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FY2015 Annual Report · Keras Resources Plc
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Registered number: 07353748 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT 2015

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CONTENTS 

Company Information 

Highlights 

Chairman’s Statement 

Strategic Report 

Directors’ Report 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources PLC 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
-  30 September 2015 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 
-  30 September 2014 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Company Statement of Cash Flows 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Pages 

1 

2 

3 

6 

15 

19 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

Throughout this document ‘Keras’, ‘Keras Resources’ or ‘the Company’ means Keras Resources 
PLC and ‘the Group’ means the Company and its subsidiaries. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors: 

B Moritz  
D Reeves  
J Carter 
R Lamming 
R Pitchford 
P Hepburn-Brown 

Non-Executive Chairman 
Managing Director  
Finance Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

Company secretary: 

Cargil Management Services Limited 

Company number: 

07353748 

Registered office: 

Nominated advisor: 

Broker: 

Solicitors: 

Auditor: 

27/28 Eastcastle Street 
London  W1W 8DH 

Northland Capital Partners Limited 
131 Finsbury Pavement 
London EC2A 1NT 

Beaufort Securities Ltd 
131 Finsbury Pavement 
London EC2A 1NT 

Memery Crystal LLP 
44 Southampton Buildings 
London  WC2A 1AP 

Moore Stephens LLP 
150 Aldersgate Street 
London  EC1A 4AB 

Page 1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 
HIGHLIGHTS 

(cid:2) 

Focused on gaining  near-term cash flow – gold production expected in Q2 2016 following 

the acquisition of Chaffers, which holds the Grants Patch Gold tribute agreement in Australia 
(cid:2)  Name change to Keras Resources PLC to reflect re-focused strategy on Australian gold and 

cash flow opportunities  

(cid:2)  Completed equity fund raising of £835,000 in February 2015 and raised £564,000 in February 

2016 by way of the issue of an unsecured loan note to  include the limited working capital 

required to commence gold production  

(cid:2) 

Finalised  the  Definitive  Feasibility  Study  for  the  Nayega  manganese  project  in  Togo  which 

indicates  that  the  capital  and  operating  costs  will  be  substantially  reduced  from  previous 

estimates.  

Page 2 

 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

The year since our last Annual Report  has been a time of positive transition which has seen us 

implement significant strategic initiatives; a portfolio assessment and diversification; and most 

importantly, an acquisition of a near-term gold  production  company in  Australia which has 

seen us successfully transform ourselves in more than name alone and enter 2016 a stronger 

company.  

Over the past year, the continued downward pressure on commodity prices, in particular iron-

ore, has led us to reflect on our African operations and reassess our development strategy to 

ensure that we can continue to deliver maximum value for our shareholders.  This in turn led to 

the  decision  to  refine  our  core  assets  and  re-focus  our  portfolio  to  identify  high  value 

development projects with a direct route to production and cash generation and targeting 

opportunities where good margins can be made despite price cycle lows.   

With this in mind, we identified an ideal opportunity to deliver cash flow at very low cost within 

six  months  and  therefore  proceeded  to  acquire  private  Australian  gold  mining  company 

Chaffers Mining (Pty) Limited (‘Chaffers’).  Chaffers has a five year tribute agreement to mine 

defined gold deposits at leases owned by Norton Gold Fields (‘Norton’), located 30km north 

of  Kalgoorlie  in  the  heart  of  the  Western  Australian  goldfields,  product  from  which  will  be 

treated at  Norton’s  nearby  Paddington  processing  plant,  25km  away.    This  opportunity  was 

acquired in an all share deal and represents a very exciting new project in our portfolio.  Most 

importantly,  limited  working  capital  of  approximately  £300,000  is  required  to  commence 

production at the Grants Patch lease and we have secured a loan to fulfil this requirement. 

 The  agreement  covers  historic  resources  of  more  than  350,000  ounces  of  gold  and  mining 

leases have been granted for deposits which comprise remnant resources below historic pits 

and previously unmined near-surface deposits.  The shallow laterite and oxide deposits provide 

an  excellent  opportunity  to  deliver  first  production  in  Q2  2016.    We  are  initially  targeting 

production of 20,000 to 30,000 ounces of gold per annum at AISC C3 costs of c.AUD 900/oz. 

Keras will pay mining and processing costs, plus a 22% royalty  to Norton. 

This acquisition was especially timely in light of the recent upturn in gold prices, especially when 

comparing against the lowering Australian dollar which currently prices gold at more than AUD 

1,600/oz  therefore  offering  lower  operating  costs  and  higher  earnings  potential  for  projects 

based in Australia.  

This acquisition also bolstered our Board and management team.  In November 2015, Chaffers’ 

Peter Hepburn-Brown was appointed as a Non-Executive Director of Keras and Peter George 

has taken up the role of Chief Operating Officer.  They bring with them valuable knowledge 

of the deposits, as well as extensive experience of gold development and production, which 

will be very useful as we achieve our strategic goals.  

Page 3 

 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Although it is fair to say that delivering value through Australian gold production is our primary 

strategy, our Nayega Manganese Project in Togo, West Africa is still important to Keras.   This is 

due to its low capex, open pit, near-term production and low cost 250,000 tonne per annum 

manganese export potential.  Nayega is an attractive deposit which we believe will deliver 

significant  value  for  shareholders  once  in  production.  However  its  timeline  for  mine 

development  and  production  is  dependent  on  the  final  receipt  of  the mining  licence.    We 

would like to reassure shareholders that we have been highly active on the ground at Nayega 

and have ensured that all the relevant documents, government assurances and local support 

are in place so that we are well positioned to deliver first production within circa nine months 

from  when  we  decide  to  commence  development,  subject  to  the  availability  of  mining 

finance.   

In May 2015, we completed the Definitive Feasibility Study (‘DFS’), which marked a significant 

milestone  at  Nayega  with  a  maiden  ore  reserve  of  8.48Mt  at  14%  Mn  and  plans  for  an 

accelerated  start-up  option.    The  accelerated  start-up  entails  the  simplification  and 

modularisation  of  the  process  circuit  which  we  are  confident  will  substantially  reduce  the 

capital and operating costs and should have a positive impact on the project's profitability.  

Other elements of the original model remain largely unchanged, with 750,000tpa ore initially 

being mined and processed by scrubbing/screening and DMS, albeit using a modified process 

flow  route.  In  addition  to  this  we  remain  in  discussions  with  various  third-party  financiers  for 

funding Nayega at project level. Full details are intended to be announced upon receipt of 

the mining licence. 

We envisage that revenues generated through production from Grants Patch will position the 

Group to take on larger projects in the future and with this in mind, we continually assess new 

acquisition opportunities.  , Considering the current price levels and general appetite for this 

commodity our iron-ore portfolio in Gabon and South Africa no longer meets our investment 

criteria and has been de-prioritised with no exploration expenditure currently being attributed 

to it. We are currently evaluating joint venture and trade sale opportunities to realise the value 

of, and where possible, monetise our non-core assets.  

Financial review 

With regard to funding, we successfully completed fundraising in February 2015 for  £835,000 

with  support  from  new  and  existing  shareholders  and  Board  participation  by  way  of 

subscription,  further  aligning  the  Directors  with  Keras  shareholders.  Post  year  end,  we  have 

announced the closing of a £565,000 debt facility that will see us enter positive cash flow at 

Grants Patch, thereby minimising dilution to shareholders. 

Page 4 

 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 

Our company name change to Keras  Resources marks the beginning of our transformation 

into  a  gold  production  company,  with  a  firm  focus  on  generating  cash  flow.    The 

commencement of gold production in Q2 2016 will be transformational and will enable us to 

look  at  adding  further  gold  production  in  Australia  and  continue  evaluating  prospective 

opportunities  in  the  natural  resource  market.    We  are  at  an  important  stage  of  our 

development and with a new strategic vision, a strong team at the helm and our Australian 

acquisition, the coming months are set to be particularly exciting for us. 

Under these circumstances, the Board decided to fully impair the value of all African iron assets 

and  the  Leinster  Manganese  Project.  Notwithstanding  this,  we  continue  to  seek  ways  of 

realising value for shareholders from those assets. This decision has reduced net assets to less 

than half of the paid up share capital. In accordance with S.656, Companies Act 2006 this will 

be considered at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting but it should be stressed that the 

decisions already made by the Board are intended to rectify the situation. 

I would like to thank investors for their support during the year and look forward to the coming 

months. 

Brian Moritz 

Chairman 

4 March 2016 

Page 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

The Directors present their Strategic Report for the year ended 30 September 2015.  

Operating review  

Principal activities  
The  principal  activity  of  the  Group  has  been  the  identification,  acquisition,  exploration  and 
development of iron and manganese projects. The main areas of activity during the reporting 
period were Togo, Gabon and South Africa.  

Post year end, the Company announced that it would be focusing on near term cash flow 
project in the Australian gold industry through the acquisition of Chaffers Mining Pty Ltd. 

Organisation Overview  
The Group’s business is directed by the Board and is managed by the Managing Director David 
Reeves. The Group has a small senior management team comprising a Finance Director, and 
an Exploration Manager, now replaced by a Chief Operating Officer. To date, the Group has 
mainly engaged the services of external contractors and consultants to provide services to its 
various  projects  such  as  drilling  services,  metallurgical  testwork,  engineering  design,  and 
environmental  studies.  The  structure  reflects  the  early  stage  nature  of  the  Group’s  activities 
which  necessitates  a  balance  between  managing  cash  expenditure  and  achieving  the 
Group’s work programs in a professional and timely manner. 

Strategy and Business Plan  

The Group’s strategy is to target low capital expenditure projects, near infrastructure, which 
offer significant value uplift potential via resource delineation, early production and therefore 
near term cash flow. The acquisition of Chaffers Mining in Australia offers the opportunity to 
start production in 2016. The Nayega manganese project in Togo is a low cost and low capital 
expenditure project.   

The  Group’s  business  model  has  established  it  as  an  efficient  and  low  cost  explorer.  Keras 
identifies mineral project opportunities through internal research and to date, its preference 
has been to secure project interests through application to local authorities wherever possible. 
This allows Keras to acquire projects at a minimal upfront cost. The Company is now particularly 
focussed on projects that offer more immediate cash flow opportunities in the Australian gold 
industry.  

During the reporting period the Group was focussed on finalising the definitive feasibility study 
for the Nayega manganese project and assessing opportunities in Australia that offered short 
timeframes  to  production  and  cash  flow.  Given  the  poor  state  and  outlook  in  the  iron  ore 
market, the Group carried out minimal work on the iron projects during the reporting period. 
The  Board  has  a  proven  track  record  in  Africa  of  building  value  for  shareholders  through 
developing assets into production and successfully completing trade sales.  Examples of this 
are members of the Board being involved in the development and subsequent trade sales of 
Zimplats, Afplats and Chromex for an aggregate consideration of approximately US$1 billion. 
Subsequent  to  the  year  end,  the  Company  expanded  its  activities  by  the  acquisition  of 
Chaffers. 

In exploring and developing mineral deposits, the  Group accepts that not all its exploration 
will be successful but also that the rewards for success can be high. It therefore expects that 
its  shareholders  will  be  invested  for  potential  capital  growth,  taking  a  long  term  view  of 
management’s  good  track  record  in  mineral  discovery  and  development.  Board  and 
management currently hold 25% of the issued shares in Keras and we believe this significant 
stake provides further evidence of the Board’s belief in and commitment to its strategy.  

Page 6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

To date, the Group has financed its activities through equity and debt raisings. As the Group’s 
projects become more advanced, the Board will seek mining finance, as well as investigating 
strategic  opportunities  to  obtain  funding  for  projects  from  future  customers  via  production 
sharing, royalty and other marketing arrangements. At the Nayega manganese project, the 
Group finalised the Definitive Feasibility Study  and this includes discussion with development 
banks, offtakers and strategic investors for alternative forms of finance. Manganese prices fell 
significantly during the course of 2015 and along with delays  in obtaining a licence to mine 
from  the  Togolese  government  meant  that  these  discussions  have  been  slower  to  progress 
than anticipated in last year’s annual report. 

Financial and Performance Review  
The Group is not yet in production and so has no income other than a small amount of bank 
interest. Consequently the Group is not expected to report profits until it disposes of or is able 
to profitably develop projects, which is expected to be in the current year.  

The results of the Group are set out in detail in the financial statements. The Group reports a 
loss of £5.7m for the year (2014: £2.0m) after administration and exploration expenses of £1.2m 
(2014: £1.5m) and an impairment charge of £4.5m (2014:nil). 

The financial statements show that, at 30 September 2015, the Group had total assets of £1.3m 
(2014:  £5.8m).  Total  assets  include  £1.2m  (2014:  £5.5m)  of  intangible  assets.  This  comprises 
exploration, evaluation and development expenditure on the Group’s projects. 

Expenditure such as pre-licence and reconnaissance costs is expensed. The loss reported in 
any  year  includes  expenditure  for  specific  projects  that  was  carried  forward  in  previous 
reporting  periods  as  intangible  assets  but  which  the  Board  determines  is  impaired  in  the 
reporting period.  

In the reporting period, the Directors have assessed the carrying value of the Group’s projects 
and given the extremely poor conditions and outlook, the decision was made to  fully impair 
the  carrying  values  of  the  Malelane  iron  and  Leinster  manganese  project,  both  located  in 
South Africa and the Mebaga iron project in Gabon. No impairment has been made to the 
carrying value of the Nayega manganese project in Togo. 

Key Performance Indicators  
The financial statements of a mineral exploration company may not provide a reliable guide 
to the performance of the Company or its Board.  

The usual financial key performance indicators (“KPIs”) cannot be applied to a company with 
no turnover and so the Directors consider that the detailed information in this report is the best 
guide  to  the  Group’s  progress  and  performance  during  the  year.  The  Board  reviews  this 
position at least annually in the context of the Group’s activities.  

During this reporting period, Keras had a multi-project portfolio of manganese development 
assets  and  iron  exploration  projects  in  Africa,  the  majority  of  which  have  now  been  fully 
impaired. Subsequent to the year end the Company announced entry into the Australian gold 
sector through the acquisition of Chaffers. 

Page 7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

Australia – Grants Patch Gold Tribute Project (100% owned) 

With Chaffers, Keras has acquired a five year tribute agreement with Norton Gold Fields which 
will  see  it  mine  in  the  near-term  certain  defined  gold  deposits  located  on  Norton's  leases, 
located 30km north of Kalgoorlie in the heart of the Western Australian goldfields. 

The deposits have historic resources of 5,741,155t @ 1.97g/t for 363,599 ounces of gold and the 
Group plans to commence production in Q2 2016, which will generate near-term cash flow to 
be  channelled  into  advancing  development  at  the  Nayega  manganese  project.      Keras 
anticipates initial production rates of 20,000 to 30,000 oz Au per annum, which will be treated 
at  Norton’s  nearby  Paddington  processing  plant  with  AISC  C3  costs  anticipated  to  total 
AUD900/oz. Keras will pay a 22% royalty to Norton. 

Initially, Keras will target shallow laterite and oxide gold deposits to generate revenue rapidly.  
Deposits comprise previously mined pits with remainder economic material below the pit floor 
or  unmined  new  areas.    At  the  first  two  laterite  gold  pits,  Accord  and  Anomaly  22,  new 
estimates totalling 164,000t at an average grade of 1.4g/t, containing 7,200oz Au have been 
produced, mine designs finalised and environmental studies completed. 94,350t at 1.39g/t Au 
have been assigned to Anomaly 22 and 69,496t at 1.32g/t Au to Accord and this is expected 
to  provide  the  first  four  to  five  months  of  mining  for  the  Company.  A  small  programme  of 
confirmatory reverse circulation drilling will be conducted ahead of production. These initial 
pits have been chosen due to the fact that there is no pre-strip required.  Modelling of Bent 
Tree, a further remnant open pit, is on-going and will be announced when completed. Once 
open-pit  operations  are  performing  at  plan,  high-grade  underground  opportunities  will  be 
investigated, for example, at Prince of Wales, which hosts historic resource of 154,000 @ 8g/t 
gold.  All equipment required for mining and haulage will be hired from local contractors and 
confirmatory  drilling  and  assaying  will  be  conducted  prior  to  the  commencement  of 
production. 

The project offers significant cost advantages, with the 100% interest in Chaffers purchased at 
£465,000 in shares plus an additional £465,000 in shares on production of  10,000oz  Au, at 30 
day VWAP to announcement of successfully completing this milestone. Keras is poised to take 
advantage of a very profitable gold sector as an AIM listed Australian gold producer.   

Togo - Nayega Manganese – 85% 

Keras holds an 85% interest in the Nayega manganese project which covers a 92,390 hectares 
area in northern Togo, held through  Societe  Generale des Mines SARL.   The project is  30km 
from a main road which has direct access to the regionally important deepwater port of Lome 
600km away and has >800,000t per annum back loading capabilities.  

During the period under review, we made significant progress on the ground proving up the 
economic potential and developing the 250,000 tonne low-capex, open-pit manganese mine 
towards production of a 38% manganese product with the potential to provide cash flow for 
the Group and its shareholders. 

Page 8 

 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

The Definitive Feasibility Study (‘DFS’) to develop Nayega as a  manganese export operation 
completed in 2015 and the results indicate a notable reduction in capital and operating costs.  
Additional testwork conducted during the course of 2015 has led to improved understanding 
of  how  the  mineralised  material  responds  to  beneficiation.  As  a  result,  Keras  assessed  an 
'accelerated  start-up'  option  which  employs  a  modified  process  flow-route  for  manganese 
product.  Nayega also offers low cost processing credentials offering an average mining depth 
of 4m, no waste stripping and no drill and blast needed.  This and the size of the operation will 
allow for a small scale mining operation that can be managed by a local contractor which 
again should minimise costs.  

Further  to  the  DFS  work  completed,  additional  pitting  at  exploration  targets  T27  and  T48  at 
Nayega  allowed  the  estimation  of  resources  for  these  two  prospects.    Inferred  resources  of 
220,000t @ 15.6% Mn and 2.75Mt @ 9.2% Mn were defined at T48 and T27, respectively.  Both 
areas are within easy trucking distance (T48 is <1km northwest, T27 is 6.5km east) of the Nayega 
deposit  and  are  likely  to  have  a  substantial  positive  impact  on  its  future  development. 
Nayega's total JORC Code compliant resource in all categories is now 14Mt @ 12.4% Mn. This 
includes the 8.48mt @ 14% reserve.  

Full  details  of  the  DFS,  including  economics,  will  be  released  once  the  mining  licence  is 
granted.    With  regard  to  the  mining  licence,  negotiations  with  Togolese  Government 
representatives  over  the  Mining  Convention  have  concluded.    The  Mining  Convention  is  a 
comprehensive document outlining Keras’ and the Government's commitments to each other 
on fiscal, environmental and social issues.  This is a significant step for Keras and in conjunction 
with grant of the Environmental Permit last period, clears the way for the mining licence to be 
granted.  

Gabon - Mebaga Iron Ore – 78% 

Mebaga is a DSO iron ore project located in the north of Gabon within an extensive iron ore 
province, which extends from Gabon into the Republic of  Congo  (“ROC”) and  Cameroon.  
Major deposits in the region include Belinga in Gabon (1Bt @ 60% Fe); Mbalam in Cameroon 
(775Mt @ 57% Fe) and Avima in the ROC (690Mt @ 58% Fe). The project has significant benefits 
as the closest DSO project to the Libreville port in the Belinga Super Group area.  

The  305  sq  km  project  which  spans  over  a  19km  Banded  Iron  Formation  (‘BIF’)  strike  has  an 
Exploration Target of 630 - 1,050Mt @ 25 – 65% Fe, including 90 to 150Mt @ 35 – 65% Fe oxide 
(weathered), estimated over 11km of 19km BIF strike where mineralisation is open both along 
strike and at depth. The DSO potential has been authenticated by the 2013 drilling.  

In August 2014, we completed a desktop study for operations and associated costs at Mebaga 
which highlighted that significant potential exists for low operating costs.   Subsequent to this 
study, the iron ore price has dropped to approximately $40/t and the project is considered un-
economic at these prices. As a result of this, the Group has been investigating other initiatives 
to realise value from this asset but in the meantime, its carrying value has been fully impaired. 

Page 9 

 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

South Africa - Malelane Iron Ore – 74% 

Malelane is located in the mineral rich Mpumalanga region of South Africa. Keras holds a 74% 
interest in the project, which incorporates prospecting rights over a 4,192 Hectare area.     

Malelane hosts a JORC Code compliant Inferred Resource of 139Mt at 37% Fe, which is only 
defined over 1.5km of the 14km BIF strike identified within the project area.   A Scoping Study 
completed  by  Keras    utilising  this  maiden  resource  in  2012  illustrated  a  potential  method  of 
developing  Malelane  as  an  initial  1.8Mtpa  open-pit,  low  strip  ratio  operation  with  a  57%  Fe 
product over a 16.6 year Life of Mine (‘LOM’).   

With the reduction in iron ore pricing, this asset is not considered economic and  its carrying 
value has been fully impaired. 

South Africa – Leinster Manganese – 74% 

The 47,004 hectare Leinster project is our second manganese project, located in the Northern 
Cape and North West Provinces of South Africa. The project covers the entire Leinster Basin, 
an  erosional  outlier  of  the  Kalahari  Manganese  Field,  which  is  the  largest  manganese 
metallogenic province in the world.  

The Leinster deposit lies at an average depth of 80m below surface and is envisaged as an 
underground  operation  with  ore  trucked  or  railed  to  port  for  the  export  market.      Anglo 
American,  who  drilled  51  holes  on  the  Leinster  property  between  1977  and  1988,  previously 
held the property. Using this information, Coffey Mining calculated an exploration target of 5.5 
to 8.7Mt at 28.6 to 31% Mn for Leinster on behalf of Keras Resources. The target is open in all 
directions.  

With the reduction in manganese pricing, this asset is not considered economic and its carrying 

value has been fully impaired. 

Page 10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

Risk management  

The  Board  regularly  reviews  the  risks to  which  the  Group  is  exposed  and  ensures  through  its 
meetings and regular reporting that these risks are minimised as far as possible.  

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group at this stage in its development are:  

Exploration risk  
The  Group’s  business  has  been    mineral  exploration  and  evaluation  which  are  speculative 
activities and whilst the Directors are satisfied that good progress is being made, there is no 
certainty that the Group will be successful in the definition of economic mineral deposits, or 
that it will proceed to the development of any of its projects or otherwise realise their value.  

The Group aims to mitigate this risk when evaluating new business opportunities by targeting 
areas of potential where there is at least some historical drilling or geological data available. 

Resource risk  
All mineral projects have risk associated with defined grade and continuity. Mineral reserves 
and resources are calculated by the Group in accordance with accepted industry standards 
and codes but are always subject to uncertainties in the underlying assumptions which include 
geological projection and commodity price assumptions.  

The Group reports mineral resources and reserves in accordance with the Australasian Code 
for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (‘the JORC Code’). 
The  JORC  Code  is  a  professional  code  of  practice  that  sets  minimum  standards  for  public 
reporting of mineral exploration results, mineral resources and ore reserves. Further information 
on the JORC Code can be found at www.jorc.org. 

Development risk  
Delays in permitting, financing and commissioning a project may result in delays to the Group 
meeting production targets. Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic viability 
of mining projects and affect decisions on continuing exploration activity.  

Mining and processing technical risk  
Notwithstanding  the  completion  of  metallurgical  testwork,  test  mining  and  pilot  studies 
indicating  the  technical  viability  of  a  mining  operation,  variations  in  mineralogy,  mineral 
continuity, ground stability, ground water conditions and other geological conditions may still 
render a mining and processing operation economically or technically non-viable.  

The  Group  has  a  small  team  of  mining  professionals  experienced  in  geological  evaluation, 
exploration, financing and development of mining projects. To mitigate development risk the 
Group supplements this from time to time with engagement of external expert consultants and 
contractors. 

Environmental risk  
Exploration  and  development  of  a  project  can  be  adversely  affected  by  environmental 
legislation and the unforeseen results of environmental studies carried out during evaluation of 
a project. Once a project is in production unforeseen events can give rise  to environmental 
liabilities.  

The Group is currently in the exploration stage. Any disturbance to the environment during this 
phase  is  minimal  and  is  rehabilitated  in  accordance  with  the  prevailing  regulations  of  the 
countries in which we operate. As part of our ongoing feasibility studies being conducted at 
the Malelane and Nayega projects, environmental baseline studies are being undertaken or 
planned to be undertaken as part of this process. 

Page 11 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

Financing & liquidity risk  
The Group has an ongoing requirement to fund its activities through the equity markets and in 
future  to  obtain  finance  for  project  development.  There  is  no  certainty  such  funds  will  be 
available when needed. To date, Keras has managed to raise funds primarily through equity 
and debt placements despite the very difficult markets that currently exist for raising funding 
in the junior mining industry.  

Political risk  
All  countries  carry  political  risk  that  can  lead  to  interruption  of  activity.  Politically  stable 
countries  can  have  enhanced  environmental  and  social  permitting  risks,  risks  of  strikes  and 
changes to taxation whereas less developed countries can have in addition, risks associated 
with changes to the legal framework, civil unrest and government expropriation of assets.  

Partner risk  
Whilst there has been no past evidence of this, the Group can be adversely affected if joint 
venture partners are unable or unwilling to perform their obligations or fund their share of future 
developments.  

The  Group  aims  to  mitigate  this  risk  by  1)  holding  significant  majority  shareholdings  in  our 
projects  that  we  can  commit  to  funding  our  minority  partners  until  production  and  positive 
cash  flow  and  2)  endeavouring  to  enter  into  joint  venture  funding  arrangements  with  large 
and credible counterparties. 

Financial instruments  
Details  of  risks  associated  with  the  Group’s  financial  instruments  are  given  in  Note  24 to the 
financial  statements.  Given  the  early  stage  nature  of  the  Group’s  activities,  Keras  does  not 
utilise any complex financial instruments. 

Insurance coverage 
The Group maintains a suite of insurance coverage that is appropriate for an exploration stage 
company. This is arranged via an insurance broker and coverage includes public and products 
liability, travel, property and medical coverage and assistance while Group employees and 
consultants are travelling on Group business. This is reviewed at least annually and adapted as 
the Group’s scale and nature of activities changes. 

Internal controls and risk management  
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system of internal financial control. Although no 
system  of  internal  financial  control  can  provide  absolute  assurance  against  material 
misstatement  or  loss,  the  Group’s  system  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that 
problems are identified on a timely basis and dealt with appropriately.  

In carrying out their responsibilities, the Directors have put in place a framework of controls to 
ensure as far as possible that ongoing financial performance is monitored in a timely manner, 
that  corrective  action  is  taken  and  that  risk  is  identified  as  early  as  practically  possible.  The 
Directors review the effectiveness of internal financial control at least annually.  

The  Board,  subject  to  delegated  authority,  reviews  capital  investment,  property  sales  and 
purchases, additional borrowing facilities, guarantees and insurance arrangements.  
The  Board  takes  account  of  the  significance  of  social,  environmental  and  ethical  matters 
affecting the business of the Group. At this stage in the Group’s development the Board has 
not  adopted  a  specific  policy  on  Corporate  Social  Responsibility  as  it  has  a  limited  pool  of 
stakeholders  other  than  its  shareholders.  Rather,  the  Board  seeks  to  protect  the  interests  of 
Keras’ stakeholders through individual policies and through ethical and transparent actions. 

Page 12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

The Group has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy and a whistle blowing policy.  

Shareholders  
The Directors are always prepared, where practicable, to enter into dialogue with shareholders 
to promote a mutual understanding of objectives. The Annual General Meeting provides the 
Board with an opportunity to informally meet and communicate directly with investors.  

Environment  
The  Board  recognises  that  its  principal  activities,  mineral  exploration  and  mining,  have 
potential to impact on the local environment. To date, activities at the various projects have 
been limited to drilling activities and the Group does comply with local regulatory requirements 
with regard to environmental compliance and rehabilitation. The impact on the environment 
of  the  Group’s  activates  has  the  potential  to  increase  should  our  projects  move  into  a 
development or production phase. This is currently assessed through baseline environmental 
studies  that  are  being  undertaken  and 
resources  needed  to  manage 
environmental compliance in the future. 

identifying 

Given the Group’s size and scale it is not considered practical or cost effective to collect and 
report data on carbon emissions. 

Employees  
The Group engages its employees to understand all aspects of the Group’s business and seeks 
to remunerate its employees fairly, being flexible where practicable. The Group gives full and 
fair consideration to applications for employment received regardless of age, gender, colour, 
ethnicity,  disability,  nationality,  religious  beliefs,  transgender  status  or  sexual  orientation.  The 
Group  takes  account  of  employees’  interests  when  making  decisions  and  welcomes 
suggestions from employees aimed at improving the Group’s performance.  

The  Group  has  operated  projects  in  South  Africa,  Gabon  and  Togo,  and  is  commencing 
operations  in  Australia.  We  recruit  locally  as  many  of  our  employees  and  contractors  as 
practicable.  

Suppliers and contractors  
The Group recognises that the goodwill of its contractors, consultants and suppliers is important 
to its business success and seeks to build and maintain this goodwill through fair dealings. The 
Group has a prompt payment policy and seeks to settle all agreed liabilities within the terms 
agreed with suppliers. There have been occasions during the reporting period where this has 
been extended beyond normal terms as the Group has managed cash flow during the year 
during current difficult market conditions. 

Page 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

STRATEGIC REPORT 

Health and safety  
The Board recognises that it has a responsibility to provide strategic leadership and direction 
in  the  development  of  the  Group’s  health  and  safety  strategy  in  order  to  protect  all  of  its 
stakeholders. Except for the Australian subsidiaries, the Group does not have a formal health 
and safety policy at this time. This is re-evaluated as and when the Group’s nature and scale 
of activities change. 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 4 March 2016. 

David Reeves 
Managing Director 
4 March 2016 

Page 14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group 
for the year ended 30 September 2015. 

With effect from 11 December 2015, the name of the Company was changed from Ferrex PLC 
to Keras Resources PLC. 

The Group’s projects are set out in the strategic report. 

Review of business and financial performance 
Further  details  on  the  financial  position  and  development  of  the  Group  are  set  out  in  the 
Chairman’s Statement, the Strategic Report and the annexed financial statements. 

Results 
The Group reports an after-tax loss of £5,697,000 (2014: £2,005,000). 

Major events after the balance sheet date 

On  17  November  2015,  the  Company  announced  that  it  had  entered  an  agreement  to 
acquire 100% of  Australian private company, Chaffers Mining Pty Ltd (“Chaffers”). Chaffers 
has  negotiated  a  five  year  tribute  agreement  with  Paddington  Goldfields,  a  subsidiary  of 
Norton  Goldfields  ('Norton')  to  mine  certain  defined  gold  deposits  located  on  the  Norton 
leases, located 30km north of Kalgoorlie in the heart of the Western Australian goldfields, for 
treatment at Norton’s nearby Paddington processing plant. This was part of the Company’s 
focus on targeting near term cash flow potential projects in stable jurisdictions. 

On 1 February 2016, Keras announced that it had secured £563,889 loan note to commence 
gold  production  in  Australia  during  2016.  These  funds  will,  inter  alia,  provide  the  working 
capital need to commence production at the Grants Patch tribute project.  

Further  details  on  both  of  these  subsequent  events  can  be  found  in  the  respective 
announcements which are available from the Company’s website www.kerasplc.com. 

Dividends 
The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend for the year ended 30 September 
2015 (2014: £nil). 

Political donations 
There were no political donations during the year (2014: £nil). 

Going concern 
The Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. 
With the commencement of gold production expected in Q2 of 2016, the Group’s forecasts 
indicate that it will be cash flow positive from that time. External funding arrangements for the 
development  of  the  Nayega  project  will  be  obtained  prior  to  any  commitment  for  such 
development. 

Directors’ indemnities 
The Group maintains Directors and Officers liability insurance providing appropriate cover for 
any legal action brought against its Directors and/or officers. 

Page 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Corporate governance statement 
The Directors recognise the importance of sound corporate governance commensurate with 
the size and nature of the Group and the interests of its shareholders.  Keras complies insofar 
as the Directors consider appropriate for a company at Keras’ stage of development, with the 
Corporate Governance Code for Small and Mid-size Quoted Companies 2013, published by 
the  Quoted  Companies  Alliance.  The  Company  has  established  Audit  and  Remuneration 
Committees, with formally delegated duties and responsibilities. 

Audit Committee 
The Audit Committee, which comprises R Lamming, B Moritz and R Pitchford, and is chaired by 
B Moritz, is responsible for ensuring the financial performance, position and prospects of the 
Group are properly monitored and reported on and for meeting the auditors and reviewing 
their reports relating to accounts and internal controls.  Meetings of the Audit Committee are 
held at least twice a year, at appropriate times in the reporting and audit cycle.  The Audit 
Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting 
on  all  matters  for  which  it  has  responsibility.    The  members  of  the  Audit  Committee  are  re-
elected annually by the Board. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee, which now comprises R Lamming and R Pitchford and which is 
chaired  by  R  Lamming,  reviews  the  performance  of  the  executive  directors  and  sets  their 
remuneration, determines the payment of bonuses to executive directors and considers the 
future  allocation  of  share  options  and  other  equity  incentives  pursuant  to  any  share  option 
scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time to Directors and employees.  
Meetings of the Remuneration Committee are required to be held at least twice a year.  The 
Remuneration Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after 
each meeting on all matters for which it has responsibility.  The members of the Remuneration 
Committee are re-elected annually by the Board. 

Directors 
The following Directors held office during the period: 

B Moritz 
D Reeves  
J Carter 
R Lamming 
R Pitchford  

(Non-Executive Chairman) 
(Managing Director) 
(Finance Director)   
(Non-Executive Director) 
(Non-Executive Director) 

P Hepburn-Brown was appointed as a Director on 17 November 2015. 

Directors’ interests 

The beneficial interests of the Directors holding office on 30 September 2015 in the issued share 
capital of the Company were as follows: 

Page 16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

B Moritz 
J Carter1  
D Reeves3 
R Lamming2 
R Pitchford4 

30 September 2015 

30 September 2014 

Number of 
ordinary 
shares of 
0.01p each 
25,833,333 
2,777,778 
128,577,867 
42,881,944 
78,993,055 

Percentage  
of issued 
ordinary 
share  
capital 
2.30% 
0.25% 
11.68% 
3.90% 
7.18% 

Number of 
ordinary 
shares of 
0.05p each 
14,583,333 
2,777,778 
117,327,876 
42,881,944 
78,993,055 

  Percentage 
of issued 
ordinary 
share 
capital 
1.56% 
0.30% 
12.56% 
4.59% 
8.46% 

1These ordinary shares are held by the Carter Super Fund whose beneficiaries are J Carter and 
his spouse. 

2These ordinary shares are held by Clearwater Investments Group Limited, a company owned 
by the Clearwater Trust whose beneficiaries are members of R Lamming’s family. 

3These  ordinary  shares  are  held  by  the  Elwani  Trust  whose  beneficiaries  are  the  spouse  and 
children of D Reeves. 

4These ordinary shares are held by Blue Sky Mining Limited, a company owned by the Sarnia 
Trust whose beneficiaries are members of R Pitchford’s family. 

There have been no changes to these holdings since 30 September 2015. 

On his appointment as a director, Mr Hepburn-Brown held an aggregate 25,833,400 ordinary 
shares in Keras, representing 2.4 per cent. of the issued ordinary share capital, and resulting 
from the acquisition of Chaffers. There has been no change in that holding. Mr Hepburn-Brown 
is  entitled  to  be  allotted  further  ordinary  shares  up  to  a  value  of  £77,500,  through  earn  out 
arrangements relating to the acquisition of Chaffers. 

Directors’ remuneration and service contracts 
Details of remuneration payable to Directors including share based payments are disclosed in 
note 10 to these financial statements: 

B Moritz 
D Reeves  
J Carter 
R Lamming 
R Pitchford 

Remuneration 

£’000 

30 
125 
90 
33 
20 

298 

Share-
based 
payments 
£’000 
2 
6 
2 
2 
1 

13 

2015 
Total 
£’000 

32 
131 
92 
35 
21 

311 

2014 
Total 
£ ‘000 

36 
141 
81 
56 
23 

337 

The share-based payments represent the charge to the profit and loss account in respect of 
options granted to the Directors, these options were cancelled on 25 February 2015 as detailed 
in note 21 to these financial statements. 
Fees  payable  to  non-executive  directors  and  part  of  the  remuneration  of  the  executive 
directors have not been paid and are included with Trade and Other Payables. 

Page 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

DIRECTORS’ REPORT 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The Directors are responsible for preparing the strategic report,  the directors’ report and the 
financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  
Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union.  
The financial statements are required by law to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs 
of the Company and the Group of the Group’s profit or loss for that year.   

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently, 
make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
state whether the financial statements comply with IFRS as adopted by the European 
Union; and  
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate 
to presume that the Group and Company will continue in business 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to 
show  and  explain  the  Group’s  and  Company’s  transactions  and  disclose  with  reasonable 
accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and enable them 
to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006.  They are also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Statement of disclosure to auditor 
Each Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that; 

So far as that are aware, 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s auditor is unaware; and 
they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of 
any  relevant  audit  information  and  to  establish  that  the  auditor  is  aware  of  that 
information. 

Auditor 
Chantrey Vellacott DFK LLP merged its practice with Moore Stephens LLP with effect from 1 
May 2015 and now practises under the name of Moore Stephens LLP. A resolution to re-appoint 
Moore Stephens LLP as auditor will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. 

By order of the Board 
Brian Moritz 
Director 
4 March 2016

Page 18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF KERAS RESOURCES PLC  

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Keras  Resources  PLC  for  the  year  ended  30 
September 2015 which comprise the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the 
consolidated statement of financial position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, 
the consolidated statement of cash flows, the Company statement of financial position, the 
Company  statement  of  changes  in  equity,  the  Company  statement  of  cash  flows  and  the 
related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of 
the  financial  statements  is  applicable  law  and  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards 
(IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the Company financial statements, 
as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 
3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might 
state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s 
report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or 
assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 

As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement, the Directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view. Our  responsibility is to audit and express an opinion  on the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and International Standards on  Auditing (UK and Ireland). 
Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board's Ethical Standards for 
Auditors. 

Scope of the audit of the financial statements 

A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s web-site at www.frc.org.uk/auditscopeukprivate. 

Page 19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF KERAS RESOURCES PLC (CONTINUED) 

Opinion on financial statements 

In our opinion: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the  Group's and of the Company's 
affairs as at 30 September 2015 and of the Group's loss for the year then ended; 
the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted 
by the European Union; 
the Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted 
by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the Provisions of the Companies Act 2006; 
and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion the information given in the Directors' Report and the Strategic Report for the financial year for 
which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to 
report to you if, in our opinion: 

(cid:2)  adequate  accounting  records  have  not  been  kept  by  the  Company,  or  returns  adequate  for  our 

audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 
the Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2)  certain disclosures of Directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
(cid:2)  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

IAN STAUNTON FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of MOORE STEPHENS LLP 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor 
London 
4 March 2016 

Page 20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

Revenue 
Cost of sales 
Gross profit 

Administrative and exploration 
expenses 
Loss from operating activities 

Finance income 
Finance costs 
Net finance costs 

Results from operating activities after finance costs 

Impairment of assets 
Loss before tax 

Tax 
Loss for the year 

Other comprehensive income 
Exchange translation on foreign operations 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 
Loss for the year 

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Loss per share 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence) 

All activities are classed as continuing 

Notes 

11 
11 

14 

12 

2015 
£’000 

2014 
£’000 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

(1,180) 

(1,488) 

(1,180) 

(1,488) 

- 
(78) 
(78) 

- 
(426) 
(426) 

(1,258) 

(1,914) 

(4,458) 
(5,716) 

- 
(5,716) 

19 
(5,697) 

(5,450) 
(266) 
(5,716) 

(5,373) 
(324) 
(5,697) 

- 
(1,914) 

126 
(1,788) 

(217) 
(2,005) 

(1,692) 
(96) 
(1,788) 

(1,909) 
(96) 
(2,005) 

20 

(0.528) 

(0.192) 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets  
Non-current assets 

Loans 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Current assets 
Total assets 

Equity 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Other reserves 
Retained deficit 
Equity attributable to owners of the Company 
Non-controlling interests 
Total equity 

Liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 
Current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

13 
14 

16 
17 
18 

19 

22 
23 

2015 
£’000 

35 
1,171 
1,206 

- 
52 
64 
116 
1,322 

5,504 
6,371 
523 
(11,275) 
1,123 
(661) 
462 

375 
485 
860 
860 
1,322 

2014 
£’000 

65 
5,526 
5,591 

- 
73 
107 
180 
5,771 

4,669 
6,439 
425 
(5,825) 
5,708 
(337) 
5,371 

- 
400 
400 
400 
5,771 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 4  March 2016.  
They were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz, Director 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

Cash flows from operating activities   
Loss from operating activities 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Foreign exchange differences 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

Changes in: 
-  trade and other receivables 
-  trade and other payables 
Cash used in operating activities 

Finance costs 
Taxes paid 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Exploration expenditure 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital 
Proceeds from short term borrowings 
Net cash flows from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash 
equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September 

2015 
£’000 

2014 
£’000 

(1,180) 

(1,488) 

15 
(1) 
139 
21 
(1,006) 

12 
177 
(817) 

(15) 
- 
(832) 

13 
- 
(224) 
(211) 

655 
345 
1,000 

(43) 

107 
64 

25 
- 
(81) 
54 
(1,490) 

19 
129 
(1,342) 

(8) 
126 
(1,224) 

- 
(7) 
(631) 
(638) 

1,743 
- 
1,743 

(119) 

226 
107 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Investments 
Non-current assets 

Loans 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Current assets 

Total assets 

Equity 

Share capital 
Share premium 
Reserves 
Retained deficit 
Total equity attributable to owners of the Company 

Liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 
Current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

13 
15 

16 
17 
18 

19 

22 
23 

2015 
£’000 

1 
- 
1 

1,770 
29 
57 
1,856 

1,857 

5,504 
6,371 
250 
(11,055) 
1,070 

375 
412 
787 

787 

2014 
£’000 

1 
1,778 
1,779 

6,322 
52 
72 
6,446 

8,225 

4,669 
6,439 
229 
(3,465) 
7,872 

- 
353 
353 

353 

1,857 

8,225 

The financial statements of Keras Resources PLC, company number 07353748, were approved by the Board 
of Directors and authorised for issue on 3 March 2016  They were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz, Director 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

Share  
capital 
£‘000 

Share 
premium 
£‘000 

Share option 
reserve 
£‘000 

Balance at 1 October 2013 

4,026 

4,912 

175 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss  
for the period 

Issue of ordinary shares 
Costs of share issue 
Share-based payments 

- 

- 

643 
- 
- 
643 

Balance at 30 September 2014 

4,669 

- 

- 

1,726 
(199) 
- 
1,527 

6,439 

Retained 
deficit 

£‘000 
(2,303) 

Total 
equity 
£ ‘000 

6,810 

(1,162) 

(1,162) 

(1,162) 

(1,162) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

2,369 
(199) 
54 
2,224 

7,872 

- 

- 

- 
- 
54 
54 

229 

(3,465) 

Balance at 1 October 2014 

4,669 

6,439 

229 

(3,465) 

7,872 

Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss 
for the year 

Issue of ordinary shares 
Costs of share issue 
Share-based payments 

- 

- 

835 
- 
- 
835 

- 

- 

- 
(68) 
- 
(68) 

- 

- 

- 
- 
21 
21 

(7,590) 

(7,590) 

(7,590) 

(7,590) 

- 
- 
- 
- 

835 
(68) 
21 
788 

Balance at 30 September 2015 

5,504 

6,371 

250 

(11,055) 

1,070 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities 
Adjustments for: 
Fair value adjustment on financial instrument 
Depreciation 
Equity-settled share-based payments  

Changes in: 
-  trade and other receivables 
-  trade and other payables 
Cash used in operating activities 

Finance costs 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Net cash flows used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share 
capital 
Proceeds from short term borrowing 
Loans to subsidiaries  
Net cash flows from financing activities 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of 
period 
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September 

2015 
£’000 

(723) 

- 
- 
21 
(702) 

14 
159 
(529) 

(23) 
(552) 

- 
- 

655 

345 
(463) 
537 

(15) 

72 

57 

2014 
£’000 

(1,162) 

404 
- 
54 
(704) 

(30) 
155 
(579) 

23 
(556) 

(1) 
(1) 

1,743 

- 
(1,287) 
456 

(101) 

173 

72 

The notes on pages 29 to 55 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 
Page 28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

1. 

2. 

3. 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

Reporting entity 
Keras Resources PLC is a company domiciled in England and Wales.  The address of the Company’s 
registered office is 27/28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH.   The Group currently operates as an 
explorer and developer and aims to commence production at its Australian gold projects in 2016. 

Going concern 
After making enquiries and as more fully explained in the Directors Report on page 15, the Directors 
have  formed  a  judgement  that,  as  at  the  date  of  approving  the  financial  statements,  there  is  a 
reasonable expectation that the Group and the Company have adequate resources to continue in 
operational  existence  for  the  foreseeable  future.    For  this  reason,  the  Directors  have  adopted  the 
going concern basis in preparing the accounts. 

Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and 
as adopted by the European Union. 

The Company’s individual statement of comprehensive income has been omitted from the Group’s 
annual financial statements having taken advantage of the exemption not to disclose under Section 
408(3)  of  the  Companies  Act  2006.    The  Company’s  comprehensive  loss  for  the  period  ended  30 
September 2015 was £7,590,000 (2014: £1,162,000).  

Basis of measurement 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  the  historical  cost  basis  unless 
otherwise stated. 

Functional and presentation currency 
These consolidated financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling (‘GBP’ or ‘£’), which is the 
Group’s  functional  currency  and  is  considered  by  the  Directors  to  be  the  most  appropriate 
presentation currency to assist the users of the financial statements.  All financial information presented 
in GBP has been rounded to the nearest thousand, except when otherwise indicated. 

Use of estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS, as adopted by the 
EU,  requires  management  to  make  judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the 
application  of  accounting  policies  and  the  reported  amounts  of  assets,  liabilities,  income  and 
expenses.  The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various 
other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form 
the  basis  of  making  judgements  about  carrying  values  of  assets  and  liabilities  that  are  not  readily 
apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates  and  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.    Revisions  to  accounting 
estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only 
that period, or in the period of revision and future periods of the revision if it affects both current and 
future periods. 

Critical estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised 
in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and/or  have  a  significant  risk  of  resulting  in  a  material 
adjustment within the next financial year are as follows: 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

Carrying value of intangible assets 
Share-based payments 

– Notes 4(e)(i) and 14 
- Notes 4(g) and 21 

Page 29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(a) 

(i)

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

(v) 

Significant accounting policies 
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these 
consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by Group entities. 

Basis of consolidation 

Business combinations 
The  Group  accounts  for  business  combinations  using  the  acquisition  method  when  control  is 
transferred to the Group.  The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair 
value,  as  are  identifiable  net  assets  acquired.    Any  goodwill  that  arises  is  tested  annually  for 
impairment.  Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognised in profit or loss immediately.  Transaction 
costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the issue of debt or equity securities. 

The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the  settlement  of  pre-existing 
relationships.  Such amounts generally are recognised in profit or loss. 

Any  contingent  consideration  payable  is  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date.    If  an 
obligation  to  pay  contingent  consideration  that  meets  the  definition  of  a  financial  instrument  is 
classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity.  Otherwise, 
contingent consideration is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date and subsequent changes 
in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group.  The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, 
or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those 
returns through its power over the entity.  The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the 
consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases. 

Non-controlling interests 
Non-controlling interests are measured at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net 
assets at the date of acquisition. 

Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for 
as equity transactions. 

Loss of control 
When  the  Group  loses  control  over  a  subsidiary,  it  derecognises  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the 
subsidiary, and any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity.  Any resulting 
gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.  Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at 
fair value when control is lost.   

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-
group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.  

Page 30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(b) 

(i)

(c) 

(i)

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Foreign currency  
Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  translated  into  the  respective  functional  currencies  of  Group 
entities  at  exchange  rates  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.    Monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the reporting date.   

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value 
in a foreign currency  are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate  when the fair 
value was determined.  Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign 
currency  are  translated  at  the  exchange  rate  at  the  date  of  the  transaction.    Foreign  currency 
differences are generally recognised in profit or loss. 

Foreign operations   
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and the fair value adjustments arising 
on  acquisition,  are  translated  to  GBP  at  exchange  rates  at  the  reporting  date.    The  income  and 
expenses  of  foreign  operations  are  translated  to  GBP  at  exchange  rates  at  the  dates  of  the 
transactions. 

Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the 
translation reserve except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to non-controlling 
interests.  When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant 
influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign 
operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal.  If the Group disposes of  
part of its interest in a subsidiary  but retains control,  then  the relevant proportion of the cumulative 
amount  is  reattributed  to  non-controlling  interests.    When  the  Group  disposes  of  only  part  of  an 
associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion 
of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

Financial instruments 

Non-derivative financial assets 
The Group initially recognises loans and receivables on the date that they are originated.  All other 
financial assets are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group becomes 
a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset 
expire,  or  it  transfers  the  rights  to  receive  the  contractual  cash  flows  in  a  transaction  in  which 
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred.  Any interest 
in such transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Group is recognised as a separate 
asset  or  liability.  Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  and  the  net  amount  presented  in  the 
statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable 
right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and 
settle the liability simultaneously. 

The Group’s non-derivative financial assets comprise loans and receivables. 

Loans and receivables 
Loans and receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted 
in  an  active  market.    Such  assets  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  plus  any  directly  attributable 
transaction costs.  Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables are measured at amortised 
cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses (see note 4(f)(i)). 

Page 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(c) 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Financial instruments (continued) 

(i)

Non-derivative financial assets (continued) 

Loans and receivables (continued) 
Loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with maturities of three months 
or less from the acquisition date that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value, 
and are used by the Group in the management of its short-term commitments.  

(ii) 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
The Group initially recognises debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities on the date that they 
are originated.  All other financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date 
that the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The  Group  derecognises  a  financial  liability  when  its  contractual  obligations  are  discharged, 
cancelled or expire. 

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the other financial liabilities category.  Such 
financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs.  
Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the 
effective interest method. 

Other financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. 

(iii) 

Share capital 

(d) 

(i)

Ordinary shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity.  Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary 
shares are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement 
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and 
any  accumulated  impairment  losses.    Cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly  attributable  to  the 
acquisition of the asset.   

When  parts  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  have  different  useful  lives,  they  are 
accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference 
between the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit 
or loss. 

(ii) 

Subsequent costs 
Subsequent  expenditure  is  capitalised  only  when  it  is  probable  that  the  future  economic  benefits 
associated  with  the  expenditure  will  flow  to  the  Group.    Ongoing  repairs  and  maintenance  is 
expensed as incurred. 

Page 32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(d) 

(iii) 

(e) 

(i)

(ii) 

(iii) 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Depreciation 
Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis in the statement of 
comprehensive income over the estimated useful lives of each component. 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and 
are  ready  for  use,  or  in  respect  of  internally  constructed  assets,  from  the  date  that  the  asset  is 
completed and ready for use. 

The estimated useful lives of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 
(cid:2) 

plant and equipment   
office equipment 
computer equipment   
 motor vehicles  

10 years 
2 years 
2 years 
5 years 

Depreciation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and 
adjusted if appropriate. 

Intangible assets 

Prospecting and exploration rights 
Rights acquired with subsidiaries are recognised at fair value at the date of acquisition.  Other rights 
acquired and evaluation expenditure are recognised at cost.   

Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at 
cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. 

Subsequent expenditure 
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied 
in  the  specific  asset  to  which  it  relates.    All  other  expenditure,  including  expenditure  on  internally 
generated goodwill and brands, is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. 

Page 33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(e) 

(iv) 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Intangible assets (continued) 

Amortisation 
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis in profit or loss over their estimated useful lives, 
from the date that they are available for use. 

The estimated useful lives are as follows: 

(cid:2) 

Prospecting and exploration rights 

Life of mine based on units of  production 

Amortisation  methods,  useful  lives  and  residual  values  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and 
adjusted if appropriate. 

Amortisation is included within administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. 

(f)  

Impairment 

(i)

Non-derivative financial assets 
A financial asset not classified as at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date 
to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired.  A financial assets is impaired if 
there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the 
initial recognition of the asset, and had an impact on the estimated future cash flows from that asset 
that can be estimated reliably. 

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, 
restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, 
indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of 
borrowers  or  issuers,  economic  conditions  that  correlate  with  defaults  or  the  disappearance  of  an 
active  market  for  a  security.    In  addition,  for  an  investment  in  an  equity  security,  a  significant  or 
prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment. 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost 
The Group considers evidence of impairment for financial assets measured at amortised cost (loans 
and receivables) at both a specific asset and collective level.   All individually significant assets are 
assessed for specific impairment.  Those found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively 
assessed  for  any  impairment  that  has  been  incurred  but  not  yet  identified.    Assets  that  are  not 
individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together assets with similar 
risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical trends of the probability of default, the 
timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgement as to 
whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater 
or less than suggested by historical trends. 

An  impairment  loss  in  respect  of  a  financial  asset  measured  at  amortised  cost  is  calculated  as  the 
difference  between  its  carrying  amount  and  the  present  value  of  the  estimated  future  cash  flows 
discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate.  Losses are recognised in profit  or loss and 
reflected in an allowance against loans and receivables.  Interest on the impaired asset continues to 
be recognised.  When an event occurring after the impairment was recognised causes the amount 
of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss. 

Page 34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(f) 

(ii) 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Impairment (continued). 

Non-financial assets 
The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Group’s  non-financial  assets,  are  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine  whether  there  is  any  indication  of  impairment.    If  any  such  indication  exists,  the  asset’s 
recoverable amount is estimated.  Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually 
for impairment or when there is an indication of impairment.  An impairment loss is recognised if the 
carrying amount of an asset or Cash Generating Unit (‘CGU’) exceeds its recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount of an asset of CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs 
to sell.  In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value 
using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and 
the  risks  specific  to  the  asset  or  CGU.    For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  assets  are  grouped 
together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are 
largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or CGUs.  Subject to an operating segment 
ceiling test, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which 
impairment  testing is  performed  reflects  the  lowest  level  at which  goodwill  is  monitored  for  internal 
reporting purposes.  Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGUs that 
are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss.  Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs 
are  allocated  first to  reduce  the  carrying  amount  of  any  goodwill  allocated  to  the  CGU  (group  of 
CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on 
a pro rata basis. 

An  impairment  loss  in  respect  of  goodwill  is  not  reversed.    For  other  assets,  an  impairment  loss  is 
reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does  not exceed the carrying amount 
that  would  have  been  determined,  net  of  depreciation  or  amortisation,  if  no  impairment  loss  had 
been recognised. 

(g) 

Employee benefits 

Share-based payments 
The grant-date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an 
employee  expense,  with  a  corresponding  increase  in  equity,  over  the  period  that  the  employees 
become unconditionally entitled to the awards.  The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to 
reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions 
are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the 
number  of  awards  that  meet  the  related  service  and  non-market  performance  conditions  at  the 
vesting date.  For share-based payment awards with non-vesting conditions, the grant-date fair value 
of  the  share-based  payment  is  measured  to  reflect  such  conditions  and  there  is  no  adjustment  for 
differences between expected and actual outcomes. 

(h) 

Revenue 
Revenue from the sale of precious metals is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income 
when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer excluding sales 
taxes. 

Page 35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

4. 

(i)

(j) 

Significant accounting policies (continued) 

Finance income and finance costs 
Finance income comprises interest income on bank funds.  Interest income is recognised as it accrues 
in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings. 

Taxation 
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.  Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or 
loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity 
or in other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using 
tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable 
in  respect  of  previous  years.    Current  tax  payable  also  includes  any  tax  liability  arising  from  the 
declaration of dividends. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.  Deferred 
tax is not recognised for: 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

(cid:2) 

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not 
a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 
temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the 
extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and 
taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences 
when they reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax 
liabilities and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable 
entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis 
or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which 
they can be used.  Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are 
reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.  

(k)

Segment reporting 
Segment results that are reported to management include items directly attributable to a segment as 
well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 

Page 36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

5. 

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted 
Certain  standards,  amendments  to  published  standards  and  interpretations  have  been  issued  that 
are mandatory for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 October 2014 or later periods, but which 
the Group has not early adopted.    

At the reporting date of these financial statements, the following were in issue but not yet effective: 

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements  
Amendments to IAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment  
Amendments to IAS 24  Related Party Disclosures  
Amendments to IFRS 7  Financial Instruments : Disclosures  
Amendments to IFRS 8  Operating Segments  
Amendments to IAS 27  Separate Financial Statements  
Amendments to IAS 38 Intangible Assets 
Investment Entities (Amendments to IFRS 10 and IFRS 12 ) 

6. 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

Where  relevant,  the  Group  is  evaluating  the  effect  of  these  Standards,  amendments  to  published 
Standards  and  Interpretations  issued  but  not  yet  effective,  on  the  presentation  of  its  financial 
statements. 

Determination of fair values 
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, 
for  both  financial  and  non-financial  assets  and  liabilities.    Fair  values  have  been  determined  for 
measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods.  When applicable further 
information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to 
that asset or liability. 

Property, plant and equipment 
The fair value of property, plant and equipment recognised as a result of a business combination is 
the estimated amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of acquisition between 
a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s length transaction after proper marketing wherein the 
parties had each acted knowledgeably.  The fair value of items of plant and equipment is based on 
the  market  approach  and  cost  approaches  using  quoted  market  prices  for  similar  items  when 
available  and  depreciated  replacement  cost  when  appropriate.    Depreciated  replacement  cost 
reflects adjustments for physical deterioration as well as functional and economic obsolescence. 

Intangible assets 
The fair value of other intangible assets is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived 
from the use and eventual sale of the assets. 

Trade and other receivables 
The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated at the present value of future cash flows, 
discounted  at  the  market  rate  of  interest  at  the  reporting  date.    This  fair  value  is  determined  for 
disclosure purposes or when such assets are acquired in a business combination. 

Share-based payments 
The  fair  value  of  the  employee  share  options  is  measured  using  the  Black-Scholes  formula.  
Measurement  inputs  include  the  share  price  on  the  measurement  date,  the  exercise  price  of  the 
instrument,  expected  volatility  (based  on  an  evaluation  of  the  Company’s  historic  volatility, 
particularly over the historic period commensurate with the expected term), expected term of the 
instruments  (based  on  historical  experience  and  general  option  holder  behaviour),  expected 
dividends,  and  the  risk-free  interest  rate  (based  on  government  bonds).    Service  and  non-market 
performance conditions attached to the transactions are not taken into account in determining fair 
value. 

Page 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

7. 

Operating segments 
The Group considers that it operates in two distinct business areas, being that of iron ore exploration, 
and that of manganese exploration.  These business areas form the basis of the Group’s operating 
segments.  For each segment, the Group’s Managing Director (the chief operating decision maker) 
reviews internal management reports on at least a quarterly basis. 

Other operations relate to the Group’s administrative functions conducted at its head office and by 
its intermediate holding company together with consolidation adjustments. 

Information  regarding  the  results  of  each  reportable  segment  is  included  below.    Performance  is 
measured based on segment profit before tax, as included in the internal management reports that 
are reviewed by the Group’s Managing Director.  Segment results are used to measure performance 
as management believes that such information is the most relevant in evaluating the performance of 
certain segments relative to other entities that operate within the exploration industry.  

Page 38 

 
 
 
 
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KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

8. 

Expenses  

Expenses include: 

Depreciation and amortisation expense 
Auditor’s remuneration 
- Audit fee 
- Other services 
-Tax services 
Foreign exchange differences 

2015 
£‘000 

2014 
 £‘000 

15 

28 
3 
- 
4 

25 

25 
3 
4 
59 

2014 
£‘000 
285 
175 
54 

514 

Auditor’s remuneration in respect of the Company amounted to £10,000 (2014: £10,000).   

9. 

Personnel expenses 

Wages and salaries 
Fees 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

2015 
£‘000 
284 
228 
21 

533 

Fees  in  respect  of  the  services  of  D  Reeves  are  payable  to  a  third  party,  Wilgus  Investments  (Pty) 
Limited. 
Fees in respect of the services of R Lamming are payable to a third party, Parallell Resources Limited. 

The average number of employees (including directors) during the period was: 

Directors 
Key management personnel 
Other 

2015 
5 
2 
5 
12 

2014 
5 
2 
5 
12 

Page 41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

10. 

Directors’ emoluments 
2015 

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)  
Compulsory social security contributions 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

2014 

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)  
Compulsory social security contributions 
Equity-settled share-based payments 

Executive  
directors 
£’000 

228 
- 
8 
236 

Executive  
directors 
£’000 

230 
- 
26 
256 

Non-
executive 
directors 
£‘000 
70 
- 
5 
75 

Non-
executive 
directors 
£‘000 
70 
- 
11 
81 

Total 
 £‘000 

298 
- 
13 
311 

Total 
 £‘000 

300 
- 
37 
337 

Emoluments disclosed above include the following amounts payable to the highest paid director: 

Emoluments for qualifying services 

2015 
£‘000 
131 

2014  
£’000 
141 

As detailed in note 21, on 25 February 2015 all share options and warrants issued were cancelled. 

Key management personnel 
Included in note 9 are emoluments paid to key management personnel in the year which amounted 
to £90,000 (2014: £100,000).   

Page 42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

11. 

Finance income and finance costs 

Recognised in loss for period 

Interest income on cash balances held 
Finance income 

Fair value adjustment to financial instruments 
Other 
Finance costs 

12. 

Taxation 

Current tax expense 

Tax recognised in profit or loss 
Current tax expense 
Current period 

Deferred tax expense 
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 

Total tax expense  

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

2015 
£‘000 
- 
- 

- 
78 
78 

2015 
£‘000 

- 

- 

- 

2015 
£’000 

2014 
£‘000 
- 
- 

403 
23 
426 

2014 
£‘000 

(126) 

- 

(126) 

2014 
£’000 

Loss before tax 

(5,716) 

(1,788) 

Tax using the Company’s domestic tax rate of 20.5% (2014: 22.0%) 

(1,172) 

(393) 

Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Overseas losses 
Equity-settled share-based payments 
Tax reclaimed on research and development expenditure 
Tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset 

974 
95 
4 
- 
99 
- 

116 
138 
12 
126 
127 
126 

None of the components of other comprehensive income have a tax impact. 

Factors that may affect future tax charges 
At the year end, the Group had unused tax losses available for offset against suitable future profits of 
approximately £2,992,000 (2014: £2,507,000).  A deferred tax asset has not been recognised in respect 
of such losses due to uncertainty of future profit streams. 

Page 43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

13. 

Property, plant and equipment 
Group 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Additions 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Additions 
Disposals 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Depreciation for the year 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Depreciation for the year 
Depreciation eliminated on disposals 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2013 
At 30 September 2014 
At 30 September 2015 

Plant and 
equipment 
£’000 

Office and 
computer 
equipment 
£’000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

27 
3 
(2) 
28 

28 
- 
- 
(1) 
27 

3 
5 
8 

8 
4 
- 
- 
12 

24 
20 
15 

47 
4 
(2) 
49 

49 
- 
(1) 
- 
48 

24 
5 
29 

29 
5 
(1) 
- 
33 

23 
20 
15 

68 
- 
(5) 
63 

63 
- 
(39) 
(3) 
21 

23 
15 
38 

38 
6 
(27) 
(1) 
16 

45 
25 
5 

142 
7 
(9) 
140 

140 
- 
(40) 
(4) 
96 

50 
25 
75 

75 
15 
(28) 
(1) 
61 

92 
65 
35 

Page 44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

13. 

Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Company 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Additions 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Additions 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Depreciation for the year 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Depreciation for the year 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2013 
At 30 September 2014 
At 30 September 2015 

Computer 
equipment 
£’000 

Total 
£’000 

4 
1 
5 

5 
- 
5 

4 
- 
4 

4 
- 
4 

- 
1 
1 

4 
1 
5 

5 
- 
5 

4 
- 
4 

4 
- 
4 

- 
1 
1 

Page 45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

14. 

Intangible assets 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Additions 
Effect of movement in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Additions 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Amortisation and impairment losses 
Balance at 1 October 2013 
Balance at 30 September 2014 

Balance at 1 October 2014 
Impairment 
Effect of movements in exchange rates 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

Carrying amounts 
Balance at 30 September 2013 
Balance at 30 September 2014 
Balance at 30 September 2015 

  Prospecting 
and 
exploration 
rights 

£000 

5,022 
631 
(127) 
5,526 

5,526 
224 
(160) 
5,590 

- 
- 

- 
4,458 
(39) 
4,419 

5,022 
5,526 
1,171 

The carrying value of the prospecting and exploration rights is supported by the estimated resource 
and  current market values. 

Page 46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

15. 

Investment in subsidiaries 

Company 

Equity investments 
Balance at beginning of period 
Impairment 
Balance at 30 September 

Directly 
Ferrex Iron Limited 

Ferrex Manganese Limited 

Southern Iron Limited 

Ferrex Australia (Pty)Limited 

Indirectly  
Moongate 218 (Pty) Limited 

Southern MN (Pty) Limited 

2015 
£’000 

1,778 
(1,778) 
- 

2014 
£’000 

1,778 
- 
1,778 

Ownership interest 

2015 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

74% 

74% 

74% 

85% 

2014 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

74% 

74% 

74% 

85% 

Activity 

  Country of  
incorporation 

Investment 

Investment 

Investment 

United 
Kingdom 
United 
Kingdom 
  Guernsey 

Research and 
development 

Australia 

Exploration 

Exploration 

South 
Africa 
South 
Africa 
South 
Africa 
Togo 

Umbono Mineral Holdings (Pty) Ltd  

Exploration 

Société Générale de Mine 

Exploration 

Ressources Equatoriales SARL 

Exploration 

Gabon 

78.3% 

78.3% 

16. 

Loans 

Group 

Balance at beginning of period 
Provisions against loans at beginning of period 
Balance at 30 September 

Company 

Balance at beginning of period 
Funds advanced to and ordinary shares issued on behalf of 

subsidiary undertakings 

Provisions against loans 
Balance at 30 September 

2015 
£‘000 
119 
(119) 
- 

2015 
£‘000 
6,322 
463 

(5,015) 
1,770 

2014 
£‘000 
119 
(119) 
- 

2014 
£‘000 
5,035 
1,287 

- 
6,322 

Group loans are to third parties in respect of costs relating to exploration rights.  Due to the uncertainty 
of  obtaining  the  necessary  licences  a  provision  has  been  made  against  these  loans.  All  loans  are 
currently unsecured and interest free. 

Page 47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

17. 

Trade and other receivables 

Group 

Other receivables 
Prepayments 

Company 

Other receivables 
Prepayments 

2015 
£‘000 
37 
15 
52 

2015 
£‘000 
15 
14 
29 

Other receivables are stated at their nominal value less allowances for non-recoverability. 

The Group and Company’s exposure to credit and currency risk is disclosed in note 24. 

18. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Bank balances 
Cash and cash equivalents  

Company 

Bank balances 
Cash and cash equivalents  

2015 
£‘000 
64 
64 

2015 
£‘000 
57 
57 

2014 
£‘000 
58 
15 
73 

2014 
£‘000 
38 
14 
52 

2014 
£‘000 
107 
107 

2014 
£‘000 
72 
72 

There is no material difference between the fair value of cash and cash equivalents and their book 
value. 

Page 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

19. 

Capital and reserves 

Share capital  

In issue at beginning of year 
Issued for cash 
Issued in connection with acquisition of subsidiary                         
In issue at 30 September – fully paid  

Balance at beginning of year 
Share issues 
Balance at 30 September 

Number of ordinary shares 
of £0.005 each 
2015 
933,794,390 
167,000,000 
- 
1,100,794,390 

2014 
805,179,963 
128,614,427 
- 
933,794,390 

Ordinary share capital 

2015 
£‘000 
4,669 
835 
5,504 

2014 
£‘000 
4,026 
643 
4,669 

Ordinary shares 
All shares rank equally with regard to the Company’s residual assets. 

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are 
entitled to one vote per share at meetings of the Company.   

Issue of ordinary shares 
On  25  February  2015,  167  million  ordinary  shares  were  issued,  of  these,  144.5  million  were  issued  for 
cash at a price of £0.005 per ordinary share and 22.5 million were issued at £0.005 per ordinary share 
to settle loans from D Reeves and B Moritz.  

Share option reserve 
The  share  option  reserve  comprises  the  cumulative  entries  made  to  the consolidated  statement of 
comprehensive income in respect of the equity-settled share-based payments. 

Exchange reserve 
The  exchange  reserve  comprises  all  foreign  currency  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  the 
financial statements of foreign operations. 

Page 49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

20. 

Loss per share 

Basic and diluted loss per share 
The  calculation  of  basic  loss  per  share  at  30  September  2015  is  based  on  the  loss  attributable  to 
ordinary shareholders of £5,450,000 (2014: £1,692,000), and a weighted average number of ordinary 
shares in issue of 1,033,079,321 (2014: 880,614,829), calculated as follows: 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Issued ordinary shares at beginning of year 
Effect of shares issued 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

2015 
933,794,390 
99,284,931 
  1,033,079,321 

2014 
805,179,963 
75,434,866 
880,614,829 

The share options in issue are considered to be antidilutive and as a result, basic and diluted loss per 
share are the same. 

21. 

Share-based payments 

The  Company  operated  a  share  option  programme  that  entitled  key  management  personnel  to 
purchase  shares  in  the  Company.    The  terms  and  conditions  of  the  share  option  programme  were 
disclosed in the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended 30 September 2014. 
On 25 February 2015 all share options and warrants issued were cancelled. 

22. 

Loans and borrowings 

Group and Company 

Unsecured loan notes 

2015 
£‘000 
375 
375 

2014 
£‘000 
- 
- 

The loan notes carry interest at 10% per annum and are repayable on demand. 

Page 50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

23. 

Trade and other payables 

Group 

Trade payables 
Accrued expenses 
Other payables 

Company 

Accrued expenses 
Other payables 

2015 
£‘000 
98 
347 
40 
485 

2015 
£‘000 
339 
73 
412 

2014 
£‘000 
99 
166 
135 
400 

2014 
£‘000 
158 
195 
353 

There is no material difference between the fair value of trade and other payables and accruals and 
their book value.  The Group’s and Company’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade 
and other payables is disclosed in note 24. 

24. 

Financial instruments 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks that include liquidity risk.  The Group has 
in  place  a  risk  management  programme  that  seeks  to  limit  the  adverse  effect  of  such  risks  on  its 
financial performance. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails to meet its contractual obligations.   

Management has a credit policy in place of and the exposure to credit risk is monitored on an ongoing 
basis.   

Exposure to credit risk 
The  carrying  amount  of  financial  assets  represents  the  maximum  credit  exposure.    The  maximum 
exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was as follows. 

Group 

Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Company 

Loans 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Note 

17 
18 

Note 

16 
17 
18 

Carrying amount 

2015 
£‘000 
52 
64 
116 

Carrying amount 

2015 
£‘000 
1,770 
29 
57 
1,856 

2014 
£‘000 
73 
107 
180 

2014 
£‘000 
6,322 
52 
72 
6,446 

Page 51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

24. 

Financial instruments (continued) 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated 
with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset.   

The Group reviews its facilities regularly to ensure it has adequate funds for operations and expansion 
plans.  

The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  financial  liabilities,  including  estimated  interest 
payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements. 

Group 
2015 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables 

2014 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade payables 

Company 
2015 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Loans and borrowings 
Trade payables 

2014 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

  Contractual 
cash flows 
£‘000 

  2 months or 
less 
£‘000 

375 
485 
860 

(375) 
(485) 
(860) 

(375) 
(485) 
(860) 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

  Contractual 
cash flows 
£‘000 

  2 months or 
less 
£‘000 

400 
400 

(400) 
(400) 

(400) 
(400) 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

  Contractual 
cash flows 
£‘000 

  2 months or 
less 
£‘000 

375 
412 
787 

(375) 
(412) 
(787) 

(375) 
(412) 
(787) 

Carrying 
amount 
£’000 

  Contractual 
cash flows 
£‘000 

  2 months or 
less 
£‘000 

353 
353 

(353) 
(353) 

(353) 
(353) 

Page 52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

24. 

Financial instruments (continued) 

Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and 
equity prices will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments.  The 
objective  of  market  risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within 
acceptable parameters, while optimising the return.  At present, the Directors do not consider these 
risks to be significant to the Group. 

Currency risk 
The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on purchases that are denominated in currencies other 
than GBP.   The currencies giving rise to this risk  are primarily South  African Rand and the  Australian 
Dollar.  The Group places deposits in these currencies to manage the exposure to changes in future 
cash outflows in these currencies. 

Fair values 
The fair values of financial instruments such as trade and other receivables/payables are substantially 
equivalent to carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheet. 

Capital management 
The  Group’s  objective  when  managing  capital  is  to  safeguard  its  accumulated  capital  in  order  to 
provide  an  adequate  return  to  shareholders  by  maintaining  a  sufficient  level  of  funds,  in  order  to 
support continued operations.  

 The Group considers its capital to be total shareholders’ equity which at 30 September 2015 for the 
Group  totalled  £1,123,000  (2014:  £5,708,000)  and  for  the  Company  totalled  £1,070,000  (2014: 
£7,872,000). 

25. 

Related parties 
The Group’s related parties include its key management personnel and others as described below. 

Except for interest on inter-company loans, transactions with related parties take place on terms no 
more  favourable  than  transactions  with  unrelated  parties.    No  guarantees  have  been  given  or 
received and all outstanding balances are usually settled in cash. 

D Reeves advanced £375,000 to the Group in the period via loan notes, subject to an arrangement 
fee  of  £30,000.    As  detailed  in  note  22  these  loan  notes  carry  interest  at  10%  per  annum  and  are 
repayable on demand.  

D Reeves and B Moritz each advanced £50,000 to the Group in the previous period.  As detailed in 
note 19, these loans plus a premium of £12,500 in total were settled by the issue of ordinary shares.   

Page 53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

25. 

Related parties (continued) 

Other related party transactions 

Transactions with Group companies 
The Company had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Southern Iron Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

Ferrex Iron Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

Ferrex Manganese Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

Ferrex Australia Pty Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

2015 
£’000 

1,000 

2014 
£’000 

3,770 

- 

2,387 

503 
2,522 

2,387 

- 

267 

267 

Southern Iron Limited had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Moongate 218 (Pty) Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

Umbono Mineral Holdings (Pty) Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

Société Générale de Mine SARL 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

2015 
£’000 

1,194 

2014 
£’000 

1,176 

3 

50 

1,357 

1,217 

Ferrex Iron Limited had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Ressources Equatoriales SARL 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

967 

860 

Ferrex Manganese Limited had the following related party balances from financing 
activities: 

Umbono Mineral Holdings (Pty) Limited 
-  Loans and receivables (interest free) 

26. 

Contingencies 

55 

860 
- 

On 28 March 2014, the company issued shares of which a proportion formed part of an equity swap 
agreement.  The fair value of this instrument at the period end has been assessed based on a share 
price as at 30 September 2015 and should the agreement have been settled at 30 September then 
the Company would have had a liability of £269,000, however, given volatility of Keras share price and 
resource equity markets generally, the Directors are of the opinion that recognition of the amount as 
a contingent liability is the most appropriate classification as at the reporting date.   

Page 54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 SEPTEMBER 2015 

27. 

Subsequent events 

On 17 November 2015, the Company announced that it had entered an agreement to acquire 100% 
of Australian private company Chaffers Mining Pty Ltd. Chaffers has negotiated a five year tribute 
agreement with Paddington Goldfields, a subsidiary of Norton Goldfields ('Norton') to mine certain 
defined gold deposits located on the Norton leases, located 30km north of Kalgoorlie in the heart of 
the Western Australian goldfields, for treatment at Norton’s nearby Paddington processing plant. This 
was  part  of  the  Company’s  focus  on  targeting  near  term  cash  flow  potential  projects  in  stable 
jurisdictions. 

On 1 February 2016, Keras  announced that it had secured £563,889 loan note to commence gold 
production in Australia during 2016. These funds will, inter alia, provide the working capital needed to 
commence  production  at  the  Grants  Patch  Tribute  project,  located  30km  north  of  Kalgoorlie  in 
Western Australia.  

Further details on both of these subsequent events can be found in the respective announcement 
which are available from the Company’s website www.kerasplc.com. 

Page 55