Heartland BancCorp
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

Parent Company of Heartland Bank & TransCounty Title Agency ANNUAL REPORT 23 A MESSAGE FROM THE CEO Dear Valued Shareholders, I am pleased to report another successful year for Heartland BancCorp and its wholly owned subsidiary, Heartland Bank. It was a historic year for the banking industry as liquidity pressures caused the largest bank failures in U.S. history based on total combined assets. Balance sheets across the industry experienced liquidity pressures as rates eventually peaked; however, our organic expansion plans continued to come to fruition. The year was markedly different between the first and second half of 2023 causing a significant pivot in short-term strategy during the second half. Once again, your community bank achieved record results in 2023 by posting annual earnings of $19.5 million. In June 2023, Heartland was ranked #119 on the American Banker Magazine’s list of Top Publicly Traded Community Banks and Thrifts based on three-year average return on equity as of December 31, 2022. In March 2023, the financial markets were rocked by the largest combined bank failures in U.S. history. While the purpose of regulation is to identify and avoid major events and ensure safety and soundness of financial institutions, I believe it nonetheless needs to be properly administered. I believe effectively administered regulation may have prevented at least one of these large bank failures. Those failures cascaded through the banking system, causing disruption in deposits as the heightened interest-rate environment took hold. Stock prices for banks fell under pressure until mid-fourth quarter, when they began to rebound. While banks in the Nasdaq Bank Index saw significant volatility in their stock prices, which fell 34.3% at the low point, HLAN shares dropped 13.7% at their low, and then rebounded to $87.89 by year end, closing the gap to -6.30%. Bank stocks remain under pressure as the rapid rate increases continue to flow through banks’ balance sheets. Soon after the bank failures and the government response, your board of directors and management identified a need to shift our strategic focus to efficiency, income non-interest generation and deposit gathering. I’m pleased to report that the focus and execution of this new direction was key to producing positive net results for 2023. Moving into 2024, we will continue focus given the this yield interest curve, industry liquidity income rate concerns and geopolitical events that could affect the U.S. economy. While there has not been a recession as of this date and some feel we are headed for a soft landing, the fact remains that, to land this plane, your federal government extended the runway by pumping trillions of dollars into the economy since 2020. This obviously unsustainable path gives us pause until there are signs of stability and stronger budgetary constraint. Our organic geographic expansion continued in 2023 with the addition of two new locations. Our branch office in Kenwood was opened in January, being the first location in Greater Cincinnati on the Ohio side of the river. Our long-awaited presence in Delaware, Ohio, was opened in October to include a future Caribou Coffee in the leased space adjacent to our branch office. Both locations are well positioned to expand our brand of community banking to Greater Cincinnati and Delaware County. Once again, I would like to thank our associates for their hard work and dedication to providing value to you, our shareholders, as well as the communities we serve. Continued focus on our culture and setting ourselves apart from the competition in times like these are invaluable traits to organizations that excel through adverse times. I would like to thank everyone for their support of the Heartland Bank Community Foundation. The contributions from associates, our board and the public have enabled the Foundation to make a real impact on early childhood development in Central Ohio and the Greater Cincinnati market including Northern Kentucky. Please share your Heartland story with your friends, family and business associates as this is by far our best source of building new relationships, and I sincerely thank you for your continued support and patronage. Sincerely, G. Scott McComb Chairman, President & CEO 3 2023 Annual ReportTABLE OF CONTENTS Our Impacts Financial Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Consolidated Financial Statements Another Year of Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Independent Auditor’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Balance Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Statements of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Statements of Comprehensive Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Statements of Shareholders’ Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Statements of Cash Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Notes to Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Our Team Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Senior Management Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Take stock in YOUR COMMUNITY HLAN Heartland BancCorp is currently quoted on the OTCQX market under the symbol HLAN. To learn more about Heartland BancCorp shares, please visit ir.Heartland.Bank or call (614) 337-4600. You may also contact Heartland Planning Associates at (614) 392-5303 or consult your financial advisor. Statements made on the OTC website are a reflection of past performance of the bank and holding company and should not be considered a projection of future performance. Investments involve varying degrees of risk, including possible loss of principal. Funds held in corporate stock are not considered a deposit of the bank or bank holding company, not guaranteed by the bank or holding company and are not insured by the FDIC or any government agency and may lose value. Information provided on these websites is not a part of this annual report and therefore is not incorporated by reference into this annual report. Additional information, including analyst reports, can be found here: OTCmarkets.com/Stock/HLAN/Research FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Highlights Your community bank in review - a condensed version of an outstanding 2023 for financial position and community impact. Financial data as of 12/31/2023 or for the year ending 12/31/2023. All figures in 000s, except share items and %. Diluted EPS Total Assets Tangible Book Value per Share $1,883,215 Net Loans $9.62 $74.23 Tangible Book Value Per Share ROATCE Heartland Planning Associates Revenue $1,626 People Portfolio Revenue per FTE Core Deposit Growth $1,443,542 10% Increase in 2023 $1,312,087 in 2022 Efficiency Ratio Operating Revenue Congratulations G. Scott McComb Awarded 2023 Power 100 by Columbus Business First Bank Ranked #119 Top 200 Publicly Traded Community Banks & Thrifts in 2023 American Banker Magazine Congratulations G. Scott McComb Awarded Most-Admired Executives in C-Suite by Columbus Business First 5 2023 Annual Report ANOTHER YEAR OF ACHIEVEMENT Changes in Financial Condition: Total assets at December 31, 2023, were $1.88 billion, an increase of 13% compared to $1.66 billion at December 31, 2022. Net loans held for investment increased $143.4 million, or 10%, to $1.53 billion at December 31, 2023, compared to $1.39 billion at December 31, 2022. All lines of business contributed to this increase, with the largest component in nonowner-occupied loans, which increased $109.6 million, or 28%, followed by 1-4 family residential loans, which increased $47.2 million, and commercial and industrial loans, which increased $9.9 million. Nonperforming assets consisting of nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90+ days and still accruing, and Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) totaled $2.1 million, or 0.11%, of total assets at December 31, 2023, an increase of $1.1 million from 2022. Net charge-offs increased during 2023 to $0.43 million, which was a $0.13 million increase compared to $0.29 million in 2022. The allowance for credit loss at December 31, 2023, now covers nonaccrual loans by 1,106.0%, compared to 2,370.1% at December 31, 2022. Heartland BancCorp funds earning asset growth through its deposit relationships. Deposits increased $186.0 million, or 13%, to $1.64 billion at December 31, 2023, due to strong execution of deposit growth strategies along with a renewed interest in certificates of deposits due to increasing market rates. Deposit balances for the year included a reduction of $35.4 million in demand deposits, which was replaced with increases of $101.5 million in savings and money market deposits and $119.9 million in time deposits. Deposit growth included an increase of $99.2 million in brokered funding due to liquidity pressures impacting the banking industry, which was offset by a reduction of $46.1 million in public fund deposits requiring collateralization. Core deposits, excluding brokered funds and certificates of deposits greater than $250,000, increased $131.5 million, or 10%, to end the year at $1.44 billion. Total shareholders’ equity increased $18.6 million, or 13.0%, to $162.5 million at December 31, 2023. Based upon total shares outstanding, the book value of shareholders’ equity increased 12.6% to $80.66 per share at December 31, 2023. Heartland Bank and Heartland BancCorp met all regulatory capital levels to be considered well-capitalized for 2023 and 2022 (see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In 2023, Heartland BancCorp paid dividends of $3.04 per share, representing a dividend yield of 3.45% on the closing stock price of $87.89 per share on December 31, 2023. 6 2023 Annual ReportEarnings Summary: Results of Operation: Heartland BancCorp has a 30+ year history of strong, consistent financial performance, and 2023 was no exception. Net income for 2023 increased 8% to a record $19.5 million, or $9.62 per diluted share, compared to $18.1 million or $8.90 per diluted share in 2022. Return on average assets and equity were 1.09% and 12.93% respectively for 2023, compared to 1.20% and 12.37% respectively for 2022. Net interest income increased 7% to $61.0 million, compared to $57.0 million in 2022. Average earning assets increased to $1.7 billion in 2023 compared to $1.4 billion in 2022, resulting from a $256.90 million, or 21%, increase in average loan balances. The consolidated full-year net interest margin declined 41 basis points to 3.62% in 2023, compared to 4.03% for the full year of 2022. Positive results for 2023 included net loan growth of $143.4 million or 10%. Deposit balances increased by $186.0 million or 13%, supported by core deposit growth of $131.5 million or 10%. The mortgage banking segment contributed strong revenues, with residential real estate loan production of $147.0 million for the year, resulting in $1.4 million of revenue from gains on sales of mortgage loans and original mortgage servicing rights (OMSRs). Heartland’s portfolio of mortgage loans serviced for others ended 2023 at $376.6 million, up from $365.3 million at December 31, 2022. Loan servicing portfolios including residential, commercial and agriculture added a total of $1.5 million in pretax, pre-provision net revenue. The commercial segment contributed loan swap referral fees of $1.0 million in 2023. Operating revenue (net interest income plus noninterest income) was up compared to the prior year by $5.1 million, or 7.5%. Deposit funding pressure due to higher market rates and liquidity constraints led to a 41 basis-point decrease in the net interest margin to 3.62% for 2023. Increasing market rates throughout the year led to increased revenue from commercial loan swap referral fees for 2023. Operating expense increased $2.8 million, or 6%, in 2023, due to branch expansion and investment in technology improvements. Operating leverage (growth in revenue divided by growth in operating expense) was positive 1.8 times. Net charge-offs for 2023 were $0.43 million compared to $0.29 million in 2022. Beginning January 1, 2023, Heartland began accounting for credit losses under CECL which replaced the former “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected loss” model. Credit loss provision was $2.6 million for 2023, compared to $1.9 million in 2022. Provision for credit loss expense was $2.6 million for 2023, compared to $1.9 million in 2022. For 2023, net charge-offs totaled $0.43 million, or .03% of average loans compared to $0.29 million, or .02% of average loans in 2022. The allowance for credit losses as a percent of loans was 1.16% at December 31, 2023, and the allowance for credit losses plus unfunded commitment liability (ACL + UCL) was $19.4 million, or 1.25% of total loans, compared to $16.6 million, or 1.18% of total loans, a year ago. Due to the January 1, 2023, adoption of CECL, an after- tax decrease of $0.5 million was recorded to retained earnings. Total noninterest income was $12.4 million for 2023 compared to $11.4 million for 2022, representing an increase of $1.1 million, or 9%, year-over-year. This increase was driven by growth of $0.9 million, or 56%, in gains on sales of loans and OMSRs and $0.4 million in service charges on deposit accounts, partially offset by a decline of $0.3 million in title insurance income. TransCounty Title Agency contributed $1.5 million in noninterest income for 2023, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 24%, compared to $2.0 million in 2022. Total noninterest expense was $47.1 million for 2023, compared to $44.2 million in 2022, representing a $2.8 million, or 6.4%, increase year-over-year. Total full-time equivalent employees ended 2023 at 298 compared to 292 at year end 2022. Salaries and benefits were driven by higher employee headcount due to our expansion into two new communities, with the addition of a Kenwood branch in our Greater Cincinnati market and the new Delaware branch in our Central Ohio market, along with an increase of $0.7 million in employee benefit costs, which is partially offset by lower compensation costs in the commercial and mortgage divisions due to lower origination volume. Software and data processing fees increased $0.8 million, or 22%, in 2023 due to continued investment in technology solutions to enhance efficiency and improve customer experience. TransCounty Title Agency contributed $1.4 million in operating costs in 2023, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 23%, compared to $1.8 million in 2022. 7 2023 Annual ReportIndependent Auditor’s Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 8 2023 Annual ReportIndependent Auditor’s Report and Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 Independent Auditor’s Report Board of Directors and Audit Committee Heartland BancCorp Whitehall, Ohio Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Heartland BancCorp, which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Heartland BancCorp as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited Heartland BancCorp’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, Heartland BancCorp maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on COSO. Basis for Opinions We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audits of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting” section of our report. We are required to be independent of Heartland BancCorp and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions. Emphasis of Matter As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2023, Heartland BancCorp changed its method of accounting for credit losses on financial instruments due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326: Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter. 9 2023 Annual Report Board of Directors and Audit Committee Heartland BancCorp Responsibilities of Management for the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of effective internal control over financial reporting relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Management also is responsible for its assessment about the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about Heartland BancCorp’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audits of the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinions. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit of consolidated financial statements or an audit of internal control over financial reporting conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement or a material weakness when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered to be material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the consolidated financial statements. In performing an audit of consolidated financial statements and an audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with GAAS, we:  Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audits.  Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the financial statement audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances.  Obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting relevant to the audit of internal control over financial reporting, assess the risks that a material weakness exists, and test and evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the assessed risk.  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.  Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about Heartland BancCorp’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. 10 2023 Annual Report Board of Directors and Audit Committee Heartland BancCorp We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the financial statement audit. Definition and Inherent Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting An entity’s internal control over financial reporting is a process effected by those charged with governance, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the preparation of reliable consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Because management’s assessment and our audit were conducted to meet the reporting requirements of Section 112 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA), our audit of Heartland BancCorp’s internal control over financial reporting included controls over the preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and with the instructions to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies (Form FR Y-9-C). An entity’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the entity; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the entity are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and those charged with governance; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection and correction of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the entity’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements. Also, projections of any assessment of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Indianapolis, Indiana March 7, 2024 11 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Heartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Assets 2023 2022 Cash and cash equivalents Available-for-sale securities Held-to-maturity securities, fair value of $5 at December 31, 2022 Loans held for sale Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $17,927 and $16,591 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively Premises and equipment Nonmarketable equity securities Mortgage servicing rights, net Foreclosed assets held for sale Goodwill Intangible assets Deferred income taxes Life insurance assets Accrued interest receivable and other assets $ 36,682 $ 211,130 — 1,145 1,531,280 33,649 6,866 3,373 10 12,389 565 6,448 20,315 19,363 22,883 152,492 5 1,345 1,387,842 30,476 6,627 3,173 5 12,389 765 7,516 19,790 17,818 Total assets $ 1,883,215 $ 1,663,126 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Liabilities Deposits Demand Savings, NOW and money market Time Total deposits Repurchase agreements Other borrowed funds Subordinated debt Interest payable and other liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' Equity $ 487,631 $ 711,198 443,772 1,642,601 4,583 31,000 24,034 18,465 523,036 609,676 323,858 1,456,570 5,213 16,000 24,693 16,742 1,720,683 1,519,218 Common stock, without par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued 2023 - 2,105,737 shares, 2022 - 2,099,587 shares Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss Treasury stock at cost, 2023 - 90,612 and 2022 - 90,612 shares Total shareholders' equity 62,724 120,065 (15,263) (4,994) 61,998 107,165 (20,261) (4,994) 162,532 143,908 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 1,883,215 $ 1,663,126 Total interest income 92,386 63,097 Interest Income Loans Securities Taxable Tax-exempt Other Interest Expense Deposits Borrowings Total interest expense Net Interest Income Provision for Credit Losses Noninterest Income Service charges Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses Gains on sale of loans and originated mortgage servicing rights Loan servicing fees, net Title insurance income Increase in cash value of life insurance Other Total noninterest income Noninterest Expense Salaries and employee benefits Net occupancy and equipment expense Software and data processing fees Professional fees Marketing expense Printing and office supplies State financial institution tax FDIC insurance premiums Other Total noninterest expense Income Before Income Tax Provision for Income Taxes Net Income Basic Earnings Per Share Diluted Earnings Per Share 2023 2022 $ 84,423 $ 57,920 4,321 2,441 1,201 28,690 2,662 31,352 61,034 2,600 58,434 4,012 2,372 1,530 892 525 3,108 4,231 4,461 1,021 1,199 353 1,039 1,166 4,022 47,050 23,823 4,307 2,498 2,346 333 4,447 1,659 6,106 56,991 1,920 55,071 3,631 1,520 1,505 1,177 409 3,139 3,920 3,662 1,044 1,012 323 1,129 369 4,423 44,226 22,226 4,155 12,439 11,381 29,558 28,344 $ $ $ 19,516 $ 18,071 9.69 $ 9.62 $ 9.00 8.90 12 5 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 6 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Income Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Interest Income Loans Securities Taxable Tax-exempt Other Total interest income Interest Expense Deposits Borrowings Total interest expense Net Interest Income Provision for Credit Losses Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses Noninterest Income Service charges Gains on sale of loans and originated mortgage servicing rights Loan servicing fees, net Title insurance income Increase in cash value of life insurance Other Total noninterest income Noninterest Expense Salaries and employee benefits Net occupancy and equipment expense Software and data processing fees Professional fees Marketing expense Printing and office supplies State financial institution tax FDIC insurance premiums Other Total noninterest expense Income Before Income Tax Provision for Income Taxes Net Income Basic Earnings Per Share Diluted Earnings Per Share See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 2023 2022 $ 84,423 $ 57,920 4,321 2,441 1,201 2,498 2,346 333 92,386 63,097 28,690 2,662 31,352 61,034 2,600 58,434 4,012 2,372 1,530 892 525 3,108 4,447 1,659 6,106 56,991 1,920 55,071 3,631 1,520 1,505 1,177 409 3,139 12,439 11,381 29,558 4,231 4,461 1,021 1,199 353 1,039 1,166 4,022 47,050 23,823 4,307 28,344 3,920 3,662 1,044 1,012 323 1,129 369 4,423 44,226 22,226 4,155 $ $ $ 19,516 $ 18,071 9.69 $ 9.62 $ 9.00 8.90 6 13 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Net Income Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss): 2023 2022 $ 19,516 $ 18,071 Unrealized gain/(loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes/(benefit) of $1,329 and $(5,993) for 2023 and 2022, respectively Other comprehensive income/(loss) 4,998 (22,544) 4,998 (22,544) Comprehensive Income/(Loss) $ 24,514 $ (4,473) See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 14 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Common Stock Shares Amount Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Treasury Stock Total Balance, December 31, 2021 2,004,175 $ 61,231 $ 94,638 $ 2,283 $ (4,994) $ 153,158 Net income Other comprehensive loss Dividends on common stock, $2.76 per share Stock option expense Stock options exercised 4,800 515 252 18,071 (5,544) (22,544) 18,071 (22,544) (5,544) 515 252 Balance, December 31, 2022 2,008,975 $ 61,998 $ 107,165 $ (20,261) $ (4,994) $ 143,908 Cumulative change for adoption of ASC 326 (see note 1) (500) (500) Balance, January 1, 2023 2,008,975 $ 61,998 $ 106,665 $ (20,261) $ (4,994) $ 143,408 Net income Other comprehensive income Dividends on common stock, $3.04 per share Stock option expense Stock options exercised 6,150 478 248 19,516 (6,116) 4,998 19,516 4,998 (6,116) 478 248 Balance, December 31, 2023 2,015,125 $ 62,724 $ 120,065 $ (15,263) $ (4,994) $ 162,532 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 8 15 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Operating Activities Net income Items not requiring (providing) cash Depreciation and amortization Provision for credit losses Amortization of premiums and discounts on securities Amortization of purchase accounting adjustments Accretion of loan fees, net Deferred income taxes Stock option expense Tax benefit related to stock options exercised Gain on sale of loans Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance Changes in Receivables due from loan sales Interest receivable Other assets Interest payable and other liabilities 2023 2022 $ 19,516 $ 18,071 1,932 2,600 787 142 (72) (102) 478 28 (1,312) (525) 200 (1,990) 461 128 1,913 1,920 872 236 (299) (119) 515 30 (1,219) (409) 3,303 (862) (3,068) 2,359 Net cash provided by operating activities 22,271 23,243 Investing Activities Purchase of available-for-sale securities Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities Purchase of nonmarketable equity securities Net change in loans Purchase of premises and equipment Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment Purchase of life insurance (58,184) 4,965 5 (239) (143,955) (5,168) 104 — (35,047) 9,652 44 (603) (230,681) (2,990) 53 (1,261) Net cash used in investing activities (202,472) (260,833) See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 16 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 9 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued) Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) 2023 2022 Financing Activities Net increase in demand deposits, money market, NOW and savings accounts Net increase in certificates of deposit Net decrease in repurchase agreements Net change in fed funds Proceeds/(repayment) of FHLB advances Repayment of subordinated notes Proceeds from stock options exercised Dividends paid $ 66,117 $ 119,941 (630) (10,000) 25,000 (700) 248 (5,976) 64,860 135,710 (3,819) 10,000 (6,000) — 252 (5,414) Net cash provided by financing activities Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 194,000 195,589 13,799 (42,001) 22,883 64,884 Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year $ 36,682 $ 22,883 Supplemental Cash Flows Information Interest paid Income taxes paid (net of refunds) Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities Right of use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability $ $ $ 30,973 $ 4,920 $ 6,316 4,030 119 $ 1,777 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 10 17 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations Heartland BancCorp (“Company”) is a bank holding company whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Heartland Bank (the “Bank”) and TransCounty Title Agency, LLC along with the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Heartland Mortgage Corporation (inactive), Heartland Investments, Inc. (inactive) and Heartland Insurance Services, LLC (inactive). The Bank is primarily engaged in providing a full range of banking and financial services to individual and corporate customers in central Ohio and Greater Cincinnati. The Bank is subject to competition from other financial institutions. The Bank is subject to the regulation of certain federal and state agencies and undergoes examinations by those regulatory authorities on an 18-month cycle. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank, TransCounty Title Agency, LLC and Heartland Insurance Services, LLC. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets and liabilities of the business acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Results of operations of the acquired business are included in the income statement from the date of acquisition. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the allowance for credit losses, valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans, valuation of deferred tax assets, credit loss on available-for-sale securities, and fair values of financial instruments. Cash Equivalents At December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $75,000. Additionally, approximately $21,717,000 of cash is held by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati as of December 31, 2023, which is not federally insured. Securities Available-for-sale debt securities, which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of 18 11 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 related income tax effects, in other comprehensive income/(loss). Held-to-maturity debt securities, which include any security for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Realized gains and losses are recorded as net security gains (losses). Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on the specific-identification method. For AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether (i) we intend to sell, or (ii) it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either case is affirmative, any previously recognized allowances are charged-off and the security's amortized cost is written down to fair value through income. If neither case is affirmative, the security is evaluated to determine whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in our income statement as a component of credit loss expense. AFS securities are charged-off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through income when deemed uncollectible by management or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The company recognized no allowance for credit losses for AFS securities in 2023. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, management evaluated securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warranted such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considered the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assessed whether it intended to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings. The Company recognized no other-than temporary impairment in 2022. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent securities the Company routinely sells to certain treasury management customers and then repurchases these securities the next day. Securities sold under repurchase agreements are reflected as secured borrowings in the consolidated balance sheets at the amount of cash received in connection with each transaction. Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses, any deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans 12 19 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan. For all loan classes, the accrual of interest is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. For all loan classes, past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. For all loan classes, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The Company requires a period of satisfactory performance of not less than six months before returning a nonaccrual loan to accrual status. Discounts and premiums on purchased loans are amortized to income using the interest method over the remaining period to contractual maturity, adjusted for anticipated prepayments. Purchased Credit Deteriorated (PCD) Loans The Company has purchased loans, some of which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of purchase dates may include information such as past-due and nonaccrual status, borrower credit risk grade and recent loan to value percentages. PCD loans are recorded at the amount paid. An allowance for credit losses is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The initial allowance for credit losses determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of the loan’s purchase price and allowance for credit losses becomes it initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the allowance for credit losses are recorded through credit loss expense. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. Loans are only removed from the existing pools if they are written off, paid off, or sold. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the noncredit premium or discount which will be amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the pool. Changes to the allowance for credit losses after adoptions are recorded through credit loss expense. Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 introduces a new credit loss methodology, Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL"), which requires earlier recognition of credit losses, while also providing additional transparency about credit risk. ASU 2016-13 amends guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold previously required under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") and instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the reserve for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $6,397,000 at December 31, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. In addition, entities need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. 20 13 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 The Company adopted Accounting Standards Certification ("ASC") 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The adoption of CECL resulted in an decrease to the total allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans held for investment of $0.7 million, an increase in allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $1.3 million, and an increase in deferred tax asset of $0.1 million. The Company also recorded a tax effected net reduction of retained earnings of $0.5 million upon adoption. The allowance for credit losses is evaluated on a regular basis and established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. When a loan or portion of a loan is determined to be uncollectible, the portion deemed uncollectible is charged against the allowance and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Portfolio Segmentation Portfolio segmentation is defined as the pooling of loans based upon similar risk characteristics such that quantitative methodologies and qualitative adjustment factors for estimating the allowance for credit losses are constructed for each segment. The Company has identified 16 portfolio segments of loans to align with Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Call Report definitions. The allowance for credit losses for Pooled Loans is estimated based upon periodic review of the collectability of the loans quantitatively correlating historical loan experience with reasonable and supportable forecasts using forward looking information. The Company primarily utilized a discounted cash flow (DCF) method to estimate the quantitative portion of the allowance for credit losses for loans evaluated on a collective pooled basis. The Company also utilized a Remaining Life Method (WARM) for Farmland and Agriculture segments. For each segment, a loss driver analysis (LDA) was performed in order to identify appropriate loss drivers and create a regression model for use in forecasting cash flows. The LDA utilized the Company’s own FFIEC Call Report data for all segments. Peer data was incorporated into the analysis for all segments. The Company has established a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with a one-year straight-line reversion to the long-term historical average. The Company’s policy is to utilize its own data, which includes loan-level loss data from March 31, 2004 through December 31, 2019, whenever possible. Peer data is utilized when there are not sufficient defaults for a satisfactory sound calculation, or if the Company does not have its own loan-level detail reflecting similar economic conditions as the forecasted loss drivers. Key inputs into the DCF model include loan-level detail, including the amortized cost basis of individual loans, payment structure, loss history, and forecasted loss drivers. The Company uses forecasts from Moody’s Analytics. Other key assumptions include the probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), and prepayment/curtailment rates. When possible, the Company utilizes its own PDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When it is not possible to use the Company’s own PDs, the LDA is utilized to determine PDs based on the forecasted economic factors. In all cases, the LDA is then utilized to determine the long-term historical average, which is reached over the reversion period. When possible, the Company utilizes its own LGDs for the reasonable and supportable forecast period. When it is not possible to use the Company’s own LGDs, the LGD is derived using a method referred to as Frye Jacobs. The Frye Jacobs method is a mathematical formula that traces the relationship between LGD and PD over time and projects the LGD based on the level of PD forecasted. In all cases, the Frye Jacobs method is utilized to calculate LGDs during the reversion period and long-term historical average. Prepayment and curtailment rates were calculated based on the Company’s own data utilizing a three-year average. When the discounted cash flow method is used to determine the allowance for credit losses, management incorporates expected prepayments to determine the effective interest rate utilized to discount expected cash flow. Adjustments to the quantitative evaluation may be made to account for differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics such as changes in: underwriting standards, changes in the value of underlying 14 21 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 collateral dependent loans, the existence and effect of portfolio concentration, delinquency level, regulatory environment, economic conditions, Company management and the status of portfolio administration including the Company’s loan review function. Reserve for Unfunded Commitments The reserve for unfunded commitments (the “Unfunded Commitment Liability” or “UCL”) represents the expected credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. No allowance is recognized if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. The Company is defining unconditionally cancellable in its literal sense, meaning that a commitment may be cancelled by the Company for any, or for no reason whatsoever. However, the Company in its business dealings, has no practical history of unconditionally canceling commitments. Commitments are not typically cancelled until a default or a defined condition occurs. The UCL is recognized as a liability (included within other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets), with adjustments to the reserve recognized as a provision for credit loss expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The UCL is determined by estimating expected future fundings, under each segment, and applying the expected loss rates. Expected future fundings over the estimated life of commitments are based on historical averages of funding rates (i.e., the likelihood of draws taken). To estimate future fundings on unfunded balances, current funding rates are compared to historical funding rates. Estimate of credit losses are determined using the same loss rates as funded loans. Mortgage Servicing Rights When mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained, servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value with the income statement effect recorded in gains on sales of loans. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. All classes of servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported with loan servicing fees on the income statement. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses. Servicing fee income, which is reported on the income statement as loan servicing fees, is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal; or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income. Premises and Equipment Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Nonmarketable Equity Securities Nonmarketable equity securities consist of common stock in the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The FRB and FHLB stocks are required investments for institutions that are members of the 22 15 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 FRB and FHLB systems. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale Foreclosed assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If the fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Goodwill Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized but tested for impairment at least annually. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than the carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is identified and recorded to expense. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements. The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2023 and concluded goodwill is not impaired. Changes in goodwill are further described in Note 6, Goodwill. Company-owned Life Insurance The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives.  Company-owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Stock Options At December 31, 2023, the Company has a share-based employee compensation plan, which is described more fully in Note 16. Transfers of Financial Assets Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company—put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax 16 23 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. If necessary, the Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense. The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiaries in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to tax authorities for years before 2020. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no uncertain income tax positions. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional potential common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Comprehensive income/(loss) consists of net income and other comprehensive income/(loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income/(loss) includes unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of applicable income taxes. Marketing Costs Marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Revenue From Contracts With Customers The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. 24 17 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest and dividend income on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are outside the scope of ASC 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the consolidated statements of income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; and charged on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. Service Charges on Deposit Accounts. The Company generates revenues through fees charged to depositors related to deposit account maintenance fees, overdrafts, ATM fees, wire transfers and additional miscellaneous services provided at the request of the depositor. For deposit-related services, revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied, which is, generally, at a point in time. This revenue is included in service charges on the consolidated statements of income. Financial Planning and Wealth Advisory. The Company offers financial planning, wealth management, insurance, and investment advisory services through LPL. Payments in connection with these services are governed by written agreements. Fees paid to The Company by LPL in accordance with the services provided are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied. This revenue is included in other income on the consolidated statements of income. Title Insurance Services. The Company provides residential and commercial title insurance services through its subsidiary, Trans County Title Agency. The Company’s primary relationships for title services are with real estate agents, lenders, attorneys and builders. Fees for title insurance and ancillary services such as closing services, title searches and lien searches are recognized when services are rendered, and performance obligations are satisfied. This revenue is included in title insurance income on the consolidated statements of income. Interchange Income. The Company earns interchange fees from debit and credit cardholder transactions conducted through the Visa payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. This revenue is included in service charges on the consolidated statements of income. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company has adopted ASU 2016-01 “Financial Instruments,” which requires the use of an exit price to measure fair value for disclosure purposes and clarifies that entities should not make use of practicability exception in determining the fair value of loans. Accordingly, the Company modified the calculation used to determine the disclosed fair value of loans held for investments as part of adopting this standard. Adoption of New Accounting Standards On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”) (“ASC 326”) as amended. The new accounting guidance in this ASU replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The CECL methodology is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments). The CECL methodology requires an entity to estimate credit losses over the life of an asset or off-balance sheet credit exposure. 18 25 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 In addition, CECL made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities if management determines that the Company does not intend to sell and it is more likely than not, that the Company will not be required to sell the securities. The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The adoption of CECL resulted in an decrease to our total allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans held for investment of $0.7 million, an increase in allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments of $1.3 million, and an increase in deferred tax asset of $0.1 million. The Company also recorded a tax effected net reduction of retained earnings of $0.5 million upon adoption. The following table details the impact of the adoption of ASC 326: December 31, 2022 Impact of ASC 326 Adoption January 1, 2023 Assets: Allowance for credit losses $ 16,591 $ (678) $ 15,913 Liabilities: Allowance for unfunded commitments $ — $ 1,310 $ 1,310 Retained Earnings: Total pre-tax impact Tax effect Decrease to Retained Earnings Reclassifications $ $ (632) 132 (500) Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2022 financial statements to conform to the 2023 financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income. 26 19 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 2: Securities The amortized cost and approximate fair values, together with gross unrealized gains and losses, of securities are as follows: Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Approximate Fair Value Available-for-sale Securities: December 31, 2023: U.S. government agencies $ 55,115 $ 49 $ (5,639) $ SBA Loan Pools Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate bonds Totals December 31, 2022: U.S. government agencies Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate bonds 12,384 43,197 104,727 15,148 277 243 379 — (40) (2,793) (10,404) (1,513) 49,525 12,621 40,647 94,702 13,635 $ $ 230,571 $ 948 $ (20,389) $ 211,130 39,691 $ — $ (6,680) $ 33,011 21,843 101,439 15,165 1 18 — (3,216) (14,438) (1,331) 18,628 87,019 13,834 Totals $ 178,138 $ 19 $ (25,665) $ 152,492 Held-to-maturity Securities: December 31, 2022: State and political subdivisions $ 5 $ — $ — $ 5 The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. 20 27 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Within one year One to five years Five to ten years After ten years Available-for-sale Amortized Cost Fair Value $ 2,382 $ 14,803 44,426 113,379 2,372 14,756 42,449 98,285 174,990 157,862 SBA Loan Pools 12,384 12,621 Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities 43,197 40,647 Totals $ 230,571 $ 211,130 The carrying value, which equals fair value, of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, was $60,956,000 at December 31, 2023 and $64,007,000 at December 31, 2022. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022. Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. Total fair value of these investments at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $147,640,000 and $144,029,000, which is approximately 70% and 94%, respectively, of the Company’s available-for-sale and held- to-maturity investment portfolio. These declines resulted from changes in market interest rates. Management believes the declines in fair value for these securities are temporary. The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 and 2022: Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Less than 12 Months December 31, 2023 12 Months or More Total U.S. Government agencies SBA Loan Pools Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate Bonds Total temporarily impaired securities $ 6,959 $ 3,900 (42) $ (40) 34,086 $ — (5,597) $ — 41,045 $ 3,900 (5,639) (40) 5,653 3,936 613 (47) (43) (137) 15,650 63,821 13,022 (2,746) (10,361) (1,376) 21,303 67,757 13,635 (2,793) (10,404) (1,513) $ 21,061 $ (309) $ 126,579 $ (20,080) $ 147,640 $ (20,389) 28 21 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Description of Securities Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Less than 12 Months December 31, 2022 12 Months or More Total U.S. Government agencies SBA Loan Pools Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate Bonds Total temporarily impaired securities U.S. Government Agencies $ 23,161 $ — (2,087) $ — 9,850 $ — (4,593) $ — 33,011 $ — (6,680) — 6,575 59,990 7,136 (472) (6,029) (363) 11,966 19,403 5,948 (2,744) (8,409) (968) 18,541 79,393 13,084 (3,216) (14,438) (1,331) $ 96,862 $ (8,951) $ 47,167 $ (16,714) $ 144,029 $ (25,665) The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in direct obligations of U.S. government agencies were caused by changes in interest rates. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than amortized cost bases of the investments. Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. SBA Loan Pools The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in SBA loan pools were caused by changes in interest rates. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than amortized cost bases of the investments. Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. Mortgage-backed Securities of U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in mortgage-backed securities of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises were caused by changes in interest rates. The Company expects to recover the amortized cost bases over the term of the securities. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. State and Political Subdivisions The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in securities of state and political subdivisions were caused by changes in interest rates.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments.  Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. 22 29 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Corporate Bonds The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in securities of corporations were caused by changes in interest rates.  The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments.  Because the Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2023. Note 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Classes of loans at December 31, include: Commercial Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 Family Home Equity Consumer Total loans Less Allowance for credit losses Net loans 2023 2022 $ 172,662 $ 162,718 296,176 501,030 326,005 391,429 508,648 51,704 18,987 1,549,207 461,491 44,535 18,255 1,404,433 (17,927) (16,591) $ 1,531,280 $ 1,387,842 Loan balances are net of deferred loan fees and costs of $(901,000) and $(587,000) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans based on portfolio segment and impairment method as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: 2023 Commercial Real Estate Non Owner Occupied Owner Occupied Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family Home Equity Commercial Consumer Total December 31, 2023: Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year Impact of adopting ASC 326 Provision for credit losses Losses charged off Recoveries Balance, end of year $ 30 $ 3,069 $ 5,404 $ 4,831 $ 3,006 $ 193 $ 88 $ 16,591 (2,223) (1,021) (2,017) 4,429 169 (15) $ (678) 1,080 (242) 11 1,695 $ (684) — 1 3,700 $ 2,328 — — 5,142 $ (403) — — 7,032 $ (123) — 3 242 $ 243 (239) 39 116 $ 2,441 (481) 54 17,927 23 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Commercial Real Estate Non Owner Occupied Owner Occupied Commercial 2022 Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family Home Equity Consumer Total $ 2,770 $ 4,661 $ 4,702 $ 2,554 $ 214 $ 64 $ 14,965 466 (173) 6 3,069 $ 742 — 1 5,404 $ 129 — — 4,831 $ 452 — — 3,006 $ (33) — 12 193 $ 164 (186) 46 88 $ 1,920 (359) 65 16,591 24 $ 1,532 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,556 3,045 $ 3,872 $ 4,831 $ 3,006 $ 193 $ 88 $ 15,035 December 31, 2022: Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year Provision charged to expense Losses charged off Recoveries Balance, end of year $ Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ Loans: Ending balance $ 162,718 $ 326,005 $ 391,429 $ 461,491 $ 44,535 $ 18,255 $ 1,404,433 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ Ending balance: collectively 612 $ 7,738 $ 5,235 $ 1,517 $ 190 $ 2 $ 15,294 evaluated for impairment $ 162,106 $ 318,267 $ 386,194 $ 459,974 $ 44,345 $ 18,253 $ 1,389,139 The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial (Non-Real Estate) Commercial loans are based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial Real Estate These loans are viewed as cash flow loans with a significant emphasis on the value of real estate securing the loan. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type within the Company’s market area. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, market area, risk grade criteria, and concentrations. As a general rule, the Company avoids financing single purpose projects unless other underwriting factors are present to help mitigate risk. In addition, management tracks the level of owner- occupied commercial real estate loans versus higher risk non-owner-occupied loans. 24 31 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Residential Real Estate and Consumer With respect to residential loans that are secured by one- to-four family residences and are generally owner occupied, the Company generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and generally requires private mortgage insurance if that maximum is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in one-to-four family residences, and other consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels.  The security value can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties.  Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers. Internal Risk Categories Loan grades are numbered 1 through 8. Grades 1 through 4 are considered pass grades. The grade of 5, or Special Mention, represents loans of lower quality and signs of potential weakness. The grades of 6, or Substandard, and 7, or Doubtful, refer to assets that are classified. The use and application of these grades by the Company will be uniform and shall conform to the Company’s policy. Excellent (1) loans are of superior quality with excellent credit strength and repayment ability proving a nominal credit risk. Good (2) loans are of above average credit strength and repayment ability proving only a minimal credit risk. Satisfactory (3) loans are of reasonable credit strength and repayment ability proving an average credit risk due to one or more underlying weaknesses. Watch (4) borrowers in this grade are still considered acceptable from quality standpoint but have risk factors more substantial than for the typical satisfactory graded loan. Although identified weaknesses are present, performance on loans is acceptable with only moderate delinquency. Special Mention (5) assets have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Ordinarily, special mention credits have characteristics which corrective management action would remedy. Substandard (6) loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful (7) loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss (8) loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. 32 25 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on the Company’s internal rating categories by year of origination as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023: Commercial Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ $ 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total 23,020 $ 104 — — — 23,124 $ 36,629 $ 567 — — — 37,196 $ 15,600 $ 2,218 173 — — 17,991 $ 4,375 $ 210 — — — 4,585 $ 5,801 $ — 2,382 — — 8,183 $ 10,030 $ 1,129 463 — — 11,622 $ 62,787 $ 158,242 9,402 5,018 — — 69,961 $ 172,662 5,174 2,000 — — — $ — $ 27 $ 215 $ — $ — $ — $ 242 Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ $ 20,998 $ 399 50 67,514 $ 403 273 56,025 $ 1,702 — 22,046 $ — 360 32,517 $ — — 78,938 $ 2,593 5,295 6,311 $ 284,349 5,849 5,978 752 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 21,447 $ 68,190 $ 57,727 $ 22,406 $ 32,517 $ 86,826 $ 7,063 $ 296,176 — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial Real Estate Non Owner Occupied Pass $ 78,376 $ 143,712 $ 81,347 $ 50,377 $ 42,262 $ 67,009 $ 7,567 $ 470,650 Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ — — — — — — — — 1,779 — — — 103 — — — 6,134 7,936 — — 7,562 6,866 — — — — — — 15,578 14,802 — — 78,376 $ 143,712 $ 83,126 $ 50,480 $ 56,332 $ 81,437 $ 7,567 $ 501,030 — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Residential Real Estate 1-4 Family Pass $ 76,680 $ 187,524 $ 112,468 $ 43,965 $ 20,430 $ 61,851 $ 3,618 $ 506,536 Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ — — — — 238 90 — — 162 — — — 421 170 — — — 179 — — 103 749 — — — — — — 924 1,188 — — 76,680 $ 187,852 $ 112,630 $ 44,556 $ 20,609 $ 62,703 $ 3,618 $ 508,648 — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 26 33 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) December 31, 2023: 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total Residential Real Estate Home Equity Pass $ 1,196 $ 1,550 $ 224 $ 308 $ 534 $ 1,174 $ 46,169 $ 51,155 Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ 350 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 74 125 — — 424 125 — — 1,546 $ 1,550 $ 224 $ 308 $ 534 $ 1,174 $ 46,368 $ 51,704 — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Consumer Pass $ 2,238 $ 4,191 $ 1,639 $ 318 $ 80 $ 2,278 $ 8,175 $ 18,919 Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Current period gross charge-offs $ $ — — — — 49 9 — — — — — — 10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59 9 — — 2,238 $ 4,249 $ 1,639 $ 328 $ 80 $ 2,278 $ 8,175 $ 18,987 — $ 7 $ — $ — $ — $ 11 $ 221 $ 239 The Company did not have any revolving loans convert to term financing during the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on the Company’s internal rating categories as of December 31, 2022: Commercial Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied Non Owner Occupied 2022 Residential Real Estate Home Equity 1-4 Family Consumer Total Pass Special mention Substandard Doubtful Loss $ 149,411 $ 12,541 766 — — 303,658 $ 15,294 7,053 — — 372,643 $ 6,090 12,696 — — 458,539 $ 1,851 1,101 — — 43,911 $ 487 137 — — 18,163 $ 1,346,325 36,353 21,755 — — 90 2 — — Total $ 162,718 $ 326,005 $ 391,429 $ 461,491 $ 44,535 $ 18,255 $ 1,404,433 The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions on an ongoing basis. No significant changes were made during the past year. 34 27 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2023 and 2022: 2023 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days 90 or More Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Commercial $ — $ 259 $ 474 $ 733 $ 171,929 $ 172,662 Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer 896 125 2,583 25 83 — — 1,044 114 22 — 153 938 120 9 896 278 4,565 259 114 295,280 500,752 296,176 501,030 504,083 51,445 18,873 508,648 51,704 18,987 Total $ 3,712 $ 1,439 $ 1,694 $ 6,845 $ 1,542,362 $ 1,549,207 2022 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days 90 or More Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable 90 or More Days Past Due and Accruing Commercial $ 646 $ — $ 224 $ 870 $ 161,848 $ 162,718 $ Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer — — 2,244 16 29 — — — — 26 — — 305 22 — — — 326,005 391,429 326,005 391,429 2,549 38 55 458,942 44,497 18,200 461,491 44,535 18,255 9 — — 298 2 — Total $ 2,935 $ 26 $ 551 $ 3,512 $ 1,400,921 $ 1,404,433 $ 309 Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, a loan was considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings. 28 35 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The following table presents impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2022: Recorded Balance Unpaid Principal Balance 2022 Specific Allowance Average Balance of Impaired Loans Interest Income Recognized Loans without a specific valuation allowance: Commercial Commercial real estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential real estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer Loans with a specific valuation allowance: Commercial Commercial real estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential real estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer Total: Commercial Commercial real estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential real estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer $ 535 $ 535 $ — $ 535 $ 3,588 5,235 1,517 190 2 77 4,150 — — — — 612 7,738 5,235 1,517 190 2 3,588 5,235 1,517 190 2 77 4,150 — — — — 612 7,738 5,235 1,517 190 2 — — — — — 24 1,532 — — — — 24 1,532 — — — — 3,596 6,260 1,522 197 7 91 4,182 — — — — 626 7,778 6,260 1,522 197 7 17 203 454 68 9 1 6 331 — — — — 23 534 454 68 9 1 Totals $ 15,294 $ 15,294 $ 1,556 $ 16,390 $ 1,089 Loans acquired with deteriorating credit are included with impaired loans. Interest income recognized is not materially different than interest income that would have been recognized on a cash basis. 36 29 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2023: Commercial Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer Real Estate Other $ — $ 1,094 6,931 3,449 1,320 125 — — — — — 9 Total $ 11,825 $ 1,103 The following tables present the Company’s nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022: 2023 Nonaccrual loans without a related ACL Total Nonaccrual Loans Total Loans >90 Days & Accruing Nonaccrual loans with a related ACL $ 143 $ Commercial Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer 331 $ 474 $ 210 — 832 5 — 210 — 922 5 9 — — 90 — 9 Totals $ 242 $ 1,378 $ 1,620 $ — — 153 200 114 4 471 2022 $ 556 Commercial Commercial Real Estate: Owner occupied Non Owner occupied Residential Real Estate: 1-4 family Home equity Consumer Total nonaccrual $ — — 124 19 — 699 30 37 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) From time to time, the Company may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, term extension, other- than-significant payment delay or a combination thereof, among other things. During the year-ended December 31, 2023 there were no modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no new troubled debt restructurings in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring. The Company maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit, commitments to extend future credit, as well as both standby and commercial letters of credit when there is a contractual obligation to extend credit and when this extension of credit is not unconditionally cancellable (i.e. commitment cannot be canceled at any time). The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, which is based on a historical funding study derived from internal information, and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, which are the same loss rates that are used in computing the ACL for loans. The allowance for credit losses for unfunded loan commitments of $1,469,000 at December 31, 2023 is classified on the balance sheet within other liabilities. The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL for unfunded loan commitments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023: Balance, beginning of period Adjustment for adoption of ASC 326 Provision for unfunded commitments Balance, end of period Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 $ $ — 1,310 159 1,469 Note 4: Mortgage Servicing Rights The following table summarizes mortgage servicing rights capitalized and related amortization, along with activity in the related valuation allowance: Loan servicing rights: Carrying amount, beginning of year Mortgage servicing rights capitalized during the year Mortgage servicing rights amortization during the year Net change in valuation allowance $ 3,173 $ 587 (387) — 3,096 460 (524) 141 2023 2022 Carrying amount, end of year $ 3,373 $ 3,173 38 31 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Valuation allowance: Beginning of year Increase (reduction) End of year 2023 2022 $ $ — $ — 141 (141) — $ — The fair value of mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $3,919,000 and $3,919,000. The unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were approximately $373,494,000 and $365,298,000. Note 5: Premises and Equipment Major classifications of premises and equipment, stated at cost, are as follows: Land and improvements Building and improvements Equipment Total Less accumulated depreciation 2023 2022 $ 7,642 $ 30,616 17,403 55,661 (22,012) 7,019 27,578 15,989 50,586 (20,110) Net premises and equipment $ 33,649 $ 30,476 Note 6: Goodwill Goodwill is recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. During the one-year measurement period, the Company may record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. Goodwill at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $12,389,000. The Company reviews goodwill annually for impairment in accordance with ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles- Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill, or more frequently if events or circumstances warrant. The impairment analysis compares the estimated fair value of the Company with the Company’s net book value and may include various valuation considerations including comparable peer data, precedent transaction comparables, discounted cash flow analysis, overall financial performance, share price of the Company’s common stock and other factors. At December 31, 2023 and 2022 the fair value exceeded the Company’s carrying value; therefore, it was concluded that goodwill was not impaired. 32 39 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 7: Other Intangible Assets Core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. During the one-year measurement period, the Company may record subsequent adjustments to these intangibles for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of recognized core deposit and other intangibles are noted below: Gross carrying amount Purchase Adjustment Accumulated amortization Total core deposit and other intangibles 2023 2022 $ $ 1,570 $ (11) (994) 1,570 (11) (794) 565 $ 765 The core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are being amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of five to ten years. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $200,000 and $225,000 respectively. Estimated future amortization expense is summarized as follows: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Amortization Expense $ $ 174 147 123 91 30 565 Note 8: Lease Arrangements The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for financial centers, business development offices, and information technology equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from 2 years to 13.7 years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to 10 years. In addition, the Company has entered into subleases for space in certain vacated locations, the terms of which range from 2 years to 5 years. The Company’s leases do not include residual value guarantees or covenants. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of less than 12 months (short-term leases) on the balance sheet. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make these lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. 40 33 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the FHLB rate, adjusted for the lease term. All of the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities totaling $3,927,000 at December 31, 2023 and $4,251,000 at December 31, 2022 are classified as operating leases. Lease Expense The components of total lease cost were as follows for the period ending: December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Operating lease cost Operating lease cost below capitalization threshold Short-term lease cost Variable lease cost Less: Sublease income $ 674 $ 12 1 1 (150) Total lease cost, net $ 538 $ 516 7 43 1 (110) 457 Lease Obligations Future undiscounted lease payments for finance and operating leases with initial terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2023 are as follows: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total undiscounted lease payments Less: imputed interest Net lease liabilities Supplemental Lease Information Operating Leases $ $ $ 514 527 485 492 410 2,356 4,784 (857) 3,927 Operating lease weighted average remaining lease term (years) Operating lease weighted average discount rate Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating cash flows from operating leases December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 10.0 3.87 % 10.8 3.79 % $ 674 $ 516 34 41 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 9: Interest-bearing Time Deposits Interest-bearing time deposits in denominations of $250,000 or more were $79,554,000 on December 31, 2023 and $108,587,000 on December 31, 2022. The Company had brokered interest-bearing time deposits of $102,278,000 and $15,000,000 on December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows: advance, with a prepayment penalty for fixed rate advances. The advances were collateralized by approximately $602,737,000 of residential mortgage assets under a blanket lien arrangement at year-end 2023. Based on this collateral the Company has additional borrowing capacity of $206,604,000 at December 31, 2023. Payments over the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 $ 287,576 132,501 5,911 5,277 12,507 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter $ 31,000 — — — — — Total time deposits $ 443,772 Total FHLB Advances $ 31,000 Note 10: Repurchase Agreements The Company had repurchase agreements on December 31, 2023 and 2022 of $4,583,000 and $5,213,000 respectively. These agreements are secured by U. S. Government Agency, FHLB, FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA securities and such collateral is held in safekeeping with a third party. The maximum amount of outstanding agreements at any month end during 2023 and 2022 totaled $6,346,000 and $9,621,000, respectively, and the daily average of such agreements totaled $4,421,000 and $7,388,000 for 2023 and 2022, respectively. These agreements mature daily. The following table represents the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements disaggregated by the class of securities pledged as of December 31: December 31, 2023: U.S. government agencies Totals Note 11: Borrowings 2023 Overnight & Continuous $ $ 4,583 4,583 The Bank has Federal Funds Borrowing Line Agreements with PCBB, US Bank, and PNC Bank that allow the Company to borrow up to $35,000,000, $20,000,000 and $5,000,000 in Federal Funds, respectively. The Company has a Stock Secured Line Agreement with United Banker’s Bank that allows the Company to borrow up to $10,000,000. The Bank has a cash management advance (CMA) line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Cincinnati. FHLB borrowings are collateralized by all shares of FHLB stock owned by the Bank and by the Bank’s residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2023, the Bank had $206,604,000 available on its CMA line of credit. The Bank has the option of selecting a variable interest rate set daily for 90 days or a fixed interest rate for a maximum of thirty days. Variable interest rates are set daily based upon the FHLB’s published interest rates. Variable interest rate advances are prepayable with no fee. The fixed rate is not prepayable prior to maturity. At December 31, 2023, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank were $31,000,000 at a variable rate of 5.47% maturing by March 28, 2024. Each advance is payable either at its maturity date or amortizing over the life of the On May 15, 2020, the Company completed a private issuance and sale, of subordinated notes at a 5.00% fixed to floating rate, to 21 accredited investors for an aggregate gross amount of $25,000,000 proceeds, net of related issuance costs of $415,000. The notes are fixed at 5.00% until June 15, 2025, when they will convert to the three- month term SOFR plus 490.0 basis points, repricing quarterly. Interest is payable in March and September of each year. The Subordinated notes will mature on May 15, 2030, and the Company cannot redeem the notes prior to May 15, 2025, subject to approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as required by law or regulation. This private placement included $5,360,000 of notes that were issued in exchange for the Company’s existing subordinated notes, issued on November 12, 2015, for net cash proceeds of $19,225,000. In 2023, the Company paid off $700,000 of subordinated notes. Note 12: Income Taxes The provision for income taxes includes these components: A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown below: Taxes currently payable Deferred income taxes Income tax expense Computed at the statutory rate of 21% Increase (decrease) resulting from Tax exempt interest Cash surrender value, net of premiums Other 2023 2022 $ $ 4,409 $ (102) 4,274 (119) 4,307 $ 4,155 2023 2022 $ 5,002 $ 4,668 (692) (102) 99 (702) (74) 263 Actual tax expense $ 4,307 $ 4,155 42 35 36 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) advance, with a prepayment penalty for fixed rate advances. The advances were collateralized by approximately $602,737,000 of residential mortgage assets under a blanket lien arrangement at year-end 2023. Based on this collateral the Company has additional borrowing capacity of $206,604,000 at December 31, 2023. Payments over the next five years and thereafter are as follows: 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Thereafter Total FHLB Advances $ $ 31,000 — — — — — 31,000 On May 15, 2020, the Company completed a private issuance and sale, of subordinated notes at a 5.00% fixed to floating rate, to 21 accredited investors for an aggregate gross amount of $25,000,000 proceeds, net of related issuance costs of $415,000. The notes are fixed at 5.00% until June 15, 2025, when they will convert to the three- month term SOFR plus 490.0 basis points, repricing quarterly. Interest is payable in March and September of each year. The Subordinated notes will mature on May 15, 2030, and the Company cannot redeem the notes prior to May 15, 2025, subject to approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as required by law or regulation. This private placement included $5,360,000 of notes that were issued in exchange for the Company’s existing subordinated notes, issued on November 12, 2015, for net cash proceeds of $19,225,000. In 2023, the Company paid off $700,000 of subordinated notes. Note 12: Income Taxes The provision for income taxes includes these components: Taxes currently payable Deferred income taxes Income tax expense 2023 2022 $ $ 4,409 $ (102) 4,274 (119) 4,307 $ 4,155 A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown below: Computed at the statutory rate of 21% Increase (decrease) resulting from Tax exempt interest Cash surrender value, net of premiums Other 2023 2022 $ 5,002 $ 4,668 (692) (102) 99 (702) (74) 263 Actual tax expense $ 4,307 $ 4,155 36 43 2023 Annual Report Heartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The tax effects of temporary differences related to deferred taxes shown on the balance sheets were: Deferred tax assets Allowance for credit losses Deferred compensation Stock option expense Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities Right of use lease liability Deferred loan fees Unfunded commitment liability Other 2023 2022 $ 3,908 $ 759 166 4,083 855 — 320 74 3,617 719 166 5,385 927 4 — 91 Total deferred tax assets 10,165 10,909 Deferred tax liabilities Depreciation Purchase accounting adjustments FHLB stock dividends Prepaid expenses Right of use lease asset Other Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax asset Note 13: Regulatory Matters (1,483) (538) (94) (12) (855) (735) (1,283) (385) (94) (12) (927) (692) (3,717) (3,393) $ 6,448 $ 7,516 The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting guidelines. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Furthermore, the Company’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in these financial statements. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier I capital (as defined) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined) to total risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier I capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes, as of December 31, 2023, that the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. As of December 31, 2023, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve categorized the Company and Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well- capitalized, the Company and Bank must maintain capital ratios as set forth in the table that follows. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Company or Bank’s category. 44 37 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The Company’s and Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table: Actual For Capital Adequacy Purposes To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio As of December 31, 2023 Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) Consolidated Bank As of December 31, 2022 Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Common Equity Tier I Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) Consolidated Bank Tier I Capital (to Average Assets) Consolidated Bank $ 209,075 198,869 13.5 % 12.8 % N/A 124,295 N/A 8.0 % $ N/A 155,369 N/A 10.0 % 164,929 179,473 10.6 % 11.6 % N/A 93,221 N/A 6.0 % N/A 124,295 164,929 179,473 10.6 % 11.6 % N/A 69,916 N/A 4.5 % N/A 100,990 164,929 179,473 9.0 % 9.8 % N/A 73,573 N/A 4.0 % N/A 91,967 N/A 8.0 % N/A 6.5 % N/A 5.0 % $ 192,353 182,486 13.5 % 12.8 % N/A 114,172 N/A 8.0 % $ N/A 142,715 N/A 10.0 % 151,012 165,895 10.6 % 11.6 % N/A 85,629 N/A 6.0 % N/A 114,172 151,012 165,895 10.6 % 11.6 % N/A 64,222 151,012 165,895 9.4 % 10.3 % N/A 64,318 N/A 4.5 % N/A 4.0 % N/A 92,765 N/A 80,398 N/A 8.0 % N/A 6.5 % N/A 5.0 % The Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may declare without prior regulatory approval. Generally, the Bank’s payment of dividends is limited to net income for the current year plus the two preceding calendar years, less capital distributions paid over the comparable time period. The above minimum capital requirements exclude the 2.50% capital conservation buffer required to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. 38 45 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 14: Related Party Transactions At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank had loans outstanding and lines of credit available to executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates (related parties), in the amount of approximately $22,736,000 and $24,074,000, respectively. In management’s opinion, such loans and other extensions of credit and deposits were made in the ordinary course of business and were made on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons. Further, in management’s opinion, these loans did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Deposits from related parties held by the Bank at December 31, 2023 and 2022, totaled $23,067,000 and $32,528,000, respectively. Note 15: Employee Benefits The Company has a retirement savings 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Employees may contribute up to the maximum amount allowable by the Internal Revenue Service with the Company matching 100% of the first 2% of employee compensation contributed, and 50% matching of the next 4%, for a maximum match of 4% of employee compensation. In addition, the Company may make additional discretionary contributions allocated to all eligible participants based on compensation. Employee contributions are always 100% vested. Employer contributions vest annually until the employee becomes fully vested after four years of participation in the plan. Employer contributions charged to expense for 2023 and 2022, were approximately $770,000 and $796,000, respectively. The Company has supplemental retirement plans for certain former and current Senior Officers. Officers in the plans, upon retirement, will receive annually for ten or fifteen years a percentage of their final annual payroll amount exclusive of incentive and bonus amounts and may be partially offset by 401(k) or 401(k) and social security retirement benefits. The plans are uniquely designed for each participant. The charges to expense for 2023 and 2022 were $502,000 and $504,000, respectively. Such charges reflect the straight-line accrual over the period until full eligibility of the present value of benefits due each participant on the full eligibility date. For plans executed before 2016, a 6% discount factor is used. For plans executed after January 1, 2016, the accumulation period crediting rate was 43% of the prior year Return on Equity of the Company for 2023 and 2022; and the distribution period crediting rate is equal to the 10-Year U.S. Treasury note on the first day of each year plus 1%. The resulting liability at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $3,483,000 and $3,300,000, respectively. The Company purchased life insurance on the participants. The Bank has employment agreements with certain officers of the Bank. Under these agreements, the officers are employed for rolling one to three-year periods. Unless the Bank serves a termination notice to the officers before December 31 of each year, the agreements are automatically extended for one additional year. The Bank’s Board of Directors approve the officers’ base salaries annually. The agreements prohibit the officers from soliciting banking business from customers of the Bank for a period of one to three years following the termination of the employment agreements. Note 16: Stock Option Plan The Company has a fixed option plan under which the Company may grant options to selected directors, Advisory Board Members and employees for up to 249,738 shares of common stock that vest over two years or immediately if the recipient is 65 years old or older. The Company believes that such awards align the interests of its employees with those of its shareholders. The exercise price of each option is intended to equal the fair value of the Company's stock on the date of grant. An option's maximum term is ten years. The compensation cost for the stock option expense recognized in 2023 and 2022 totaled $478,000 and $515,000, respectively. As 46 39 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) of December 31, 2023, there was $654,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plan. A summary of the status of the plan at December 31, 2023 and changes during the year then ended is presented below: 2023 Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Instrinsic Value Shares Outstanding, beginning of year Granted Exercised Forfeited or expired 195,350 $ 63,840 (6,150) (14,650) 81.67 83.36 56.94 77.23 Outstanding, end of year 238,390 $ 83.04 6.45 $ 1,544 Exercisable, end of year 175,450 $ 82.92 5.37 $ 1,250 The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2023 was $13.83. There were no options granted in 2022. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $190,000 and $195,000, respectively. The fair value of each option award granted is estimated on the date of the grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors. The Company uses the simplified method to estimate option exercise and employee termination within the valuation model due to lack of historical data. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Dividend yield Volatility factors of expected market price of common stock Risk-free interest rate Expected life (in years) Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the year 2023 2022 3.66% 20.39% 3.85% 7.0 $13.83 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 40 47 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 17: Earnings Per Share Earnings per share (EPS) were computed as follows: Basic Net Income Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per common share Diluted Net income Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share Dilutive effects of assumed exercise of stock options Average shares and dilutive potential common shares $ $ $ 2023 2022 19,516 $ 18,071 2,013,381 2,007,574 9.69 $ 9.00 19,516 $ 18,071 2,013,381 15,750 2,029,131 2,007,574 22,208 2,029,782 Diluted earnings per common share $ 9.62 $ 8.90 Options to purchase 144,940 and 88,150 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $88.54 and $92.50 per share were outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the options’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares. Note 18: Disclosures about Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities 48 41 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Recurring Measurements The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2023 and 2022: Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value December 31, 2023: U.S. government agencies $ 49,525 $ — $ 49,525 $ SBA Loan Pools Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate Bonds December 31, 2022: U.S. government agencies Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government sponsored enterprises State and political subdivisions Corporate Bonds 12,621 40,647 94,702 13,635 — — — — 12,621 40,647 94,702 13,635 $ 33,011 $ — $ 33,011 $ 18,628 87,019 13,834 — — — 18,628 87,019 13,834 — — — — — — — — — Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the year-ended December 31, 2023. Available-for-Sale Securities Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatility, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Level 2 securities include U.S. government agencies, Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government sponsored enterprises, State and political subdivisions and corporate bonds. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. 42 49 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Nonrecurring Measurements The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2023 and 2022: Fair Value Measurements Using Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value December 31, 2023: Collateral-dependent loans December 31, 2022: Collateral-dependent impaired loans Mortgage servicing rights $ $ 3,054 $ — $ — $ 3,054 2,404 $ 3,919 — $ — — $ — 2,404 3,919 Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below. Collateral-Dependent Loans, Net of ACL The estimated fair value of collateral-dependent loans is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. Appraisals of the collateral underlying collateral-dependent loans are obtained when the loan is determined to be collateral-dependent and subsequently as deemed necessary by management. Appraisals are reviewed for accuracy and consistency. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral. These discounts and estimates are developed by comparison to historical results. Mortgage Servicing Rights MSRs do not trade in an active market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, the fair value of these assets is classified as Level 3. The Company determines the fair value of MSRs using an income approach model based upon the Company’s month–end interest rate curve and prepayment assumptions. The model utilizes assumptions to estimate future net servicing income cash flows, including estimates of time decay, payoffs and changes in valuation inputs and assumptions. The Company reviews the valuation assumptions against this market data for reasonableness and adjusts the assumptions if deemed appropriate. The carrying amount of the MSRs were not increased in 2023 for the fair value. 50 43 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2023 and 2022: Fair Value at 12/31/2023 Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs (Weighted Average) Collateral-dependent loans $ 3,054 Market comparable properties Marketability discounts 20-20% (20%) Fair Value at 12/31/2022 Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Range (Weighted Average) Collateral-dependent impaired loans $ Market comparable properties Marketability discounts 2,404 20-20% (20%) Mortgage servicing rights 3,919 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 9.5-9.5% (9.5%) Constant prepayment rate 3-15% (9%) Sensitivity of Significant Unobservable Inputs The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement. Collateral-Dependent loans The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s collateral-dependent loans is the marketability discount. Significant increases in this input in isolation would result in a significantly lower fair value measurement. Mortgage Servicing Rights Mortgage servicing rights do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow models having significant inputs of discount rate, prepayment speed and default rate. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Mortgage servicing rights are tested for impairment on at least an annual basis. The Controller’s office contracts with a pricing specialist to generate fair value estimates. The Controller’s office challenges the reasonableness of the assumptions used and reviews the methodology to ensure the estimated fair value is appropriate. 44 51 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Fair Value of Financial Instruments The following table presents estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2023 and 2022: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Carrying Amount Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ 36,682 $ 1,145 1,531,280 6,866 8,101 36,682 $ — — — — — $ — — 6,866 8,101 — 1,145 1,429,455 — — 1,642,601 4,583 31,000 24,034 1,306 — — — — — 1,641,770 4,583 31,000 19,755 1,306 — — — — — 22,883 $ 5 1,345 1,387,842 6,627 6,111 22,883 $ — — — — — — $ 5 — — 6,627 6,111 — — 1,345 1,332,624 — — 1,456,570 5,213 16,000 24,693 927 — — — — — 1,449,548 5,213 16,000 19,504 927 — — — — — December 31, 2023 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Loans held for sale Loans, net of allowance for credit losses Nonmarketable equity securities Interest receivable Financial liabilities Deposits Repurchase agreements Other borrowed funds Subordinated debt Interest payable December 31, 2022 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Held-to-maturity securities Loans held for sale Loans, net of allowance for credit losses Nonmarketable equity securities Interest receivable Financial liabilities Deposits Repurchase agreements Other borrowed funds Subordinated debt Interest payable Note 19: Commitments and Credit Risk Letters of Credit Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. 52 45 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Bank had total outstanding letters of credit amounting to $540,000 and $203,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, with maturities within the next 12 months. Lines of Credit Lines of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates. Since a portion of the line may expire without being drawn upon, the total unused lines do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. Management uses the same credit policies in granting lines of credit as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. At December 31, 2023, the Bank had granted unused lines of credit to borrowers aggregating approximately $144,954,000 and $80,438,000 for commercial lines and open-end consumer lines, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Bank had granted unused lines of credit to borrowers aggregating approximately $136,805,000 and $71,861,000 for commercial lines and open-end consumer lines, respectively. Commitments to Originate Loans Commitments to originate loans are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate. At December 31, 2023, and 2022, the Bank had outstanding commitments to originate variable rate loans aggregating approximately $50,409,000 and $14,178,000, respectively. The commitments extended over varying periods of time with the majority being disbursed within a one-year period. 46 53 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Note 20: Condensed Financial Information (Parent Company Only) Presented below is condensed financial information as to the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company: Condensed Balance Sheets Assets Cash and cash equivalents Investment in common stock of subsidiaries Other assets Total assets Liabilities Subordinated debt Other liabilities Total liabilities Shareholders' Equity December 31, 2023 2022 $ 9,757 $ 177,584 1,110 10,227 159,243 884 $ 188,451 $ 170,354 24,034 1,885 24,693 1,753 25,919 26,446 162,532 143,908 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 188,451 $ 170,354 54 47 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Condensed Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Income Dividends from the Bank Interest income Other income Total income Expenses Interest expense Other expenses Total expenses Income Before Income Tax and Equity in Undistributed Income of the Bank Income Tax Benefit Year Ending December 31, 2023 2022 $ 7,366 $ 35 21 6,791 21 22 7,422 6,834 1,270 480 1,294 390 1,750 1,684 5,672 5,150 (383) (375) Income Before Equity in Undistributed Income of the Bank 6,055 5,525 Equity in Undistributed Income of subsidiaries Net Income Comprehensive Income/(Loss) 13,461 12,546 19,516 $ 18,071 24,514 $ (4,473) $ $ 48 55 2023 Annual ReportHeartland BancCorp Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2023 and 2022 (Table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data) Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Operating Activities Net income Stock option expense Tax benefit related to stock options exercised Items not providing cash Net cash provided by operating activities Investing Activities Investment in venture capital fund Net cash used in investing activities Financing Activities Repayment of subordinated debt Dividends paid Proceeds from stock options exercised Net cash used in financing activities Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year Year Ending December 31, 2023 2022 $ 19,516 $ 478 28 (13,890) 18,071 515 30 (12,863) 6,132 5,753 (174) (174) (700) (5,976) 248 (6,428) (470) 10,227 (110) (110) — (5,414) 252 (5,162) 481 9,746 Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year $ 9,757 $ 10,227 Note 21: Subsequent Events Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 7, 2024 which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued. 56 49 2023 Annual ReportTHE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Heartland BancCorp Directors Thomas L. Campbell Retired, Partner Fusion Alliance, LLC Jay B. Eggspuehler, Esq. Jodi L. Garrison James R. Heimerl Jon A. Husted John G. Kenkel, Jr. Cheryl L. Krueger G. Scott McComb Robert C. Overs Gary D. Paine Of Counsel CPA, Partner Owner Lieutenant Governor Isaac, Wiles & Burkholder, LLC Hirth, Norris & Garrsion, LLP Heimerl Farms Ltd. State of Ohio Retired, President & CEO Victory Community Bank & Victory Bancorp President & CEO C. Krueger’s Chairman, President & CEO Heartland Bank Retired, CEO/Executive Director Creative Living President & CEO Accurate Companies William J. Schottenstein Principal Arshot Investment Corporation Ronnie R. Stokes Gregory M. Ubert President & CEO Three Leaf Productions Founder, President & CEO Crimson Cup Coffee & Tea Heartland BancCorp Directors Emeriti Heartland BancCorp Officers I. Robert Amerine American Apex Corporation G. Scott McComb Chairman, President & CEO Arthur G.H. Bing, M.D. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon Jay B. Eggspuehler, Esq. Vice Chairman & Lead Director William A. Dodson Jr. Rhema Christian Center Jennifer L. Eckert Jack J. Eggspuehler Aerosafe, Inc. Carrie L. Almendinger Secretary Treasurer John R. Haines Gerald K. McClain Tiney M. McComb Cheryl C. Poulton Richard A. Vincent John R. Haines Insurance Agency The Jerry McClain Company, Inc. Heartland BancCorp Tech International Osteopathic Heritage Foundation 57 2023 Annual ReportSENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM G. Scott McComb Chairman, President & CEO Carrie L. Almendinger EVP, Chief Financial Officer Benjamin J. Babcanec EVP, Chief Operating Officer Ryan P. Arras SVP, Finance Manager Alyssa L. Booms SVP, Director of Branch Banking Matthew H. Booms SVP, Director of Mortgage Banking Jeff S. Ciochetto SVP, Chief Credit Officer James W. Duckro SVP, Operations Manager Jennifer L. Eckert SVP, Chief Risk Officer & Corporate Secretary Sarah M. Ketty SVP, Director of People Portfolio Nancy M. Matney SVP, Director of Treasury Management & Client Services Jessica H. McNamee SVP, Director of Financial Planning Laurie A. Pfeiffer SVP, Director of Commercial Banking Tarne Tassniyom SVP, Chief Information Officer Ashley A. Trout SVP, Director of Strategy Aaron A. Cooke VP, Controller Ruth Floyd General Manager, TransCounty Title Agency 58 2023 Annual Report(614) 337-4600 430 N. Hamilton Road, Whitehall, OH 43213 IR.Heartland.Bank 🕿 🏠  About Heartland BancCorp Heartland BancCorp is a registered Ohio bank holding company and the parent of Heartland Bank, which operates 20 full-service banking offices and TransCounty Title Agency, LLC. Heartland Bank, founded in 1911, provides full-service commercial, small business, and consumer banking services; professional financial planning services; and other financial products and services. Heartland Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve, a member of the FDIC, and an Equal Housing Lender. Heartland BancCorp is currently quoted on the OTC Markets (OTCQX) under the symbol HLAN. Learn more about Heartland Bank at Heartland.Bank. In June of 2023, Heartland was ranked #119 on the American Banker Magazine’s list of Top 200 Publicly Traded Community Banks and Thrifts based on three-year average return on equity as of December 31, 2022. This Annual Report contains statements about future events that constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by reference to a future period or periods or by the use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “will,” “should,” “plan,” and other similar terms or expressions. Forward-looking statements should not be relied on because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause the actual results, performance, and achievements of the Company to be materially different from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, changes in interest rates, regulatory considerations, liquidity pressures, loan demands, competition, and legal and compliance considerations. Any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report are made as of the date hereof, and we undertake no duty, and specifically disclaim any duty, to update or revise any such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. Community is the of Heartland ♥ Heartland Volunteers in Action HOURS 4582 devoted to the communities served in 2023! 

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