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Golden Minerals Company

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Employees 201-500
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FY2017 Annual Report · Golden Minerals Company
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2017 Form 10-K

350 Indiana Street, Suite 800
Golden, Colorado 80401
303-839-5060

www.goldenminerals.com

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

TO(cid:3)OUR(cid:3)SHAREHOLDERS:(cid:3)

In(cid:3)February(cid:3)2018(cid:3)we(cid:3)reported(cid:3)a(cid:3)new(cid:3)mineralized(cid:3)material(cid:3)estimate(cid:3)at(cid:3)El(cid:3)Quevar(cid:3)of(cid:3)2.6(cid:3)million(cid:3)
tonnes(cid:3)at(cid:3)an(cid:3)average(cid:3)silver(cid:3)grade(cid:3)of(cid:3)487(cid:3)grams(cid:3)per(cid:3)tonne(cid:3)(“gpt”),(cid:3)in(cid:3)a(cid:3)potentially(cid:3)underground(cid:3)minable(cid:3)
configuration(cid:3)that(cid:3)would(cid:3)be(cid:3)processed(cid:3)by(cid:3)flotation(cid:3)at(cid:3)a(cid:3)cutoff(cid:3)grade(cid:3)of(cid:3)250(cid:3)gpt(cid:3)silver*.(cid:3)This(cid:3)resource(cid:3)grade(cid:3)
is(cid:3)among(cid:3)the(cid:3)highest(cid:3)reported(cid:3)grades(cid:3)for(cid:3)a(cid:3)silver(cid:3)resource(cid:3)of(cid:3)this(cid:3)size(cid:3)worldwide.(cid:3)We(cid:3)are(cid:3)evaluating(cid:3)plans(cid:3)
for(cid:3)further(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)drilling(cid:3)to(cid:3)increase(cid:3)the(cid:3)size(cid:3)of(cid:3)high(cid:882)grade(cid:3)silver(cid:3)resources(cid:3)near(cid:3)the(cid:3)Yaxtché(cid:3)deposit(cid:3)
following(cid:3)up(cid:3)on(cid:3)several(cid:3)previously(cid:3)drilled(cid:3)intercepts(cid:3)with(cid:3)similar(cid:3)grades,(cid:3)and(cid:3)plan(cid:3)to(cid:3)continue(cid:3)to(cid:3)advance(cid:3)
El(cid:3)Quevar,(cid:3)including(cid:3)completing(cid:3)a(cid:3)Preliminary(cid:3)Economic(cid:3)Assessment(cid:3)(“PEA”)(cid:3)in(cid:3)2018,(cid:3)within(cid:3)the(cid:3)limits(cid:3)of(cid:3)
our(cid:3)current(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)budget.(cid:3)We(cid:3)have(cid:3)been(cid:3)encouraged(cid:3)by(cid:3)the(cid:3)recent(cid:3)improvements(cid:3)in(cid:3)Argentina’s(cid:3)
economic(cid:3)and(cid:3)political(cid:3)climates,(cid:3)and(cid:3)in(cid:3)August(cid:3)2017(cid:3)engaged(cid:3)AMEC(cid:3)Foster(cid:3)Wheeler(cid:3)(now(cid:3)Wood(cid:3)Group(cid:3)
PLC)(cid:3)to(cid:3)undertake(cid:3)an(cid:3)analysis(cid:3)and(cid:3)re(cid:882)modeling(cid:3)project(cid:3)at(cid:3)our(cid:3)El(cid:3)Quevar(cid:3)silver(cid:3)property(cid:3)located(cid:3)in(cid:3)Salta(cid:3)
Province.(cid:3)Wood(cid:3)Group(cid:3)re(cid:882)modeled(cid:3)the(cid:3)existing(cid:3)(June(cid:3)2012,(cid:3)RPMGlobal)(cid:3)Yaxtché(cid:3)silver(cid:3)resource(cid:3)using(cid:3)an(cid:3)
improved(cid:3)geologic(cid:3)model(cid:3)and(cid:3)a(cid:3)higher(cid:3)cutoff(cid:3)grade(cid:3)for(cid:3)silver,(cid:3)resulting(cid:3)in(cid:3)a(cid:3)higher(cid:3)grade(cid:3)but(cid:3)somewhat(cid:3)
smaller(cid:3)resource(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)core(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)previously(cid:882)defined(cid:3)Yaxtché(cid:3)deposit.(cid:3)(cid:3)

During(cid:3)2017(cid:3)Golden(cid:3)Minerals(cid:3)generated(cid:3)cash(cid:3)inflows(cid:3)of(cid:3)$9.7(cid:3)million(cid:3)that(cid:3)enabled(cid:3)us(cid:3)to(cid:3)add(cid:3)to(cid:3)our(cid:3)
cash(cid:3)position(cid:3)while(cid:3)simultaneously(cid:3)furthering(cid:3)our(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)programs(cid:3)in(cid:3)Mexico(cid:3)and(cid:3)Argentina.(cid:3)We(cid:3)are(cid:3)
pleased(cid:3)to(cid:3)have(cid:3)ended(cid:3)2017(cid:3)with(cid:3)$3.3(cid:3)million(cid:3)in(cid:3)cash(cid:3)(compared(cid:3)to(cid:3)$2.6(cid:3)million(cid:3)in(cid:3)2016),(cid:3)and(cid:3)still(cid:3)with(cid:3)
zero(cid:3)debt.(cid:3)In(cid:3)August(cid:3)2017,(cid:3)we(cid:3)received(cid:3)$2.0(cid:3)million(cid:3)from(cid:3)Hecla(cid:3)Mining(cid:3)Company(cid:3)for(cid:3)an(cid:3)option(cid:3)to(cid:3)extend(cid:3)
their(cid:3)lease(cid:3)of(cid:3)our(cid:3)oxide(cid:3)plant(cid:3)at(cid:3)the(cid:3)Velardeña(cid:3)Properties(cid:3)for(cid:3)a(cid:3)period(cid:3)of(cid:3)up(cid:3)to(cid:3)two(cid:3)additional(cid:3)years,(cid:3)
consisting(cid:3)of(cid:3)$1.0(cid:3)million(cid:3)cash(cid:3)and(cid:3)$1.0(cid:3)million(cid:3)gross(cid:3)($0.9(cid:3)million(cid:3)net)(cid:3)for(cid:3)the(cid:3)purchase(cid:3)of(cid:3)1.8(cid:3)million(cid:3)
shares(cid:3)of(cid:3)Golden(cid:3)Minerals(cid:3)common(cid:3)stock.(cid:3)The(cid:3)lease(cid:3)generated(cid:3)an(cid:3)additional(cid:3)$4.5(cid:3)million(cid:3)in(cid:3)net(cid:3)operating(cid:3)
margin(cid:3)for(cid:3)our(cid:3)company(cid:3)during(cid:3)2017.(cid:3)Since(cid:3)its(cid:3)inception(cid:3)in(cid:3)mid(cid:882)2015,(cid:3)we(cid:3)have(cid:3)recorded(cid:3)over(cid:3)$9.3(cid:3)million(cid:3)
in(cid:3)net(cid:3)operating(cid:3)margin(cid:3)related(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)Hecla(cid:3)lease,(cid:3)and(cid:3)it(cid:3)continues(cid:3)to(cid:3)be(cid:3)a(cid:3)primary(cid:3)source(cid:3)of(cid:3)revenue(cid:3)to(cid:3)
us(cid:3)until(cid:3)we(cid:3)can(cid:3)re(cid:882)initiate(cid:3)production.(cid:3)Hecla(cid:3)has(cid:3)secured(cid:3)the(cid:3)right(cid:3)to(cid:3)use(cid:3)our(cid:3)oxide(cid:3)mill(cid:3)through(cid:3)December(cid:3)
2020.(cid:3)

We(cid:3)received(cid:3)an(cid:3)additional(cid:3)$3.3(cid:3)million(cid:3)in(cid:3)cash(cid:3)during(cid:3)2017(cid:3)from(cid:3)several(cid:3)transactions(cid:3)including(cid:3)a(cid:3)

refund(cid:3)of(cid:3)Value(cid:3)Added(cid:3)Tax(cid:3)payments(cid:3)made(cid:3)in(cid:3)Argentina,(cid:3)sales(cid:3)of(cid:3)excess(cid:3)mining(cid:3)equipment(cid:3)and(cid:3)non(cid:882)
strategic(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)properties,(cid:3)issuing(cid:3)common(cid:3)stock(cid:3)under(cid:3)our(cid:3)ATM(cid:3)program,(cid:3)and(cid:3)the(cid:3)farm(cid:3)out(cid:3)of(cid:3)
several(cid:3)non(cid:882)strategic(cid:3)mineral(cid:3)claims.(cid:3)

These(cid:3)cash(cid:3)inflows(cid:3)were(cid:3)used(cid:3)to(cid:3)support(cid:3)the(cid:3)company’s(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)programs(cid:3)to(cid:3)continue(cid:3)to(cid:3)
grow(cid:3)Golden(cid:3)Minerals’(cid:3)business(cid:3)in(cid:3)Mexico(cid:3)and(cid:3)Argentina.(cid:3)In(cid:3)March(cid:3)2017,(cid:3)we(cid:3)issued(cid:3)a(cid:3)positive(cid:3)PEA(cid:3)and(cid:3)
Canadian(cid:3)NI(cid:3)43(cid:882)101(cid:3)technical(cid:3)report(cid:3)for(cid:3)our(cid:3)Santa(cid:3)Maria(cid:3)silver(cid:3)and(cid:3)gold(cid:3)property(cid:3)in(cid:3)Chihuahua,(cid:3)Mexico.(cid:3)
The(cid:3)report,(cid:3)prepared(cid:3)by(cid:3)engineering(cid:3)firm(cid:3)Tetra(cid:3)Tech,(cid:3)contemplated(cid:3)a(cid:3)38(cid:882)month(cid:3)underground(cid:3)mining(cid:3)
operation(cid:3)at(cid:3)a(cid:3)mining(cid:3)rate(cid:3)of(cid:3)200(cid:3)tonnes(cid:3)per(cid:3)day(cid:3)(“tpd”)(cid:3)and(cid:3)custom(cid:3)milling(cid:3)at(cid:3)a(cid:3)local(cid:3)third(cid:882)party(cid:3)flotation(cid:3)
mill.(cid:3)In(cid:3)August(cid:3)2017,(cid:3)we(cid:3)acquired(cid:3)three(cid:3)additional(cid:3)claims(cid:3)covering(cid:3)the(cid:3)eastward(cid:3)extension(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)Santa(cid:3)
Maria(cid:3)vein,(cid:3)and(cid:3)shortly(cid:3)thereafter(cid:3)began(cid:3)a(cid:3)new(cid:3)drill(cid:3)program(cid:3)testing(cid:3)extensions(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)vein(cid:3)deposit,(cid:3)with(cid:3)

(cid:3)
*(cid:3)The(cid:3)above(cid:3)estimate(cid:3)reflects(cid:3)mineralized(cid:3)material(cid:3)in(cid:3)accordance(cid:3)with(cid:3)the(cid:3)SEC’s(cid:3)Industry(cid:3)Guide(cid:3)7(cid:3)and(cid:3)is(cid:3)equivalent(cid:3)
here(cid:3)to(cid:3)only(cid:3)the(cid:3)sulfide(cid:3)portion(cid:3)of(cid:3)Measured(cid:3)and(cid:3)Indicated(cid:3)mineral(cid:3)resources(cid:3)as(cid:3)prepared(cid:3)in(cid:3)accordance(cid:3)with(cid:3)the(cid:3)
requirements(cid:3)of(cid:3)NI(cid:3)43(cid:882)101.(cid:3)(cid:3)
(cid:3)

the(cid:3)goal(cid:3)of(cid:3)expanding(cid:3)the(cid:3)existing(cid:3)estimate(cid:3)of(cid:3)mineralized(cid:3)material(cid:3)to(cid:3)improve(cid:3)the(cid:3)overall(cid:3)economics(cid:3)
reported(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)PEA.(cid:3)We(cid:3)completed(cid:3)this(cid:3)drill(cid:3)program(cid:3)in(cid:3)February(cid:3)2018,(cid:3)with(cid:3)4,850(cid:3)meters(cid:3)drilled(cid:3)in(cid:3)22(cid:3)
holes.(cid:3)All(cid:3)assays(cid:3)have(cid:3)now(cid:3)been(cid:3)received(cid:3)and(cid:3)we(cid:3)are(cid:3)reviewing(cid:3)the(cid:3)results(cid:3)and(cid:3)plan(cid:3)to(cid:3)update(cid:3)the(cid:3)existing(cid:3)
PEA(cid:3)and(cid:3)mineralized(cid:3)material(cid:3)estimate.(cid:3)(cid:3)

In(cid:3)February(cid:3)2018,(cid:3)we(cid:3)amended(cid:3)the(cid:3)earn(cid:882)in(cid:3)agreement(cid:3)on(cid:3)our(cid:3)Celaya(cid:3)property(cid:3)to(cid:3)permit(cid:3)Electrum(cid:3)

to(cid:3)earn,(cid:3)at(cid:3)its(cid:3)option,(cid:3)an(cid:3)additional(cid:3)20(cid:3)percent(cid:3)interest(cid:3)in(cid:3)the(cid:3)project(cid:3)in(cid:3)exchange(cid:3)for(cid:3)a(cid:3)payment(cid:3)of(cid:3)$1.0(cid:3)
million.(cid:3)Electrum(cid:3)can(cid:3)now(cid:3)increase(cid:3)its(cid:3)total(cid:3)interest(cid:3)to(cid:3)80(cid:3)percent(cid:3)by(cid:3)contributing(cid:3)100(cid:3)percent(cid:3)of(cid:3)the(cid:3)$2.5(cid:3)
million(cid:3)of(cid:3)additional(cid:3)expenditures(cid:3)during(cid:3)the(cid:3)second(cid:3)three(cid:882)year(cid:3)earn(cid:882)in(cid:3)period.(cid:3)To(cid:3)date,(cid:3)Electrum(cid:3)has(cid:3)
reported(cid:3)completing(cid:3)12,400(cid:3)meters(cid:3)of(cid:3)drilling(cid:3)in(cid:3)15(cid:3)holes(cid:3)in(cid:3)their(cid:3)ongoing(cid:3)drill(cid:3)program.(cid:3)Results(cid:3)show(cid:3)
intercepts(cid:3)of(cid:3)epithermal(cid:3)quartz(cid:3)vein(cid:3)mineralization(cid:3)with(cid:3)grades(cid:3)for(cid:3)gold(cid:3)and(cid:3)silver(cid:3)that(cid:3)warrant(cid:3)further(cid:3)
drill(cid:3)testing.(cid:3)While(cid:3)we(cid:3)are(cid:3)pleased(cid:3)with(cid:3)the(cid:3)results(cid:3)from(cid:3)the(cid:3)ongoing(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)at(cid:3)Celaya,(cid:3)and(cid:3)while(cid:3)the(cid:3)
project(cid:3)holds(cid:3)excellent(cid:3)potential(cid:3)to(cid:3)host(cid:3)a(cid:3)deposit(cid:3)of(cid:3)interesting(cid:3)magnitude,(cid:3)the(cid:3)cost(cid:3)of(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)at(cid:3)the(cid:3)
depths(cid:3)involved(cid:3)is(cid:3)high(cid:3)and(cid:3)we(cid:3)prefer(cid:3)to(cid:3)defer(cid:3)our(cid:3)possible(cid:3)participation(cid:3)until(cid:3)later(cid:3)when(cid:3)the(cid:3)risk(cid:3)is(cid:3)
reduced.(cid:3)This(cid:3)payment(cid:3)received(cid:3)enables(cid:3)us(cid:3)to(cid:3)advance(cid:3)our(cid:3)other(cid:3)projects(cid:3)that(cid:3)are(cid:3)most(cid:3)likely(cid:3)to(cid:3)add(cid:3)value(cid:3)
rapidly(cid:3)to(cid:3)our(cid:3)shareholders.(cid:3)

During(cid:3)2018(cid:3)Golden(cid:3)Minerals(cid:3)plans(cid:3)to(cid:3)focus(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)efforts(cid:3)primarily(cid:3)on(cid:3)advancing(cid:3)our(cid:3)El(cid:3)

Quevar(cid:3)silver(cid:3)project(cid:3)and(cid:3)on(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)and(cid:3)evaluation(cid:3)activities(cid:3)in(cid:3)Argentina(cid:3)and(cid:3)Mexico.(cid:3)Our(cid:3)quickest(cid:3)
potential(cid:3)paths(cid:3)to(cid:3)profitable(cid:3)production(cid:3)are(cid:3)still(cid:3)in(cid:3)Mexico,(cid:3)either(cid:3)from(cid:3)processing(cid:3)ore(cid:3)in(cid:3)our(cid:3)now(cid:3)idle(cid:3)
flotation(cid:3)mill(cid:3)at(cid:3)Velardeña(cid:3)assuming(cid:3)we(cid:3)can(cid:3)identify(cid:3)a(cid:3)source(cid:3)of(cid:3)mineral(cid:3)production(cid:3)that(cid:3)could(cid:3)be(cid:3)
economic(cid:3)in(cid:3)today’s(cid:3)silver(cid:3)price(cid:3)environment,(cid:3)or(cid:3)from(cid:3)a(cid:3)future(cid:3)positive(cid:3)production(cid:3)decision(cid:3)at(cid:3)Santa(cid:3)Maria(cid:3)
using(cid:3)a(cid:3)local(cid:3)flotation(cid:3)mill(cid:3)on(cid:3)a(cid:3)contract(cid:3)basis.(cid:3)The(cid:3)new(cid:3)high(cid:882)grade(cid:3)resource(cid:3)we(cid:3)reported(cid:3)recently(cid:3)at(cid:3)El(cid:3)
Quevar(cid:3)is(cid:3)transformative(cid:3)for(cid:3)the(cid:3)company(cid:3)and(cid:3)holds(cid:3)strong(cid:3)potential(cid:3)to(cid:3)deliver(cid:3)a(cid:3)meaningful(cid:3)increase(cid:3)in(cid:3)
value(cid:3)to(cid:3)our(cid:3)shareholders.(cid:3)We(cid:3)will(cid:3)continue(cid:3)to(cid:3)move(cid:3)El(cid:3)Quevar(cid:3)forward(cid:3)as(cid:3)possible(cid:3)without(cid:3)dilutive(cid:3)
financing(cid:3)and(cid:3)while(cid:3)balancing(cid:3)investment(cid:3)between(cid:3)Argentina(cid:3)and(cid:3)Mexico(cid:3)as(cid:3)warranted(cid:3)by(cid:3)the(cid:3)results(cid:3)of(cid:3)
our(cid:3)ongoing(cid:3)exploration(cid:3)programs.(cid:3)

At(cid:3)our(cid:3)May(cid:3)17,(cid:3)2018(cid:3)annual(cid:3)shareholder(cid:3)meeting,(cid:3)Mr.(cid:3)Ian(cid:3)Masterton(cid:882)Hume(cid:3)will(cid:3)be(cid:3)retiring(cid:3)from(cid:3)

the(cid:3)board(cid:3)of(cid:3)Golden(cid:3)Minerals(cid:3)where(cid:3)he(cid:3)has(cid:3)served(cid:3)since(cid:3)the(cid:3)company’s(cid:3)formation(cid:3)in(cid:3)2009.(cid:3)The(cid:3)board(cid:3)
appreciates(cid:3)Mr.(cid:3)Hume’s(cid:3)service(cid:3)and(cid:3)dedication(cid:3)to(cid:3)the(cid:3)company(cid:3)and(cid:3)we(cid:3)wish(cid:3)him(cid:3)the(cid:3)very(cid:3)best(cid:3)in(cid:3)his(cid:3)
future(cid:3)pursuits.(cid:3)

We(cid:3)continue(cid:3)in(cid:3)our(cid:3)mission(cid:3)to(cid:3)maximize(cid:3)value(cid:3)through(cid:3)responsible(cid:3)silver(cid:3)and(cid:3)gold(cid:3)production(cid:3)and(cid:3)

exploration(cid:3)success,(cid:3)and(cid:3)would(cid:3)like(cid:3)to(cid:3)take(cid:3)this(cid:3)opportunity(cid:3)to(cid:3)thank(cid:3)you(cid:3)(cid:882)(cid:3)our(cid:3)shareholders,(cid:3)board(cid:3)
members,(cid:3)employees(cid:3)and(cid:3)others(cid:3)(cid:882)(cid:3)for(cid:3)your(cid:3)continued(cid:3)support.(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)

(cid:3)

Yours(cid:3)sincerely,(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

Warren(cid:3)M.(cid:3)Rehn(cid:3)(cid:3)
President(cid:3)and(cid:3)Chief(cid:3)Executive(cid:3)Officer(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

CAUTIONARY INFORMATION 
The information in this Annual Report to Stockholders was current as of March 2, 2018 and has been updated by subsequent press 
releases and filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 
The information in this Annual Report to Stockholders contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. 
Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and under applicable Canadian securities laws, including
statements related to our expectations regarding the oxide plant lease, including the expected term, anticipated revenues, and potential 
future  tailings  expansion;  the  El  Quevar  project,  including  timing  and  expectations  of  evaluation  activities;  the  Santa  Maria  property, 
including  the  preliminary  economic  assessment  results  (including  life  of  mine  and  production  expectations),  and  other  expectations 
regarding the project, including future drilling plans, timing of initial drill results, expansion potential for the existing deposit and general 
cost expectations; the Rodeo property, including the Company’s general evaluation plans and cost expectations; the Celaya property, 
including farm-out terms and possible future drill testing; the Mogotes property, including future drilling plans and evaluation activities; our 
financial  outlook  in  2018,  including  anticipated  income  and  expenditures  during  the  year;  expected  need  for  external  financing  and
statements concerning our financial condition, business strategies and business and legal risks.  These statements are subject to risks 
and uncertainties that are described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which is
bound with and included in this Annual Report to Stockholders. 

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO U.S. INVESTORS CONCERNING ESTIMATES OF MEASURED, INDICATED AND INFERRED RESOURCES 
The  information  in  this  Annual  Report  to  Stockholders  uses  the  terms  “measured  resources,”  “indicated  resources”  and  “inferred 
resources” which are defined in, and required to be disclosed by, Canadian National Instrument NI 43-101 (“NI 43-101”). We advise U.S. 
Investors  that  these  terms  are  not  recognized  by  the  SEC.  The  estimation  of  measured  and  indicated  resources  involves  greater 
uncertainty  as  to  their  existence  and  economic  feasibility  than  the  estimation  of  proven  and  probable  reserves.  U.S.  Investors  are 
cautioned  not  to  assume  that  measured  or  indicated  mineral  resources  will  be  converted  into  reserves.  The  estimation  of  inferred
resources involves far greater uncertainty as to their existence and economic viability than the estimation of other categories of resources. 
U.S.  Investors  are  cautioned  not  to  assume  that  estimates  of  inferred  mineral  resources  exist,  are  economically  minable,  or  will  be 
upgraded into measured or indicated mineral resources. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a resource is permitted disclosure under 
Canadian regulations, however the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC 
standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures. Accordingly, the information contained in this Annual Report 
to Stockholders may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies that are not subject to NI 43-101. 

(cid:3)

UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K 

(Mark One)

(cid:95) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 

(cid:134) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 

OR 

For the transition period from          to           

Commission file number 1-13627

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY 
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) 

DELAWARE
(State of Incorporation or Organization)

350 Indiana Street, Suite 800 
Golden, Colorado 
(Address of principal executive offices)

26-4413382
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

80401 
(Zip Code)

(303) 839-5060
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value

Name of each exchange on which registered 
NYSE American 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes (cid:134)  No (cid:95)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes (cid:134)  No (cid:95)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the 

preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 
90 days. Yes (cid:95)  No (cid:134)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be 

submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to submit and post such files). Yes (cid:95)  No (cid:134)

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of 

registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (cid:134)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the 

definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer (cid:1407)       Accelerated filer (cid:1407)        Non accelerated filer  (cid:1407)        Smaller reporting company (cid:1409)         Emerging growth company (cid:134)
                                                                                       (Do not check if a smaller 
                                                                                        reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or 

revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  (cid:1407)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes (cid:134)  No (cid:95)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchanges Act 

of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes (cid:95)  No (cid:134)

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2017 was approximately $26,478,366, based on the 

closing price of the registrant’s common stock of $0.56 per share on the NYSE American on June 30, 2017. For the purpose of this calculation, the registrant has assumed 
that its affiliates as of June 30, 2017 included all directors and officers and one shareholder that held approximately 46% of its outstanding common stock. The number of 
shares of common stock outstanding on February 27, 2018 was 91,929,709. 

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with 

the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

    
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY 
FORM 10-K 
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 

INDEX 

PART I

ITEM 1 AND 
ITEM 2
ITEM 1A
ITEM 1B
ITEM 3
ITEM 4

BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES……………………………………………………...………..
RISK FACTORS…………………………………………………………..………………..…..
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS………………………………………………………...
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS……………………………………………………………………….
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES………………………………………………………………

PART II 

ITEM 5

ITEM 6
ITEM 7

ITEM 8
ITEM 9

ITEM 9A
ITEM 9B

PART III 

ITEM 10
ITEM 11
ITEM 12

ITEM 13

ITEM 14

PART IV 

ITEM 15
ITEM 16 

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER 
MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES………………………..
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA…………………………………………
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS………………………………………………………………….
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA…………………………….
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING 
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE……………………………………………………………..
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES…………………………………………………………….
OTHER INFORMATION………………………………………………………………………

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE……………
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION………………………………………………………………
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT 
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS………………………………………………
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE……………………………………………………………………………….
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES………………………………...………

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES………………………………………
PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OR REPORT……………………………………………..

EXHIBITS 
SIGNATURES

PAGE

9
33
46
46
46

47
48

49
58

58
59
59

60
60

60

60
60

61
62

62
66

2

References to “Golden Minerals, the “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us” mean Golden Minerals Company, its 
predecessors and consolidated subsidiaries, or any one or more of them, as the context requires. Many of the terms used 
in our industry are technical in nature. We have included a glossary of some of these terms below.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some information contained in or incorporated by reference into this annual report on Form 10-K may contain 
forward-looking  statements  and  forward-looking  information  (collectively,  “forward-looking  statements”)  within  the 
meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other applicable securities laws. We 
use  the  words  “anticipate,”  “continue,”  “likely,”  “estimate,”  “expect,”  “may,”  “could,”  “will,”  “project,”  “should,” 
“believe”  and  similar  expressions  (including  negative  and  grammatical  variations)  to  identify  forward-looking 
statements.  These statements include comments relating to our plans, expectations and assumptions concerning the oxide 
plant  lease,  including  the  expected  term,  anticipated  revenues,  and  potential  future  tailings  expansion;  the  El  Quevar 
project, including timing and expectations of evaluation activities; the Santa Maria property, including the PEA results 
(including life of mine and production expectations), and other expectations regarding the project, including future drilling 
plans, timing of initial drill results, expansion potential for the existing deposit and general cost expectations; the Rodeo 
property, including the Company’s general evaluation plans and cost expectations; the Celaya property, including farm-
out terms and possible future drill testing; the Mogotes property, including future drilling plans and evaluation activities; 
our financial outlook in 2018, including anticipated income and expenditures during the year; expected need for external 
financial and statements concerning our financial condition, business strategies and business and legal risks. Although we 
believe the expectations and assumptions reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure 
you that these expectations and assumptions will prove to be correct. Our actual results could differ materially from those 
expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors described in this annual report on 
Form 10-K, including: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

Lower revenue than anticipated from the oxide plant lease, which could result from delays or problems 
at the third party's mine or at the oxide plant, permitting problems at the third party's mine or the oxide 
plant,  delays  in  constructing  additional  tailings  capacity  at  the  oxide  plant,  earlier  than  expected 
termination of the lease or other causes;  

Higher than anticipated care and maintenance costs at the Velardeña Properties in Mexico or at El Quevar 
in Argentina;  

Continued decreases or insufficient increases in silver and gold prices; 

Whether we are able to raise the necessary capital required to continue our business on terms acceptable 
to  us  or  at  all,  and  the  likely  negative  effect  of  continued  low  silver  and  gold  prices  or  unfavorable 
exploration results;   

Unfavorable results from exploration at the Santa Maria, Rodeo, Yoquivo, Mogotes or other exploration 
properties and whether we will be able to advance these or other exploration properties;  

Risks related to the El Quevar project in Argentina, including unfavorable results from our evaluation 
activities, the feasibility and economic viability and unexpected costs of maintaining the project, and 
whether we will be able to find a joint venture partner or secure adequate financing to further advance 
the project;  

Variations in the nature, quality and quantity of any mineral deposits that are or may be located at the 
Velardeña Properties or the Company's exploration properties, changes in interpretations of geological 
information, and unfavorable results of metallurgical and other tests;  

3

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

Whether  we  will  be  able  to  mine  and  sell  minerals  successfully  or  profitably  at  any  of  our  current 
properties at current or future silver and gold prices and achieve our objective of becoming a mid-tier 
mining company;  

Potential delays in our exploration activities or other activities to advance properties towards mining 
resulting  from  environmental  consents  or  permitting  delays  or  problems,  accidents,  problems  with 
contractors, disputes under agreements related to exploration properties, unanticipated costs and other 
unexpected events;  

Our ability to retain key management and mining personnel necessary to successfully operate and grow 
our business; 

Economic and political events affecting the market prices for gold, silver, zinc, lead and other minerals 
that may be found on our exploration properties;  

Political and economic instability in Mexico, Argentina, and other countries in which we conduct our 
business  and  future  actions  of  any  of  these  governments  with  respect  to  nationalization  of  natural 
resources or other changes in mining or taxation policies;  

Volatility in the market price of our common stock; and  

The factors set forth under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this annual report on Form 10-K. 

Many  of  these  factors  are beyond our  ability  to  control or  predict. Although we believe  that  the  expectations 
reflected  in  our  forward-looking  statements  are  based  on  reasonable  assumptions,  such  expectations  may  prove  to  be 
materially incorrect due to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. You should not unduly rely on any of our forward-
looking statements. These statements speak only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K. Except as required by 
law, we are not obligated to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or 
developments. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us and persons acting on our 
behalf are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this section and elsewhere in this annual 
report on Form 10-K. 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING MINERALIZED MATERIAL 

“Mineralized  material”  as  used  in  this  annual  report  on  Form 10-K,  although  permissible  under  the  United  States 
Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Industry Guide 7, does not indicate “reserves” by SEC standards. We 
cannot be certain that any deposits at the Velardeña Properties, the El Quevar, Santa Maria or Rodeo properties or any 
deposits at our other exploration properties, will ever be confirmed or converted into SEC Industry Guide 7 compliant 
“reserves”. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the disclosed mineralized material estimates will 
ever be confirmed or converted into reserves or that mineralized material can be economically or legally extracted. In 
addition, in this annual report on Form 10-K we also modify our estimates made in compliance with National Instrument 
43-101  to  conform  to  SEC  Industry  Guide  7  for  reporting  in  the  United  States.  Mineralized  material  is  substantially 
equivalent to measured and indicated mineral resources (exclusive of reserves) as disclosed for reporting purposes in 
Canada, except that the SEC only permits issuers to report “mineralized material” in tonnage and average grade without 
reference to contained ounces.

4

CONVERSION TABLE

In this annual report on Form 10-K, figures are presented in both United States standard and metric 

measurements. Conversion rates from United States standard measurement systems to metric and metric to United States 
standard measurement systems are provided in the table below. All currency references in this annual report on Form 10-
K are to United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated. 

U.S. Unit 
1 acre 
1 foot 
1 mile 
1 ounce (troy) 
1 ton 

U.S. Measure 

     Metric Unit       
1 hectare 
1 meter 

     Metric Measure 
0.4047 hectares
0.3048 meters
1.609 kilometers 1 kilometer   0.62 miles
31.103 grams
0.907 tonnes

  2.47 acres
  3.28 feet

1 gram 
1 tonne 

  0.032 ounces (troy)
  1.102 tons

GLOSSARY OF SELECTED MINING TERMS

“Base Metal” means a classification of metals usually considered to be of low value and higher chemical activity 
when compared with the precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, etc.). This nonspecific term generally refers to the high-
volume, low-value metals copper, lead, tin, and zinc. 

“Breccia” means rock consisting of fragments, more or less angular, in a matrix of finer-grained material or of 

cementing material. 

“Calcareous Clastic” means sedimentary rock composed of siliciclastic particles usually of conglomerate, sand, 

or silt-size and cemented by calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. 

“Claim” means a mining interest giving its holder the right to prospect, explore for and exploit minerals within 

a defined area. 

“Concentrates” means the clean product of ore or metal separated from its containing rock or earth by froth 

flotation or other methods of mineral separation. 

“Concession” means a grant or lease of a tract of land made by a government or other controlling authority in 

return for stipulated services or a promise that the land will be used for a specific purpose. 

“Core Drill” means a rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock and is recovered in long cylindrical sections, 

two centimeters or more in diameter. 

“Deposit” means an informal term for an accumulation of minerals. 

“Development Stage” means a project with an established resource, not in production, engaged in the process of 

additional studies preparing for completion of a feasibility study or for commercial extraction. 

“Diorite”  means  a grey  to  dark  grey  intermediate  intrusive  igneous rock  composed principally  of plagioclase 

feldspar (typically andesine), biotite, hornblende, and/or pyroxene. 

“Epithermal Calcite-Quartz” means deposits, typically occurring in veins, of calcite-quartz from hydrothermal 

fluids at shallow depths under conditions in the lower ranges of temperature and pressure. 

“Euhedral” means a well-developed degree of which mineral grains show external crystal faces (fully crystal-

faced).

5

 
“Exploration Stage” means a project that is not yet in either the Development Stage or Production Stage. 

“Feasibility Study” means an engineering study designed to define the technical, economic, and legal viability 

of a mining project with a high degree of reliability. 

“Flotation” means the separating of finely crushed minerals from one another by causing some to float in a froth 
and others to remain in suspension in the pulp. Oils and various chemicals are used to activate, make floatable, or depress 
the minerals. 

“Formation” means a distinct layer of sedimentary rock of similar composition. 

“Fracture System” means a set or group of contemporaneous fractures related by stress. 

“Grade” means the metal content of ore, usually expressed in troy ounces per ton (2,000 pounds) or in grams per 

ton or metric tonnes which contain 2,204.6 pounds or 1,000 kilograms. 

 “Laramide Orogeny” means a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late 

Cretaceous age, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. 

“Mineralization” means the concentration of metals within a body of rock. 

“Mineralized  Material”  means  a  mineralized  body  that  has  been  defined  by  appropriate  drilling  and/or 
underground sampling to establish continuity and support an estimate of tonnage and an average grade of the selected 
metals. 

“Mining” means the process of extraction and beneficiation of mineral reserves or mineral deposits to produce a 
marketable metal or mineral product. Exploration continues during the mining process and, in many cases, mineral reserves 
or mineral deposits are expanded during the life of the mine activities as the exploration potential of the deposit is realized.

“Monzodiorite”  means  coarse-grained  igneous  rock  consisting  of  essential  plagioclase  feldspar,  orthoclase 
feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, with plagioclase being the dominant feldspar making up 6% to 
90% of the total feldspar and varying from oligoclase to andesine in composition. The presence of the orthoclase feldspar 
distinguishes this rock from a diorite. 

“National Instrument 43-101” or “NI 43-101” means the standards of disclosure for mineral projects prescribed 

by the Canadian Securities Administrators. 

“Net  Smelter  Return  Royalty”  means  a  defined  percentage  of  the  gross  revenue  from  a  resource  extraction 

operation, less a proportionate share of transportation, insurance, and processing costs. 

“Open Pit” means a mine working or excavation open to the surface. 

“Ore” means material containing minerals that can be economically extracted. 

“Outcrop” means that part of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the earth. 

“Oxide” means mineralized rock in which some of the original minerals have been oxidized (i.e., combined with 

oxygen). 

6

“Precious  Metal”  means  any  of  several  relatively  scarce  and  valuable  metals,  such  as  gold,  silver,  and  the 

platinum-group metals. 

“Preliminary Economic Assessment” or “PEA” means a study, other than a pre-Feasibility or Feasibility Study, 

that includes an economic analysis of the potential viability of mineral resources. 

“Probable Mineral Reserves” means mineral reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed 
from information similar to that used for Proven Mineral Reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement 
are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for Proven 
Mineral Reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation. 

“Production Stage” means a project that is actively engaged in the process of extraction and beneficiation of 

mineral reserves or mineral deposits to produce a marketable metal or mineral product. 

“Proven  Mineral  Reserves”  means  mineral  reserves  for  which  (a) quantity  is  computed  from  dimensions 
revealed  in  outcrops,  trenches,  workings  or  drill  holes;  grade  and/or  quality  are  computed  from  the  results  of  detailed 
sampling and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so 
well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well established. 

“Reclamation” means the process of returning land to another use after mining is completed. 

“Recovery” means that portion of the metal contained in the ore that is successfully extracted by processing, 

expressed as a percentage. 

“Mineral Reserves” means that part of a mineral deposit that could be economically and legally extracted or 

produced at the time of mineral reserve determination. 

“Sampling” means selecting a fractional part of a mineral deposit for analysis. 

“Sediment”  means  solid  fragmental  material  that  originates  from  weathering  of  rocks  and  is  transported  or 
deposited by air, water, or ice, or that accumulates by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation from solution or 
secretion by organisms, and that forms in layers on the earth’s surface at ordinary temperatures in a loose, unconsolidated 
form. 

“Sedimentary” means formed by the deposition of Sediment. 

“Silver Equivalent” means silver and gold only, with gold converted to silver equivalents at a 70 to 1 ratio. 

“Skarn” means a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed by the contact metamorphism of carbonate rock often 

containing garnet, pyroxene epodite and wollastonnite. 

“Stock” means discordant igneous intrusion having a surface exposure of less than 40 square miles. 

“Sulfide” means a compound of sulfur and some other element. 

“Tailings Pond” means a low-lying depression used to confine tailings, the prime function of which is to allow 
enough time for heavy metals to settle out or for cyanide to be destroyed before water is discharged into the local watershed. 

“Tertiary” means the first period of the Cenozoic Era (after the Cretaceous of the Mesozoic Era and before the 

Quaternary) thought to have covered the span of time between 2 to 3 million years ago and 65 million years ago. 

7

“Vein” means a fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have traveled upwards from some deep 

source.

“Waste” means rock lacking sufficient grade and/or other characteristics of ore. 

8

ITEMS 1 AND 2:  BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES

Overview

PART I

We are a mining company holding a 100% interest in the Velardeña and Chicago precious metals mining 

properties and associated oxide and sulfide processing plants in the State of Durango, Mexico (the “Velardeña 
Properties”), the El Quevar advanced exploration silver property in the province of Salta, Argentina, and a diversified 
portfolio of precious metals and other mineral exploration properties located primarily in or near historical precious 
metals producing regions of Mexico. The Velardeña Properties and the El Quevar advanced exploration property are our 
only material properties. 

          We remain focused on evaluating and searching for mining opportunities in North America (including Mexico) 
with near term prospects of mining, and particularly for properties within reasonable haulage distances of our Velardeña 
processing  plants.  We  are  also  reviewing  strategic  opportunities,  focusing  primarily  on  development  or  operating 
properties in North America, including Mexico. We are also focused on evaluation activities at our El Quevar exploration 
property in Argentina, and are continuing our exploration efforts on selected properties in our portfolio of approximately 
10  exploration  properties  located  primarily  in  Mexico.  Our  management  team  is  comprised  of  experienced  mining 
professionals with extensive expertise in mineral exploration, mine construction and development, and mine operations. 
Our principal office is located in Golden, Colorado at 350 Indiana Street, Suite 800, Golden, CO 80401, and our registered 
office is the Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, DE 19801. We also maintain an office at the 
Velardeña Properties in Mexico and exploration offices in Argentina and Mexico.

No Proven or Probable Mineral Reserves/Exploration Stage Company

We  are  considered  an  exploration  stage  company  under  the  SEC  criteria  since  we  have  not  demonstrated  the 
existence of proven or probable mineral reserves at our Velardeña Properties or any of our other properties. In SEC Industry 
Guide 7, the SEC defines a “reserve” as that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted 
or produced at the time of the reserve determination. Proven or probable mineral reserves are those reserves for which 
(a) quantity is computed and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are spaced so closely that the geologic 
character is defined and size, shape and depth of mineral content can be established (proven) or the sites are farther apart 
or  are  otherwise  less  adequately  spaced  but  high  enough  to  assume  continuity  between  observation  points  (probable). 
Mineral  reserves  cannot  be  considered  proven  or  probable  unless  and  until  they  are  supported  by  a  feasibility  study, 
indicating  that  the  mineral  reserves  have  had  the  requisite  geologic,  technical  and  economic  work  performed  and  are 
economically and legally extractable. 

Prior to suspending mining and processing at the Velardeña Properties in November 2015, we had revenues from 
the sale of silver, gold, lead and zinc products from the Velardeña and Chicago mines. We have not completed a feasibility 
study with regard to all or a portion of any of our properties to date. Any mineralized material discovered or extracted by 
us  should  not  be  considered  proven  or  probable  mineral  reserves.  As  of  December 31,  2017,  none  of  our  mineralized 
material met the definition of proven or probable mineral reserves. We expect to remain an exploration stage company for 
the  foreseeable  future,  even  though  we  were  extracting  and  processing  mineralized  material.  We  will  not  exit  the 
exploration stage until such time, if ever, that we demonstrate the existence of proven or probable mineral reserves that 
meet the guidelines under SEC Industry Guide 7. 

Company History

We  were  incorporated  in  Delaware  under  the  Delaware  General  Corporation  Law  in  March 2009.  From 
March 2009 through September 2011, we focused on the advancement of our El Quevar silver project in Argentina. On 
September 2, 2011, we completed a business combination transaction with ECU Silver Mining Inc. (“ECU”) and now own 

9

the Velardeña and Chicago silver, gold and base metals  mines located in the Velardeña mining district in the State of 
Durango, Mexico as further described below under “—Velardeña Properties”. Since the business combination with ECU, 
we have focused primarily on the further advancement and improvement of the Velardeña Properties, as well as identifying 
and establishing other mining opportunities with near term prospects. 

Corporate Structure

Golden Minerals Company, headquartered in Golden, Colorado, is the operating entity through which we conduct 
our business. Following our September 2, 2011 business combination, ECU became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Golden 
Minerals, and two of ECU’s wholly-owned Mexican subsidiaries hold the assets and rights associated with the Velardeña 
Properties. We have a number of other wholly-owned subsidiaries organized throughout the world, including in Mexico, 
Central  America,  South  America,  the  Caribbean  and  Europe.  We  generally  hold  our  exploration  rights  and  properties 
through subsidiaries organized in the countries in which our rights and properties are located. 

Our Competitive Strengths and Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to establish Golden Minerals as a mid-tier precious metals mining company focused in 

Mexico and Argentina. We also review strategic opportunities from time to time. 

Velardeña  Properties.    Due  to  continuing  net  operating  losses,  we  suspended  mining  and  sulfide  processing 
activities at the Velardeña Properties during the first half of November 2015 in order to conserve the future value of the 
asset. We have placed the mine and sulfide processing plant on care and maintenance to enable a re-start of either the mine 
or  the  mill  when  mining  and  processing  plans  and  metals  prices  support  a  cash  positive  outlook  for  the  property.  We 
retained a core group of employees, most of whom have been assigned to operate the oxide plant, which is leased to a third 
party and not affected by the shutdown. 

In July 2015 we entered into a leasing agreement with Minera Hecla, S.A. de C.V. (“Hecla”), a Mexican 

corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company, to lease our Velardeña oxide plant for an initial 
term of 18 months beginning July 1, 2015. The lease agreement contained several lease extension options, and in the 
third quarter 2016, the lease was extended through June 2017. The 2016 extension included an agreement under which 
Hecla would construct, at its cost, certain tailings expansion facilities to accommodate Hecla's increased use of tailings 
capacity in excess of an agreed amount, while preserving flexibility for future tailings expansions. The tailings expansion 
work began in early 2017 and is now completed. The parties agreed that Hecla would either leave unused at the end of 
the lease term an agreed amount of capacity in the expanded tailings facility, or construct an additional expansion at its 
cost. In connection with their agreement regarding tailings impoundment expansions, the parties agreed that Hecla had 
the right to extend the lease for an additional 18 months following June 30, 2017, or until December 31, 2018. On March 
24, 2017, Hecla exercised its right to extend the lease until December 31, 2018. 

On August 2, 2017, we granted Hecla an option to extend the lease for an additional period of up to two years 
ending no later than December 31, 2020 (the “Extension Period”) in exchange for a $1.0 million cash payment and the 
purchase of $1.0 million, or approximately 1.8 million shares, of our common stock issued at a price of $0.55 per share 
(the “Hecla Share Issuance”), which was the undiscounted 30-day volume weighted average stock price at the time of the 
option agreement. Hecla must exercise the option to extend the lease no later than October 3, 2018. All of the fixed fees 
and throughput related charges remain the same as under the original lease. Similar volume limitations apply to any 
required future tailings expansions, which Hecla will fund, leaving unused at the end of the lease term an agreed amount 
of capacity in the expanded tailings facility. Hecla will have the right to terminate the lease during the Extension Period 
for any reason with 120 days’ notice. Hecla will also have a one-time right of first refusal to continue to lease the plant 
following a termination notice through December 31, 2020 if we decide to use the oxide plant for our own purposes 
before December 31, 2020.

10 

Hecla is responsible for ongoing operation and maintenance of the oxide plant. During the year ended December 
31, 2017, Hecla processed approximately 131,000 tonnes of material through the oxide plant, resulting in total revenues 
to us of approximately $6.7 million, comprised of approximately $3.0 million for direct plant charges plus fixed fees and 
other net reimbursable costs totaling approximately $3.7 million. We incurred costs of approximately $2.1 million related 
to the services we provide under the lease for a net margin of $4.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. We 
expect Hecla to continue to process material near the intended approximately 400 tonnes per day rate during 2018, which 
would  generate  cash payments  to  us, net  of  reimbursable costs, of  approximately  $4.6 million  during  2018.  However, 
because Hecla has the right to terminate the lease on 60 days’ notice, there is no assurance that these amounts will be 
received. 

El Quevar Project.  We plan to continue to advance El Quevar as much as possible within the limits of our current 
exploration  budget  and  remain  open  to  finding  a  partner  to  contribute  to  the  funding  of  further  exploration  and 
development.

Exploration  Focus.  We  are  focused  on  evaluating  and  searching  for  mining  opportunities  in  North  America 
(including Mexico) with high precious metal grades and low development costs with near term prospects of mining, and 
particularly properties within reasonable haulage distances of our Velardeña processing plants. We are also continuing our 
exploration efforts on selected properties in our portfolio of approximately 10 exploration properties located primarily in 
Mexico.  During  the  last  two  years,  we  have  continued  to  focus  on  the  Santa  Maria  mine  west  of  Hildalgo  de  Parral, 
Chihuahua, including 4,000 meters of core drilling, acquired the right to purchase claims covering the Yoquivo District, 
Ocampo Municipality, Chihuahua through an option agreement and completed a 2,080 meter core drilling program at the 
Rodeo property. 

During 2018 we plan to focus our exploration efforts primarily at our El Quevar silver project and on exploration 
and evaluation activities at Santa Maria, Yoquivo and other properties. We expect our expenditures for the exploration 
program in 2018 to be approximately $3.0 million. 

Experienced Management Team.  We are led by a team of mining professionals with approximately 60 years of 
combined experience in exploration, project development, and operations management, primarily in the Americas. Our 
executive officers have held senior positions at various large mining companies including, among others, Cyprus Amax 
Minerals Company, INCO Limited, Meridian Gold Company, Barrick Gold Exploration and Noranda Exploration.  

Velardeña Properties

Location, Access and Facilities

The  Velardeña  Properties  are  comprised  of  two  underground  mines  and  two  processing  plants  within  the 
Velardeña mining district, which is located in the municipality of Cuencamé, in the northeast quadrant of the State of 
Durango,  Mexico,  approximately  65  kilometers  southwest  of  the  city  of  Torreón,  Coahuila  and  approximately  140 
kilometers northeast of the city of Durango, which is the capital of the State of Durango. The mines are reached by a seven 
kilometer road from the village of Velardeña which is reached by highway from Torreón and Durango. The Velardeña 
mining district is situated in a hot, semi-arid region. 

Of the two underground mines comprising the Velardeña Properties, the Velardeña mine includes five different 
major vein systems including the Terneras, Roca Negra, San Mateo, Santa Juana and San Juanes systems. During 2015 we 
mined from the San Mateo, Terneras and Roca Negra vein systems as well as the Santa Juana vein system to augment 
grades as mining and processing rates ramped up. 

We own a 300 tonne per day flotation sulfide mill situated near the town of Velardeña, which accounted for 100% 
of our revenue from saleable metals during 2015. The mill includes lead, zinc and pyrite flotation circuits in which we can 

11 

process  the  sulfide  material  to  make  lead,  zinc  and  pyrite  concentrates.  Most  of  the  silver  and  gold  sold  in  2015  was 
contained in the lead concentrate. During 2015 we processed all our mined material through the sulfide plant. 

We also own a conventional 550 tonne per day cyanide leach oxide mill with a Merrill-Crowe precipitation circuit 
and  flotation  circuit  located  adjacent  to  our  Chicago  mine,  which  we  previously  used  to  process  oxide  and  mixed 
sulfide/oxide material from the Velardeña Properties. In July 2015, we leased the oxide plant to Hecla to process its own 
material through the plant for up to 42 months.  Hecla began processing material at the plant in December 2015. In August 
2017, we granted Hecla an option to extend the lease for an  additional period of up to two years ending no later than 
December  31,  2020.  The  option  to  extend  the  lease  must  be  exercised  no  later  than  October  3,  2018.  We  continue  to 
evaluate and search for other oxide and sulfide feed sources, focusing on sources within haulage distance of our sulfide 
and oxide mills at the Velardeña Properties. 

Prior  to  shutdown,  we  trucked  material  from  the  Velardeña  mines  to  the  sulfide  plant.  In  January 2012  we 
completed a tailings pond expansion at the sulfide plant, which is fully permitted and has capacity to treat tailings for 
approximately four additional years at the average processing rate of 285 tonnes per day.   At the oxide plant, we completed 
the  first  stage  of  a  new  tailings  pond  during  May 2013.  The  tailings  expansion work  began  in  early  2017  and  is  now 
completed. 

Power for all of the mines and plants is provided through substations connected to the national grid. Water is 
provided for all of the mines by wells located in the valley adjacent to the Velardeña Properties. We hold title to three 
wells located near the sulfide plant and hold certificates of registration to three wells located near the oxide plant. We are 
licensed  to  pump  water  from  all  six  wells  up  to  a  permitted  amount.  We  are  currently  pumping  from  the  three  wells 
associated with the oxide plant which is more than sufficient for Hecla’s processing operations. 

12 

The following map shows the location of the Velardeña Properties (other than the El Mogote Fraccion 
concession, which is located southeast of the identified properties). 

Property History

Exploration and mining in the Velardeña district extends back to at least the late 1500s or early 1600s, with large 
scale mining beginning in 1888 with the Velardeña Mining and Smelter Company. In 1902, the mining properties were 
acquired by ASARCO, who mined the property until 1926 when the mines were closed. For the next 35 years, the mines 
were operated from time to time by small companies and local miners. The property was nationalized in 1961, and in 1968 
the sulfide processing plant was built by the Mexican government. In 1994, William Resources acquired the concessions 
comprising the Velardeña Properties. In 1997, ECU Gold (the predecessor to ECU Silver Mining Inc.) purchased from 
William Resources the subsidiaries that owned the concessions and the oxide processing plant. The sulfide processing 
plant was acquired in 2004. 

Title and Ownership Rights

We hold the concessions comprising the Velardeña Properties through our wholly-owned Mexican subsidiary 
Minera  William S.A.  de  C.V.  At  present,  a  total  of  30  mineral  concessions  comprise  the  Velardeña  Properties.  The 
Velardeña Properties encompass approximately 895 hectares. The mineral concessions vary in size, and the concessions 
comprising each mineral property are contiguous within each of the Velardeña and Chicago properties. We are required to 

13 

pay annual concession holding fees to the Mexican government to maintain our rights to the Velardeña mining concessions. 
In 2017, we made such payments totaling approximately $69,000 and expect to pay approximately $70,000 in 2018.  We 
also own the surface rights to 144 hectares that contains the oxide plant, tailings area and access to the Chicago mine, 
along with surface lands that may be required for potential plant expansions. 

The  Velardeña  Properties  are  subject  to  the  Mexican  ejido  system  requiring  us  to  contract  with  the  local 
communities, or ejidos, surrounding our properties to obtain surface access rights needed in connection with our mining 
and exploration activities. We currently have contracts with two ejidos to secure surface rights for our Velardeña Properties 
with a total annual cost of approximately $25,000. We have a ten-year contract with the Velardeña ejido, which provides 
surface rights to certain roads and other infrastructure at the Velardeña Properties through 2021, and a 25-year contract 
with the Vista Hermosa ejido, which provides exploration access and access rights for roads and utilities for our Velardeña 
Properties until 2038. 

14 

The following Velardeña Properties exploitation concessions are identified below by name and number in the 

Federal government Public Registry of Mining. 

Mine/Area
Velardeña 

Name of Exploitation
Concession 

AMPL. DEL ÁGUILA MEXICANA 
ÁGUILA MEXICANA 
LA CUBANA 
TORNASOL 
SAN MATEO NUEVO 
SAN MATEO 
RECUERDO 
SAN LUIS 
LA NUEVA ESPERANZA 
LA PEQUEÑA 
BUEN RETIRO 
UNIFICACIÓN SAN JUAN 
EVANGELISTA 
UNIFICACIÓN VIBORILLAS 
BUENAVENTURA No. 3 
EL PÁJARO AZÚL 
BUENAVENTURA 2 
BUENAVENTURA 
LOS DOS AMIGOS 
VIBORILLAS NO. 2 
KELLY 

Chicago 

SANTA TERESA 
SAN JUAN 
LOS MUERTOS 
EL GAMBUSINO 
AMPLIACIÓN SAN JUAN 

  MUÑEQUITA 

SAN AGUSTÍN 
EL PISTACHÓN 
LA CRUZ 
EL MOGOTE FRACCION I 

Concession
Number 

85580 
168290 
168291 
168292 
171981 
171982 
171983 
171984 
171985 
171988 
172014 
172737 

185900 
188507 
188508 
191305 
192126 
193481 
211544 
218681 

171326 
171332 
171986 
171987 
183883 
196313 
210764 
220407 
189474 
221401 

We hold water concessions in wells that provide water for the Velardeña Properties. In Mexico water concessions 
are granted by the National Commission of Water (“CNA”). Currently no new water concessions are being granted by the 
CNA; however, companies can acquire water concessions through purchase or lease from current concession holders. We 
hold title to three wells located near the sulfide plant and hold certificates of registration to three wells located near the 
oxide plant. We are licensed to pump water from all six wells up to a permitted amount. We are required to make annual 
payments  to  the  CNA  to  maintain  our  rights  to  these  wells.    In  2017  we  made  such  payments  totaling  approximately 
$25,000 and expect to pay approximately the same amount in 2018. We are required to pay a fine to the CNA each year if 

15 

     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
we use too much water from a particular well or alternatively if we do not use a minimum amount of water from a particular 
well. During 2017 we did not incur any over usage or under usage fines. 

Geology and Mineralization

The Velardeña district is located at the easternmost limit of the Sierra Madre Occidental on the boundary between 
the  Sierra  Madre  Oriental  and  the  Mesa  Central  sub-provinces.  Both  of  these  terrains  are  underlain  by  Paleozoic  and 
possibly Precambrian basement rocks. 

The regional geology is characterized by a thick sequence of limestone and minor calcareous clastic sediments of 
Cretaceous age, intruded by Tertiary plutons of acidic to intermediate composition. During the Laramide Orogeny, the 
sediments  were  folded  into  symmetrical  anticlines  and  synclines  that  were  modified  into  a  series  of  asymmetrical 
overturned folds by a later stage of compression. 

A series of younger Tertiary stocks have intruded the older Cretaceous limestone over a distance of approximately 
15 kilometers along a northeast to southwest trend. The various mineral deposits of the Velardeña mining district occur 
along the northeast southwest axis and are spatially associated with the intrusions and their related alteration. 

An important northwest-southeast fracture system is associated with these intrusions and, in many cases, acts as 
the main focus of mineralization. The Velardeña Properties are underlain by a thick sequence of limestone that corresponds 
to rocks of the Aurora and Cuesta del Cura formations of Lower Cretaceous age. 

Several types of Tertiary intrusive rocks are present in the Velardeña district. The largest of these rocks outcrops 
on the western flank of the Sierra San Lorenzo and underlies a portion of the Velardeña Properties. It is referred to as the 
Terneras pluton and forms a northeast oriented, slightly elongated body, considered to represent a diorite or monzodiorite 
that outcrops over a distance of about 2.5 kilometers. The adjacent limestone has been altered by contact metamorphism 
(exoskarn), and locally the intrusive has been metamorphosed (endoskarn). 

The following is a description of the individual geological characteristics and mineralization found on each of the 

properties comprising the Velardeña and Chicago mines. 

Velardeña Mine 

The Santa Juana, Terneras, San Juanes and San Mateo vein deposits on the Velardeña property are hosted by 
Aurora Formation limestone, the Terneras intrusion and related skarn. The limestone is intruded by a series of multiphase 
diorite  or  monzodiorite  stocks  (Terneras  intrusion)  and  dikes  of  Tertiary  age  that  outcrop  over  a  strike  length  of 
approximately 2.5 kilometers. 

Two main vein systems are present on the Velardeña property. The first is a northwest striking system as found 
in the Santa Juana deposit, while the second is east-west trending and is present in the Santa Juana, Terneras, San Juanes 
and San Mateo deposits. 

In the Santa Juana deposit, two main sets of vein trends are observed. The most significant is a steeply northeast 
dipping, northwest trending set that has acted as the main conduit for the mineralizing fluids in the Santa Juana deposit. 
This direction includes both linear and curved northwest vein sets. 

The Terneras, San Juanes and San Mateo veins all strike east-west and dip steeply north. The most extensive of 
these is the Terneras vein, which was mined in the past over a strike length of 1,100 meters. All of these veins are observed 
to have extensive strike lengths and vertical continuity for hundreds of meters. The mineralogy of the east west system is 
somewhat different in that it contains less arsenic than the northwest Santa Juana veins. 

16 

Mineralization in the deposits located at the Velardeña mine belongs primarily to epithermal calcite quartz veins 
with associated lead, zinc, silver, gold and copper mineralization, typical of the polymetallic vein deposits of northern 
Mexico. The veins are usually thin, normally in the 0.2 meter to 0.5 meter range, but consistent along strike and down dip. 
Coxcomb and rhythmically banded textures are common. 

Chicago Mine 

On the Chicago property, the oldest rocks outcropping are Cretaceous limestone of the Aurora Formation which 
are highly folded. This limestone is locally metamorphosed by the intrusion of the Tertiary dioritic stocks and dykes. The 
general geology of the Chicago property is very similar to the geology of the Velardeña property. The Chicago veins strike 
northeast and dip steeply southeast. Chicago ore tends to be higher in lead and zinc than the Santa Juana ore. Vein widths 
at Chicago are variable and tend to be narrower than at the Santa Juana deposit, especially in the skarn host. 

2014 Technical Report

During the first quarter of 2015, the engineering firm of Tetra Tech, Inc. (“Tetra Tech”) completed an estimate 

of mineralized material at the Velardeña Properties, set forth in the following table: 

Mineralized Material 
Mineralized Material at December 31, 2014 

Velardeña Mine 

Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Chicago Mine 

Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Total Mineralized Material at December 31, 
2014 

Note: Results may not tie precisely due to rounding. 

     Silver      Gold       

(Ag) 

(Au) 

  Tonnes 

  Grade   Grade   Lead 
(Pb) 
  (Grams   (Grams  

(in 

per 
  thousands)   tonne)

per 
  tonne)

  Grade    Zinc (Zn)
  Grade %
  % 

572
1,032

91
98

295
274

208
165

4.1    1.34   
3.9    1.11   

3.2    3.77   
2.8    2.97   

 1.07
 1.42

 2.8
 3.49

1,793

272

3.8    1.42   

 1.49

The Tetra Tech mineralized material estimate assumed a silver price of $25 per troy ounce, a gold price of $1,446 

per troy ounce, and a cutoff grade of a net smelter return (“NSR”) of $100 per tonne. 

The following table shows the commodity prices and metallurgical recoveries used to determine the cutoff grade. 

Metal 

Silver 
Gold 
Lead
Zinc 

* Amounts represent three-year average prices. 

Sulfide 
Metallurgica
l

Oxide 
Metallurgica
l

      Mixed 

Metallurgica
l

  Recovery 

  Recovery 

  Recovery 

% 

% 

% 

89
68
83
83

 68   
 71   
 —   
 —   

 50
 29
 25
 37

  Metal Prices* 
$
25 (oz)  
$ 1,446 (oz)  
0.96 (lb)  
$
0.91 (lb)  
$

17 

 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The cutoff grade of $100 NSR per tonne of mineralized material was determined by adding the estimated average 
costs of mining ($53 per tonne), processing ($27 per tonne) and general and administration ($20 per tonne). The average 
cost  estimates  are  the  same  for  both  the  Velardeña  and  Chicago  mines.  The  NSR  value  of  mineralized  material  was 
determined  for  each  type  of  mineralized  material  (sulfide,  mixed,  and  oxide)  by  multiplying  a  fractional  factor  that 
represents an estimated combination of metallurgical recovery, treatment charges, penalties and payment terms by the unit 
value of each metal and then multiplying by the expected amount of that metal in each block of inventoried material. 

The following table shows the reduction in mineralized material reported in the Tetra Tech report that resulted 
from extraction and processing of mineralized material in 2015. As a result of the shutdown of mining and processing in 
November 2015, there are no results for 2016 or 2017. 

Mineralized Material 
Mineralized Material at December 31, 
2014 
Velardeña Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 
Chicago Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Total Mineralized Material at December 
31, 2014 

2015 Extraction 
Velardeña Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 
Chicago Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Total Tonnes Extracted in 2015 

Metal loss adjustments during 2015 
Velardeña Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 
Chicago Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Total Tonnes Extracted in 2015 

Mineralized Material at December 31, 
2015 
Velardeña Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 
Chicago Mine 
Oxide and mixed 
Sulfide 

Total Mineralized Material at December 
31, 2015 

  Gold
(Au)
  Grade
(Grams

Tonnes 

  (in thousands)    per tonne)

    Silver    
(Ag)
Grade
Contained (Grams
Gold (Au)
oz.

per
tonne)

Contained
Silver (Ag)
oz.

Contained 
Lead (Pb) 
lbs. 
(in thousands) % (in thousands)    Grade % (in thousands)

Contained
Zinc (Zn)
lbs.

Lead
(Pb)
Grade

  Zinc 
(Zn) 

 572   
 1,032   

 91   
 98   

4.1
3.9

3.2
2.8

74,780
127,741

9,362
8,822

295
274

208
165

5,425
9,101

609
520

1.34
1.11

3.77
2.97

 16,898   
 25,254   

 7,563   
 6,417   

 1.07
 1.42

 2.8
 3.49

13,493
32.307

5,617
7,540

 1,793   

3.8

220,406

272

15,655

1.42

 56,132   

 1.49

58,958

 —   
 76   

 —   
 5   

 81   

 —   
 —   

 —   
 —   

 —   

 572   
 956   

 91   
 93   

—
2.6

—
1.9

2.6

—
—

—
—

—

4.1
3.9

3.2
2.8

—
6,371

—
310

6,681

—
(3,063)

—
(140)

(3,203)

74,780
118,308

9,362
8,372

—
156

—
117

154

—
—

—
—

—

295
274

208
165

—
383

—
19

—
0.8

—
2

—   
 1,343   

—   
 220   

 —
 1.09

 —
 2.82

401

0.87

 1,564   

 1.2

—
(290)

—
(8)

(297)

—
—

—
—

—

—   
(522)  

—   
(107)  

 (629)  

 —
 —

 —
 —

 —

—
1,839

—
311

2,150

—
(547)

—
(74)

(621)

5,425
8,429

609
493

1.34
1.11

3.77
2.97

 16,898   
 23,389   

 7,563   
 6,089   

 1.07
 1.42

 2.8
 3.49

13,493
29,921

5,617
7,155

 1,712   

3.8

210,522

272

14,956

1.43

 53,940   

 1.49

56,187

Note: Results may not tie precisely due to rounding. Additionally, silver ounces, zinc pounds and leads pounds are rounded 
to the nearest thousand and gold ounces are rounded to the nearest ounce and tonnes. The variance in rounding different 
commodities and units is for convenience and does not reflect any differences in the level of accuracy of the calculated 
mineralized material estimate. 

18 

 
    
 
    
 
   
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For  further  detail  regarding  mineralized  material,  see  “CAUTIONARY  STATEMENT  REGARDING 

MINERALIZED MATERIAL”. 

Velardeña Properties Activities

In 2017 we incurred approximately $1.6 million in expenses related to shut down costs and maintenance at our 
Velardeña Properties as a result of the suspension of mining and processing activities in November 2015.  We retained a 
core group of employees, most assigned to operate the oxide plant that is leased to a third party and not affected by the 
shutdown.  The  retained  employees  also  include  an  exploration  group  and  an  operations  and  administrative  group  to 
continue to advance our plans in Mexico, oversee corporate compliance activities, and to maintain and safeguard the longer 
term value of the Velardeña assets. 

In July 2015, we leased our Velardeña oxide plant to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company for 
an initial term of 18 months beginning July 1, 2015. The lease agreement contained several lease extension options, and 
in the third quarter 2016, the lease was extended through June 2017. The 2016 extension included an agreement under 
which Hecla would construct, at its cost, certain tailings expansion facilities to accommodate Hecla's increased use of 
tailings capacity in excess of an agreed amount, while preserving flexibility for future tailings expansions. The tailings 
expansion work began in early 2017 and is now completed. The parties agreed that Hecla would either leave unused at 
the end of the lease term an agreed amount of capacity in the expanded tailings facility, or construct an additional 
expansion at its cost. In connection with their agreement regarding tailings impoundment expansions, the parties agreed 
that Hecla had the right to extend the lease for an additional 18 months following June 30, 2017, or until December 31, 
2018. On March 24, 2017, Hecla exercised its right to extend the lease until December 31, 2018. 

On August 2, 2017, we granted Hecla an option to extend the lease for an additional period of up to two years 
ending no later than December 31, 2020 in exchange for a $1.0 million cash payment and the purchase of $1.0 million, 
or approximately 1.8 million shares, of our common stock issued at a price of $0.55 per share, which was the 
undiscounted 30-day volume weighted average stock price at the time of the option agreement. Hecla must exercise the 
option to extend the lease no later than October 3, 2018. All of the fixed fees and throughput related charges remain the 
same as under the original lease. Similar volume limitations apply to any required future tailings expansions, which 
Hecla will fund, leaving unused at the end of the lease term an agreed amount of capacity in the expanded tailings 
facility. Hecla will have the right to terminate the lease during the Extension Period for any reason with 120 days’ notice. 
Hecla will also have a one-time right of first refusal to continue to lease the plant following a termination notice through 
December 31, 2020 if we decide to use the oxide plant for our own purposes before December 31, 2020. 

Hecla is responsible for ongoing operation and maintenance of the oxide plant. During the year ended December 
31, 2017, Hecla processed approximately 131,000 tonnes of material through the oxide plant, resulting in total revenues 
to us of approximately $6.7 million, comprised of approximately $3.0 million for direct plant charges plus fixed fees and 
other net reimbursable costs totaling approximately $3.7 million. We incurred costs of approximately $2.1 million related 
to the services we provide under the lease and reported a net operating margin of approximately $4.5 million during the 
year ended December 31, 2017. We expect Hecla to continue to process material near the intended approximately 400 
tonnes per day rate during 2018, which would generate cash payments to us, net of reimbursable costs, of approximately 
$4.6 million during 2018. However, because Hecla has the right to terminate the lease on sixty days’ notice, there is no 
assurance that these amounts will be received. 

Mining and Processing 

There were no mining or processing activities, other than the Hecla lease, at our Velardeña Properties in 2016 or 
2017 as a result of the shutdown of the mining and sulfide processing activities in November 2015. We expect to incur 
approximately $0.4 million in quarterly holding costs for as long as mining and processing activities remain suspended. 

19 

  
Environmental Matters and Permitting 

We hold environmental licenses and environmental impact assessments that allow us to run our mines, plants and 
tailing  facilities  at our Velardeña  Properties. We  are  required to update our  environmental  licenses  and  environmental 
impact assessments for expansion of or modification to any of the existing two processing plants. The construction of new 
infrastructure  beyond  the  current  plant  facilities  also  would  require  additional  permitting,  which  could  include 
environmental impact assessments and land use permits. We are currently finalizing obtaining all permits necessary for 
expansion of the tailings disposal facility at our oxide plant to accommodate additional capacity required for production 
by the plant lessee. 

Certain Laws Affecting Mining in Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal constitutional republic in North America and bordered 
by the United States of America, Belize and Guatemala. Mexico is a federal democratic republic with 31 states and Mexico 
City. Each state has its own constitution and its citizens elect a governor, as well as representatives, to their respective state 
congresses. The President of Mexico is the head of the executive federal government. Executive power is exercised by the 
President, while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Congress of the Union. The three constitutional 
powers are the Judiciary, the Executive and the Legislature which are independent of each other. 

Legislation Affecting Mining 

The  Mining  Law,  originally  published  in  1992  and  amended  in  1996,  2005,  2006  and  2014,  is  the  primary 
legislation governing mining activities in Mexico. Other significant legislation applicable to mining in Mexico includes 
the regulations to the Mining Law, the Federal Law of Waters, the Federal Labour Law, the Federal Law of Fire Arms and 
Explosives, the General Law on Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection and regulations, the Federal Law of 
Duties and the Federal Law on Metrology and Standards. 

The Concession System 

Under Mexican law, mineral deposits are property of the Mexican republic, and a mining concession, granted by 
the executive branch of the federal government, is required for the exploration, exploitation and processing of mineral 
deposits. Mining concessions may only be granted to Mexican individuals domiciled in Mexico or companies incorporated 
and validly existing under the laws of Mexico. Mexican companies that have foreign shareholders must register with the 
National Registry of Foreign Investments and renew their registration on an annual basis. Mining concessions grant rights 
to explore and exploit mineral deposits but do not grant surface rights over the land where the concession is located. Mining 
concession holders are required to negotiate surface access with the land owner or holder (e.g., agrarian communities) or, 
should such negotiations prove unsuccessful, file an application with the corresponding administrative authority (Ministry 
of  Economy  or  Ministry  of  Agrarian-Territorial-Urban  Development)  to  obtain  an  easement,  temporary  occupancy,  or 
expropriation of the land, as the case may be. An application for a concession must be filed with the Mining Agency or 
Mining Delegation located closest to the area to which the application relates. 

Mining concessions have a term of 50 years from the date on which title is recorded in the Public Registry of 
Mining. Holders of mining concessions are required to comply with various obligations, including the payment of certain 
mining duties based on the number of hectares of the concession and the number of years the concession has been in effect. 
Failure to pay the mining duties can lead to cancellation of the relevant concession. Holders of mining concessions are 
also obliged to carry out and prove assessment works in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Mining 
Law and its regulations. The regulations to the Mining Law establish minimum amounts that must be spent or invested on 
mining  activities.  A  report  must  be  filed  in  May of  each  year  regarding  the  assessment  works  carried  out  during  the 
preceding  year.  The  mining  authorities  may  impose  a  fine  on  the  mining  concession  holder  if  one  or  more  proof  of 
assessment work reports is not timely filed. 

20 

Pursuant to amendments to the federal corporate income tax law, effective January 2014, additional duties are 

imposed on mining concession holders; see “—Taxes in Mexico”.

Environmental Legislation 

Mining projects in Mexico are subject to Mexican federal, state and municipal environmental laws and regulations 
for  the  protection  of  the  environment.  The  principal  legislation  applicable  to  mining  projects  in  Mexico  is  the  federal 
General  Law  of  Ecological  Balance  and  Environmental  Protection,  which  is  enforced  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of 
Environmental Protection, commonly known as “PROFEPA”. PROFEPA is the federal entity in charge of carrying out 
environmental inspections and negotiating compliance agreements. Voluntary environmental audits, coordinated through 
PROFEPA,  are  encouraged  under  the  federal  General  Law  of  Ecological  Balance  and  Environmental  Protection. 
PROFEPA monitors compliance with environmental legislation and enforces Mexican environmental laws, regulations 
and official  standards.  If warranted,  PROFEPA  may  initiate  administrative proceedings  against  companies  that violate 
environmental laws, which proceedings may result in the temporary or permanent closure of non-complying facilities, the 
revocation of operating licenses and/or other sanctions or fines. According to the Federal Criminal Code, PROFEPA must 
inform the relevant governmental authorities of any environmental crimes that are committed by a mining company in 
Mexico. 

Concession  holders  under  the  exploration  stage  may  submit  themselves  to  comply  with  the  Mexican  Official 
Norm: NOM-120-SEMARNAT-1997, which provides, among other things, that mining exploration activities to be carried 
out  within  certain  areas  must  be  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  environmental  standards  set  forth  in  NOM-120-
SEMARNAT-1997;  otherwise,  concession  holders  are  required  to  file a  preventive  report  or  an  environmental  impact 
study prior to the commencement of the exploration, exploitation and processing of mineral resources. An environmental 
impact study is required for exploitation and processing of mineral resources activities.  

In 2014 Mexico developed an Energy sector applicable to private investment companies whereby new mining 
concessions  are  now  subject  to  prior  approval  from  the  Ministry  of  Energy.  Current  mining  concessions  forming  the 
Velardeña Properties are not subject to or affected by this approval requirement, but any new mining concessions acquired 
will be subject to this additional approval. 

Taxes in Mexico

Mexico has a federal corporate income tax rate of 30%, and there are no state taxes on corporate net income. In 
determining their corporate income tax, entities are allowed to subtract from gross income various deductions permitted 
by law, and they are allowed a ten-year carry-forward of net operating losses. Pursuant to amendments to the federal tax 
laws effective January 1, 2014, a 10% withholding tax is charged on dividends distributed to shareholders, regardless of 
the tax residence of the recipient, out of after tax profits. However, in the case of nonresident shareholders the limitations 
and tax rates provided in the treaties to avoid double taxation will prevail. A foreign resident company is subject to income 
tax if it has a permanent establishment in Mexico. In general, a permanent establishment is a place of business where the 
activities of an enterprise are totally or partially carried out and includes, among others, offices, branches and mining sites.

Under  the  2014  amendments  to  the  federal  corporate  income  tax  law,  titleholders  of  mining  concessions  are 
required to pay an annual special duty of 7.5% of their mining related profits. Titleholders of mining concessions also are 
required to pay a 0.5% special mining duty, or royalty, on an annual basis, on revenues obtained from the sale of silver, 
gold and platinum. Both the 7.5% annual special duty and the 0.5% duty are due at the end of March each year. The special 
duty of 7.5% is generally applicable to earnings before income tax, depreciation, depletion, amortization, and interest.  In 
calculating the special duty of 7.5%, there are no deductions related to depreciable costs from operational fixed assets, but 
exploration and prospecting depreciable costs are deductible when incurred.  Both duties are tax deductible for income tax 
purposes. 

21 

Mexico has several taxes in addition to income tax that are relevant to most business operations, including (i) the 
Value  Added  Tax  (“VAT”);  (ii) import  duties;  (iii) various  payroll  taxes;  and  (iv) statutorily  entitled  employee  profit 
sharing (“PTU”).  In addition, annual mining concession fees are charged by the government. 

VAT in Mexico is charged upon alienation of goods, performance of independent services, grant of temporary 
use or exploitation of goods, or import of goods or services that occur within Mexico’s borders, at a rate of 16%. There is 
no VAT in the case of export of goods or services or for the sale of gold, jewelry, and gold metalwork with a minimum 
gold  content of 80%,  excluding retail  sale  to  the general public. The  sale  of  mining  concessions  is  subject  to  VAT as 
concessions are not considered to be land. VAT paid by a business enterprise on its purchases and expenses may usually 
be credited against its liability for VAT collected from customers on its own sales. In addition, VAT may also be refunded, 
or overpayments may be used to offset tax liabilities arising from other federal taxes. 

Import duties apply for goods and services entering the country, unless specifically exempted due to a free trade 
agreement or registered under specific programs like IMMEX, under which we are currently registered. Payroll taxes are 
payable in most states including Durango and Coahuila, and social security, housing and pension contributions must be 
made to the federal government when paying salaries. 

Employees of Mexico entities are statutorily entitled to a portion of the employer’s pre-tax profits, called PTU. 
The rate of profit sharing is currently 10% of the employer’s taxable income as defined by the Income Tax law. A taxpayer 
may reduce its income tax base by an amount equal to the PTU. Certain companies are exempt from paying PTU, which 
include companies in the extractive industry (principally the mining industry) during the period of exploration. 

El Quevar

Location and Access

Our El Quevar silver project is located in the San Antonio de los Cobres municipality, Salta Province, in the 
altiplano region of northwestern Argentina, approximately 300 kilometers by road northwest of the city of Salta, the capital 
city of the province. The project is also accessible by a 300 kilometer dirt and gravel road from the city of Calama in 
northern Chile. The small village of Pocitos, located about 20 kilometers to the west of El Quevar, is the nearest settlement. 
We have established a camp approximately 10 kilometers west of the project to house project workers. A high tension 
power line is located approximately 40 kilometers from the site, and a high pressure gas line devoted to the mining industry 
and subsidized by the Salta government is located within four kilometers of the El Quevar camp. 

The El Quevar project is located near Nevado Peak with altitudes at the concessions ranging from 3,800 to 6,130 
meters above sea level. The climate of the area is high mountain desert, with some precipitation in summer (such as snow) 
and little snow in winter. 

22 

The following map shows the location of the El Quevar project. 

Property History

Mining activity in and around the El Quevar project dates back at least 80 years. Between 1930 and 1950, there 
was lead and silver extraction of mineralized materials from small workings in the area, but we have no mining records 
from that period. The first organized exploration activities on the property occurred during the 1970s, although no data 
from  that  period  remains.  Over  the  last  30 years,  several  companies  have  carried  out  exploration  activity  in  the  area, 
including BHP Billiton, Industrias Peñoles, Mansfield Minerals and Hochschild Mining Group, consisting primarily of 
local sampling with some limited drilling programs. 

Title and Ownership Rights

According to Argentine law, mineral resources are subject to regulation in the provinces where the resources are 
located. Each province has the authority to grant mining exploration permits and mining exploitation concession rights to 
applicants. The Federal Congress has enacted the National Mining Code and other substantive mining legislation, which 
is applicable throughout Argentina; however, each province has the authority to regulate the procedural aspects of the 
National Mining Code and to organize the enforcement authority within its own territory. 

23 

In the province of Salta, where the El Quevar project is located, all mining concessions are granted by a judge in 
the  Salta  Mining  Court.  The  El  Quevar  project  is  comprised  of  exploitation  concessions.  Exploitation  concessions  are 
subject  to  a  canon  payment  fee  (maintenance  fee)  which  is  paid  in  advance  twice  a  year  (before  June 30th and 
December 31st of each calendar year). Each time a new mining concession is granted, concession holders are exempt from 
the canon payment fee for a period of three years from the concession grant date. However, this exemption does not apply 
to the grant of vacant exploitation concessions; only to the grant of new mining concessions. 

The El Quevar project is currently comprised of 31 mining concessions we hold directly. In total, the El Quevar 
project encompasses approximately 57,000 hectares. The area of most of our exploration activities at El Quevar is within 
the concessions that are owned by Silex Argentina S.A., our wholly-owned subsidiary. 

We are required to pay a 1% net smelter return royalty on the value of all minerals extracted from the El Quevar 
II concession and a 1% net smelter return royalty on one-half of the minerals extracted from the Castor concession to the 
third party from whom we acquired these concessions.  We can purchase one half of the royalty for $1 million in the first 
two years of production.  The Yaxtché deposit is located primarily on the Castor concession. We may also be required to 
pay a 3% royalty to the Salta Province based on the net smelter value of minerals extracted from any of our concessions 
less  costs  of  processing.  To  maintain  all  of  the  El  Quevar  concessions,  we  paid  canon  payment  fees  to  the  Argentine 
government  of  approximately  $116,000  and  $111,000  in  2016  and  2017,  respectively.  In  2018  we  expect  to  pay 
approximately $93,000.  

24 

The following El Quevar mine concessions are identified below by name and file number in the Salta Province 

Registry of Mines. 

Name of Mine Concession
Quevar II 
Quirincolo I 
Quirincolo II 
Castor 
Vince 
Armonia 
Quespejahuar 
Toro I 
Quevar Primera 
Quevar Novena 
Quevar Decimo Tercera 
Quevar Tercera 
Quevar Vigesimo Tercero 
Quevar 10 
Quevar Vigesimo Primera 
Quevar Vigesimo Septima 
Quevar IV 
Quevar Vigesimo Cuarto 
Quevar 11 
Quevar Quinta 
Quevar 12 
Quevar Decima Quinta 
Quevar Sexta 
Quevar 19 
Quevar Vigesimo Sexta 
Quevar Vigesimo Segundo 
Quevar Séptima 
Quevar Veinteava 
MARIANA CANTERA 
Arjona II 
Quevar Vigesimo Quinto 

Concession
File Number 

  17114 
  18036 
  18037 
  3902 
  1578 
  1542 
  12222 
  18332 
  19534 
  20215 
  20501 
  19557 
  21043 
  20219 
  20997 
  22403 
  19558 
  21044 
  20240 
  19617 
  20360 
  20445 
  19992 
  20706 
  22087 
  21042 
  20319 
  20988 
  15190 
  18080 
  21054 

The surface rights at El Quevar are controlled by the Salta Province. There are no private properties within the 
concession area. To date, no issues involving surface rights have impacted the project. Although we have unrestricted 
access to our facilities, we have been granted easements to further protect our access rights. 

Geology and Mineralization

The geology of the El Quevar project is characterized by silver-rich veins and disseminations in Tertiary volcanic 
rocks that are part of an eroded stratovolcano. Silver mineralization at El Quevar is hosted within a broad, generally east-
west-trending structural zone and occurs as a series of north-dipping parallel sheeted vein zones, breccias and mineralized 

25 

faults situated within an envelope of pervasively silicified brecciated volcanic rocks. There are at least three sub-parallel 
structures that extend for an aggregate length of approximately 6.5 kilometers. Several volcanic domes (small intrusive 
bodies) have been identified and mineralization is also found in breccias associated with these domes, especially where 
they are intersected by the structures. The silver mineralization at the Yaxtché zone is of epithermal origin. The cross-
cutting nature of the mineralization, the assemblage of sulfide and alteration minerals, and the presence of open spaces 
with euhedral minerals, all point to an origin at shallow to moderate depths (a few hundred meters below surface) from 
hydrothermal solutions. 

Mineralized Material Estimate

During 2012, we released an estimate of mineralized material at our El Quevar project.  This estimate assumed 
mining of oxide material from an open pit on the east end of the Yaxtché deposit and sulfide material from both the open 
pit and an underground mine on the western portion of the Yaxtché deposit.  The estimate was based on results from 270 
core drill holes.   

In 2017, Amec Foster Wheeler E&C Services, Inc., a Wood Group PLC company (“Wood”) undertook an analysis 
and  re-modeling  of  the  data  utilized  in  the  prior  mineralized  material  estimate  using  updated  geologic  controls  and  a 
modeling method that optimizes grade. This resulted in an updated mineralized material estimate completed in February 
2018.  The Wood estimate assumes mining would occur solely underground and would be optimized to maximize potential 
silver grades.  According to the Wood estimate, sulfide mineralized material in the Yaxtché zone, at a cut-off grade of 250 
grams per tonne silver, and using a three-year average silver price of $16.62 per ounce, was 2.6 million tonnes at an average 
silver grade of 487 grams per tonne. 

For  further  detail  regarding  mineralized  material,  see  “CAUTIONARY  STATEMENT  REGARDING 

MINERALIZED MATERIAL”. 

Exploration and Advancement of El Quevar

The Yaxtché deposit is the primary target currently identified at the El Quevar project. We believe that the El 
Quevar deposit may be amenable to bulk mining, which could include an open pit on the eastern and central areas of the 
Yaxtché deposit and bulk underground mining in the western area. Our work indicates that the Yaxtché deposit is at least 
2 kilometers in strike length and is continuous laterally and to depths of more than 300 meters below surface in the main 
area. More recent results also support a possible eastward extension of the Yaxtché deposit and recognize an emerging 
new mineralized trend five kilometers north of the Yaxtché deposit. We have continued to hold our El Quevar property on 
care and maintenance until we can fund further exploration ourselves or find a partner to fund further exploration. We have 
completed environmental baseline studies, and a further environmental impact assessment process would be required to 
support  the  permits  necessary  for  construction  and  mining.  If  the  El  Quevar  project  proceeds  to  development  and 
construction,  we  would  be  required  to  obtain  numerous  additional  permits  from  national,  provincial  and  municipal 
authorities in Argentina. 

We spent approximately $0.8 million and $0.5 million at our El Quevar project on holding and maintenance costs 
in 2017 and 2016, respectively. From the inception of our exploration activities in 2004 through December 31, 2017 we 
have spent approximately $76.6 million on exploration and related activities at El Quevar. In 2018 we expect to spend 
approximately  $1.0  million  at  our  El  Quevar  project  to  fund  ongoing  exploration  and  evaluation  activities,  care  and 
maintenance and property holding costs.

We are evaluating plans for further exploration drilling to increase the size of high grade silver resources near the 
Yaxtché deposit.  The Yaxtché deposit is open to the west and there are numerous drill intercepts with silver grades of 
economic interest in the nearby area that represent targets for further expansion. During 2017, we received $1.1 million in 
refunds  of  previous  VAT  payments  made  in  Argentina  during  2012  and  2013.   The  refunds,  available  through  certain 

26 

provisions in the Argentina Mining Investment Law, have been pending for several years, but were only recently approved 
for payment by the Argentine tax authority.  In February 2018 we received an additional $138,000 of VAT refunds and 
we have approximately $0.1 million of VAT refund claims remaining.  

We plan to continue to advance El Quevar as much as possible within the limits of our current exploration budget 

and remain open to finding a partner to contribute to the funding of further exploration and development.

Exploration Properties

In  addition  to  El  Quevar,  we  currently  control  a  portfolio  of  approximately  10  exploration  properties  located 
primarily in certain traditional precious metals producing regions of Mexico. We do not consider any of our exploration 
properties to be material, including those noted below. 

In 2018 we plan to focus our exploration efforts primarily on exploration and evaluation activities at Santa Maria, 
Yoquivo and other properties, primarily in Mexico. During 2018 we expect our expenditures for the exploration program 
to  total  approximately  $2.0  million,  with  approximately  $0.3  million  in  property  holding  costs  in  Mexico  and 
approximately $0.5 million in administrative and general reconnaissance costs in Mexico. 

Santa Maria 

In August 2014, we entered into an option agreement giving us the right to acquire for $1.2 million the Santa 
Maria  mine,  a  privately  held  property  comprised  of  a  single  mining  claim  of  18  hectares  west  of  Hildalgo  de  Parral, 
Chihuahua State, Mexico. Since 2015, we have completed test mining and processing of 7,500 tons from the Santa Maria 
mine, with average grades 338 gpt silver and 0.7 gpt gold. In March 2017 a preliminary economic assessment (“PEA”) 
was  completed  on  our  behalf  by  Tetra  Tech,  prepared  pursuant  to  Canadian  National  Instrument  43-101,  based  on  an 
updated estimate of mineralized material. The PEA presented a base case assessment of developing Santa Maria’s mineral 
deposit.  The PEA contemplates a 38-month underground mining operation at a mining rate of 200 tonnes per day using a 
combination of cut and fill and other mining techniques, and custom milling at a local third-party flotation mill.  Based on 
the assumptions in the PEA, we believe there may be potential to develop a small mining operation at Santa Maria. 

In  August  2017,  we acquired  three  additional  claims that  cover  the  eastward  extension  of  the  Santa  Maria 
vein. The new claims provide a 600 meter potential extension to the strike length of the vein system and add substantial 
downdip expansion potential.  In August 2017, we also commenced a new drill program targeting extensions of the vein 
deposit described in the PEA and recent estimate of mineralized material with the goal of expanding the existing estimate 
of mineralized material to improve the overall economics reported in the PEA. 

Through  the  end  of  2017,  we  drilled  fourteen  holes  totaling  approximately  3,300  meters,  and  have  received 
completed assay results showing mineralized intercepts in  most of the holes.  We increased the drill program from an 
original 2,000 meters to about 4,800 meters due to geologic complexity along the eastern extension and newly encountered 
mineralization on the western extension of the vein system.  Based on the results of the 2017 drilling program, we anticipate 
that we will be able to increase the size of the existing mineralized material estimate, although the extent of that increase 
has not yet been determined.  We are continuing to drill in 2018 and have completed 1,000 meters in five drill holes.  We 
will likely complete another 500 meters in three additional drill holes before completing the program, after which we plan 
to review the drill results and revise the existing PEA and mineralized material estimate. 

We have the right to acquire the Santa Maria property under two separate option agreements representing the total 
concessions that comprise the property for additional payments of $1.4 million, payable through April 2022. The first 
option agreement, covering concessions we acquired in August 2014, requires an additional approximately $0.7 million 
be paid to acquire a 100% interest in the concessions related to that option by continuing to make minimum payments of 
$0.1 million in 2018 and $0.2 million in each of the years 2019 through 2021.  In addition, until the total due under the 
first option agreement has been paid, the property owners have the right to 50% of any net profits from mining activities 

27 

from the concessions related to the option, after reimbursement of all costs incurred by us since April 2015, to the extent 
that such net profit payments exceed the minimum payments.  The second option agreement, covering concessions recently 
acquired  in  August  2017,  requires  an  additional  approximately  $0.7  million  be  paid  to  acquire  a  100%  interest  in  the 
concessions related to that option by making additional payments of $0.1 million in 2018 and $0.2 million in each of the 
years 2019 through 2021. 

Rodeo

We  acquired  the  Rodeo  and  Rodeo  2  claims  comprising  1,866  hectares  80  kilometers  west  of  the  Velardeña 
Properties in Durango, Mexico where previous exploration by other companies has identified a gold-bearing epithermal 
system exposed at the surface. During 2016, we completed a 2,080 meter core drilling program at the Rodeo property at a 
cost of  approximately  $0.4 million.  The results  from  the  program  show  a gold  and silver bearing epithermal  vein  and 
breccia system with encouraging gold and silver values over an approximate 50 to 70 meter true width.  The system is 
exposed at the top of a northwesterly striking ridge and dips steeply to the northeast over about one kilometer of strike 
length.  

During January 2017, Tetra Tech completed an estimate of mineralized material at the Rodeo deposit, prepared 
pursuant to Canadian National Instrument 43-101, based on two different operating scenarios.  The first operating scenario 
reflects a smaller amount of higher grade material and estimated mineralized material of 0.4 million tonnes containing 3.3 
gpt gold and 11 gpt silver for a total of 46,000 ounces of gold and 0.2 million ounces of silver. This scenario provides a 
potentially  shorter  time  to  processing  with  lower  capital  costs  since  we  already  own  the  mill,  located  within  trucking 
distance  of  the  Rodeo  property.  The  second  operating  scenario  reflects  a  larger  amount  of  lower  grade  material  and 
estimated mineralized material of 3.6 million tonnes containing 0.8 gpt gold and 12 gpt silver.  The second mineralized 
material estimate envisions a standalone heap leach operation, depending on leachability of the material and development 
and  operating  costs.  We  believe  this  material,  as  currently  identified,  could  provide  additional  mined  material  for 
our Velardeña oxide mill following the completion of the Hecla lease, currently set to expire December 31, 2020. 

In  initial  test  work  conducted  in  2017,  we  have  received  confirmation  of  good  gold  and  silver  metallurgical 
recoveries for milled material in initial test work. Bottle roll cyanide leach testing of the high-grade samples resulted in 
gold extractions of 80 to 86 percent. Silver extractions ranged from 72 to 76 percent for all tests. Test work also indicates 
that the material is not suitable for gold and silver recovery by heap leaching.  

Due to the extension of the lease period for the oxide mill, plans to advance the Rodeo project have been delayed 

until later in 2018. 

Celaya Farm-out  

In August 2016, our wholly owned Mexican subsidiary entered into an earn-in agreement with a 100% owned 
Mexican subsidiary of Electrum Global Holdings, L.P., a privately owned company (together “Electrum”), related to our 
Celaya exploration property in Mexico. We received an upfront payment of $0.2 million and Electrum agreed to incur 
exploration  expenditures  totaling  at  least  $0.5  million  within  the  first  year  of  the  agreement,  reduced  by  certain  costs 
Electrum previously incurred on the property since December 2015 in its ongoing surface exploration program. Electrum, 
at its option, can elect to acquire an undivided 60% interest in a joint venture company to be formed to hold the Celaya 
project after incurring exploration expenditures totaling $2.5 million during the initial first three years of the agreement. 
Electrum would serve as manager of the joint venture.  Prior to an amendment to the agreement, we would have been 
allowed to maintain a 40% interest in the Celaya project, following the initial three-year earn-in period, by contributing 
our pro-rata share of an additional $2.5 million in exploration or development expenditures incurred over a second three-
year period.  In February 2018, we amended the Celaya earn-in agreement to permit Electrum to earn, at its option, an 
additional 20% interest in the Celaya project in exchange for a payment of $ 1.0 million.  Electrum can now increase its 
total interest in the project to 80% by contributing 100% of the $2.5 million of additional expenditures required in the 
second  three-year  earn-in  period.    Following  the  second  earn-in  period  we  will  have  the  right  to  maintain  our  20% 

28 

 
participating interest or our interest ultimately could be converted into a carried 10% net profits interest if we elect not to
participate as a joint venture owner. 

The 6,200-hectare silver and gold Celaya project contains a strongly developed alteration system on the main 
Mexico silver belt trend, located 10 kilometers east of Plata Latina’s Naranjillo silver and gold discovery and 45 kilometers 
southeast of and on trend with the historic Guanajuato District. We have conducted mapping and sampling activities at 
Celaya since 2012.  We completed a 2,000 meter, three-hole drilling program in 2015 that identified epithermal gold and 
silver mineralization beneath a portion of the widespread clay-silica alteration on the claims comprising the project. 

Electrum Global Holdings’ Mexican subsidiary, Minera Adularia, has reported the completion of 12,400 meters 
of drilling on the property in fifteen drill holes in their ongoing drill program through the end of 2017.  Results to date 
show intercepts of epithermal quartz vein mineralization with grades for gold, silver, lead and zinc that warrant further 
drill testing. 

Other Exploration Activities  

Mogotes 

During the fourth quarter of 2017 we completed a 2,580 meter drill program on our Mogotes property on the El 
Mogote claim located 7 kilometers southeast of the town of Velardeña, Durango, Mexico. The drill program was planned 
to test an area of silicification and breccias hosted in volcanic rocks. The altered area is exposed over a strike length of 1.5
kilometers and a width of about 500 meters. Results from the drill program showed low grade gold mineralization in two 
of  the  holes.  The  epithermal  system  appears  to  be  more  deeply  centered  than  the  surface  geochemical  values  initially 
indicated.   

The Mogotes property was purchased from Silver Standard Resources in 2015 and is wholly owned by one of 
Golden Minerals’ Mexican subsidiaries, subject to a 2% net smelter return royalty to Silver Standard and a pre-existing 
finder’s fee agreement (2% of direct exploration and development expenditures, capped at $365,000). 

Additional targeting work is being carried out on the Mogotes claims including geologic mapping and sampling 
focused on several outcropping veins in the northern portion of the claims and on our adjacent Pistachon claim, part of the 
Chicago mine holdings.  Previous work on the Mogotes property identified the possible continuation of Industrias Peñoles’ 
Santa Maria silver-zinc mine mineralization onto our Mogotes claims.   

Yoquivo 

In October 2017 we acquired the right to purchase claims covering the Yoquivo District, Ocampo Municipality, 
Chihuahua through an option agreement.  The Yoquivo District is a past producing, bonanza grade epithermal vein gold 
and silver district located 35 kilometers southeast of the Ocampo Mining District.  We have the right to purchase six claims 
totaling 1,906 hectares for payment of $0.5 million over four years plus outstanding claim taxes totaling approximately$0.1 
million.  No cash payments to the owner are due until the second anniversary of the agreement.  The owner retains a 2% 
net smelter return royalty capped at $2.0 million.

Farm-outs, Royalties and Other Dispositions

Exploration properties that we choose not to advance are evaluated for joint venture, sale of all or a partial interest 
and royalty potential. We currently have minority ownership interests and/or royalties in or have disposed of the following 
properties that were once part of our exploration portfolio: 

29 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

Zacatecas. In April 2016, we entered into an option agreement under which Santacruz Silver Mining Ltd. 
(“Santacruz”) may acquire our interest in certain nonstrategic mineral claims located in the Zacatecas Mining 
District,  Zacatecas,  Mexico  (the  “Zacatecas  Properties”)  for  a  series  of  payments  totaling  $1.5  million, 
including a final payment of $0.5 million due in April 2018.  To date, Santacruz has paid us approximately 
$0.9 million. We amended the option agreement with Santacruz in February 2018 to extend the due dates for 
the  remaining series  of  payments  through  September  2018.  To  complete  the  acquisition  of  the Zacatecas 
Properties,  Santacruz  must  now  make  three  additional  payments  of  $225,000  each  in  March,  June  and 
September 2018. Santacruz has the right to terminate the option agreement at any time, and the agreement 
could be terminated, at our option, if Santacruz fails to make subsequent payments when due.  

San  Diego  Exploration  Property.  In  August  2016,  we  sold  our  remaining  50%  interest  in  the  San  Diego 
property in Mexico to Golden Tag Resources, Ltd (“Golden Tag”), which held the other 50% interest in the 
property, for approximately $379,000 in cash and 2,500,000 common shares of Golden Tag. Pursuant to the 
sales agreement, Golden Tag will be required to pay us a 2.0% net smelter return royalty in respect to the 
San  Diego  property.  We  continue  to  hold  7,500,000  common  shares  of  Golden  Tag,  representing 
approximately 10% of its outstanding common shares. 

Sale of Mining Equipment. In August 2016, we sold certain mining equipment to Minera Indé, an indirect 
subsidiary of The Sentient Group, a related party, for $687,000. The equipment sold was excess equipment 
held at our Velardeña Properties that we did not expect to use. We received $69,000 or 10% of the sales price 
at the closing of the sale, with the remaining $618,000 plus interest on the unpaid balance at an annual rate 
of 10% to be due in February 2017. With the approval of a Special Committee of our Board of Directors, we 
amended the original equipment sale with Minera Indé on March 31, 2017 to include the sale of an additional 
piece of excess equipment for $185,000 and extend the time for payment relating to the original equipment 
sale.  Upon  execution of  the amendment,  the  Company received  an  additional payment  of  $100,000. The 
remaining principal and interest balance, plus additional interest on the unpaid balance at an annual rate of 
10%, was amended to be due in August 2017. On May 2, 2017, we received approximately $750,000 from 
Minera Indé as payment in full for the remaining balance due related to the equipment sale, including interest 
through that date.   

Zacatecas Royalty (Mexico). With respect to certain concessions in a portion of our Zacatecas project in 
Mexico sold to a subsidiary of Capstone Mining Corp. in 2009, we are entitled to a net smelter return of 1.5% 
on the first one million tonnes of production, and a 3% net smelter return on production in excess of one 
million tonnes.  The net smelter return on production in excess of one million tonnes escalates by 0.5% for 
each $0.50 increment in copper price above $3.00 per pound of copper. There is currently no production on 
these concessions. 

Fortuna Royalty (Peru). We are entitled to a net smelter return of 2.5% from a mining claim in Peru we sold 
to Compañia Minera Fortuna in August 2012. There is currently no production related to this claim.

Executive Officers of Golden Minerals

Name
Warren M. Rehn 
Robert P. Vogels 

Age 
63 
60 

Position 

  President and Chief Executive Officer 
  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

Warren M. Rehn.  Mr. Rehn was appointed President of our company in May 2015 and appointed Chief Executive 
Officer  and  director  in  September 2015.  Mr. Rehn  previously  served  as  Senior  Vice  President,  Exploration  and  Chief 
Geologist since December 2012 and served as Vice President, Exploration and Chief Geologist since February 2012. From 
2006 until February 2012,  Mr. Rehn held various positions at Barrick Gold  Exploration, Inc., serving  most recently  as 

30 

     
    
 
 
Chief Exploration Geologist for the Bald Mountain and Ruby Hill mining units. From 2005 until 2007, Mr. Rehn was a 
consulting  geologist  for  Gerson  Lehman  Group,  which  provides  consulting  services  to  various  industries,  including 
geology and mining. Mr. Rehn served as a Consulting Senior Geologist at Placer Dome Exploration, Inc. in 2004 and as 
an independent consulting geologist throughout the Americas from 1994 until 2003. He served as a Senior Geologist at 
Noranda Exploration, Inc. from 1988 until 1994. Mr. Rehn holds an M.S. in Geology from the Colorado School of Mines 
and a B.S. in Geological Engineering from the University of Idaho. 

Robert  P. Vogels.    Mr. Vogels  was named  Senior Vice  President  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  in  March 2009. 
Mr. Vogels  served  as  Controller  of  Apex  Silver  from  January 2005  to  March 2009  and  was  named  Vice  President  in 
January 2006. Prior to joining Apex Silver, Mr. Vogels served as corporate controller for Meridian Gold Company from 
January 2004 until December 2004. He served as the controller of INCO Limited’s Goro project in New Caledonia from 
October 2002 to January 2004. Prior to joining INCO, Mr. Vogels worked from 1985 through October 2002 for Cyprus 
Amax Minerals Company, which was acquired in 1999 by Phelps Dodge Corp. During that time, he served in several 
capacities, including as the controller for its El Abra copper mine in Chile from 1997 until March 2002. Mr. Vogels began 
his  career  in  public  accounting  as  a  CPA.  He  holds  a  B.Sc.  in  accounting  and  an  MBA  degree  from  Colorado  State 
University. 

Board of Directors of Golden Minerals 

Name
Jeffrey G. Clevenger 
Warren M. Rehn 
W. Durand Eppler (1),(3) 
Ian Masterton-Hume (2) 
Kevin R. Morano (2),(3) 
Terry M. Palmer (1),(3) 
Andrew N. Pullar 
David H. Watkins (1),(2) 

Age 
68 
63 
64 
67 
64 
73 
45 
73 

Occupation 

  Chairman 
  President and Chief Executive Officer, Company 
  Managing Director, Capstone Headwaters MB 
  Corporate Director and Member, Sentient Business Council
  Managing Principal, KEM Capital LLC 
  Retired Certified Public Accountant 
  Managing Partner and Director, Sentient Equity Partners 
  Director, Commander Resources Ltd., Euro Resources S.A.

Committee Membership 

(1) Audit 
(2) Compensation 
(3) Corporate Governance and Nominating 

Metals Market Overview

We are an emerging precious metals exploration company with silver and gold mining properties in Mexico and 
a large silver advanced exploration project in Argentina. Descriptions of the markets for these metals are provided below. 

Silver Market

Silver has traditionally served as a medium of exchange, much like gold. Silver’s strength, malleability, ductility, 
thermal and electrical conductivity, sensitivity to light and ability to endure extreme changes in temperature combine to 
make it a widely used industrial metal. While silver continues to be used as a form of investment and a financial asset, the 
principal uses of silver are industrial, primarily in electrical and electronic components, photography, jewelry, silverware, 
batteries, computer chips, electrical contacts, and high technology printing. Silver’s anti-bacterial properties also make it 
valuable for use in medicine and in water purification. Additionally, the use of silver in the photovoltaic and solar panel 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
industries is growing rapidly, and new uses of silver are being developed in connection with the use of superconductive 
wire and radio frequency identification devices. 

Most silver product is obtained from mining in which silver is not the principal or primary product. The Silver 
Institute, an international silver industry association, noted that for 2014 only around 31% of output came from so-called 
primary silver mines, where silver is the main source of revenue. 

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated on the London Fix high and low silver fixes in U.S. dollars 

per troy ounce. On February 27, 2018, the closing price of silver was $16.61 per troy ounce. 

Year
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018* 

*     Through February 27, 2018. 

Gold Market

Silver 

High 
48.70   $ 
37.23   $ 
32.23   $ 
22.05   $ 
18.23   $ 
20.71   $ 
18.56   $ 
17.52   $ 

Low 
 26.16
 26.67
 18.61
 15.28
 13.71
 13.58
 15.22
 16.35

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

Gold  has  two  main  categories  of  use:  fabrication  and  investment.  Fabricated  gold  has  a  variety  of  end  uses, 
including  jewelry,  electronics,  dentistry,  industrial  and  decorative  uses,  medals,  medallions  and  official  coins.  Gold 
investors buy gold bullion, official coins and jewelry. The supply of gold consists of a combination of production from 
mining and the draw-down of existing stocks of gold held by governments, financial institutions, industrial organizations 
and private individuals. 

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated on the London Fix PM high and low gold fixes in U.S. 

dollars per troy ounce. On February 27, 2018, the closing price of gold was $1,326 per troy ounce. 
Gold 

Year 
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018* 

*     Through February 27, 2018. 

Employees

High 

1,895   $ 
1,792   $ 
1,694   $ 
1,385   $ 
1,296   $ 
1,366   $ 
1,346   $ 
1,355   $ 

Low 
 1,319
 1,540
 1,192
 1,142
 1,049
 1,077
 1,151
 1,311

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

We  currently  have  approximately  160  employees,  including  seven  in  Golden,  approximately  130  in  Torreón, 
Mexico or at the Velardeña Properties (including approximately 70 assigned to the oxide plant which is leased to a third 
party), three in Argentina in connection with the El Quevar project, and approximately 20 in various foreign exploration 
offices.

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
    
 
Competition

There is aggressive competition within the mining industry for the acquisition of a limited number of mineral 
resource opportunities, and many of the mining companies with which we compete have greater financial and technical 
resources than we do. Accordingly, these competitors may be able to spend greater amounts on acquisitions of mineral 
properties of merit, as well as on exploration and advancement of their mineral properties. We also compete with other 
mining companies for the acquisition and retention of skilled mining engineers, mine and processing plant operators and 
mechanics, geologists, geophysicists and other experienced technical personnel. Our competitive position depends upon 
our ability to successfully and economically advance new and existing silver and gold properties. Failure to achieve and 
maintain a competitive position could adversely impact our ability to obtain the financing necessary for us to advance our 
mineral properties. 

Available Information

We  make  available,  free  of  charge  through  our  website  at  www.goldenminerals.com,  our  annual  report  on 
Form 10-K,  quarterly  reports  on  Form 10-Q,  current  reports  on  Form 8-K,  and  amendments  to  those  reports  filed  or 
furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), 
as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on 
our website is not incorporated into this annual report on Form 10-K and is not a part of this report.  Additionally, the 
public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, 
Washington, DC 20549. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, 
and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. 

ITEM 1A: 

RISK FACTORS  

Investors  in  Golden  Minerals  should  consider  carefully,  in  addition  to  the  other  information  contained  in,  or 

incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors: 

We have historically incurred operating losses and operating cash flow deficits and we expect to incur operating 
losses and operating cash flow deficits through 2018; our potential profitability in the foreseeable future would 
depend on our ability to identify, acquire and mine properties to generate sufficient revenues to fund our continuing 
activities.

         We have a history of operating losses and we expect that we will continue to incur operating losses unless and 
until such time as our Velardeña Properties, our El Quevar project, or another of our exploration properties, generates 
sufficient revenue to fund our continuing business activities. Although we have leased the oxide plant at the Velardeña 
Properties to a subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company, the cash that we expect will be generated from that lease may not 
be sufficient to fund all of our continuing business activities as currently conducted. In addition, the oxide plant lease 
may terminate sooner or produce less revenue than we anticipate. There is no assurance that we will develop additional 
sources of revenue.

In addition, the potential profitability of mining and processing at any of our properties would be based on 
a number of assumptions. For example, profitability would depend on metal prices, costs of materials and supplies, 
costs at the mines and processing plants and the amounts and timing of expenditures, including expenditures to 
maintain  our  Velardeña  Properties,  our  El  Quevar  project  and  to  continue  exploration  at  other  exploration 
properties, and potential strategic acquisitions or other transactions, in addition to other factors, many of which 

33 

         
are and will be beyond our control. We cannot be certain we will be able to generate sufficient revenue from any 
source to achieve profitability and eliminate operating cash flow deficits, or to cease to require additional funding. 

We may require additional external financing to fund our continuing business activities in the future        

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $3.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. With anticipated 

costs during 2018, including exploration expenditures, care and maintenance costs at the Velardeña Properties, 
exploration and evaluation expenditures and property holding costs at the El Quevar project, and general and 
administrative expenses, offset by anticipated revenue from the lease of the oxide plant, payment related to an 
exploration property farm out and payment related to an amendment of the farm-out agreement of the Celaya property to 
Electrum, we expect our current cash and cash equivalent balance will be approximately $1.5 million by the end of 2018. 
Even with these anticipated revenues throughout 2018, our cash balance in 2018 might not be sufficient to provide 
adequate cash reserves in the event of an unexpected termination of the Hecla lease, variations from anticipated care and 
maintenance costs at the Velardeña Properties and costs for continued exploration, project assessment and development 
at our other exploration properties, requiring us to seek additional funding from equity or debt or from monetization of 
non-core assets.

          Other than our outstanding At-the-Market program (the “ATM Program”), which we launched in December 
2016, and for which the amount of funds raised thereby is uncertain, we do not have a credit, off-take or other 
commercial financing arrangement in place that would finance our general and administrative costs and other working 
capital needs to fund our continuing business activities in the future, and we believe that securing credit for these 
purposes may be difficult given our limited history and the continuing volatility in global credit and commodity markets. 
In addition, commercial financing arrangements may not be available on favorable terms or on terms that would not 
further restrict our flexibility and ongoing ability to meet our cash requirements over a reasonable period of time. Access 
to public financing has been negatively impacted by the volatility in the credit markets and metals prices, which may 
affect our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future and, if obtained, to do so on favorable terms. We also 
may not be able to obtain funding by monetizing additional non-core exploration or other assets at an acceptable price. 
We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain financing to fund our general and administrative costs and other 
working capital needs to fund our continuing business activities in the future on favorable terms or at all.

Hecla may terminate the oxide plant lease. 

In July 2015 we entered into a leasing agreement with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company to 

lease our Velardeña oxide plant for an initial term of 18 months beginning July 1, 2015. The lease agreement contained 
several lease extension options, which Hecla exercised, extending the lease through December 31, 2018. In August 2017, 
we granted Hecla an option pursuant to an option agreement to extend the lease for an additional period of up to two 
years ending no later than December 31, 2020. Hecla must exercise this option to extend the lease no later than October 
3, 2018. Hecla is responsible for ongoing operation and maintenance of the oxide plant and during the year ended 
December 31, 2017, Hecla's mining and processing activities resulted in a net margin of $4.5 million for the Company. 
Although we intend the oxide plant lease to extend through December 2018, and then through December 2020 assuming 
exercise of the option, the lease may terminate sooner than we anticipate if Hecla experiences mining problems or delays 
at its nearby mine, if there are disputes between Hecla and us, or for other reasons. Moreover, the lease payment from 
Hecla is based, in part, on the amount of ore processed at the plant, and we have no control over their production. There 
is also no assurance that Hecla will exercise the option to extend the lease for an additional two years through December 
31, 2020. 

One of our stockholders owns a significant percentage of our common stock and could block decisions or 
transactions that could be beneficial to other stockholders.

34 

 
         
One of our stockholders, Sentient, owns approximately 45% of the Company's outstanding common stock. With 

this level of ownership, Sentient could exert significant control over the Company, including over the election of 
directors, changes in the size or the composition of the board of directors, and mergers and other business combinations 
involving the Company. Through greater control of the board of directors and increased voting power, including the 
potential to prevent a quorum at stockholders meetings, Sentient could control certain decisions, including decisions 
regarding qualification and appointment of officers, operations of the business including acquisition or disposition of our 
assets or purchases and sales of mining or exploration properties, dividend policy, and access to capital (including 
borrowing from third-party lenders and the issuance of equity or debt securities) Sentient’s large share ownership will 
also make it difficult, if not impossible, for the Company to enter into a change of control transaction that may otherwise 
be beneficial for the Company’s other shareholders.

If we commence mining in Mexico, we will likely enter into a collective bargaining agreement with a union that, 
together  with  labor  and  employment  regulations,  could  adversely  affect  our  mining  activities  and  financial 
condition. 

As was the case at our Velardeña Properties, mine employees in Mexico are typically represented by a union, and 
our  relationship  with  our  employees  was,  and  we  expect  in  the  future  will  be,  governed  by  collective  bargaining 
agreements. Any collective bargaining agreement that we enter into with a union is likely to restrict our mining flexibility 
in and impose additional costs on our mining activities. In addition, relations between us and our employees in Mexico 
may be affected by changes in regulations or labor union requirements regarding labor relations that may be introduced by 
the Mexican authorities or by labor unions. Changes in legislation or in the relationship between us and our employees 
may have a material adverse effect on our mining activities and financial condition. 

We may not mine the Velardeña Properties again. 

In mid-November 2015, we shut down the mines and sulfide processing plant at our Velardeña Properties and 
placed  them  on  care  and  maintenance.  Commencing  mining  again  is  subject  to  numerous  risks  and  uncertainties, 
including: 

(cid:120) whether we are able to create mine plans or gold recovery improvements that can achieve sustainable cash 

positive results at current and future metals prices; 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

unexpected  events,  including  difficulties  in  maintaining  the  properties  on  a  care  and  maintenance  basis, 
potential sabotage or damage to the assets related to the suspension of mining, and variations in ore grade 
and relative amounts, grades and metallurgical characteristics of oxide and sulfide ores; 

continued decreases or insufficient increases in gold and silver prices to permit us to achieve sustainable cash 
positive results; 

actual holding and care and maintenance costs resulting from the shutdown exceeding current estimates or 
including unanticipated costs; 

loss of and inability to adequately replace skilled mining and management personnel; 

strikes or other labor problems; and 

our ability to obtain additional funding for general and administrative costs and other working capital needs 
to fund our continuing business activities as currently conducted and possibly for a potential restart of our 
Velardeña Properties. 

35 

        
Based  on  these  risks  and  uncertainties,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  we  will  restart  mining  activities  at  the 

Velardeña Properties. 

Our  ability  to  successfully  conduct  mining  and  processing  activities  resulting  in  long-term  cash  flow  and 
profitability will be affected by changes in prices of silver, gold and other metals. 

Our ability to successfully conduct mining and processing activities in Mexico, Argentina or other countries, to 
establish reserves and advance our exploration properties, and to become profitable in the future, as well as our long-term 
viability, depend, in large part, on the market prices of silver, gold, zinc, copper and other metals. The market prices for 
these metals are volatile and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control, including: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

global or regional consumption patterns; 

supply of, and demand for, silver, gold, zinc, lead, copper and other metals; 

speculative activities and hedging activities; 

expectations for inflation; 

political and economic conditions; and 

supply of, and demand for, consumables required for extraction and processing of metals. 

The  declines  in  silver  and  gold  prices  in  2013,  2014  and  2015  have  had  a  significant  impact  on  our  mining 
activities, resulting in shutdowns in 2013 and 2015 of mining at our Velardeña Properties, and negatively affect mining 
opportunities  at  our  other  properties.  Additionally,  future  weakness  in  the  global  economy  could  increase  volatility  in 
metals prices or depress metals prices, which could also affect our mining and processing plans at our Velardeña Properties 
or make it uneconomic for us to engage in mining or exploration activities. Volatility or sustained price declines may also 
adversely affect our ability to build or continue our business. 

If products are processed from our Velardeña Properties or other mines in the future, they could contain higher 
than expected contaminants, thereby negatively impacting our financial condition. 

In  2015  we  processed  mined  material  to  make  gold  and  silver  bearing  lead,  zinc  and  pyrite  concentrates. 
Concentrate treatment charges paid to smelters and refineries include penalties for certain elements, including arsenic and 
antimony that exceed contract limits. In the future, if we process material from our Velardeña Properties or other mines, 
any such concentrates could include higher than expected contaminants, which would result in higher treatment expenses 
and penalty charges that could increase our costs and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of 
operations.  This  could  occur  due  to  unexpected  variations  in  the  occurrence  of  these  elements  in  the  material  mined, 
problems  that  occur  during  blending  of  material  from  various  locations  in  the  mine  prior  to  processing  and  other 
unanticipated events. 

The Velardeña Properties, the El Quevar project and our other properties may not contain mineral reserves. 

We are considered an exploration stage company under SEC Industry Guide 7, and none of the properties at our 
Velardeña Properties, the El Quevar project, or any of our other properties have been shown to contain proven or probable 
mineral reserves. Expenditures made in mining at the Velardeña Properties or the exploration and advancement of our El 
Quevar  project  or  other  properties  may  not  result  in  positive  cash  flow  or  in  discoveries  of  commercially  recoverable 
quantities of ore. Most exploration projects do not result in the discovery of commercially mineable ore deposits, and we 
cannot assure you that any mineral deposit we identify will qualify as an orebody that can be legally and economically 
exploited or that any particular level of recovery from discovered mineralization will in fact be realized.

36 

Tetra Tech completed technical reports on our Velardeña Properties and our Santa Maria and Rodeo properties, 
which indicated the presence of mineralized material.  During 2012, we released an estimate of mineralized material at our 
El  Quevar  project  and  in  2017  Wood  Group  undertook  an  analysis  and  re-modeling  of  the  data  utilized  in  the  prior 
mineralized material estimate. Mineralized material figures based on estimates made by geologists are inherently imprecise 
and depend on geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling that may prove to be 
unreliable  or  inaccurate.  We  cannot  assure  you  that  these  estimates  are  accurate  or  that  proven  and  probable  mineral 
reserves will be identified at the Velardeña Properties, the Santa Maria and Rodeo properties, the El Quevar project or any 
of our other properties. Even if the presence of reserves is established at a project, the economic viability of the project 
may not justify exploitation. We have spent significant amounts on the evaluation of El Quevar prior to establishing the 
economic viability of that project.

Estimates of reserves, mineral deposits and mining costs also can be affected by factors such as governmental 
regulations and requirements, fluctuations in metals prices or costs of essential materials or supplies, environmental factors,
unforeseen technical difficulties and unusual or unexpected geological formations. In addition, the grades of ore or material 
ultimately mined may differ from that indicated by drilling results, sampling, feasibility studies or technical reports. Short-
term  factors  relating  to  reserves,  such  as  the  need  for  orderly  development  of  ore  bodies  or  the  processing  of  new  or 
different grades, may also have an adverse effect on mining and on the results of operations. Silver, gold or other minerals 
recovered in small-scale laboratory tests may not be duplicated in large-scale tests under on-site processing conditions.

The Velardeña Properties, the El Quevar project and our other properties are subject to foreign environmental 
laws and regulations which could materially adversely affect our business. 

We have conducted mining activities in Mexico and conduct mineral exploration activities primarily in Mexico. 
Mexico and Argentina, where the El Quevar project is located, have laws and regulations that control the exploration and 
mining of mineral properties and their effects on the environment, including air and water quality, mine reclamation, waste 
generation, handling and disposal, the protection of different species of flora and fauna and the preservation of lands. These 
laws  and  regulations  require  us  to  acquire  permits  and  other  authorizations  for  conducting  certain  activities.  In  many 
countries, there is relatively new comprehensive environmental legislation, and the permitting and authorization process 
may not be established or predictable. We may not be able to acquire necessary permits or authorizations on a timely basis, 
if at all. Delays in acquiring any permit or authorization could increase the cost of our projects and could suspend or delay 
the commencement of extraction and processing of mineralized material.

Our  Velardeña  Properties  are  subject  to  regulation  by  SEMARNAT,  the  environmental  protection  agency  of 
Mexico. In order to permit new facilities at or expand existing facilities, regulations require that an environmental impact 
statement, known in Mexico as a Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental (the “Manifestación”), be prepared by a third-party 
contractor for submission to SEMARNAT. Studies required to support the Manifestación include a detailed analysis of 
soil, water, vegetation, wildlife, cultural resources and socio-economic impacts. The Manifestación is then published on 
SEMARNAT’s web page and in its official gazette in a national and local newspaper. The Manifestación is discussed at 
various open hearings, including hearings in the local communities, at which third parties may voice their views. We would 
be required to provide proof of local community support of the Manifestación as a condition to final approval. We may 
not be able to obtain community support of future projects.

Environmental  legislation  in  Mexico  is  evolving  in  a  manner  which  will  require  stricter  standards  and 
enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed 
projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. For example, 
in January 2011, Article 180 of the Mexican Federal General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection 
was  amended.  Among  other  things,  this  amendment  extended  the  term  during  which  an  individual  or  entity  having  a 
legitimate interest may contest administrative acts, including environmental authorizations, permits or concessions granted, 
without the need to demonstrate the actual existence of harm to the environment, natural resources, flora, fauna or human 
health, making it sufficient to argue that harm may be caused. Further, the amendment permits the contesting party to 

37 

 
 
challenge a Manifestación through a variety of administrative or court procedures. As a result of the amendment, more 
legal  actions  supported  or  sponsored  by  non-governmental  groups  interested  in  halting  projects  may  be  filed  against 
companies  operating  in  all  industrial  sectors,  including  the  mining  sector.  Mexican  operations  are  also  subject  to  the 
environmental agreements entered into by Mexico, the United States and Canada in connection with the North American 
Free Trade Agreement. Further, in August 2011, certain amendments to the Civil Federal Procedures Code of Mexico 
(“CFPC”) were published in the Official Daily of the Federation. The amendments establish three categories of collective 
actions  by  which  30  or  more  people  claiming  injury  resulting  from,  among  other  things,  environmental  harm,  will  be 
deemed  to  have  a  sufficient  and  legitimate  interest  in  seeking,  through  a  civil  procedure,  restitution,  economic 
compensation or suspension of the activities from which the alleged injury derived. These amendments to the CFPC may 
result  in  more  litigation  by  plaintiffs  seeking  remedies  for  alleged  environmental  harms,  including  suspension  of  the 
activities  alleged  to  cause  harm.  Future  changes  in  environmental  regulation  in  the  jurisdictions  where  the  Velardeña 
Properties  are  located  may  adversely  affect  our  business,  make  our  business  prohibitively  expensive,  or  prohibit  it 
altogether.  

Environmental legislation in many other countries, in addition to Mexico, is evolving in a manner that will likely 
require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental 
assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and 
employees. We cannot predict what environmental legislation or regulations will be enacted or adopted in the future or 
how  future  laws  and  regulations  will  be  administered  or  interpreted.  For  example,  in  September  2010,  the  Argentine 
National Congress passed legislation which prohibits mining activity in glacial and surrounding areas. Although we do not 
currently  anticipate  that  this  legislation  will  impact  the  El  Quevar  project,  the  legislation  provides  an  example  of  the 
evolving environmental legislation in the areas in which we operate. Compliance with more stringent laws and regulations, 
as well as potentially more vigorous enforcement policies or regulatory agencies or stricter interpretation of existing laws, 
may (i) necessitate significant capital outlays, (ii) cause us to delay, terminate or otherwise change our intended activities 
with respect to one or more projects, or (iii) materially adversely affect our future exploration activities. 

The Velardeña Properties and many of our exploration properties are located in historic mining districts where 
prior owners, including ECU in the case of the Velardeña Properties, may have caused environmental damage that may 
not be known to us or to the regulators. At the Velardeña Properties and in most other cases, we have not sought complete 
environmental analyses of our mineral properties. We have not conducted comprehensive reviews of the environmental 
laws and regulations in every jurisdiction in which we own or control mineral properties. Insurance fully covering many 
environmental risks (including potential liability for pollution or other hazards as a result of disposal of waste products 
occurring from exploration and mining) is not generally available. To the extent environmental hazards may exist on the 
properties in which we currently hold interests, or may hold interests in the future, that are unknown to us at present and 
that have been caused by us, or previous owners or operators, or that may have occurred naturally, and to the extent we 
are subject to environmental requirements or liabilities, the cost of compliance with these requirements and satisfaction of 
these liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable 
to fully fund the cost of remediation of any environmental condition, we may be required to suspend activities or enter into 
interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remediation.

In addition, U.S. or international legislative or regulatory action to address concerns about climate change and 

greenhouse gas emissions could negatively impact our business. 

Title to the Velardeña Properties and our other properties and rights may be defective or may be challenged. 

Our policy is to seek to confirm the validity of our rights to, title to, or contract rights with respect to, each mineral 
property  in  which  we  have  a  material  interest.  However,  we  cannot  guarantee  that  title  to  our  properties  will  not  be 
challenged. Title insurance is not available for our mineral properties, and our ability  to ensure that we have obtained 
secure  rights  to  individual  mineral  properties  or  mining  concessions  may  be  severely  constrained.  Accordingly,  the 
Velardeña Properties and our other mineral properties may be subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers or claims, 

38 

 
 
and title may be affected by, among other things, undetected defects. In addition, we may be unable to conduct activities 
on our properties as permitted or to enforce our rights with respect to our properties, and the title to our mineral properties
may also be impacted by state action. We have not conducted surveys of all of the exploration properties in which we hold 
direct or indirect interests and, therefore, the precise area and location of these exploration properties may be in doubt.

In most of the countries in which we operate, failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations 
relating  to  mineral  right  applications  and  tenure  could  result  in  loss,  reduction  or  expropriation of  entitlements,  or  the 
imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners. Any such loss, reduction or imposition of partners
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Under the laws of Mexico, mineral resources belong to the state, and government concessions are required to 
explore for or exploit mineral reserves. Mineral rights derive from concessions granted, on a discretionary basis, by the 
Ministry of Economy, pursuant to the Mexican mining law and regulations thereunder. We hold title to the Velardeña 
Properties and our other properties in Mexico through these government concessions, but there is no assurance that title to 
the  concessions  comprising  the  Velardeña  Properties  and  other  properties  will  not  be  challenged  or  impaired.  The 
Velardeña Properties and other properties may be subject to prior unregistered agreements, interests or native land claims, 
and title may be affected by undetected defects. There could be valid challenges to the title of any of the claims comprising 
the Velardeña Properties that, if successful, could impair mining with respect to such properties in the future. A defect 
could result in our losing all or a portion of our right, title, and interest in and to the properties to which the title defect
relates.

Our Velardeña Properties mining concessions and our other mining concessions in Mexico may be terminated if 
our obligations to maintain the concessions in good standing are not satisfied, including obligations to explore or exploit 
the  relevant  concession,  to  pay  any  relevant  fees,  to  comply  with  all  environmental  and  safety  standards,  to  provide 
information to the Ministry of Economy and to allow inspections by the Ministry of Economy. In addition to termination, 
failure to make timely concession maintenance payments and otherwise comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations 
and  local  practices  relating  to  mineral  right  applications  and  tenure  could  result  in  reduction  or  expropriation  of 
entitlements.  Additionally,  in  2014,  new mining  concessions became  subject  to  additional  review and  approval  by  the 
Mexico Ministry of Energy.

Mining concessions in Mexico give exclusive exploration and exploitation rights to the minerals located in the 
concessions  but  do  not  include  surface  rights  to  the  real  property,  which  requires  that  we  negotiate  the  necessary 
agreements with surface landowners. Many of our mining properties are subject to the Mexican ejido system requiring us 
to  contract  with  the  local  communities  surrounding  the  properties  in  order  to  obtain  surface  rights  to  land  needed  in 
connection with our mining exploration activities. In connection with our Velardeña Properties, we have contracts with 
two ejidos to secure surface rights with a total annual cost of approximately $25,000. The first contract is a ten-year contract
with the Velardeña ejido, which provides surface rights to certain roads and other infrastructure at the Velardeña Properties 
through  2021.  The  second  contract  is  a  25-year  contract  with  the  Vista  Hermosa  ejido  signed  in  March  2013,  which 
provides exploration access and access rights for roads and utilities for our Velardeña Properties. Our inability to maintain 
and periodically renew or expand these surface rights on favorable terms or otherwise could have a material adverse effect 
on our business and financial condition. 

Mining and processing activities are dependent on the availability of sufficient water supplies to support our mining 
activities.

Mining and processing at the Velardeña Properties, as at most mines, requires significant amounts of water. At 
the Velardeña Properties, our ability to have sufficient water is dependent on our ability to maintain our water rights and 
claims. Water is provided for all of the mines comprising our Velardeña Properties by wells located in the valley adjacent 
to the Velardeña Properties. We hold title to three wells located near the sulfide plant and hold certificates of registration 

39 

         
 
 
to three wells located near the oxide plant. We are licensed to pump water from all six wells up to a permitted amount. We 
are  currently  only  using  water  from  the  three  wells  associated  with  the  oxide  plant.  We  are  required  to  make  annual 
payments to the Mexican government to maintain our rights to these wells. We are required to pay a fine to the Mexican 
Government each year if we use too much water from a particular well or alternatively if we do not use a minimum amount 
of water from a particular well. In addition to these fines, the Mexican Government reserves the right to cancel our title to 
the wells for abuse of these rules.

We  currently  have  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  for  the  third-party  processing  activities  at  the  oxide  plant. 
However, if we began processing material from both the sulfide and oxide plants in the future, we may face shortages in 
our water supply, and therefore will need to obtain water from outside sources at higher costs. The loss of some or all water 
rights for any of our wells, in whole or in part, or shortages of water to which we have rights would require us to seek 
water from outside sources at higher costs and could require us to curtail or shut down mining and processing in the future. 
Laws and regulations may be introduced in the future which could limit our access to sufficient water resources in mining 
activities, thus adversely affecting our business.

There  are  significant  hazards  involved  in  underground  mining  and  processing  activities  at  our  Velardeña 
Properties, not all of which are fully covered by insurance. To the extent we must pay the costs associated with such 
risks, our business may be negatively affected. 

The mining and processing of the underground mines at our Velardeña Properties, as well as the conduct of our 
exploration programs that frequently require rehabilitation of and drilling in underground mine workings, are subject to 
numerous  risks  and  hazards,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  environmental  hazards,  industrial  accidents,  encountering 
unusual or unexpected geological formations, formation pressures, cave-ins, underground fires or floods, power outages, 
labor  disruptions,  seismic  activity,  rock  bursts,  accidents  relating  to  historical  workings,  landslides  and  periodic 
interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions. These occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction 
of,  mineral properties or processing facilities, personal  injury or death, environmental  damage, reduced  extraction  and 
processing and delays in mining, asset write-downs, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Although we maintain 
insurance  against  risks  inherent  in  the  conduct of our  business  in  amounts  that  we  consider  reasonable,  this  insurance 
contains, as in the case of our Velardeña Properties, exclusions and limitations on coverage, and will not cover all potential 
risks associated with mining and exploration activities, and related liabilities might exceed policy limits. As a result of any
or  all  of  the  forgoing,  particularly  if  the  facilities  are  older,  we  could  incur  significant  liabilities  and  costs  that  could 
adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Our Velardeña Properties and most of our exploration properties are located in Mexico and are subject to various 
levels of political, economic, legal and other risks.  

Our Velardeña Properties are located in Mexico, and, as such, are exposed to various levels of political, economic, 
legal  and  other  risks  and  uncertainties,  including  local  acts  of  violence,  such  as  violence  from  drug  cartels;  military 
repression; extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates; high rates of inflation; labor unrest; the risks of war or civil 
unrest;  expropriation  and  nationalization;  renegotiation  or  nullification  of  existing  concessions,  licenses,  permits  and 
contracts; illegal mining; acts of political corruption; changes in taxation policies; restrictions on foreign exchange and 
repatriation;  and  changing  political  conditions  (including  potential  instability  if  the  United  States  withdraws  from  or 
renegotiates the North American Free Trade Agreement), currency controls and governmental regulations that favor or 
require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase 
supplies  from,  a  particular  jurisdiction.  Furthermore,  given  the  uncertainties  surrounding  the  policies  of  the  new  US 
Administration, the political relationship between the United States and Mexico may deteriorate, creating further political 
risk of doing business in Mexico.

40 

In the past, Mexico has been subject to political instability, changes and uncertainties, which have resulted in 
changes to existing governmental regulations affecting mineral exploration and mining activities. Mexico’s status as a 
developing country may make it more difficult for us to obtain any required funding for our Velardeña Properties or other 
projects in Mexico in the future. 

Our Mexican properties are subject to a variety of governmental regulations governing health and worker safety, 
employment standards, waste disposal, protection of historic and archaeological sites, mine development, protection of 
endangered and protected species, purchase, storage and use of explosives and other matters. Specifically, our activities 
related to the Velardeña Properties are subject to regulation by SEMARNAT, the Comisión Nacional del Agua, which 
regulates water rights, and Mexican mining laws. Mexican regulators have broad authority to shut down and levy fines 
against facilities that do not comply with regulations or standards. 

Our  Velardeña  Properties  and  mineral  exploration  activities  in  Mexico  may  be  adversely  affected  in  varying 
degrees by changing government regulations relating to the mining industry or shifts in political conditions that increase 
the costs related to our mining and exploration activities or the maintenance of our properties. For example, in January 
2014,  amendments  to  the  Mexico  federal  corporate  income  tax  law  require  titleholders  of  mining  concessions  to  pay 
annually a 7.5% duty of their mining related profits and a 0.5% duty on revenues obtained from the sale of gold, silver and 
platinum that were effective March 2015. These additional duties applicable to Mexico mining concession titleholders will 
have a significant impact on the annual costs applicable to the Velardeña Properties if we have mining related profits or 
significant revenues in the future. 

Changes,  if  any,  in  mining  or  investment  policies,  changes  or  increases  in  the  legal  rights  of  indigenous 
populations or in the difficulty or expense of obtaining rights from them that are necessary for our Velardeña Properties or 
shifts in political attitude may adversely affect our business and financial condition. Our mining and exploration activities 
may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to restrictions on extraction, price controls, 
export controls, currency remittance, income and other taxes, expropriation of property, foreign investment, maintenance 
of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use and mine safety. Restart of mining or 
use of both the oxide and sulfide plant may also require us to assure the availability of adequate supplies of water and 
power,  which  could  be  affected  by  government  policy  and  competing  businesses  in  the  area.  The  occurrence  of  these 
various  factors  and  uncertainties  cannot  be  accurately  predicted  and  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  mining  and 
exploration activities and financial condition. 

Future changes in applicable laws and regulations or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation 
could negatively impact current or planned exploration or mining activities at our Velardeña Properties or in respect of 
any of our other projects in Mexico or with which we become involved in Mexico. Any failure to comply with applicable 
laws  and  regulations,  even  if  inadvertent,  could  result  in  the  interruption  of  mining  and  exploration  or  material  fines, 
penalties or other liabilities. 

Most of our costs are subject to exchange control policies, the effects of inflation and currency fluctuations between 
the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso.  

Our  revenue  and  external  funding  are  primarily  denominated  in  U.S.  dollars.  However,  mining,  processing, 
maintenance and exploration costs at the Velardeña Properties and most of our exploration properties are denominated 
principally in Mexican pesos. These costs principally include electricity, labor, water, maintenance, local contractors and 
fuel. When inflation in Mexico increases without a corresponding devaluation of the Mexican peso, our financial position, 
results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. The annual average inflation rate in Mexico was 6.0% in 
2017, 2.8% in 2016 and 2.7% in 2015. At the same time, the peso has been subject to significant fluctuation, which may 
not have been proportionate to the inflation rate and may not be proportionate to the inflation rate in the future. The value 
of the peso increased by 5.0% in 2017, decreased by 19% in 2016 and decreased by 17% in 2015. In addition, fluctuations 

41 

 
 
 
 
in  currency  exchange rates may  have  a  significant  impact  on  our  financial  results.  There  can be no  assurance  that  the 
Mexican government will maintain its current policies with regard to the peso or that the peso's value will not fluctuate 
significantly in the future. We cannot assure you that currency fluctuations, inflation and exchange control policies will 
not have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, earnings and cash flows. 

If we are unable to obtain all of our required governmental permits or obtain property rights on favorable terms 
or at all, our business could be negatively impacted. 

Future  mining  and  current  processing  at  our Velardeña Properties,  the  continued  evaluation of  the El  Quevar 
project and other exploration activities will require additional permits from various governmental authorities. Our business 
is and will continue to be governed by laws and regulations governing mining, exploration, prospecting, exports, taxes, 
labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety, 
mining royalties and other matters. We may also be required to obtain certain property rights to access or use our properties. 
Obtaining or renewing licenses and permits, and acquiring property rights, can be complex and time-consuming processes. 
There can be no assurance that we will be able to acquire all required licenses, permits or property rights on reasonable 
terms or in a timely manner, or at all, and that such terms will not be adversely changed, that required extensions will be 
granted, or that the issuance of such licenses, permits or property rights will not be challenged by third parties. Delays in 
obtaining or a failure to obtain any licenses, permits or property rights or any required extensions; challenges to the issuance
of licenses, permits or property rights, whether successful or unsuccessful; changes to the terms of licenses, permits or 
property rights; or a failure to comply with the terms of any licenses, permits or property rights that have been obtained 
could have a material adverse effect on our business by delaying, preventing or making future mining and processing at 
our  Velardeña  Properties  and  other  continued  processing  activities  economically  unfeasible.  U.S.  or  international 
legislative  or  regulatory  action  to  address  concerns  about  climate  change  and  greenhouse  gas  emissions  could  also 
negatively impact our business. While we will continue to monitor and assess any new policies, legislation or regulations 
regarding such matters, we currently believe that the impact of such legislation on our business will not be significant. 

We depend on the services of key executives. 

Our business strategy is based on leveraging the experience and skill of our management team. We are dependent 
on the services of key executives, including Warren Rehn and Robert Vogels. Due to our relatively small size, the loss of 
any of these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees may have a material adverse 
effect on our business and our ability to manage and succeed in our mining and exploration activities. 

The exploration of our mineral properties is highly speculative in nature, involves substantial expenditures and is 
frequently non-productive. 

Mineral exploration is highly speculative in nature and is frequently non-productive. Substantial expenditures are 

required to: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

establish mineral reserves through drilling and metallurgical and other testing techniques; 

determine metal content and metallurgical recovery processes to process metal from the ore; 

determine the feasibility of mine development and production; and 

construct, renovate or expand mining and processing facilities. 

If we discover a deposit or ore at a property, it usually takes several years from the initial phases of exploration 
until production is possible. During this time, the economic feasibility of a project may change because of increased costs, 
lower metal prices or other factors. As a result of these uncertainties, we may not successfully acquire additional mineral 

42 

 
rights, or our exploration programs may not result in proven and probable reserves at all or in sufficient quantities to justify
developing the El Quevar project or any of our exploration properties. 

The decisions about future advancement of exploration projects may be based on feasibility studies, which derive 
estimates of mineral reserves, operating costs and project economic returns. Estimates of economic returns are based, in 
part, on assumptions about future metal prices and estimates of average cash operating costs based upon, among other 
things: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

anticipated tonnage, grades and metallurgical characteristics of ore to be mined and processed; 

anticipated recovery rates of silver and other metals from the ore; 

cash operating costs of comparable facilities and equipment; and 

anticipated climatic conditions. 

Actual cash operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those anticipated by 

our studies and estimates. 

Lack of infrastructure could forestall or prevent further exploration and advancement. 

Exploration activities, as well as any advancement activities, depend on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, 
bridges, power sources and water supply are important factors that affect capital and operating costs and the feasibility and 
economic viability of a project. Unanticipated or higher than expected costs and unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, 
or  government  or  other  interference  in  the  maintenance  or  provision  of  such  infrastructure,  could  adversely  affect  our 
business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Our exploration activities are in countries with developing economies and are subject to the risks of political and 
economic instability associated with these countries. 

We currently conduct exploration activities almost exclusively in countries with developing economies, including 
Argentina and Mexico. These countries and other emerging markets in which we may conduct business have from time to 
time  experienced  economic  or  political  instability.  We  may  be  materially  adversely  affected  by  risks  associated  with 
conducting exploration activities in countries with developing economies, including: 

(cid:120)

political instability and violence; 

(cid:120) war and civil disturbance; 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

acts of terrorism or other criminal activity; 

expropriation or nationalization; 

changing fiscal, royalty and tax regimes; 

fluctuations in currency exchange rates; 

high rates of inflation; 

uncertain or changing legal requirements respecting the ownership and maintenance of mineral properties, 
mines and mining activities, and inconsistent or arbitrary application of such legal requirements; 

43 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

underdeveloped industrial and economic infrastructure; 

corruption; and 

unenforceability of contractual rights. 

Changes in mining or investment policies or shifts in the prevailing political climate in any of the countries in 

which we conduct exploration activities could adversely affect our business. 

We conduct our business in countries that may be adversely affected by changes in the local government’s policies 
toward or laws governing the mining industry. 

We  have  exploration  activities  primarily  in  Mexico  and  Argentina.  In  these  regions  there  exist  uncertainties 
regarding future changes in applicable law related to mining and exploration. For instance, in January 2014, amendments 
to the Mexico federal corporate income tax law require titleholders of mining concessions to pay annually a 7.5% duty of 
their mining related profits and a 0.5% duty on revenues obtained from the sale of gold, silver and platinum that were 
effective March 2015. These additional duties applicable to Mexico mining concession titleholders will have a significant 
impact on the annual costs applicable to the Velardeña Properties if we have mining related profits or significant revenues 
in the future.

Additionally, effective January 2015, the Argentina National Mining Code was amended, increasing the annual 
canon payment by approximately four times. In 2016 and 2017, our annual canon fees payable to the Argentine government 
was $112,000 and $113,000 respectively, and we expect to pay approximately $115,000 in 2018.

In addition to the risk of increased transaction costs, we do not maintain political risk insurance to cover losses 
that we may incur as a result of nationalization, expropriation or similar events in Mexico or Argentina where we explore 
or have mining and processing activities.

We compete against larger and more experienced companies. 

The mining industry is intensely competitive. Many large mining companies are primarily makers of precious or 
base metals and may become interested in the types of deposits on which we are focused, which include silver, gold and 
other precious metals deposits or polymetallic deposits containing significant quantities of base metals, including zinc, 
lead and copper. Many of these companies have greater financial resources, experience and technical capabilities than we 
do. We may encounter increasing competition from other mining companies in our efforts to acquire mineral properties 
and hire  experienced  mining  professionals.  Increased  competition  in  our business  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to 
attract necessary capital funding or acquire suitable mining properties or prospects for mineral exploration in the future.

We are dependent on information technology systems, which are subject to certain risks, including cybersecurity 
risks and data leakage risks. 

We  are  dependent  upon  information  technology  systems  in  the  conduct  of  our  business.  Any  significant 
breakdown, invasion, virus, cyber attack, security breach, destruction or interruption of these systems by employees, others 
with authorized access to our systems, or unauthorized persons could negatively impact our business. To the extent any 
invasion, cyber attack or security breach results in disruption to our business, loss or disclosure of, or damage to, our data 
or  confidential  information,  our  reputation,  business,  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  could  be  materially 
adversely affected. Our systems and insurance coverage for protecting against cyber security risks may not be sufficient. 
Although to date we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyber attacks, we may suffer such losses in the 
future. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective 

44 

 
 
measures. We also may be subject to significant litigation, regulatory investigation and remediation costs associated with 
any information security vulnerabilities, cyber attacks or security breaches.

The existence of a significant number of warrants may have a negative effect on the market price of our common 
stock. 

In connection with our financing in May 2016, we issued five year warrants to acquire 6,000,000 shares of our 
common stock at $0.75 per share expiring in November 2021. In connection with our financing in September 2014, we 
issued five year warrants to acquire 4,746,000 shares of our common stock at $1.21 per share expiring in September 2019. 
Pursuant to the anti-dilution clauses in the September 2014 warrant agreements, the exercise price of the warrants has been 
adjusted  downward  as  a  result  of  the  subsequent  issuance  of  the  Company's  common  stock  in  separate  transactions, 
including pursuant to the Hecla Share Issuance (as defined herein), our ATM Program, the May 2016 financing, and the 
conversion of the Sentient Senior Secured Convertible Note (the “Sentient Note”). As a result of these transactions, the 
number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the September 2014 warrants was increased from the original 
4,746,000 shares to 5,478,172 shares (732,172 share increase) and the exercise price was reduced from the original $1.21 
per share to $0.87 per share. The existence of securities available for exercise and resale is referred to as an "overhang," 
and, particularly if the warrants are "in the money," the anticipation of potential sales could exert downward pressure on 
the market price of our common stock.

Failure to meet the maintenance criteria of the NYSE American may result in the delisting of our common stock, 
which could result in lower trading volumes and liquidity, lower prices of our common shares and make it more 
difficult for us to raise capital. 

Our  common  stock  is  listed  on  the  NYSE  American,  and  we  are  subject  to  its  continued  listing  requirements, 
including maintaining certain share prices and a minimum amount of shareholders equity. The market price of our common 
stock  has  been  and  may  continue  to  be  subject  to  significant  fluctuation.  If  we  are  unable  to  comply  with  the  NYSE 
American continued listing requirements, including its trading price requirements, our common stock may be suspended 
from  trading  on  and/or  delisted  from  the  NYSE  American.  Alternatively,  in  order  to  avoid  delisting  by  the  NYSE 
American, we may be required to effect a reverse split of our common stock. Although we have not been notified of any 
delisting proceedings, there is no assurance that we will not receive such notice in the future or that we will be able to then
comply  with  NYSE  American  listing  standards.  The  delisting  of  our  common  stock  from  the  NYSE  American  may 
materially  impair  our  stockholders'  ability  to  buy  and  sell  our  common  stock  and could  have  an  adverse  effect  on the 
market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. In addition, the delisting of our common 
stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital. 

If  our  common  stock  were  delisted  and  determined  to  be  a  “penny  stock,”  a  broker-dealer  could  find  it  more 
difficult to trade our common stock and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our common 
stock in the secondary market. 

If our common stock were removed from listing on the NYSE American, it may be subject to the so-called “penny 
stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a “penny stock” to be any equity security that has a market price 
per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions, such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange. 
For any transaction involving a “penny stock,” unless exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements on 
broker-dealers, subject to certain exceptions. If our common stock were delisted and determined to be a “penny stock,” a 
broker-dealer may find it more difficult to trade our common stock and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or 
dispose of our common stock on the secondary market. These factors could significantly negatively affect the market price 
of our common stock and our ability to raise capital.

45 

         
         
ITEM 1B:  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None. 

ITEM 3:  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None. 

ITEM 4:  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable. 

46 

PART II

ITEM 5:  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND 
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock began trading on the NYSE American under the symbol “AUMN” on March 19, 2010. The 
following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per share and volume traded on the NYSE American from 
January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017 

2016 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

2017 

First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

  High 

  Low 

Volume 
Traded 
(shares) 

$ 0.68
$ 0.94
$ 1.16
$ 0.84

$ 0.13     16,384,800  
$ 0.31     45,674,400  
$ 0.66     53,664,500  
$ 0.58     27,452,000  

  High 

  Low 

      Volume 
Traded 
(shares) 

$ 0.85
$ 0.68
$ 0.64
$ 0.50

$ 0.55    18,106,800
 9,827,800
$ 0.45   
 9,855,100
$ 0.48   
 7,101,300
$ 0.37   

Our common stock is also listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also referred to as the “TSX”, and trades under 
the symbol “AUMN”. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per share expressed in Canadian dollars 
and volume traded on the TSX from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017. 

2016 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

2017 
First Quarter 
Second Quarter 
Third Quarter 
Fourth Quarter 

(1) Prices are in Canadian dollars. 

  High 
  (Cdn$)(1)   (Cdn$)(1)  

Low 

     Volume 
Traded 
(shares) 

$ 0.93
$ 1.22
$ 1.51
$ 1.10

$ 0.19     1,543,600
$ 0.42     5,822,300
$ 0.88     5,043,100
$ 0.77     2,239,400

  High 
  (Cdn$)(1)   (Cdn$)(1)  

Low 

     Volume 
Traded 
(shares) 

$ 1.10
$ 0.88
$ 0.75
$ 0.62

$ 0.73     1,549,900
 676,900
$ 0.61   
 274,100
$ 0.59   
 550,400
$ 0.47   

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of February 27, 2018, we had 201 record holders of our common stock of record based upon the stockholders 

list provided by our transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. 

Dividends

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash 
dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to fund 
the growth of our business. 

ITEM 6:  SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected consolidated financial data for all periods presented has been derived from our audited financial 
statements for that period. Our financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The following selected consolidated financial data should 
be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  the  related  notes  thereto  and  “Management’s 
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this Form 10-K. 

Statement of Operations: 

Revenue 
Net Loss (1) 
Net Loss per common share 

Balance Sheet Data: 
Total assets 
Long term liabilities 
Dividends: 
Cash dividends declared per common share 

2017 

The Year Ended December 31,  
2016 
2015 
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 

2014 

2013 

6,691
(3,892)
(0.04)

$
6,400
$ (10,659)
(0.13)
$

$
8,071
$ (25,383)
(0.48)
$

$ 
 235   $ 10,680
$   (18,823)  $ (240,380)
(5.61)
$ 

 (0.41)  $

2017 

2016 

At December 31,  
2015 

2014 

2013 

13,077
3,138

$
$

14,008
4,398

$
$

17,001
2,840

$ 
$ 

 41,258   $
 4,334   $

54,881
2,655

— $

— $

— $

—   $

—

$
$
$

$
$

$

(1) The year ended December 31, 2015 includes a $13.2 million impairment of long-lived assets charge. The 

impairment charge is related to our Velardeña Properties in Mexico and is the result of the shutdown of mining and 
sulfide processing at the Velardeña Properties in November 2015, which was an event requiring an assessment of 
the recoverability of the Velardeña Properties assets. There were no such charges during the year ended December 
31, 2016. The year ended December 31, 2013 includes a $244.0 million impairment of long-lived assets charge and 
an $11.7 million impairment of goodwill charge. Both charges are related to our Velardeña Properties in Mexico 
and are the result of a significant decrease in metals prices during 2013 and the shutdown of mining and processing 
at the Velardeña Properties at the end of the second quarter 2013, which were events requiring an assessment of the 
recoverability of the Velardeña Properties assets.

48 

 
 
 
 
    
    
    
     
    
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
    
    
     
    
 
ITEM 7:  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You  should  read  the  following  discussion  and  analysis  of  our  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations 
together with our financial statements and related notes beginning on page F-1 in this annual report on Form 10-K. This 
discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual 
results  may  differ  materially  from  those  anticipated  in  these  forward-looking  statements  as  a  result  of  many  factors, 
including those set forth under “Risk Factors” in this annual report on Form 10-K.

Our Company

We were incorporated in Delaware under the Delaware General Corporation Law in March 2009, and are the 
successor  to  Apex  Silver  Mines  Limited  for  purposes  of  reporting  under  the  Exchange  Act.  During  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017, our only sources of income were revenues from the lease of our oxide plant, sales of non-core assets, 
and a tax refund received by an Argentine subsidiary. We incurred net operating losses for the years ended December 31, 
2017 and 2016. 

We remain focused on evaluating and searching for mining opportunities in North America (including Mexico) 
with near term prospects of mining, and particularly for properties within reasonable haulage distances of our Velardeña 
processing  plants.  We  are  also  reviewing  strategic  opportunities,  focusing  primarily  on  development  or  operating 
properties in North America, including Mexico.  During 2018, we also intend to continue evaluation activities at our El 
Quevar  exploration  property  in  Argentina  and  our  exploration  efforts  on  selected  properties  in  our  portfolio  of 
approximately 10 exploration properties located primarily in Mexico. 

2017 Highlights

  Velardeña Oxide Plant Lease Agreement 

In July 2015, we leased our Velardeña oxide plant to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company for 
an initial term of 18 months beginning July 1, 2015. The lease agreement contained several lease extension options, and 
in the third quarter 2016, the lease was extended through June 2017. The 2016 extension included an agreement under 
which Hecla would construct, at its cost, certain tailings expansion facilities to accommodate Hecla's increased use of 
tailings capacity in excess of an agreed amount, while preserving flexibility for future tailings expansions. The tailings 
expansion work began in early 2017 and is now completed. The parties agreed that Hecla would either leave unused at the 
end of the lease term an agreed amount of capacity in the expanded tailings facility, or construct an additional expansion 
at its cost. In connection with their agreement regarding tailings impoundment expansions, the parties agreed that Hecla 
had the right to extend the lease for an additional 18 months following June 30, 2017, or until December 31, 2018. On 
March 24, 2017, Hecla exercised its right to extend the lease until December 31, 2018. 

On August 2, 2017, we granted Hecla an option to extend the lease for an additional period of up to two years 
ending no later than December 31, 2020 (the “Extension Period”) in exchange for a $1.0 million cash payment and the 
purchase of $1.0 million, or approximately 1.8 million shares, of our common stock issued at a price of $0.55 per share, 
which was the undiscounted 30-day volume weighted average stock price at the time of the option agreement. Hecla must 
exercise the option to extend the lease no later than October 3, 2018. All of the fixed fees and throughput related charges 
remain the same as under the original lease. Similar volume limitations apply to any required future tailings expansions, 
which Hecla will fund, leaving unused at the end of the lease term an agreed amount of capacity in the expanded tailings 
facility. Hecla will have the right to terminate the lease during the Extension Period for any reason with 120 days’ notice. 
Hecla will also have a one-time right of first refusal to continue to lease the plant following a termination notice through 
December 31, 2020 if we decide to use the oxide plant for our own purposes before December 31, 2020.  

49 

Hecla is responsible for ongoing operation and maintenance of the oxide plant. During the year ended December 
31, 2017, Hecla processed approximately 131,000 tonnes of material through the oxide plant, resulting in total revenues 
to us of approximately $6.7 million, comprised of approximately $3.0 million for direct plant charges plus fixed fees and 
other net reimbursable costs totaling approximately $3.7 million. We incurred costs of approximately $2.1 million related 
to the services we provide under the lease and reported a net operating margin of approximately $4.5 million during the 
year ended December 31, 2017. We expect Hecla to continue to process material near the intended approximately 400 
tonnes per day rate during 2018, which would generate cash payments to us, net of reimbursable costs, of approximately 
$4.6 million during the full year 2018.  However, because Hecla has the right to terminate the lease on sixty days’ notice, 
there is no assurance that these amounts will be received. 

El Quevar 

In February 2018 we announced a revised estimate of mineralized material for the Yaxtché deposit at El Quevar 
based  on  re-modeling  existing  previously  released  data  using  updated  geologic  controls  and  a  modeling  method  that 
optimizes grade. See “Item 1 and 2: Business and Properties – El Quevar – Mineralized Material Estimate” above.   

We are evaluating plans for further exploration drilling to increase the size of the high grade silver resource at 
or near the Yaxtché deposit and for preparation of a PEA that will use the revised estimate of mineralized material for the 
Yaxtché deposit as a basis.  The Yaxtché deposit is open to the west and there are numerous drill intercepts with silver 
grades of economic interest in the nearby area that represent targets for further expansion.  We plan to continue to advance 
El Quevar as much as possible within the limits of our current exploration budget and remain open to finding a partner to 
contribute to the funding of further exploration and development.

During 2017, we received $1.1 million in refunds of previous VAT payments madein Argentina during 2012 
and 2013.  The refunds, available through certain provisions in the Argentina Mining Investment Law, have been pending 
for  several  years,  but  were  only  recently  approved for  payment  by  the Argentine  tax  authority.  In  February 2018, we 
received an additional $138,000 of VAT refunds and we have approximately $0.1 million of VAT refund claims remaining.   

Santa Maria  

Since 2015, we have completed test mining and processing of 7,500 tons from the Santa Maria mine west of 
Hildalgo de Parral, Chihuahua, with average grades 338 grams per tonne (“gpt”) silver and 0.7 gpt gold. In March 2017, a 
PEA was completed on our behalf by the engineering firm Tetra Tech, prepared pursuant to Canadian National Instrument 
43-101, based on an updated estimate of mineralized material. The PEA presented a base case assessment of developing 
Santa Maria’s mineral deposit. The PEA contemplates a 38-month underground mining operation at a mining rate of 200 
tonnes per day using a combination of cut and fill and other mining techniques, and custom milling at a local third-party 
flotation mill. Based on the assumptions in the PEA, we believe there may be potential to develop a small mining operation 
at Santa Maria. 

In  August  2017,  we  acquired  three  additional  claims  that  cover  the  eastward  extension  of  the  Santa  Maria 
vein. The new claims provide a 600 meter potential extension to the strike length of the vein system and add substantial 
downdip expansion potential.  In August 2017, we also commenced a new drill program targeting extensions of the vein 
deposit described in the PEA and recent estimate of mineralized material with the goal of expanding the existing estimate 
of mineralized material to improve the overall economics reported in the PEA. 

Through the end of 2017, we drilled 14 holes totaling approximately 3,300 meters, and have received completed 
assay results showing mineralized intercepts in most of the holes.  We increased the drill program from an original 2,000 
meters to approximately 4,800 meters due to the geologic complexity along the eastern extension and newly encountered 
mineralization on the western extension of the vein system. Based on the results of the 2017 drilling program, we anticipate 
that we will be able to increase the size of the existing mineralized material estimate, although the extent of that increase 

50 

has not yet been determined.  We are continuing to drill in 2018 and have completed 1,000 meters in five drill holes.  We 
will likely complete another 500 meters in three additional drill holes before completing the program, after which we plan 
to review the drill results and revise the existing PEA and mineralized material estimate. 

We have the right to acquire the Santa Maria property under two separate option agreements representing the total 
concessions that comprise the property for additional payments of $1.4 million, payable through April 2022. The first 
option agreement, covering concessions we acquired in August 2014, requires an additional approximately $0.7 million 
be paid to acquire a 100% interest in the concessions related to that option by continuing to make minimum payments of 
$0.1  in  2018  and  $0.2  in  each  of  the  years  2019  through  2021.    In  addition,  until  the  total  due  under  the  first  option 
agreement has been paid, the property owners have the right to 50% of any net profits from mining activities from the 
concessions related to the option, after reimbursement of all costs incurred by us since April 2015, to the extent that such 
net profit payments exceed the minimum payments.  The second option agreement, covering concessions recently acquired 
in August 2017, requires an additional approximately $0.7 million be paid to acquire a 100% interest in the concessions 
related to that option by making additional payments of $0.1 million in 2018 and $0.2 million in each of the years 2019 
through 2021. 

Celaya Farm-out  

In August 2016, our wholly owned Mexican subsidiary entered into an earn-in agreement with a 100% owned 
Mexican subsidiary of Electrum Global Holdings, L.P., a privately owned company (together “Electrum”), related to our 
Celaya exploration property in Mexico. We received an upfront payment of $0.2 million and Electrum agreed to incur 
exploration  expenditures  totaling  at  least  $0.5  million  within  the  first  year  of  the  agreement,  reduced  by  certain  costs 
Electrum previously incurred on the property since December 2015 in its ongoing surface exploration program. Electrum, 
at its option, can elect to acquire an undivided 60% interest in a joint venture company to be formed to hold the Celaya 
project after incurring exploration expenditures totaling $2.5 million during the initial first three years of the agreement. 
Electrum would serve as manager of the joint venture.  Prior to an amendment to the agreement, we would have been 
allowed to maintain a 40% interest in the Celaya project, following the initial three-year earn-in period, by contributing 
our pro-rata share of an additional $2.5 million in exploration or development expenditures incurred over a second three-
year period.  In February 2018, we amended the Celaya earn-in agreement to permit Electrum to earn, at its option, an 
additional 20% interest in the Celaya project in exchange for a payment of $1.0 million.  Electrum can now increase its 
total interest in the project to 80% by contributing 100% of the $2.5 million of additional expenditures required in the 
second  three-year  earn-in  period.    Following  the  second  earn-in  period  we  will  have  the  right  to  maintain  our  20% 
participating interest or our interest could ultimately be converted into a carried 10% net profits interest if we elect not to
participate as a joint venture owner. 

Electrum Global Holdings’ Mexican subsidiary, Minera Adularia, has reported the completion of 12,400 meters 
of drilling on the property in fifteen drill holes in their ongoing drill program through the end of 2017. Results to date show
intercepts of epithermal quartz vein mineralization with grades for gold, silver, lead and zinc that warrant further drill 
testing. 

Other Exploration Activities 

Mogotes.   During the fourth quarter 2017 we completed a 2,580 meter drill program on our Mogotes property on 
the El Mogote claim located 7 kilometers southeast of the town of Velardeña, Durango, Mexico. The drill program was 
planned to test an area of silicification and breccias hosted in volcanic rocks.  The altered area is exposed over a strike 
length  of  1.5  kilometers  and  a  width  of  about  500  meters.    Results  from  the  drill  program  showed  low  grade  gold 
mineralization in two of the holes.  The epithermal system appears to be more deeply centered than the surface geochemical 
values initially indicated.   

Additional targeting work is being carried out on the Mogotes claims including geologic mapping and sampling 

focused on several outcropping veins in the northern portion of the claims and on our adjacent Pistachon claim, part of 

51 

the Chicago mine holdings.  Previous work on the Mogotes property identified the possible continuation of Industrias 
Peñoles’ Santa Maria silver-zinc mine mineralization onto our Mogotes claims. 

The Mogotes property was purchased from Silver Standard Resources in 2015 and is wholly owned by one of 
Golden Minerals’ Mexican subsidiaries, subject to a 2% net smelter return royalty to Silver Standard and a pre-existing 
finder’s fee agreement (2% of direct exploration and development expenditures, capped at $365,000). 

Yoquivo.  In  October  2017  we  acquired  the  right  to  purchase  claims  covering  the  Yoquivo  District,  Ocampo 
Municipality,  Chihuahua  through  an  option  agreement.    The  Yoquivo  District  is  a  past  producing,  bonanza  grade 
epithermal vein gold and silver district located 35 kilometers southeast of the Ocampo Mining District.  We have the right 
to purchase six claims totaling 1,906 hectares for payment of $0.5 million over four years plus outstanding claim taxes 
totaling approximately $0.1 million.  No cash payments to the owner are due until the second anniversary of the agreement.  
The owner retains a 2% net smelter return royalty capped at $2.0 million. 

Zacatecas.  In April 2016, we entered into an option agreement under which Santacruz Silver Mining Ltd. may 
acquire our interest in certain nonstrategic mineral claims located in the Zacatecas Mining District, Zacatecas, Mexico for 
a series of payments totaling $1.5 million, including a final payment of $0.5 million due in April 2018. To date, Santacruz 
has paid us approximately $0.9 million.  We amended the option agreement in February 2018 to extend the due dates for 
the  remaining  series  of  payments  through  September  2018.    To  complete  the  acquisition  of  the  Zacatecas  Properties 
Santacruz must now make three additional payments of $225,000 each in March, June and September 2018.  Santacruz 
has  the  right  to  terminate  the  option  agreement  at  any  time,  and  the  agreement  could  be  terminated,  at  our  option,  if 
Santacruz fails to make subsequent payments when due. 

Rodeo.  During 2016, we completed a 2,080-meter core drilling program at the Rodeo property, approximately 
80 kilometers west of the Velardeña Properties in Durango Mexico. The results from the program revealed a gold and
silver bearing epithermal vein and breccia system with encouraging gold and silver values over an approximate 50 to 70
meter true width. The system is exposed at the top of a northwesterly striking ridge and dips steeply to the northeast over 
about one kilometer of strike length. During January 2017, the engineering firm of Tetra Tech completed an estimate of 
mineralized material at the Rodeo deposit, prepared pursuant to Canadian National Instrument 43-101, containing 3.3 gpt 
gold and 11 gpt silver for a total of 46,000 ounces of gold and 0.2 million ounces of silver. We believe this material, as 
currently identified, could provide additional mined material for our Velardeña oxide mill following the completion of the 
Hecla lease, currently set to expire December 31, 2020. 

In initial test work conducted during 2017, we have received confirmation of good gold and silver metallurgical 
recoveries for milled material. Bottle roll cyanide leach testing of the high-grade samples resulted in gold extractions of 
80 to 86 percent. Silver extractions ranged from 72 to 76 percent for all tests. Test work also indicates that the material is 
not suitable for gold and silver recovery by heap leaching. 

Due to the extension of the lease period for the oxide mill, plans to advance the Rodeo project have been delayed 

until later in 2018. 

Sale of Mining Equipment 

In  August  2016,  we  sold  certain  mining  equipment  consisting  of  two  haul  trucks,  two  scoop  trams  and  a 
compressor to Minera Indé, an indirect subsidiary of The Sentient Group, a related party, for $687,000. The equipment 
sold was excess equipment held at our Velardeña Properties that we did not expect to use. We used a third party consultant 
with experience in the used mining equipment market in Mexico to determine a fair value. We believe the price paid was 
at least equal to the fair market value of the equipment had it been sold through auction or in the open market. We received 
10% of the sales price at the closing of the sale in August, with the additional 90%, plus interest on the unpaid balance at 
an annual rate of 10%, due in February 2017.  

52 

With the approval of a Special Committee of our Board of Directors, we amended the original equipment sale 
with Minera Indé on March 31, 2017 to include the sale of an additional piece of excess equipment for $185,000 and 
extend the time for payment relating to the original equipment sale.  Upon execution of the amendment, we received an 
additional  payment  of  $100,000.  The  remaining  principal  and  interest  balance,  plus  additional  interest  on  the  unpaid 
balance at an annual rate of 10%, was amended to be due in August 2017.  On May 2, 2017, we received approximately 
$750,000 from  Minera Indé as  payment  in full  for  the  remaining balance  due related to  the  equipment  sale,  including 
interest through that date.  

At the Market Offering Program  

In December 2016, we entered into an at-the-market offering agreement (as amended from time to time, the “ATM 
Agreement”) with H. C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell 
shares  of  our  common  stock  through  Wainwright  as  sales  manager  in  an  at-the-market  offering  under  a  prospectus 
supplement for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $5.0 million or a maximum of 10 million shares.  The ATM Agreement 
will remain in full force and effect until the earlier of December 31, 2018, or until the date that the ATM Agreement is 
terminated in accordance with the terms therein. 

Through December 31, 2017, we have sold an aggregate of approximately 1,024,000 common shares under the 
ATM Program at an average price of $0.70 per common share for gross proceeds of approximately $720,000. We paid 
cash commissions and other nominal transaction fees to Wainwright totaling approximately $16,000 or 2.2% of the gross 
proceeds and incurred additional accounting, legal and regulatory costs of approximately $34,000.

Results of Operations

For  the  results  of  operations  discussed  below,  we  compare  the  results  of  operations  for  the  year  ended 

December 31, 2017 to the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

Revenue  from  oxide  plant  lease.  We  recorded  revenue  of  $6.7  million  and  $6.4  million  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively from the lease of our Velardeña oxide plant to Hecla. 

Oxide plant lease costs. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 we recorded $2.2 and $2.0 million, 
respectively of costs related to the oxide plant lease consisting primarily of reimbursable labor and utility costs which for 
accounting purposes were also included in revenue from the oxide plant lease.  

Exploration Expense.  Our exploration expense, including work at the Santa Maria, Mogotes and other properties, 
totaled $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Our exploration expense, including drilling at the San Luis del 
Cordero, Santa Maria, and Rodeo properties, totaled $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.  Exploration 
expense for both years was incurred primarily in Mexico and includes property holding costs, costs incurred by our local 
exploration offices, and allocated corporate administrative expenses. 

Velardeña shutdown and care and maintenance costs.  We recorded $1.6 million and $2.0 million for the years 
ended December 31,  2017  and  2016,  respectively,  for  expenses related  to  shut down  and  care  and  maintenance  at our 
Velardeña Properties  as  the result  of  the  suspension  of  mining  and processing  activities  in  November 2015. The 2016 
expense included certain one-time repair and maintenance costs associated with the plant shut down. 

El Quevar Project Expense.  During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 we incurred $0.8 million and 
$0.5 million of expenses, respectively, primarily related to holding costs at our El Quevar project in Argentina. The 2017 
expense included certain property evaluation costs not incurred in 2016. For both years, additional nominal costs incurred 
in Argentina and not related to the El Quevar project are included in “Exploration Expense”, discussed above. 

53 

 
Administrative  Expense.   Administrative  expenses  totaled $3.5 million  for  the  year  ended December 31, 2017 
compared to $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Administrative expenses, including costs associated with 
being a public company, are incurred primarily by our corporate activities in support of the Velardeña Properties, El Quevar 
project and our exploration portfolio.  The $3.5 million of administrative expenses we incurred during 2017 is comprised 
of  $1.6 million  of  employee  compensation  and  directors’  fees,  $0.8 million  of  professional  fees  and  $1.1 million  of 
insurance, rents, travel expenses, utilities and other office costs. The $3.9 million of administrative expenses we incurred 
during 2016 is comprised of $1.4 million of employee compensation and directors’ fees, $1.3 million of professional fees 
and $1.2 million of insurance, travel expenses, rents, utilities and other office costs. 

Stock based compensation.  During the year ended December 31, 2017 we incurred expense related to stock based 
compensation in the amount of $0.3 million compared to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. Stock based 
compensation varies from period to period depending on the number and timing of shares granted, the type of grant, the 
market value of the shares on the date of grant and other variables. The 2017 and 2016 stock based compensation amounts 
includes $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, related to KELTIP grants made to two officers (see Note 15 to the 
consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Form 10-K for a discussion of KELTIP grants). 

Reclamation and accretion expense.  During each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 we incurred 
$0.2 million of reclamation expense related to the accretion of an asset retirement obligation at the Velardeña Properties. 

Other  Operating  Income,  Net.    We  recorded  other  operating  income  of  $2.1 million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31,  2017  compared  to  $1.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2016.  The  net  amounts  for  both  years 
consist primarily of net gains recorded on the sales of certain fixed assets and non-strategic exploration properties. The 
2017 amount includes approximately $0.1 million related to the $1.0 million lease option extension payment received from 
Hecla.    The  lease  option  extension  payment  has  been  recorded  as  Deferred  Revenue  and  is  being  amortized  to  Other 
Operating Income on a straight-line basis from August 2, 2017 through December 31, 2020. 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization.  During the year ended December 31, 2017 we incurred depreciation, 
depletion and amortization expense of $1.0 million compared to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The 
decrease  in  depreciation,  depletion  and  amortization  expense  during  the  2017  period  is  primarily  the  result  of  certain 
equipment at our Velardeña Properties having been fully depreciated or sold. 

Interest expense.  During the year ended December 31, 2016 we recorded approximately $0.5 million of interest 
expense related to the Sentient Loan.  The remaining Sentient Loan was fully converted in June 2016 and at December 31, 
2016 and 2017 we had no outstanding debt.  For the year ended December 31, 2017 we did not record any interest expense. 

Interest and Other Income. During the year ended December 31, 2017 we recorded only a nil amount of interest 
and other income.  During the year ended December 31, 2016 we recorded approximately $0.4 million of interest and other 
income which included a refund of previously paid social security taxes in Mexico of approximately $0.4 million.   

Warrant loss.  For the year ended December 31, 2016 we recorded approximately $1.7 million of loss related to 
an increase in the fair value of the liability for warrants to acquire the Company’s stock. The warrant liability was recorded 
at fair value as of December 31, 2016 based primarily on a valuation performed by a third party expert using a Monte 
Carlo simulation, which falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.  The valuation method is discussed in detail in 
Note 13 of our consolidated financial statements. We did not record any warrant derivative gains or losses during 2017 
following  a  change  in  accounting  principle  and  the  subsequent  reclassification  of  the  warrant  liabilities  to  equity 
retroactively to the beginning of 2017 (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements filed as part of this Form 10-K). 

Derivative Loss.  For the year ended December 31, 2016 we recorded a $0.8 million loss related to the fair value 
adjustment to the beneficial conversion feature of the Sentient Note (as defined herein), which constitutes an imbedded 
derivative  (see  Note  10 of  our  consolidated  financial  statements  filed  as  part  of  this Form  10-K).  There were no  such 

54 

amounts  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  as  the  Sentient  Note  was  fully  converted  and  no  longer 
outstanding as of September 30, 2016. 

Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency.  We recorded a $0.1 million foreign currency loss in each of the years ended 
December 31, 2017 and 2016. Foreign currency gains and losses are primarily related to the effect of currency fluctuations 
on monetary assets net of liabilities held by our foreign subsidiaries that are denominated in currencies other than US 
dollars. 

Income Taxes.  We recorded $13,000 of income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 related to a 

Mexican subsidiary.  We recorded no tax expense or benefit for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2017, our aggregate cash and cash equivalents totaled $3.3 million, $0.7 million higher than the 
$2.6 million in similar assets held at December 31, 2016. The net increase resulted from the following expenditures and 
cash inflows for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Expenditures totaled $9.0 million from the following: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

$3.1  million  in  exploration  expenditures,  including  costs  related  to  drilling  at  the  Santa  Maria  and 
Mogotes properties; 

$1.6 million in care and maintenance costs at the Velardeña Properties;  

$0.8 million in evaluation activities, care and maintenance and property holding costs at the El Quevar 
project; and 

$3.5 million in general and administrative expenses.  

The foregoing expenditures were offset by cash inflows of $9.7 million from the following: 

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

(cid:120)

$4.5 million of net operating margin received pursuant to the oxide plant lease (defined as oxide plant 
lease revenue less oxide plant lease costs); 

$1.9 million from Hecla comprised of $1.0 million for an option to extend the oxide plant lease for an 
additional  period  of  up  to  two  years  and  $1.0  million  for  the  purchase  of  1.8  million  shares  of  the 
Company’s  common  stock  issued  at  a  price  of  $0.55  per  share,  less  $0.1  million  in  legal  and  stock 
exchange issuance costs; 

$1.1 million in refunds of previous VAT payments made in Argentina during 2012 and 2013;

$0.8 million from final payments related to the sale of excess mining equipment to Minera Indé; 

$0.7 million of net proceeds received from the issuance of our common stock under the ATM Program;  

$0.5 million from the farm out of certain nonstrategic mineral claims to Santacruz; 

$0.2  million  of  net  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  other  nonstrategic  exploration  properties  and  mining 
equipment. 

In  addition  to  our  $3.3  million  cash  balance  at  December  31,  2017,  during  2018  we  expect  to  receive 
approximately $4.6 million in net operating margin from the lease of the oxide plant and $0.7 million from Santacruz 

55 

related to the Zacatecas farm out.  In addition, subsequent to December 31, 2017 we received $1.0 million in net proceeds 
from an amendment to the farm out agreement of the Celaya property to Electrum. If no additional sales of common stock 
under the ATM Program occur, we project we would end 2018 with a cash balance of $1.5 million based on the following 
forecasted expenditures during 2018.  

(cid:120) Approximately $2.0 million on exploration activities and property holding costs related to our portfolio 
of exploration properties located primarily in Mexico, including project assessment and evaluation costs 
relating to Santa Maria, Yoquivo, and other properties;  

(cid:120) Approximately $1.5 million at the Velardeña Properties for care and maintenance; 

(cid:120) Approximately  $1.0  million  at  the  El  Quevar  project  to  fund  ongoing  exploration  and  evaluation 

activities, care and maintenance and property holding costs;  

(cid:120) Approximately $3.4 million on general and administrative costs; and 

(cid:120) Approximately $0.2 on other working capital. 

The actual amount of cash that we receive or the expenditures that we incur during 2018 and the projected cash 
balances at December 31, 2018 may vary significantly from the amounts specified above and will depend on a number of 
factors,  including  variations  from  anticipated  care  and  maintenance  costs  at  the  Velardeña  Properties  and  costs  for 
continued exploration, project assessment, and development at our other exploration properties, including Santa Maria, 
Yoquivo, and El Quevar. Moreover, if revenues from our oxide plant lease or payments from the exploration farm out 
agreement are less than anticipated, we may reduce our planned expenditures accordingly. 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis  under  which  an  entity  is 
considered to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business.  However, our continuing 
long-term  operations  are  dependent  upon  our  ability  to  secure  sufficient  funding  and  to  generate  future  profitable 
operations.    The  underlying  value  and  recoverability  of  the  amounts  shown  as  property,  plant  and  equipment  in  our 
consolidated  financial  statements  are  dependent  on  our  ability  to  generate  positive  cash  flows  from  operations  and  to 
continue  to  fund  exploration  and  development  activities  that  would  lead  to  profitable  mining  activities  or  to  generate 
proceeds from the disposition of property, plant and equipment.  There can be no assurance that we will be successful in 
generating future profitable operations or securing additional funding in the future on terms acceptable to us or at all.  We 
believe the continuing cash flow from the lease of the oxide plant and prior asset dispositions make it probable that we 
will have sufficient cash to meet our financial obligations and continue our business strategy beyond one year from the 
filing of our consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2017.    

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The selection and application of accounting policies is an important process that has developed as our business 
activities have evolved and as the accounting rules have changed. Accounting rules generally do not involve a selection 
among alternatives, but involve an implementation and interpretation of existing rules, and the use of judgment, to the 
specific set of circumstances existing in our business. Discussed below are the accounting policies that we believe are 
critical to our financial statements due to the degree of uncertainty regarding the estimates or assumptions involved and 
the magnitude of the asset, liability, revenue or expense being reported. 

Mineral Reserves

When and if we determine that a mineral property has proven and probable reserves, subsequent development 
costs are capitalized to mineral properties. When mineral properties are developed and operations commence, capitalized 

56 

costs are charged to operations using the units-of-production method over proven and probable reserves. “Mineralized 
material” as used in this annual report, although permissible under SEC’s Industry Guide 7, does not indicate “reserves” 
by SEC standards, and therefore all development costs incurred by us are expensed when incurred. The Company cannot 
be certain that any part of the deposits at the Velardeña Properties or the Yaxtché deposit at the El Quevar project will ever 
be confirmed or converted into SEC Industry Guide 7 compliant “reserves”. 

Asset Retirement Obligations

We record asset retirement obligations in accordance with Auditing Standards Codification (“ASC”) 410, “Asset 
Retirement and Environmental Obligations” (“ASC 410”), which establishes a uniform methodology for accounting for 
estimated reclamation and abandonment costs. According to ASC 410, the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement 
obligation (“ARO”) is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. 
An offsetting asset retirement cost is capitalized as part of the carrying value of the assets with which it is associated, and
depreciated over the useful life of the asset. 

Long Lived Assets

Long lived assets are recorded at cost and per the guidance of ASC 360 the Company assesses the recoverability 
of its long lived assets, including goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value 
of the assets may not be recoverable.  If the sum of estimated future net cash flows on an undiscounted basis is less than 
the carrying amount of the related asset, impairment is considered to exist. The related impairment loss is measured by 
comparing estimated future net cash flows on a discounted basis or by comparing other market indicators to the carrying 
amount of the asset. 

Table of Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2017: 

Contractual Obligations 

Operating leases(1) 

El Quevar and Velardeña 

concession payments(2) 

Total 

 567

 940

Less Than
1 Year 

1 - 3
Years

(in thousands of $) 

293

188

274

376

3 - 5 
Years 

— 

376 

More
Than 
5 Years

 —

—

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

The operating lease obligations are related to our corporate headquarters office in Golden, Colorado, 
which expires November 30, 2019, as well as another office lease associated with our Velardeña 
Properties. 

In 2018 and subsequent years, we expect to make annual maintenance payments of approximately 
$70,000 to the Mexico federal government to maintain the Velardeña Properties concessions and 
$25,000 to maintain related surface rights under a contract with the local community ejido.  In 2018 
and subsequent years, we expect to pay approximately $93,000 per year to the Argentina federal 
government in order to maintain our El Quevar concessions. 

We cannot currently estimate the life of the Velardeña Properties or El Quevar project. This table 
assumes that no annual maintenance payments will be made more than five years after December 31, 
2017. If we continue to hold the Velardeña Properties concessions beyond five years, we expect that 
we would make annual maintenance payments of approximately $70,000 per year for the life of the 

57 

   
 
  
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
Velardeña Properties concessions. If we continue to hold the El Quevar concessions beyond five years, 
we expect that we would make annual maintenance payments of approximately $93,000 per year for 
the life of the El Quevar concessions. 

From time to time we enter into lease or option agreements related to exploration properties that are of interest 

to us. These agreements typically contain escalating payments required to maintain our exploration rights to the property. 
Such agreements are not included in the above table because exploration success is historically low and we have the right 
to terminate the agreements at any time. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements. 

ITEM 7A:  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

We invest substantially all of our excess cash with high credit-quality financial institutions or in U.S. 
government and debt securities rated “investment grade” or better. The rates received on such investments may fluctuate 
with changes in economic conditions. Based on the average cash, restricted cash, investments and restricted investment 
balances outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2017, a 1.0% decrease in interest rates would have resulted in 
a reduction in interest income for the period of less than approximately $0.1 million. 

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Although most of our expenditures are in U.S. dollars, certain purchases of labor, supplies and capital assets are 
denominated  in  other  currencies.  As  a  result,  currency  exchange  fluctuations  may  impact  the  costs  of  our  mining  and 
exploration activities. To reduce this risk, we maintain minimum cash balances in foreign currencies and complete most 
of our purchases in U.S. dollars. 

Commodity Price Risk

We are primarily engaged in the exploration and mining of properties containing silver, gold, zinc, lead and other 
minerals. As a result, decreases in the price of any of these metals have the potential to negatively impact our ability to 
establish  reserves  and  mine  on  our  properties.  For  further  detail  regarding  the  effect  on  our  expected  cash  flow  from 
fluctuations  in  silver  and  gold  prices,  see  “Item 7:  Management’s  Discussion  and  Analysis—Liquidity  and  Capital 
Resources” above. 

ITEM 8:  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The consolidated financial statements and supplementary information filed as part of this Item 8 are listed under 
Part IV, Item 15, “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules” and contained in this annual report on Form 10-K at page F-
1. 

ITEM 9:  CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None. 

58 

ITEM 9A:  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The management of Golden Minerals Company has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation 
of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as 
of December 31, 2017. 

Based on  that evaluation,  the  Chief Executive Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer have  concluded  that,  as of 
December 31,  2017,  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rules 13a-15(e) and  15d-15(e) under  the 
Exchange Act) were effective and designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) information required to be disclosed 
in  our  reports  filed  under  the  Exchange  Act  is  recorded,  processed,  summarized  and  reported  within  the  time  periods 
specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) information is accumulated and communicated to management, including 
the  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  as  appropriate  to  allow  timely  decisions  regarding  required 
disclosures. 

The management of Golden Minerals, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does 
not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors
and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, 
assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. 

Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of 
controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation 
of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have 
been detected. 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined  in  Rule 13a-15(f) under  the  Exchange  Act).  Under  the  supervision  and  with  the  participation  of  management, 
including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control 
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by 
the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (COSO)  in  Internal  Control—Integrated 
Framework. Based on our assessment, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over 
financial reporting is effective based on these criteria. 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the year ended 
December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting. 

ITEM 9B:  OTHER INFORMATION

None. 

59 

PART III

ITEM 10:  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

For  Information  regarding  our  executive  officers,  see  “Items 1  and  2:  Business  and  Properties—Executive 

Officers of Golden Minerals” and “Items 1 and 2: Business and Properties—Board of Directors of Golden Minerals.” 

Additional information is incorporated by reference from the information in our proxy statement for the 2018 
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the 
end of the fiscal year to which this report relates. 

We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, including the principal executive officer, 
principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, and those of our officers performing similar functions. The full 
text  of  our  code  of  ethics  can  be  found  on  the  Corporate  Governance  page on  our  website.  In  the  event  our  Board  of 
Directors approves an amendment to or waiver from any provision of our code of ethics, we will disclose the required 
information pertaining to such amendment or waiver on our website. 

ITEM 11:  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Incorporated  by  reference  from  the  information  in  our  proxy  statement  for  the  2018  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of the fiscal 
year to which this report relates. 

ITEM 12:  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Incorporated  by  reference  from  the  information  in  our  proxy  statement  for  the  2018  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of the fiscal 
year to which this report relates. 

ITEM 13:  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 
INDEPENDENCE

Incorporated  by  reference  from  the  information  in  our  proxy  statement  for  the  2018  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of the fiscal 
year to which this report relates. 

ITEM 14:  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Incorporated  by  reference  from  the  information  in  our  proxy  statement  for  the  2018  Annual  Meeting  of 
Stockholders, which we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the end of the fiscal 
year to which this report relates. 

60 

ITEM 15:  EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

PART IV

a.

Documents filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K or incorporated by reference: 

(1)

(2)

(3)

Our consolidated financial statements are listed on the “Index to Financial Statements” on 
Page F-1 to this report. 

Financial Statement Schedules (omitted because they are either not required, are not 
applicable, or the required information is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements or 
related notes). 

The following exhibits are filed with this annual report on Form 10-K or incorporated by 
reference. 

61 

ITEM 16: PREPARATION OF STATEMENT OR REPORT 

Not applicable 

Exhibit 
Number 

EXHIBITS

Description 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

3.4 

4.1 

4.2 

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Golden Minerals Company.(2)

First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Golden Minerals 
Company.(3)

Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Golden Minerals 
Company. (17)

Bylaws of Golden Minerals Company.(2) 

Specimen of Common Stock Certificate.(4)

  Warrant Agreement by and between Golden Minerals Company and Computershare Trust Company 
N.A. dated as of September 19, 2012, as amended by Amendment No. 1 dated as of March 7, 2014, as 
further amended by Amendment No. 2 dated as of May 2, 2016.(1) (16)

4.3 

  Warrant by and between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources Fund IV, L.P. 

dated as of September 19, 2012.(1)

4.4 

  Warrant Agreement by and between Golden Minerals Company and Computershare Trust Company 

N.A. dated as of September 10, 2014 (Public Offering). (11)

4.5 

  Warrant Agreement by and between Golden Minerals Company and Computershare Trust Company 
N.A. dated as of September 10, 2014 (Sentient Private Placement), as amended by Amendment No. 1 
dated as of May 2, 2016. (12) (16)

4.6 

  Warrant Agreement by and between Golden Minerals Company and Computershare Trust Company 

N.A., dated as of May 6, 2016. (16) 

10.1 

Form of Indemnification Agreement.(2)

10.2 

Form of Change of Control Agreement.(2)

10.3 

Amendment No. 1 to Change of Control Agreement.(5)

10.4 

Golden Minerals Company Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.(6)

62 

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.5 

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Pursuant to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan.(7)

10.6 

Non-Employee Directors Deferred Compensation and Equity Award Plan.(7)

10.7 

10.8 

10.9 

10.10 

10.11 

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2009 
Equity Incentive Plan.(8)

Registration Rights Agreement by and among Golden Minerals Company, Sentient Global Resources 
Fund III, L.P., SGRF III Parallel I, L.P. and Sentient Global Resources Fund IV, L.P. dated as of 
October 7, 2011.(9)

Registration Rights Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources 
Fund IV, L.P. dated as of September 19, 2012.(1)

Subscription Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources 
Fund IV, L.P. dated as of September 10, 2014.(12)

Registration Rights Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources 
Fund IV, L.P. dated as of September 10, 2014.(11)

10.12 

Golden Minerals Company 2013 Key Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan.(10)

10.13 

10.14 

10.15 

10.16 

10.17 

10.18 

  Master Agreement and Lease Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2015, by and between Minera William 
S.A de C.V. and Minera Hecla, S.A. de C.V., as amended by the First Amendment to Master 
Agreement and Lease Agreement, dated as of July 1, 2016, as further amended by the Second 
Amendment to the Master Agreement and Lease Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2017. (13) (21) 
(23)

Contract of Mining Exploration and Exploitation, dated as of November 13, 2015, by and between 
Minera William S.A. de C.V. and Minera Fumarola, S.A. de C.V, a wholly owned subsidiary of 
Prospero Silver Corp. (14)

Registration Rights Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources 
Fund IV, L.P. dated as of February 11, 2016.(15)

Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and certain institutional 
investors, dated as of May 2, 2016. (16) 

Registration Rights Agreement between Golden Minerals Company and Sentient Global Resources 
Fund IV, L.P. dated as of June 10, 2016. (18)

Assignment of Rights Agreement between Minera William, S.A. de C.V. and Golden Tag de Mexico, 
S.A. de C.V. dated as of August 2, 2016. (19)

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.19 

Form of Unit Agreement Pursuant to the 2013 Key Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan. (20) 

10.20 

10.21 

At the Market Offering Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2016, between Golden Minerals 
Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC. (22) 

Option Agreement, dated as of August 2, 2017, between Golden Minerals Company and Hecla 
Mining Company. (23) 

21.1 

Subsidiaries of the Company.*

23.1 

Consent of EKS&H LLLP.*

23.2 

Consent of Tetra Tech.*

23.3 

Consent of Wood Group PLC *

31.1 

31.2 

32.1 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-
14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).*

Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Periodic Report Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-
14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).*

Certificate of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 
18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).**

101.INS 

XBRL Instance Document* 

101.SCH 

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document* 

101.CAL 

XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document* 

101.DEF 

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document* 

101.LAB 

XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document* 

101.PRE 

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document* 

(1) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 19, 2012. 

(2) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 30, 2009. 

(3) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 9, 2011. 

(4) Incorporated by reference to our Form S-1/A Registration Statement filed November 16, 2009. 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 28, 2013. 

(6) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 6, 2014. 

(7) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 10, 2009. 

(8) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 4, 2010. 

(9) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 11, 2011. 

(10) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 18, 2013. 

(11) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 10, 2014. 

(12) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 6, 2014. 

(13) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 20, 2015. 

(14) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2015. 

(15) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2016. 

(16) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2016. 

(17) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2016. 

(18) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 14, 2016. 

(19) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2016. 

(20) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 11, 2016. 

(21) Incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 3, 2016. 

(22) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2016. 

(23) Incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 3, 2017. 

*     Filed herewith. 
**   Furnished herewith. 

65 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has 

duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

SIGNATURES

Dated: March 1, 2018 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY  
Registrant 

By:

/s/ WARREN M. REHN 
Warren M. Rehn 
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 

Signature 

Title 

Date 

/s/ WARREN M. REHN 
Warren M. Rehn 

/s/ ROBERT P. VOGELS 
Robert P. Vogels 

  President and Chief Executive Officer  

  March 1, 2018 

(Principal Executive Officer) 

  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

  March 1, 2018 

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

/s/ JEFFREY G. CLEVENGER    Chairman of the Board of Directors 

  March 1, 2018 

Jeffrey G. Clevenger 

/s/ W. DURAND EPPLER 
W. Durand Eppler 

  Director 

/s/ IAN MASTERTON-HUME    Director 

Ian Masterton-Hume 

/s/ KEVIN R. MORANO 
Kevin R. Morano 

  Director 

/s/ TERRY M. PALMER 
Terry M. Palmer 

  Director 

/s/ ANDREW N. PULLAR 
Andrew N. Pullar 

  Director 

/s/ DAVID H. WATKINS 
David H. Watkins 

  Director 

66 

  March 1, 2018 

  March 1, 2018 

  March 1, 2018 

  March 1, 2018 

  March 1, 2018 

  March 1, 2018 

 
 
 
 
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA INDEX

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016

Page
F-2

F-3

F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016  

F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-6

F-7

F-1

 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors 
Golden Minerals Company 
Golden, Colorado 

OPINION ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Golden  Minerals  Company  and  subsidiaries  (the 
"Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive 
loss, changes in equity, and cash flows, for each year in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related 
notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations 
and its cash flows for each year in the two-year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America. 

BASIS FOR OPINION 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public 
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the 
Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and 
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform 
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether 
due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control 
over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial 
reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over 
financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether 
due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a 
test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating 
the  accounting  principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall 
presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

/s/ EKS&H LLLP

March 1, 2018 
Denver, Colorado 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013. 

F-2

 
    
 
 
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in United States dollars) 

Assets 
Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 4) 
Short-term investments (Note 4) 
Lease receivables 
Inventories, net (Note 6) 
Value added tax receivable, net (Note 7) 
Related party receivable (Note 23) 
Prepaid expenses and other assets (Note 5)

Total current assets 

Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 8) 

Total assets 

Liabilities and Equity 
Current liabilities 

Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities (Note 9)
Deferred revenue, current (Note 16) 
Other current liabilities 
Total current liabilities 

Asset retirement and reclamation liabilities (Note 11)
Deferred revenue, non-current (Note 16) 
Warrant liability - related party (Note 13) 
Warrant liability (Note 13) 
Other long term liabilities 
Total liabilities 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 20) 

Equity (Note 15) 

December 31,   
2017 

December 31,  
2016 

(in thousands, except share data)  

$ 

$ 

$ 

 3,250   $
 238  
 314  
 242  
 148  
 —  
 745  
 4,937  
 8,140  
 13,077   $

 1,556   $
 293  
 9  
 1,858  
 2,495  
 600  
 —  
 —  
 43  
 4,996  

2,588
334
380
245
5
643
578
4,773
9,235
14,008

1,224
—
24
1,248
2,434
—
976
922
66
5,646

Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 91,929,709 and 
89,020,041 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Additional paid in capital 
Accumulated deficit  
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

Shareholders' equity 
Total liabilities and equity  

 919  
 516,284  
    (509,082) 
 (40) 
 8,081  
 13,077   $

$ 

889
495,455
(488,037)
55
8,362
14,008

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-3

 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in United States dollars) 

Revenue: 

Oxide plant lease (Note 16) 

Total revenue 
Costs and expenses: 

Oxide plant lease costs (Note 16) 
Exploration expense 
El Quevar project expense 
Velardeña shutdown and care and maintenance costs
Administrative expense 
Stock based compensation 
Reclamation expense 
Other operating income, net (Notes 7 and 8)
Depreciation and amortization 

Total costs and expenses 

Loss from operations 

Other income and (expense): 
Interest expense (Note 10) 
Interest and other income (Note 17) 
Warrant derivative loss (Notes 3 and 18)  
Derivative loss (Note 18) 
Loss on debt extinguishment (Note 10) 
Loss on foreign currency 

Total other income (expense) 

Loss from operations before income taxes 
Income tax expense 
Net loss 

Comprehensive loss, net of tax: 

Unrealized (loss) gain on securities 
Comprehensive loss 

Net loss per common share — basic 

Loss 

Year Ended  
December 31,  

2017 

2016 

  (in thousands, except per share data)

$

 6,691   $ 
 6,691  

6,400
6,400

 (2,189) 
 (3,091) 
 (822) 
 (1,589) 
 (3,512) 
 (296) 
 (196) 
 2,093  
 (952) 
 (10,554) 
 (3,863) 

 —  
 37  
 —  
 —  
 —  
 (53) 
 (16) 
 (3,879) 
 (13) 
 (3,892)  $ 

(2,046)
(3,718)
(508)
(2,016)
(3,890)
(593)
(192)
1,790
(1,548)
(12,721)
(6,321)

(515)
390
(1,688)
(778)
(1,653)
(94)
(4,338)
(10,659)
—
(10,659)

 (95) 
 (3,987)  $ 

182
(10,477)

(0.04)  $ 

(0.13)
   81,651,896

$

$

$

Weighted average Common Stock outstanding - basic (1) 

90,468,606  

(1) Potentially dilutive shares have not been included because to do so would be anti-dilutive 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-4

 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Expressed in United States dollars) 

  Accumulated 

Common Stock 

Shares 

  Amount 

  Additional
Paid-in 
  Capital 
(in thousands except share data) 

Deficit 

Other 

Income (loss) 

  Accumulated    Comprehensive  

Total 
Equity 

    53,335,333   $

 317,968

 27,366,740

 8,000,000

—
—

    89,020,041   $

 534   $ 484,742   $ (477,378)  $ 

 (127)  $  7,771

2

273

80

—
—

250

6,944

3,519

—  

—  

—  

—
—

—  
(10,659) 

 889   $ 495,455   $ (488,037)  $ 

 — 

 — 

 — 

252

7,217

3,599

182
 182 
 — 
(10,659)
 55   $  8,362

—

—

19,046

(17,148) 

 — 

1,898

 89,020,041   $

 889   $ 514,501   $ (505,185)  $ 

 55   $  10,260

 200,000

 1,024,392

 1,811,015

 (125,739)

—

—
—

1

10

18

1

—

—
—

196

671

912

(1)

5

—
—

—  

—  

—  

—  

(5) 

—  
(3,892) 

    91,929,709   $

 919   $ 516,284   $ (509,082)  $ 

 — 

 — 

 — 

 —

 —

197

681

930

—

—

(95)
 (95)
 — 
(3,892)
 (40)  $  8,081

Balance, December 31, 2015 
Stock compensation accrued and 
shares issued for vested stock awards    
Shares issued on conversion of 
Sentient Note (Note 10) 
Registered offering common stock, 
net and warrants (Note 15) 
Unrealized gain on marketable equity 
securities, net of tax 
Net loss  
Balance, December 31, 2016 
Cumulative adjustment related to 
change in accounting principle (Note 
3) 
Adjusted balance at January 1, 
2017 
Stock compensation accrued and 
shares issued for vested stock awards    
Shares issued under the at-the-market 
offering agreement, net (Note 15) 
Consideration shares sold to Hecla, 
net (Notes 15 and 16) 
Cancellation of treasury shares (Note 
15) 
Deemed dividend on warrants (Note 
3) 
Unrealized loss on marketable equity 
securities, net of tax 
Net loss  
Balance, December 31, 2017 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-5

 
 
 
 
     
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
     
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in United States dollars) 

Cash flows from operating activities: 

Net cash used in operating activities (Note 19)

Cash flows from investing activities: 

Proceeds from sale of assets 
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment

Net cash from investing activities 
Cash flows from financing activities: 

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs

Net cash from financing activities 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 

Year Ended  
December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

$ 

 (1,630)  $

(6,205)

 762  
 (81) 
 681   $

 1,611  
 1,611   $
 662  
 2,588  
 3,250   $

1,167
(50)
1,117

3,599
3,599
(1,489)
4,077
2,588

$ 

$ 

$ 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-6

 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Expressed in United States dollars)

1.

Nature of Operations

The Company is a mining company, holding a 100% interest in the Velardeña and Chicago precious metals mining 
properties and associated oxide and sulfide processing plants in Mexico (the “Velardeña Properties”).  During November 
2015 the Company suspended mining and sulfide processing activities at its Velardeña Properties in order to conserve the 
asset  until  the Company  is  able  to develop  mining  and processing plans  that  at  then current  prices for  silver  and gold 
indicate a sustainable positive operating margin (defined as revenues less costs of sales) or the Company is able to locate, 
acquire  and  develop  alternative  mineral  sources  that  could  be  economically  mined  and  transported  to  the  Velardeña 
Properties for processing.  The Company expects to incur approximately $0.4 million in quarterly care and maintenance 
costs at the Velardeña Properties while mining and processing remain suspended.   

The  Company  has retained  a  core group of  employees  at  the  Velardeña Properties,  most  of  whom  have been 
assigned to operate and provide administrative support for the oxide plant, which is leased to a subsidiary of Hecla Mining 
Company  (“Hecla”)  and  not  affected  by  the  shutdown.    The  oxide  plant  began  processing  material  for  Hecla  in  mid-
December 2015, and the Company received net cash flow under the lease of approximately $4.5 million and $4.4 million 
in 2017 and 2016 respectively.  During March 2017, Hecla exercised its right to extend the lease through December 31, 
2018. On August 2, 2017, the Company granted Hecla an option to extend the lease for an additional period of up to two 
years  ending  no  later  than  December  31, 2020  in  exchange  for  a $1.0 million  cash payment  and  the  purchase  of $1.0 
million, or approximately 1.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock, issued at a price of $0.55 per share, which 
was  the  undiscounted  30-day  volume  weighted  average  stock  price  at  the  time  of  sale  (see  Note  15).      The  retained 
employees  also  include  an  exploration  group  and  an  operations  and  administrative  group  to  continue  to  advance  the 
Company’s plans in Mexico, oversee corporate compliance activities, and to maintain and safeguard the longer term value 
of the Velardeña Properties assets. 

The Company remains focused on evaluating and searching for mining opportunities in North America (including 
Mexico) with near term prospects of mining, and particularly for properties within reasonable haulage distances of our 
processing plants at the Velardeña Properties. The Company is also reviewing strategic opportunities, focusing primarily 
on development or operating properties in North America, including Mexico. The Company is continuing its exploration 
efforts on selected properties in its portfolio of approximately 10 exploration properties located primarily in Mexico.  The 
Company is also conducting evaluation activities at its El Quevar advanced exploration property in Argentina and remains 
open to finding a partner to contribute to the funding of further exploration.  

The Company is considered an exploration stage company under the criteria set forth by the SEC as the Company 
has not yet demonstrated the existence of proven or probable mineral reserves, as defined by SEC Industry Guide 7, at the 
Velardeña Properties, or any of the Company’s other properties.  As a result, and in accordance with GAAP for exploration 
stage companies, all expenditures for exploration and evaluation of the Company’s properties are expensed as incurred. 
As such the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of mining companies that 
do  have  proven  and  probable  mineral  reserves.    Such  companies  would  typically  capitalize  certain  development  costs 
including infrastructure development and mining activities to access the ore. The capitalized costs would be amortized on 
a units-of-production basis as reserves are mined. The amortized costs are typically allocated to inventory and eventually 
to cost of sales as the inventories are sold.  As the Company does not have proven and probable reserves, substantially all 
expenditures at the Company’s Velardeña Properties for mine construction activity, as well as costs associated with the 
mill facilities, and for items that do not have a readily identifiable market value apart from the mineralized material, have 
been expensed as incurred. Such costs are charged to cost of metals sold or project expense during the period depending 
on the nature of the costs. Certain of the costs may be reflected in inventories prior to the sale of the product. The term 
“mineralized material” as used herein, although permissible under SEC Industry Guide 7, does not indicate “reserves” by 

F-7

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

SEC standards. The Company cannot be certain that any deposits at the Velardeña Properties or any other exploration 
property will ever be confirmed or converted into SEC Industry Guide 7 compliant “reserves”. 

2.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  U.S.  GAAP.  The 
preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions 
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. 
The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates and assumptions relate to mineralized material and 
related future metals prices that are the basis for future cash flow estimates utilized in impairment calculations and units-
of-production depreciation, depletion and amortization calculations; environmental reclamation and closure obligations; 
estimates of recoverable metals in stockpiles; valuation allowances for deferred tax assets and the fair value of financial 
instruments. The Company based its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed 
to  be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.  Actual  results  may  differ  significantly  from  these  estimates  under  different 
assumptions or conditions. 

The policies adopted, considered by management to be significant, are summarized as follows: 

a.  Basis of consolidation 

All  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  subsidiaries  are  100%  owned  and  as  such  the  Company  does  not  have  a 
noncontrolling  interest  in  any  of  its  subsidiaries.   All  intercompany  transactions  and balances  have been  eliminated  at 
consolidation. 

b.  Translation of foreign currencies 

Substantially all expenditures and sales are made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, the Company and its subsidiaries 

use the U.S. dollar as their functional and reporting currency.

c.  Cash and cash equivalents 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to 

be cash equivalents. 

d.  Inventories

Materials and supplies inventories are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Cost includes 
applicable  taxes  and  freight.  The  Company  routinely  counts  and  evaluates  its  material  and  supplies  to  determine  the 
existence of any obsolete stock that is subject to impairment. 

e.   Mining properties, exploration and development costs 

The Company expenses general prospecting costs and the costs of acquiring and exploring unevaluated mineral 
properties. When a mineral property is determined to have proven and probable reserves, subsequent development costs 
are capitalized to mineral properties.  For acquired mineral properties with proven and probable reserves, the Company 
capitalizes acquisition costs and subsequent development costs.  When mineral properties are developed and operations 

F-8

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

commence, capitalized costs are charged to operations using the units-of-production method over proven and probable 
reserves. Upon abandonment or sale of a mineral property, all capitalized costs relating to the specific property are written 
off  in  the period  abandoned or  sold  and  a gain  or  loss  is recognized  in  the  accompanying  Consolidated  Statements  of 
Operations and Comprehensive Loss. 

As discussed in Note 1, the Company is considered an exploration stage company under the criteria set forth by 
the SEC since it has not yet demonstrated the existence of proven or probable reserves at the Velardeña Properties, or any 
of  the  Company’s  other  properties.  As  such,  the  Company  expenses  costs  as  incurred  related  to  any  extraction  of 
mineralized material at its Velardeña Properties.  The Company established a cost basis for the mineralized material at the 
Velardeña Properties as a result of purchase accounting for the Company’s business combination transaction with ECU 
Silver Mining Inc. (“ECU”) in September 2011, the transaction pursuant to which the Company acquired the Velardeña 
Properties.  Mineral  properties  acquired  in  the  ECU  merger  were  recorded  at  estimated  fair  market  value  based  on 
valuations performed with the assistance of an independent appraisal firm and a minerals engineering company. Although 
the Company has not demonstrated the existence of proven and probable reserves, and the Company has not completed a 
pre-feasibility economic assessment, the Company had established the existence of mineralized material that was used in 
assigning  value  to  mineral  properties for purchase  accounting purposes.  The  subsequent  extraction of  this  mineralized 
material has provided a reasonable basis for the calculation of units-of-production depreciation for the cost basis in the 
mineral properties. 

On a quarterly basis the Company evaluates its exploration properties to determine if they meet the Company’s 
minimum requirements for continued evaluation.  The rights to the properties that do not meet the minimum requirements 
are relinquished and the carrying values, if any, are written off and reflected in “Other operating income, net” on the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

f.  Property, plant and equipment and long lived asset impairment 

Buildings are depreciated using the straight–line method over the estimated useful lives of 30 to 40 years or the 
life of the mine whichever is shorter.  Mining equipment and machinery, excluding the plant, are depreciated using the 
straight-line method over useful lives of three to eight years or the lease period, whichever is shorter.  Mineral properties 
and  the  plant  are  depreciated  using  units  of  production  based  on  estimated  mineralized  material.    Other  furniture  and 
equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to five years.   

As discussed above, the Company does not have any properties with proven or probable reserves including the 

Velardeña Properties. 

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and per the guidance of ASC 360 the Company assesses the 
recoverability  of  its  property,  plant  and  equipment,  including  goodwill,  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances 
indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable.  If the sum of estimated future net cash flows on an 
undiscounted basis is less than the carrying amount of the related asset, impairment is considered to exist. The related 
impairment loss is measured by comparing estimated future net cash flows on a discounted basis or by comparing other 
market indicators to the carrying amount of the asset. 

The Company evaluated its remaining long lived assets at December 31, 2016 and 2017, and determined that no 

impairment was required. 

F-9

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

g.  Asset Retirement Obligations 

The Company records asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) in accordance with ASC 410, “Asset Retirement and 
Environmental  Obligations”  (“ASC  410”),  which  establishes  a  uniform  methodology  for  accounting  for  estimated 
reclamation and abandonment costs. According to ASC 410, the fair value of an ARO is recognized in the period in which 
it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. An offsetting asset retirement cost (“ARC”) is capitalized 
as part of the carrying value of the assets with which it is associated, and depreciated over the useful life of the asset (see
Note 11). 

The Company prepares estimates of the timing and amount of expected cash flows when an ARO is incurred. The 
fair value of the ARO is measured by discounting the expected cash flows using a discount rate that reflects the credit 
adjusted risk-free rate of interest. The Company records the fair value of an ARO when it is incurred and layer adjustments 
of the ARO are recorded as an adjustment to the corresponding ARC. The ARO is adjusted to reflect the passage of time 
(accretion cost) calculated by applying the discount rate implicit in the initial fair value measurement to the beginning-of-
period carrying amount of the ARO. The Company records accretion costs to expense as incurred. 

h.  Revenue Recognition 

The Company recognizes oxide plant lease fees and reimbursements for labor, utility and other costs as "Revenue 
from Oxide plant lease" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss following the guidance of 
ASC 605 regarding "income statement characterization of reimbursements received for "out-of-pocket" expenses incurred" 
and "reporting revenue gross as a principal versus net as an agent". ASC 605 supports recording as gross revenue fees 
received  for  the  reimbursement  of  expenses  in  situations  where  the  recipient  is  the  primary  obligor  and  has  certain 
discretion in the incurrence of the reimbursable expense. The actual costs incurred for the reimbursed labor, utility and 
other costs are reported as "Oxide plant lease costs" in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. 
The Company recognizes lease fees during the period as fees are earned per the terms of the lease (see Note 16). 

i  Stock compensation 

Stock  based  compensation  costs  are  recognized  per  the  guidance  of  ASC  718,  “Compensation  —  Stock 
Compensation” (“ASC 718”), using a graded vesting attribution method whereby costs are recognized over the requisite 
service period for each separately vesting portion of the award (see Note 15).  Stock grants are valued at their grant date 
at fair value which in the case of options requires the use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Per ASC 718 the 
grants may be classified as equity grants or liability grants depending on the terms of the grant. 

j.  Net income (loss) per Share of Common Stock 

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to holders of the Company’s 
Common Stock by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period.  Diluted income 
(loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were 
exercised or converted into Common Stock. 

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, all potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted 

earnings per share because to include them would have been anti-dilutive. 

F-10 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

k.  Comprehensive Income (Loss) 

Comprehensive  income  (loss)  is  defined  as  all  changes  in  equity  (deficit),  exclusive  of  transactions  with 
stockholders, such as capital investments.  Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and changes in certain 
assets and liabilities that are reported directly in equity.  For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 Comprehensive 
loss included the change in the market value of available for sale securities and is reported on the Consolidated Statements 
of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). 

l.  Income Taxes 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 
740”), on a tax jurisdictional basis.  The Company files United States and certain other foreign country income tax returns, 
and pays taxes reasonably determined to be due.  The tax rules and regulations in these countries are highly complex and 
subject to interpretation.  The Company’s income tax returns are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities 
and  in  connection  with  such  examinations,  disputes  can  arise  with  the  taxing  authorities  over  the  interpretation  or 
application of certain tax rules within the country involved.  In accordance with ASC 740, the Company identifies and 
evaluates uncertain tax positions, and recognizes the impact of uncertain tax positions for which there is a less than more-
likely-than-not probability of the position being upheld when reviewed by the relevant taxing authority.  Such positions 
are deemed to be unrecognized tax benefits and a corresponding liability is established on the balance sheet. 

The Company classifies income tax related interest and penalties as income tax expense. 

m.  Recently Adopted Standards 

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)  issued ASU 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share 
(Topic  260);  Distinguishing  Liabilities  from  Equity  (Topic  480);  Derivatives  and  Hedging  (Topic  815):  (Part  1) 
Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral 
for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Non public Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable 
Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception” (“ASU 2017-11”).  Part I relates to the accounting for certain financial 
instruments with down round features in Subtopic 815-40, which is considered in determining whether an equity-linked 
financial  instrument  qualifies  for  a  scope  exception  from  derivative  accounting.    Down  round  features  are  features  of 
certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced based on the pricing 
of future equity offerings. An entity still is required to determine whether instruments would be classified as equity under 
the  guidance  in  Subtopic  815-40  in  determining  whether  they  qualify  for  that  scope  exception.  If  they  do  qualify, 
freestanding instruments with down round features are no longer classified as liabilities. ASU 2017-11 is effective for 
annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early 
adoption is permitted, including in an interim period. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-11 during the interim period 
ended September 30, 2017 (see Note 3). 

In  March  2016,  the  FASB  issued  Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”)  2016-09,  “Compensation—Stock 
Compensation  (Topic  718):  Improvements  to  Employee  Share-Based  Payment  Accounting”  (“ASU  2016-09”),  which 
simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions including accounting for income 
taxes  and  classification  of  excess  tax  benefits  on  the  statement  of  cash  flows,  forfeitures  and  minimum  statutory  tax 
withholding requirements.  For the Company, ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 
2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2017 did not materially change 
the Company’s previous accounting methods and therefore did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated 
financial position or results of operation. 

F-11 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Income Taxes: Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred 
Taxes” (“ASU 2015-17”). ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the 
balance sheet. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 
2016. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 in 2017 did not materially change the Company’s previous accounting methods and 
therefore did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operation. 

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory” (“ASU 
2015-11”). ASU 2015-11 affects reporting entities that measure inventory using first-in, first-out or average cost. ASU 
2015-11  requires  that  inventory  be  measured  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value.  Net  realizable  value  is  the 
estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and 
transportation. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  The adoption of ASU 
2015-11  in  2017  did  not  materially  change  the  Company’s  previous  accounting  methods  and  therefore  did  not  have  a 
material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operation. 

On August 27, 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern 
(Subtopic  205-40),  Disclosure  of  Uncertainties  about  an  Entity’s  Ability  to  Continue  as  a  Going  Concern”  (“ASU 
2014-15”).    ASU  2014-15  will  require  management  to  evaluate  whether  there  are  conditions  and  events  that  raise 
substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements 
are  issued  on  both  an  interim  and  annual  basis.  Management  is  required  to  provide  certain  footnote  disclosures  if  it 
concludes that substantial doubt exists or when its plans alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue 
as  a  going  concern.  The  Company  adopted  ASU  2014-15  in  2016  and  has  since  included  disclosures  in  its  financial 
statements consistent with the pronouncement. 

n.  Recently Issued Pronouncements 

In  June  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  No.  2016-13,  “Financial  Instruments  -  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326): 
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”).  ASU 2016-13 modifies the impairment model 
to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the currently used incurred loss methodology, which will result in the 
more  timely  recognition  of  losses.  ASU  2016-13  will  be  effective  for  the  Company  as  of  January  1,  2020.  As  the 
Company’s principle credit risk is related to its Lease Receivables the Company does not expect the adoption of this update 
to result in a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal 
versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies principal versus 
agent when  another  party,  along with  the  entity,  is  involved  in providing  a good or service  to  a  customer.  Topic  606, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers, requires an entity to determine whether the nature of its promise is to provide 
that good or service to the customer (i.e., the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the good or service to be provided to 
the customer by the other party (i.e., the entity is an agent). For the Company, ASU 2016-08 is effective for annual reporting 
periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not 
permitted. As the Company’s current accounting practices per the guidance of ASC 605 are comparable to the requirements 
of ASU 2016-08, the Company does not expect the adoption of this update to result in a material impact on its consolidated 
financial position or results of operations or the requirement for retrospective reporting. 

In  February  2016,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2016-02,  “Leases”  (“ASU  2016-02”),  which  will  require  lessees  to 
recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. Leases will be 
classified  as  either  finance  or  operating,  with  classification  affecting  the  pattern  of  expense  recognition  in  the  income 

F-12 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

statement.  For  a  lessor,  the  accounting  applied  is  largely  unchanged  from  previous  guidance.  The  new  rules  will  be 
effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019. The Company does not anticipate early adoption. The Company 
currently leases administrative offices in the U.S. and in several foreign locations under lease agreements that typically 
exceed one year.  Depending on the number of years remaining under such lease agreements the right-of-use assets and 
lease liabilities that the Company would record under ASU 2016-2 could be material. 

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and 
Financial  Liabilities”  (“ASU  2016-01”)  which  amended  its  standards  related  to  the  accounting  of  certain  financial 
instruments. This amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure. The new 
rules  will  become  effective  for  annual  and  interim  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2017.  Early  adoption  is  not 
permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-01 to materially change its current accounting methods 
and therefore the Company does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position 
or results of operations. 

In May 2014, FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from 
Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606)”  (“ASU  2014-09”).  ASU  2014-09  outlines  a  single  comprehensive  model  for 
entities  to  use  in  accounting  for  revenue  arising  from  contracts  with  customers  and  supersedes  most  current  revenue
recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In addition, the guidance requires improved disclosures to help 
users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue that is recognized 
and the related cash flows. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017; 
early adoption is not permitted. ASU 2014-09 was originally effective December 15, 2016 but ASU 2015-14 deferred the 
effective  date  by  one  year.    As  the  Company’s  current  accounting  practices  per  the  guidance  of  ASU  2014-09  are 
comparable to the requirements of ASU 2014-09, the Company does not expect the adoption of this update to result in a 
material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.  

3. Change in Accounting Principle 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11.  Part I relates to the accounting for certain financial instruments 
with  down  round  features  in  Subtopic  815-40,  which  is  considered  in  determining  whether  an  equity-linked  financial 
instrument qualifies for a scope exception from derivative accounting.  Down round features are features of certain equity-
linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced based on the pricing of future equity 
offerings.  An entity still is required to determine whether instruments would be classified in equity under the guidance in 
Subtopic 815-40 in determining whether they qualify for that scope exception. If they do qualify, freestanding instruments 
with down round features are no longer classified as liabilities.  In the case where the exception from derivative accounting 
does not apply, warrants must be accounted for as a liability and recorded at fair value at the date of grant and re-valued at 
the end of each reporting period. 

The Company’s September 2012 and 2014 warrants (see Note 15) include anti-dilution provisions characterized 
as down round features and have previously been accounted for as liabilities, with the fair value of the warrant liabilities 
remeasured  at  each  reporting  date  and  the  change  in  liabilities  recorded  as  other  non-operating  income  or  loss.    The 
Company  had  recorded  a  “Warrant  liability”  of  $1.9  million  and  a  warrant  derivative  gain  of  $17.1  million  in  its 
“Accumulated deficit” as reported in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for the year ended December 31, 2016 
relating to the September 2012 and 2014 warrants.  The Company had recorded a warrant liability of $1.5 million as of 
June 30, 2017 and reported a warrant derivative gain of $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 relating to the 
September 2012 and 2014 warrants. 

F-13 

 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

In  addition,  for  freestanding  equity-classified  financial  instruments,  ASU  2017-11  also  requires  entities  that 
present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it 
is triggered.  That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic 
EPS.  Certain equity transactions following the issuance of the September 2012 and 2014 warrants have triggered anti-
dilution clauses in the warrant agreements resulting in additional warrant shares and a reduction to the original strike price 
of the warrants.  ASU 2017-11 prescribes a method to measure the value of a deemed dividend related to a triggering event 
by computing the difference in fair value between two instruments that have terms consistent with the actual instrument 
but  that  do  not  have  a  down  round  feature,  where  the  number  of  warrant  shares  and  strike  price  of  one  instrument 
corresponds to the actual instrument before the triggering event and the number of warrant shares and strike price of the 
other instrument corresponds to the actual instrument immediately after the triggering event.  Following ASU 2017-11, 
for  periods  ending  on  or  prior  to  December  31,  2016  the  Company  would  have  reduced  its  “Accumulated  deficit”  as 
reported on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets by approximately $0.3 million related to prior triggering events.  
During the nine month period ending September 30, 2017 the Company would have reduced its accumulated deficit by 
approximately $5,000 related to triggering events. 

Except for the down round features in the September 2012 and 2014 warrants, the warrants would have been 
classified in equity under the guidance in Subtopic 815-40 and therefore qualify for the scope exception in ASU 2017-11.  
As permitted, the Company elected to adopt the accounting principles prescribed by ASU 2017-11 for the interim period 
ended  September  30,  2017  and  has  recorded  a  cumulative-effect  adjustment  stemming  from  a  change  in  accounting 
principle in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 measured retrospectively to the beginning of 
2017.  The cumulative effect adjustment appears at the beginning of 2017 in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated 
Statement of Changes in Equity.  The results of operations for the Company for year ended December 31, 2017 reflects 
application of the change in accounting principle from the beginning of 2017. 

The following table details the impact stemming from the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle 

on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the beginning of 2017. 

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

(cid:3)

Balance Sheet Accounts Impacted by 
September 2012 and 2014 Warrants 

As Previously 
Reported 
December 31, 
2016 

Cumulative 
Effect Adjustment 
at the Beginning 
of 2017 

(in thousands) 

Reported after 

(cid:3)
      the Effect of a Change in
Accounting Principle 
at the Beginning 
of 2017 

Warrant Liability - Related Party 
Warrant Liability 
Additional Paid-in Capital 
Accumulated Deficit 

$

$

976
922
495,455
(488,037)

(976)  $ 
(922) 
19,046  
(17,148) 

—
—
514,501
(505,185)

As noted above, the Company had previously reported a warrant derivative gain of $0.4 million during the six month 
period ending June 30, 2017.  Because the Company has retroactively applied the change in accounting principle discussed 
above to the beginning of 2017, the Company is no longer reporting warrant derivative gains or losses for the September 
2012 and 2014 warrants beginning in 2017.  Amounts reported for periods ending on or prior to December 31, 2016 have 
not been adjusted. 

F-14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

4.  Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to 
be  cash  equivalents.  Short-term  investments  include  investments  with  maturities  greater  than  three  months,  but  not 
exceeding 12 months, or highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 12 months that the Company intends to 
liquidate during the next 12 months for working capital needs. 

The following tables summarize the Company's short-term investments at December 31, 2017 and 2016: 

December 31, 2017 

Investments: 

Short-term: 

Available for sale common stock

Total available for sale 
Total short term 

December 31, 2016 

Investments: 

Short-term: 

Available for sale common stock

Total available for sale 
Total short term 

     Estimated      Carrying  
  Fair Value  

Value 

Cost 

(in(cid:3)thousands) 

$

$

$

$

275
275
275

275
275
275

$

$

$

$

 238   $ 
 238  
 238   $ 

 238
 238
 238

 334   $ 
 334  
 334   $ 

 334
 334
 334

Credit Risk 

The Company invests substantially all of its excess cash with high credit-quality financial institutions or in U.S. 
government or debt securities.  Credit risk is the risk that a third party might fail to fulfill its performance obligations under 
the terms of a financial instrument. For cash and equivalents and investments, credit risk represents the carrying amount 
on the balance sheet. The Company mitigates credit risk for cash and equivalents and investments by placing its funds and 
investments  with  high  credit-quality  financial  institutions,  limiting  the  amount  of  exposure  to  each  of  the  financial 
institutions, monitoring the financial condition of the financial institutions and investing only in government and corporate 
securities rated “investment grade” or better.  The Company invests with financial institutions that maintain a net worth of 
not less than $1 billion and are members in good standing of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. 

F-15 

 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

5.  Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets 

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following: 

Prepaid insurance 
Deferred offering costs 
Recoupable deposits and other 

     December 31,        December 31,  

2017 

2016 

$

$

(in thousands) 
 362   $ 
 137  
 246  
 745   $ 

296
153
129
578

The deferred offering costs are related to the ATM Program discussed in detail in Note 15. 

6. 

Inventories

Inventories at the Velardeña Properties were as follows: 

Material and supplies 

  December 31,   December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 
242   $ 
242   $ 

245
 245

$
$

The material and supplies inventory at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are related to the Velardeña Properties and 

are reduced by a $0.2 million obsolescence reserve. 

7.  Value added tax receivable

The Company has recorded value added tax (“VAT”) paid in Mexico and related to the Velardeña Properties as a 
recoverable asset. Mexico law allows for VAT payments to be recovered from VAT collected from the sale of products or 
rendering of services. At December 31, 2017, the Company has also recorded approximately $19,000 of VAT receivable 
as  a  reduction  to  VAT  payable  in  Mexico,  which  appears  in  “Accounts  payable  and  other  accrued  liabilities”  on  the 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

During 2017 the Company received refunds of approximately $1.1 million from the government of Argentina for 
VAT payments made in that country during 2012 and 2013. Because of uncertainties relating to collectability of the taxes 
the Company had recorded a full valuation allowance against the VAT receivable at the time the taxes were paid. The 
Company reported the $1.1 million of VAT refunds received during the year ended December 31, 2017 in “Other operating 
income”  on  the  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss.  In  February  2018,  we 
received an additional approximately $138,000 of VAT refunds. At December 31, 2017, the Company reversed $138,000 
of the valuation allowance and recorded a VAT receivable of $138,000 with a corresponding gain in “Other operating 
income” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company has remaining 
Argentina VAT refund claims totaling approximately $0.1 million.  The Company cannot predict if or when it will receive 
these additional VAT refunds and accordingly has recorded a full valuation allowance against the remaining VAT refund 
claims.    

F-16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

The Company has also paid VAT in Mexico as well as other countries, primarily related to exploration projects, 

which has been charged to expense as incurred because of the uncertainty of recoverability. 

8.  Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, net

The components of property, plant, and equipment, net were as follows: 

  December 31,    December 31, 

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

Mineral properties 
Exploration properties 
Royalty properties 
Buildings 
Mining equipment and machinery
Other furniture and equipment 
Asset retirement cost 

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

$

$

9,352   $ 
2,518  
200  
4,246  
15,989  
958  
865  
34,128  
(25,988) 

 9,352
 2,518
 200
 4,386
 16,351
 952
 992
 34,751
    (25,516)
 9,235

8,140   $ 

In August 2016, the Company sold certain mining equipment consisting of two haul trucks, two scoop trams and 
a compressor to Minera Indé, an indirect subsidiary of The Sentient Group, for $687,000 (see Note 23). The equipment 
sold was excess equipment held at the Company’s Velardeña Properties that the Company did not expect to use.  The 
equipment had a net book value of $27,000 resulting in a gain of $660,000 in 2016. The gain is included in “Other operating 
income,  net”  in  the  accompanying  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss.  The  Company 
received $69,000 or 10% of the sales price at the closing of the sale, with the remaining $618,000 plus interest on the 
unpaid balance at an annual rate of 10% due in February 2017.  

With the approval of a Special Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company and Minera Indé 
amended the original equipment sale on March 31, 2017 to include the sale of an additional piece of excess equipment for 
$185,000 and extend the time for payment relating to the original equipment sale.  Upon execution of the amendment the 
Company  received  an  additional  payment  of  $100,000.  The  remaining  principal  and  interest  balance,  plus  additional 
interest on the unpaid balance at an annual rate of 10%, was amended to be due in August 2017.  The Company recorded 
a  gain of $105,000  in  2017 on  the  sale of  the  additional  equipment,  included  in  “Other  operating  income,  net”  in the 
accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, equal to the gross proceeds 
less the remaining basis in the equipment.  On May 2, 2017, the Company received approximately $750,000 from Minera 
Indé as payment in full for the remaining balance due related to the equipment sale, including interest through that date.  

On August 2, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell its remaining 50% interest in the San 
Diego exploration property in Mexico to Golden Tag Resources ltd (“Golden Tag”), the company that held the other 50% 
interest  in  the property.  As  a  result of  the  sale,  the  Company  received  approximately  $379,000  in  cash  and 2,500,000 
common shares of Golden Tag.  Pursuant to the agreement, Golden Tag will be required to pay the Company a 2.0% net 
smelter return royalty in respect to the San Diego property. The Company had previously written down the value of the 

F-17 

 
 
 
    
    
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

San Diego property to approximately zero and accordingly recognized a gain of approximately $0.5 million in 2016 on the 
sale. The gain is included in “Other operating income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations 
and  Comprehensive  Loss.  Following  this  transaction,  the Company  now  holds  7,500,000  common  shares  representing 
approximately 10% of the outstanding common shares of Golden Tag (see Note 4). 

In August 2016, the Company, through its wholly owned Mexican subsidiary, entered into an earn-in agreement 
with  a  100%  owned  Mexican  subsidiary  of  Electrum  Global  Holdings,  L.P.,  a  privately  owned  company  (together 
“Electrum”), related to the Company’s Celaya exploration property in Mexico. The Company received an upfront payment 
of $0.2 million and Electrum agreed to incur exploration expenditures totaling at least $0.5 million in the first year of the 
agreement, reduced by certain costs Electrum previously incurred on the property since December 2015 in its ongoing 
surface  exploration  program.  Electrum,  at  its  option,  can elect  to  acquire  an undivided  60%  interest  in  a joint  venture 
company to be formed to hold the Celaya project after incurring exploration expenditures totaling $2.5 million during the 
initial first three years of the agreement. Electrum would serve as manager of the joint venture. Prior to an amendment to 
the agreement, the Company would have been allowed to maintain a 40% interest in the Celaya project, following the 
initial  three-year  earn-in  period,  by  contributing  its  pro-rata  share  of  an  additional  $2.5  million  in  exploration  or 
development  expenditures  incurred  over  a  second  three-year  period.    In  February  2018,  the  Company  and  Electrum 
amended the Celaya earn-in agreement to permit Electrum to earn, at its option, an additional 20% interest in the Celaya 
project in exchange for a payment of $1.0 million.  Electrum can now increase its total interest in the project to 80% by 
contributing  100%  of  the  $2.5  million  of  additional  expenditures  required  in  the  second  three-year  earn-in  period.  
Following the second earn-in period the Company will have the right to maintain its 20% participating interest or its interest 
could ultimately be converted into a carried 10% net profits interest if the Company elects not to participate as a joint 
venture owner.  The Company has previously expensed all of its costs associated with the Celaya property and accordingly 
recognized a gain of $0.2 million from the farm-out of the property in 2016 and will recognize an additional gain of $1.0 
million from the execution of the amendment to the agreement in the first quarter 2018. The $0.2 million gain recognized 
in 2016 is included in “Other operating income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and 
Comprehensive Loss. 

In  April  2016,  the  Company  entered  into  an  option  agreement  under  which  Santacruz  Silver  Mining  Ltd. 
(“Santacruz”) may acquire the Company’s interest in certain nonstrategic mineral claims located in the Zacatecas Mining 
District, Zacatecas, Mexico (the “Zacatecas Properties”) for a series of payments totaling $1.5 million, including a final 
payment of $0.5 million due in April 2018. To date, Santacruz has paid the Company approximately $0.9 million.  The 
Company and Santacruz amended the option agreement in February 2018 to extend the due dates for the remaining series 
of payments through September 2018.  To complete the acquisition of the Zacatecas Properties Santacruz must now make 
three additional payments of $225,000 each in March, June and September 2018.  Santacruz has the right to terminate the 
option agreement at any time, and the agreement could be terminated, at the Company’s option, if Santacruz fails to make 
subsequent payments when due.  The Company has previously expensed all of its costs associated with the Zacatecas 
Properties and accordingly recognized a gain of $0.5 million and $0.4 million in 2017 and 2016 respectively, included in 
“Other operating income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. 

The Asset retirement cost (“ARC”) is all related to the Company’s Velardeña Properties.  The amounts for ARC have 
been fully depreciated at December 31, 2017.  The decrease in the ARC during the period is related to an adjustment to 
the ARO, as discussed below in Note 11. 

F-18 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

9.  Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities

The Company’s accounts payable and other accrued liabilities consist of the following: 

Accounts payable and accruals 
Accrued employee compensation and benefits

December 31, 2017

  December 31,   December 31, 

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 
310   $ 
1,246     
1,556   $ 

 344
 880
 1,224

$

$

Accounts payable and accruals at December 31, 2017 consist primarily of $0.1 million and $0.2 million due to 
contractors  and  suppliers  related  to  the  Company’s  Velardeña  Properties  and  corporate  administrative  activities, 
respectively.  In the case of the Velardeña Properties, amounts due also include VAT payable that is partially offset by a 
small VAT receivable. 

Accrued employee compensation and benefits at December 31, 2017 consist of $0.2 million of accrued vacation 
payable,  $0.6  million  of  withholding  taxes  and  benefits  payable  (of  which  $0.3  million  is  related  to  activities  at  the 
Velardeña Properties) and $0.4 million related to the Key Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan ("KELTIP") (see Note 15). 

December 31, 2016

Accounts payable and accruals at December 31, 2016 consist primarily of $0.1 million and $0.2 million due to 
contractors  and  suppliers  related  to  the  Company’s  Velardeña  Properties  and  corporate  administrative  activities, 
respectively.  In the case of the Velardeña Properties, amounts due also include VAT payable that is a partial offset to the 
small VAT receivable. 

Accrued employee compensation and benefits at December 31, 2016 consist of $0.2 million of accrued vacation 
payable,  $0.4  million  of  withholding  taxes  and  benefits  payable  (of  which  $0.2  million  is  related  to  activities  at  the 
Velardeña Properties) and $0.3 million related to the KELTIP (see Note 15). 

10.  Convertible Note Payable – Related Party, Net 

In October 2015, the Company borrowed $5.0 million from Sentient, the Company’s largest stockholder, pursuant to 
the terms of a Senior Secured Convertible Note the (“Sentient Note”) and a related loan agreement (the “Sentient Loan”), 
with  principal  and  accrued  interest  due  on  October  27,  2016.  In  January  2016,  upon  approval  by  the  Company’s 
stockholders, the Sentient Note became convertible, solely at Sentient's option, into shares of the Company's common 
stock at a price equal to the lowest of: 1) $0.289, 90 percent of the 15-day volume weighted average price ("VWAP") for 
the period immediately preceding the loan closing date, 2) 90 percent of the 15-day VWAP for the period immediately 
preceding the loan conversion date, or 3) an anti-dilution adjusted price based on the lowest price for which the Company 
has sold its stock following the loan closing date. The loan provided for interest at a rate of 9% per annum, compounded 
monthly. 

On February 11, 2016, Sentient converted approximately $3.9 million of principal and $0.1 million of accrued interest 
(representing the total amount of accrued interest at the conversion date) on the Sentient Note into 23,355,000 shares of 

F-19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

the Company's common stock at an exercise price of approximately $0.172 per share, equal to 90% of the 15-day VWAP 
immediately  preceding  the  conversion  date.  On  June  10,  2016,  Sentient  converted  the  remaining  approximately 
$1.1 million of principal and approximately $34,000 of accrued interest (representing the total amount of accrued interest 
at the conversion date) into 4,011,740 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of approximately $0.289 
per share, equal to 90% of the 15(cid:486)day VWAP immediately preceding the loan’s original issue date. 

The beneficial conversion feature of the Sentient Note represented an embedded derivative as defined by ASC 815 
"Derivatives and Hedging" ("ASC 815"). ASC 815 provides that a derivative instrument's fair value must be bifurcated 
from the note and separately recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company used a third party 
consultant to value the embedded derivative in the Sentient Note employing a Monte Carlo type probability analysis, which 
falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13). For purposes of valuing the embedded derivative as of the 
Sentient Loan closing date, at December 31, 2015, at February 11, 2016 (first partial conversion date), and at March 31, 
2016, the valuation model took into account, among other items: 1) the probability of successfully achieving stockholder 
approval of the Sentient Note’s conversion feature, 2) future variations in the Company’s stock price, and 3) the probability 
of entering into an equity transaction prior to the Sentient Loan maturity date that would lower the conversion price. It was 
determined that the embedded derivative had a fair value of approximately $1.1 million at October 27, 2015, the date the 
Company entered into the Sentient Loan.  Subsequent mark-to-market changes in the value of the derivative were recorded 
as income or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.  The Sentient Note was recorded 
net of the bifurcated embedded derivative at October 27, 2015 with the $1.1 million difference between the face value and 
the recorded value of the Note representing a loan discount that was amortized to interest expense over the life of the loan 
using the interest rate method.   

The Company incurred approximately $0.3 million in legal and other costs associated with the Sentient Loan. Per the 
guidance  of  ASU  2015-03  the  loan  costs  were  presented  as  a  reduction  to  the  note  payable  on  the  accompanying 
Consolidated Balance Sheets and were amortized to interest expense over the life of the Sentient note using the interest 
rate method.  

The Company adjusted the recorded value of the Sentient Loan at the first partial conversion date and at March 31, 
2016  to  reflect  the  amortization  of  the  loan  discount  and  loan  costs,  shown  as  “Interest  expense”  in  the  Consolidated 
Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded 
a total noncash loss on debt extinguishment of $1.7 million reflecting the difference between the value of the shares issued 
to Sentient as a result of the February 11, 2016 conversion and the recorded value of the Sentient Loan, including related 
loan costs, loan discount and embedded derivative eliminated at the conversion date. The Company marked-to-market the 
embedded derivative at the February 11, 2016 conversion date and recorded a total derivative loss of $0.8 million for the 
nine  months  ended  September  30, 2016  in  the  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive 
Loss.

 At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Sentient Note had been fully converted and the Company had no 

outstanding debt. 

11.  Asset Retirement and Reclamation Liabilities

The  Company  retained  the  services  of  a  mining  engineering  firm  to  prepare  a  detailed  closure  plan  for  the 
Velardeña Properties. The plan was completed during the second quarter 2012 and indicated that the Company had an 
ARO and offsetting ARC of approximately $1.9 million.  The estimated $3.5 million ARO and ARC that was recorded at 
the time of the acquisition of the Velardeña Properties was adjusted accordingly. 

F-20 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

The Company will continue to accrue additional estimated ARO amounts based on an asset retirement plan as 
activities requiring future reclamation and remediation occur.  During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company 
recognized approximately $0.2 million of accretion expense and approximately $4,000 of amortization expense related to 
the ARC. 

The following table summarizes activity in the Velardeña Properties ARO: 

Beginning balance 

Changes in estimates, and other
Accretion expense 

Ending balance 

Year Ended  
December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

$

2,380   $ 

 2,480

(128) 
196  
2,448   $ 

 (293)
 193
 2,380

$

The decrease in the ARO recorded during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is the result of changes 

in assumptions related to inflation factors and discount rates used in the determination of future cash flows. 

The ARO set forth on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016 include approximately $50,000 of reclamation liabilities related to activities at the El Quevar project 
in Argentina. 

12.  Other Liabilities

The Company recorded nil amounts of other current liabilities at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.    

During the first four months of 2016 the Company paid approximately $0.2 million of Argentine tax on equity 
leaving approximately $0.2 million of estimated interest and penalties awaiting a final assessment from the tax authorities.  
During the third quarter 2016 the Argentine government adopted an amnesty program that the Company effectively used 
to eliminate the remaining $0.2 million of interest and penalties that had been accrued.  The reversal of the accrual reduced 
expenses incurred at the El Quevar project during the third quarter 2016.   

13.  Fair Value Measurements

Financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring 
(annual) basis under a framework of a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into valuation techniques used to 
measure fair value into three broad levels.  This hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active 
markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.  Further, financial assets and liabilities should be classified by level
in their entirety based upon the lowest level of input that was significant to the fair value measurement.  The three levels 
of the fair value hierarchy per ASC 820 are as follows: 

Level 1:  Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible 

at the measurement date. 

F-21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

Level 2:  Quoted prices in inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities, quoted prices for similar assets or 
liabilities in active markets, or other observable inputs either directly related to the asset or liability or derived principally 
from corroborated observable market data. 

Level  3:    Unobservable  inputs  due  to  the  fact  that  there  is  little  or  no  market  activity.  This  entails  using 

assumptions in models which estimate what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. 

The Company has consistently applied the valuation techniques discussed in Notes 2, 10 and 15 in all periods 

presented. 

Recurring Fair Value Measurements 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis at 

fair value at December 31, 2017 and 2016 by respective level of the fair value hierarchy: 

At December 31, 2017 

Assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade accounts receivable 
Short-term investments 

At December 31, 2016 

Assets: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade accounts receivable 
Trade accounts receivable - related party 
Short-term investments 

Liabilities: 

Warrant liability - related party 
Warrant liability

     Level 1 

     Level 2 

      Level 3 

     Total 

(in thousands) 

$ 3,250
314
238
$ 3,802

$ 2,588
380
643
334
$ 3,945

$

$

$

$

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —   $ 

 — $ 3,250
314
 —
 —
238
 — $ 3,802

 —   $ 
 —  
 —  
 —  
 —   $ 

 — $ 2,588
380
 —
643
 —
 —
334
 — $ 3,945

$ — $ —   $ 

 976
 922
$ — $ —   $  1,898

— (cid:3)

—

$

976
922
$ 1,898

The Company’s cash equivalents, comprised principally of U.S. treasury securities, are classified within Level 1 

of the fair value hierarchy. 

The Company’s trade accounts receivable are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are related 

to the oxide plant lease per the terms of the lease rates established in the plant lease agreement. 

At December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a liability for warrants to acquire the Company’s stock as a result 
of anti-dilution clauses in the warrant agreements that could result in a resetting of the warrant exercise price in the event 
the Company were to issue additional shares of its common stock in a future transaction at a price lower than the current 
exercise price of the warrants (see Note 15). The Company assesses the fair value of its warrant liability at the end of each 

F-22 

 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

reporting period, with changes in the value recorded as “Warrant derivative (loss) gain” on the Company’s Condensed 
Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss.  The  valuation  policies  are  approved  by  the  Chief 
Financial Officer who reviews and approves the inputs used in the fair value calculations and the changes in fair value 
measurements from period to period for reasonableness. Fair value measurements are discussed with the Company’s Chief 
Executive Officer, as deemed appropriate. The warrant liability had been recorded at fair value as of December 31, 2016 
based primarily on a valuation performed by a third party expert using a Monte Carlo simulation, which falls within Level 
3  of  the  fair  value  hierarchy.    The  valuation  model  takes  into  account  the  probability  that  the  Company  could  issue 
additional shares in a future transaction at a lower price than the current exercise price of the warrants. The Company did 
not have a warrant liability at December 31, 2017 as the result of a change in accounting principal during the period as 
discussed in Note 3. 

The beneficial conversion feature of the Sentient Note represents an embedded derivative as defined by ASC 815 
(see Note 10). ASC 815 provides that a derivative instrument’s fair value must be bifurcated from the host contract and 
separately recorded on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2015 and at each of the 
conversion dates (see Note 10), the Company had recorded a derivative liability related to the beneficial conversion feature 
of  the  Sentient  Note.  On  June  10,  2016,  the  remaining  Sentient  Note  and  related  embedded  derivative  had  been  fully 
retired.  The Company assesses the fair value of the derivative liability at the end of each reporting period, with changes 
in  the  value  recorded  as  “Derivative  loss”  on  the  Company’s  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and 
Comprehensive Loss. The valuation policies are approved by the Chief Financial Officer who reviews and approves the 
inputs  used  in  the  fair  value  calculations  and  the  changes  in  fair  value  measurements  from  period  to  period  for 
reasonableness.  Fair  value  measurements  are  discussed  with  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer,  as  deemed 
appropriate. The derivative liability was recorded at fair value at December 31, 2015 and each of the conversion dates 
based primarily on a valuation performed by a third party expert using a Monte Carlo simulation, which falls within Level 
3 of the fair value hierarchy. The valuation model takes into account, among other items: 1) the probability of successfully 
achieving stockholder approval of the loan’s conversion feature, 2) future variations in the Company’s stock price, and 3) 
the probability of entering into an equity transaction prior to the Loan maturity date that would lower the conversion price. 

In addition to the warrant exercise prices (see Note 15) and Sentient Note conversion price (see Note 10) other 

significant inputs to the warrant valuation model and derivative valuation model included the following as applicable: 

Company's ending stock price 
Company's stock volatility 
Applicable risk free interest rate 

     December 31, 

  $ 

2016 

 0.58 
110% 
1.39% 

F-23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

An increase or decrease in the Company’s stock price, in isolation, would result in a relatively lower or higher 
fair value measurement respectively.  A decrease in the probability of the issuance of additional common stock at a lower 
price than the current warrant exercise price would result in a lower value for the warrants.  The table below highlights the 
change in fair value of the warrant liability and the derivative liability. 

Ending balance at December 31, 2015
Change in estimated fair value 
Ending balance at December 31, 2016

Fair Value Measurements 
Using Significant Unobservable 
Inputs (Level 3) 
Warrant Liabilities 
(in thousands)

$

$

 1,898
 (364)
 1,534

At December 31, 2017, the remaining warrants are recorded as equity as the result of a change in accounting 

principal as fully detailed in Note 3. 

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements 

There were no non-recurring fair value measurements at December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016. 

The Company assesses the fair value of its long lived assets if circumstances indicate a change in the fair value 
has occurred.  The valuation policies are approved by the Chief Financial Officer who reviews and approves the inputs 
used in the fair value calculations and the changes in fair value measurements from period to period for reasonableness. 
Fair value measurements are discussed with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, as deemed appropriate. 

No  fair  value adjustments  to  long  lived  assets  were  recorded  during  the  years  ended December  31, 2017  and 

December 31, 2016. 

14.  Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740 on a tax jurisdictional 

basis.  The provision for income taxes consists of the following: 

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

CURRENT TAXES: 
    United States 
    Other Countries 

DEFERRED TAXES: 
    United States 
    Other Countries 
Total income tax provision 

$

$
(cid:3) (cid:3)
$

$

(cid:3)

F-24 

$ 

(in thousands) 
—  
13  
13  
(cid:3)
—  
—  
13  

$ 
(cid:3)
$ 

$ 

(cid:3)

 —
 —
 —

 —
 —
 —

     
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
  
 
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

Income (loss) from operations before income taxes by country consists of the following: 

United States 
Other Countries 

  For the Year Ended December 31, 

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

(7,197)  $ 
3,318  
(3,879)  $ 

 (11,732)
 1,073
 (10,659)

$

$

In 2017 the Company recorded $13,000 of current tax expense stemming from taxable income of a subsidiary in 
Mexico, and no current taxes were recorded in 2016.  No deferred taxes were recorded in 2017 or 2016, as any such tax 
expense or benefit incurred during the year has been offset against a change in the valuation allowance of various deferred 
tax assets in each country. 

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes computed at the statutory rate to the provision for income taxes 

as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss is summarized below.  

Tax expense (benefit) at US rate of 35% 
Other adjustments: 

Rate differential of other jurisdictions
Effects of foreign earnings 
Change in valuation allowance
Provision to tax return true-ups
Exchange rate changes on deferred tax assets
Effect of a change in tax rates 
Debt extinguishment loss 
Warrant liability loss 
Tax loss on sale of subsidiary 
Inflation adjustment on net operating losses
Expired net operating losses 
Other 

Income tax provision 

  For Year Ended December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

$

(1,319)  $ 

 (3,624)

(70) 
310  
33,975  
(33,720) 
(8,444) 
11,516  
—  
—  
(1,693) 
(2,491) 
1,931  
18  
13   $ 

 (98)
 (786)
 (4,690)
 209
 8,802
 (1,177)
 550
 838
 —
 —
 —
 (24)
 —

$

F-25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

The components of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: 

For the  year ended  
December 31, 

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

Deferred tax assets: 

Net operating loss carryforwards
Stock-based compensation 
Property, plant and equipment 
Other 

Less: Valuation allowance 

Total deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities: 

Property, plant and equipment 
Other

Total deferred tax liabilities 
Net deferred tax asset (liability) 

$ 131,866   $ 

517  
4,307  
3,274  
139,964  
(139,795) 
169  

 96,038
 1,435
 7,545
 1,016
    106,034
   (105,820)
 214

(169) 
—  
(169) 

$

—   $ 

 (195)
 (19)
 (214)
 —

In accordance with ASC 740, the Company presents deferred tax assets net of its deferred tax liabilities on a tax 
jurisdictional  basis  on  its  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.    The  net  deferred  tax  liability  as  of  December 31,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016 was zero.   

At the end of 2017 a new U.S. tax law was enacted, lowering the U.S. corporate tax rate to 21% from the top rate 
of 35% beginning in 2018.  The tax rate change resulted in a reduction of the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets by $10.2 
million.  The Company’s deferred tax assets are currently completely offset by a valuation allowance so the reduction in 
U.S. deferred tax assets has no impact on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.  In 
addition,  the  new  tax  law  imposes  a  transition  tax  on  the  accumulated  earnings  and  profits  of  controlled  foreign 
corporations (“CFC’s).  None of the Company’s CFCs currently have accumulated earnings and profits and therefore the 
Company has no transition tax liability.  No other provisions of the new tax law had a material impact on the Company’s 
financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2017.  Based on the Company’s current interpretation and subject 
to the release of the related regulations and any future interpretive guidance, the Company believes the effects of the change 
in the tax law incorporated herein are substantially complete. 

At December 31, 2017 the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in the U.S. and in certain non-U.S. 
jurisdictions totaling $484.9 million.  Of these, $83.9 million is related to the Velardeña Properties in Mexico and expires 
in future years through 2027, $22.6 million is related to other Mexico exploration activities expiring in future years through 
2027, $121.1 million exists in Spain and has no expiration date, and $186.5 million exists in other non-U.S. countries, 
which will expire in future years through 2027.  In the U.S. there are $70.8 million of net operating loss carryforwards 
which will expire in future years through 2037. 

The  valuation  allowance  offsetting  the  net  deferred  tax  assets  of  the  Company  of  $139.8  million  and  $105.8 
million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, relates primarily to the uncertain utilization of certain deferred tax 
assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, in various tax jurisdictions.  The Company continually assesses both 

F-26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

positive and negative evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets can be realized prior 
to their expiration. 

The Company, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries file tax returns in the United States and in various 
foreign jurisdictions.  The tax rules and regulations in these countries are highly complex and subject to interpretation.  
The  Company’s  tax  returns  are  subject  to  examination  by  the  relevant  taxing  authorities  and  in  connection  with  such 
examinations, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the interpretation or application of certain tax rules within
the country involved.  In accordance with ASC 740, the Company identifies and evaluates uncertain tax positions, and 
recognizes  the  impact  of  uncertain  tax  positions  for  which  there  is  less  than  a  more-likely-than-not  probability  of  the 
position being upheld upon review by the relevant taxing authority.  Such positions are deemed to be “unrecognized tax 
benefits” which require additional disclosure and recognition of a liability within the financial statements.  If recognized, 
none of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. 

Below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes 
any estimated penalties and interest on all identified unrecognized tax benefits.  The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits 
as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are completely offset by net deferred tax benefits and therefore do not appear on the 
Consolidated Balance Sheet. 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period
Increases for tax positions taken during prior years
Decreases relating to settlements with taxing authorities
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of period

  The Year Ended December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 
740   $ 

—  
—  
(154) 
586   $ 

 937
 —
 —
 (197)
 740

$

$

Tax  years  as  early  as  2012  remain  open  and  are  subject  to  examination  in  the  Company’s  principal  tax 
jurisdictions.  The Company does not expect a significant change to its net unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 
months.  No interest and penalties were recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 
for the year ended December 31, 2017 or 2016, and there were no interest and penalties recognized in the statement of 
financial position as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.  The Company classifies income tax related interest and penalties as 
income tax expense. 

15.  Equity 

Cancellation of Treasury Shares 

Pursuant  to  the  terms  of  an  agreement  between  the  Company  and  ECU,  relating  to  the  merger  of  the  two 
companies on September 2, 2011, ECU shareholders had the right to receive 0.05 shares of the Company’s common stock 
for each share of ECU common stock held. On the sixth anniversary following the merger any unconverted shares expired 
per the terms of the agreement. Accordingly, during December 2017, ECU shares being held for conversion, representing 
125,739 shares of the Company, were returned to treasury and canceled.   

F-27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

Consideration Shares 

On August 2, 2017, the Company granted Hecla an option to extend the oxide plant lease for an additional period of 
up to two years (see Note 16).  As partial consideration for the option Hecla purchased $1.0 million, or approximately 1.8 
million shares, of the Company’s common stock (the “Consideration Shares”), issued at a price of $0.55 per share, which 
was  the  undiscounted  30-day  volume  weighted  average  stock  price.  The  Consideration  Shares  were  offered  and  sold 
without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) in reliance on the exemptions provided by 
Section 4(a)(2) of  the  Act  and/or  Regulation D  promulgated  thereunder.   Under  the  terms  of  the  Option  Agreement 
(defined herein), the Company agreed to register with the SEC the resale of the Consideration Shares.  A resale registration 
statement with the SEC became effective in September 2017.  The $1.0 million received for the Consideration Shares, net 
of $71,000 in legal and stock exchange issuance fees, has been recorded as equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance 
Sheets at December 31, 2017. 

At the Market Offering Agreement 

In December 2016, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement (as amended from time to 
time, the “ATM Agreement”) with H. C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), under which the Company may, from 
time to time, issue and sell shares of the Company’s common stock through Wainwright as sales manager in an at-the-
market offering under a prospectus supplement for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $5.0 million (the “ATM Program”) 
or  a  maximum  of  10  million  shares.    On  September  29,  2017,  the  Company  entered  into  an  amendment  to  the  ATM 
Agreement with Wainwright to reflect a new registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-220461) under which shares 
of the Company’s common stock may be sold under the ATM Program.  The ATM Agreement will remain in full force 
and effect until the earlier of December 31, 2018, or the date that the ATM Agreement is terminated in accordance with 
the terms therein. Offers or sales of common shares under the ATM Program will be made only in the United States and 
no  offers  or  sales  of  common  shares  under  the  ATM  Agreement  will  be  made  in  Canada.  The  common  stock  will  be 
distributed at the market prices prevailing at the time of sale. As a result, prices of the common stock sold under the ATM 
Program  may  vary  as  between  purchasers  and  during  the  period  of  distribution.  The  ATM  Agreement  provides  that 
Wainwright will be entitled to compensation for its services at a commission rate of 2.0% of the gross sales price per share 
of common stock sold.  The Company reimbursed certain legal expenses of Wainwright totaling $50,000 and incurred 
additional accounting, legal, and regulatory costs of approximately $109,000 in connection with establishing the ATM 
Program.  Such costs have been deferred and will be amortized to equity as sales are completed under the ATM Program. 
At December 31, 2017, unamortized costs totaling $136,000 appear on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as 
“Prepaid expense and other assets.”   

During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company sold an aggregate of approximately 1,024,000 common 
shares  under  the  ATM  Program  at  an  average  price  of  $0.70  per  common  share  for  gross  proceeds  of  approximately 
$720,000. The Company paid cash commissions and other nominal transaction fees to Wainwright totaling approximately 
$16,000 or 2.2% of the gross proceeds and amortized approximately $23,000 of deferred accounting, legal and regulatory 
costs resulting in a net amount of approximately $682,000 that has been recorded as equity in the Condensed Consolidated 
Balance  Sheets.    During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  the  Company  also  incurred  approximately  $34,000  in 
additional accounting, legal, and regulatory costs associated with the ATM Program that were included in “General and 
administrative costs” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. 

Sentient Note conversion 

On February 11, 2016, Sentient converted approximately $3.9 million of principal and $0.1 million of accrued 
interest (representing the total amount of accrued interest at the conversion date) into 23,355,000 shares of the Company's 

F-28 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

common stock at an exercise price of approximately $0.172 per share, reflecting 90% of the 15-day VWAP immediately 
preceding the conversion date. On June 10, 2016, Sentient converted the remaining approximately $1.1 million of principal 
and approximately $34,000 of accrued interest (representing the total amount of accrued interest at the conversion date) 
pursuant to the Sentient Note into 4,011,740 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of approximately 
$0.289 per share, equal to 90% of the 15(cid:486)day VWAP immediately preceding the loan’s original issue date (see Note 10).  
At September 30, 2016 the Sentient Note had been fully converted and the Company had no further debt outstanding. After 
conversion, and following the sale of additional shares of the Company’s common stock in 2017 pursuant to the ATM 
Program  (discussed  above),  Sentient  holds  approximately  45%  of  the  Company’s  91.9  million  shares  of  issued  and 
outstanding common stock. 

Offering and Private Placement 

On May 6, 2016, the Company issued 8.0 million registered shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.50 
per share in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) resulting in gross proceeds of $4.0 million. The Company incurred 
costs  and  fees  of  approximately  $0.4  million  related  to  the  Offering,  resulting  in  net  proceeds  of  approximately  $3.6 
million.  In connection with the Offering, each investor received in a private placement an unregistered warrant to purchase 
three(cid:486)quarters of a share of common stock for each share of common stock purchased. The 6.0 million warrants have an 
exercise price of $0.75 per share and are exercisable beginning six months after the date of issuance and will expire five 
years from the initial exercise date.   

The net proceeds of the Offering were recorded in equity and appear as a separate line item in the Consolidated 
Statements of Changes in Equity. Using the Black Scholes model, the fair value of the warrants issued was $3.6 million, 
considering the closing stock price on April 29, 2016 (the first business day preceding May 2, 2016, the date the Company 
entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  issue  the  shares),  the  exercise  price  and  exercise  period  of  the  warrants,  the 
Company’s volatility rate of 105%, and the applicable risk free rate of 0.74%. 

Equity Incentive Plans

In May 2014, the Company’s stockholders approved amendments to the Company’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 
adopting the Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”), pursuant to which awards of the 
Company’s common stock may be made to officers, directors, employees, consultants and agents of the Company and its 
subsidiaries.  The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs using a graded vesting attribution method whereby 
costs are recognized over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. 

F-29 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s restricted stock grants issued under the Equity Plan at 

December 31, 2017 and 2016 and changes during the years then ended: 

Restricted Stock Grants 
Outstanding at beginning of period
Granted during the period 
Restrictions lifted during the period
Forfeited during the period
Outstanding at end of period 

The Year Ended December 31,  

2017 
     Weighted  
  Average Grant 
 Date Fair  
 Value Per  
 Share 

$

$

0.63
0.53
0.60
—
0.55

2016 
     Weighted    
  Average  
  Grant Date   
  Number of     Fair Value   
  Per Share   
 0.46
 0.63
 0.46
—
 0.63

Shares 
84,170   $ 
100,000  
(84,170)  
—  
100,000   $ 

  Number of 
Shares 
100,000
200,000
(96,666)
—
203,334

During the year ended December 31, 2017 restricted stock grants were made to two employees. During the year 

ended December 31, 2016 restricted stock grants were made to three employees.  

Restrictions were lifted on 46,666 shares during the year ended December 31, 2017 on the anniversaries of grants 
made to three employees in prior years.  In addition, during 2017, 50,000 shares of a 150,000 share grant to a new employee 
vested  on  the  grant  date.  Restrictions  were  lifted  on  84,170  shares  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016  on  the 
anniversaries of grants made to two officers in prior years.   

For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million of compensation 
expense related to the restricted stock grants. For the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company recognized a nominal 
amount of compensation expense related to the restricted stock grants.  The Company expects to recognize approximately 
$0.1 million of compensation expense related to these grants over the next 35 months. 

The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s stock option grants issued under the Equity Plan at 

December 31, 2017 and 2016 and changes during the years then ended: 

The Year Ended December 31,  
2016 
2017 

Equity Plan Options 
Outstanding at beginning of period
Granted during the period
Forfeited or expired during period 
Exercised during period
Outstanding at end of period 
Exercisable at end of period 
Granted and vested 

  Number of 
Shares 
95,810
—
(55,500)
—
40,310
40,310
40,310

    Weighted    
  Average  
  Exercise  
  Price Per 
Share 
$ 8.02
—
8.00
—
$ 8.05
$ 8.05
$ 8.05

    Weighted 
  Average  
  Exercise  
  Number of     Price Per  

—  
(150,000) 
—  

Shares 
Share 
245,810   $   3.47
 —
 0.56
 —
95,810   $   8.02
95,810   $   8.02
95,810   $   8.02

The Company does not expect to record any additional expense related to these options. 

F-30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

Also,  pursuant  to  the  Equity  Plan,  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  adopted  the  Non-Employee  Director’s 
Deferred  Compensation  and  Equity  Award  Plan  (the  “Deferred  Compensation  Plan”).    Pursuant  to  the  Deferred 
Compensation Plan the non-employee directors receive a portion of their compensation in the form of Restricted Stock 
Units (“RSUs”) issued under the Equity Plan. The RSUs vest on the first anniversary of the grant and each vested RSU 
entitles the director to receive one unrestricted share of common stock upon the termination of the director’s board service. 

The following table summarizes the status of the RSU grants issued under the Deferred Compensation Plan at 

December 31, 2017 and 2016 and changes during the years then ended: 

The Year Ended December 31,  

Restricted Stock Units 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Granted during the period 
Restrictions lifted during the period
Forfeited during the period
Outstanding at December 31, 2017

  Number of 

Shares 
1,607,317
280,000
—
—
1,887,317

$

$

2017 
     Weighted  
  Average Grant 
 Date Fair  
 Value Per  
 Share 

2016 

     Weighted   
  Average    
  Grant Date  
  Fair Value 
  Per Share  
 1.66
 0.42
 1.40
—
 1.28

  Number of  
Shares 

1.28
0.48

1,245,285   $ 
530,000  
— (167,968)  
—
—  
1.16

1,607,317   $ 

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 
million of compensation expense, respectively related to the RSU grants.  The Company expects to recognize additional 
compensation expense related to the RSU grants of less than $0.1 million over the next six months.  

Restrictions lifted on 167,968 RSU shares during 2016 all relate to the retirement of Michael T. Mason from the 

Company’s Board of Directors during the year. 

Key Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan

Pursuant to the KELTIP (see Note 9), KELTIP Units may be granted to certain officers and key employees of the 
Company, which units will, once vested, entitle such officers and employees to receive an amount in cash or in Company 
common stock measured generally by the price of the Company's common stock on the settlement date. The KELTIP Units 
are recorded as a liability as discussed in Note 9.  

During the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company awarded 435,000 KELTIP Units to two officers of the 
Company and recorded approximately $0.2 million of compensation expense, included in “Stock based compensation” in 
the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. At December 31, 2017, the KELTIP Units 
were marked-to-market and the Company recognized approximately a $0.1 million reduction of compensation expense. 
At December 31, 2017 1,020,000 KELTIP Units were outstanding. 

During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company awarded 585,000 KELTIP Units to two officers of the 
Company and recorded approximately $0.2 million of compensation expense, included in “Stock based compensation” in 
the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. At December 31, 2016 the KELTIP Units 
were marked-to-market and the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million of additional compensation expense. At 
December 31, 2016 585,000 KELTIP Units were outstanding.  

F-31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

Common stock warrants 

The following table summarizes the status of the Company’s common stock warrants at December 31, 2017 and 

December 31, 216, and the changes during the years then ended: 

The Year Ended December 31,  

2017 

Weighted  
Number of  Average Exercise  Number of 
Underlying 
Price Per 
Underlying 
Shares 
Shares 
Share 
17,578,950 $

2.17

2016 
  Weighted  
 Average Exercise 
Price Per 
Share 

(cid:3)

Common Stock Warrants  
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
Granted during period
Dilution adjustment 
Expired during period 
Exercised during period
Outstanding at December 31, 2017

—
157,302
(6,258,080)
—

11,478,172 $

8,777,409  $ 
— 6,000,000     
2,801,541     

4.62

—  
—     
0.81 17,578,950  $ 

 3.96
 0.75
 —
 —
 —
 2.17

The warrants relate to prior registered offerings and private placements of the Company’s stock.  In September 
2012, the Company closed on both a registered public offering and concurrent private placement with Sentient in which it 
sold units, consisting of one share of common stock and a five-year warrant to acquire one half of a share of common stock 
at an exercise price of $8.42 per share. A total of 3,431,649 warrant shares were issued and became exercisable on March 
20, 2013 and expired on September 19, 2017, five years from the date of issuance.

In September 2014 the Company closed on both a registered public offering and concurrent private placement 
with Sentient in which it sold units, consisting of one share of common stock and a five-year warrant to acquire one half 
of a share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.21 per share.  A total of 4,746,000 warrant shares were issued that 
became exercisable on March 11, 2015 and will expire on September 10, 2019, five years from the date of issuance.  

In May 2016, the Company issued 8.0 million registered shares of common stock at a purchase price of $0.50 
per share in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) resulting in gross proceeds of $4.0 million. In connection with the 
Offering, each investor received an unregistered warrant to purchase three(cid:486)quarters of a share of common stock for each 
share  of  common  stock  purchased.  The  resulting  6,000,000  warrant  shares  have  an  exercise  price  of  $0.75  per  share, 
became exercisable on November 7, 2016 and will expire on November 6, 2021, five years from the initial exercise date.  

The September 2012 and 2014 warrant agreements contain anti-dilution clauses that could result in a resetting of 
the warrant exercise price and the number of warrant shares outstanding in the event the Company were to issue additional 
shares of its common stock in a future transaction at an offering price lower than the current exercise price of the warrants. 
As a result of the subsequent issuance of the Company’s common stock in separate transactions, including the September 
2014 registered public offering and private placement, the conversion of the Sentient Note, the May 2016 Offering and 
private placement, the ATM Program and the Hecla Share Issuance (defined herein) the exercise price of the 2012 and 
2014  warrants  has  been  adjusted  downward.  As  a  result  of  these  transactions,  the  number  of  shares  of  common  stock 
issuable upon exercise of the September 2012 warrants, prior to their expiration on September 19, 2017, had increased 
from the original 3,431,649 shares to 6,258,080 shares (2,826,431 share increase) and the exercise price has been reduced 
from the original $8.42 per share to $4.62 per share. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the 
September 2014 warrants has increased from the original 4,746,000 shares to 5,478,172 shares (732,172 share increase) 
and the exercise price has been reduced from the original $1.21 per share to $0.87 per share. 

F-32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

The warrants issued in September 2012 and September 2014 were recorded as a liability on the balance sheet at 
December  31,  2016,  as  a  result  of  anti-dilution  clauses  in  the  warrant  agreements  as  discussed  above.  The  May  2016 
warrants are not subject to anti-dilution and the warrants are recorded as equity.  At December 31, 2016, the total liability 
recorded for the 2012 and 2014 warrants was approximately $1.9 million, consisting of approximately $1.8 million for the 
2014 warrants and $0.1 million for the 2012 warrants.  The September 2012 warrants expired during 2017 and as a result 
of a change in accounting principle the September 2014 warrants were recorded in equity on the balance sheet at December 
31, 2017 (see Note 3).   As a result, the Company did not record a warrant liability at December 31, 2017.   

16.  Revenue, Deferred Revenue and Related Costs 

Oxide Plant Lease and Oxide Plant Lease Costs 

For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company recorded revenue of approximately $6.7 million and related 
costs  of  approximately  $2.2  million  associated  with  the  lease  of  the  Velardeña  Properties  oxide  plant.  The  Company 
recognizes oxide plant lease fees and reimbursements for labor, utility and other costs as “Revenue: Oxide plant lease” in 
the  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss  following  the  guidance  of  ASC  605 
regarding  "income  statement  characterization  of  reimbursements  received  for  "out-of-pocket  expenses  incurred"  and 
"reporting revenue gross as a principal versus net as an agent".  ASC 605 supports recording as gross revenue fees received 
for the reimbursement of expenses in situations where the recipient is the primary obligor and has certain discretion in the 
incurrence of the reimbursable expense. The actual costs incurred for reimbursed direct labor and utility costs are reported 
as  “Oxide  plant  lease  costs”  in  the  Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss.  The 
Company recognizes lease fees during the period the fees are earned per the terms of the lease. 

During August 2017, the Company granted Hecla an option to extend the oxide plant lease for an additional period 
of up to two years ending no later than December 31, 2020 (the “Extension Period”) in exchange for a $1.0 million upfront 
cash payment and the purchase of $1.0 million, or approximately 1.8 million shares, of the Company’s common stock, 
issued at a price of $0.55 per share, which was the undiscounted 30-day volume weighted average stock price (see Note 
15).  The option and lease extension were memorialized in (i) an Option Agreement dated August 2, 2017 among the 
Company and Hecla Mining Company (the “Option Agreement”), and (ii) a Second Amendment to Master Agreement and 
Lease Agreement dated August 2, 2017 among Minera William S.A. de C.V., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, and 
Minera Hecla S.A.  de C.V., an indirect subsidiary of Hecla Mining Company (the “Second Amendment”). Under the 
Second Amendment, Hecla must exercise the option to extend the lease no later than October 3, 2018.  All of the fixed 
fees and throughput related charges remain the same as under the original lease.  Similar volume limitations apply to any 
required future tailings expansions, which Hecla will fund, leaving unused at the end of the lease term an agreed amount 
of capacity in the expanded tailings facility.  Pursuant to the Second Amendment, Hecla will have the right to terminate 
the lease during the Extension Period for any reason with 120 days’ notice.  Hecla will also have a one-time right of first 
refusal to continue to lease the plant following a termination notice through December 31, 2020 if the Company decides 
to use the oxide plant for its own purposes before December 31, 2020.  

The Company expects to recognize the $1.0 million of income from granting the option over the expected life of 
the  lease  from  August  2,  2017  through  December  31,  2020  on  a  straight-line  basis,  including  such  income  in  “Other 
operating income” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.  As of December 
31, 2017, the unamortized portion of the lease option payment totaled approximately $0.9 million recorded as short and 
long  term  “Deferred  revenue”  on  the  Condensed  Consolidated  Balance  Sheets.    The  $1.0  million  received  for  the 
Consideration  Shares,  net  of  $71,000  in  legal  and  stock  exchange  issuance  fees,  has  been  recorded  as  equity  in  the 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2017. 

F-33 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

For the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company recorded revenue of approximately $6.4 million and related 

costs of approximately $2.0 million associated with the lease of the Velardeña Properties oxide plant. 

17.  Interest and Other Income 

For the year ended December 31, 2017 the Company had only a nominal amount of interest and other income, 

primarily related to interest on amounts receivable from the sale of mining equipment as discussed in Note 8. 

For the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company reported interest and other income of $0.4 million, which is 

primarily related to a refund of previously paid social security taxes in Mexico. 

18.  Derivative Loss 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016  the  Company  recorded  approximately  $1.7  million  of  warrant 
derivative  loss  related  to  an  increase  in  the  fair  value  of  the  liability  recorded  for  warrants  to  acquire  the  Company’s 
common stock (see Note 13).  The warrant liability at December 31, 2016 was recorded at fair value based primarily on a 
valuation performed by a third-party expert using a Monte Carlo simulation which falls within Level 3 of the fair value 
hierarchy (see Note 13). The third party valuation model takes into account the probability that the Company could issue 
additional shares in a future transaction at a lower price than the current exercise price of the warrants. Significant inputs 
to the third party valuation model included prices for the warrants disclosed above, the probability of an additional issuance 
of the Company’s common stock at a lower price than the current warrant exercise price and the inputs in the table below 
for the respective periods. The Company did not have a warrant liability at December31, 2017 as the result of a change in 
accounting principal during the period as discussed in Note 3. 

During the year ended December 31, 2016 the Company recorded approximately $0.8 million of derivative loss related 
to an increase in the fair value of the derivative liability related to the Sentient Loan. The derivative liability was recorded
at fair value at June 10, 2016, the date of the conversion of the remaining note (see Note 10), based primarily on a valuation 
performed by a third party expert using a Monte Carlo simulation, which falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy 
(see Note 13).  Significant inputs to the valuation model included: 1) future variations in the Company’s stock price, and 
2) the probability of entering into an equity transaction prior to the loan maturity date that would lower the conversion 
price.  At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Sentient Loan had been fully converted. 

F-34 

GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

19.  Cash flow information

The following table reconciles net loss for the period to cash used in operations: 

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating 
activities: 

Depreciation and amortization
Accretion of asset retirement obligation
Write off of loss contingency, net
Asset write off 
Gain on reduction of asset retirement obligation
Gain on sale of assets 
Amortization of deferred loan costs
Warrant liability fair market adjustment
Derivative liability fair market adjustment
Accretion of loan discount
Loss on debt extinguishment 
Stock compensation 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease in trade accounts receivable
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets
Decrease in inventories 
(Increase) decrease in value added tax recoverable, net
Increase in accrued interest payable net of amounts capitalized
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue
Decrease in reclamation liability
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Decrease in deferred leasehold payments

Net cash used in operating activities

  Year Ended December 31,  

2017 

2016 

(in thousands) 

$ (3,892)  $  (10,659)

952  
196  
—  
 —  
(56) 
(608) 
 —  
—  
—  
—  
 —  
296  

 1,548
 193
 (212)
 24
 —
 (1,791)
 57
 1,688
 778
 372
 1,653
 593

683  
(142) 
 3  
(149) 
—  
892  
 (8) 
226  
(23) 

 166
 (152)
 85
 346
 85
 (500)
 (11)
 (450)
 (18)
$ (1,630)  $   (6,205)

The Company did not make any cash payments for interest or income taxes during the years ended December 31, 

2017 and 2016. 

F-35 

 
 
 
    
     
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

20.  Commitments and Contingencies

Leases and Purchase Commitments  

The Company has non-cancelable operating lease commitments as follows: 

2018 

     2019 

     2020 

     2021 

      2022 

    Thereafter 

El Quevar mining concessions (estimated) 
Velardeña mining concessions (estimated) 
Office space 

$
$
$

93
70
293

93
$
$
70
$ 274

93
70

$ —
$  93   $  93
$
$
$ —
$  70   $  70
$ — $ —   $  — $ —

The Company is required to make payments to the Argentine government to maintain its rights to the El Quevar 
mining concessions. The Company has made such payments totaling approximately $111,000 and $116,000 for the years 
ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

The Company is required to pay concession holding fees to the Mexican government to maintain its rights to the 
Velardeña Properties mining concessions. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company made such 
payments totaling approximately $69,000 and $74,000 respectively, and annual payments under its surface right agreement 
with the local ejido of approximately $25,000. 

The Company has office leases for its corporate headquarters in Golden, Colorado, as well as for its Velardeña 
Properties offices in Mexico, and exploration offices in Mexico and Argentina.  The lease for the corporate headquarters 
office space was renegotiated and extended during the first quarter 2014. The new lease reflects an approximately 46% 
reduction  in  space  and  an  approximately  44%  reduction  in  cost  beginning  March 1,  2014.  The  new  lease  expires 
November 30,  2019.  Payments  associated  with  the  corporate  headquarters  lease  were  recorded  to  rent  expense  by  the 
Company in the amounts of $226,000 and $224,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

The Company cannot currently estimate the life of the Velardeña Properties or El Quevar project. The table above 
assumes that no annual maintenance payments will be made more than five years after December 31, 2017. If the Company 
continues mining and processing or evaluations of restart at the Velardeña Properties beyond five years, the Company 
expects that it would make annual maintenance payments of approximately $70,000 per year for the life of the Velardeña 
mine. If the Company continues to evaluate development opportunities at the El Quevar project, the Company expects that 
it would make annual maintenance payments of approximately $93,000 per year for the life of the El Quevar mine.  

Payments  associated  with  other  exploration  concessions  the  Company  owns  are  not  included  because  the 
Company  has  not  completed  exploration  work  on  these  concessions.  Exploration  success  is  historically  low  and  the 
Company has the right to terminate the payments and release the concessions at any time. 

Contingencies  

The Company has recorded only nil amounts to loss contingencies at December 31, 2016, as discussed in Note 

12. No loss contingencies were recorded at December 31, 2017. 

F-36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

21. Foreign Currency

The Company conducts exploration and mining activities primarily in Mexico and Argentina, and gains and losses 
on foreign currency transactions are related to those activities. The Company’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar but 
certain transactions are conducted in the local currencies resulting in foreign currency transaction gains or losses. 

22.  Segment Information

The Company’s sole activity is the mining, construction and exploration of mineral properties containing precious 
metals.    The  Company’s  reportable  segments  are  based  upon  the  Company’s  revenue  producing  activities  and  cash 
consuming  activities.  The  Company  reports  two  segments,  one  for  its  Velardeña  Properties  in  Mexico  and  the  other 
comprised  of  non-revenue  producing  activities  including  exploration,  construction  and  general  and  administrative 
activities.  Intercompany revenue and expense amounts have been eliminated within each segment in order to report on 
the basis that management uses internally for evaluating segment performance. The financial information relating to the 
Company’s segments is as follows: 

 Exploration, El     
Quevar, 

Costs 

Depreciation, Velardeña and
Applicable Depletion and Administrative

Pre-Tax 

Capital 

The Year ended December 31, 2017 

  Revenue 

to Sales  Amortization

(Income)/Loss  Total Assets Expenditures 

Velardeña Properties 
Corporate, Exploration & Other 

  $  6,691  $ 2,189 $

 —

—

  $  6,691  $ 2,189 $

Expense 
(in thousands)    
2,089 $
6,925
9,014 $

584 $
368
952 $

(3,330)  $ 
7,209     
3,879   $   13,077 $

 6,406 $
 6,671

The Year ended December 31, 2016 
Velardeña Properties 
Corporate, Exploration & Other 

  $  6,400  $ 2,046 $

 —

—

  $  6,400  $ 2,046 $

1,116 $
432
1,548 $

2,544 $
7,588
10,132 $

(2,167)  $ 
12,826     
10,659   $   14,008 $

 7,821 $
 6,187

79
2
81

35
15
50

All of the revenue for the two years presented was from the Company's Velardeña Properties in Mexico (see Note 

16) and was all attributable to the lease of the oxide plant.   

23.  Related Party Transactions 

The following sets forth information regarding transactions between the Company (and its subsidiaries) and its 

officers, directors and significant stockholders.   

Sale of Equipment: 

In August 2016, the Company sold certain mining equipment to Minera Indé, an indirect subsidiary of Sentient, 
for  $687,000  (see  Note  8),  in  a  transaction  approved  by  the  Company’s  Audit  Committee  and  Board  of  Directors.  At 
December 31, 2017 Sentient holds approximately 45% of the Company’s 91.9 million shares of issued and outstanding 
common stock. The equipment sold was excess equipment held at the Company’s Velardeña Properties that the Company 
did not expect to use. The Company used a third party consultant with experience in the used mining equipment market in 
Mexico to determine a fair value. The Company believes the price paid was at least equal to the fair market value of the 

F-37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
     
 
     
 
 
      
 
     
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
    
 
GOLDEN MINERALS COMPANY
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)
(Expressed in United States dollars)

equipment had it been sold through auction or in the open market. The Company received 10% of the sales price at the 
closing of the sale in August 2016, with the remainder, plus interest on the unpaid balance at an annual rate of 10%, due 
in February 2017. At December 31, 2016 the Company had recorded a receivable of $643,000 related to the sale, including 
accrued interest, included in “Related party receivable” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

With the approval of a Special Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company and Minera Indé 
amended the original equipment sale on March 31, 2017 to include the sale of an additional piece of excess equipment for 
$185,000 and extend the time for payment relating to the original equipment sale.  Upon execution of the amendment the 
Company  received  an  additional  payment  of  $100,000.  The  remaining  principal  and  interest  balance,  plus  additional 
interest on the unpaid balance at an annual rate of 10%, was amended to be due in August 2017.  The Company recorded 
a gain of $105,000 on the sale of the additional equipment, included in “Other operating income” in the accompanying 
Condensed  Consolidated  Statements  of  Operations  and  Comprehensive  Loss,  equal  to  the  gross  proceeds  less  the 
remaining basis in the equipment.  On May 2, 2017, the Company received approximately $750,000 from Minera Indé as 
payment  in  full  for  the  remaining  balance  due  related  to  the  equipment  sale,  including  interest  through  that  date.  At 
December 31, 2017, no amounts were due to the Company related to the mining equipment sale to Minera Indé. 

Administrative Services: 

Beginning in August 2016, the Company began providing limited accounting and other administrative services 
to Minera Indé, an indirect subsidiary of Sentient.  The services are provided locally in Mexico by the administrative staff 
at the Company’s Velardeña Properties. The Company charges Minera Indé $15,000 per month for the services, which 
provides reimbursement to the Company for its costs incurred plus a small profit margin. Amounts received under the 
arrangement reduce costs incurred for the care and maintenance of the Velardeña Properties and allows the Company to 
maintain a larger more experienced staff at the Velardeña Properties to support the oxide plant lease and potential future 
mining or processing activities. The Company’s Board of Directors and Audit Committee approved the agreement. For the 
year ended December 31, 2017 and the period ended December 31, 2016 the Company charged Minera Indé approximately 
$180,000 and $83,000, respectively for services, offsetting costs that are recorded in “Velardeña shutdown and care and 
maintenance” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.  

24.  Subsequent Event 

In August 2016, the Company, through its wholly owned Mexican subsidiary, entered into an earn-in agreement 
with a 100% owned Mexican subsidiary of Electrum related to the Company’s Celaya exploration property in Mexico.  
(See Note 8 for further details on the terms of the earn-in agreement.)  In February 2018, the Company and Electrum 
amended the Celaya earn-in agreement to permit Electrum to earn, at its option, an additional 20% interest in the Celaya 
project in exchange for a $1.0 million payment.  Electrum can now increase its total interest in the project to 80% by 
contributing 100% of the $2.5 million of expenditures required in the second three-year earn-in period as specified under 
the earn-in agreement. The Company will recognize a gain of $1.0 million from the amendment in the first quarter 2018. 

F-38 

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This(cid:3)page(cid:3)has(cid:3)been(cid:3)intentionally(cid:3)left(cid:3)blank.(cid:3)

CORPORATE(cid:3)INFORMATION(cid:3)(cid:3)

BOARD(cid:3)OF(cid:3)DIRECTORS(cid:3)
(cid:3)

JEFFREY(cid:3)G.(cid:3)CLEVENGER(cid:3)
Chairman(cid:3)
(cid:3)

WARREN(cid:3)M.(cid:3)REHN(cid:3)
President(cid:3)&(cid:3)Chief(cid:3)Executive(cid:3)Officer(cid:3)
Golden(cid:3)Minerals(cid:3)Company(cid:3)
(cid:3)
W.(cid:3)DURAND(cid:3)EPPLER(cid:3)1,3(cid:3)
Managing(cid:3)Director(cid:3)
Capstone(cid:3)Headwaters(cid:3)MB(cid:3)
(cid:3)

(cid:3)(cid:3)
OFFICERS(cid:3)
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IAN(cid:3)MASTERTON(cid:882)HUME(cid:3)2
Corporate(cid:3)Director(cid:3)and(cid:3)Member(cid:3)
Sentient(cid:3)Business(cid:3)Council(cid:3)
(cid:3)
KEVIN(cid:3)R.(cid:3)MORANO(cid:3)2,3
Managing(cid:3)Principal(cid:3)
KEM(cid:3)Capital(cid:3)LLC(cid:3)
(cid:3)
TERRY(cid:3)M.(cid:3)PALMER(cid:3)1,3
Retired(cid:3)
Certified(cid:3)Public(cid:3)Accountant(cid:3)
(cid:3)

ANDREW(cid:3)N.(cid:3)PULLAR(cid:3)(cid:3)
Managing(cid:3)Partner(cid:3)and(cid:3)Director(cid:3)
Sentient(cid:3)Equity(cid:3)Partners(cid:3)
(cid:3)
DAVID(cid:3)H.(cid:3)WATKINS(cid:3)1,2(cid:3)
Director(cid:3)
Commander(cid:3)Resources(cid:3)Ltd.(cid:3)(cid:3)

COMMITTEE(cid:3)MEMBERSHIP(cid:3)
1.(cid:3)Audit(cid:3)
2.(cid:3)Compensation(cid:3)
3.(cid:3)Corporate(cid:3)Governance(cid:3)and(cid:3)
Nominating(cid:3)
(cid:3)

WARREN(cid:3)M.(cid:3)REHN(cid:3)
President(cid:3)and(cid:3)Chief(cid:3)Executive(cid:3)Officer(cid:3)
(cid:3)

ROBERT(cid:3)P.(cid:3)VOGELS
Senior(cid:3)Vice(cid:3)President(cid:3)and(cid:3)Chief(cid:3)
Financial(cid:3)Officer(cid:3)
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SHAREHOLDER(cid:3)INFORMATION(cid:3)
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CORPORATE(cid:3)HEADQUARTERS(cid:3)
350(cid:3)Indiana(cid:3)Street,(cid:3)Suite(cid:3)800(cid:3)
Golden,(cid:3)Colorado(cid:3)80401(cid:3)USA(cid:3)
+1(cid:3)303(cid:3)839(cid:3)5060(cid:3)or(cid:3)
1(cid:3)888(cid:3)696(cid:3)2739(cid:3)(in(cid:3)U.S.)(cid:3)
www.goldenminerals.com(cid:3)
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INVESTOR(cid:3)RELATIONS(cid:3)CONTACT(cid:3)
Karen(cid:3)Winkler(cid:3)
Director(cid:3)of(cid:3)Investor(cid:3)Relations(cid:3)
+1(cid:3)303(cid:3)839(cid:3)5060(cid:3)or(cid:3)
1(cid:3)888(cid:3)696(cid:3)2739(cid:3)(in(cid:3)U.S.)(cid:3)
Investor.Relations@goldenminerals.com(cid:3)
(cid:3)
(cid:3)
INDEPENDENT(cid:3)ACCOUNTANTS(cid:3)
EKS&H,(cid:3)LLLP(cid:3)
7979(cid:3)E.(cid:3)Tufts(cid:3)Avenue,(cid:3)Suite(cid:3)400(cid:3)
Denver,(cid:3)CO(cid:3)80237(cid:3)
(cid:3)

(cid:3)

ANNUAL(cid:3)MEETING
Thursday,(cid:3)May(cid:3)17,(cid:3)2018(cid:3)at(cid:3)9:00(cid:3)a.m.(cid:3)
Mountain(cid:3)Time(cid:3)
350(cid:3)Indiana(cid:3)St.,(cid:3)1st(cid:3)Floor(cid:3)Conference(cid:3)
Center,(cid:3)Golden,(cid:3)Colorado(cid:3)80401(cid:3)
(cid:3)

STOCK(cid:3)INFORMATION(cid:3)
Our(cid:3)common(cid:3)stock(cid:3)trades(cid:3)on(cid:3)the(cid:3)
NYSE(cid:3)American(cid:3)and(cid:3)the(cid:3)Toronto(cid:3)
Stock(cid:3)Exchange(cid:3)under(cid:3)the(cid:3)symbol(cid:3)
AUMN.(cid:3)
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SHAREHOLDERS
As(cid:3)of(cid:3)March(cid:3)21,(cid:3)2018,(cid:3)the(cid:3)company(cid:3)
had(cid:3)approximately(cid:3)199(cid:3)shareholders(cid:3)
of(cid:3)record(cid:3)and(cid:3)an(cid:3)additional(cid:3)13,200(cid:3)
beneficial(cid:3)shareholders(cid:3)whose(cid:3)
shares(cid:3)were(cid:3)held(cid:3)in(cid:3)street(cid:3)name(cid:3)by(cid:3)
brokerage(cid:3)houses.(cid:3)

TRANSFER(cid:3)AGENT(cid:3)
Computershare(cid:3)
250(cid:3)Royall(cid:3)Street(cid:3)
Canton,(cid:3)MA(cid:3)02021(cid:3)
Shareholder(cid:3)Services:(cid:3)+1(cid:3)781(cid:3)575(cid:3)
3120(cid:3)or(cid:3)1(cid:3)800(cid:3)962(cid:3)4284(cid:3)(in(cid:3)U.S.)(cid:3)
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350 Indiana Street, Suite 800
Golden, Colorado 80401
303-839-5060

www.goldenminerals.com