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Horizonte Minerals Plc

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FY2018 Annual Report · Horizonte Minerals Plc
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Annual Report 2018

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Horizonte Minerals 
is an AIM and TSX listed 
nickel development company 
focused in Brazil.

Company Overview
01    2018 Highlights
02    Horizonte Minerals at a Glance
03    Araguaia Project Overview
04    Vermelho Project Overview
         Our Year in Review
05    Chairman’s Statement

Business Review
06    Operations Review 
     – Araguaia Nickel Project
20    Strategic Report
23    Financial Review

Corporate Governance
24    Board of Directors 
         and Key Management
26    Directors’ Report
29    Statement of Directors’ 
         Responsibilities
30    Corporate Governance Report

Financial Statements
32    Independent Auditor’s Report
37    Consolidated Statement                   
         of Comprehensive Income
38    Consolidated Statement 
         of Financial Position
39    Company Statement 
         of Financial Position
40    Statement of Changes in Equity
41    Consolidated Statement 
         of Cash Flows
42    Company Statement of Cash Flows
43    Notes to the Financial Statements
69    Statutory Information

 
2018 Highlights

1

Horizonte  Minerals  plc  (the  “Company“  or  “Horizonte”)  achieved  a  number  of  key  milestones 
during 2018 culminating in the delivery of a Feasibility Study (“FS”) for the Araguaia Nickel Project. 
This  achievement  places  the  Company  in  a  strong  position  to  capitalise  on  the  forecasted  upward 
pressure on the nickel price and the positive sentiment towards development stage nickel projects. 

The FS results published in October 2018 confirmed Araguaia as a Tier 1 project with a large high-
grade scalable resource, a long mine life and a low-cost source of ferronickel.  The Base Case delivered 
a  post-tax  net  present  value  (“NPV8”)  of  US$401  million  and  indicates  over  US$1.6  billion  of  free 
cash flow over the 25-year life of mine.  The study also includes the option for future construction 
of a second process line which would double Araguaia's production capacity and further enhancing 
economics. Including the Stage 2 Expansion increases the post-tax net present value to US$741 million 
and the free cash flow projections increases to US$2.6 billion. The output of the FS also substantiates 
the Company's primary objective of positioning Araguaia as one of the lowest cost, highest grade new 
nickel developments globally. 

As  part  of  the  build  up  towards  the  completion  of  the  FS,  in  April  2018,  Horizonte  Minerals  was 
granted the definitive Water Permit for industrial water consumption at the planned Araguaia RKEF 
Process Facility by the Brazilian Pará State Environmental Agency (“SEMAS“). This licence was another 
important step as the Company works to make Araguaia construction-ready. 

Since  the  year  ended,  31  December  2018,  the  Company  achieved  another  important  milestone 
when it was awarded the Construction Licence, Licença de Instalação (“LI“), by SEMAS. This licence 
enables the construction of the RKEF plant and associated infrastructure for the Araguaia project, a 
significant event for the Group as combined with the success of the FS places Araguaia as one of the 
few construction-ready ferronickel projects globally.

SUMMARY of 2018 Achievements

Water Permit approved for Araguaia

Araguaia Nickel Project Feasibility Study Results

Filing the NI 43-101 Technical Report for the FS on SEDAR

Construction Licence awarded for Araguaia Project

April 2018

October 2018

December 2018

January 2019

2

Horizonte Minerals at a Glance

Horizonte Minerals at a Glance

Horizonte wholly owns the advanced Ara-
guaia  Nickel  Project  (“Araguaia”),  and  the 
Vermelho  Nickel-Cobalt  Project  (“Vermel-
ho”),  located  in  the  south  of  the  Carajàs 
mineral district in northern Brazil.  

The Araguaia project will utilise the proven 
RKEF  process  to  produce  approximately 
50,000  tonnes  of  ferronickel  per  year, 
grading  30%  Nickel.  A  feasibility  study 
for  Araguaia  was  published  in  October 
2018. The study demonstrated the robust 
economics  of  Araguaia  and  places  it  as 
one  of  the  lowest-cost  new  ferronickel 
development projects globally.

located 

ferronickel 

approximately 

The  Vermelho  project  is  a  nickel  cobalt 
project, 
80 
kilometres  north  west  of  the  Company's 
Araguaia  North 
project. 
Vermelho was acquired in 2017 from Vale 
SA  who  completed  a  detailed  feasibility 
study  demonstrating  the  potential  to 
produce over 40,000 tons of nickel per year, 
prior  to  giving  the  go  ahead  to  construct 
in  2005.  A  pre-feasibility  study  will  be 
conducted by the Company which seeks to 
demonstrate the economics of developing 
Vermelho  on  a  smaller  scale  than  Vale’s 
original  design  and  will  also  reflect  recent 
cost data and technology. This PFS will be 
completed in 2019. 

These  two  Tier-1  projects  located  north 
and  south  of  the  Araguaia  district  create 
a  large,  high-grade  flexible  resource  base 
with  the  combined  potential  to  produce 
50,000 to 60,000 tonnes of nickel per year. 

 
Araguaia Nickel Project Overview 

Araguaia Project Overview

3

Araguaia is an advanced nickel 
project being developed by the 
Company as Brazil's next major 
ferronickel operation. 
 > 100% owned by 

Horizonte Minerals plc 

 > Located south of the Carajás Mining 
district in Northern Brazil, with good 
access to infrastructure 

 > The base case of the Feasibility 
Study published in October 
2018 assumes a Nickel price 
of US$14,000/t, and has the 
following highlights;

Financial:
 > Highly Cash Generative – 

Around US$1.6B net cash flow

 > NPV of US$401M 
 > Payback of 4.2 years
 > IRR of 20.1%
 > Low Capital Intensity – 

US$443M Capital Cost equates 
to US$31,000 /t Ni pa
 > C1 Cost of US$8,193/t Ni

Mining:  
Shallow open pit mining will be used 
for the exploitation of the nickel rich 
saprolite horizon.  Ore will be sourced 
from 8 open pits, 3 - 5 being open 
at any given time, with a targeted 
0.9mt per annum of ore to a central 
processing and smelting facility.  A 28 
year production schedule is envisaged 
with a 2 - 3 year construction period 
followed by ramp up over 13 months 
to full scale commercial production. 

Process: 
The selected metallurgical process 
is the widely used and proven RKEF.  
A successful pilot campaign produced 
high grade commercial quality 
ferronickel from the bulk samples 
deemed representative of the 
Araguaia ore.  

Location of Pequizeiro deposit

4

Vermelho Project Overview

Vermelho Nickel Cobalt Project Overview

Vermelho 1  & Vermelho 2 ore bodies

Acquired from Vale SA in early 2018, Vermelho is a Tier-1 asset in terms of size and grade, sitting on the upper end of the 
global grade curve. Drilling programmes totalling 152,000 metres and detailed engineering studies have been completed 
on the project by Vale and this high quality advanced work provides Horizonte a fast-track pathway to undertake technical 
evaluation and studies in order to potentially produce Class1 nickel and cobalt.  

Horizonte is currently undertaking a programme of test work to produce battery grade nickel and cobalt product together 
with traditional ferronickel with the results incorporated into a 43-101 pre-feasibility study. The ferronickel results recently 
confirmed that it is possible to produce high grade, commercial specification ferronickel from the saprolite and transition 
ore at Vermelho. 

In addition, work will advance on the environmental and social permitting of Vermelho in 2019. The close proximity of the 
Vermelho and Araguaia projects have allowed the Company to consolidate a major district in Brazil’s Pará state, growing its 
nickel resources by over 600% in just six years, resulting in two Tier-1, scalable, high-grade nickel deposits. 

Our Year in Review
April 2018
Water licence awarded for Araguaia 

May 2018
Vermelho Mineral Resources update

October 2018
Araguaia Feasibility Study results announced

October 2018
Appointment of Endeavour Financial as the Project Finance Advisor

June 2018
Appointment of Numis as the Company’s nominated adviser 

December 2018
Filing of Araguaia 43-101 on SEDAR

October 2018
Vermelho Operational update

December 2018
Construction Licence for Araguaia awarded by SEMAS, gazetted 
in January 2019

Chairman’s Statement

5

Vermelho 
In 
January  2018,  we  completed  the 
acquisition of the nearby Vermelho nickel-
cobalt project from Vale, which represents 
a significant development for the Company. 
This acquisition has transformed Horizonte 
into  a  multi-asset  company  bringing 
together 
large,  advanced  nickel 
deposits located in the established mining 
region in the Pará State in northern Brazil.

two 

The  combined  resources  of  Araguaia  and 
Vermelho positions the Company with one 
of the largest undeveloped nickel resource 
bases in the world.

A  full  Feasibility  Study  on  Vermelho 
had  been  completed  by  Vale  and  it  was 
scheduled  for  construction  in  2006.  The 
project  appealed  to  Horizonte  because,  
as  well  as  a  large  nickel  resource  it  also 
contains  a  large  cobalt  resource  which 
Vale  planned  to  process  alongside  the 
nickel.  The  Company  is  in  the  process  of 
undertaking  a  Pre-Feasibility  Study  for 
processing  both  the  nickel  and  cobalt 
which  is  due  to  be  released  later  in  2019. 
This  acquisition  gives  Horizonte  exposure 
to  the  additional  commodity  stream  of 
cobalt, for which there is growing interest 
for use in the EV battery market.

Conclusion
We  believe  that  Horizonte  is  currently 
uniquely  placed  to  benefit  from  the 
improving  nickel  market  fundamentals, 
driven  by  the  robust  market  for  stainless 
steel  combined  with  the  fast  growing 
EV  market.  The  multi-asset  approach 
covering both sections of the nickel market 
along  with  the  cobalt  market  means  that 
the  potential  revenue  streams  are  more 
diversified  and  de-risked  compared  to  a 
single asset company. 

On  behalf  of  the  Board,  I  would  like  to 
thank  the  entire  Horizonte  team  for  their 
contributions to a successful 2018. I would 
like  to  say  thank  you  to  the  shareholders 
for  your  continued  support  in  what  has 
been  a  difficult  year  for  the  market.  We 
now  look  forward  to  updating  the  market 
on  positive  developments  as  we  prepare 
Araguaia  for  construction  and  complete 
the  PFS  on  Vermelho  that  should  see 
significant success during 2019.

David J Hall
Chairman
28 March 2019

Chairman’s Statement David J Hall

it  a  driving  force  behind  the  widely  held 
views  from  industry  professionals  that 
Nickel  prices  are  anticipated  to  rise.  The 
current consensus short term forecast for 
the  Nickel  price  stands  at  $16,500/t  Ni 
compared  with  a  price  of  US$13,000/t  at 
the date of this report. 

Horizonte,  with  the  construction  ready 
Araguaia ferronickel project and Vermelho’s 
potential  to  produce  nickel  sulphate  and 
cobalt, 
is  uniquely  positioned  to  take 
advantage of the current demand forecast. 
Araguaia is well positioned as one of only 
a  few  construction  ready  ferro  nickel 
projects  in  the  world.  With  the  average 
time  to  get  from  initial  discovery  to  first 
production  estimated  at  approximately 
8  to  10  years  for  most  mining  projects, 
Horizonte  through  Araguaia  represents 
a  unique  opportunity  to  capitalise  on  the 
fundamentals  of  the  nickel  market  as 
highlighted above. 

Company 

has  made 

Araguaia
significant 
The 
advances  and  has  delivered  a  number  of 
key  milestones  during  2018  as  we  work 
towards developing the Araguaia ferronickel 
project  and  move  towards  becoming  a 
nickel  producer.  The  major  milestone  was 
the release of the FS demonstrating robust 
economics  on  the  single  line  RKEF  process 
plant. The FS has also been designed to allow 
for a second production line. In December last 
year we filed the NI 43-101 technical report 
for  Araguaia  including  the  FS  results  and 
the potential upside which could be realised 
from doubling production by adding a second 
line. At 29,000/t per annum production of 
nickel, the expanded project would become 
globally significant production unit.

in 

If  one  applies  the  FS  base  case  nickel  price 
of  US$14,000/t,  the  Stage-2  expansion 
the 
demonstrates  a  step-change 
economics  of  Araguaia: 
increasing  cash 
flows  after  taxation  from  US$1.6  billion  to 
US$2.6 billion; and NPV from US$401 million 
up to US$741 million. The economics at this 
nickel  price  are  outstanding.  The  expansion 
would  require  no  additional  upfront  capital 
as the second line would be funded through 
reinvestment  of  free  cash  flows  generated 
from the existing operation.

Most 
importantly,  post  the  year  end,  we 
announced the granting of the Construction 
Licence  (“LI”)  which  provides  Horizonte 
with  the  permits  required  to  construct 
the  Araguaia  RKEF  processing  plant  and 
associated  infrastructure.  The  LI  approval 
represents  a  major  de-risking  step  for 
Araguaia,  which  is  now  fully  permitted 
to  commence  construction,  subject  to 
financing. This is something the Company 
will  prioritise  in  2019,  as  well  as  working 
out  how  to  optimise  the  structure  for 
maximum shareholder value.

Dear Shareholders 

It  is  with  pride  that  I  share  with  you  the 
notable achievements made by Horizonte 
throughout 2018. 2018 was the year that 
set the Company on the pathway for growth. 
The  Company  has  taken  the  100%  owned 
initial  discovery, 
Araguaia  Project  from 
through to a NI 43-101 compliant Feasibility 
Study (“FS”), with a Construction Licence.

Nickel  like  most  metals  experienced  a  lull 
both  in  price  and  market  interest  in  the 
back  end  of  2018.  However,  Horizonte 
is  well  placed  to  benefit  from  the  widely 
anticipated upwards trend in nickel demand 
from  both  the  traditional  stainless-steel 
markets as well as the new demand from 
Electric Vehicles (EVs). 

The agreement to purchase Vermelho from 
Vale SA completed in early 2018 will allow 
the  Company  to  take  advantage  of  the 
EV  market  by  potentially  supplying  nickel 
sulphate and cobalt, key battery ingredients 
into the industry at a time when they are 
expected to be most in demand.

Araguaia  which  as  at  the  date  of  this 
report  is  construction  ready,  subject  to 
financing, will target the more established 
stainless-steel  market  by  the  production 
of ferronickel.   

Having  fallen  from  470,000  tonnes  to 
approximately  200,000  tonnes  at  present, 
nickel inventories on the LME have continued 
to  drop  and  are  now  at  their  lowest  level 
in  five  years.  Significant  new  supply  is 
required  for  the  stainless-steel  market 
which  is  growing  at  around  5%  annually, 
with 
further  additional  new  demand 
driven from the EV battery sector.  Whilst 
the  physical  number  of  EVs  on  the  roads 
throughout  the  world  remains  relatively 
low  at  3  million  cars  today,  forecasts  for 
the acceleration of adoptions of EV's vary 
from 20 to 40 million cars on the road by 
2030,  representing  an  estimated  10-fold 
increase.  At  present  it  is  difficult  to  see 
where significant new supply to meet this 
demand  is  going  to  materialise  making 

6 Operations Review

Operations Review – Araguaia Nickel Project 
Jeremy Martin

Araguaia Feasibility Study
In October of 2018, we released the Feasibility Study for Araguaia which confirms Araguaia 
as a Tier 1 project with a large high-grade scalable resource, a long mine life and a low-
cost source of ferronickel for the stainless-steel industry. Araguaia’s FS design allows for 
future construction of a second Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (“RKEF“) process line, with 
potential to double Araguaia’s production capacity from 14,500 tpa nickel up to 29,000 
tpa nickel. The compelling economic and technical results from the Study are expected to 
support project financing, offtake agreements and future development milestones which 
along with Araguaia’s rapid timeline to production should position it to take advantage of 
the forecast growth in the nickel market over the short to medium-term.

Highlights of the Study are:
 > The base case FS economics assume a flat nickel price of US$14,000 per tonne (“/t“) 
for the entire 28-year mine life based on Wood Mackenzie’s short-term forecast; 
 > Initial 28-year mine life generates cash flows after taxation of US$1.6 billion with 

sufficient Mineral Resources to extend beyond 28 years;

 > Estimated post-tax Net Present Value1.  (“NPV“) of US$401 million  and Internal Rate of Return (“IRR“) of 20.1%;
 > Upon development the Project is expected to produce an average of 14,500 tonnes of nickel per year  contained within 

approximately 52,000 tonnes ferronickel per annum, utilising the proven RKEF technology currently used at over 
40 mines around the world; 

 > C1 (Brook Hunt) cash cost of US$3.72 per pound (“/lb“) of nickel (US$8,193/t), making Araguaia a low-cost producer;
 > Using the consensus mid-term nickel price of US$16,800/t, the post-tax NPV increases to US$740 million with an IRR of 28.1%, 

reflecting the significant leverage that the Project returns have to any future increase in nickel prices; 

 > Capital cost estimate of US$443 million (AACE class 3), including US$65.3 million of contingencies equating to 

17.2% of total capex budget;

 > The process plant has been designed to allow for a Stage 2 expansion with the addition of a second RKEF process line in the future 

after the first line is fully commissioned, providing flexibility to double the nickel output. 

 > Araguaia is set to deliver significant socio-economic benefits for communities in the Pará state, including over 1,000 direct jobs in 
the construction phase, and around 500 jobs during operation, as well as additional economic and social development programs;

1 NPV calculated using 8% discount rate. 

A key part of the FS Stage 1 Project design was that the RKEF plant and associated infrastructure was designed to accommodate the 
addition of a second RKEF process line (Stage 2 expansion), which is intended to double Araguaia's production capacity from 14,500 t/a 
nickel up to 29,000 t/a nickel. The Project Mineral Resource inventory has the grade and scale to support the increase in plant through-
put from 900 kt/pa (Stage 1) to the Stage 2 rate of 1.8 Mt/a supporting the twin line RKEF flow sheet. The Stage 2 expansion assumes 
operating at Stage 1 production rate of 900 kt/pa for three years, after which free cash flows would be reinvested to expand the plant to 
1.8 Mt/pa by the addition of a second line. In December the Company filed the NI 43-101 Technical Report for Araguaia including the FS 
results and the potential upside which could be realised from doubling production by adding a second line.

Operations Review

7

Highlights of the Stage two expansion are:

 > The Stage 2 expansion, assumed in year 3, supports a 26-year mine life generating cash flows after taxation of US$2.6 billion;
 >  No increase in the initial capital cost which remains at the same level at the FS Stage 1 of US$443 million, the Stage 2 expansion is 

financed through operational cash flow;

 > Estimated post-tax Net Present Value (“NPV“) of US$741 million and Internal Rate of Return (“IRR“) of 23.8% using the base case 

nickel price forecast of US$14,000/t;

 >  Using a nickel price of US$11,000/t generates cash flows after taxation and payback of capital of US$1.0 billion;
 >  Nickel grade of 1.82% for the first 10 years of the Stage 2 operation;
 >  Annual nickel production of approximately 29,000 t/a;
 >  C1 (Brook Hunt) cash cost year 1 to Year 10 of US$3.00 per pound (“/lb“) of nickel (US$6,613/t), making Araguaia a low-cost 

producer. Life of mine C1 cash cost of US$3.51 per pound (“/lb“) of nickel (US$7,737/t); and

 >  Using the consensus mid-term nickel price of US$16,800/t, the post-tax NPV8 for the Stage 2 option increases to US$1,264 million 

with an IRR of 31.8%.

A summary of the Sections of the Study:
Section 1 — Project Summary

The wholly owned Araguaia Project is located in the south-east of the Brazilian state of Pará, approximately 760 km south of the state 
capital Belém.

The Project comprises an open pit nickel laterite mining operation that mines a 27.5 million tonne (“Mt“) Mineral Reserve of a 119 Mt 
Mineral Resource to produce 52,000 tonnes of ferronickel (“FeNi“) (containing 14,500 tonnes of nickel) per year, for the 28-year mine life. 
The metallurgical process comprises a single line RKEF to extract FeNi from the laterite ore. The RKEF plant and project infrastructure 
will be constructed over a 31-month period. After an initial ramp-up period, the plant will reach full capacity of approximately 900,000 
tonnes of dry ore feed per year. The FeNi product will be transported by road to the port of Vila do Conde for sale to overseas customers.

The process plant, mining, infrastructure and utilities engineering has been developed to support capital and operating cost estimates 
to the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (“AACE“) class 3 standard. This means that capital and operating costs esti-
mates have a combined accuracy of - 10%+15%. The capital and operating costs are as of Q3 2018. 

The following figure shows a 3D image of the proposed RKEF plant at the Araguaia Ferronickel Project 

8 Operations Review

Operations Review continued

The results of the FS demonstrate that Araguaia should be progressed to detailed engineering and construction, these results are high-
lighted in Table 1, below. The information in Table 1 assumes 100% equity. The base case was developed using a flat nickel price of 
US$14,000/t Ni in line with Wood Mackenzie’s (“WM“) short term forecast. Two other cases were prepared; one using a market con-
sensus price of US$16,800/t Ni and the other used WM’s long term forecast of US$26,450/t Ni. These two additional price forecasts 
represent upside scenarios. 

Table 1: Key Feasibility Study Project Economic Indicators (post taxation)

Nickel price basis (US$/t Ni)

Item

Net cash flow

NPV8
IRR

Breakeven (NPV8) Ni price
C1 Cost (Brook Hunt)

Production year payback

LOM Ni recovered

LOM Fe recovered

Average Ni production at 0.9 Mt/a ore 1. 

Average Fe production at 0.9 Mt/a ore

Total revenue

Total costs

Operating cash flow

Capital intensity – Initial capex/t nickel

1. Average over initial 28 years of processing

Unit

US$M

US$M

%

US$/t

US$/t Ni

years

kt

kt

kt/a

kt/a

US$M

US$M

US$M

US$/t Ni

Base
(14,000)

1,572

401

20.1

10,766

8,193

4.2

426

995

14.5

32

5,970

3,811

2,159

1,041

CIBC
(16,800)

Wood Mackenzie 
(26,450)

2,582

740

28.1

10,766

8,193

3.3

426

995

14.5

32

7,164

3,995

3,169

1,041

6,060

1,906

50.4

10,766

8,193

1.8

426

995

14.5

32

11,449

4,657

6,792

1,041

Operations Review

9

Section 2 — Resources / Reserves and Mining

Snowden Mining Industry Consultants completed the mining engineering along with mining capital, operating cost estimates and re-
source estimation for the Project. Snowden is a global mining consulting and training business with leading skills and technologies in 
mining engineering, mine optimisation, and resource estimation.

Mineral Resources 

The Project has two principal mining centres; Araguaia Nickel South (“ANS“) and Araguaia Nickel North (“ANN“). ANS hosts seven deposits 
and contains most of the Mineral Resources. ANS includes Pequizeiro, Baiao, Pequizeiro West, Jacutinga, Vila Oito East, Vila Oito West 
and Vila Oito, while ANN hosts the Vale do Sonhos deposit. 

A number of phases of diamond drilling has been completed across the Project commencing in 2010. Drilling at ANS has been undertak-
en by Horizonte and Teck, with drilling at ANN by Xstrata/Glencore. The Company has been active on the ANS project since the initial dis-
covery in 2010, when it successfully completed the acquisition and integration of the Teck and Xstrata project areas, it has been the sole 
project operator since 2015. A total of 75,250 metres (“m“) of diamond drilling has been completed across 2,627 holes for the Project. 

Mineral Resource estimates for the deposits under consideration for the FS are shown in Table 2. The Measured Mineral Resource is 
estimated at 18 Mt at a grade of 1.44% Ni using a cut-off grade of 0.90% Ni. The Indicated Mineral Resource is 101 Mt at a grade of 1.25% 
Ni at a cut-off grade of 0.90% Ni. This gives a combined Mineral Resource of 119 Mt at a grade of 1.27% Ni for Measured and Indicated 
Mineral Resources at a cut-off grade of 0.90% Ni (inclusive of Mineral Reserves). A further 13 Mt at a grade of 1.19% Ni (at a cut-off grade 
of 0.90% Ni) is defined as an Inferred Mineral Resource. 

Table 2: Mineral Resources for ANS and ANN as of February 2017 by material type (0.90% Ni cut-off)

Category

Material type

Tonnage (kT)

Bulk 
density 
(t/m3)

Contained 
Ni metal 
(kT)

Ni

(%)

Co

(%)

Fe

(%)

MgO

SiO2

Al0O3

Cr2O3

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

Araguaia

Subtotal

Measured

Limonite

Transition

Saprolite

Total

Measured

All

Subtotal

Indicated

Limonite

Transition

Saprolite

Total

Total

Indicated

Measured + 
Indicated

All

All

Subtotal

Inferred

Limonite

Transition

Saprolite

Total

Inferred

All

1,232

6,645

10,291

18,168

19,244

30,917

51,008

101,169

1.39

1.26

1.40

1.35

1.39

1.20

1.31

1.30

15

1.20

0.15

37.43

2.00

17.15 11.07

116

130

1.75

0.07 18.89 10.20

42.06

6.59

1.27

0.03

12.03 24.08

41.24

3.95

261

1.44

0.05

16.26

17.51

39.91 5.40

216

439

610

1.12

1.42

0.12

36.22

2.40

20.46

0.07 21.38

11.26

38.95

1.18

0.03

11.83 25.79

40.59

1,264

1.25

0.06

19.39 16.90

36.26

9.61

5.37

3.16

5.06

2.98

1.29

0.87

1.17

2.65

1.51

0.85

1.39

119,337

1.30

1,525

1.27

0.06

18.91 16.99

36.81

5.11

1.36

2,751

4,771

5,398

12,920

1.37

1.20

1.35

1.30

30

62

62

1.08

1.30

0.10

34.92

3.04

22.84

9.23

0.07 21.23

11.04 39.09

5.62

1.15

0.03

11.80

24.36

41.81

3.69

154

1.19

0.06

20.21 14.90

36.77 5.58

2.50

1.40

0.82

1.39

Notes:
1. Mineral Resources are not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimate and 
have been used to derive subtotals, totals and weighted averages. Such rounding consequently introduces a small margin of error. Where these occur, Snowden does not 
consider them to be material. 
2. Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves. 
3. The reporting standard adopted for the reporting of the Mineral Resource estimate uses the terminology, definitions and guidelines given in the CIM Standards on 
Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (May 2014) as required by NI 43-101. 
4. Snowden completed a site inspection of the deposit by Mr Andy Ross FAusIMM, an appropriate "Independent Qualified Person" as such term is defined in NI 43-101. 
5. kt = thousand tonnes (metric).

10 Operations Review

Operations Review continued

Mineral Reserves 

The Mineral Reserve was estimated by Snowden in accordance with the CIM (2010) and JORC (2012) guidelines. 

All economic Indicated Mineral Resources within the pit designs were classified as Probable Mineral Reserves and all Measured Mineral 
Resources at Pequizeiro were classified as Proven Mineral Reserves (this classification was tested and supported by the trial mining 
program completed in this pit in 2017). Measured Mineral Resources at Vale dos Sonhos were classified as Probable Mineral Reserves. 
A summary is provided in Table 3.  The Mineral Reserve of 27.2 Mt gives mine life of 28 years based on the annual ore throughput to the 
RKEF plant of 900,000 t/a.

Table 3: Open Pit Mineral Reserves reported at October 2018

Category

Proven

Probable

Total

Ore (Mt)

7.33

19.96

27.29

Ni (%)

1.72

1.68

1.69

Fe (%)

16.01

17.57

17.15

SiO2:MgO

Al2O3 (%)

3.01

2.36

2.52

6.00

4.56

4.94

Notes
1.Mt – million dry metric tonnes.
2. Cut-off used was 1.4% Ni.
3. Dilution was modelled as part of re-blocking, ore losses applied are 8%.
3. The reporting standard adopted for the reporting of the Mineral Reserve estimate uses the terminology, definitions and guidelines given in the CIM Standards on Mineral 
Resources and Mineral Reserves (May 2014) as required by NI 43-101. 
4. Snowden completed a site inspection on three occasions between March 2016 and May 2017 by Mr Frank Blanchfield FAusIMM, an appropriate “Independent Qualified 
Person” as such term is defined in NI 43-101.

Mining 
The deposits will be mined via conventional open pit truck and shovel techniques using 
contractors. No blasting will be necessary.  Reverse circulation (“RC”) grade control drilling 
will be completed at a 10 m x 10 m spacing well ahead of mining. This combined with 
the use of visual control of the limonite and transition boundary, face sampling, stockpile 
sampling and ore feed sampling, supports a comprehensive mine-to-mill strategy that is 
designed to maintain consistent feed to the process plant.

Waste will be stored in external dumps near the pits. Ore will be transported to stockpile 
hubs near each deposit. Sheeting (using ferricrete won from the overburden) will be re-
quired to support trafficability in and around the mine during the wet season. Depending 
on plant demand, ore will be hauled from hub stockpiles or directly from the pits to the run 
of mine (“ROM”) at the RKEF process facility. Stockpiles on the ROM will be sheeted and 
classified according to ore type and chemistry for blending.

The resource model was converted to a mining model to reflect the mining method and 
incorporated anticipated mining dilution and loss. The model was re-blocked to 6.25 m x 
6.25 m x 2 m, with a 300 mm “skin” of transition (directly beneath the limonite boundary) 
treated as loss.  

The pits were optimised to target the highest-grade material giving a mine life of approx-
imately 28 years. This resulted in a cut-off grade of 1.4% Ni being applied. The pits were 
then optimised using Whittle 4X to determine a shell to use for design.

The annual mining rate peaks at 3.5 Mt/annum between production years two and seven 
before dropping down to 3.0 Mt/annum for the remainder of the Project.

The mine supplies high nickel grades in the early mine life, reaching 2% in production year 2. 
The Ni grade is above 1.8% for the majority of the first 10 years of production and reduces 
to average approximately 1.6% Ni for the remaining mine life.

Operations Review

11

Section 3 — Processing

The process plant design, along with capital and operating cost estimates were completed by Ausenco Engineering Canada Inc (“Ausenco”). 
Ausenco is a global diversified engineering, construction and project management company providing consulting, project delivery and 
asset management solutions to the resources, energy and infrastructure sectors. 

The Project will utilise a single RKEF processing line from ore receipts through to shotting of the FeNi product, Figure 2.
The RKEF process is used in over 40 operating nickel laterite plants around the world and was deemed appropriate for the Project based 
on the metallurgical testwork and the pilot plant campaigns completed bulk samples that were deemed representative of the ore. 

The key steps in the RKEF flowsheet are (Figure 2);
 > ROM ore, at an average moisture content of 34%, is first blended to meet metallurgical processing requirements, then transported to 
the primary crushing stage. Here the ore is sized using two stages of crushing to match the requirements of the subsequent steps. 
A mineral sizer with a 200 mm gap is used for primary sizing, while a mineral sizer with a 50 mm gap is used for the final stage;

 > The ore is then homogenised, partially dried and agglomerated to an average moisture content of 18% in a rotary dryer (4.5 m 

diameter x 40 m long) and fired with pulverized coal;

 > The dried agglomerated ore is then fed to the rotary kiln with the addition of reductant coal. In the kiln, the ore is completely dried, 
calcined to remove chemically-combined moisture, and the iron and nickel oxides are partially pre-reduced. Kiln dust is recycled to 
the process at the primary crushing stage ahead of the dryer/agglomerator;

 > Calcine from the kiln is then transferred to the electric furnace where further reduction of the nickel and iron occurs, melting and 

separation of the metal and slag occurs at high temperature. Slag is tapped at a temperature of around 1,575°C, while FeNi metal is 
tapped at a temperature of close to 1,500°C;

 > After tapping, the melt is transferred by ladle to the refining stage. The final FeNi product containing 30% Ni is shotted with water, 
screened, dried and stockpiled prior to dispatch to the port on trucks where it either bagged or loaded bulk into sea containers for 
shipping to customers; and,

 > The electric furnace slag is granulated and transferred to the slag repository by truck.

 
 
 
12

Operations Review

Operations Review continued

Figure 2: ANP process flow diagram

Operations Review

13

Section 4 — Financial Evaluation

Capital Cost 
The estimate is classed as an AACE class 3 estimate which means that it deemed by the qualified persons to have an accuracy range 
between -10% and +15% of the final project cost (excluding contingency) with a base date of October 2018. All amounts expressed are 
in US dollars unless otherwise stated. 

The capital costs estimate (“capex”) includes all the direct and indirect costs, local taxes and duties and appropriate contingencies for the 
facilities required to bring the Project into production, including the process plant, power line, water pipelines and associated infrastruc-
ture as defined by the FS. The estimate is based on an Engineering Procurement and Construction Management (“EPCM”) implementa-
tion approach and the Project contracting strategy.

The total estimated initial (pre-production) capital cost for the project is US$443.1 million (after tax, including growth and contingency, 
excluding escalation). A summary of the capex is shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Summary of capex

WBS #

1000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Total Costs

Area

Mine

Ore Preparation

Pyrometallurgy

Material Supply

Utilities and Infrastructure

Buildings

Indirect Costs

Contingency

US$’000

6,003

38,731

137,518

21,413

106,918

9,095

82,409

40,989

443,076

The direct costs in Table 4 include supply, shipping and site installation. The total contingency carried in the capex is US$41.0 million, 
which combined with the US$24.3 million growth allowance (this is included in the direct costs) provides a total provision of US$65.3 
million for growth and contingency. This combined sum represents 17.2% of the total capex (excluding growth and contingency). 

Operational costs 
The mining and operating cost estimate (“opex”) was calculated for an operation producing 14,500 t Ni per annum and is set out as an 
annual total and US$/t Ni in Table 5 (below), calculated as an average over the Life of Mine (“LOM”). The operating costs cover the mine, 
process plant, ore preparation, social and environmental, royalties and general and administrative overheads. The main contributors of 
the overall operating costs are power, coal, labour and mining costs, with additional consumables and other indirect costs, including G&A. 

Table 5: Summary of opex

Description

Process Plant

Directs

Power

Coal

Other directs

Labour

Subtotal – Direct costs

Indirects

Mining costs

Total costs

Cost/annum (US$)

US$/t nickel

$32,114,355

$21,591,099

$17,965,039

$7,831,286

$79,501,779

$10,285,640

$21,112,173

$110,889,592

$2,410

$1,620

$1,348

$588

$5,966

$772

$1,584

$8,322

 
 
14

Operations Review

Operations Review continued

Summary Economics 
The financial model prepared assumes 100% equity. The base case was prepared using a flat nickel price of US$14,000/t Ni. Two oth-
er  cases  were  examined;  one  using  a  market  consensus  price  of  US$16,800/t  Ni  and  the  other  used  the  WM  long  term  forecast  of 
US$26,450/t Ni. These two additional price forecasts represent upside scenarios. 

As shown in Table 1, the post taxation base case has a 4.2-year payback period with cumulative gross revenues of US$5,970 million. 
The economic analysis indicates a post-tax NPV8 of US$401 million and an IRR of 20.1%. When the long-term price forecast by WM of 
US$26,450/t Ni. is used, the NPV8 becomes US$1,906 million and the IRR 50.4%. Table 6 shows the pre-taxation results for various 
Nickel price assumptions.

Table 6: Project economic performance (pre-taxation)

Item

Net cash flow

NPV8
IRR

Breakeven (NPV8) Ni price
C1 Cost (Brook Hunt)

Production year payback

Total costs

Operating cash flow

Unit

US$M

US$M

%

US$/t

US$/t Ni

years

US$M

US$M

Nickel price basis (US$/t Ni)

Base
(14,000)

1,834

456

21.2

10,672

8,193

4.0

4,137

2,421

CIBC
(16,800)

Wood Mackenzie 
(26,450)

3,208

840

29.9

10,672

8,193

3.0

4,137

3,616

7,313

2,219

55.3

10,672

8,193

0.75

4,137

7,901

Sensitivity Analysis 
The sensitivity analysis demonstrates how the NPV8 is affected by changes to one variable while holding the other variables constant. 
The results of the sensitivity analysis are presented in Table 7 and Figure 3. The breakeven (“B/E”) indicates the change in the variable 
that will bring the project NPV8 to US$0.000 if all other variables remain unchanged. For example, if the grade of Ni reduces by 23.7% the 
Project will break even on NPV8.

Table 7: Sensitivity table for the Base Case (US$14,000/t) NPV8, after taxation

Grade Ni

Recovery Ni

Price Ni

Pre-production capital

Production capital

Mining cost

Processing cost

US$/BRL FX rate

Electricity price

Discount factor

Overhead cost

-20%

65

65

56

469

403

436

531

222

447

524

414

-10%

234

234

230

435

402

418

466

321

424

458

407

-5%

317

317

315

418

401

409

433

363

412

428

404

0%

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

401

5%

483

483

485

383

400

391

367

434

389

374

397

10%

566

566

570

366

399

383

335

465

377

349

393

20%

731

731

B/E1. 

-23.7%

-23.7%

740

-23.1%

331

397

365

269

519

353

304

386

110.2%

—

222.6%

59.8%

-35.4%

167.2%

151.3%

—

1. The breakeven change for the variable if all other variables remain unchanged. For example, if the grade of Ni reduces by 23.7% the Project will break even on NPV8.

The sensitivity analysis shows that the Project is more sensitive to nickel price, nickel recovery and grade than it is to either opex or capex.

Operations Review

15

Section 5 — Market Review and Nickel Pricing 

A market study was provided by WM, a global natural resource research and consulting company, with speciality in the nickel industry. 
WM’s findings are summarised below.

World nickel demand is forecast to increase by 3.6% in 2018, to 2.26 Mt before slowing to a compound annual growth rate of 2.1% a year, 
reaching 2.61 Mt in 2025. Growth over the long term is slightly stronger, at 2.5% a year, to 3.35 Mt in 2035, due to increasing uptake by 
the battery segment (for electric vehicles). Over this period, primary nickel uptake in stainless will account for 50–70% of total demand, 
rising from 1.54 Mt in 2018 to 1.66 Mt in 2025, and 1.77 Mt in 2035. 

Thus, with an outlook for nickel of structural shortage, deepening deficits and falling stocks, nickel prices are expected to continue to 
increase above their recently established range of US$12,500/t to US$15,000/t (US$5.90 to US$6.80/lb). A near term forecast for the 
purposes of the FS is therefore, US$14,000/t (US$6.35/lb). For comparison, WM’s long-term incentive price currently stands at about 
US$26,450/t (US$12.00/lb).

The composition of ANP FeNi30 is comparable to existing FeNi30 being produced. Consequently, there is no impediment (based on the 
elemental breakdown provided) to the proposed FeNi30 product being acceptable to the stainless steel market. 

World stainless steel production increased by 12 Mt between 2012 and 2017, mostly in China and to a lesser extent across the rest of 
Asia. Forecast production in 2018 is 50.8 Mt, up 4.5% on 2017. This upward trend is likely to continue over the mid-term, before slowing 
after 2025. As future growth in stainless production is expected to continue, the demand for FeNi (including FeNi30) should also increase. 
Consequently, WM forecasts long term FeNi production to be 450,000–460,000 a year, compared with 433,000 in 2018. This suggests 
there could be a need for the development of new FeNi projects in the future.

16

Operations Review

Operations Review continued

Section 6 — Community and Environment  

The FS sets out the key environmental and social risks and impacts and how the Company plans to minimise, manage and mitigate them 
and then monitor performance. This will be primarily achieved through a system of Environmental Control Plans, to be implemented 
before, during and after construction to meet Brazilian and international standards.

The  Company  worked  with  Environmental  Resource  Management  (“ERM”),  a  global  leader  in  this  field,  together  with  local  Brazilian 
groups: Integratio Mediação Social e Sustentabilidade (social and land) and DBO Environmental Engineering (fauna) for the FS environ-
mental and social work streams and the project permitting work for the Construction Licence (Licença de Instalação (“LI”). All work has 
been undertaken to IFC Performance Standards, 1, 2 and 5 and Brazilian CONAMA (environmental) legislation.

The groups have conducted a number of new studies on the project in 2017 and 2018 together with ongoing programs, these included: 
 > Environmental Control Plans - elaboration and detailing of socio-environmental programs;
 > Inventories of fauna and flora;
 > Air dispersion modelling;
 > Hydrogeological modelling and water balance;
 > Visits by physical, biological and social analysts to site; and,
 > Air, noise and water monitoring — ongoing as part of base line data build up into the construction and operational phase.

The project will generate approximately 500 direct and indirect jobs in the south-eastern rural area of Pará State, over the 28 years of 
operations. The majority of these workers during the operational phase will reside locally. The peak construction workforce is expected 
to reach over 1,000. 

Community contributions are expected to total over US$700 million during the LOM, including:
 > Over US$400 million in company taxes; and, 
 > Over US$280 million in employee and contractor wages.

Operations Review

17

Section 7 — Next Steps
Subject to Horizonte’s Board of Directors’ approvals, completion of project financing, and 
overall  nickel  market  conditions,  the  Company  will  continue  to  advance  the  Project  to-
wards construction, the key development milestones will be spilt into two phases, with 
the next six to eight months focussed on Phase 1.

Phase 1 
 > Completion of any outstanding metallurgical test work;
 > Completion of basic engineering and move to detailed design engineering; 
 > Early works site preparation; and,
 > Commence negotiations with EPCM or EPC providers.

Phase 2
 > Completion of detailed design;
 > Specification, vendor selection, and contracts for all mechanical packages; and,
 > Completion of EPCM or EPC activities scheduled to deliver the project based on a 31 

month schedule.

To move the project into the construction phase the company is seeking project financ-
ing. Consequently, the company has appointed Endeavour Financial to provide advice in 
this area. Endeavour will be focusing on the debt and offtake development package for 
Araguaia. Endeavour Financial is a well-regarded firm with a strong track record of suc-
cess in the mining industry, specialising in arranging multisource financing for single asset 
development companies, an example being the recently closed US$750 million financing 
package for Lundin Gold's Fruta del Norte project in Ecuador.

Vermelho 
Horizonte's 100% owned Vermelho Nickel-Cobalt project was acquired from Vale in early 
2018, it is located in the eastern part of the Carajás mining district and approximately 80 
kilometres north west of the Company's Araguaia North ferronickel project.

During the year the Company filed an initial NI 43-101 Mineral Resource Estimate for the 
Vermelho Nickel/Cobalt project. 

Highlights:
 > The Vermelho Nickel-Cobalt Mineral Resources, in the Measured and Indicated 

category, are 167.8 million tonnes grading 1.01% nickel and 0.06% cobalt (at 0.9% 
nickel equivalent cut off)

 > The Measured and Indicated mineral resources categories are estimated to 
contain 1.68 million tonnes (3,700 million lbs) of nickel and 94,000 tonnes 
(207 million lbs) of cobalt

 > The Mineral Resource Estimate places the Vermelho project as one of the largest, 

highest grade undeveloped laterite Nickel-Cobalt resources globally

 > Significant portion of high grade saprolite within the deposit is amenable to the Rotary 

Kiln Electric Furnace process route to produce ferronickel being developed at the 
Araguaia project

 > Test work is currently underway to confirm the Vermelho mineralisation is suitable to produce nickel and cobalt sulphate for the EV 

battery Market  

At a 0.90% nickel-equivalent cut-off grade the estimated Nickel-Cobalt mineral resources in the Vermelho (“V1”) and Vermelho (“V2”) 
deposits are presented in Table 1.  The Mineral Resource is reported by a series of nickel equivalent cut-offs in 2018 from Gemcom 
mining software.  The basis of the nickel equivalent calculation is the equation NiEq% = Ni% + (6 x Co%), based upon the relative average 
cash prices for nickel and cobalt metals, as reported on the London Metal Exchange for the six-month period 2nd November 2017 to 
3rd April 2018.  The nickel equivalent calculation assumes similar nickel and cobalt recoveries as obtained by the test work carried out 
by Vale in the Feasibility Study.

A total of 77,575 metres (1,383 holes) from V1 and 51,165 metres (877 holes) from V2 were used in the evaluation of the deposits and 
Mineral Resource Estimates reported in the Vermelho Feasibility Study.

18

Operations Review

Operations Review continued

Table 1 Combined Classified Mineral Resource Report for Vermelho by Nickel Equivalent cut-offs

Cut-off NiEq%

Million Tonnes

NiEq%

Ni %

Ni metal ktonnes

Co %

Co metal 
ktonnes

Fe2O3%

SiO2 %

MgO %

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

185.4

161.4

138.5

92.7

7.7

6.4

5.2

3.3

193.1

167.8

143.7

96.0

3.8

2.8

2.1

1.2

1.28

1.34

1.41

1.56

1.22

1.29

1.37

1.54

1.28

1.34

1.41

1.56

1.13

1.23

1.33

1.51

Measured

Indicated

1,781

1,629

1,469

1,098

68

59

51

36

0.96

1.01

1.06

1.19

0.88

0.93

0.99

1.11

Measured and Indicated

0.96

1.01

1.06

1.18

0.87

0.94

1.01

1.13

Inferred

1,848

1,688

1,520

1,135

33

27

21

13

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.05

0.06

99

90

81

59

4

4

3

2

31.53

43.14

31.46

42.58

31.42

42.05

31.33

40.86

27.15

50.56

27.52

50.32

27.91

49.89

28.06

49.04

103

31.36

43.43

94

84

61

2

1

1

1

31.31

42.87

31.29

42.33

31.22

41.14

24.23

41.75

25.86

41.83

27.25

41.84

28.65

41.49

9.58

9.95

10.24

10.92

7.21

6.85

6.61

6.73

9.49

9.83

10.11

10.77

15.27

13.47

11.92

10.66

The Vermelho project was developed by Vale with the objective of becoming its principal nickel-cobalt operation. Extensive work was 
undertaken on the project, which included drilling programmes totalling 152,000 metres, full scale pilot test work and detailed engineering 
studies. The project was subsequently taken through a feasibility programme with Vale announcing a positive development decision in 
2005. The project was designed around the construction of a high-pressure acid leaching plant (“HPAL”) to process the nickel/cobalt 
laterite ore. The Feasibility Study included a five-year metallurgical test work and pilot plant programme which delivered 96% average 
leaching  extraction  rates  of  nickel  and  cobalt,  in  addition  LME  grade  nickel —  cathode  was  produced.  The  Feasibility  Study  showed 
production capacity of 46,000 tons/annum (“tpa”) of metallic nickel, and 2,500 tpa of metallic cobalt, with an expected commercial life of 
40 years. Vermelho was subsequently placed on hold by Vale after the delivery of the FS due to the acquisition of Inco Limited.

Next Phase of Vermelho Project Development 

During the course of 2019 Horizonte plans to undertake the following work on the project:

 > Review the historic metallurgical test work and new work to test the high grade saprolite parts of the deposit to confirm its 

suitability for use in the RKEF flow sheet developed for Araguaia; and, confirm that the mixed hydroxide product developed by Vale 
can be upgraded to produce nickel and cobalt sulphate for potential use in EV battery products.

 > Subject to successful results from these initial work steams and identification of suitable process routes the Company plans to 

complete a Pre-Feasibility Study (“PFS”) to demonstrate the potential value of the project.

Operations Review

19

20 Strategic Report

Strategic Report Simon Retter

The Directors of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings (which together comprise 
“the Group”) present their Strategic Report for the year ended 31 December 2018.

Review of the Business
The Group is focussed on the development of the enlarged Araguaia nickel project, in Brazil. 
See the Chairman’s Statement on page 5 and Operations Review on page 6 for detailed 
reviews of the business during the year.

Aims, Strategy & Business Plan
The  Group’s  aim  is  to  create  value  for  shareholders  through  the  development  of  the 
Araguaia Project through to feasibility stage and into development.

The  Group’s  strategy  is  to  continue  to  progress  the  development  of  the  100%  owned 
Araguaia project towards construction as well as undertaking a pre-feasibility study on the 
newly acquired Vermelho project. The Group also evaluates on an ad hoc basis with a view 
to eventual acquisition, exploration and development of mineral projects in jurisdictions in 
which it holds a presence, and/or in sectors in which management has expertise.

The Group’s business plan is to advance the Araguaia project towards construction and 
ultimately bring the asset into production in order to enhance shareholder value. During 
2018  a  Feasibility  Study  was  published,  which  was  a  further  milestone  in  progressing 
the  development  and  de-risking  the  Araguaia  project.  The  completion  of  the  Vermelho 
acquisition early in 2018 commenced a second strand of work to advance a prefeasibility 
study on this newly acquired Nickel-Cobalt project. 

The Board seeks to run the Group with a low-cost base in order to maximise the amount 
that is spent on exploration and development as this is where value can be added. To this 
extent, the corporate office is run on a streamlined basis by a core team, and specialist 
skills and activities are outsourced as appropriate, both in the United Kingdom and in Brazil.

The  Group  finances  its  activities  through  periodic  capital  raisings  with  share  placings. 
As  the  Group  continues  to  develop  its  projects,  there  may  be  opportunities  to  obtain 
funding through other financial instruments, including royalty, debt or other arrangements 
with strategic parties.

Principal Risks and Uncertainties
Set out below are the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group:

Exploration risks
The exploration and mining business is controlled by a number of global factors, principally 
supply and demand which in turn is a key driver in global metal prices; these factors are 
beyond the control of the Group. Exploration is a high-risk business and there can be no 
guarantee that any mineralisation discovered will result in proven and probable reserves 
or go on to be an operating mine. At every stage of the exploration process the projects are 
rigorously reviewed, both internally and by qualified third party consultants to determine 
if the results justify the next stage of exploration expenditure, ensuring that funds are 
only applied to high priority targets.

In late 2018, the Group completed its feasibility study of the Araguaia project.

The  principal  assets  of  the  Group,  comprising  the  mineral  exploration  licences  are 
subject  to  certain  financial  and  legal  commitments.  If  these  commitments  are  not 
fulfilled the licences could be revoked. The Group closely monitors on an ongoing basis 
its  commitments  and  the  expiry  terms  of  all  licenses  in  order  to  ensure  good  title  is 
maintained. They are also subject to legislation defined by the government in Brazil; if this 
legislation is changed it could adversely affect the value of the Group’s assets.

Strategic Report

21

Resource and Reserves Estimates
The  Group’s  reported  resources  and  reserves  are  only  estimates.  No  assurance  can  be  given  that  the  estimated  resources  will  be 
recovered or that they will be recovered at the rates estimated. Mineral reserve and resource estimates are based on limited sampling 
and as a result are uncertain because the samples may not be fully representative of the full resource. Mineral resource estimates may 
require revision (either up or down) in future periods based on further drilling or actual production experience.

Any future resource figures will be estimates and there can be no assurance that the minerals are present, will be recovered or that 
they can be brought into profitable production. Furthermore, a decline in the market price for natural resources, particularly nickel, could 
render reserves containing relatively lower grades of these resources uneconomic to recover.

Country risk
The  Group’s  licences  and  operations  are  located  in  foreign  jurisdictions.  As  a  result,  the  Group  is  subject  to  political,  economic  and 
other  uncertainties,  including  but  not  limited  to,  changes  in  policies  or  the  personnel  administering  them,  appropriation  of  property 
without fair compensation, cancellation or modification of contract rights, royalty and tax increases and other risks arising out of foreign 
governmental sovereignty over the area in which these operations are conducted.

Brazil is the current focus of the Group’s activity and offers stable political frameworks and actively supports foreign investment. It has 
a well-developed exploration and mining code with proactive support for foreign companies.  

Volatility of commodity prices
Historically, commodity prices (including in particular the price of nickel) have fluctuated and are affected by numerous factors beyond 
the Group’s control. The aggregate effect of these factors is impossible to predict. Fluctuations in commodity prices in the long-term 
may adversely affect the returns of the Group’s exploration projects.

Whilst the outlook and forecasts for nickel prices are generally positive, any significant reduction in the global demand for nickel, leading 
to a fall in nickel prices, could lead to a significant fall in the cash flow of the Group in future periods and/or delay in exploration and 
production, which may have a material adverse impact on the operating results and financial position of the Group.

Financing
The successful exploration of natural resources on any project requires significant capital investment. The Group currently sources finance 
through the issue of additional equity capital. The Group’s ability to raise further funds will depend on the success of its investment 
strategy and acquired operations. The Group successfully raised capital recently, which places it in a strong position, however, the Group 
may not be successful in procuring the requisite funds on terms which are acceptable to take the project forwards and, if such funding 
is unavailable, the Group may be required to reduce the scope of its investments or anticipated expansion. As the Group is currently in 
the exploration stage it does not generate revenues and is therefore reliant on its cash resources and obtaining additional financing to 
funds its operations, should the cash resources deplete and should there be a lack of available financing alternatives the Group may find 
it difficult to fund its working capital.   

The directors have identified that the Group will need to raise further funds in the next twelve months.  Further information is provided 
in note 2.4 to the financial statements.

Dependence on key personnel
The Group is dependent upon its executive management team. Whilst it has entered into contractual agreements with the aim of securing 
the services of these personnel, as well as a long-term incentive plan comprising options and milestone incentives, the retention of their 
services cannot be guaranteed. The development and success of the Group depends on the ability to recruit and retain high quality and 
experienced staff. The loss of service of key personnel or the inability to attract additional qualified personnel as the Group grows could 
have an adverse effect on future business and financial conditions. To date the Group has been successful in recruiting and retaining 
high quality staff.

Title risk
The Group’s current and future operations will require approvals and permits from various federal, state and local governmental authorities, 
and such operations are and will be governed by laws and regulations governing prospecting, development, mining, production, taxes, 
labour standards, health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. There 
is no assurance that delays will not occur in connection with obtaining all necessary renewals of such approvals and permits for the 
existing operations or additional approvals or permits for any possible future changes to operations. Prior to any development on any 
of its properties, the Group must receive permits from appropriate governmental authorities. There can be no assurance that the Group 
will continue to hold all permits necessary to develop or continue operating at any particular property or obtain all required permits on 
reasonable terms or on a timely basis.

22 Strategic Report

Strategic Report continued

Uninsured risk
The  Group,  as  a  participant  in  exploration  and  development  programmes,  may  become  subject  to  liability  for  hazards  that  cannot 
be insured against or third party claims that exceed the insurance cover. The Group may also be disrupted by a variety of risks and 
hazards that are beyond its control, including geological, geotechnical and seismic factors, environmental hazards, industrial accidents, 
occupation and health hazards and weather conditions or other acts of God.

Financial risks
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks, particularly relating to foreign currency exchange rates as a result of the 
Group’s foreign operations. The Group has a risk management programme in place that seeks to limit the adverse effects of these risks 
on the financial performance of the Group.

The  Parent  Company’s  financial  risk  relates  to  the  recoverability  of  its  loans  to  subsidiaries.    Further  information  relating  to  the 
assessment of expected credit losses is provided in note 25 to the financial statements.

Details of the Group’s financial risk management objectives and policies are set out in note 3 to the Financial Statements.

Financial Performance Review

The Group is not yet producing minerals and so has no income other than bank interest. Consequently, the Group is not expected to 
report profits until it disposes of or is able to profitably develop or otherwise turn to account its exploration and development projects. 
The principal financial key performance indicators (”KPIs“) monitored by the Board concern levels and usage of cash.

The  three  main  financial  KPIs  for  the  Group  allow  it  to  monitor  costs  and  plan  future  exploration  and  development  activities 
and are as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents

Administrative expenses as a percentage of Total assets

Exploration costs capitalised as intangible assets during the year

2018

2017

£6,527,115

£9,403,825

3.2%

2.4%

£4,481,940

£5,740,740

KPI’s are not GAAP measurements and are not intended to be a substitute for these measures. The KPI’s used by the Group may not be 
the same as those used by other companies and so should not be used as such. 

Administrative expenses as a percentage of total assets have remained constant, in light of significant increase in overall activity as a 
direct result of the work undertaken on the FS.  

Exploration  costs  capitalised  as  intangible  assets  relate  to  expenditure  on  the  Araguaia  project  during  2018  and  have  increased 
significantly compared to the prior year due to the overall increase in work on the FS and associated work programmes.  

At 31 December 2018, the Group’s intangible assets had a carrying value of £35,737,902.

Non-Financial Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”)
The Board monitors the following non-financial KPIs on a regular basis:

Health and Safety — number of reported incidents
There were no significant reportable incidents in the current or prior year.

Operational performance
Good progress was made during the year with the completion of a FS on the Company’s flagship Araguaia nickel project. This included 
drilling, trial excavation as well as engineering and environmental work.  

Fundraising
On 22 December 2017, a total of 200,000,000 new ordinary shares were issued through a private placement in the United Kingdom at 
a price of £0.035 per share to raise £7,000,000 before expenses. This was followed by a simultaneous raise of £2.2 million in Canada by 
way of issuing 60,587,500 shares raising gross proceeds of CAD$3,635,250, which closed in January 2018.

 
Financial Review

Loss before taxation

Cash and cash equivalents

Exploration assets

Net assets

Loss per share (pence)

Strategic Report

23

Year ended 
31 December 2018 
£

(1,939,663)

6,527,115

35,737,902

36,958,955

0.136p

Year ended 
31 December 2017  
£

(1,667,156)

9,403,825

34,308,278

39,241,815

0.142p

Loss for the year
The  loss  for  the  year  increased  slightly  to  £1,939,662  from  £1,667,156  in  2017  primarily  due  to  changes  in  the  estimate  for  the 
contingent consideration and an overall increase in the administrative expenditure and share based payment charge. 

The Group has continued to keep a tight control on its administrative costs, which increased in the year by £242,961 to £1,336,093 as a 
direct result of the increased activity undertaken during 2018 in Brazil as part of the FS. 

Furthermore, total comprehensive loss attributable to equity holders of £4,967,699 included loss on currency translation differences of 
£3,028,006. This was due to the weakening of BRL against both USD and GBP as at 31 December 2018, as compared to 31 December 2017. 

Exploration Assets
Exploration  assets,  which  comprise  the  Araguaia  project,  have  increased  to  £35,737,902  as  at  31  December  2018  as  compared  to 
£34,308,278 as at 31 December 2017: The Group incurred addition expenditure in the year, which included £3,236,829 in relation to 
work undertaken on the feasibility study as well as a significant foreign exchange revaluation loss of £3,052,316 as Sterling appreciated 
against the Brazilian Real. The exploration assets of the business are recorded in the functional currency of Brazil, the country in which 
they are located.

The strategic report was approved by the board on 28 March and is signed on its behalf by Simon Retter

Simon Retter
Company Secretary
28 March 2019

 
24

Board of Directors and Key Management

Board of Directors and Key Management

A wealth of experience

David  J.  Hall,  BA  (Hons),  MSc,  Fellow  SEG, 
P.Geo, Non-Executive Chairman
Mr. Hall is a graduate in geology from Trinity 
College Dublin and holds a Master’s Degree in 
Mineral  Exploration  from  Queen’s  University, 
Kingston,  Ontario.  He  has  over  30  years  of 
experience in the exploration and mining sector 
and has worked on and assessed exploration 
projects and mines in over 40 countries. From 
1992, Mr. Hall was Chief Geologist for Minorco, 
responsible  for  Central  and  Eastern  Europe, 
Central Asia and the Middle East. He moved 
to  South  America  in  1997  as  a  Consultant 
geologist  for  Minorco  South  America  and 
subsequently  became  exploration  manager 
for AngloGold South America in 1999, where 
he  was  responsible  for  exploration  around 
the Cerro Vanguardia gold mine in Argentina, 
around  the  Morro  Velho  and  Crixas  mines 
in  Brazil  and  establishing  the  exploration 
programme  that  resulted  in  the  discovery 
of the La Recantada gold deposit in Peru as 
well as certain joint ventures in Ecuador and 
Colombia. In April 2002, Mr.  Hall  became an 
executive director of Minmet and operations 
director in September 2002. Mr. Hall led the 
divestment  of  Minmet’s  exploration  assets 
in  the  Dominican  Republic  into  GoldQuest 
Mining Corporation, which is listed on the TSX 
Venture  Exchange.  Mr.  Hall  is  also  founder 
of  Stratex  International  Plc,  an  AIM  traded 
company  with  exploration  assets  in  Turkey 
and  in  which  Teck  is  an  equity  shareholder. 
Mr. Hall is a fellow of the Society of Economic 
Geologists and EuroGeol.

from 

Jeremy J. Martin, MSc, ASCM Director and 
Chief Executive Officer 
Mr.  Martin  holds  a  degree 
in  Mining 
Geology  from  the  Camborne  School  of 
Mines,  and  a  Master's  Degree  in  mineral 
exploration 
the  University  of 
Leicester. He has worked in South America, 
Central  America  and  Europe,  where  he 
was  responsible  for  grassroots  regional 
metalliferous  exploration  programmes 
through  to  resources  definition  and  mine 
development.  Mr.  Martin  has  established 
a  number  of  JV  partnerships  with  major 
mining companies and has been involved in 
the formation of four AIM and TSX traded 
companies. He has served on a number of 
public company boards and is a member of 
the Society of Economic Geologists and the 
Institute of Mining Analysts.

Simon  J  Retter  BSc  (Hons),  ACA  Chief 
Financial Officer and Company Secretary
Mr Retter has a degree in Accounting and 
Finance  from  the  University  of  Bristol 
and  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  with  over 
10  years  of  experience 
in  the  mining 
industry.  He  has  undertaken  numerous 
corporate  finance  transactions  across  a 
broad  range  of  industries  including  initial 
public  offerings,  reverse  take  overs  and 
secondary  fund  raisings.  He  has  served 
as  finance  director  of  Paragon  Diamonds 
Ltd  and  currently  holds  the  role  of  Non-
Executive Director of HRC World plc, which 
holds the franchise for Hard Rock Cafes in 
greater  China.  Mr  Retter  is  a  member  of 
the  Institute  of  Chartered  Accountants  in 
England and Wales. 

Owen  A.  Bavinton,  BSc  (Hons),  MSc,  DIC, 
PhD,  Non-Executive Director
Dr. Bavinton graduated from the University 
of Queensland in Geology in 1969, holds a 
Master’s  Degree  in  Mineral  Exploration 
from  Imperial  College,  London  and  a  PhD 
in Economic Geology from ANU, Canberra, 
Australia.  He  has  over  45  years  of  varied 
international  experience  in  the  minerals 
exploration  and  mining  sector  in  several 
commodities.  After  brief  periods  as  a 
junior  consultant  and  an  underground 
mine  geologist  on  a  Witwatersrand  gold 
mine,  from  1974  to  1985  he  had  several 
positions with Western Mining Corporation, 
finally  as  director  of  WMC’s  activities  in 
Brazil.  From  1986  to  1992  he  was  Chief 
Executive  Officer  of  Aredor  Guinea  SA.  In 
1992 he joined the Anglo  American group 
where  he  stayed  until  his  retirement 
in  2010.  Based  initially  in  Turkey  and 
then  in  Budapest,  he  was  responsible 
for  Anglo  American’s  exploration  and 
project  evaluation  activities  in  the  FSU, 
Central  Europe  and  the  Middle  East.  He 
moved  to  London  in  1998,  initially  as 
Head of Exploration for Minorco, and later 
Group  Head  of  Exploration  and  Geology 
for  the  Anglo  American  Group.  In  those 
roles,  he  was  responsible  for  worldwide 
exploration  and  geosciences  covering  a 
range  of  exploration  projects,  through 
all  stages  of  development, 
including 
advanced  projects  and  feasibility  studies, 
as well as providing geoscience input into 
numerous  acquisitions.  He 
is  a  fellow 
of  the  Society  of  Economic  Geologists, 
the  Association  of  Applied  Geochemists 
and  the  Institute  of  Materials,  Mining 
and  Metallurgy.  Dr.  Bavinton  is  currently 
an  independent  consultant  and  speaks 
French and Portuguese. 

in 

Allan M. Walker, MA, Non-Executive Director
Mr.  Walker  has  over  35  years  of 
experience 
investment  banking  and 
funds  management,  primarily  focused 
on  energy  sector  project  finance  and 
private  equity,  particularly 
in  emerging 
markets.  He  has  extensive  contacts  in 
the  energy,  infrastructure  and  resources 
sectors  worldwide,  as  well  as  with 
governments,  multilateral 
agencies 
and  regional  development  banks.  Mr. 
Walker  is  currently  a  consultant  with  UK 
Department for International Trade, where 
he  is  Head  of  Project  Finance.  Previously 
he  was  with  Masdar  Capital  in  Abu  Dhabi, 
as  Executive  Director,  responsible  for 
managing  the  third  party  private  equity 
funds  management  business  for  Masdar, 
the Abu Dhabi government’s clean energy 
and  sustainability  company.  Prior  to  that 
he  founded  (in  2005)  and  ran  a  similar 
private  equity  fund  for  Black  River  Asset 
Management  (UK)  Limited,  an  indirectly 
held subsidiary of Cargill Inc. Prior to Black 
River,  Mr.  Walker  was  head  of  power  and 
infrastructure in London for Standard Bank 
Plc,  a  world  leader  in  emerging  markets 
resource  banking.  Mr.  Walker  was  also 
previously  a  director  in  the  Global  Energy 
and  Project  Finance  Group  of  Credit 
Suisse  First  Boston  in  London  and  ran 
the energy group at CSFB Garantia in Sao 
Paulo, Brazil from 1998 to 2001, where he 
spent seven years covering Latin America. 
He  also  spent  three  years  in  the  energy 
group  of  ING  Barings  in  New  York.  Mr. 
Walker graduated with an MA in economic 
geography  from  Cambridge  University  in 
1982 and received his financial training on 
a one year residential training programme 
with  JP  Morgan  in  New  York  in  1983.  He 
speaks Portuguese and Spanish.

Alexander  N.  Christopher,  BSc  (Hons),  P.Geo, 
Non-Executive Director
Mr. Christopher, a professional geologist, has over 
30  years  of  experience  in  mineral  exploration 
and  the  mining  industry.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Association  of  Professional  Engineers  and 
Geoscientists  BC  and  possesses  an  Honours 
B.Sc. in Geology from McMaster University and 
an  Environmental  Biology  Technology  diploma 
from Canadore College. Mr. Christopher currently 
holds  the  position  of  Senior  Vice  President, 
Exploration, Projects & Technical Services at Teck. 
Mr.  Christopher  has  been  with  Teck  since  the 
mid-1980’s holding a number of positions within 
the company. He is also currently a member of 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Prospectors  and 
Developers  Association  of  Canada  where  he 
holds the position of First Vice President. 

William Fisher, P.Geo, 
Non-Executive Director
Mr. Fisher graduated as a geologist in 1979 
and  has  extensive 
industry  experience 
which has included a number of residential 
posts 
in  Africa,  Australia,  Europe  and 
Canada  in  both  exploration  and  mining 
positions.  Under  his  leadership,  Karmin 
Exploration  discovered  the  Aripuanã  base 
metal  sulphide  deposits  in  Brazil.  From 
1997 to 2001 Mr. Fisher was Vice President, 
Exploration  for  Boliden  AB,  a  major 
European  mining  and  smelting  company 
where  he  was  responsible  for  thirty  five 
projects  in  nine  countries.  From  2001  to 
2008, Bill led GlobeStar Mining Corp. from 
an  exploration  company  to  an  emerging 
base  metal  producer  in  the  Dominican 
Republic  which  developed  and  operated 
the Cerro de Maimon mine until it was sold 
to  Perilya  for  USD  186  million.  Mr.  Fisher 
was  also  Chairman  of  Aurelian  Resources 
which was acquired by Kinross in 2008 for 
USD  1.2  Billion  after  the  discovery  of  the 
Fruta  del  Norte  gold  deposit  in  Ecuador. 
Mr.  Fisher  currently  serves  as  Executive 
Chairman of Goldquest Mining Corp. (TSX: 
GCQ),  independent  director  of  Treasury 
Metals  Inc.  (TSX:  TML)  and  Chairman  of 
Rame Energy (AIM: RAME).

Board of Directors and Key Management

25

Key Advisers

Dr Philip Mackey P.Eng, PhD, FCIM
Senior Metallurgical Adviser
Dr Mackey is a consulting metallurgical en-
gineer with over forty years’ experience in 
non-ferrous metals processing with a par-
ticular focus on nickel and copper sulphide 
smelting and nickel laterite processing. He 
has  worked  for  leading  producers  of  nick-
el  including  Falconbridge  and  Xstrata  and 
throughout his career he has been involved 
in a number of nickel sulphide projects and 
later  on,  nickel  laterite  projects  at  vari-
ous  stages  of  the  development  cycle.  Dr 
Mackey’s  extensive  experience  has  seen 
him take projects from the start-up stage, 
through the feasibility stages and into the 
processing  and  production  of  non-ferrous 
metals. Dr Mackey is a Member and Fellow 
of  the  Canadian  Institute  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgy as well as the Metals and Min-
erals Society USA. He has also authored or 
co-authored over 100 publications regard-
ing  metallurgy  with  a  particular  focus  on 
nickel and copper.

a 

is 

and 

recycling 

operation 

Dr Nic Barcza P.Eng, PhD
Senior Pyrometallurgical Adviser
Dr.  Nic  Barcza,  has  a  PhD  in  Metallurgical 
Engineering 
registered 
Professional  Engineer.  Nic  is  an  Executive 
Consultant  to  Mintek  in  South  Africa.  He 
was  the  Chairman  of  Mintek's  wholly-
owned  subsidiary  Mindev  Pty  (Ltd),  until 
the  end  of  2005  and  has  served  on  a 
number  of  Boards  such  as  Mogale  Alloys 
(Pty)  Ltd,  a  ferroalloy  and  stainless  steel 
dust/alloy 
near 
Johannesburg.  He  is  a  past-President  and 
Honorary Life Fellow of the South African 
Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM), 
chairman  of  the  International  Committee 
of INFACON, a Fellow of the South African 
Academy  of  Engineering  and  has  served 
on  several  academic  advisory  Boards  and 
the  Council  of  Wits  University.  Nic  has 
worked  on  several  titaniferous  magnetite 
projects and also advises and consults for 
several  other  companies  in  South  Africa 
and  abroad  including  Anfield  Nickel  Corp. 
(Canada)  and  Oriel  Resources  Ltd  (UK)  on 
nickel and chrome projects.

26

Directors’ Report

Directors’ Report

The Directors present their Annual Report on the affairs of Horizonte Minerals Plc, together with the audited Financial Statements for 
the year ended 31 December 2018.

Principal activities
The  principal  activity  of  the  Group  and  Company  is  the  identification,  acquisition,  exploration  and  development  of  mineral  projects. 
The main area of activity comprises the development of the Araguaia nickel project, located in Pará State in north-eastern Brazil.

Financial review
The Group recorded a loss for the year of £1,939,663 (2017: £1,667,156). The Group is currently involved in exploration and evaluation 
activities and not actively mining. As a result, the Group is not revenue generative.

In  January  2018  the  Group  issued  60,587,500  shares  at  a  price  of  CAD$0.06  (3.5p)  raising  gross  cash  proceeds  of  CAD$3,635,250, 
(£2.2m). This was the second tranche of a capital raise that was undertaken late in 2017 and was preceded by the issue of 200,000,000 
shares at a price of 3.5p per share raising gross cash proceeds of £7,000,000 on 22 December 2017. 

At 31 December 2018, the Group had cash and cash equivalents of £6,527,115 (2017: £9,403,825). The Directors have prepared cash 
flow forecasts for the 12 months from the date of signing of these Financial Statements. The Directors have formed a judgement at 
the  time  of  approving  the  Financial  Statements  that  there  is  a  reasonable  expectation  that  the  Company  and  Group  have  adequate 
resources to continue operations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in 
preparing the Financial Statements. Further details of the Directors’ conclusions regarding going concern are detailed in note 2.4 to the 
Financial Statements.

The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend (2017: £Nil).

Sustainability

Safety 
Health and safety audit conducted by FAC consultants in 2018.  No LTIs throughout 2018.

People 
Strong and diverse owners team, including a good presence of local and female employees. In 2018, over 60% of 
our direct employees originated from the Pará State.

Social 
The Company spent approximately R$80,000 on social investment projects in the region throughout 2018 and 
additionally provided in-kind support through employee volunteering.

Rehabilitation 
In 2018 Horizonte built a greenhouse on site to commence local seedling production and rehabilitation of springs 
within the region close to the future Araguaia infrastructure. 

Permits
Construction Licence granted in January 2019 for Araguaia.  

People
As a Group, we understand the importance of our team in developing and growing the Company for the future.  
We aim to create an environment that will attract, retain and motivate people to maximise their potential.

Directors’ Report

27

Social and Environmental 
In January of 2019, the award of the Construction Licence, Licença de Instalação (“LI”) in Portuguese, was granted by SEMAS, the 
Brazilian Pará State Environmental Agency (“SEMAS”) for Araguaia.

The granting of the LI provides Horizonte with the permits required to construct the Araguaia rotary kiln electric furnace (“RKEF”) 
processing plant and associated infrastructure.  The LI approval represents a major de-risking step for Araguaia, which is now fully 
permitted to commence construction.

In partnership with ERM consultants across Brazil, UK and Canada, as well as local Brazilian consulting groups; the Company 
conducted a range of studies over 2017-2018 to align with international banking standards, such as, the International Finance 
Corporation (“IFC”) Environmental and Social Performance Standards and Equator Principles. The results of these studies were 
published in the Araguaia Feasibility Study in October 2018. 

The sustainability team has also commenced baseline data collections at Vermelho and is commencing Vermelho along the 
permitting pathway. 

Permitting 
The Company took significant strides in de-risking the Araguaia Project in 2018 through licence approvals and construction permit 
requests, culminating in the award of the Construction Licence for Araguaia. 

Multiple permits were granted/progressed in 2018, including:
 > Approval of the Construction Licence (“LI”) for Araguaia South plant and associated infrastructure; 
 > Approval of the water-use permit for extraction from Arraias River to enable full-scale operation at Araguaia;
 > Approval of the water-use permit for water cooling dam at Araguaia;
 > Approval of Operational Licence for exploration activities in Araguaia North for 4 years;
 > Approval of Operational Licence for exploration activities in Vermelho for 2 years;
 > Publication of Terms of Reference for Transmission Line Construction Licence and progress of environmental studies for the 

Transmission Line;

 > Publication of Terms of Reference for Araguaia North environmental impact assessment. And progress of environmental studies for 

the Araguaia North deposit; 

 > Submission of fauna capture licence for the Araguaia North deposit;
 > Request for Terms of Reference for the Vermelho project environmental impact assessment.  

In 2019 the sustainability team will prioritise the progress of the Araguaia licence package, including approvals for the 
Transmission Line and water pipeline construction licences as well as submission of the environmental impact assessment for the 
Araguaia North deposit. 

In addition to this, the team is commencing studies for the Vermelho project’s environmental impact assessment. 

Health and safety
Horizonte operates a comprehensive health and safety programme to ensure the wellness and security of its employees. We are proud to have 
operated throughout 2018 with no LTI incidents.

The Group operates with 6 “golden rules” aimed at mitigating the majority of health and safety risks. Annually, Horizonte management provides a 
detailed in-house review of the Company’s health and safety programme hand in hand with all members of the Brazil site team.

A health and safety audit was conducted by FAC consultants in 2018.  The audit evaluated the health and safety requirements applicable to Horizonte 
and the degree of adequacy of the Company against current legislation. A steps plan was generated, which sets out improvements to be developed 
by the company. An integrated Risk Management Program was created, which establishes the management actions of all the health and safety 
requirements of the Company and the necessary tools for implementation.

Additionally,  in  2018,  Ausenco  consultants  facilitated  a  HAZID  workshop  together  with  ERM  and  the  Horizonte  owners’  team  across  multiple 
disciplines to rate and analyse potential risks for the future Araguaia mine.  Results form part of the Araguaia Feasibility Study.

28

Directors’ Report

Directors’ Report continued

Substantial shareholdings
The Directors are aware of the following substantial interests or holdings in 3% or more of the Company’s ordinary called up share capital as at 
28 March 2019.

Major shareholders

Teck Resources Limited

Canaccord Genuity Group

JP Morgan

Richard Griffiths

Glencore

Lombard Odier Asset Management

Number of shares

% of issued capital

210,207,179

143,150,000

117,739,613

96,550,000

88,362,682

69,445,418

14.5%

9.9%

8.1%

6.7%

6.1%

4.8%

Share capital
Changes in the share capital of the Company are set out in note 13 of the Financial Statements.

Directors and their interests
The names of the Directors of the Company at the date of this report are shown in the Statutory Information. Refer to note 23 for 
further details. 

The Directors who served during the year, together with their directly beneficial interests in the shares of the Company as at 
31 December 2018 are as follows:

Director

David Hall

Jeremy Martin

Owen Bavinton

Allan Walker

William Fisher

Alex Christopher

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

Shares

Options

Shares

Options

1,039,955

16,000,000

1,039,955

12,000,000

2,028,908

28,500,000

1,083,908

20,500,000

2,000,000

13,000,000

2,000,000

9,500,000

705,479

13,900,000

500,000

10,400,000

1,975,000

13,000,000

1,036,000

9,500,000

—

—

None of the Directors exercised any share options during the year.

There has been no change in the interests set out above between 31 December 2018 and 28 March 2019.

Directors’ statement as to disclosure of information to auditor
The Directors who held office at the date of approval of this Directors’ Report confirm that, so far as they are individually aware, there 
is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware and the Directors have taken all the steps that they ought 
to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor is aware of the information.

Matters covered in the Business Review
The business review and review of KPIs are included in the Operations Review and Strategic Report.

Financial risk management
The Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:
 > Commodity price risk
 > Foreign currency risk
 > Credit risk
 > Interest rate risk
 > Liquidity risk

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its area of operation, these along with managements 
policies surrounding risk management are included in note 3.  

Events after the reporting date
The events after the reporting date are set out in note 29 to the Financial Statements.

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities

29

Future developments
In 2019 the Group will be working towards securing the required project finance in order to construct and bring the Araguaia project into 
commercial production.  In tandem it will be working towards advancing the evaluation of the recently acquired Vermelho deposit. It is 
expecting to undertake a Pre-Feasibility Study to asses development options for publication during 2019. 

Directors and Officers Insurance
The Group provided Directors and Officers insurance for both the current and prior periods. 

Annual General Meeting
The  Notice  of  the  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Company  and  the  Management  Information  Circular  together  with  Management 
Discussion and Analysis as at 31 December 2018 will be distributed to shareholders together with the Annual Report. Full details of the 
business to be considered at that meeting can be found in the Notice.

Independent auditor
The auditor, BDO LLP, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

BDO LLP has signified its willingness to continue in office as auditor.

By Order of the Board
Simon Retter
Company Secretary
28 March 2019

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the strategic report, annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable 
law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that law the directors have elected 
to prepare the group and company financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as 
adopted by the European Union.  Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company and of the profit or loss of the group and company for 
that period.  The directors are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange 
for companies trading securities on the Alternative Investment Market and in accordance with the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange.  

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
 > select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
 > make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
 > state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material 

departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

 > prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will 

continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions 
and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial 
statements comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Website publication
The directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available on a website.  Financial 
statements are published on the company's website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation 
and dissemination of financial statements, which may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions.  The maintenance and integrity of 
the company's website is the responsibility of the directors.  The directors' responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the 
financial statements contained therein.

By Order of the Board
Simon James Retter
Company Secretary
28 March 2019

30 Corporate Governance Report

Corporate Governance Report

Corporate governance practices
The  Board  recognises  the  importance  of 
sound corporate governance commensurate 
with  the  size  of  the  Company  and  the 
interests  of  Shareholders.  Horizonte  has 
chosen to adhere to the Quoted Companies 
Alliance  (“QCA”)  corporate  governance  code 
in order to follow good governance practice. 
It  serves  as  a  practical  outcome-oriented 
approach  to  corporate  governance  for  AIM 
quoted companies. The QCA code is applied to 
all aspects of Corporate governance including 
but  not  limited  to  the  establishment  of  a 
coherent  corporate  strategy  and  business 
model in order to maximise shareholder value 
over  the  long  term,  regularly  meeting  with 
shareholders to ensure that expectations are 
met,  focussing  on  additional  stakeholders, 
including, suppliers and local populations in 
the  jurisdictions  which  the  group  operates 
and  a  corporate  culture  which  is  based 
upon  ethical  value  and  behaviours.  In  the 
following  paragraphs  are  explanations  as 
to  how  the  Company  complies  with  the  10 
principals  set  out  in  the  combined  code 
except  for  principal  1  which  sets  out  how 
the  business  establishes  a  strategy  and 
business  model  which  promote  long  term 
value  for  shareholders,  which  is  covered  in 
the Strategy report on page 20.

The Board of Directors
As  at  31  December  2018,  the  Board  of 
Directors  comprised  six  members:  one 
Executive  Director  and  five  Non-Executive 
Directors  including  the  Chairman,  Mr  David 
Hall.  The  Executive  Director  has  a  wealth 
of  minerals  exploration  and  development 
experience.  Similarly,  the  Non-Executive 
Directors  have  extensive  mineral  and 
financial  experience.  Mr  Owen  Bavinton, 
Mr  William  Fisher  and  Mr  Allan  Walker  are 
classified  as  Independent  by  the  Toronto 
Stock Exchange.

Directors  who  have  been  appointed  to  the 
Company  have  been  chosen  because  of 
the  skills  and  experience  they  offer.  The 
Board  of  Directors  has  strong,  relevant 
experience  across  the  areas  of  mining, 
geology, exploration and banking. The Board 
is  satisfied  that,  between  the  Directors,  it 
has an effective and appropriate balance of 
skills and experience, including in the areas of 
mining and exploration. All Directors receive 
regular and timely information on the Group’s 
operational  and 
financial  performance. 
Relevant  information  is  circulated  to  the 
Directors in advance of meetings.
Skills  and  knowledge  have  been  gained 
through  aggregated  experience  in  mining 
and  the  wider  sector  and  these  are 
maintained  through  ongoing  involvement 
and participation within the industry.

The  Board  of  Horizonte 
is  responsible 
for  setting  the  vision  and  strategy  for  the 
Company to deliver value to the Company’s 
shareholders  by  effectively  putting  in  place 
its business model.

The roles and responsibility of the Chairman, 
CEO and other directors are laid out below:

Chairman:
The primary responsibility of the chairman is 
to lead the Board effectively and to oversee 
the  adoption,  delivery  and  communication 
of  the  Company’s  corporate  governance 
model.  The  chair  has  adequate  separation 
from  the  day-to-day  business  to  be  able 
to  make  independent  decisions.  Save  in 
exceptional (and well justified and explained) 
circumstances, the chair should not also fulfil 
the role of chief executive.

CEO:
The  Company’s  CEO  is  charged  with  the 
delivery  of  the  business  model  within 
the  strategy  set  by  the  Board.  The  CEO 
works  with  the  chair  and  NEDs  in  an  open 
and  transparent  way  and  keeps  the  chair 
and  NEDs  up-to-date  with  operational 
performance,  risks  and  other 
issues  to 
ensure  that  the  business  remains  aligned 
with the strategy.

Non-executive directors:
The  Company’s  NED'S  participate 
in  all 
board  level  decisions  and  play  a  particular 
role  in  the  determination  and  articulation 
of  strategy.  The  Company’s  NED’s  provide 
oversight  and  scrutiny  of  the  performance 
of  the  executive  directors,  whilst  both 
inspiring 
constructively  challenging  and 
them, 
the  business 
thereby  ensuring 
develops,  communicates  and  executes  the 
agreed strategy and operates within the risk 
management framework.

Board meetings
The  Board  ordinarily  meets  approximately 
on a quarterly basis and as and when further 
required,  providing  effective 
leadership 
and overall management of the Company’s 
affairs  by  reference  to  those  matters 
reserved  for  its  decision.  This  includes  the 
approval  of  the  budget  and  business  plan, 
major  capital  expenditure,  acquisitions  and 
disposals,  risk  management  policies  and 
the  approval  of  the  financial  statements. 
Formal agendas, papers and reports are sent 
to the Directors in a timely manner, prior to 
the  Board  meetings.  The  Board  delegates 
certain aspects of its responsibilities to the 
Board  committees  which  have  terms  of 
reference as listed below.

in  an 

Evaluating Board performance
Evaluation  of  the  performance  of  the 
Company’s  Board  has  historically  been 
implemented 
informal  manner. 
From  the  beginning  of  2018  however,  the 
Board  formally  reviews  and  considers  the 
performance  of  each  director  at  or  around 
the  time  of  publication  of  the  Company’s 
annual 
is 
determined  in  accordance  with  the  Articles 
of Association. When determining executive 
director  remuneration  policy  and  practices, 
the  Company’s  remuneration  committee 
addresses the following:
 > Clarity — remuneration arrangement 
is transparent and promotes effective 
engagement with shareholders and the 
workforce;

remuneration 

report.  The 

 > Simplicity — remuneration structures 

avoid complexity and their rationale and 
operation are easy to understand;
 > Risk — remuneration arrangements 

ensure reputational and other risks from 
excessive rewards, and behavioural risks 
that can arise from target-based incentive 
plans, are identified and mitigated;
 > Proportionality — the link between 

individual awards, the delivery of strategy 
and the long-term performance of the 
Group should be clear. Outcomes do not 
reward poor performance;

 > Alignment to culture — incentive 

schemes drive behaviours consistent with 
company purpose, values and strategy. 

On  an  ongoing  basis,  Board  members 
maintain a watching brief to identify relevant 
internal  and  external  candidates  who  may 
be suitable additions to or backup for current 
Board members. 

is 

for 

reviewing 

responsible 

Remuneration and audit committees
The  remuneration  committee  comprises 
David  Hall,  William  Fisher  and  Allan  Walker 
the 
and 
performance  of  the  Executive  Director  and 
senior  management  and  for  setting  the 
framework  and  broad  policy  for  the  scale 
and  structure  of  their  remuneration,  taking 
into  account  all  factors  which  it  shall  deem 
necessary.  The  remuneration  committee 
also  recommends  the  allocation  of  share 
options  for  the  Board  to  approve  and  is 
responsible for setting up any performance 
criteria in relation to the exercise of options 
granted  under  any  share  options  schemes 
adopted by the Group.

The  audit  committee,  comprising  Owen 
Bavinton,  David  Hall,  William  Fisher  and 
Allan  Walker,  has  primary  responsibility  for 
monitoring  the  quality  of  internal  controls, 
ensuring  that  the  financial  performance 
of  the  Group  is  properly  measured  and 
reported on and for reviewing reports from 
the Group’s auditors relating to the Group’s 
accounting and internal controls.

 
 
Corporate Governance Report

31

Internal controls
The Board recognises the importance of both financial and non-financial controls and has reviewed the Group’s control environment and any 
related shortfalls during the year. Since the Group was established, the Directors are satisfied that, given the current size and activities of the 
Group, adequate internal controls have been implemented. Whilst they are aware that no system can provide absolute assurance against 
material misstatement or loss, in light of the current activity and proposed future developments of the Group, continuing reviews of internal 
controls will be undertaken to ensure that they are adequate and effective.

Risk management
The Board considers risk assessment to be important in achieving its strategic objectives. The Board’s current assessment of the principle risks 
are set out in the Strategic Report and are monitored by the Board at their meetings. 

Securities trading
The Group has adopted a share dealing code for dealings in shares by Directors and senior employees which is appropriate for an AIM and 
TSX listed company. The Directors comply with relevant AIM and TSX rules relating to Directors’ dealings and take reasonable steps to ensure 
compliance by the Group’s applicable employees.

Relations with shareholders
The Board is committed to providing effective communication with the shareholders of the Group. Significant developments are disseminated 
through stock exchange announcements and regular updates on the Company website. The Board views the Annual General Meeting as a 
forum for communication between the Group and its shareholders and encourages their participation in its agenda. As part of the Group’s AGM 
Horizonte releases the results of the votes in a transparent fashion to all of the Group’s stakeholders.
In the occurrence where a significant proportion of votes (i.e. 20% and above) have been cast against a resolution at a general meeting, The 
Group will include an explanation of what actions it intends to take to understand the reasons behind that vote result, and, where appropriate, 
any different action it has taken, or will take, as a result.

Corporate Culture
The Board believes that the promotion of corporate culture based on sound ethical values and behaviours is essential to maximise shareholder 
value. Horizonte's company culture is consistent with the Group’s objectives, strategy and business model and is consistent with the Group’s 
objectives, strategy and business model. The Board regularly meets and monitors the business and its stakeholders to ensure the values and 
strategy, and satisfy itself that these and its culture are aligned. The Group’s directors act with integrity, lead by example and promote the 
desired culture.

Attendance at meetings during 2018
In carrying out its mandate, the Board met eight times during the year ended 31 December 2018. The following table sets out attendance by 
the directors of the Group during those eight meetings of the Board:

Board Meeting Date

David Hall

Jeremy Martin

Allan Walker

Alex Christopher

Owen Bavinton

William Fisher

30 January 2018

7 March 2018

8 May 2018

16 May 2018 (AGM)

7 August 2018

18 October 2018

7 November 2018

13 December 2018

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Present

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

 Yes

 Yes

 Yes

 Yes

 Yes

 Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

The audit committee met twice during the year to consider the Audit planning report and Audit completion
report presented by the auditors regarding the year end audit process. The year end audit findings were focussed
on the key areas identified during the planning process, the main items being:
 > Internal controls and management override
 > Carrying value and impairment of intangible exploration and evaluation assets
 > Assessment and recognition of contingent consideration
 > Going concern

The audit committee were in agreement with all the findings and recommendations.
The remuneration committee met twice during the year to consider the remuneration levels of the board and key
officers of the company, to consider and approve the basis of the long term incentive plan and to consider and
award options to key members of the team.

32 Independent Auditor’s Report

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members 
of Horizonte Minerals Plc

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Horizonte Minerals plc (the “parent company”) and its subsidiaries (“the group”)  for the 
year ended 31 December 2018 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated and company 
statements  of  financial  position,  the  consolidated  and  company  statements  of  changes  in  equity,  the  consolidated  and  company 
statements of cash flows and notes to the financial statements including a summary of significant accounting policies.  The financial 
reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  their  preparation  is  applicable  law  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(“IFRSs”) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the 
provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

In our opinion:
 > the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 

2018 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended;

 > the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union;
 > the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union 

and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and

 > the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Separate opinion in relation to IFRSs as issued by the IASB
As explained in note 2.1 to the group financial statements, the group in addition to complying with its legal obligation to apply IFRSs as 
adopted by the European Union, has also applied IFRSs as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

In  our  opinion  the  group  financial  statements  give  a  true  and  fair  view  of  the  consolidated  financial  position  of  the  group  as  at  31 
December 2018 and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance 
with IFRSs as issued by the IASB.

Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities 
under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our 
report. We are independent of the group and the parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our 
other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient 
and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Material uncertainty relating to going concern 
We draw attention to the disclosures made in note 2.4 to the financial statements concerning the group and parent company’s  
ability to continue as a going concern. The note explains that the group will need to raise further funds in the next twelve months in 
order to continue to operate and meet its liabilities as they fall due. These conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that 
may cast significant doubt on the group and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified 
in respect of this matter.

Given the conditions and uncertainties noted above we considered going concern to be a Key Audit Matter. We have performed the 
following work as part of our audit:

We critically challenged the directors’ forecasts to assess the group and parent company’s ability to meet their
financial obligations as they fall due for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial
statements and assessed and corroborated the key underlying assumptions, Including:
 > Assessing the reasonableness of forecast expenditure by reference to actual expenditures in 2018, the directors’ planned activities 
and the requirement to make a contractual payment of $1,850,000 in December 2019 for deferred consideration relating to the 
acquisition of the Vermelho asset.

 > Discussing with directors’ whether there are any other matters that may adversely impact upon their assessment of going concern.
 > Understanding the directors’ expectations regarding further fund raisings.

We reviewed the adequacy of the disclosures in the financial statements in respect of the material uncertainty.

Key audit matters
In addition to the matter described in the material uncertainty related to going concern section, key audit matters are those matters 
that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period and include 
the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the 
greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Independent Auditor’s Report

33

Carrying value of intangible assets and loans to subsidiaries

Key Audit Matter

Audit Response

See notes 4.1,10 and 25 for disclosures in respect of intangible assets and loans to subsidiaries. 
As detailed in note 2.5b, the group’s intangible assets represent the legal rights to explore for minerals together 
with the expenditure incurred in its exploration and evaluation of the mineral assets. 
As detailed in note 25 the loans to subsidiary companies represent the funding provided by the parent company 
to its Brazilian subsidiaries to use over the course of the exploration stage and is the main source of funding for 
the costs capitalised under intangible assets. 
Each year the directors are required to assess whether there has been any indication that the intangible assets 
may be impaired. The directors have carried out a review for indicators of impairment and have not identified any 
such indicators. 
The introduction of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments, for the year ended 31 December 2018 has required 
Management to make judgements in terms of the expected credit losses (impairment) attached to the loans to 
subsidiaries of £48.6m (2017:£48.9m) as well as their classification in the financial statements.
Reviewing indicators of impairment and assessment of carrying values often require significant estimates and judgements and 
therefore we identified this as a key audit matter.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to the following: 
We considered the directors’ assessment of the indicators of impairment (in accordance with accounting 
standards) and we confirmed that there is an ongoing plan to develop the licence areas. For Araguaia, which is 
carried on the balance sheet at 31 December 2018 at £34.2m this assessment is supported by the externally 
prepared feasibility study published in October 2018, which indicates a post-tax net present value of £401m 
at a discount rate of 8%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of approximately 20.1%. We have assessed the 
reasonableness of the 8% discount rate against third party comparators and re performed the calculation of the 
discount rate using source data. 
For the Vermelho project, which is carried on the balance sheet at 31 December 2018 at £1.3m we reviewed the 
updated resource statement for the project that has been prepared by the Group and obtained an understanding 
of the directors’ intentions to progress exploration and evaluation work on the project during 2019. 
We reviewed the correspondence, contracts and other documents regarding the licenses to confirm that the 
group has the relevant contractual rights for exploration in the stated areas for Araguaia and Vermelho. 
We also agreed the validity of licences held by the group to the Brazilian Government’s DNPM website.
We considered whether there were any additional matters requiring consideration when assessing the carrying 
value of the parent company’s loan to subsidiaries, in light of our knowledge and understanding of the business.
We reviewed the director’s assessment of the carrying value of intercompany loans and the terms of all 
intercompany loans, to check that they have been accounted for in accordance with those terms.
We assessed the key judgements made relating to the expected credit loss adjustment and the evidence 
available to support these judgements.  This included assessments of both value through development and sale.
We evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures in respect of the assessment of impairment indicators for the 
recorded intangible assets and the expected credit loss adjustment for the loans to subsidiary companies.

34

Independent Auditor’s Report

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members 
of Horizonte Minerals Plc Continued

Valuation of Contingent Consideration

Key Audit Matter

Audit Response

In prior years, the group acquired assets and licences relating to the Araguaia Nickel and Glencore Araguaia 
projects and the acquisition gave rise to contingent consideration. In early 2018 the group also completed its 
acquisition of the Vermelho project from Vale S.A. which included mineral rights for a new area separate from its 
current holdings. Details of this contingent consideration and the related critical judgements and estimates are 
disclosed in notes 17 and 4.2 
The assessment of the contingent consideration payable requires management to make judgements and 
estimates in respect of a significant number of factors which influence the anticipated timing and value of cash 
flows arising from the Araguaia and Vermelho nickel projects, which in turn impact on the assessment of the 
estimated consideration payable. 
The directors are also required to reassess and adjust the contingent consideration payable for any changes in 
the accounting estimates as new information and events arises.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to the following: 
We have reviewed the terms and conditions of the acquisition agreements relating to the contingent 
consideration amounts payable and checked that the calculation of contingent considerations 
is in accordance with them.
We have reviewed the contingent consideration calculations and key judgements and estimates made 
by management supporting these calculations. We have challenged the judgements and estimates, 
referring to supporting documentation and considered the sensitivity of the calculations to changes in the 
judgements and estimates.
We have also checked the accounting adjustments for any change in estimates, foreign exchange retranslation 
and the unwinding of the discount factor.
We have evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures of contingent consideration to ensure that they have 
adequately explain the key judgements and estimates made by the directors.

Our application of materiality
We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit and in evaluating the effect of misstatements. We consider 
materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including omissions, could influence the economic decisions of reasonable 
users that are taken on the basis of the financial statements.  In order to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that any 
misstatements exceed materiality, we use a lower materiality level, performance materiality, to determine the extent of testing needed. 
Importantly, misstatements below these levels will not necessarily be evaluated as immaterial as we also take account of the nature of 
identified misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on the financial statements 
as a whole. 

Our  basis  for  the  determination  of  materiality  has  remained  unchanged  from  prior  year.  We  consider  total  assets  to  be  the  most 
significant determinant of the group’s financial performance as the group is engaged in mineral exploration and evaluation activities and 
the principal focus of the users is likely to be the gross assets of the group. The benchmark percentage for calculating materiality has 
also remained unchanged from the prior year at 1.5%.  

Whilst  materiality  for  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  was  £630,000  (2017:£570,000),  each  significant  component  of  the 
group was audited to a lower level of materiality. The Parent Company’s materiality was set at £488,000 (2017:£456,000) and the 
materialities of the subsidiary components ranged from £488,000 to £61,000 (2017:£456,000 to £57,000). These materiality levels 
were used to determine the financial statement areas that are included within the scope of our audit work and the extent of sample 
sizes during the audit.

Performance materiality is the application of materiality at the individual account or balance level set at an amount to reduce to an 
appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality. 
Performance materiality was set at 75% (2017: 75%) of the above materiality levels.
We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the committee all individual audit differences identified during the course of 
our audit in excess of £30,500 (2016: £28,500). We also agreed to report differences below these thresholds that, in our view warranted 
reporting on qualitative grounds.

No revisions were made to materiality levels during the course of the audit.

Independent Auditor’s Report

35

An overview of the scope of our audit
Our group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the group and its environment, including the group’s system of internal 
control, and assessing the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements at the group level.

Whilst Horizonte Minerals Plc is a company registered in England & Wales and its head office is located in the UK the group’s principal 
operations are located in Brazil.  In approaching the audit, we considered how the group is organised and managed.  We assessed the 
activities of the group as being two nickel  projects, Araguaia and Vermehlo and primarily comprising a number of Brazilian subsidiary 
entities each holding capitalised exploration and evaluation costs and exploration licences and permits. The parent company was subject 
to a full scope audit.

The group audit team performed audit work in respect of the assessed risks. One subsidiary was assessed as significant due to size and 
risk and three subsidiaries were classified as significant due to specific risks. The group audit engagement team also engaged BDO’s 
network firm in Brazil to carry out specific audit procedures for these subsidiaries in respect of certain of the assessed risks.

The remaining non-significant subsidiaries of the group were principally subject to analytical review procedures.  

Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s 
report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other 
information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit  or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we 
are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
 > the information given in the strategic report and directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are 

prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

 > the strategic report and directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
 > adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received 

from branches not visited by us; or

 >  the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
 >  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
 >  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial 
statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary 
to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the 
directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

36 Independent Auditor’s Report

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members 
of Horizonte Minerals Plc Continued

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, 
but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial  Reporting  Council’s 
website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our 
audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in 
an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone 
other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Stuart Barnsdall (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, Statutory Auditor
London, UK
28 March 2019

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127).

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

37

Administrative expenses

Charge for share options granted

Changes in estimate for contingent and deferred consideration

Gain/(Loss) on foreign exchange

Operating loss

Finance income

Finance costs

Loss before taxation

Income tax

Year ended
31 December
2018
£

Year ended
31 December
2017 
£

(1,336,093)

(1,093,132)

(837,172)

139,392

186,206

(678,652)

621,545

(299,834)

(1,847,667)

(1,450,073)

89,446

15,854

(181,442)

(232,937)

(1,939,663)

(1,667,156)

—

—

Notes

17

6

8

8

9

Loss for the year from continuing operations attributable to owners of the parent

(1,939,663)

(1,667,156)

Other comprehensive income

Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

Currency translation differences on translating foreign operations

16

(3,028,006)

(3,479,050)

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax

Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to owners of the parent

Profit/(Loss) per share from continuing operations attributable to owners of the parent

(3,028,006)

(3,479,050)

(4,967,669)

(5,146,206)

Basic and diluted (pence per share)

19

(0.136)

(0.142)

The above Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

38

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
Company number: 05676866
As at 31 December 2018

Assets

Non-current assets

Intangible assets

Property, plant & equipment

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Share capital

Share premium

Other reserves

Retained losses

Total equity

Liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Contingent consideration

Deferred tax liabilities

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Deferred Consideration

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

31 December
2018
£

31 December
2017
£

Notes

10

35,737,902

34,308,278

1,186

2,051

35,739,088

34,310,329

24,243

153,105

12

6,527,115

9,403,825

6,551,358

9,556,930

42,290,446

43,867,259

13

14

16

14,325,218

13,719,343

41,664,018

40,422,258

(2,039,991)

988,015

(16,990,290)

(15,887,801)

36,958,955

39,241,815

17

9

17

17

3,461,833

3,635,955

228,691

253,205

3,690,524

3,889,160

280,175

736,284

1,360,792

1,640,967

-

736,284

5,331,491

4,625,444

42,290,446

43,867,259

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

The Financial Statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 28 March 2019 and were signed on its behalf.

David J Hall
Chairman

Jeremy J Martin
Chief Executive Officer

Company Statement of Financial Position
Company number: 05676866
As at 31 December 2018

Non-Current Assets

Property, plant & equipment

Investment in subsidiaries

Loans to Subsidiaries

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity and liabilities

Equity attributable to equity shareholders

Share capital

Share premium

Merger reserve

Retained losses

Total equity

Liabilities

Non-current liabilities

Contingent consideration

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Deferred Consideration

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Company Statement of Financial Position

39

Notes

11

24

25

31 December
2018
£

31 December
2017
£

—

—

2,348,042

2,348,042

49,478,251

48,890,013

51,826,293

51,238,055

19,388

41,773

12

5,487,339

9,238,827

5,506,727

9,280,600

57,333,020

60,518,655

13

14

16

14,325,218

13,719,343

41,664,018

40,422,258

10,888,760

10,888,760

(14,852,732)

(8,960,902)

52,025,264

56,069,459

   17

3,461,833

3,461,833

3,635,955

3,635,955

17

17

485,131

813,241

1,360,792

1,845,923

5,307,756

—

813,241

4,449,196

57,333,020

60,518,655

The above Company Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes, loss for the period 
was £1,782,260 (2017:£ 275,945). As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the statement of comprehensive income 
of the Parent Company is not presented as part of these Financial Statements. 

The Financial Statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 28 March 2019 and were signed on its behalf.

David J Hall
Chairman

Jeremy J Martin
Chief Executive Officer

40

Statements of Changes in Equity

Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Consolidated

As at 1 January 2017
Loss for the year

Other comprehensive income:

Currency translation differences on translating foreign 
operations
Total comprehensive income for the year
Issue of ordinary shares
Issue costs
Share-based payments
Total transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity
As at 31 December 2017
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive income:
Currency translation differences on translating foreign 
operations
Total comprehensive income for the year
Issue of ordinary shares
Issue costs
Share-based payments
Total transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity
As at 31 December 2018
A breakdown of other reserves is provided in note 16.

Attributable to owners of the parent

Share
capital
£

Share
premium
£

Retained
losses
£

Other
reserves
£

Total
£

11,719,343
—

35,767,344

(14,899,297)
— (1,667,156)

4,467,064

37,054,454
— (1,667,156)

—

—

—

— (3,479,050)

(3,479,050)

— (1,667,156)

(3,479,050)

(5,146,206)

2,000,000

5,000,000

— (345,086)

—

—

2,000,000

4,654,914

—

—

678,652

678,652

— 7,000,000

—

—

(345,086)

678,652

— 7,333,566

13,719,343

40,422,258

(15,887,801)

988,015

39,241,815

—

—

—

— (1,939,663)

— (1,939,663)

—

— (3,028,006)

(3,028,006)

— (1,939,663)

(3,028,006)

(4,967,669)

605,875

1,451,724

—

—

2,057,599

— (209,964)

—

—

605,875 1,241,760
41,664,018

14,325,218

—
837,172
837,172
(16,990,290)

—

(209,964)
—
837,172
— 2,684,807
36,958,955

(2,039,991)

Company

As at 1 January 2017
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year
Issue of ordinary shares
Issue costs
Share-based payments
Total transactions with owners, recognised directly in 
equity
As at 31 December 2017 (previously stated)
Changes in Accounting policy- IFRS 9
As at 1 January 2018
Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year
Issue of ordinary shares
Issue costs
Share-based payments
Total transactions with owners, recognised 
directly in equity
As at 31 December 2018

Attributable to equity shareholders

Share
capital
£

Share
premium
£

Retained
losses
£

Merger
reserves
£

Total
£

11,719,343
—
2,000,000

35,767,344
—
5,000,000
— (345,086)
—
—
4,654,914
2,000,000

(9,915,498)
275,945
—
—
678,652
678,652

10,888,760
—
—
—
—
—

48,459,949
275,945
7,000,000
(345,086)
678,652
7,333,566

40,422,258

40,422,258

13,719,343
—
13,719,343
—
605,875

1,451,724
— (209,964)
—
—
1,241,760
605,875

(8,960,901)
— (4,946,743)
(13,907,644)
— (1,782,260)
—
—
837,172
837,172

10,888,760

10,888,760

56,069,460
— (4,946,743) 
(51,122,717)
— (1,782,260)
2,057,599
—
(209,964)
—
837,172
—
2,684,807
—

14,325,218

41,664,018

(14,852,732)

10,888,760

52,025,264

A breakdown of the Changes in Accounting policy-IFRS 9 adjustment is provided in note 25. 

The above Statements of Changes in Equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

41

Cash flows from operating activities

Loss before taxation

Finance income

Finance costs

Charge for share options granted

Exchange differences

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Depreciation

Operating loss before changes in working capital

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables

Net cash used in operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of exploration and evaluation assets

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Interest received

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares

Issue costs

Net cash generated from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Exchange gain/(loss) on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

31 December
2018
£

31 December
2017
£

Notes

(1,939,663)

(1,667,156)

(89,446)

181,442

837,172

(313,049)

(139,392)

—

(15,854)

232,937

678,652

(117,606)

(621,545)

283

(1,462,136)

(1,510,298)

128,862

(117,612)

(456,109)

344,298

(1,790,183)

(1,283,612)

(3,221,062)

(5,102,852)

—

89,446

(2,236)

15,854

(3,131,616)

(5,089,234)

2,057,599

7,000,000

(209,965)

(241,276)

1,847,634

6,758,724

(3,074,164)

385,878

9,403,825

9,317,781

197,454

(299,834)

12

6,527,115

9,403,825

The above Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

42

Company Statement of Cash Flows

Company Statement of Cash Flows
For year ended 31 December 2018

Cash flows from operating activities

Loss before taxation

IFRS 9 Expected credit loss

Finance income

Finance costs

Charge for share options granted

Exchange differences

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Depreciation

Operating profit before changes in working capital

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables

(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables

Net cash flows generated from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Loans to subsidiary undertakings

Interest received

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares

Issue costs

Net cash generated from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Exchange gain/(loss) on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

31 December
2018
£

31 December
2017
£

Notes

(1,782,260)

275,945

1,939,745

(74,909)

181,442

837,172

(40,661)

(139,392)

—

921,137

22,446

(328,111)

(615,472)

(13,882)

232,937

678,652

(255,717)

(621,545)

283

296,673

(6,351)

66,186

356,508

(6,475,397)

(6,821,063)

74,909

13,881

(6,400,488)

(6,807,182)

2,057,599

7,000,000

(209,965)

(241,276)

1,847,634

6,758,724

(3,937,382)

308,050

185,954

(213,215)

9,238,827

9,143,993

12

5,487,399

9,238,827

The above Company Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Notes to the Financial Statements

43

Notes to the Financial Statements

1 General information
The  principal  activity  of  Horizonte  Minerals  Plc  (“the  Company”)  and  its  subsidiaries  (together  “the  Group”)  is  the  exploration  and 
development of base metals. The Company’s shares are listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange and on the Toronto 
Stock Exchange. The Company is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of its registered office is Rex House, 
4-12 Regents Street, London, SW1Y 4RG.

2 Summary of significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these Financial Statements are set out below. These policies have been 
consistently applied to all the years presented.

2.1 Basis of preparation
These  Financial  Statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRSs”)  and  IFRS 
interpretations Committee (“IFRS IC”) interpretations as adopted by the European Union (“EU”) and with IFRS and their Interpretations 
issued  by  the  IASB.    The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  also  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  and  those  parts  of  the 
Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The Financial Statements have been prepared under the historical 
cost convention as modified by the revaluation of share based payment charges which are assessed annually. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires 
management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s Accounting Policies. The areas involving a higher degree of 
judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the Financial Statements, are disclosed in Note 4.

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures

a) New and amended standards adopted by the Group 
IFRS 9 “Financial Instruments” has replaced IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition  and Measurement” (IAS 39), and has had a 
significant effect on the Group in the following areas: 

The group applied the expected credit loss model when calculating impairment losses on its financial assets measured at amortised 
costs (trade receivables and loans due from related parties). This resulted in increased impairment provisions and greater judgement 
due to the need to factor in forward looking information when estimating the appropriate amount of provisions. In applying IFRS 9 the 
group considered the probability of a default occurring over the life of its loans and asset balances on initial recognition of those assets. 
Under the existing incurred loss model, no historical loss rate has typically been recognised. Under the new model an impairment loss 
of £6,886,488 has been recognised in the Company in respect of intercompany loans. See note 25 for a discussion on the adjustment 
passed concerning the impairment loss.

The group has chosen not to restate comparatives on adoption of IFRS 9 and, therefore, these changes have been processed at the date 
of initial application (i.e. 1 January 2018), and presented in the statement of changes in equity.

IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” does not have a material impact on the Group at this stage of the Group’s operations 
as the group is not generating any revenue.

b) New and amended standards, and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the financial year beginning 1 January 2018 and not 
early adopted

Standards effective in future periods
Certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards have been published that are relevant to the group’s 
activities and are mandatory for the group in accounting periods beginning after 1 January 2019 or later periods, and which the group 
has decided not to adopt early. 

44

Notes to the Financial Statements

These include:

New Standards

IFRS 16
IFRS 17

Leases
Insurance contracts

Amendments to existing standards

IFRIC 23
IFRS 9
IAS 28

IAS 19

IFRS 3

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments
Amendments to IFRS 9: Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation
Amendments to IAS 28: Long-term interests in Associates and Joint Ventures1
Annual Improvements to IFRSs (2015-2017 Cycle)
Amendments to IAS 19: Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement
Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards
Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations — Definition of a Business
Definition of Material — Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8

Effective period commencing on or after

1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2021

1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2019
1 Jan 2020
1 Jan 2020
1 Jan 2020

The directors do not expect that the adoption of the Standards listed above will have a material impact on the financial statements of 
the Group in future periods.

IFRS 16 “Leases” does not have a material impact on the Group at this stage of the Group’s operations. The only leases that it holds 
relate to a short-term lease held for office space in both the United Kingdom and its office in Brazil.  These total approximately £80,000 
per year and are renewed for a maximum of 12 months at a time.

2.3 Basis of consolidation and business acquisitions
Horizonte Minerals Plc was incorporated on 16 January 2006. On 23 March 2006 Horizonte Minerals Plc acquired the entire issued share 
capital of Horizonte Exploration Limited (HEL) by way of a share for share exchange. The transaction was treated as a group reconstruction 
and was accounted for using the merger accounting method as the entities were under common control before and after the acquisition.

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from 
its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. 

The Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:
 > The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee.
 > Rights arising from other contractual arrangements.
 > The Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights.

Consolidation  of  a  subsidiary  begins  when  the  Group  obtains  control  over  the  subsidiary  and  ceases  when  the  Group  loses  control 
of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

Other than for the acquisition of HEL as noted above, the Group uses the acquisition method of accounting to account for business 
combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair value of the assets transferred, the liabilities 
incurred  and  the  equity  interests  issued  by  the  Group.  The  consideration  transferred  includes  the  fair  value  of  any  asset  or  liability 
resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed 
in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as 
incurred unless they result from the issuance of shares, in which case they are offset against the premium on those shares within equity.

If an acquisition is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree 
is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date through profit or loss.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Group is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to 
the fair value of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or a liability is recognised in accordance with IFRS9 either 
in profit or loss or as a change in other comprehensive income. The unwinding of the discount on contingent consideration liabilities 
is recognised as a finance charge within profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured, and its 
subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

The excess of the consideration transferred and the acquisition date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the 
fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If this is less than the fair value of the net 
assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in profit or loss.

Notes to the Financial Statements

45

Inter-company  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  Group  companies  are  eliminated.  Accounting 
policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with policies adopted by the Group.

Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment.
The following 100% owned subsidiaries have been included within the consolidated Financial Statements:

Subsidiary undertaking

Held

Registered Address

Horizonte Exploration Ltd

Directly

Rex House, 4-12 Regents Street, London SW1Y 4RG

Country of 
incorporation

England

Horizonte Minerals (IOM) Ltd

Indirectly Devonshire House, 15 St Georges St, Douglas, Isle of 

Isle of Man

Man, 

HM Brazil (IOM) Ltd

Indirectly Devonshire House, 15 St Georges St, Douglas, Isle of 

Isle of Man

Man, 

Cluny (IOM) Ltd

Indirectly Devonshire House, 15 St Georges St, Douglas, Isle of 

Isle of Man

Man, 

Champol (IOM) ltd

Indirectly Devonshire House, 15 St Georges St, Douglas, Isle of 

Isle of Man

Man, 

Horizonte Nickel (IOM) Ltd

Indirectly Devonshire House, 15 St Georges St, Douglas, Isle of 

Isle of Man

HM do Brasil Ltda

Indirectly CNPJ 07.819.038/0001-30 com sede na Avenida 

Man, 

Amazonas, 2904, loja 511, Bairro Prado, Belo 
Horizonte – MG. CEP: 30.411-186

Araguaia Niquel Metias Ltda

Indirectly CNPJ 97.515.035/0001-03 com sede na Avenida 

Amazonas, 2904, loja 511, Bairro Prado, Belo 
Horizonte – MG. CEP: 30.411-186

Lontra Empreendimentos e  
Participações Ltda

Typhon Brasil Mineração Ltda

Indirectly CNPJ 11.928.960/0001-32 com sede na Avenida 

Amazonas, 2904, loja 511, Bairro Prado, Belo 
Horizonte – MG. CEP: 30.411-186
Indirectly CNPJ 23.282.640/0001-37 com sede Alameda 

Brazil

Brazil

Brazil

Brazil

Trias Brasil Mineração Ltda

Ezequiel Dias, n. 427, 2º andar, bairro Funcionários, 
Município de Belo Horizonte, Estado de Minas Gerais, 
CEP 30.130-110.

Indirectly CNPJ 23.282.280/0001-73 com sede na Alameda 
Ezequiel Dias, n. 427, 2º andar, bairro Funcionários, 
Município de Belo Horizonte, Estado de Minas Gerais, 
CEP 30.130-110

Nature of 
business

Mineral 
Exploration
Holding 
company
Holding 
company
Holding 
company
Holding 
company
Holding 
company
Mineral 
Exploration

Mineral 
Exploration

Mineral 
Exploration

Mineral 
Exploration

Brazil

Mineral 
Exploration

2.3 (b) Subsidiaries and Acquisitions
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the Company (its 
subsidiaries) made up to 31 December each year. Control is recognised where an investor is expected, or has rights, to variable returns 
from its investment with the investee, and has the ability to affect these returns through its power over the investee. Based on the 
circumstances of the acquisition an assessment will be made as to whether the acquisition represents an acquisition of an asset or the 
acquisition of asset. In the event of a business acquisition, the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary are measured 
at their fair value at the date of acquisition.  Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair values of the identifiable net assets 
acquired is recognised as a “fair value” adjustment.  

If the cost of the acquisition is less than the fair value of net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly in 
profit or loss. In the event of an asset acquisition assets and liabilities are assigned a carrying amount based on relative fair value.

The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the statement of comprehensive income from the 
effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate.

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies into line with those 
used by the Group.

Contingent consideration as a result of business acquisitions is included in cost at its acquisition date assessed  value and, in the case of 
contingent consideration classified as a financial liability, remeasured subsequently through the profit and loss. 

46

Notes to the Financial Statements

2.4 Going concern
The Group’s business activities together with the factors likely to affect its future development, performance and position are set out 
in the Chairman’s Statement on pages 4 and 5; in addition note 3 to the Financial Statements includes the Group’s objectives, policies 
and processes for managing its capital; its financial risk management objectives; details of its financial instruments and its exposure to 
credit and liquidity risk.

The Group’s assets are not generating revenues and an operating loss has been reported for the year. The Group is expected to remain 
loss making until it enters into production, which is conditional upon sufficient funding being obtained by the company in order to enter 
into commercial production at one of its projects. The Directors have reviewed cash flow forecasts for the period to the end of 2020 
and believe that the Group will need to raise further funds in the next twelve months for corporate overheads and committed project 
acquisition costs, which include consideration of $1,850,000 payable in December 2019 for the acquisition of Vermelho.

The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has the ability to raise additional funds required in order to continue in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future and they therefore continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing 
these Financial Statements. However, given the uncertainty surrounding the ability and likely timing of securing such investment finance 
the Directors are of the opinion that there exists a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Group and Parent 
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group 
and Parent Company were unable to continue as a going concern. 

2.5 Intangible Assets

(a) Goodwill
Goodwill  represents  the  excess  of  the  cost  of  an  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of  the  Group’s  share  of  the  net  identifiable  assets, 
liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of subsidiaries 
is included in “intangible assets”. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. 
Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill 
relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating 
units  or  groups  of  cash-generating  units  that  are  expected  to  benefit  from  the  business  combination  in  which  the  goodwill  arose, 
identified according to operating segment.

(b) Exploration and evaluation assets
The Group capitalises expenditure in relation to exploration and evaluation of mineral assets when the legal rights are obtained and are 
initially valued and subsequently carried at cost less any subsequent impairment. Expenditure included in the initial measurement of 
exploration and evaluation assets and which are classified as intangible assets relate to the acquisition of rights to explore, topographical, 
geological,  geochemical  and  geophysical  studies,  exploratory  drilling,  trenching,  sampling  and  activities  to  evaluate  the  technical 
feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource. 

Exploration and evaluation assets arising on business combinations are included at their acquisition-date fair value in accordance with 
IFRS 3 (revised) “Business combinations”. Other exploration and evaluation assets and all subsequent expenditure on assets acquired as 
part of a business combination are recorded and held at cost.

Exploration  and  evaluation  assets  are  assessed  for  impairment  when  facts  and  circumstances  suggest  that  the  carrying  amount  of 
an asset may exceed its recoverable amount. The assessment is carried out by allocating exploration and evaluation assets to cash 
generating units, which are based on specific projects or geographical areas. 

Impairment reviews for deferred exploration and evaluation expenditure are carried out on a project by project basis, with each project 
representing a potential single cash generating unit. In accordance with the requirements of IFRS 6, an impairment review is undertaken 
when indicators of impairment arise such as: 

(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
(iv) 
(v) 

unexpected geological occurrences that render the resource uneconomic;
title to the asset is compromised;
variations in mineral prices that render the project uneconomic;
substantive expenditure on further exploration and evaluation of mineral resources is neither budgeted nor planned; and
the period for which the Group has the right to explore has expired and is not expected to be renewed.

See note 2.7 for impairment review process if impairment indicators are identified.

Whenever  the  exploration  for  and  evaluation  of  mineral  resources  does  not  lead  to  the  discovery  of  commercially  viable  quantities 
of mineral resources or the Group has decided to discontinue such activities of that unit, the associated expenditures are written off 
to profit or loss. Whenever a commercial discovery is the direct result of the exploration and evaluation assets, upon the decision to 
proceed with development of the asset and initial funding arrangements are in place the costs shall be transferred to tangible assets.  

Notes to the Financial Statements

47

(c)  Acquisitions of Mineral Exploration Licences
Acquisitions  of  Mineral  Exploration  Licences  through  acquisition  of  non-operational  corporate  structures  that  do  not  represent  a 
business, and therefore do  not meet the  definition of a business combination, are accounted for as the acquisition of an asset and 
recognised at the fair value of the consideration. Related future consideration if contingent is recognised if it is considered that it is 
probable that it will be paid.

(d)  Restoration, Rehabilitation and Environmental Provisions 
Management uses its judgement and experience to provide for and amortise the estimated mine closure and site rehabilitation over 
the life of the mine. Provisions are discounted at a risk-free rate and cost base inflated at an appropriate rate. The ultimate closure 
and site rehabilitation costs are uncertain and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors including changes to relevant legal 
requirements or the emergence of new restoration techniques. The expected timing and extent of expenditure can also change, for 
example in response to changes in ore reserves or processing levels. As a result, there could be significant adjustments to the provisions 
established which could affect future financial results. Currently there is no provision as all restoration and rehabilitation for exploration 
activities  undertaken  to  date  in  line  with  the  agreements  for  access  to  land.  Once  construction  and  mining  operations  commence 
however this is anticipated to become more significant. 

2.6 Property, plant and equipment
All property, plant and equipment is stated at historic cost less accumulated depreciation. Historic cost includes expenditure that is 
directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable 
that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All 
repairs and maintenance costs are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis so as to write off the cost of assets, over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-
line method, on the following bases:

Office equipment

Vehicles and other field equipment

25%

25% – 33%

The asset’s residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. 

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the assets carrying amount is greater than its 
estimated recoverable amount.

2.7 Impairment of non-financial assets
Assets  that  have  an  indefinite  useful  life,  such  as  goodwill  are  not  subject  to  amortisation  and  are  tested  annually  for  impairment. 
Exploration  assets  and  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances 
indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying 
amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. 
For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows 
(cash generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the 
impairment at each reporting date.

2.8 Foreign currency translation
(a) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the Financial Statements of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment 
in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The functional currency of the UK and Isle of Man entities is Pounds Sterling 
and the functional currency of the Brazilian entities is Brazilian Real. The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Pounds 
Sterling, rounded to the nearest pound, which is the Company’s functional and Group’s presentation currency.

(b) Transactions and balances
Foreign  currency  transactions  are  translated  into  the  functional  currency  using  the  exchange  rates  prevailing  at  the  dates  of  the 
transactions or valuation where such items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such 
transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies 
are recognised in profit or loss.

48

Notes to the Financial Statements

(c) Group companies
The results and financial position of all the Group’s entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a 
functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

1. 

assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that 
statement of financial position; 

2.  each component of profit or loss is translated at average exchange rates during the accounting period (unless this average is not 

a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and 
expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and 
 all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. 

3. 

On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in foreign entities, and of monetary items 
receivable from foreign subsidiaries for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future are taken to 
other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognised in profit or loss as part of the 
gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign entity 
and retranslated at the end of each reporting period. 

2.9 Financial instruments
Financial instruments are measured as set out below.  Financial instruments carried on the statement of financial position include cash 
and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables and loans to group companies.

Financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value when the group becomes a party to their contractual arrangements. Transaction 
costs directly attributable to the instrument’s acquisition or issue are included in the initial measurement of financial assets and financial 
liabilities,  except  financial  instruments  classified  as  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  (“FVTPL”).  The  subsequent  measurement  of 
financial instruments is dealt with below.

Financial assets
On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as: 
 > Amortised cost;
 > Fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) — equity instruments; or 
 > FVTPL.

The group does not currently have any financial assets classified as FVTOCI or FVTPL.

Amortised cost 
Financial assets that arise principally from assets where the objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows 
and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction 
costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  their  acquisition  or  issue,  and  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective 
interest rate method, less provision for impairment.

Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains or losses, together with 
foreign exchange gains or losses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the statement of profit or loss. A gain or loss 
on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at FVTPL is recognised in profit or loss and presented net within other gains or 
losses in the period in which it arises. On derecognition of a financial asset, the difference between the proceeds received or receivable 
and the carrying amount of the asset is included in profit or loss.

Financial assets at amortised cost consist of trade receivables and other receivables (excluding taxes), cash and cash equivalents, and 
related party intercompany loans 

Impairment provisions for receivables and loans to related parties are recognised based on a forward looking expected credit loss model. 
The methodology used to determine the amount of the provision is based on whether there has been a significant increase in credit 
risk since initial recognition of the financial asset. For those where the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition 
of the financial asset, twelve month expected credit losses along with gross interest income are recognised. For those for which credit 
risk has increased significantly, lifetime expected credit losses along with the gross interest income are recognised. For those that are 
determined to be credit impaired, lifetime expected credit losses along with interest income on a net basis are recognised.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are carried in the statement of financial position at cost.  For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash 
and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with a maturity 

 
Notes to the Financial Statements

49

of three months or less at the date of purchase and bank overdrafts.  In the statement of financial position, bank overdrafts are included 
in borrowings in current liabilities.

Financial liabilities
The Group classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose for which the liability was acquired.

Fair value through profit or loss
The group does not currently have any financial liabilities carried at Fair value through Profit and loss.

Other financial liabilities
Accounts payable and other short term monetary liabilities, are initially recognised at fair value, which equates to the transaction price, 
and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.10 Taxation
The tax credit or expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement, except to the 
extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in 
other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

The charge for current tax is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period 
in  the  countries  where  the  company  and  its  subsidiaries  operate  and  generate  taxable  income.  Management  periodically  evaluates 
positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes 
provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred tax is accounted for using the liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying 
amount of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. 
However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax is not accounted 
for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the 
transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  all  taxable  temporary  differences  and  deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent 
that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.  Deferred  tax 
assets are recognised on tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable 
profits is probable.

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  associates,  and 
interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that 
the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax 
liabilities and when the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable 
entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the Statement of Financial 
Position date and are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

2.11 Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares or options are shown 
in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

2.12 Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. 
Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current 
liabilities.

Trade payables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.13 Operating leases
Leases  of  assets  under  which  a  significant  amount  of  the  risks  and  benefits  of  ownership  are  effectively  retained  by  the  lessor  are 
classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are charged to the Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the period 
of the respective leases.

50

Notes to the Financial Statements

2.14 Share-based payments and incentives
The  Group  operates  equity-settled,  share-based  compensation  plans,  under  which  the  entity  receives  services  from  employees  as 
consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Group. The fair value of employee services received in exchange for the grant of 
share options are recognised as an expense. The total expense to be apportioned over the vesting period is determined by reference to 
the fair value of the options granted:
 > including any market performance conditions; 
 > excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions; and 
 > including the impact of any non-vesting conditions.

Non-market performance and service conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. 
The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be 
satisfied. At the end of each reporting period the Group revises its estimate of the number of options that are expected to vest.

It recognises the impact of the revision of original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

When options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs 
are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium.

The fair value of goods or services received in exchange for shares is recognised as an expense.

2.15 Segment reporting
Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  the 
Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”).

2.16 Finance income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method, taking into account the principal amounts outstanding and the interest 
rates applicable.

2.17 Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an 
outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount can be reliably estimated.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision 
due to passage of time is recognised as finance cost.

Contingent liabilities are potential obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence 
of  one  or  more  uncertain  future  events  that,  however,  are  beyond  the  control  of  the  Group.  Furthermore,  present  obligations  may 
constitute contingent liabilities if it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, or a sufficiently 
reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation cannot be made.

The company has contingent consideration arising in respect of mineral asset acquisitions.

Trade and other payables
Accounts payable and other short term monetary liabilities, are initially recognised at fair value, which equates to the transaction price, 
and subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

3 Financial risk management

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:
 > Credit risk
 > Interest rate risk
 > Foreign exchange risk
 > Other market price risk, and
 > Liquidity risk.

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes 
the Group's objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative 
information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements. There have been no substantive changes in 
the Group's exposure to financial instrument risks, its objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used 
to measure them from previous periods unless otherwise stated in this note.

(i) Principal financial instruments

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:
 > Trade and other receivables
 > Cash and cash equivalents
 > Trade and other payables

Notes to the Financial Statements

51

3.1 Financial risk factors
The main financial risks to which the Group’s activities are exposed are liquidity and fluctuations on foreign currency. The Group’s overall 
risk management programme focusses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on 
the Group’s financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by the Board of Directors under policies approved at the quarterly Board meetings. The Board frequently 
discusses principles for overall risk management including policies for specific areas such as foreign exchange.

(a) Liquidity risks
In keeping with similar sized mineral exploration groups, the Group’s continued future operations depend on the ability to raise sufficient 
working capital through the issue of equity share capital. The Group monitors its cash and future funding requirements through the use 
of cash flow forecasts.

All cash, with the exception of that required for immediate working capital requirements, is held on short-term deposit.

(b) Foreign currency risks
The  Group  operates  internationally  and  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  arising  from  various  currency  exposures,  primarily  with 
respect to the Brazilian Real, US Dollar and the Pound Sterling. 

Foreign  exchange  risk  arises  from  future  commercial  transactions,  recognised  assets  and  liabilities  and  net  investments  in  foreign 
operations that are denominated in a foreign currency. The Group holds a proportion of its cash in US Dollars and Brazilian Reals to hedge 
its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and recognises the profits and losses resulting from currency fluctuations as and when they 
arise. The volume of transactions is not deemed sufficient to enter into forward contracts.

At 31 December 2018, if the Brazilian Real had weakened/strengthened by 20% against Pound Sterling with all other variables held 
constant, post tax loss for the year would have been approximately £45,059 lower/higher mainly as a result of foreign exchange losses/
gains on translation of Brazilian Real expenditure and denominated bank balances. If the USD:GBP rate had increased by 5% the effect 
would be £34,024. As of 31 December 2018 the Group's net exposure to foreign exchange risk was as follows:

Currency of net
Financial assets/liabilities
GBP
USD
BRL
CAD
Total net exposure

Functional Currency

GBP
2018

£

GBP 
2017

£

5,345,884
(4,928,732)
—
88,326
505,478

8,026,182
(3,426,561)
—
706,298
5,305,919

BRL 
2018

£

—
—
768,958
—
768,958

BRL
2017

£

Total 
2018

£

Total
2017

£

— 5,345,884
(4,928,732)
768,958
88,326
1,274,435

111,261
(58,367)
—
52,894

8,026,182
(3,315,299)
(58,367)
706,298
5,358,814

(c) Interest rate risk
As the Group has no borrowings, it is not exposed to interest rate risk on financial liabilities. The Group’s interest rate risk arises from 
its cash held on short-term deposit for which the Directors use a mixture of fixed and variable rate deposits. As a result, fluctuations in 
interest rates are not expected to have a significant impact on profit or loss or equity.

(d) Price risk
Given  the  size  and  stage  of  the  Group’s  operations,  the  costs  of  managing  exposure  to  commodity  price  risk  exceed  any  potential 
benefits. The Directors will revisit the appropriateness of this policy should the Group’s operations change in size or nature. 

(e) Credit risk
Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and outstanding receivables. The Group maintains cash and short-term deposits with 
a variety of credit worthy financial institutions and considers the credit ratings of these institutions before investing in order to mitigate 
against the associated credit risk. 

The Company’s exposure to credit risk amounted to £54,106,065 (2017: £58,128,840). Of this amount £48,618,726 (2017: £48,890,013) 
is due from subsidiary companies, £5,487,339 represents cash holdings (2017: £9,238,827). See note 25 for adjustments for provisions 
for expected credit losses.

52

Notes to the Financial Statements

3.2 Capital risk management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, in order to provide 
returns for shareholders and to enable the Group to continue its exploration and evaluation activities. The Group has no debt at 31 
December 2018 and defines capital based on the total equity of the Group. The Group monitors its level of cash resources available 
against future planned exploration and evaluation activities and may issue new shares in order to raise further funds from time to time.

As indicated above, the Group holds cash reserves on deposit at several banks and in different currencies until they are required and in 
order to match where possible with the corresponding liabilities in that currency.

3.3 Fair value estimation
The carrying values of trade receivables and payables are assumed to be approximate to their fair values, due to their short-term nature. 
The value of contingent consideration is estimated by discounting the future expected contractual cash flows at the Group’s current cost 
of capital of 7% based on the interest rate available to the Group for a similar financial instrument.

4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements
The  preparation  of  the  Financial  Statements  in  conformity  with  IFRSs  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  assumptions 
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the end of the reporting 
period  and  the  reported  amount  of  expenses  during  the  year.  Actual  results  may  vary  from  the  estimates  used  to  produce  these 
Financial Statements.

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of 
future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Significant items subject to such judgements and estimates include, but are not limited to: 

Estimates
Company – Application of the expected credit loss model prescribed by IFRS 9
The  new  standard  IFRS  9  requires  the  Parent  company  to  make  assumptions  when  implementing  the  forward-looking  expected 
credit  loss  model.  This  model  is  required  to  be  used  to  assess  the  intercompany  loan  receivables  from  the  company’s  Brazilian 
subsidiaries for impairment.

Arriving  at  the  expected  credit  loss  allowance  involved  considering  different  scenarios  for  the  recovery  of  the  intercompany  loan 
receivables,  the  possible  credit  losses  that  could  arise  and  the  probabilities  for  these  scenarios.  The  following  was  considered;  the 
exploration project risk for Vermelho, positive NPV of the Araguaia projects as demonstrated by the Feasibility Study, ability to raise 
the finance to develop the projects, ability to sell the projects, market and technical risks relating to the project, participation of the 
subsidiaries in the Araguaia projects. See note 25 for a discussion on the adjustment passed concerning the impairment loss.

Judgements

4.1 Impairment of exploration and evaluation costs
Exploration and evaluation costs have a carrying value at 31 December 2018 of £35,511,145 (2017: £34,057,215). Each exploration 
project  is  subject  to  an  annual  review  by  either  a  consultant  or  senior  company  geologist  to  determine  if  the  exploration  results 
returned to date warrant further exploration expenditure and have the potential to result in an economic discovery. This review takes 
into consideration long-term metal prices, anticipated resource volumes and grades, permitting and infrastructure. In the event that a 
project does not represent an economic exploration target and results indicate there is no additional upside, a decision will be made to 
discontinue exploration. The judgement exercised by management relates to whether there is perceived to be an indicator of impairment 
and that management have concluded that there is not, due to the recovery in the Nickel prices, favourable economics of the Feasibility 
Study as well as ongoing support from the equity markets to advance the project by way of closing a fund raise at the beginning of 2018. 

4.2 Contingent and deferred consideration
Contingent consideration has a carrying value of £3,461,833, at 31 December 2018 (2017: £3,635,955). Deferred consideration has a 
carrying value of £1,360,792 at 31 December 2018 (2017: Nil). There are two contingent and deferred consideration arrangements in 
place as at 31 December 2018:

Xstrata – Araguaia 
 > A contingent consideration arrangement that requires the Group to pay Xstrata Brasil Mineração Ltda consideration after the date 

of issuance of a Feasibility Study (“FS”) comprising the Araguaia project and the Vale dos Sonhos (“VdS”) (US$330,000) and Serra do 
Tapa (“SdT”) (US$670,000) project areas (“GAP”) (together the “Enlarged Project”), to be satisfied in shares in the Company (at the 5 
day volume weighted average price taken on the tenth business day after the date of such  issuance) or cash, at the election of the 
Company. The VdS project area was included in the FS published in October 2018 and this deferred consideration was satisfied by 
the issue of shares in the Company in January 2019, the SdT deposit is not currently included in the Araguaia project development 
plan as so contingent consideration has been derecognized in respect of this amount; and

 > Remaining consideration of US$5,000,000 to be paid in cash, as at the date of first commercial production from any of the 
resource areas within the Enlarged Project area. Given the recent publication of the Feasibility Study which includes an area 
purchased from Glencore, this continues to be recognised as contingent consideration as it will become payable should the project 
enter commercial production. 

Notes to the Financial Statements

53

Vale - Vermelho
 > On 19 December 2017 the Company announced that it had reached agreement with Vale S.A (“Vale”) to indirectly acquire through 

wholly owned subsidiaries in Brazil, 100% of the advanced Vermelho nickel-cobalt project in Brazil (“Vermelho”).

 > The terms of the Acquisition require Horizonte to pay an initial cash payment of US$150,000 with a further US$1,850,000 in cash 
payable on the second anniversary of the signing of the asset purchase agreement. This is due to be paid in December 2019 and is 
included in deferred consideration within current liabilities. 

 > A final payment of US$6,000,000 in cash is payable by Horizonte within 30 days of first commercial sale of product from Vermelho. 

Management have assessed that the Vermelho project has not yet progressed to a stage where this final payment can be 
considered probable and have therefore not recognised this contingent consideration within liabilities.  

Management have sensitized the fair value calculation to reasonable changes in the unobservable inputs and note that if the discount 
rate were to increase from 7% to 10% then the FV would decrease by £221,263 (2017: £269,255) to £3,240,600 (2017: £3,366,700).

There has been no change in valuation technique during the period. Please refer to Note 17 for an analysis of the
contingent and deferred consideration.

4.3 Current and deferred taxation
The Group is subject to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for such 
taxes. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the 
final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will affect the current and 
deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the period in which such determination is made.

Deferred tax liabilities have been recognised on the fair value gains in exploration assets arising on the acquisitions of Araguaia Niquel 
Mineração Ltda (formerly Teck Cominco Brasil S.A) and Lontra Empreendimentos e Participações Ltda in 2010. A deferred tax asset 
in respect of the losses has been recognised on acquisition of Araguaia Niquel Mineração Ltda to the extent that it can be set against 
the deferred tax liability arising on the fair value gains. In determining whether a deferred tax asset in excess of this amount should be 
recognized management must make an assessment of the probability that the tax losses will be utilized and a deferred tax asset is only 
recognised if it is considered probable that the tax losses will be utilized. 

Other estimates include but are not limited to future cash flows associated with assets, useful lives for depreciation and fair value of 
financial instruments.

5 Segmental reporting
The Group operates principally in the UK and Brazil, with operations managed on a project by project basis within each geographical 
area. Activities in the UK are mainly administrative in nature whilst the activities in Brazil relate to exploration and evaluation work. The 
reports used by the chief operating decision-maker are based on these geographical segments.

2018

Revenue

Administrative expenses

Loss on foreign exchange

Loss from operations per reportable segment

Depreciation charges

Additions to non-current assets

Reportable segment assets

Reportable segment non-current assets

Reportable segment liabilities

2017

Revenue

Administrative expenses

Loss on foreign exchange

Loss from operations per reportable segment

Depreciation charges

UK 
2018 
£

-

(1,336,093)

186,209

(1,149,884)

-

-

Brazil 
2018 
£

-

-

(3)

(3)

-

Total 
2018 
£

-

(1,336,093)

186,206

(1,149,887)

-

1,353,439

1,353,439

5,627,373

36,663,073

42,290,446

-

35,739,088

35,739,088

4,998,760

443,866

5,442,626

UK 
2017 
£

-

Brazil 
2017 
£

-

Total 
2017
£

-

(1,093,132)

— (1,093,132)

(261,218)

(38,616)

(299,834)

(1,354,350)

(38,616)

(1,392,966)

(283)

—

(283)

54

Notes to the Financial Statements

2017

Additions to non-current assets

Reportable segment assets

Reportable segment non-current assets

Reportable segment liabilities

UK 
2017 
£

Brazil 
2017 
£

Total 
2017
£

—

2,319,479

2,319,479

9,359,155

34,508,104

43,867,259

— 34,308,278

34,308,278

4,029,066

596,378

4,625,444

Intra-group sales are calculated and recorded in accordance with the underlying intra group service agreements. In 2018 the parent 
company charged the Brazilian subsidiaries £1,416,698 (2017:£2,243,832) for service provided.

A reconciliation of adjusted loss from operations per reportable segment to loss before tax is provided as follows:

Loss from operations per reportable segment

Changes in estimate for contingent and deferred consideration (refer note 17)

Charge for share options granted

Finance income

Finance costs

Loss for the year from continuing operations

6 Expenses by nature

Group

Charge for share options granted *

Depreciation (note 11)

Operating lease charges

2018
£

2017
£

(1,149,885)

(1,392,966)

139,392

621,545

(837,172)

(678,652)

89,446

15,854

(181,442)

(232,938)

(1,939,663)

(1,667,156)

2018
£

2017
£

837,172

678,652

—

131,949

283

55,421

*please see note 15 for movements in the share options and their related share price.

7 Auditor remuneration
During the year the Group (including its overseas subsidiaries) obtained the following services from the Company’s auditor 
and its associates:

Group

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of the parent company and 
consolidated financial statements 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for other services:

– Audit related assurance services 

–Tax compliance services 

8 Finance income and costs

Group

Finance income:

2018
£

2017
£

38,000

35,350

—

4,850

11,250

4,850

2018
£

2017
£

– Interest income on cash and short-term bank deposits

89,446

15,854

Finance costs:

– Contingent and deferred consideration: unwinding of discount

Net finance costs

(181,442)

(91,996)

(232,938)

(217,084)

Notes to the Financial Statements

55

2018
£

—

—

—

2018
£

2017
£

—

—

—

2017
£

(1,939,663)

(1,667,156)

(368,536)

(320,928)

174,095

66,411

— 

— 

194,441

254,517

—

—

9 Income Tax

Group

Tax charge:

Current tax charge for the year

Deferred tax charge for the year

Tax on loss for the year

Reconciliation of current tax

Group

Loss before income tax

Current tax at 19% (2017: 19.25%)

Effects of:

Expenses not deducted for tax purposes

Utilisation of tax losses brought forward

Tax losses carried forward for which no deferred income tax asset was recognised

Total tax

No tax charge or credit arises on the loss for the year.

The weighted average applicable tax rate of 19.25% used is the effective standard rate of corporation tax in the UK, where all of the 
current year losses originated. The corporation tax rate in Brazil is 34%. The weighted average applicable tax rate has remained the same 
at 19.25% as all of the losses arose in the UK. 

Deferred income tax
An analysis of deferred tax assets and liabilities is set out below.

Group

Deferred tax assets 

Deferred tax liabilities

– Deferred tax liability to be settled after more than 12 months

Deferred tax liabilities (net)

The movement on the net deferred tax liabilities is as follows:

Group

At 1 January

Exchange differences

At 31 December

2018
£

2017
£

4,678,544

5,426,717

(4,907,235)

(5,679,922)

(228,691)

(253,205)

2018
£

2017
£

(253,205)

(282,450)

24,514

29,245

(228,691)

(253,205)

Deferred tax assets are recognised on tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through 
future taxable profits is probable.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised in respect of fair value adjustments to the carrying value of intangible assets as a result of the 
acquisition of such assets. 

The Group has tax losses of approximately £21,728,566 (2017: £22,282,173) in Brazil and excess management charges of approximately 
£140,000 (2017: £835,000) in the UK available to carry forward against future taxable profits. Deferred tax assets have been recognised 
up to the amount of the deferred tax liability arising on the fair value adjustments. Potential deferred tax assets of £2,274,335 (2017: 
£2,530,454) have not been recognised.

Tax losses are available indefinitely.

56

Notes to the Financial Statements

10 Intangible assets
Intangible  assets  comprise  exploration  licenses,  exploration  and  evaluation  costs  and  goodwill.  Exploration  and  evaluation  costs 
comprise acquired and internally generated assets. 

Group

Cost

At 1 January 2017

Additions

Exchange rate movements

Net book amount at 31 December 2017

Additions

Exchange rate movements

Net book amount at 31 December 2018

Goodwill 
£

Exploration
Licenses 
£

Exploration and 
evaluation costs 
£

Total 
£

280,060

5,645,185

26,092,551

32,017,796

—

—

5,740,740

5,740,740

(28,997)

251,063

(479,656)

(2,941,605)

(3,450,258)

5,165,529

28,891,686

34,308,278

—

1,245,111

3,236,829

4,481,940

(24,306)

226,757

(280,344)

(2,747,666)

(3,052,316)

6,130,296

29,380,849

35,737,902

(a) Exploration and evaluation assets
The exploration and evaluation costs are split between Araguaia and Vermelho as follows:

Araguia

Vermelho

Net book amount at 31 December 2018

Exploration licences
£

Exploration and evaluation costs
£

4,863,968

1,266,328

6,130,296

29,380,849

—

29,380,849

Total
£

34,244,817

1,266,328

35,511,145

In 2017 all costs related to Araguaia.  No indicators of impairment were identified during the year for the Araguaia and Vermelho projects. 

In  December  2018,  a  Canadian  NI  43-101  compliant  Feasibility  Study  (“FS”)  was  published  by  the  Company  regarding  the  enlarged 
Araguaia Project which included the Vale De Sohnos deposit acquired from Glencore. The financial results and conclusions of the FS 
clearly  indicate  the  economic  viability  of  the  Araguaia  Project  with  an  NPV  of  $401M  using  a  nickel  price  of  $14,000/t  Ni.  Nothing 
material had changed with the economics of the FS between the publication date and the date of this report and the Directors undertook 
an assessment of impairment through evaluating the results of the FS along with recent market information relating to capital markets 
and nickel prices and judged that there are no impairment indicators with regards to the Araguaia Project. 

Impairment assessments for exploration and evaluation assets are carried out either on a project by project basis or by geographical area.

The  adjacent  Araguaia/Lontra/Vila  Oito  and  Floresta  exploration  sites  (“the  Araguaia  Project”),  together  with  the  Vale  dos  Sonhos 
deposit acquired from Xstrata Brasil Mineração Ltda comprise a resource of a sufficient size and scale to allow the Company to create 
a significant single nickel project. For this reason, at the current stage of development, these two projects are viewed and assessed for 
impairment by management as a single cash generating unit.

The  mineral  concession  for  the  Vale  dos  Sonhos  deposit  was  acquired  from  Xstrata  Brasil  Mineração  Ltda,  a  subsidiary  of  Glencore 
Canada Corporation, in November 2015. 

The NPV has been determined by reference to the FS undertaken during the year on the Araguaia Project. The key inputs and assumptions 
in deriving the value in use were, the discount rate of 8%, which is based upon an estimate of the risk adjusted cost of capital for the 
jurisdiction, capital costs of $443 million, operating costs of $8,194/t Nickel, a Nickel price of US$14,000/t and a life of mine of 28 years. 

Sensitivity to changes in assumptions
For  the  base  case  NPV8  of  the  Araguaia  Project  of  US$401  million  using  a  nickel  price  of  US$14,000/t  and  US$740  million  using 
US$16,800/t as per the FS to be reduced to the book value of the Araguaia Project as at 31 December 2018, the discount rate applied 
to the cash flow model would need to be increased from 8% to 17%. 

Vermelho
In January 2018, the acquisition of the Vermelho project was completed, which resulted in a deferred consideration of $1,850,000 
being  recognised  and  accordingly  an  amount  of  £1,245,111  was  capitalised  to  the  exploration  licences  held  within  intangible 
assets shown above. 

(b) Goodwill
Goodwill arose on the acquisition of Lontra Empreendimentos e Participações Ltda in 2010. The Directors have determined the recoverable 
amount of goodwill based on the same assumptions used for the assessment of the Lontra exploration project detailed above. As a result of 
this assessment, the Directors have concluded that no impairment charge is necessary against the carrying value of goodwill.

11 Property, plant and equipment

Group

Cost

At 1 January 2016

Foreign exchange movements

At 31 December 2016

Foreign exchange movements

Additions

At 31 December 2017

Foreign exchange movements

Additions

At 31 December 2018

Accumulated depreciation

At 1 January 2017

Charge for the year

Foreign exchange movements

At 31 December 2017

Charge for the year

Foreign exchange movements

At 31 December 2018

Net book amount as at 31 December 2018

Net book amount as at 31 December 2017

Net book amount as at 1 January 2017

Notes to the Financial Statements

57

Vehicles and 
other field 
equipment 
£

74,647

31,657

106,304

(10,630)

2,236

97,910

8,812

—

Office 
equipment 
£

12,596

1,802

14,398

(796)

—

13,602

822

—

Total 
£

87,243

33,459

120,702

(11,426)

2,236

111,512

9,634

—

106,722

14,424

121,146

105,725

14,115

119,840

358

(10,224)

95,859

436

9,241

283

(796)

13,602

—

822

105,536

14,424

1,186

2,051

579

—

—

283

641

(11,020)

109,461

436

10,063

119,960

1,186

2,051

862

Depreciation  charges  of  £436  (2017:  £358)  have  been  capitalised  and  included  within  intangible  exploration  and  evaluation  asset 
additions for the year. The remaining depreciation expense for the year ended 31 December 2018 of £nil (2017: £283) has been charged 
in “administrative expenses” under “Depreciation.”

Company

Cost

At 1 January 2017

Additions

At 31 December 2017 and 2018

Accumulated depreciation

At 1 January 2017

Charge for the year

At 31 December 2017

Charge for the year

At 31 December 2018

Net book amount as at 31 December 2018

Net book amount as at 31 December 2017

Net book amount as at 31 January 2017

Field
equipment
£

Office
equipment
£

4,208

—

4,208

4,208

—

4,208

—

4,208

—

—

—

7,403

—

7,403

7,120

283

7,403

—

7,403

—

—

283

Total
£

11,611

—

11,611

11,328

283

11,611

—

11,611

—

—

283

58

Notes to the Financial Statements

12 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and on hand

Short-term deposits

Group

2018
£

2017
£

Company

2018
£

2017
£

422,501

7,903,861

194,149

7,738,863

6,104,614

1,499,964

5,293,190

1,499,964

6,527,115

9,403,825

5,487,339

9,238,827

The Group’s cash at bank and short-term deposits are held with institutions with the following credit ratings (Fitch):

A

BBB-

Group

2018
£

2017
£

Company

2018
£

2017
£

5,551,299

9,267,418

5,431,914

9,188,864

975,816

136,407

55,425

49,963

6,527,115

9,403,825

5,487,339

9,238,827

The cash deposited with the institution with a BBB rating is only held short term and the expected credit loss is not assessed as material.

13 Share capital

Group and Company

Issued and fully paid

Ordinary shares of 1p each

At 1 January

Issue of ordinary shares

At 31 December

2018
Number

2018
£

2017
Number

2017
£

1,371,934,300

13,719,343 1,171,934,300

11,719,343

60,587,500

605,875

200,000,000

2,000,000

1,432,521,800

14,325,218

1,371,934,300

13,719,343

Share capital comprises amount subscribed for shares at the nominal value. 

2018
On 11 January 2018, the Company issued 60,587,500 new ordinary shares through a private placement in Canada at a price of C$0.06 
per share raising gross cash proceeds of CAD$3,635,250 before expenses. 

2017
On 22 December 2017, a total of 200,000,000 shares were issued through a private placement at a price of £0.035 per share to raise 
£7,000,000 before expenses.

14 Share premium

Group and Company

At 1 January

Premium arising on issue of ordinary shares

Issue costs

At 31 December

2018
£

2017
£

40,422,258

35,767,344

1,451,723

5,000,000

(209,964)

 (345,086)

41,664,018

40,422,258

Share premium comprises the amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value.

15 Share-based payments
The  Directors  have  discretion  to  grant  options  to  the  Group  employees  to  subscribe  for  Ordinary  shares  up  to  a  maximum 
of  10%  of  the  Company’s  issued  share  capital.  One  third  of  options  are  exercisable  at  each  six  months  anniversary  from 
the  date  of  grant,  such  that  all  options  are  exercisable  18  months  after  the  date  of  grant  and  all  lapse  on  the  tenth 
anniversary  of  the  date  of  grant  or  the  holder  ceasing  to  be  an  employee  of  the  Group.  Should  holders  cease  employment 
then  the  options  remain  valid  for  a  period  of  3  months  after  cessation  of  employment,  following  which  they  will  lapse. 
Neither  the  Company  nor  the  Group  has  any  legal  or  constructive  obligation  to  settle  or  repurchase  the  options  in  cash. 

Notes to the Financial Statements

59

Movements on number of share options and their related exercise price are as follows:

Outstanding at 1 January

Forfeited

Granted

Outstanding at 31 December

Exercisable at 31 December

Number of 
options 
2018
£

Weighted
average 
exercise 
price 
2018
£

Number of 
options 
2017
£

94,650,000

0.059

55,310,000

-

-

(1,660,000)

39,650,000

134,300,000

109,026,667

0.048

0.056

0.058

41,000,000

94,650,000

62,483,333

Weighted
average 
exercise 
price 
2017
£

0.079

0.065

0.03

0.059

0.072

The options outstanding at 31 December 2018 had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 7.37 years (2017: 7.56 years).

The fair value of the share options was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

The parameters used are detailed below.

Group and Company

Date of grant

Weighted average share price

Weighted average exercise price

Weighted average fair value at the measurement date

Expiry date

Options granted

Volatility

Dividend yield

Option life

Annual risk free interest rate

2018
options

2017
options

30/05/2018

31/03/2017

4.30 pence

3.07 pence

4.80 pence

3.20 pence

2.51 pence

2.02 pence

30/5/2028

31/3/2027

39,650,000

41,000,000

51%

Nil

10 years

1.22%

68%

Nil

10 years

1.19%

The expected volatility is based on historical volatility for the six months prior to the date of grant. The risk free rate of return is based on 
zero yield government bonds for a term consistent with the option life.

The range of option exercise prices is as follows:

2018 
Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(£)

2018 
Weighted 
average 
remaining life 
expected 
(years)

2018
Weighted 
average 
remaining life 
contracted 
(years)

2017 
Weighted 
average 
exercise price 
(£)

2018 
Number of 
shares

2017 
Weighted 
average 
remaining life 
expected 
(years)

2017 
Weighted 
average 
remaining life 
contracted 
(years)

2017 
Number of 
shares

0.04

119,150,000

0.16

15.150,000

8.02

2.55

8.02

2.55

0.04

79,500,000

0.16

15,150,000

8.32

3.55

8.32

3.55

Range of exercise 
prices (£)

0–0.1

0.1–0.2

16 Other reserves

Group

At 1 January 2017
Other comprehensive income
Currency translation differences
At 31 December 2017

Merger
reserve
£

Translation
reserve
£

Other
reserve
£

Total
£

(5,373,596)
10,888,760
—
—
— (3,479,050)
(8,852,646)

10,888,760

4,467,064
(1,048,100) 
—
—
— (3,479,050)
998,014

(1,048,100)

60

Notes to the Financial Statements

Group

Other comprehensive income
Currency translation differences
At 31 December 2018

Company

At 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017

At 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018

Merger
reserve
£

Translation
reserve
£

Other
reserve
£

Total
£

—
—
— (3,028,006)
(11,880,652)

10,888,760

—
—
— (3,208,006)
(2,039,991)

(1,048,100)

Merger 
reserve 
£

Total 
£

10,888,760

10,888,760

10,888,760

10,888,760

The merger and other reserve as at 31 December 2018 arose on consolidation as a result of merger accounting for the acquisition of the entire 
issued share capital of Horizonte Exploration Limited during 2006 and represents the difference between the value of the share capital and 
premium issued for the acquisition and that of the acquired share capital and premium of Horizonte Exploration Limited.

Currency translation differences relate to the translation of Group entities that have a functional currency different from the presentation 
currency (refer note 2.8). Movements in the translation reserve are linked to the changes in the value of the Brazilian Real against the Pound 
Sterling: the intangible assets of the Group are located in Brazil, and their functional currency is the Brazilian Real, which decreased in value 
against Sterling during the year. 

17 Trade and other payables

Non-current

Contingent consideration payable to Xstrata Brasil Mineração 
Ltda (refer note 4)

Total contingent consideration

Current

Group

2018
£

2017
£

Company

2018
£

2017
£

3,461,833

3,635,955

3,461,833

3,635,955

3,461,833

3,635,955

3,461,833

3,635,955

Deferred consideration payable to former owners of Vermelho. 

1,360,792

—

1,360,792

—

Trade and other payables

Amounts due to related parties (refer note 20)

Social security and other taxes

Accrued expenses

215,175

271,967

6,201

—

20,000

45,000

1,640,967

—

413,930

15,804

448,513

736,284

20,000

45,000

1,845,923

99,486

413,930

15,804

284,021

813,241

Total trade and other payables

5,102,800

4,372,239

5,307,756

4,449,196

Trade  and  other  payables  include  amounts  due  of  £111,815  (2017:  £222,925)  in  relation  to  exploration  and  evaluation  activities.  
Contingent and deferred consideration also relate to exploration and evaluation activities.

Consideration payable to Xstrata Brasil Mineração Ltda
On 28 September 2015 the Company announced that it had reached agreement to indirectly acquire through wholly owned subsidiaries 
in Brazil the advanced high-grade Glencore Araguaia nickel project (“GAP”) in north central Brazil. GAP is located in the vicinity of the 
Company’s Araguaia Project.

Pursuant to a conditional asset purchase agreement (“Asset Purchase Agreement”) between, amongst others, the Company and Xstrata 
Brasil Exploraçâo Mineral Ltda (“Xstrata”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Glencore Canada Corporation (“Glencore”), the Company has 
agreed to pay a total consideration of US$8 million to Xstrata, which holds the title to GAP.  The consideration is to be paid according the 
following schedule;
 > US$2,000,000 in ordinary shares in the capital of the Company which was settled by way of issuing new shares in the Company as 

follows: US$660,000 was paid in shares to a subsidiary of Glencore during 2015 and the transfer of the Serra do Tapa and Pau Preto 
deposit areas (together: “SdT”) during 2016 initiated the final completion of the transaction with a further US$1,340,000 shares in 
the Company issued. 

Notes to the Financial Statements

61

 > US$1,000,000 after the date of issuance of a joint Feasibility Study for the combined Araguaia & GAP project areas, to be satisfied 

in HZM Shares (at the 5 day volume weighted average price taken on the tenth business day after the date of such issuance) or cash, 
at the election of the Company. Of this $330,000 is due upon the inclusion of Vale De Sohnos in a Feasibility Study and $670,000 for 
Sierre do Tappa, as at 31 December a Feasibility Study including Vale do Sohnos has published, with Sierra do Tappa not included in 
the current project plans, therefore management have concluded that it’s not currently probable that the consideration for Sierre do 
Tappa will be paid and it is not included in contingent consideration; and

 > The remaining US$5,000,000 consideration will be paid in cash, as at the date of first commercial production from any of the 

resource areas within the Enlarged Project area. Following transfer of the concession for the VdS deposit area to a subsidiary of the 
Company, this has been included in contingent consideration payable.

Consideration payable to Vale S.A.
 > On 19 December 2017 the Company announced that it had reached agreement with Vale S.A (“Vale”) to indirectly acquire through 

wholly owned subsidiaries in Brazil, 100% of the advanced Vermelho nickel-cobalt project in Brazil (“Vermelho”).

 > The terms of the Acquisition require Horizonte to pay an initial cash payment of US$150,000 with a further US$1,850,000 in cash 
payable on the second anniversary of the signing of the asset purchase agreement. This is due to be paid in December 2019 and is 
included in deferred consideration above.  

 > A final payment of US$6,000,000 in cash is payable by Horizonte within 30 days of first commercial sale of product from Vermelho. 

Management have assessed that the Vermelho project has not yet progressed to a stage where this final payment can be 
considered probable and have therefore not recognised this contingent consideration within liabilities. 

The critical assumptions underlying the treatment of the contingent consideration are set out in note 4.3. 

As at 31 December 2018, there was a finance expense of £181,441 (2017: £222,836) recognised in finance costs within the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income in respect of the contingent consideration arrangement, as the discount applied to the contingent consideration 
at the date of acquisition was unwound. 

At 1 January 2017

Unwinding of discount

Change in estimate

31 December 2017

Initial recognition

Unwinding of discount

Change in estimate

At 31 December 2018

Contingent consideration 
£

Deferred consideration 
£

3,643,042

222,836

(229,923)

3,635,955

—

94,625

(268,747)

3,461,833

—

—

—

—

1,144,621

86,816

129,355

1,360,792

Total 
£

3,643,042

222,836

(229,923)

3,635,955

1,144,621

181,441

139,391

4,822,626

18 Dividends
No dividend has been declared or paid by the Company during the year ended 31 December 2018 (2017: nil).

19 Earnings per share
(a) Basic
The basic loss per share of 0.136p loss per share (2017 loss per share: 0.142p) is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to owners 
of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year.

Group

Loss attributable to owners of the parent

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue

2018
£

2017
£

(1,939,662)

(1,667,156)

1,431,027,862

1,177,413,752

(b) Diluted
The basic and diluted loss per share for the years ended 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017 are the same as the effect of the 
exercise of share options would be anti-dilutive.

In  January  2019  the  Group  issued  a  further  13,855,487  new  ordinary  shares  at  a  price  of  1.875  pence  per  share  in  settlement  for 
deferred contingent consideration due to Glencore, had this occurred prior to the end of the year this would have impacted the basic and 
diluted earnings per share figures. 

62

Notes to the Financial Statements

Details of share options that could potentially dilute earnings per share in future periods are set out in note 15.

20 Related party transactions
The following transactions took place with subsidiaries in the year:

A fee totalling £399,762 (2017: £350,652) was charged to HM do Brazil Ltda, £961,042 (2017: £980,108) to Araguaia Niquel Mineração 
Ltda and £55,894 (2017: £55,894) to Typhon Brasil Mineração Ltda by Horizonte Minerals Plc in respect of consultancy services provided 
and funding costs.

Amounts totalling £1,416,698 (2017: £2,243,832) were lent to HM Brazil (IOM) Ltd, HM do Brasil Ltda, Araguaia Niquel Mineraçao Ltda 
and Typhon Brasil Mineração Ltda to finance exploration work during 2018, by Horizonte Minerals Plc. Interest is charged at an annual 
rate of 6% on balances outstanding during the year. The amounts are repayable on demand.

See note 25 for balances with subsidiaries at the year end.

All Group transactions were eliminated on consolidation.

21 Ultimate controlling party
The Directors believe there to be no ultimate controlling party.

22 Directors’ remuneration (including Key Management)

Group 2018

Non-Executive Directors

Alexander Christopher

David Hall

William Fisher

Allan Walker

Owen Bavinton

Executive Directors

Jeremy Martin

Key Management

Simon Retter

Short term 
benefits
Aggregate 
emoluments
£

Post employment 
benefits
Pension
costs
£

Other
emoluments
£

Cost to Company
Social
 Security  
costs
£

Non-Cash 
Share Based 
Payment 
Charge
£

Total
£

Grand Total
£

—

—

26,400

26,400

26,400

32,5001

32,5001

34,5001

—

—

— 58,900

— 58,900

— 60,900

—

—

—

2,415

93,323

154,138

—

80,261

154,138

7,242

80,261

148,403

—

—

79,848

79,848

—

80,261

160,109

216,157

150,0001

21,186

387,343

49,367

167,415

604,125

92,362

73,3202

23,380

189,062

387,719

322,820

124,414

834,953

15,713

74,737

80,749

285,524

582,270 1,506,437

1 Denotes bonuses paid to senior staff regarding a long term incentive plan upon publication of a bankable feasibility study on the Araguaia FeNi project. 
2 Includes £30,000 bonus paid to Mr Retter regarding the successful completion of the feasibility study on the Araguaia FeNi project. 
3 During the year the group entered into a long term incentive plan with certain key members of management, including the CEO, CFO and certain Non-Executive Directors. 
Awards are due to be made following the successful completion of milestones deemed to be significant for the long term value creation of the Group including completion 

of project financing, commencement of commercial production and in the event there is an offer for the asset or for the entire issued share capital of the Group. 

Notes to the Financial Statements

63

Group 2017

Non-Executive Directors

Alexander Christopher

David Hall

William Fisher

Allan Walker

Owen Bavinton

Executive Directors

Jeremy Martin

Key Management

Simon Retter

Short term 
benefits
Aggregate 
emoluments
£

Post employment 
benefits
Pension
costs
£

Other
emoluments
£

Cost to Company
Social
 Security  
costs
£

Non-Cash 
Share Based 
Payment 
Charge
£

Total
£

Grand Total
£

—

31,200

26,400

26,400

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— 31,200

— 26,400

— 26,400

—

—

—

3,203

90,395

124,798

—

75,919

102,319

3,163

75,919

105,482

29,332

29,332

—

75,919

105,251

190,400

68,876

— 259,276

34,055

119,293

412,624

39,997

54,250

23,999

118,246

314,397

123,126

53,331

490,854

5,290

45,711

43,428

166,964

480,873 1,017,438

There are no other long term or termination benefits granted to key management. 

The Company does not operate a pension scheme. Pension costs comprise contributions to Defined Contribution pension plans held by 
the relevant Director or Key Management.

64 Notes to the Financial Statements

23 Employee benefit expense (including Directors and Key Management)

Group

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Indemnity for loss of office

Group
2018
£

2017
£

Compnay
2018
£

1,450,771

1,144,253

856,288

244,590

216,242

105,337

2017
£

588,498

63,979

10,472

49,817

—

—

Share options granted to Directors and employees (note 15)

873,757

678,652

873,757

678,652

2,579,590

2,088,964

1,835,382

1,331,129

Management

Field staff

Average number of employees including Directors and Key Management

11

16

27

10

15

25

6

—

6

6

—

6

Employee benefit expenses includes £685,477 (2017: £1,062,396) of costs capitalised and included within intangible non-current assets. 

Share options granted include costs of £501,523 (2017: £437,445) relating to Directors.

24 Investments in subsidiaries

Company

Shares in Group undertakings

2018
£

2017
£

2,348,042

2,348,042

2,348,042

2,348,042

Investments in Group undertakings are stated at cost. 

On 23 March 2006 the Company acquired the entire issued share capital of Horizonte Exploration Limited by means of a share for share 
exchange; the consideration for the acquisition was 21,841,000 ordinary shares of 1 penny each, issued at a premium of 9 pence per 
share. The difference between the total consideration and the assets acquired has been credited to other reserves.

25 Loans to subsidiaries 
Balances with subsidiaries at the year end were:

Company

HM do Brasil Ltda

HM Brazil (IOM) Ltd

Horizonte Nickel (IOM) Ltd

Araguaia Niquel Mineração Ltda

Horizonte Minerals (IOM) Ltd

Typhon Brasil Mineração Ltda

Trias Brasil Mineração Ltda

Total

2018
Assets
£

2017
Assets
£

883,909

3,021,173

1,263,644

5,405,662

33,145,934

31,136,784

9,747,741

6,594,120

253,004

253,004

1,625,088

3,224,179

801,402

1,012,620

49,478,251

48,890,013

The loans to Group undertakings are repayable on demand and currently carry no interest, however there is currently no expectation of 
repayment within the next twelve months and therefore loans are treated as non-current.

On 1 January 2018, the Group: 
 > Identified the business model used to manage its financial assets and classified its financial instruments into the appropriate 

IFRS 9 category; 

 >  Applied the “expected credit loss” (“ECL”) model to financial assets classified as measured at amortised cost.

Notes to the Financial Statements

65

Management’s  assessment  of  the  impact  of  IFRS  9  has  focused  on  the  change  in  IFRS  9  around  expected  credit  losses  on 
intercompany balances. 

The adoption of IFRS 9 has impacted the Company as a result of the existing incurred loss approach under IAS 39 being replaced by 
the  forward  looking  expected  credit  loss  model  approach  of  IFRS  9.  The  expected  credit  loss  model  is  required  to  be  applied  to  the 
intercompany loan receivable, which are classified as held at amortised cost.

The transition method requires a retrospective application for the first time adoption of IFRS 9, however the standard has allowed an 
exemption to not restate the comparative information with differences being recorded in opening retained earnings. These changes 
have been processed at the date of initial application (1 January 2018), and presented in the statement of changes in equity for the year 
ended 31 December 2018.

The increase in credit loss allowance resulted in a reduction to opening reserves, at 1 January 2018, as follows:

Accounts affected

Intercompany loan receivable (opening balance as presented under IAS39)

Cumulative transition adjustment

Retained earnings as at 31 December 2017

Restated Retained Earnings (in accordance with IFRS 9) as at 1 January 2018

Movements during the year were as follows: 

£

48,890,013

(4,946,743)

(8,960,902)

(13,907,644)

Group

HM do Brasil Ltda

HM Brazil (IOM) Ltd

Horizonte Nickel (IOM) Ltd

Araguaia Niquel Mineração Ltda

Horizonte Minerals (IOM) Ltd

Typhon Brasil Mineração Ltda

Trias Brasil Mineração Ltda

Champol (IOM) Ltd

Cluny (IOM) Ltd

Total

Expected credit loss

Amounts 
advanced 
during year
£

For balances 
at 1 January 
2018
£

For balances 
advanced in 
2018
£

2017
£

2018
£

1,263,644

504,174

(631,822)

(252,087)

883,909

5,405,662

636,683 (2,702,831)

(318,342)

3,021,172

31,136,784

2,009,153

6,594,120

3,153,621

—

—

—

—

— 33,145,937

— 9,747,741

—

253,004

253,004

3,224,179

1,012,620

—

25,994 (1,612,090)

(12,998)

1,625,085

—

240

— 

(1,012,620)

— 

(240)

—

—

— 1,144,861

— (343,458)

801,403

48,890,013

7,474,726 (4,946,743)

(1,939,745)

49,478,251

The increase in the credit loss allowance is a result of the application of the expected credit loss model. This is a result of the existing 
incurred loss approach under IAS 39 being replaced by the forward-looking expected credit loss model approach of IFRS 9 which requires 
the parent to make an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses. No loss allowance had previously been recognised, as no loss event 
had previously occurred. 

The loans to the subsidiary companies, are classified as repayable on demand.  IFRS 9 requires consideration of the expected credit risk 
associated with the loans.  As the subsidiary companies do not have any liquid assets to sell to repay the loan, should it be recalled, the 
conclusion reached was that the loan should be categorised as credit impaired.

As part of the assessment of expected credit losses of the intercompany loan receivable, the Directors have assessed the cash flows 
associated with a number of different recovery scenarios. This included consideration of the:
 > exploration project risk, 
 > positive NPV of the Araguaia project as demonstrated buy the Feasibility Study
 > ability to raise the finance to develop the project
 > ability to sell the project
 > market and technical risks relating to the project
 > participation of the subsidiaries in the Araguaia project

66

Notes to the Financial Statements

The  directors  have  concluded  that  certain  amounts  may  not  be  fully  recovered  giving  rise  to  the  expected  credit  loss  adjustment.  
The provision in respect of Cluny (IOM) Ltd relates to exploration project risk.  The provision in respect of the other subsidiaries relates to 
an assessment of their ability to participate in the Araguaia project.

The credit loss allowance was assessed at the date of initial application of IFRS 9, being 1 January 2018, and again at 31 December 2018.  
There was no change in the expected credit loss allowance at the year end. 

26 Commitments

Operating lease commitments
The Group leases office premises under cancellable and non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The cancellable lease terms are up 
to one year and are renewable at the end of the lease period at market rate. The leases can be cancelled by payment of up to one month’s 
rental as a cancellation fee. The lease payments charged to profit or loss during the year are disclosed in note 6.

The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Group

Not later than one year

Between 1 – 5 years

Greater than 5 years

Total

Capital Commitments
Capital expenditure contracted for at the end of the reporting period but not yet incurred is as follows:

Group

Intangible assets

2018
£

26,694

6,985

—

2017
£

54,444

—

—

33,679

54,444

2018
£

—

2017
£

—

Capital commitments relate to contractual commitments for metallurgical, economic and environmental evaluations by third parties. 
Once incurred these costs will be capitalised as intangible exploration asset additions.

27 Contingent Liabilities

Other Contingencies
The Group has received a claim from various trade union organisations in Brazil regarding outstanding membership fees due in relation 
to various subsidiaries within the Group. Some of these claims relate to periods prior to the acquisition of the relevant subsidiary and 
would  be  covered  by  warranties  granted  by  the  previous  owners  at  the  date  of  sale.  The  Directors  are  confident  that  no  amounts 
are  due  in  relation  to  these  proposed  membership  fees  and  that  the  claims  will  be  unsuccessful.  No  subsequent  actions,  claims  or 
communications from the various trade union organisations have been received subsequent to the requests for payment. As a result, no 
provision has been made in the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 for amounts claimed. Should the claim be 
successful, the maximum amount payable in relation to fees not subject to the warranty agreement would be approximately £64,000.

In  2013  the  Group  received  an  infraction  notice  from  the  Brazilian  Environmental  Agency’s  (“IBAMA”)  district  office  in  Conceição  do 
Araguaia in connection with carrying out drilling activities in 2011 without the relevant permits. Drilling equipment was furthermore 
impounded. The Group strongly believes that it operated with all necessary permits and has initiated legal proceedings to overturn the 
infraction notice. The Group has secured cancellation of the injunction and has appealed the associated fine and infraction notices of 
approximately £68,000 which has not been recognised in these financial statements. 

In December 2014, the Group received a writ from the State Attorney in Conceiçao do Araguaia regarding alleged environmental damages 
caused by drilling activities in 2011. To ensure proper environmental stewardship, the Group conducts certified baseline studies prior 
to all drill programmes and ensures that areas explored are properly maintained and conserved in accordance with local environmental 
legislation. After drilling has occurred, drill sites and access routes are rehabilitated to equal or better conditions and evidence is retained 
to demonstrate that such rehabilitation work has been completed. In January 2015 the Group filed a robust defence against the writ. A 
court hearing was held in May 2015 at which documents were requested to confirm that valid environmental authorisations were in 
place. These were subsequently submitted as requested. No substantive financial claim continues to be made against the Group under 
the terms of the writ. The Group continues to believe that the writ is flawed and is working towards having it withdrawn in due course.  
As a result, no provision has been made in the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2018.

28 Financial Instruments
Financial Assets

Group

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total

Company

Cash and cash equivalents

Trade and other receivables

Total

Financial Liabilities

Group

Trade and other payables

Deferred Consideration

Total

Company

Trade and other payables

Deferred Consideration

Total

Notes to the Financial Statements

67

Amortised cost

2018
£

2017
£

6,527,115

9,403,825

24,243

153,105

6,551,358

9,556,930

Amortised cost

2018
£

2017
£

5,487,339

9,238,827

19,388

41,773

5,506,727 

9,280,600

Amortised cost

2018
£

2017
£

260,175

720,480

1,360,792

1,620,967

—

720,480

Amortised cost

2018
£

2017
£

465,131

797,437

1,360,792

1,825,923

—

797,437

Financial instruments not measured at fair value includes cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables,
trade and other payables, and, contingent and deferred consideration which are discounted.

29 Events after the reporting date
On 22 January 2019, the Company issued 13,855,487 new ordinary shares at a price of 1.875 pence per share as settlement of $330,000 
due to Xstrata Brasil Exploracao Mineral Ltda a subsidiary of Glencore plc as per the asset purchase agreement signed in 2015. The 
contingent consideration became due following the publication of a definitive Feasibility Study on the Araguaia project which included 
the Vale De Sonhos deposit originally acquired.  

Statutory Information

Directors
David John Hall (Non-Executive Chairman)
Jeremy John Martin (Chief Executive Officer)
William James Fisher (Non-Executive Director)
Allan Michael Walker (Non-Executive Director)
Alex Christopher (Non-Executive Director)
Owen Alexander Bavinton (Non-Executive Director)

Company Secretary
Simon James Retter

Company Number
05676866

Registered Office
Horizonte Minerals Plc 
Rex House 
4-12 Regents Street
London SW1Y 4RG
United Kingdom

Nominated Adviser and Broker
Numis Securities Ltd
The London Stock Exchange Building
10 Paternoster Square
London EC4M 7LT
United Kingdom 

Independent Auditor
BDO LLP
55 Baker Street
Marylebone
London
W1U 7EU
United Kingdom

Solicitors to the Company

As to English law:
Greenberg Traurig Maher LLP
200 Gray’s Inn Road
London
WC1X 8HF
United Kingdom

As to Canadian law:
Cassels Brock and Blackwell LLP
2100 Scotia Plaza
Toronto ON
M5H 3C2
Canada

As to Brazilian law:
Freitas Ferraz Advogados
Belo Horizonte – MG
Rua Paraiba, no 550, 9 ander, Bairro Savassi
CEP 30.130.-141 Brazil

Registrar

For shares listed on the London Stock Exchange:
Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited 
3100 Lake Drive
Citywest Business Campus 
Dublin 24 
D24 AK82 
Ireland

For shares listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange:
Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue
8th Floor
Toronto ON
M5J 2Y1
Canada

Horizonte Minerals Plc, Rex House, 4-12 Regents Street, London SW1Y 4RG, United Kingdom
T.  +44 (0)207 920 3150 

E. info@horizonteminerals.com  

www.horizonteminerals.com

Horizonte Minerals Plc 
Rex House 
4-12 Regents Street
London SW1Y 4RG
United Kingdom
T. + 44 (0)2079 203 150
E. info@horizonteminerals.com
www.horizonteminerals.com