  Standards  Board  (IASB)  and  as  adopted 
interpretations  of 
by  the  European  Union  and  the 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
the 
Interpretations  Committee 
(IFRIC).  The  financial 
statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, 
unless otherwise stated. The parent company bears vast 
majority  of  the  costs  in  the  Group.  The  intercompany 
items  are  recognized  by  the  Parent  which  make  the 
Group figures differ.

The  principal  accounting  policies  applied 

in  the 
preparation  of  these  financial  statements  are  set  out 
below. These policies have been applied consistently to all 
the periods presented, unless otherwise stated. The areas 
of  the  financial  statements  involving  a  higher  degree  of 
judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and 
estimates  are  significant  to  the  financial  statements  are 
disclosed in note 2.21.

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  incorporate 
the  parent  company,  Faron  Pharmaceuticals  Oy,  and  all 
subsidiaries in which it holds over 50% of the voting rights. 
The  subsidiaries  established  during  the  financial  period 
are consolidated from the date that control was obtained 
by  the  Group.The    subsidiaries    are    consolidated  by 
using  the purchase method. All intragroup transactions, 
receivables, liabilities and unrealized gains are eliminated 
the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  Faron 
in 

Pharmaceuticals  Oy  holds  100%  ownership  of  all  its 
subsidiaries.

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  and  parent 
company  financial  statemetnts  are  presented  in  euro 
which  is  the  functional  currency  of  the  parent  company. 
The statements of comprehensive income and statements 
of  cash  flows  of  foreign  subsidiaries,  whose  functional 
currency is not euro, are translated into euro each month at 
the average monthly exchange rates, while the statements 
of  financial  position  of  such  subsidiaries  are  translated 
at  the  exchange  rate  prevailing  at  the  reporting  date. 
Translation  differences  resulting  from  the  translation  of 
profit  for  the  period  and  other  items  of  comprehensive 
income  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  and 
statement of financial position are recognized as a separate 
component in equity and in other comprehensive income. 
Also, the translation differences arising from the application 
of the purchase method and from the translation of equity 
items cumulated subsequent to acquisition are recognized 
in other comprehensive income.

All figures presented in notes are group figures if not 
else  stated.  Where  the  numbers  for  the  Group  and  the 
Company  differ  significantly  those  are  explained  in  the 
notes.  The  differences  are  mainly  caused  by  employee 
related  costs  at  subsidiaries  and  compensation  of  the 
services subsidiaries provide to the Company.All amounts 
are  presented  in  thousands  of  euros,  unless  otherwise 
indicated,  rounded  to  the  nearest  euro  thousand. 

2.2. Going Concern 

As  part  of  their  going  concern  review,  the  Directors 
have  followed 
International  Accounting  Standard  1, 
Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  (IAS  1).  The 
Company  and  its  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  a  number 
of  risks  similar  to  those  of  other  development  state 
pharmaceutical companies. These risks include, amongst 
others,  generation  of  revenues  in  due  course  from  the 
development portfolio and risks associated with research, 
development,  testing  and  obtaining  related  regulatory 
approvals of its pipeline products. The subsidiaries have 
limited  economic  activities  and  have  immaterial  assets 
and  liabilities  and  thus  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as 
going concern is dependent on the Company. Ultimately, 
the  attainment  of  profitable  operations  is  dependent 
on  future  uncertain  events  which 
include  obtaining 
adequate  financing  to  fulfill  the  Group’s  commercial  and 

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development  activities  and  generate  a  level  of  revenue 
adequate to support the Group’s cost structure.

The  Group  generated  a  net  loss  of  €30,9  million  and 
recorded  a  €23,8  million  cash  outflow  from  operating 
activities  during  the  year  ended  31  December  2023.  At 
the end of the financial year, it had total negative equity of 
€15,2  million  including  an  accumulated  deficit  of  €172,2 
million.  As  of  that  date,  the  Group  had  cash  and  cash 
equivalents of €6,9 million.

The  Directors  have  prepared  the  detailed  financial 
forecasts  and  cash  flows  looking  beyond  12  months 
from the date of these financial statements. In developing 
these  forecasts,  the  Directors  have  made  assumptions 
based upon their view of the current and future economic 
conditionsto  the  Company  and  the  Group  that  are 
expected to prevail over the forecast period. The Director’s 
estimate that  the cash held by the Group, together with 
known receivables will be sufficient to support the current 
level of activities until Q2 2024. The Group also has loan 
agreements  which  include  financial  covenants  related 
to minimum cash balance and thus loan amounts (book 
value of €9,4 million on December 31, 2023) become due if 
the Group is not able to maintain minimum cash balances 
or  negotiate  a  waiver  with  the  lender.  The  directors  are 
continuing  to  explore  sources  of  finance  available  to 
the  Group  and  the  Company  and  they  believe  that  they 
have  a  reasonable  expectation  that  they  will  be  able  to 
secure sufficient cash inflows for the Group to continue 
its activities for not less than 12 months from the date of 
these financial statements; they have therefore prepared 
the financial statements on a going concern basis.

During the financial period ended 31, December 2023, 
the Group raised 25,7 million in three fundraising rounds. 
Subsequent to 31 December 2023, the Group has received 
a €3,2 million capital loan to secure immediate short-term 
financing needs until the end of March 2024. The Capital 
Loan  shall  be  governed  by  the  provisions  of  Chapter  12 
of  the  Finnish  Companies  Act  (624/2006,  as  amended) 
(the “Finnish Companies Act”) concerning capital loans (in 
Finnish: pääomalaina). The Group is actively pursuing the 
following activities during 2024:

 • Securing approximately €5,0 million of short-term 

bridge financing to extend the Group’s cash runway  
and meeting the covenant terms until long term 
financing can be obtained.

 • Securing longer-term funding of approximately 
€35 million in total. The Directors’ intend to 
propose to the Annual General Meeting on 5 April 
2024 an authorization for a larger share issuance 
contemplated to be launched as a public offering 
(with planned allocation preferences to existing 
shareholders and bridge finance lenders, including 
the investors to enable the conversion of the Capital 

Loan and in compliance with the relevant securities 
markets regulation) as soon as practicable once the 
required preparations and approvals are in place. 
The targeted size of the contemplated share issue 
is planned to be set accordingly, to meet these cash 
runway needs for 2024.

 • Evaluating and negotiating several business 

development alternatives that may result in non-
dilutive funding. 

 • Evaluating, to the extent possible, other sources of 
debt financing on acceptable terms. With respect 
to the availability of additional funding from IPF, 
the respective term allowing the Group to draw on 
Tranche B and Tranche C has expired. The Group 
does not anticipate, at this time, having the ability to 
draw further funding from IPF.

 • See Notes 19 in relation to IPF facility agreement 
and Note  25 for discussion of post balance sheet 
events including IPF loan covenant breach and 
waiver on 3 March 2024.

Because  the  additional  finance  is  not  committed  at  the 
date  of  issuance  of  these  financial  statements,  these 
circumstances represent a material uncertainty that may 
cast significant doubt on the Group’s and the Company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. Should the Group 
and  the  Company  be  unable  to  obtain  further  financing 
such that the going concern basis of preparation were no 
longer appropriate, this may have a consequential impact 
on  the  carrying  value  of  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the 
Group  and  the  Company.  See  further  commentary  on 
financial risk management in Note 20. 

2.3. Foreign Currency Transactions and Balances

Functional and Presentation Currency
The  financial  statements  are  presented  in  euro,  which  is 
the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

Transaction Currency 
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the 
exchange  rates  ruling  at  the  date  of  the  transaction. 
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies  are  translated  at  the  exchange  rates  ruling 
at  the  reporting  date.  Foreign  exchange  differences 
arising  on  translation  are  recognized  in  the  statement 
income.  Non-monetary  assets 
of  comprehensive 
and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are 
translated  at  the  foreign  exchange  rate  ruling  at  the 
date of the transaction. 

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2.4. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent 
with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating 
decision  maker.  The  Chief  Executive  Officer,  reviewing 
the  operating  results  regularly  to  make  decisions 
about  the  allocation  of  resources  and  to  assess  overall 
performance, is identified as the chief operating decision 
maker. The Chief Executive Officer manages the Group as 
one  integrated  business  and  hence,  the  Group  has  one 
operating and reportable segment.

2.5. Revenue Recognition

The  Group  uses  IFRS  15  standard  for  Revenue  from 
Contracts  with  Customers  and  applies  the  single, 
principles  based  five-step  model  to  all  contracts  with 
customers provided by IFRS 15 as follows: 

1.  Identify the contract with a customer
2.  Identify the performance obligations in the contract
3.  Determine the transaction price
4.  Allocate the transaction price to the performance 

obligations in the contract

5.  Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity  

satisfies a performance obligation (over time  
or at a point in time).

Revenue from Licensing Agreements
According  to  IFRS  15,  performance  obligation  is  a 
promise to provide a distinct good or service or a series 
of  distinct  goods  or  services.  Goods  and  services  that 
are not distinct are bundled with other goods or services 
in  the  contract  until  a  bundle  of  goods  or  services  that 
is  distinct  is  created.  A  good  or  service  promised  to  a 
customer is distinct if the customer can benefit from the 
good or service either on its own or together with other 
resources that are readily available to the customer and 
the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the 
customer is separately identifiable from other promises 
in the contract.

2.6. Recognition of Government Grants

The  direct  government  grants  are  recognized  as  other 
operating  income  at  the  same  time  as  the  underlying 
expenditure is incurred, provided that there is reasonable 
assurance  that  the  Group  will  receive  the  grant  and  it 
complies  with  the  conditions  of  such  grant.  Direct  grant 
payments  received  in  advance  of  the  incurrence  of  the 
expenditure  that  the  grant  is  intended  to  compensate 
are  deferred  at  the  reporting  date  and  presented  under 
advances received on the balance sheet.

The  indirect  government  assistance  in  the  form  of 
below-market  interest  government  loans  is  recognized 
as grant income and recorded as other operating income 

in  the  same  period  in  which  the  Group  recognizes  the 
expenses for which the benefit is intended to compensate. 
Grant income is measured as the difference between the 
initial fair value of the loan and the proceeds received.

2.7. Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred 
and presented under research and development expenses 
in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income.  Research 
and development expenses include costs for outsourced 
clinical  trial  services,  materials  and  services,  employee 
benefits and other expenditure directly attributable to the 
Group’s research and development activities. The Group’s 
research  and  development  expenses  are  directly  related 
to  the  Group’s  development  projects  and  may  therefore 
fluctuate strongly from year to year. 

Capitalization  of  expenditure  on  the  development  of 
the Group’s products commences from the point at which 
technical  and  commercial  feasibility  of  the  product  can 
be demonstrated and it is probable that future economic 
benefits will result from the product once completed. As 
at 31 December 2023, considering the development stage 
of  the  Group’s  drug  candidates,  no  internally  developed 
assets related to Group’s development activities had met 
these  criteria  and  had  therefore  not  been  recognized. 
The  uncertainties  inherent  in  developing  pharmaceutical 
products  prohibits 
internal 
development  expenses  as  an  intangible  asset  until  the 
marketing  approval  has  been  received  from  the  relevant 
regulatory agencies.  

the  capitalization  of 

2.8. Employee Benefits

The  Group’s  employee  benefits  consist  of  short-
term  employee  benefits,  post-employment  benefits 
(defined  contribution  pension  plans)  and  share-based 
compensation. Short-term employee benefits are charged 
to  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  in  the  year 
in  which  the  related  service  is  provided.  Under  defined 
contribution plans, the Group’s contributions are recorded 
as  an  expense  in  the  accounting  period  to  which  they 
relate and the Group does not have any further obligations 
once the contributions have been paid. 

2.9. Share-based Compensation

incentive 
The  options  granted  under  share-based 
programs  are  measured  at  fair  value  at  earlier  of  the 
grant date or the service commencement date, using the 
Black-Scholes  valuation  model.  The  options,  for  which 
the option exercise price is determined later, right before 
the  vesting,  an  estimate  is  used  to  determine  the  fair 
value at service commencement date and the estimate is 
subsequently  revised  until  the  options  become  granted. 
The share-based compensation expense is recognized on 

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ANNUAL REPORT 2023

a straight-line basis over the vesting period together with 
a corresponding increase in equity, based on the Group’s 
estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At 
each reporting date, the Group revises its estimate of the 
number  of  equity  instruments  that  are  expected  to  vest 
and its estimate of the grant date fair value for the options 
with  earlier  service  commencement  date.  The  exercise 
price paid by the option or warrant holder to subscribe the 
Group’s  shares  is  recognized  in  the  reserve  for  invested 
unrestricted equity.

2.10. Loss per Share

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the loss for 
the period with the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares during the period.

Since  the  Group  and  parent  company  have  reported 
losses,  inclusion  of  unexercised  options  would  decrease 
the  loss  per  share  and  therefore  they  are  not  taken  into 
account in diluted loss per share calculation. 

2.11. Income Tax

Income  tax  expense  for  the  period  consists  of  current 
and deferred taxes. Tax is recognized in the statement of 
comprehensive income, except for the income tax effects 
of  items  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  or 
directly  in  equity,  which  is  similarly  recognized  in  other 
comprehensive income or equity. 

Deferred  taxes  are  recognized  using  the 

liability 
method on temporary differences arising between the tax 
bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts 
in the financial statements. Deferred taxes are determined 
using  tax  rates  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  by  the 
balance  sheet  date  in  the  respective  countries  and  are 
expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is 
realised or the deferred tax liability is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the 
extent  that  it  is  probable  that  future  taxable  income  will 
be available, against which the temporary differences, tax 
losses and tax credit can be utilized. 

2.12. Machinery and Equipment

The Group’s machinery and equipment comprise of office 
furniture and equipment, which is stated at historical cost 
less depreciation and any impairment losses. The historical 
cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to 
the acquisition of the machinery and equipment.

Depreciation 

is  calculated  using  the  straight-line 
method over the asset’s estimated useful life of four years. 
Depreciation is recorded to the costs of the asset function.

2.13. Intangible Assets

The  Group’s  intangible  assets  comprise  of  capitalized 
patent  costs  arising  in  connection  with  the  preparation, 
filing and obtaining of patents. Patent costs are amortized 
on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the patents 
of ten years. 

2.14. Impairment of Non-financial Assets

Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are 
reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  there  are  indications 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

An  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the  amount  by 
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount.  The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an 
asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. 
The value in use represents the discounted future net cash 
flows expected to be derived from the asset. 

2.15. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable 
value.  The  cost  includes  all  costs  of  direct  materials 
and  external  services  associated  with  the  process  of 
manufacturing  of  the  goods  sellable  upon  obtaining  the 
regulatory marketing approval. The cost of inventories is 
fully written down.

2.16. Financial Assets

The Group’s financial assets comprise of other receivables 
and  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  which  are  all  classified 
to the category “financial assets measured at amortised 
cost”. These are non-derivative financial assets with fixed 
or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active 
market.  They  are  included  in  current  assets,  except  for 
maturities  greater  than  12  months  after  the  reporting 
date, which are classified as non-current assets. 

Other  receivables  consist  mainly  of  VAT  refund  and 
restricted cash in the form of security deposits for rental 
agreements. Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at 
banks.

2.17. Financial Liabilities

The  Group’s  financial  liabilities  comprise  of  interest-
bearing  borrowings,  trade  payables,  other  non-current 
and  current  liabilities.  The  Group’s  financial  liabilities  are 
divided into two groups: the ones measured at amortized 
cost using the effective interest method and the ones at 
fair value through profit and loss.

Borrowings  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value,  less 
any  directly  attributable  transaction  costs.  Subsequently 
borrowings  are  carried  at  amortized  cost  using  the 
effective 
is 
calculated by taking into account any discount or premium 

interest  method  (EIR).  Amortized  cost 

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ANNUAL REPORT 2023

on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part 
of  the  EIR.    The  EIR  amortization  is  included  as  finance 
costs  in  the  statement  of  profit  or  loss.  Borrowings  are 
presented  as  current  liabilities  unless  the  Group  has  an 
unconditional  right  to  defer  settlement  of  the  liability  for 
at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period. 
Borrowings  are  not  derecognized  until  the  liability  has 
ceased  to  exist,  that  is,  when  the  obligation  identified  in 
a  contract  has  been  fulfilled  or  cancelled  or  is  no  longer 
effective. When an existing financial liability is replaced by 
another  from  the  same  lender  on  substantially  different 
terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially 
modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as 
the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition 
of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying 
amounts is recognized in the statement of profit or loss.

Borrowings comprise of a secured debt by IPF partners 
and  four  government  loans  with  a  below-market  rate  of 
interest from The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology 
and Innovation (“Business Finland”). 

The  grant  component  of  the  gorvernment  loans, 
which  is  the  benefit  of  the  below-market  interest  rate,  is 
measured as the difference between the initial fair value 
of the loan and the proceeds received.

Other  liabilities  consist  of  warrants  issued  as  part 
of  the  IPF  loan  agreement  for  no  consideration  paid. 
The  warrants  meet  the  definition  of  a  derivative  and  are 
therefore  recognized  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss. 
In estimating the fair value of the liability, the Group uses 
market-observable data to the extent it is available.

Fair  value  hierarchy  levels  1  to  3  are  based  on  the 

degree to which the fair value is observable:

 • Level 1 fair value measurements are those  
derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in  
active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

 • Level 2 fair value measurements are those  

derived from inputs other than quoted prices 
included within Level 1 that are observable for  
the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices)  
or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
 • Level 3 fair value measurements are those  

derived from valuation techniques that include 
inputs for the asset or liability that are not based  
on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Where Level 1 inputs are not available, the Group engages 
third  party  qualified  valuers  to  assist  in  preparing  the 
valuation models. 

Trade  payables  and  other  liabilities  are  classified  as 
current  liabilities,  unless  the  Group  has  an  unconditional 
right  to  defer  settlement  of  the  liability  for  at  least  12 
months after the end of the reporting period, in which case 
they  are  classified  as  non-current  liabilities.  The  carrying 

amount  of  trade  payables  and  other  current  liabilities  are 
considered to be the same as their fair values, due to their 
short-term nature. 

2.18. Equity

The  Group’s  equity  comprises  of  share  capital,  reserve 
for  invested  unrestricted  equity  and  accumulated  deficit. 
The  proceeds  from  issuance  of  new  ordinary  shares,  less 
incremental  costs  directly  attributable  to  the  issue,  are 
credited  to  the  reserve  for  invested  unrestricted  equity,  in 
accordance with the terms and conditions of the share issue.  
The  accumulated  deficit  comprises  of  the  accumulated 
profits and losses of the Group since the inception. 

Under  the  Finnish  Limited  Liability  Companies  Act 
(624/2006,  as  amended),  if  the  board  of  directors  of  a 
company  notices  that  the  company  has  negative  equity, 
the  board  must  make  a  register  notification  on  the  loss 
of share capital. However, if the fair value of the assets of 
the Company is otherwise than temporarily notably higher 
than their book value, the difference between the probable 
current price and the book value may be taken into account 
as  an  addition  to  equity.  During  Financial  Period  2023, 
the Board notified that the equity of the Company turned 
negative.  After  having  notified this,  the  Board  decided to 
further assess the equity amount. In this regard, the Board, 
exercising special caution, noted that the fair value of the 
intangible assets related to Traumakine and Bexmarilimab 
is  significantly  higher  than  their  respective  book  values. 
When  making  the  calculations  mandated  by  the  Finnish 
Limited Liability Companies Act, the difference of the book 
and fair value of the assets was taken into account, thus 
the registration has not been filed.

2.19. Leases

The Group as Lessee
The  Group  recognizes  all  leases,  with  the  exception  of 
short-term  (i.e. lease term less than 12 months) and low 
value  leases,  in  line  with  IFRS  16  Leases  as  right-of-use 
assets  with  a  corresponding  lease  liability  at  the  date  at 
which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. 
A  contract  is  or  contains  a  lease  if  the  Group  has  the 
right to control the use of an identified asset for a period 
of time in exchange for consideration. When determining 
the  lease  term,  the  Group  assesses  the  probability  of 
exercising extension and termination options over the non-
cancellable  period  by  considering  all  relevant  facts  and 
circumstances.  Right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities 
are initially recognized on the consolidated balance sheet 
at future fixed lease payments over the lease term. Lease 
payments  are  discounted  to  present  value  using  an 
effective interest rate. Right-of-use assets are depreciated 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term and reviewed 
periodically for indication of impairment. When the future 

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ANNUAL REPORT 2023

lease payments are revised due to changes in index-linked 
considerations or the lease term changes, the right-of-use 
asset and the corresponding lease liability is remeasured. 
Any differences arising on reassessments are recognized 
in the consolidated income statement. Interest expense on 
lease liabilities is presented within Interest expense in the 
consolidated income statement. In the consolidated cash 
flow statement, the principal portion of the lease payment 
is presented in the cash flow from financing activities. 

performed.  The  services  invoiced  by  Contract  Research 
Organizations  consist  of  contributions  of  various 
independent  subcontractors  and 
tasks 
completed may be reported with significant delays.  Also 
the clinical study sites, may invoice their costs with long 
delays.  These  factors  combined  result  in  a  complicated 
task of defining on which period the cost belongs to and 
the Group has implemented a detailed tracking process to 
minimize any judgement needed. 

the  actual 

2.20. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present 
legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, 
it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required 
to  settle  the  obligation,  and  a  reliable  estimate  of  the 
amount can be made. At the year end 2022, the Group had 
recognized  a  provision  on  restructuring.  A  restructuring 
provision is recognized when the Group has developed a 
detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised 
a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out 
the  restructuring  by  starting  to  implement  the  plan  or 
announcing its main features to those affected by it. The 
measurement  of  a  restructuring  provision  includes  only 
the  direct  expenditures  arising  from  the  restructuring, 
which  are  those  amounts  that  are  both  necessarily 
entailed by the restructuring and not associated with the 
ongoing activities of the entity.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises 
from past events and whose existence will be confirmed 
only  by  the  occurrence  of  uncertain  future  events  not 
wholly  within  the  control  of  the  entity.  Such  present 
obligation that probably does not require settlement of a 
payment  obligation  and  the  amount  of  which  cannot  be 
reliably  measured  is  also  considered  to  be  a  contingent 
liability. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the notes to 
the financial statements. 

2.21. Critical Accounting Estimates and Significant 
Management Judgements in Applying Accounting 
Policies

Share-based Compensation
The  Group  and  the  Company  recognizes  expenses  for 
share-based compensation. For share options management 
estimates certain factors used in the option pricing model, 
including volatility, vesting date of options and number of 
options  likely  to  vest.  If  these  estimates  vary  from  actual 
occurrence,  this  will  impact  the  value  of  the  share-based 
compensation. Further details of the Group’s estimation of 
share-based compensation are disclosed in note 17.

Clinical Trial Accruals
Quantification  of  the  accruals  related  the  clinical  trials 
require  a  lot  of  detailed  information  about  the  services 

2.22. New and Amended Standards and  
Interpretations Adopted by the Group

New standards implemented by the Group:
The  Group  has  applied  the  following  amendments  for 
the first time in the annual reporting period commencing  
1 January 2023:

 • Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes: Deferred  
Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from  
a Single Transaction

 • Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial 
Statements, IFRS Practice Statement 2 and  
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting 
Policies and Errors: Disclosure of Accounting 
policies and Definition of Accounting Estimates

The  effect  of  changes  required  by  the  adoption  of  new 
standards,  interpretations  and  amendments  to  existing 
standards  and  interpretations  on  1  January  2023  were 
considered immaterial for the group. 

New standards not yet implemented by the Group:
Certain  new  accounting  standards,  amendments  to 
accounting  standards  and  interpretations  have  been 
published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2023 
reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the 
group. Those include:

 • Supplier finance arrangements – Amendments to 

IAS 7 and IFRS 7

 • Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Exchangeability
 • Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-
current– Amendments to IAS 1 Non-Current 
Liabilities with Covenants – Amendments to IAS 1
 • These standards, amendments or interpretations 
are not expected to have a material impact on the 
entity in the current or future reporting periods  
and on foreseeable future transactions 
The group is monitoring potential changes in  
future accounting standards and assessing any 
impact thereof on a continuing basis.

54

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

3. SEGMENT REPORTING

5. BREAKDOWN OF EXPENSES BY FUNCTION

is  a 

late  clinical  stage  drug  discovery  and 
Faron 
development Group. Its operations have been focused on 
the development of its main drug candidates Traumakine 
and  Bexmarilimab.  The  Group’s  chief  operating  decision 
maker  has  been  identified  as  the  Chief  Executive  Officer 
(CEO).    The  CEO  manages  the  Group  as  one  integrated 
business  and  hence  the  Group  has  one  operating  and 
reportable  segment.  The  Group  had  no  revenue  in  2023 
(EUR 0 thousand in 2022).  All of the Group’s non-current 
assets are located in Finland.

4. OTHER OPERATING INCOME

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023                   

2022

Grant from the European Union

Grant from Business Finland

Grant component of government 

loans

Other income

Total operating income

-

-

-

-

-

526

273

0

4

803

Grant  from  the  European  Union  is  comprised  of  direct 
funding from the European Commission under the Horizon 
2020  research  and  innovation  program  (for  research 
and  technological  development  to  support  the  Matins 
clinical  program).  Grant  from  Business  Finland  is  also 
direct  funding  to  support  Cancer  IO  research.  The  grant 
component of government loans is comprised of indirect 
financial benefit from the below-market interest of a loan 
from Business Finland which  has been granted to finance 
Traumakine  manufacturing.  Those  different  grants  have 
been concluded in 2022. 

The Company had EUR 65 thousand operating income 

in 2023 and 2022 related to intra-group transactions.

Research and Development Expenses

€’000

Materials and services

Employee benefits

Outsourced clinical 
trials services

Drug production

Analytics

Data management

Legal and consulting

IT expenses

IPR expenses

Travelling

Depreciation and amortization

Short term rent and premises

Other R&D costs

Total research and  
development expenses

Year ended 31 December

2023                   

2022

(134)

(3,230)

(3,997)

(8,095)

(1,288)

(260)

(1,731)

(246)

(200)

(74)

(129)

(26)

(133)

(1,372)

(5,200)

(5,112)

(4,361)

(2,237)

(499)

(830)

(170)

(254)

(85)

(214)

(16)

(381)

(19,542)

(20,730)

The  Company  had  lower  research  and  development 
expenses than the group mainly due to employee benefits 
at subsidiaries.

General and Administration Expenses 

€’000

Employee benefits

Communication

Audit fees

Year ended 31 December

2023                   

2022

(5,686)

(4,525)

(481)

(46)

(315)

(83)

Legal and consulting

(1,167)

(1,283)

IT expenses

Travelling

Depreciation and amortization

Short term rent and premises

Other G&A

Total general and  
administrative expenses

(276)

(225)

(217)

(320)

(607)

(257)

(283)

(87)

(114)

(552)

(9,026)

(7,498)

The  Company  had  higher  general  and  administration 
expenses than the group mainly due to compensation of 
services subsidiaries hs provided to the Company.

55

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

6. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

8. FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSES

Year ended 31 December

2023

2022

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023                  

2022

Financial income

Interest income

Other financial income

Gains from foreign exchange

Total	financial	income

230

-

3

233

11

18

67

96

Financial expenses

Interest expenses

(2,166)

(1,362)

Losses from foreign exchange

Interest expenses from lease liabilities

Transaction and structuring fees of 

borrowings

Other financial expenses

4

(1)

(400)

(46)

(23)

(11)

-

(5)

Total	financial	expenses

(2,609)

(1,400)

Total	financial	income	and	 
expenses, net

(2,376)

(1,304)

Interest  expenses  consist  of  paid  and  accrued  interest 
expenses. The interest expense relates mainly to the IPF 
loan  and  Business  of  Finland  loans.  Interest  expenses 
recognised from lease liabilities.

The foreign exchange gains mainly relate to the cash 
balance  denominated  in  US  Dollars  which  strengthened 
against the EUR. Unrealised foreign exchange gain, net is 
EUR 7  thousand for 2023 and EUR 43 thousand for 2022.

€’000

Salaries

Pension expenses – 
contribution-based plans

Social security contributions

(5,540)

(7,153)

(758)

(165)

(822)

(453)

Share-based compensation

(2,453)

(1,297)

Total	employee	benefit	expenses

(8,916)

(9,725)

Employee benefit expenses by function                         

Research and development expenses

 (3,230)

 (5,200)

General and administrative expenses 

(5,686)

(4,525)

Total	employee	benefit	expenses

(8,916)

(9,725)

The  headcount  of  personnel  at  the  end  of  2023  was  34 
(2022:  40).  Share-based  compensation  information  is 
included  in  note  17  and  management  remuneration 
information in note 24.

7. DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023               

2022

Depreciation and amortisation  
by type of asset

Depreciation for right-of-use-assets

Intangible assets - patents

Intangible assets

Machinery and equipment

(149)

(129)

(61)

 (7)

(163)

(99)

(31)

 (7)

Total depreciation and amortisation

(346)

(300)

Depreciation and amortisation by function                        

Research and development expenses

(129)

General and administrative expenses

(217)

Total depreciation and amortisation

(346)

(213)

(87)

(300)

56

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

9. TAX EXPENSE 

€’000

Tax expense

Total tax expense

Year ended 31 December

2023                

2022

-

-

-

-

€’000

2023

2022

Expiry within five years

Expiry within 6-10 years

Total

30,911

20,722

51,633

26,040

30,077

56,117

The  difference  between  income  taxes  at  the  statutory 
tax rate in Finland (20%) and income taxes recognised in 
the statement of comprehensive income is reconciled as 
follows:

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023                 

2022

Loss before tax

(30,944)

(28,730)

Income tax calculated at Finnish 
tax rate 20%

Tax losses and temporary differen-
ces for which no deferred tax asset 
is recognised

Non-deductible expenses, tax-
exempt income and other perma-
nent items

Taxes in the statement of  
comprehensive income

6,189

5,746

(5,950)

(6,587)

(239)

841

-

-

The related deferred tax assets have not been recognised 
in the balance sheet due to the uncertainty as to whether 
they can be utilized. The Group has a loss history, which 
is  considered  a  significant  factor  in  the  consideration  of 
not recognizing deferred tax assets. The total tax value of 
unrecognized deferred tax assets is EUR 29,362 thousand 
(2022: EUR 29,583 thousand).

The Group does not have any other deductible or taxable 
temporary differences. Therefore, no deferred tax assets or 
liabilities  have  been  recognised  in  the  balance  sheet  and 
thus the itemization of deferred taxes is not provided.

10. LOSS PER SHARE

Loss  per  share  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  net  loss  by 
the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 
during the year. 

Tax losses and deductible temporary differences for which 
no deferred assets have been recognised, are as follows:

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023

2022

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023

2022

R&D expenses not yet deducted  
in taxation (1)

Tax losses carried forward (2)

Total

95,179

51,633

91,799

56,117

146,812

147,916

(1)  The  Group  has  incurred  research  and  development 
costs,  which  have  not  yet  been  deducted  in  its  taxation 
in Finland. The amount deferred for tax purposes can be 
deducted over an indefinite period. 

(2) Tax losses carried forward relate to Finland and expire 
over the period of 10 years. The tax losses will expire as 
follows:

Loss for the period

(30,942)

(28,713)

Weighted average number of 
ordinary shares in issue

Basic and dilutive loss  
per share (in €)

65,055,036

55,229,835

(0.48)

(0.52)

As of 31 December 2023, Faron Pharmaceuticals Oy had 
only  share  options  outstanding.  Number  of  potentially 
dilutive 
totaled 
instruments  currently  outstanding 
5,595,966  as  of  31  December  2023  (31  December  2022: 
3,465,816). Since the Group and the Company has reported 
a net loss, the share options would have a further dilutive 
effect and are therefore not taken into account in diluted 
loss per share-calculation. As such, there is no difference 
between basic and diluted loss per share.

57

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND MACHINERY  
AND EQUIPMENT

13. RIGHT-OF-USE-ASSETS AND LEASING 
LIABILITIES

€’000

Intangible 
assets

Machinery
and
equipment

€’000

31 December 
2023

31 Dec
2022

Right-of-use assets

Office & parking places

Total right-of-use assets

Lease liabilities

Long-term leasing liability

Short-term leasing liability

Total leasing liabilities

198

198

50

163

213

314

314

163

153

316

The office premises remained unchanged in 2023. Lease 
contracts  are  valid  until  further  notice  and  thus  lease 
term is estimated reflecting the period when the Group is 
reasonably certain not to terminate the lease. 

Book value on 1 January 2023

1,154

Additions

Disposals

Depreciation/amortisation

Book value 31 December 2023

As at 31 December 2023

Acquisition cost

Accumulated disposals

122

-

(188)

1,088

2,031

-

13

-

- 

(7)

6

27

- 

Accumulated depreciation/amortisation

(943)

(21)

Book value 31 December 2023

1,088

Book value 1 January 2022

Additions

Disposals

Depreciation/amortisation 

Book value 31 December 2022

As at 31 December 2022

Acquisition cost

Accumulated disposals

899

387

-

(132)

1,154

1,910

-

Accumulated depreciation/amortisation

(756)

Book value 31 December 2022

1,154

6

20

-

- 

(7) 

13

57 

- 

(44) 

13

12. NON-CURRENT PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER 
RECEIVABLES

€’000

As at 31 December

2023                   

2022

Other receivables

Total non-current prepayments 
and other receivables

60

60

60

60

Other receivables consist mainly of restricted cash in the 
form of security deposits for rental agreements.

For  the  parent  company,  the  other  receivables  (2023 
EUR  544  thousand)  consist  of  intercompany  loans  that 
are eliminated at the group level.

58

 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

14. CURRENT PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER 
RECEIVABLES

€’000

Prepayments

Other accrued incomes and other receivables

Prepayment for product testing

VAT receivable

 Group                                      Parent

As at 31 December

2023 

1,764

196

-

32

2022 

1,836

332

454

119

2023 

1,761

524

-

32

2022

1,834

439

454

119

Total current prepayments and other receivables

1,992

2,740

2,317

2,845

The majority of prepayments consist of the Clinical Service 
Agreements with Contract Research Organizations, which 
are current service providers in different clinical trials. The 
decrease of the prepayments, other accrued incomes and 
other receivables is due to the recognition of those costs 
as those costs accrued during the period.

15. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

€’000

Bank accounts

Total cash and cash equivalents

 Group                                      Parent

As at 31 December

2023 

2022 

2023 

6,875

6,875

6,990

6,990

6,842

6,842

2022

6,884

6,884

59

 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

16. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Movements in number of shares, share capital and reserve 
for invested unrestricted equity were as follows:

€’000

1 January 2022

Issue of new shares, net of transaction costs

31 December 2022

1 January 2023

Issue of new shares, net of transaction costs

31 December 2023

 Total registered 
shares (pcs) 

Share 
capital 

Reserve for
unrestricted
equity

53,232,032

2,691

116,507

6,573,351

-

13,037

59,805,383

2,691

129,544

59,805,383

2,691

129,544

8,981,316

-

24,808

68,786,699

2,691

154,352

On 6 April 2022, the number of shares was increased to 
53,257,032 following the issue of 25,000 new shares. On 
28  June  2022,  the  number  of  shares  was  increased  to 
55,063,653  following  the  issue  of  1,806,621  new  shares. 
On  5  July  2022,  the  number  of  shares  was  increased  to 
55,263,653 following the issue of 200,000 new shares.  On 
14 October 2022, the number of shares was increased to 
59,805,383 following the issue of 4,541,730 new shares.

On  27  January  2023,  the  number  of  shares  was 
increased  to  63,497,691  shares  following  the  issue  of 
3,692,308  new  shares.  On  12  June  2023,  the  number  of 
shares was increased to 63,559,863 shares following the 
issue of 62,712 new shares. On 28 June 2023, the number 
of  shares  was  increased  to  66,161,373  shares  following 
the issue of 2,601,510 new shares. On 29 June 2023, the 
number of shares was increased to 66,246,522 following 
the issue of 85,149 new shares. On 27 October 2023, the 
number  of  shares  was  increased  to  68,786,699  shares 
following the issue of 2,540,177 new shares.

Faron  Pharmaceuticals  Oy  has  one  class  of  ordinary 
shares. The shares have no par value. Each share entitles 
the holder to one vote at the Annual General Meeting and 
equal dividend. All shares are fully paid. 

The  subscription  price  for  the  shares  is  recorded 
to  the  share  capital,  unless  the  Board  has  made  a 
resolution to record the subscription price in the reserve 
for invested unrestricted equity. If the shares of a Finnish 
limited  liability  company  have  no  par  value  according  to 
its  articles  of  association,  the  Finnish  Limited  Liability 
Companies  Act  allows  companies  the  recognition  of  the 
proceeds from share issuance to the reserve for invested 
unrestricted  equity.  In  such  situations  the  board  of  a 
company  can  choose  on  a  subscription-by-subscription 
basis,  how  much  of  the  issue,  if  anything,  is  recorded  in 
share  capital  and  how  much  to  the  reserve  for  invested 
unrestricted equity that is distributable. During 2022 and 
2023,  the  Company  recognised  all  relevant  transactions  
in the invested unrestricted equity reserve.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

17. SHARE OPTIONS 

Option Plan 2015

The  Option  Plan  2015  was  approved  at  the  Company’s 
extraordinary  shareholders’  meeting  on  15  September 
2015 as part of the Group’s incentive scheme determined 
by  the  Board  of  Directors.  The  share  options  are 
granted  to  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
the  management  team  and  other  management  and 
employees  for  no  consideration.  The  annual  general 
meeting  on  16  May  2017  resolved  to  amend,  due  to  the 
increase  in  the  number  of  employees  in  the  Group  and 
the  increase  in  the  number  of  members  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  the  Option  Plan  so  that  a  maximum  total  of 
500,000  C  options  and  a  maximum  total  of  500,000  D 
options may be offered under initial Option Plan terms and 
conditions.  The  share  options  have  a  service  condition 
and  are  forfeited  in  case  the  employee  leaves  the 
Company before the share options vest, unless the Board 
of Directors approves otherwise. After the beginning of the 
share subscription period, the vested options may be freely 
transferred or exercised. Grant dates for the share options 
may vary depending on the date when the Company and 
the  employees  agree  to  the  key  terms  and  conditions  of 
the Option Plan. The maximum number of share options 
that can be awarded under the Option Plan is 1,800,000 in 
four different tranches designated as A options, B options, 
C  options  and  D  options.  Each  share  option  entitles  the 
holder of the option to subscribe for one ordinary share of 
the Company.

The  exercise  price  for  ordinary  shares  based  on  A 
options  is  euro  equivalent  of  the  Company’s  share 

subscription price in the Company’s initial public offering 
on the AIM marketplace of the London Stock Exchange on 
17 November 2015. The exercise price for ordinary shares 
based  on  B  options,  C  options  and  D  options  is  euro 
equivalent of the exercise price determined based on the 
Company’s  average  share  price  on  the  AIM  marketplace 
during  1  July  -  30  September  2016,  2017  and  2018, 
respectively.

The  extraordinary  general  meeting  2023  resolved 
to  amend  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Option  Plan 
2015  so  that  the  subscription  period  for  shares  based 
on the options is extended by two (2) years, i.e., until 30 
September 2025. The amendment is expected to enhance 
the  usability  of  the  options  and  thereby  significantly 
increase the desired benefits of the incentivisation system 
for  the  management  and  personnel  of  the  Company. 
The  management  has  determined  the  incremental  fair 
value related to the extension of the subscription window 
of  the  2015  Option  Plan.  This  valuation  is  based  on  a 
comparison of the fair value of the instruments before and 
after the modification, using Black-Scholes-Merton model. 
Notably,  as  the  modification  occurred  post-vesting  date, 
the incremental fair value was promptly recognized in the 
financial statements.

Key  characteristics  and  terms  of  the  option  plan  are 

listed in the table below.  

2015 Option Plan

A options

B options

C options

D options

Maximum number of share options

400,000

400,000

500,000  

500,000

Exercise price, EUR

Dividend adjustment

Beginning of
subscription period

3.71

No

2.90

No

8.39 

No

1.09

No

2 November 2015

8 October 2016

8 October 2017

8 October 2018

End of subscription period

30 September 2025*

30 September 2025*

30 September 2025* 30 September 2025*

Vesting conditions

Service until the beginning of the subscription period

(*)The extraordinary general meeting, held on 22 September 2023, resolved to amend the terms and conditions of the Option Plan 2015 so that the 
subscription period for shares based on the options is extended by two (2) years, i.e., until 30 September 2025. 

61

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

2023
2015 Option Plan

2022
2015 Option Plan

Number of share options

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

Outstanding at 1 
January

Granted

Forfeited

Exercised

Outstanding at 31 
December

Exercisable at 31 
December

The weighted average 
fair value of the share 
options granted, EUR

The weighted average 
share price at the date 
of exercise, EUR

385,000

383,900

500,000

320,000

385,000

383,900

500,000

345,000

-

-

-

-

-

45,500

-

-

-

-

-

150,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

25,000

385,000

338,400

500,000

170,000

385,000

383,900

500,000

320,000

385,000

338,400

500,000

170,000

385,000

383,900

500,000

320,000

-

-

-

-

-

3.19

3.19

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.44

Valuation	parameters	for	instruments	modified	during	period

Share price at modification,  EUR

Average Exercise price, EUR

Expected volatility*

Maturity, years

Risk-free rate

Expected dividends, EUR

Valuation model

Incremental Fair Value

Incremental Fair Value
2015 Option Plan

A-D

3.82

4.02

68,0 %

2,0

3,3 %

0

Black-Scholes

1 205 136

(*) Expected volatility was determined as the average volatility of the Company’s share in Nasdaq Helsinki First North Marketplace.

62

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Option Plan 2019

The Option Plan 2019 was approved at the Company’s 
board  of  directors  meeting  on  20  November  2019.  The 
Annual  General  Meeting  on  24  March  2023  resolved  to 
amend the terms and conditions of the Option Plan 2019, 
so  that  a  maximum  total  under  the  2019  Option  Plan  is 
4,350,000 options.  The share options are granted to the 
members  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  Scientific  Advisory 
Board, the management team and other management and 
employees for no consideration. 

The  share  options  have  a  service  condition  and  are 
forfeited in case the employee leaves the Group before the 
share options vest, unless the Board of Directors approves 
otherwise.  After  the  beginning  of  the  share  subscription 
period,  the  vested  options  may  be  freely  transferred 
or  exercised.  The  fair  value  of  the  options  has  been 
determined  using  the  Black  &  Scholes  option  valuation 
model and expensed over the vesting period. Grant dates 
for  the  share  options  may  vary  depending  on  the  date 
when  the  Company  and  the  employees  agree  to  the  key 
terms  and  conditions  of  the  Option  Plan.  The  maximum 
number  of  share  options  has  certain  maximum  limits 

per    certain  person.  The  details  of  the  plan  are  available 
on www.faron.com. Each share option entitles the holder 
of  the  option  to  subscribe  for  one  ordinary  share  of  the 
Company.

The exercise price for ordinary shares based on 2019 
grant options is euro equivalent of the average share price 
at the London AIM list for the past 90 or 30 days prior to 
the grant date. For the GBP to EUR price conversion, the 
exchange rate of the European Central bank on the grant 
date  is  used.  The  weighted  average  exercise  price  for 
ordinary  shares  based  on  Plan  2019  granted  options  in 
2023 is EUR 3.45. 

The  Company’s  Board  has  confirmed  the  grant  of 
a  total  of  813,000  options  under  the  Option  plan  2019 
during 2023. The Options have been allocated under the 
Share  Option  Plan  2019  and  are  exercisable  between  8 
June 2024 and 9 November 2028 vesting 25% per annum 
over a period of four years.

Key  characteristics  and  terms  of  the  option  plan  are 

listed in the table below. 

2019 Option Plan

Maximum number of share options

Exercise price, EUR (weighted average if several grant during the year)

Dividend adjustment

Beginning of first subscription period

End of the last subscription period

Vesting conditions

(*) In 2022, there were three grants
(**) In 2023, there were two grants

2023**

2022*

4,350,000

2,000,000

3.45

No

3.04

No

17 November 2022

17 November 2022

9 November 2028

17 November 2027

Service until the  
beginning of each 
subscription period

Service until the  
beginning of each 
subscription period

63

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

2022–2023
2019 Option Plan

Number of share options

2023

2022

Outstanding at 1 January

Granted

Forfeited

Exercised

Outstanding at 31 December

Exercisable at 31 December

2022–2023
2019 Option Plan

Valuation inputs for instruments granted during period 
(weighted average)

Share price at grant date, EUR

Subscription price, EUR 

Volatility, %(*)

Risk free rate, %

Expected dividends yield, %

Option fair value, EUR

1,876,916

1,337,791

813,000

76,250

-

742,000

202,875

-

2,613,666

1,876,916

904,040

458,374

2023

2022

2.96 - 3.50

2.05 - 3.44

3.35 - 3.77

2.06 - 4.04

65.4

3.1

0

63.92

0.50

0

1.31

1.14 - 2.19

(*) Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company`s share using monthly observations over corresponding maturity.

The  share-based  compensation  expense  for  the  Option 
Plan 2019 was EUR 1,259 thousand (EUR 1,296 thousand 
in 2022).

64

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Group 

Parent 

158

-

(158)

-

158

-

(158)

-

18. PROVISIONS

€’000

At 1 January 2023

Restructuring provision

Utilization of provision

At 31 December 2023

The restructuring provision related to severance payments 
or  other  arrangements  for  employees  leaving  the  Group 
during  2022.  As  at  31  December  2022,  approximately 
60  per  cent  of  the  provision  was  reversed  whereas  the 
remainder of the provision was reversed in January 2023.

19. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

€’000

Financial assets measured at amortised cost

Other receivables(*)

Cash and cash equivalents

Total	financial	assets	measured	at	amortised	cost

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost

Lease liabilities

Account payables

Borrowings in form of Business Finland R&D loans

Borrowings in form of IPF Tranche A

 Group                                      Parent

As at 31 December
2023 

2022 

137

6,990

7,127

316

6,014

3,401

9,557

169

6,842

7,011

213

10,585

3,520

9,383

2022

252

6,884

7,136

316

7,265

3,401

9,557

2023 

72

6,875

6,948

213

8,971

3,520

9,383

Total	financial	liabilities	measured	at	amortised	cost

22,087

19,288

23,701

20,538

Financial liabilities measured at FVTPL (category 2)

Other  liabilities

Total	financial	liabilities	measured	at	FVTPL

895

895

853

853

895

895

853

853

(*) Prepayments are excluded as they are not considered to be financial instruments.

65

 
 
 
 
thousand.  With  respect  to  the  availability  of  additional 
funding from IPF, the respective term allowing the Group 
to  draw  on  Tranche  B  and  Tranche  C  has  expired.  The 
Group does not anticipate, at this time, having the ability 
to draw further funding from IPF.

The  interest  on  Tranche  A  facility  amounted  to  EUR 
1,874  thousand.    The  loan  facility  is  subject  to  financial 
covenants.  The  covenants  measure  the  Group’s  gearing 
ratio and cash runway. Given that some of the inputs to 
the valuation technique rely on unobservable market data, 
loan fair values are classified in Level 3. 

Liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 
primarily represent warrants which entitle IPF to subscribe 
for new ordinary shares in the Company.  The subscription 
price per share is the lower of EUR 1,85 or the subscription 
price per share in any subsequent share offering undertaken 
by the Company. The warrants were issued as part of the 
loan  agreement  in  2022  for  no  consideration  paid  and 
have been treated as a separate financial instrument. On 
initial recognition of the agreement,  the fair value of the 
loan facility was reduced by the structuring fee and other 
fees that are integral part of the loan and by the implicit 
costs of the warrants. On subsequent reporting dates the 
changes  in  fair  value  of  warrants  have  been  accounted 
separately  through  profit  and  loss.  The  warrants  are 
classified  as  Level  2  instruments  and  their  fair  value  is 
determined using techniques whose inputs are based on 
observable market data.

This section sets out an analysis of net debt and the 
movements  in  net  debt  (calculated  as  cash  and  cash 
equivalents  less  borrowings)  for  each  of  the  periods 
presented.

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Borrowings in the Form of Business Finland R&D Loans

loans 

is 
Fair  value  for  the  Business  Finland  R&D 
calculated  by  discounting  estimated  future  cash  flows 
for  the  loans  using  appropriate  interest  rates  at  the 
reporting date. The discount rate considers the risk-free 
interest  rate  and  estimated  margin  for  the  Company’s 
own credit risk. Discounted future cash flows are derived 
from the terms containing the repayment amounts and 
repayment dates for the principal and the cash payments 
for interest. Given that some of the inputs to the valuation 
technique  rely  on  unobservable  market  data,  loan  fair 
values are classified in Level 3. The carrying amount of 
all the Business Finland loans was EUR 3,520 thousand 
(2022 EUR 3,401 thousand).

Business Finland R&D loans are granted to a defined 
product  development  project  and  cover  a  contractually 
defined  portion  of  the  underlying  development  projects’ 
R&D  expenses.  The  below-market  interest  rate  for  these 
loans is the base rate set by the Ministry of Finance minus 
three  (3)  percentage  points,  subject  to  a  minimum  rate 
of  1%.  Repayment  of  these  loans  shall  be  initiated  after 
5  years,  thereafter  loan  principals  shall  be  paid  back  in 
equal instalments over a 5-year period, unless otherwise 
agreed  with  Business  Finland.  For  more  information  on 
contractual maturities of the Business Finland R&D loans 
and  interests  is  provided  in  the  note  20.  The  interest 
on  Business  Finland  R&D  loans  amounted  to  EUR  329 
thousand (2022 EUR 210 thousand).

Loan facilities and related warrant agreements with IPF 

On 28 February 2022, Faron entered into agreement with 
IPF Fund II SCA (IPF), which contained

 • a Euro term loan facility (Tranche A) of up to 10 

million euro,

 • a Euro term loan facility (Tranche  B) of up to 5 

 •

million euro,
the possibility of Faron to request up to an additional 
15 million euro facility (Tranche C), subject to IPFs 
approval process and certain conditions to be met,
 • Faron to issue warrants to IPF as part of the loan 
agreement, based on the amount drawn in the 
above facilities.

The first tranche (Tranche A) of EUR 10 million was drawn 
down upon signing the agreements in 2022. Faron pays 
cash  interest  on  drawn  amounts  of  the  above  facilities 
plus  a  pay-in-kind  interest  (PIK)  for  drawn  amounts  in 
Tranche  A.  In  addition,  Faron  has  paid  a  structuring 
fee  of  the  committed  facility  on  the  utilization  date  of 
the  respective  facility.  Tranche  A  has  been  measured 
at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method. 
The  carrying  amount  of  the  Tranche  A  was  EUR  9,383 

66

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

€’000

Cash and cash equivalents

Lease liabilities

IPF Tranche A

Business Finland R&D loans

Net debt

 Group                                      Parent

As at 31 December

2023 

2022 

2023 

6,875

(213)

(9,383)

(3,520)

(6,241)

6,990

(316)

(9,557)

(3,401)

(6,284)

6,842

(213)

(9,383)

(3,520)

(6,274)

2022

6,884

(316)

(9,557)

(3,401)

(6,390)

€’000

Borrowings 

Lease  
liabilities

Other  
liabilities

Total

Opening balance as at 1 Jan 2022

Financing cash flows

Fair value adjustments

New lease liability

Other movements (*)

Balance as at 31 Dec 2022

Financing cash flows

Fair value adjustments

Other movements (*)

Balance as at 31 Dec 2023

(*) Other changes include reversals, interest accruals and payments.

3,347

10,119

(513)

12,953

(692)

637

12,898

200

(116)

232

316

(142)

39

213

151

853

(151)

853

42

3,698

10,003

853

232

(664)

14,123

(834)

42

676

895

14,007

20. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

(a) Capital Management and Liquidity Risks 

This section applies to The Group and  the Company. The 
operations  of  the  Group  expose  it  to  financial  risks.  The 
main risk that the Group is exposed to is liquidity risk, with 
capital management being another important area given 
the  nature  of  the  Group’s  operations  and  its  financing 
structure.  The  Group’s  financial 
risk  management 
principles  focus  on  obtaining  funding  and  managing 
into  consideration  the  unpredictability 
capital  taking 
of  the  financial  markets  with  the  aim  at  minimizing  any 
undesired  impacts  on  the  Group’s  financial  performance 
and  position.  The  Board  of  Directors  define  the  general 
risk  management  principles  and  approve  operational 
guidelines  concerning  specific  areas  including  but  not 
limited to liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk, interest rate 
risk, credit risk, the use of any derivatives and investment 
of the Group’s liquid assets. 

The  Group’s  objective  when  managing  capital  is  to 
safeguard  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern (refer to note 2.2). 

Significant financial resources are required to advance 
the  drug  development  programs  into  commercialized 
pharmaceutical  products.  The  Group  relies  on  its  ability 
to fund the operations of the Group through three major 
sources  of  financing  –  equity  financing,  research  and 
development grants and loans, venture debt and licensing 
agreements. 

The  Company  has  been  able  to  fund  its  operations 
with  equity,  grants,  debt  and  R&D  loans.  While  equity 
financing  has  generally  been  available  in  the  past,  there 
can be no assurance that sufficient funds can be secured 
in  order  to  permit  the  Group  to  carry  out  its  planned 
activities. In general, capital market conditions are volatile. 

67

 
 
FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

The  prevailing  financial  market  situation  and  overall 
investor  sentiment  dictate  whether  the  Group  is  able  to 
secure  additional  financing  in  the  future,  which  can  be 
considered  a  risk.  To  partly  manage  this  risk,  the  Group 
and its management is in constant dialogue with financial 
investors,  investment  banks,  debt  providers  and  other 
market participants.

The Group also relies on different sources of financing 
and  research  and  development  grants  and  loans.  These 
funds, which are provided through regional, national or EU 
level  institutions,  have  been  historically  available  to  the 
Group. The Group strictly complies with all rules and legal 
obligations  pertaining  to  these  funding  programs  and  is 
in  regular  contact  with  the  funding  agencies  providing 
these.  Availability  of  such  funds  in  the  future  cannot  be 
guaranteed  and  thus  this  poses  a  potential  risk  to  the 
Group’s funding in the future.

Finally  entering 

licensing  agreements  with 

into  potential  commercialization, 
collaboration  and 
larger 
pharmaceutical  companies  entitles  the  Group  to  receive 
up-front  and  milestone  payments  related  to  agreed 
regulatory  or  commercial  points,  as  well  as  royalty 
payments  once  commercialization  has  been  successful. 
Activities 
in  the  area  of  business  development  are 
targeted  at  securing  such  agreements.  Consideration  of 

these  activities  is  part  of  the  management’s  duties  and 
is  monitored  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  ultimately 
decides on entering into such agreements.  

There  can  be  no  assurance  that  sufficient  financing 
can be secured in order to permit the Group to carry out 
its  planned  activities.  To  protect  the  continuity  of  the 
Group’s  operations,  sufficient  liquidity  and  capital  has  to 
be maintained. The Group aims to have funds to finance 
its  operations  for  the  foreseeable  future.  The  Group  can 
influence  “somewhat”  as  the  ability  to  impact  on  cash 
runway  with  cost  management  is  limited  the  amount  of 
capital  by  adapting  its  cost  basis  considering  available 
financing. Management monitors liquidity on the basis of 
the amount of funds. These are reported to the Board of 
Directors on a monthly basis. 

The  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  approves 
the  operational  plans  and  budget  and  monitors  the 
implementation of these plans and the financial status of 
the Group on a monthly basis. 

As  at  31  December  2023,  the  contractual  maturity 
of  non-derivative  liabilities  excluding  other  payables  and 
accruals was as follows. The Company had additional EUR 
1,464 thousand (EUR 1 264 thousand as at 31 December   
2022) trade payables to subsidiaries:

€’000

2024

2025

2026

2027- 
thereafter

Total

Borrowings

Trade payables

Lease liabilities

Total

4,371

8,971

163

4,177

4,277

4,132

16,958

-

50

-

-

-

-

8,971

213

13,505

4,227

4,277

4,132

26,141

As at 31 December 2022, the contractual maturity of non-
derivative liabilities and interests excluding other payables 
and accruals was as follows. Trade payable are presented 
to align with 2023 presentation:

€’000

2023

2024

2025

2026- 
thereafter

Total

Borrowings

Trade payables

Lease liabilities

Total

68

1,892

6,014

169

8,075

4,300

4,419

7,975

18,586

-

169

-

-

-

-

6,014

338

4,469

4,419

7,975

24,938

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

(b) Market Risk 

21. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

€’000

FV of warrants 

Advance received 

Total non-current liabilities

As at 31 December

2023                   

2022

895

-

895

853

-

853

The  fair  value  of  warrants  issued  to  IPF  (see  note  19)  is 
recognized in Other liabilities.

i. Foreign Exchange Risk 
The Group operates internationally but is mainly exposed 
to  translation  risk 
in  respect  of  US  Dollar  (“USD”) 
denominated  cash  and  cash  equivalents  balances. 
The  Group’s  policy  is  not  to  hedge  translation  risk.  As 
of  31  December  2023,  the  Group  had  cash  and  cash 
equivalents  of  EUR  6,460  thousand,  USD  342  thousand, 
CHF 2 thousand and GBP 90 thousand (2022: EUR 6,862 
thousand,  GBP  7  thousand,  CHF  27  thousand  and  USD 
109 thousand) and the foreign exchange gains and losses 
recorded  arise  mainly  from  the  USD  cash  balances.  The 
Group is not exposed to significant transaction risk, as the 
Group mainly operates in EUR. 

ii. Interest Rate Risk 
The Group’s interest rate risk arises from the IPF Tranche 
A  loan  and  Business  Finland  R&D  loans.  IPF  Tranche  A 
interest  consists  of  cash  interest  (margin  and  3  months  
EURIBOR) and payment in kind interest accrued over the 
repayment period. 

Business Finland R&D loans, which interest is the base 
rate  defined  by  the  Finnish  Ministry  of  Finance  minus 
three (3) percentage points, is subject to a minimum rate 
of 1%. During the periods presented, the interest has been 
below  the  minimum  level  and  the  Group  has  paid  the 
minimum interest of 1% on the loans.  During the periods 
presented,  the  Group  has  not  been  exposed  to  material 
variable interest  rate risk  and accordingly the Group has 
not entered into derivative contracts.

(c) Credit and Counterparty Risk 

The Group works with partners and financial institutions 
with  good  credit  ratings.  Management  monitors  credit 
ratings  of  the  financial  institutions  that  hold  the  Group’s 
bank deposits regularly. 

69

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

22. TRADE PAYABLES AND OTHER CURRENT 
LIABILITIES

€’000

Account payables

Clinical trial site fees

Accrued payroll

Accrued general and administration

Other liabilities and accruals

Total

 Group                                      Parent

As at 31 December

2023

8,971

794

1,718

114

550

2022

5,142

621

1,841

195

667

2023

10,585

794

1,567

109

352

2022

6,385

621

1,490

195

551

12,147

8,467

13,407

9,243

23. CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS

24. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Operating Lease – Faron as a Lessee 

The  future  aggregate  minimum  lease  payments  under 
non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

€’000

No later than 1 year

Later than 1 year and  
no later than 5 years

Later than 5 years

Year ended 31 December

2023

2022

54

-

-

70

1

-

The  Group’s  operating  lease  commitments  comprise  of 
lease commitments for machines and equipment with low 
value leases of 3 to 4 years. The Group’s operating leases 
are  non-cancellable  and  they  do  not  include  redemption 
or  extension  options.  Contingencies  and  commitments 
liabilities do not include lease liabilities that are recognised 
as lease liabilities on the balance sheet.

Contractual Contingencies 
The  Group  has  a  contingent  contractual  liability  to  a 
development  party  for  Bexmarilimab  to  pay  additional 
milestone  payments.  The  remaining  milestone  becomes 
payable upon the Group receiving a certain amount of Net 
Sales for Bexmarilimab.

Parent and subsidiary relations of Faron Pharmaceuticals 
Group on 31 December 2023:

Country

Group
holding 
% 

Group 
voting
%

Companies owned by  
the parent company

Faron Europe GmbH      Switzerland

Faron USA LLC                         

USA

100

100

100

100

At the end of period, the Company has EUR 491 thousand 
in long term receivables from subsidiaries, which contains 
intercompany  loans  and  the  interests  associated  with 
them. The parent Company trade payables to subsidiaries 
at the end of the period were EUR 1,464 thousand. 

During the period the profit and loss relevant bookings 
are EUR 11 thousand  for the interest of the intercompany 
loans, management fee charges to subsidiaries of EUR 33 
thousand and the invoices for administrative services by 
the subsidiaries of EUR 2,167 thousand.

The Group identifies the following related parties: 

 • Members of the Board of Directors, and their close 

family members; and 

 • Company’s key Management team and their close 

family members

The  Company  has  not  had  interests  in  other  entities  as 
at, and for the years ended, December 31, 2023 and 2022. 

70

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Key Management Personnel 

Management and Board Shareholding

The Company’s key management personnel consist of the 
following: 

Management(*) shareholding, 31 December 2023

Number of shares (pcs)

Shareholding, percentage

Board(**) shareholding, 31 December 2023  
(excluding the shareholding of CEO)

Number of shares (pcs)

Shareholding, percentage

Total number of shares 
outstanding at  
31 December 2023 (pcs)

5,319,934 

7.73% 

94,836

0.14 %

68,786,699

(*) Presented information for the Management includes the executive 
directors of the Board 
(**) Presented information for the Board includes only non-executive 
directors.

Transactions with Related Parties 

There are no additional related party transactions during 
2022 and 2023 than already disclosed.

 • Members of the Board of Directors 
 • Management team, including CEO

€’000

Year ended 31 December

2023

2022

Compensation of key  
management personnel(*)

Salaries and other short-term 
employee benefits

Post-employment benefits

Share-based payments 

Total

2,929

134

1,409

4,472

2,374

260

801

3,435

(*) Presented information for the Management includes the executive 
directors of the Board 

The  Management  team  was  awarded  211,000  share 
options  during  2023  (2022:  230,000  share  options).  At 
the  end  of  the  2023,  the  number  of  outstanding  options 
and shares granted to the Management team amounted 
to  888,270  share  options  (at  the  end  of  2022:  1,003,936  
share options). 

Non-executive Directors were awarded 220,000 share 
options during 2023, (2022: 120,000 share options). At the 
end of 2023, the number of outstanding options and share 
options granted to the non-executive directors amounted 
to  800,000  share  options  (at  the  end  of  2022:  770,000 
share options). 

71

between the Investors, the Company and IPF), then the 
Loan  shall  be  at  the  request  of  the  Investor  converted 
into new shares in the Company in connection with the 
Due Date. In such case, the subscription price per share 
shall be EUR 1.50 per share. However, if then the Investor 
elects  not  to  exercise  its  conversion  right  on  the  Due 
Date,  (such  option  being  only  available  if  there  has  not 
been any Investment Round), the Due Date of the Loan 
will  automatically  be  extended  until  31  December  2024 
(“Final Due Date”). On such Final Due Date, the Loan shall 
be either repaid in full in cash, subject to the terms of the 
subordination agreement, or converted into new shares 
in the Company with the subscription price of EUR 1.50 
per  share,  subject  to  a  valid  share  issue  authorization 
being in place.
          In  case  the  Loan  is  converted  before  the  Due  Date, 
each  Investor  is  entitled  to  an  arrangement  fee  of  15% 
of  its  respective  Loan  amount.  If  conversion  has  not 
taken  place  prior  to  the  Due  Date,  the  arrangement  fee 
will  be  30%  of  the  Investor’s  respective  Loan  amount. 
No interest shall be payable on the Loan if a conversion 
takes  place  before  30  May  2024,  and  thereafter  the 
interest will be 12% + 3-months Euribor and paid subject 
to the subordination agreement.
        On  March  12,  2024,  Faron  is  in  compliance  with  all 
financial covenants as agreed in the waiver letter.

Result and Dividends

The  Company’s  comprehensive  loss  for  the  period  was 
31,093,581  Euro  (2022:  28,924,250  Euro).  The  Board  of 
Directors  proposes  to  the  Annual  General  Meeting  2024 
not to pay dividend.

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

25. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

As  announced  by  the  Group  on  19  February  2024,  the 
Company was in breach of several undertakings agreed 
in  the  Facilities  agreement  with  IPF,  and  as  a  result 
of  such  Events  of  Default,  IPF  blocked  the  Group’s 
bank  accounts  which  are  pledged  to  IPF.  Since  the 
announcement,  the  Group  has  negotiated  and  received 
€3,2 million convertible loans from existing shareholders 
(in  Finnish  pääomalaina)  to  secure  immediate  short-
term  financing  needs  until  the  end  of  March  2024 
(Capital Loan). On 8 March 2024, the Group received the 
proceeds  on  the  EUR  3,2  million  of  commitments  and 
regained control of its bank accounts from IPF. Receipt 
of the EUR 3.2 million pursuant to the secures immediate 
short-term financing needs until the end of March 2024. 
The  Company  continues  active  endeavors  and  is  in 
discussions  to  secure  additional  short  and  longer-term 
financing  needs,  including  additional  short  term  bridge 
financing of approximately EUR 5,0 million, to continued 
compliance with the Facilities Agreement.
      The  Capital  Loans  are  fully  subordinated  to  the 
Facilities Agreement. As part of the Waiver the minimum 
cash  covenant  was  lowered  to  EUR  4,5  million  until  30 
April 2024 and thereafter returns to the previously agreed 
level  (higher  of:  EUR  6.0  million  or  three  months  cash 
runway). In accordance with the Waiver, the Group shall 
issue to IPF additional special rights which entitle them 
to  subscribe  for  new  ordinary  shares  in  the  Company 
(“Warrants”), with an exercise price equal to the volume-
weighted  average  price  of  the  Group’s  share  during 
the  three  trading  days  preceding    the  warrantholder 
agreement  (“Strike  Price”).  The  number  of  Warrants  is 
calculated  by  dividing  10%  of  the  original  loan  amount 
(EUR  10  million)  by  the  Strike  Price.  The  Warrants  are 
exercisable  for  a  period  of  seven  years.  The  Company 
and  IPF  also  agreed  on  certain  amendments  to  the  fee 
structure under the Facilities Agreement.
          The  Loans  shall  be  converted  to  new  shares  in  the 
Company  as  a  part  of  (and  at  the  subscription  price 
of)  the  next  investment  round  where  shares  or  other 
equity securities are issued by the Company to existing 
shareholders  and/or  new  third-  party  investors,  with  a 
minimum size of EUR 8 million (“Investment Round”).
In  the  event  that  the  subscription  price 
in  such 
Investment  Round  exceeds  EUR  1.50  per  share,  an 
Investor shall have the right to postpone the conversion 
of the Loan until 10 June 2024 (“Due Date”). In the event 
that  there  is  no  Investment  Round  by  the  Due  Date  (or 
the subscription price of the Investment Round exceeds 
EUR  1.50  per  share  and  the  respective  Investor  has 
decided to postpone the conversion of the Loan) and the 
Loan has not been otherwise repaid prior to the Due Date 
(subject to a subordination agreement to be entered into 

72

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

BOARD SIGNATURES

Turku, 12 March 2024

Frank Armstrong
Chairman

Markku Jalkanen
CEO

Erik Ostrowski                                                 

John Poulos

Tuomo Pätsi                                                     

Marie-Louise Fjällskog

Christine Roth                                                

THE AUDITOR’S NOTE

A report on the audit performed has been issued today

Helsinki, 12 March 2024
PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy
Authorised Public Accountants

Panu Vänskä
Authorised Public Accountant (KHT)                                             

73

FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

1 (3) 

Auditor’s Report (Translation of the Finnish Original) 

To the Annual General Meeting of Faron Pharmaceuticals Oy 

Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements  

Opinion 
In our opinion the financial statements give a true and fair view of the group’s and the parent company’s financial 
position, financial performance and cash flows in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the 
EU and comply with statutory requirements. 

What we have audited 
We have audited the financial statements of Faron Pharmaceuticals Oy (business identity code 2068285-4 ) for 
the year ended 31 December, 2023. The financial statements comprise the group’s and the parent company’s 
balance sheet, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, statement of cash flows and 
notes, which include material accounting policy information and other explanatory information 

Basis for Opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with good auditing practice in Finland. Our responsibilities under good 
auditing practice are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
section of our report. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion.  

Independence 
We are independent of the parent company and of the group companies in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are applicable in Finland and are relevant to our audit, and we have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern 
We draw attention to note 2.2 Going concern in the financial statements. Because the additional finance is not 
committed at the date of issuance of these financial statements, this fact together with other matters stated in the 
notes, indicates that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the group’s and the parent 
company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion has not been modified in respect of this matter. 

Responsibilities of the Board of Directors and the Managing Director for the Financial 
Statements 
The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for the preparation of financial statements that 
give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU and comply with 
statutory requirements. The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are also responsible for such internal 
control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the financial statements, the Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for 
assessing the parent company’s and the group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, 

PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy, Authorised Public Accountants, P.O. Box 1015 (Itämerentori 2), FI-00101 HELSINKI 
Phone +358 20 787 7000, www.pwc.fi   
Reg. Domicile Helsinki, Business ID 0486406-8 

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

2 (3) 

matters relating to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting. The financial statements are 
prepared using the going concern basis of accounting unless there is an intention to liquidate the parent company 
or the group or to cease operations, or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with good auditing practice will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements 
can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could 
reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial 
statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with good auditing practice, we exercise professional judgment and maintain 
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

• 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or 
error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement 
resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, 
intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are 

appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
parent company’s or the group’s internal control.  

•  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates 

and related disclosures made by management. 

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of the Board of Directors’ and the Managing Director’s use of the going 

concern basis of accounting and based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists 
related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the parent company’s or the group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw 
attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures 
are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the 
date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the parent company or the 
group to cease to continue as a going concern. 

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, 
and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events so that the financial 
statements give a true and fair view. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business 

activities within the group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible 
for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit 
opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and 
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we 
identify during our audit. 

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FARON PHARMACEUTICALS OY

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

3 (3) 

Other Reporting Requirements  

Other Information  
The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for the other information. The other 
information comprises the information included in the Annual Report 2023, but does not include the financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon.  

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our 
knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of the other 
information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Helsinki 12 March 2024 

PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy 
Authorised Public Accountants 

Panu Vänskä 
Authorised Public Accountant (KHT) 

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Faron Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Joukahaisenkatu 6, 20520 Turku Finland
Phone: +358 2 469 5151
Fax: +358 2 469 5152
Email: info@faron.com