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Keras Resources Plc

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FY2020 Annual Report · Keras Resources Plc
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260607 Keras Resources Cover.qxp  03/03/2021  18:08  Page 1

Registered number: 07353748 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT 2020 

260607 Keras Resources pp01-pp17.qxp  03/03/2021  18:10  Page 1

Contents 

Pages 

Company Information ...........................................................................................................................................................2 

Chairman’s Statement ...........................................................................................................................................................3 

Strategic Report .....................................................................................................................................................................5 

The Board ..............................................................................................................................................................................11 

Corporate Governance Statement....................................................................................................................................12 

Directors’ Report..................................................................................................................................................................15 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras Resources PLC..................................................................18 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income ....................................................................................................23 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position................................................................................................................24 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 30 September 2020 .......................................................................25 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 30 September 2019 .......................................................................26 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ...........................................................................................................................27 

Company Statement of Financial Position ......................................................................................................................28 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity......................................................................................................................29 

Company Statement of Cash Flows..................................................................................................................................30 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements...........................................................................................................31 

Throughout this document ‘Keras’, ‘Keras Resources’ or ‘the Company’ means Keras Resources PLC and ‘the 
Group’ means the Company and its subsidiaries. 

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Company information 

Directors:

B Moritz (Non-executive chairman) 
R Lamming (Chief executive officer) 
D Reeves (Non-executive director) 

Company secretary:

Cargil Management Services Limited 

Company number:

07353748 

Registered office:

Nominated advisor
and joint broker:

Joint broker:

Solicitor:

Auditor:

Registrars:

27/28 Eastcastle Street 
London W1W 8DH 

SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
35-39 Maddox Street 
London W1S 2PP 

Shard Capital Partners LLP 
23rd Floor 
20 Fenchurch Street 
London EC3M 3BY 

Memery Crystal LLP 
165 Fleet Street 
London EC2A 2DY 

PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

Share Registrars Limited 
The Courtyard, 17 West Street 
Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR 

2  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Chairman’s Statement 

The highlights of the period since my last report are the acquisition of a controlling interest in a new project, 
the Diamond Creek phosphate mine in Utah, USA, which is expected to begin generating cash for Keras during 
the current year, and the successful completion of the demerger of the Company’s interests in ASX listed Calidus 
Resources Limited, through a capital reduction scheme. In addition to the value distributed to shareholders, it 
also left Keras with distributable reserves creating a balance sheet that is geared towards the cashflow strategy 
adopted by the Company. 

In addition, the Company has continued to take steps to ensure the grant of the exploitation licence for its 
Nayéga manganese mine in Togo. Management has made steady progress with the new Togolese government, 
has ensured that there are no outstanding requirements related to the grant of the exploitation permit, and 
look forward to tangible progress in 2021. 

Diamond Creek phosphate mine 
Diamond Creek is the highest grade organic phosphate deposit in the US and is owned by a Delaware registered 
company Falcon Isle Holdings LLC (“Falcon Isle”). Keras has agreed to loan a total of $2.5m to Falcon Isle, of 
which $1.9m had been advanced by 30 September 2020. At the same date Keras had subscribed, for nominal 
consideration, for 40% of the issued capital of Falcon Isle. Subsequent to 30 September 2020 Keras has advanced 
the final $600,000 of its loan commitment and now owns 51% of Falcon Isle, so that Falcon Isle will be treated 
as a subsidiary company for future accounting periods. 

Diamond Creek is fully permitted and has mined, processed and sold organic phosphate during the last quarter 
of the financial year. The mined material only requires crushing, milling and bagging before being sold as high 
grade organic fertilizer. The Diamond Creek mine produces the highest grade organic phosphate available in 
the US - a 28% Phosphorus pentoxide (‘P205’) premium product with minimum 14% available phosphorous (‘P’). 
The available P is significantly higher than the 3% marketed by the majority of its competitors. It also has a long 
life of mine: at a peak production rate of 48ktpa, the historic “surface mineable resources” alone represent in 
excess of 60 years of production. The project does not currently have a JORC compliant resource but has a pre-
stripped area with production drilling information representing 2 ½ years of planned production. 

Production of organic fertilizer for sale to the North American market is planned to increase in stages up to 
48,000 tons in Year 5, with forecasted operating costs reducing from an initial $229/ton to US$92/ton at peak 
production. In the first year of production 7,600 tons were produced, an increase of more than 50% over budget, 
of which 1,012 tons were sold. 

Up to now beneficiation has been undertaken through toll-treating agreements. A new processing plant, which 
was fabricated and shipped from Shanghai, is now on site in Utah and construction is under way. This new plant, 
to be owned and operated by Falcon Isle, has design capacity to process the five-year 48,000-ton production 
target and will increase both the installed capacity and flexibility to beneficiate a variety of organic phosphate 
products. It will also result in a significant reduction in operating costs compared with the current toll agreements. 
Commissioning remains on schedule and the plant is expected to be operational by the end of March 2021. 

Capital reduction and demerger of Calidus Resources Limited 
During the year the Company completed the demerger of its holding of 723,750,000 shares in Calidus Resources 
Limited (“Calidus”) by means of a capital reduction. 

The capital reduction and demerger were approved by shareholders on 14 October 2019. Following the second 
High Court hearing, the Calidus shares were transferred to Keras shareholders on the register at 6.00pm on 19 
November 2019 on the basis of 1 Calidus share for every 3.451963 Keras shares held by them on that date. 
Calidus shares were subsequently consolidated on a 10 for 1 basis, and are currently trading on the ASX at 
approximately double the price of A$0.23 per share (as adjusted for the consolidation) immediately following 
the demerger. 

The capital reduction resulted in very substantial changes to the capital and reserves of Keras. Under the Court 
Orders, the balance on the Company’s share premium account was cancelled, followed by the deferred shares, 
and the nominal value of each ordinary share was reduced from 0.1p (“Old Ordinary Shares”) to 0.01p (“New 

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Chairman’s Statement 

continued

Ordinary Shares”). The amount repayable to shareholders was satisfied by the transfer to them of the Calidus 
shares. As a result, the deficit on distributable reserves has been eliminated, so that profits made in future will 
be available for the payment of dividends. 

The costs of the capital reduction and demerger, amounting to some £130,000, have been borne by Keras. 

Nayéga manganese mine/Togo 
On the 18 October 2019 the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Togo published a decree granting the right 
for large-scale exploitation of the manganese deposit at Nayéga to the Company’s subsidiary, Societe Generale 
des  Mines  (“SGM”).  Since  that  date  the  Company  has  concentrated  its  efforts  on  finalising  the  required 
exploitation permit. A number of factors have contributed to the delay in obtaining this licence. Early in 2020 
there was a presidential election in Togo, which resulted in the re-election of the standing president. As is 
customary, the prime minister and his government resigned after the election, requiring Keras to forge new 
relationships with incoming ministers. To that must be added the effect of the Covid 19 pandemic. Togo has been 
among the most successful countries worldwide in dealing with the pandemic, but for a substantial part of the 
year its borders were closed. Notwithstanding these problems, substantial progress has been made, in particular 
following the reopening of air borders in September 2020 allowing management to continue with their efforts. 
The terms of the permit and associated protocols have been agreed, and SGM has been converted from a private 
to a public company, as required by law and in compliance with the draft Mining Convention. Finance for plant 
expansion through an offtake agreement is expected to be signed following the grant of the exploitation licence. 

The Government of Togo is entitled to a 10% carried interest in SGM on grant of the exploitation licence. As 
part  of  its  commitment  to  benefit  the  area  where  Nayéga  is  situated,  Keras  is  establishing  a  charitable 
foundation for the benefit of local communities, to which Keras intends to contribute 5% of its attributable net 
profits from SGM. 

The exploitation permit requires Presidential approval to allow operations to commence. 

Financial review 
The Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year shows a loss of £1,242,000 (2019 – loss 
£471,000). The results of the two periods are not comparable as the previous year includes the positive surplus 
of £681,000 from the bulk sample produced at Nayéga. The loss for the year under review has also been 
increased by the costs of discontinuing the previous Share Appreciation Rights scheme (£119,828), and thereby 
benefitting shareholders by increasing the number of Calidus shares transferred to them under the demerger, 
and the Company’s proportion of Falcon Isle’s net loss (£4,000). 

Keras undertook fund raisings, in January and July 2020, raising £310,000 and £1,728,000 respectively, for 
working capital and, in the case of the second placing, to finance the Diamond Creek mine. Since the end of the 
year a further £1,550,000 has been raised. This level of cash is sufficient to allow Keras to seek and evaluate 
new projects. 

Outlook 
The current year will see the expansion of the Diamond Creek mine into a valuable and profitable asset for the 
Group, aided by the commissioning of the new processing plant. 

The Board also remains hopeful that profitable production will commence at the Nayéga manganese mine in Togo. 

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the rest of the board and our management team for their 
hard work, and shareholders for their continuing support. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

23 February 2021

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Strategic Report 

Strategy and Business Plan 
The Group’s strategy is to maximise shareholder value through diversified revenue streams from its two core 
assets, Diamond Creek and Nayéga, thus enhancing the value of those assets through brownfields expansion 
projects while still identifying potential new projects that increase shareholder value by taking projects through 
the life cycle from feasibility to development. 

The Group’s business model has established the Company as an efficient and low cost explorer/developer. 

During the reporting period the Group was focussed on three main areas: 

1.

2.

3.

Demerging its shares in Calidus Resources Limited to shareholders by way of a capital reduction scheme. 
This was finalised in November 2019. 

Acquiring a producing mine with near term cash flow – the Diamond Creek phosphate mine in Utah, USA. The 
mine is owned by Falcon Isle, in which the Company acquired a 40% equity interest during the reporting period, 
subsequently increased to 51%. The Company has loaned Falcon Isle $2.5m which is repayable from cash flow. 

Progressing the Nayéga manganese project in Togo and preparing for commercial production. The Council 
of Ministers of the Republic of Togo has issued a decree granting the right to mine manganese at Nayéga 
and, as and when an exploitation permit is obtained, the Group intends to mine commercially at Nayéga 
with the minimum of delay, initially using the facilities built for the bulk sample. An internal definitive 
feasibility study previously completed for Nayéga indicates that the project represents significant value 
potential for the Group. 

In exploring and developing mineral deposits, the Group accepts that not all its exploration will be successful 
but also that the rewards for success can be high. It therefore expects that its shareholders will be invested for 
potential capital growth, taking a long-term view of management’s good track record in mineral discovery and 
development. The Directors have continued to invest in the Company and currently hold approximately 22% of 
the issued shares in Keras, after allowing for the substantial fund raisings since the year end. We believe this 
stake provides further evidence of the Board’s belief in and commitment to its strategy. 

To date, the Group has financed its activities through equity raisings. As the Group’s projects become more advanced, 
the Board will seek mining and/or offtake finance, and may also investigate strategic opportunities to obtain funding 
for projects from future customers via production sharing, royalty and other marketing arrangements. 

Financial and Performance Review 
There was no turnover in the year under review, but commercial sales have commenced in the year ended 
30 September 2021. 

The results of the Group are set out in detail in the financial statements. The Group reports a loss for the year 
of £1,242,000 (2019: loss £471,000). 

As a result of the demerger of the Calidus shares, the consolidated total assets of the Group decreased during 
the year from £11.5m to £3.5m. For the same reason, net assets reduced from £11.3m to £3.1m. However, the 
capital reduction which was part of the demerger had the effect of reducing the deficit on distributable reserves 
from £10.3m to a surplus of £8,000, so that the Company will be in a position to distribute future profits as 
dividends, subject to working capital requirements. 

Fixed assets total £1,332,000 (2019: £1,383,000) which includes plant at the Nayéga mine totalling £262,000 
(2019: £331,000) as well as exploration, evaluation and development expenditure on the Group’s projects in 
Togo. The carrying value of the Group’s equity accounted interest in Falcon Isle, primarily costs relating to the 
acquisition less its share of losses, totals £1,622,000. 

Expenditure such as pre-licence and reconnaissance costs is expensed in profit or loss as incurred. 

The Directors have assessed the carrying value of the Nayéga manganese project and no impairment has been 
deemed necessary. 

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Strategic Report 

continued

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 
During the year the Board monitored the following KPIs: 

•

Cash flow and working capital: 

o

o

Short (<3 months) and long term cashflow models are prepared to monitor and forecast the Group’s 
funding needs; 

Management accounts prepared on a monthly basis for the Group’s key subsidiaries and quarterly 
on a consolidated basis; and 

o Weekly reporting of the Group’s working capital position. 

When the Group receives an exploitation permit for the Nayéga Manganese project, activities at this project 
will increase substantially from the current reporting period, to include production forecasts and mine plans.  

Mining projects 
Africa 
Keras currently holds an 85% interest in the Nayéga manganese project in Togo, which covers 92,390 hectares 
in northern Togo, held through Societe Generale des Mines SA (“SGM”). As part of the process to convert the 
exploration permit to an exploitation permit, the Government of Togo will be granted a carried equity interest 
of 10%, so diluting the interest of Keras, reducing the Group’s interest to 76.5%. The project is 30km from a 
main road, which has direct access to the regionally important deep-water port of Lome 600km away that has 
>800,000t per annum back loading capabilities. 

Having  defined  a  JORC  (2012)  Code  compliant  Indicated  and  Measured  Resource  of  11.0Mt  @  13.1% 
manganese, the Group has completed the Phase 1 Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) to develop an initial open-
pit,  300,000tpa  manganese  operation.  To  support  commercial  mining  at  Nayéga,  we  have  applied  for  an 
exploitation permit. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Togo has decreed that SGM has the right to 
mine manganese at Nayéga, but the Group continues to await the award of the permit itself, and consequently 
we have been unable to undertake commercial mining activities during the year. Progress on this is described 
above and in the Chairman’s Statement. Test sampling of the material produced as part of the bulk sample 
process has indicated a manganese content of 38.9% rather than the 35% envisaged in the DFS referred to 
above. As soon as the exploitation permit is granted, therefore, the directors intend to commence commercial 
production using the bulk sample plant at the rate of approximately 75,000tpa without the requirement for 
further capital expenditure, and to increase production capacity to 300,000tpa using offtake finance. 

The Group had previously discontinued and disposed of all its other African projects. 

North America 
Keras acquired an interest in the Diamond Creek phosphate mine in July 2020, and increased its interest to 51% 
in December 2020. The mine is situated approximately 70km SSE of Salt Lake City, Utah. Diamond Creek is a 
fully  permitted,  high  grade  direct  shipping  ore  (“DSO”),  low  capex  organic  phosphate  mine,  which  has  a 
significant historical mineral resource (mineral resources have not been classified according to any International 
Reporting Standard) with the first 2.5 years of production already pre-stripped. The phosphate mineralisation 
comprises shale beds in the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation. The mineralised zone is c.3m 
thick and averages 28% P2O5 with average available phosphorous of 16%. Historic reports vary with “surface 
mineable  resources”  ranging  from  3.10Mt  to  4.60Mt.  At  a  peak  production  rate  of  48ktpa,  the  opencast 
resources alone represent in excess of 60 years of production. 

The product has received Organic Certification by all three key certification agencies in the USA. As a direct 
shipping ore it requires no chemical upgrade process, with in-situ grade of 28% P2O5, low heavy metal impurities 
and significantly higher available phosphate than any other organic rock phosphate in North America. 

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The 2020 mining campaign was completed in October 2020 with a total of 7,620 ore tons extracted from the 
mine. To date beneficiation has been undertaken through toll-treating agreements. A new plant, to be owned 
and operated by the Group, which has the capacity to process the 5-year 48,000-ton production target, has been 
manufactured in China and shipped to the USA. Commissioning is expected to be complete by 31 March 2021. 
The plant will include a crushing and milling circuit to produce a range of products comprising -10 mesh, -100 
mesh and -350 mesh powders and a granulation plant to produce high margin granulated organic phosphate. 
The processing facility will also include a bagging plant to ensure that all products are available in both one ton 
tote bags and 50lb bags. Once commissioned, the plant will increase both the available capacity and flexibility 
to produce different sized beneficiated material whilst lowering operating costs. 

Risk Management 
The Board regularly reviews the risks to which the Group is exposed and ensures through its meetings and 
regular reporting that these risks are minimised as far as possible. 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group at this stage in its development are: 

Exploration Risk 
The Group’s business has been primarily mineral exploration and evaluation which are speculative activities and 
whilst the Directors are satisfied that good progress is being made, there is no certainty that the Group will be 
successful in the definition of economic mineral deposits, or that it will proceed to the development of any of 
its projects or otherwise realise their value. 

The Group aims to mitigate this risk when evaluating new business opportunities by targeting areas of potential 
where there is at least some historical drilling or geological data available. 

Resource Risk 
All mineral projects have risk associated with defined grade and continuity. Mineral reserves and resources are 
calculated by the Group in accordance with accepted industry standards and codes but are always subject to 
uncertainties  in  the  underlying  assumptions  which  include  geological  projection  and  commodity  price 
assumptions. 

The Group reports mineral resources and reserves in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of 
Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (‘the JORC Code’). The JORC Code is a professional 
code of practice that sets minimum standards for public reporting of mineral exploration results, mineral 
resources and ore reserves. Further information on the JORC Code can be found at www.jorc.org. 

Development Risk 
Delays  in  permitting,  financing  and  commissioning  a  project  may  result  in  delays  to  the  Group  meeting 
production targets. Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic viability of mining projects and affect 
decisions on continuing exploration activity. 

Mining and Processing Technical Risk 
Notwithstanding the completion of metallurgical testwork, test mining and pilot studies indicating the technical 
viability of a mining operation, variations in mineralogy, mineral continuity, ground stability, ground water 
conditions and other geological conditions may still render a mining and processing operation economically or 
technically non-viable. 

The Group has a small team of mining professionals experienced in geological evaluation, exploration, financing 
and development of mining projects. To mitigate development risk, the Group supplements this from time to 
time with engagement of external expert consultants and contractors. 

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Strategic Report 

continued

Environmental Risk 
Exploration and development of a project can be adversely affected by environmental legislation and the 
unforeseen results of environmental studies carried out during evaluation of a project. Once a project is in 
production unforeseen events can give rise to environmental liabilities. 

The Group is now entering the mining stage. Any disturbance to the environment during this phase is required 
to be rehabilitated in accordance with the prevailing regulations of the countries in which we operate. 

Financing & Liquidity Risk 
The Group has had an ongoing requirement to fund its activities through the equity markets and may in future 
need obtain finance for project development. There is no certainty such funds will be available when needed. 
To date, Keras has managed to raise funds primarily through equity and debt placements despite the very 
difficult markets that currently exist for raising funding in the junior mining industry. 

Political Risk 
All countries carry political risk that can lead to interruption of activity. Politically stable countries can have 
enhanced  environmental  and  social  permitting  risks,  risks  of  strikes  and  changes  to  taxation  whereas  less 
developed countries can have, in addition, risks associated with changes to the legal framework, civil unrest and 
government expropriation of assets. 

Partner Risk 
Whilst there has been no past evidence of this, the Group can be adversely affected if joint venture partners 
are unable or unwilling to perform their obligations or fund their share of future developments. 

The Group aims to mitigate this risk by 1) holding significant majority shareholdings in our projects that we can 
commit to funding our minority partners until production and positive cash flow and 2) endeavouring to enter 
into joint venture funding arrangements with credible counterparties. 

Bribery Risk 
The  Group  has  adopted  an  anti  corruption  policy  and  whistle  blowing  policy  under  the  Bribery  Act  2010. 
Notwithstanding this, the Group may be held liable for offences under that Act committed by its employees or 
subcontractors, whether or not the Group or the Directors had knowledge of the commission of such offences. 

Financial Instruments 
Details of risks associated with the Group’s financial instruments are given in Note 26 to the financial statements. 
Keras does not utilise any complex or derivative financial instruments. 

COVID-19 
The Directors do not believe that Covid 19 has had a material effect on the Company or its operations other 
than travel restrictions which restrict the ability of management to visit operations in Togo and the USA. This 
has been mitigated by increased home working and use of electronic communications. The Directors expect 
international travel to become easier in the foreseeable future. 

Insurance Coverage 
The Group maintains a suite of insurance coverage that is appropriate for the Group and Company. This is 
arranged via a specialist mining insurance broker and coverage includes public and products liability, travel, 
property and medical coverage and assistance while Group employees and consultants are travelling on Group 
business. This is reviewed at least annually and adapted as the Group’s scale and nature of activities changes. 
Keras also has Directors and Officers insurance in place. 

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Internal Controls and Risk Management 
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system of internal financial control. Although no system of internal 
financial control can provide absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss, the Group’s system is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  problems  are  identified  on  a  timely  basis  and  dealt  with 
appropriately. 

In carrying out their responsibilities, the Directors have put in place a framework of controls to ensure as far as 
possible that ongoing financial performance is monitored in a timely manner, that corrective action is taken and 
that risk is identified as early as practically possible. The Directors review the effectiveness of internal financial 
control at least annually. 

The Board, subject to delegated authority, reviews capital investment, property sales and purchases, additional 
borrowing facilities, guarantees and insurance arrangements. 

The Board takes account of the significance of social, environmental and ethical matters affecting the business 
of the Group. At this stage in the Group’s development the Board has not adopted a specific policy on Corporate 
Social Responsibility as it has a limited pool of stakeholders other than its shareholders. Rather, the Board seeks 
to protect the interests of Keras’ stakeholders through individual policies and through ethical and transparent 
actions. 

The Group has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy and a whistle blowing policy as stated above. 

Shareholders 
The Directors are always prepared, where practicable and subject to confidentiality under the AIM Rules, to 
enter into dialogue with shareholders to promote a mutual understanding of objectives. The Annual General 
Meeting provides the Board with an opportunity to informally meet and communicate directly with investors. 

Environment 
The Board recognises that its principal activities, mineral exploration and mining, have potential to impact on 
the local environment. To date, activities at the various projects have been limited to mining and drilling activities 
and the Group does comply with local regulatory requirements with regard to environmental compliance and 
rehabilitation. The impact on the environment of the Group’s activities has the potential to increase as our 
projects move into a production phase. This is currently assessed through baseline environmental studies that 
are being undertaken and identifying resources needed to manage environmental compliance in the future. 

Given the Group’s size and scale it is not considered practical or cost effective to collect and report data on 
carbon emissions. 

Employees 
The Group operates primarily through contractors. Notwithstanding this, the Group engages its employees to 
understand all aspects of the Group’s business and seeks to remunerate its employees fairly, being flexible 
where  practicable.  The  Group  gives  full  and  fair  consideration  to  applications  for  employment  received 
regardless of age, gender, colour, ethnicity, disability, nationality, religious beliefs, transgender status or sexual 
orientation. The Group takes account of employees’ interests when making decisions and welcomes suggestions 
from employees aimed at improving the Group’s performance. 

The Group now operates in Togo and in the USA. It recruits locally as many of its employees and contractors as 
practicable. 

The Company has three directors and one senior manager (Graham Stacey) – all are male. 

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Strategic Report 

continued

Suppliers and Contractors 
The Group recognises that the goodwill of its contractors, consultants and suppliers is important to its business 
success and seeks to build and maintain this goodwill through fair dealings. The Group has a prompt payment 
policy and seeks to settle all agreed liabilities within the terms agreed with suppliers. 

Health and Safety 
The Board recognises that it has a responsibility to provide strategic leadership and direction in the development 
of the Group’s health and safety strategy in order to protect all of its stakeholders. The Group does not have a 
formal health and safety policy at this time. This is re-evaluated as and when the Group’s nature and scale of 
activities expand. 

Section 172 statement 
The Directors believe they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the Company for the 
benefit of its members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act 2006. 

The requirements of s172 are for the Directors to: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Consider the likely consequences of any decision in the long term; 

Act fairly between the members of the Company; 

Maintain a reputation for high standards of business conduct; 

Consider the interests of the Company’s employees; 

Foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others; and 

Consider the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment. 

The Company’s operations and strategic aims are set out throughout the Strategic Report and in the Chairman’s 
Statement, and relationships with stakeholders are also dealt with in the Corporate Governance Statement 

Russell Lamming 
Director 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 23 February 2021

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The Board 

BRIAN MORITZ 
Non-executive Chairman 

Brian  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  and  former  Senior  Partner  of  Grant  Thornton,  London.  He  formed  Grant 
Thornton’s Capital Markets Team which floated over 100 companies on AIM under his chairmanship. In 2004 he 
retired  from  Grant  Thornton  to  concentrate  on  bringing  new  companies  to  the  market  as  a  director.  He 
concentrates on mining companies, primarily in Africa, and was formerly chairman of African Platinum PLC 
(Afplats) and Metal Bulletin PLC as well as currently being chairman of several junior mining companies. 

RUSSELL LAMMING 
Chief Executive Officer 

Russell  Lamming  is  a  qualified  geologist  with  an  honours  degree  in  geology  from  the  University  of  the 
Witwatersrand and a Bachelor of Commerce in Economics from the University of Natal. Russell has a broad 
range of experience including directorship of a South African mining consultancy and precious metals analyst 
for a leading international broker and was the CEO of AIM listed Chromex Mining and Goldplat Plc. He has strong 
relationships in London and internationally and has raised considerable funds for resource companies over the 
years. 

DAVE REEVES 
Non-Executive Director 

Dave  holds  a  first  class  honours  degree  in  mining  engineering  from  the  University  of  New  South  Wales,  a 
graduate diploma in applied finance and investment from the Securities Institute of Australia, and a Western 
Australian  first  class  mine  managers  certificate  of  competency.  He  has  over  25  years’  experience  and  has 
operated in Australia, Africa and Europe in gold, precious metals, mineral sands, bulks and copper. He is CEO of 
Calidus Resources Limited and non-executive Chairman of ASX and AIM listed European Metals Holdings. 

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Corporate Governance Statement 

To the extent applicable, and to the extent able (given the current size and structure of the Company and the 
Board), the Company has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code. Details of how 
the Company complies with the Code, and the reasons for any non-compliance, are set out in the table below, 
together with the principles contained in the Code. 

No key governance matters have arisen since the publication of the last Annual Report. 

In light of the Company’s size and nature, the Board considers that the current Board is a cost effective and 
practical method of directing and managing the Company. As the Company’s activities develop in size, nature 
and scope, the size of the Board and the implementation of additional corporate governance policies and 
structures will be reviewed. Further disclosures under the Code are included on the Company’s website. 

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promote long term value for shareholders. 

The Company’s strategy is to identify mining projects which can be developed to create value and income for 
shareholders. In June 2017 this strategy was successfully demonstrated when the Company’s Australian gold 
exploration assets were floated on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) with the name Calidus Resources 
Limited. Since 30 September 2019 the Company’s shares in Calidus have been demerged and transferred to the 
Company’s shareholders by way of a capital reduction. 

The  demerger  has  permitted  the  Board  to  examine  other  projects,  and  in  particular  the  Diamond  Creek 
phosphate mine in Utah, USA, where the Company has completed the staged acquisition of a controlling 51% 
equity interest since 30 September 2020. 

The Company has also concentrated preparations for mining at its other primary project, the Nayéga manganese 
project in Togo. The Company has agreed in principle offtake related finance to expand production at Nayéga, 
and is also investigating the use of manganese from Nayéga for battery metal purposes. 

Principle  4:  Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats,  throughout  the 
organisation. 

The risks facing the Company are detailed in the Strategic Report. The Board seeks to mitigate such risks so far 
as it is able to do, but certain important risks cannot be controlled by the Board. 

In particular, products the Company is seeking to identify and ultimately mine are traded globally at prices 
reflecting supply and demand rather than the cost of production. So far as the Company is concerned, the 
substantial  decline  in  the  price  of  iron  ore  rendered  two  previous  projects  non-viable,  both  of  which  had 
appeared to have substantial value on a discounted cash flow basis, and they were abandoned. 

While the Company will only invest in exploration projects where there is a legal right to convert an initial 
exploration licence to a mining licence, in practice it may be difficult to obtain such conversion for political 
reasons. There is no legal way that the Company can protect itself against this possibility. 

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair. 

The Company will only begin to earn material income during the current year. For cost reasons the Board has 
been reduced to three directors. All of the directors have demonstrated their commitment to the Company by 
supporting fund raisings, with the result that they own, in aggregate, some 22.3% of the ordinary issued share 
capital. It follows that none of the directors is considered to be independent. 

Russell Lamming, the CEO, works full time for the Company. The other directors, Brian Moritz (the Chairman) 
and Dave Reeves, are non-executive directors. As Dave Reeves is resident in Australia, physical Board meetings 
are held when he is in the United Kingdom and on an ad hoc basis. Where required at other times, Board 
meetings are normally conducted with Dave Reeves present by telephone. 

12  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp01-pp17.qxp  03/03/2021  18:10  Page 13

The  CEO  holds  frequent  informal  discussions  with  the  non-executive  directors.  Throughout  the  year  such 
discussions  average  approximately  two  per  week.  Discussions  with  Brian  Moritz  are  normally  held  in  the 
Company’s offices in Cobham, Surrey, while those with Dave Reeves are normally held by telephone. 

Non-executive directors are committed to devote 30 days per annum to the Company, but in fact exceed that 
required time commitment. Prior to 1 April 2019 each of the non-executive directors has reduced his fees drawn 
to half of the contracted amount, to £15,000 per annum for Brian Moritz and £12,000 per annum for Dave 
Reeves. Subsequently fees were increased to £42,000 per annum for Brian Moritz and £24,000 per annum for 
Dave Reeves, still below the median for AIM companies, but more in line with the time commitments and efforts 
of the non-executive directors. 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities. 

CVs of the directors are disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report. 

Each of the directors maintains up to date skills by a combination of technical journals and courses. 

As an exploration and mining Company the main skills required by the Board are in the area of geology and 
mining. Russell Lamming is a qualified geologist and Dave Reeves is a qualified mining engineer, each with a 
long history of achievement in this area. Importantly, each of them has also been in charge of the construction 
and operation of mines. 

As the Company moves into mining rather than exploration the management team has been strengthened by 
the appointment of Graham Stacey as Chief Operating Officer with main responsibility for Togo operations. 
Graham has wide experience of mining in Africa, and has previously been an executive director of an AIM listed 
mining  company.  In  Utah  the  Company  has  nominated  Jean  du  Plessis  as  a  director  of  Falcon  Isle  with 
responsibility for mining and processing. Jean has wide experience of managing such operations in South Africa 
and the USA. 

Brian Moritz is a Chartered Accountant. In addition to his financial skills he has been registered as a Nominated 
Adviser and has wide experience of corporate transactions. 

The advice of Azets, a top 10 accounting firm, is sought on technical accounting matters, in particular in relation 
to compliance with IFRS. 

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement. 

The Board has successfully achieved major objectives by: 

•

•

•

Capitalising the value of its Australian exploration assets, floating them on the ASX and demerging the 
resulting shares by distributing them to Keras shareholders 

Progressing the Nayéga project in Togo from exploration to be fully prepared for commercial mining on 
grant of the exploitation permit. 

Acquiring a producing phosphate mine in Utah, USA and commencing production. 

The Board will concentrate on achieving profitable production and positive cash flow from its existing projects 
while continuing to seek other mining projects. 

Given the current state of the Company’s development the directors believe that the Board operates efficiently 
and cost effectively and that the cost of an external review process is not justified. Nevertheless, it is intended 
that the Board will be strengthened in due course to reflect its progress from exploration to mining. 

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours. 

So far as possible the Company recruits locally for staff. The contractor for its mining operations in Togo is a 
local company, which is also responsible for transportation of the product from the mine to the port of Lome. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  13

 
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Corporate Governance Statement 

continued

In Utah, the Group’s product is a natural organic fertilizer which plays its part in reducing reliance on artificial 
manufactured fertilizers. 

The Board is conscious of the fact that parts of Africa may be viewed as corrupt areas in which to operate. 
Nevertheless, the Company has adopted a comprehensive anti-corruption and whistle blowing policy which is 
strictly applied. 

The Board utilises an ethical policy which respects local cultural and tribal sensitivities at the Nayéga mine in 
Togo. This policy takes account of religious beliefs of the local people. 

Principle  10:  Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders. 

The Board communicates with its stakeholders through social media and webcasts, as well as by announcements 
on RNS. It welcomes the ability to meet and engage with shareholders at general meetings, but this has not 
been possible in 2020 due to Covid 19 restrictions. 

The audit committee normally meets twice per annum, on its own to consider and approve the interim results, 
and with the auditors to consider the annual report and matters raised by the auditors based on their audit. So 
far as possible recommendations by the auditors are immediately implemented. As the CEO is also present as 
an observer at such meetings, no further report is submitted to the Board. 

The remuneration committee meets on an ad hoc basis when required. Fees paid to the non-executive directors 
are  settled  by  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  as  both  non-executive  directors  comprise  the  remuneration 
committee. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

23 February 2021

14  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp01-pp17.qxp  03/03/2021  18:10  Page 15

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group for the year 
ended 30 September 2020. 

The Group’s projects are set out in the Strategic Report. 

Review of business and financial performance 
Further details on the financial position and development of the Group are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, 
the Strategic Report and the annexed financial statements. 

Results 
The Group reports a loss for the year of £1,242,000 (2019: loss £471,000). 

Major events after the balance sheet date 
Since the end of the year further loans have been made to Falcon Isle and the Company’s equity interest has 
been increased from 40% to 51%, so that Falcon Isle will be accounted for as a subsidiary in future periods. 

The Company has also raised a further £1,550,000, before expenses, by a placing of New Ordinary Shares. 

Dividends 
The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend for the year ended 30 September 2020 (2019: £nil). 

Political donations 
There were no political donations during the year (2019: £nil). 

Going concern 
The  Directors  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in  preparing  the  financial  statements  as  further 
explained in Note 2 to the financial statements.  

Directors’ indemnities 
The Group maintains Directors and Officers liability insurance providing appropriate cover for any legal action 
brought against its Directors and/or officers. 

Audit Committee 
The Audit Committee, which comprises R Lamming and B Moritz, and is chaired by B Moritz, is responsible for 
ensuring the financial performance, position and prospects of the Group are properly monitored and reported 
on and for meeting the auditors and reviewing their reports relating to accounts and internal controls. Meetings 
of the Audit Committee are held at least twice a year, at appropriate times in the reporting and audit cycle. The 
Audit Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on all matters 
for which it has responsibility. The members of the Audit Committee are re-elected annually by the Board. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Remuneration Committee, which comprises D Reeves and B Moritz and which is chaired by D Reeves, 
reviews the performance of the executive directors and sets their remuneration, determines the payment of 
bonuses to executive directors and considers the future allocation of share options and other equity incentives 
pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time to Directors 
and employees. Meetings of the Remuneration Committee are intended to be held at least twice a year, but 
while  the  only  executive  director  is  the  CEO,  R  Lamming,  meetings  are  only  held  when  required.  The 
Remuneration Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on 
all matters for which it has responsibility. The members of the Remuneration Committee are re-elected annually 
by the Board. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  15

260607 Keras Resources pp01-pp17.qxp  03/03/2021  18:10  Page 16

Directors’ Report 

continued

Directors 
The following Directors held office throughout the year: 

B Moritz 
D Reeves  
R Lamming 

Directors’ interests 
The beneficial interests of the Directors holding office on 30 September 2020 in the issued share capital of the 
Company were as follows: 

B Moritz
D Reeves1,2
R Lamming3

30 September 2020

30 September 2019 

Number of
New
Ordinary
Shares
106,627,178
780,706,252
370,916,552

Percentage
of issued
ordinary
share capital
2.19%
16.04%
7.62%

Number of
Old
Ordinary
Shares
102,960,512
470,400,491
69,157,461

Percentage 
of issued 
ordinary 
share capital 
4.13% 
18.88% 
2.78% 

1  477,960,361 New Ordinary Shares are held by the Elwani Trust whose beneficiaries are the spouse and children of David Reeves. David 

Reeves is a trustee of the Elwani Trust. 

2  11,597,223 New Ordinary Shares are held in the Bodmin Super Fund whose trustees and beneficiaries are David and Eleanor Reeves. 

3  87,385,940ordinary shares were held by Parallel Resources Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr and Mrs Lamming. 

In addition, D Reeves and R Lamming hold 143,741,001 and 112,491,001 warrants entitling them to subscribe 
for the same number of ordinary shares at a price of 0.24p per share at any time up to 31 August 2021. 

On 18 January 2021 D Reeves and B Moritz subscribed for 63,636,364 and 36,363,636 New Ordinary Shares 
respectively, and on 15 February 2021 B Moritz and R Lamming subscribed for 17,391,304 and 26,086,957 New 
Ordinary Shares respectively. 

Directors’ remuneration and service contracts 
Details of remuneration payable to Directors as disclosed in note 11 to these financial statements: 

B Moritz
D Reeves
R Lamming                             

Remuneration
£’000

Share-based
payments
£’000

42
24
272

338

–
–
46

46

2020
Total
£’000

42
24
318

384

2019 
Total 
£’000 

29 
18 
149 

196 

The  Company  had  established  a  share  appreciation  rights  scheme  to  incentivise  Directors  and  senior 
management. Compensation paid to R Lamming of £119,828 on the cancellation of this scheme, as fully set out 
in note 23, is included in his remuneration figure above.

16  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

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Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  strategic  report,  the  directors’  report  and  the  financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union. Under company law the 
Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company and of the profit or loss of the Group and Parent 
Company for that period. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•

•

•

•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

state whether the financial statements comply with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Group and Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Group’s and Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Company is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding the Company’s website. 

Statement of disclosure to auditor 
Each Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that; 

So far as they are aware, 

•

•

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and 

they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 
A resolution to re-appoint PKF Littlejohn LLP as auditor will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting. PKF 
Littlejohn LLP has indicated its willingness to continue in office. 

By order of the Board 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

23 February 2021

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  17

 
 
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Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Keras Resources Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 30 September 2020 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income, the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, 
the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Parent Company Statements of Financial Position, the Parent 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Parent Company Statements of Cash Flows and notes to the 
financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework 
that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied 
in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 30 September 2020 and of the group’s and parent company’s loss for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company 
in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to 
report to you where: 

•

•

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements 
is not appropriate; or 

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may 
cast significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial 
statements are authorised for issue. 

Our application of materiality 
The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  The  quantitative  and  qualitative 
thresholds for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit 
procedures. Group materiality was £70,000 (2018: £35,000) based upon gross assets, with the increase in 
materiality compared to the prior year being as a result of the increase in the Group’s assets (excluding the 
investment in Calidus) in the year. The parent company has no trading activity and materiality was £40,000 (2018: 
£28,000) based loss before tax. For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality 
that was less than our overall group materiality. 

18  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 19

An overview of the scope of our audit 
In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial 
statements. In particular, we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgement by the 
Directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain. Such areas include the assessment of the 
recoverability of capitalised exploration costs and the investment in associate, as well as the assessment of the 
Group’s going concern status. As noted below, all of these matters have been raised as key audit matters. We 
also  addressed  the  risk  of  management  override  of  internal  controls,  including  among  other  matters 
consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to 
fraud. Of the reporting components of the Group, we concentrated our testing on two components comprising 
entities which represent the principal business activities within the Group. Of the two components selected, 
we performed audit procedures on significant areas based on size or risk profile, or in response to potential 
risks of material misstatement to the Group. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key Audit Matter

Going concern

How the scope of our audit responded to the key audit  
matter 

The  Group  made  a  loss  for  the  year  ended 
30 September 2020 totalling £1.257m. 

Given the level of cash held by the Group at the 
year end, there is a risk that the Group may need 
to raise further finance during the next 12 months 
in order to maintain its going concern status and 
may not be successful in raising additional finance. 

We  obtained  and  reviewed  Management’s  latest 
cashflow  forecasts  covering  the  going  concern 
period; challenging the key assumptions, reviewing 
the  mathematical  accuracy  of  the  forecast  and 
conducting sensitivity analysis. 

We ascertained the Group’s current cash position and 
performance post year end.  

See  note  2  for  disclosure  of  the  Directors’ 
justification for assessing the Group and Company 
as a going concern.

We  also  discussed  with  Management  the  Group’s 
funding  commitments  in  respect  of  Falcon  Isle 
Resources, LLC. 

It was ascertained that the Group’s forecasted net 
cash outflows over the going concern period, on a 
contractual and committed basis, were less than the 
latest  cash  position.  The 
the 
assumptions  underpinning  it  were  found  to  be 
reasonable.  

forecast  and 

As  a  result,  assurance  has  been  gained  that  it  is 
appropriate  to  prepare  the  Group  and  Company 
financial statements on the going concern basis and 
that no material uncertainty exists.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued

Key Audit Matter

Classification and recoverability of investment in 
Falcon Isle Resources, LLC.

How the scope of our audit responded to the key audit  
matter 

During  the  year,  the  Company  entered  into  an 
agreement to earn into a controlling 51% interest 
in US entity Falcon Isle Resources, LLC, the 100% 
owner of the operating Diamond Creek phosphate 
mine in Utah.  

We  confirmed  the  Company’s  ownership  of  the 
investment in Falcon Isle Resources, LLC and reviewed 
the  underlying  agreement(s);  evaluating 
the 
existence of control versus significant influence and 
ensuring the investment was treated accordingly. 

There  is  a  risk  the  investment  has  not  been 
correctly  classified  and  thus  accounted  for  in 
accordance with IFRS 3, IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IAS 28 
on the date of acquisition and at the year-end, in 
accordance with the assessment of control versus 
significant influence.  

Additionally, there is a risk that the investment 
may not be fully recoverable.  

See note 16 for further commentary.

Recoverability of Intangible Assets – prospecting 
and exploration rights

The group has intangible assets of £1.069 million 
(note  15)  as  at  30  September  2020,  comprising 
prospecting and exploration rights, which is tested 
annually for impairment. 

Where  value  in  use  is  applicable,  the  estimated 
recoverable amount is subjective due to inherent 
uncertainty 
and 
in 
discounting future cashflows.

forecasting 

involved 

We gained assurance over the accuracy, existence, 
completeness and valuation of Falcon Isle Resources 
LLC’s net assets at the date of initial recognition and 
at year-end, together with its profit or loss for the 
period and ensured any US GAAP to IFRS adjustments 
required  on  consolidation  of  the  investee  were 
correctly adjusted. 

We  ensured  that  amounts  advanced  to  Falcon  Isle 
Resources,  LLC,  which  enabled  the  Company  to 
acquire  a  40%  shareholding  at  year-end,  were 
correctly treated in accordance with IAS 28. 

We  agree  with  Management’s  classification  of  the 
investment  and  no  indicators  of  impairment  have 
been identified.

We  confirmed  the  Group  held  good  title  to  the 
underlying exploration licenses and assessed whether 
any indicators of impairment exist. 

Where applicable, we reviewed management’s value 
in  use  calculations  to  include  the  key  assumptions 
therein.  We  performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  the 
headroom to probable changes in key assumptions. 

The  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  in  were 
assessed with reference to the criteria listed within 
IFRS 6, to include whether: 

•

•

•

The licence is not expected to be renewed upon 
expiry; 

Substantive expenditure on further exploration 
and evaluation is not budgeted or planned; and 

Exploration  and  evaluation  work  to  date 
indicates that the carrying amount is unlikely to 
be recovered from further development or sale. 

consider  Management’s 

assessment  of 
We 
impairment 
in  concluding  no 
impairment is required to be recognised at year-end.

reasonable 

is 

20  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 21

Other information 
The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information. Our 
opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, except 
to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we 
identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine 
whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of 
this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

•

•

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 
or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing 
the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters 
related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  21

 
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Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the 
company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

David Thompson (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP
Statutory Auditor

23 February 2021

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

22  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 23

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

Continuing operations 
Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Recovery of costs of bulk sample
Administrative and exploration expenses

Loss from operating activities

Finance costs

Net finance costs

Share of net loss of associates accounted for using the equity method

Results from operating activities after finance costs
Tax

Loss for the year from continuing operations

Other comprehensive income – items that may be  
subsequently reclassified to profit or loss 
Exchange translation on foreign operations
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss 
Change in fair value of equity investments at fair value though  
other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive loss for the year

Loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive loss for the year

Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

From continuing operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

Notes

8

12

13

22

22

2020
£’000

–
–

–
–
(1,235)

(1,235)

(3)

(3)

(4)

(1,242)
–

(1,242)

2019 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 
681 
(1,147) 

(466) 

(5) 

(5) 

– 

(471) 
– 

(471) 

(15)

32 

–

(1,257)

(1,181)
(61)

(1,242)

(1,194)
(63)

(1,257)

(1,604) 

(2,043) 

(514) 
43 

(471) 

(2,091) 
48 

(2,043) 

(0.040)

(0.022) 

(0.040)

(0.022) 

The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  23

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 24

Consolidated statement of financial position 

as at 30 September 2020

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments accounted for using the equity method

Non-current assets

Other investments
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained earnings/(deficit)

Equity attributable to owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

14
15
16

17
19
20

21

24

2020
£’000

263
1,069
1,622

2,954

–
83
438

521

3,475

487
2,637
16
8

3,148
(140)

3,008

467

467

467

2019 
£’000 

332 
1,051 
– 

1,383 

9,923 
35 
184 

10,142 

11,525 

7,266 
10,938 
3,426 
(10,310) 

11,320 
(76) 

11,244 

281 

281 

281 

3,475

11,525 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 23 February 2021. They 
were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

24  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 25

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

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KERAS RESOURCES PLC  25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 26

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

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The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

26  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 27

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation and amortisation
Share of loss of equity accounted associate
Compensation on cancellation of SARS scheme
Equity-settled share-based payments
Impairment
Foreign exchange differences

Changes in: 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities
Finance costs
Taxes paid

Net cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
Exploration and licence expenditure
Investment in associate

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September

2020
£’000

2019 
£’000 

(1,242)

(471) 

76
4
120
63
–
(39)

(1,018)

2
278

(738)
–
–

(738)

–
(1)
(938)

(939)

1,931

1,931

254
184

438

28 
– 
– 
78 
155 
36 

(174) 

(19) 
(18) 

(211) 
– 
– 

(211) 

(127) 
(18) 
– 

(145) 

323 

323 

(33) 
217 

184 

The following significant non-cash transactions took place in the year ended 30 September 2020: 

•

•

Shares were issued to settle a total of £899,000 due to creditors and certain directors, which includes 
amounts previously advanced to Falcon Isle by certain directors totalling $700,000. 

Under the Company’s capital reduction scheme, following approval by shareholders and by the High Court, 
the Company’s entire holding of ordinary shares in Calidus was transferred to the Company’s shareholders. 

The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  27

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 28

Company statement of financial position 

as at 30 September 2020

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Investments

Non-current assets

Other investments
Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained earnings/(deficit)

Total equity attributable to owners of the Company

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

14
16

17
18
19
20

21

24

2020
£’000

–
1,622

1,622

–
1,534
70
428

2,032

3,654

487
2,637
63
285

3,472

182

182

182

2019 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 

9,923 
1,379 
34 
175 

11,511 

11,511 

7,266 
10,938 
3,459 
(10,401) 

11,262 

249 

249 

249 

3,654

11,511 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 from presenting the 
Parent  Company  profit  and  loss  account.  The  Parent  Company  loss  for  the  period  was  £811,000  (2019:  loss  of 
£711,000). 

The  financial  statements  of  Keras  Resources  PLC,  company  number  07353748,  were  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors and authorised for issue on 23 February 2021. They were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

28  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 29

Company statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

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The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
260607 Keras Resources pp18-pp30.qxp  03/03/2021  18:11  Page 30

Company statement of cash flows 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation
Share of loss of associate
Impairment/write off of loan
Compensation on cancellation of SARS scheme
Equity-settled share-based payments
Changes in: 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Finance costs

Net cash generated by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
Investment in associate

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital
Loans (to)/repaid by subsidiaries

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September

2020
£’000

(811)

–
4
4
120
63

14
25

(581)

–

(581)

–
(938)

(938)

1,931
(159)

1,772

253

175

428

2019 
£’000 

(711) 

– 
– 
159 
– 
78 

(19) 
(39) 

(532) 

– 

(532) 

– 
– 

– 

323 
176 

499 

(33) 

208 

175 

The following significant non-cash transactions took place in the year ended 30 September 2020: 

•

•

Shares were issued to settle a total of £899,000 due to creditors and certain directors, which includes 
amounts previously advanced to Falcon Isle by certain directors totalling $700,000. 

Under the Company’s capital reduction scheme, following approval by shareholders and by the High Court, 
the Company’s entire holding of ordinary shares in Calidus was transferred to the Company’s shareholders. 

The notes on pages 31 to 56 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

30  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 31

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

1. Reporting entity 
Keras Resources PLC is a company domiciled in England and Wales. The address of the Company’s registered 
office is 27/28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH. The Group currently operates as a miner of and explorer 
for mineral resources. 

2. Going concern 
The Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the Group and Company financial statements. 
The Group’s and Company’s business activities together with the factors likely to affect its future development, 
performance and position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Strategic Report. In addition, note 25 to 
the Financial Statements includes the Group’s policies and processes for managing its financial risk management 
objectives. 

The Group is not required to make further loans to or investments in Falcon Isle Resources LLC, which is forecast 
to  be  cash  flow  positive  within  the  current  year.  The  Nayéga  mine  in  Togo  is  in  a  position  to  commence 
operations when the exploitation licence is granted. Capital expenditure to expand production and working 
capital will be primarily provided in the short term by a loan in association with an offtake agreement which has 
been agreed in principle. 

Since the end of the year the Company has raised a further £1,550,000, before costs, by the issue of New 
Ordinary Shares. 

On this basis, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have adequate resources 
to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. 

The Directors do not believe that Covid 19 has had a material effect on the Company or its operations other 
than travel restrictions which restrict the ability of management to visit operations in Tog and the USA. This has 
been  mitigated  by  increased  home  working  and  use  of  electronic  communications.  The  Directors  expect 
international travel to become easier in the foreseeable future. As such, the Directors continue to adopt the 
going concern basis of accounting. 

3. Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 

(a)
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and as adopted by the 
European Union, and the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to entities reporting in accordance with IFRS. 

(b) Basis of measurement 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis unless otherwise stated. 

Functional and presentation currency 

(c)
These consolidated financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling (‘GBP’ or ‘£’), which is the Group’s 
functional currency and is considered by the Directors to be the most appropriate presentation currency to 
assist the users of the financial statements. All financial information presented in GBP has been rounded to the 
nearest thousand, except when otherwise indicated. 

(d) Use of estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, requires 
management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies 
and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions 
are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets and 
liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  31

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 32

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

3. Basis of preparation continued

(d) Use of estimates and judgements (continued) 
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the 
period of revision and future periods of the revision if it affects both current and future periods. 

Critical estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the 
consolidated financial statements and/or have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the 
next financial year are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

Carrying value of intangible assets

– Notes 4(e)(i) and 15 

Intercompany receivables (Company only)

Carrying value of investment in associate

Fair value of share options and warrants

– Note 18 

– Note 16 

– Note 21 

4. Significant accounting policies 
The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  to  all  periods  presented  in  these 
consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by Group entities. 

(a) Basis of consolidation 

Business combinations 

(i)
The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the 
Group. The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair value, as are identifiable 
net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase 
is recognised in profit or loss immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the 
issue  of  debt  or  equity  securities.  The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the 
settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts generally are recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsidiaries 

(ii)
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has 
rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial 
statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. On disposal of subsidiaries, 
any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for 
as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This might mean that amounts previously 
recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss. 

(iii) Associates 
Investments  in  associates  are  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting  after  initially  being 
recognised at cost. Loans to associates denominated in US$ are recognised in sterling in the financial statements 
at the year end exchange rate. 

Loss of control 

(iv)
When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and 
any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognised 
in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost. 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

(v)
Intra-group  balances  and  transactions,  and  any  unrealised  income  and  expenses  arising  from  intra-group 
transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

32  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 33

Foreign currency 

(b)
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group entities at 
exchange  rates  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are translated into the functional currency at the reporting date. 

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value in a foreign 
currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. 
Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the 
exchange rate at the date of the transaction. 

Foreign operations 

(i)
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and the fair value adjustments arising on 
acquisition, are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign 
operations are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation 
reserve except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to non-controlling interests. When a 
foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control 
is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit 
or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary but 
retains  control,  then  the  relevant  proportion  of  the  cumulative  amount  is  reattributed  to  non-controlling 
interests. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant 
influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

(c)

Financial instruments 

Financial assets 

(i)
The Group’s financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables, cash and cash 
equivalents and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement 
of financial position. 

Trade receivables and intra group balances are initially recognised at fair value. New impairment requirements 
use an expected credit loss model to recognise an allowance. For receivables a simplified approach to measure 
expected credit losses during a lifetime expected loss allowance is available and has been adopted by the Group. 
During this process the probability of non-payment of the receivables is assessed. This probability is then 
multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit 
loss for the receivables. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such provisions are recorded in a separate 
provision account with the loss being reported within the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 
On confirmation that the trade and intra group receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of 
the asset is written off against the provision. 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
These assets are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair 
value  and  changes  therein,  other  than  impairment  losses  and  interest  income,  are  recognised  in  OCI  and 
accumulated in the fair value reserve. When these assets are derecognised, any related balance within the FVOCI 
reserve is reclassified to retained earnings. 

(ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities 
The Group initially recognises debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities on the date that they are 
originated. All other financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  33

  
 
260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 34

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the other financial liabilities category. Such financial 
liabilities are recognised initially at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial 
recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Other financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. 

Share capital 

(iii)
Ordinary shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares 
are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. 

(d) Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement 

(i)
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any 
accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
asset. 

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between 
the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsequent expenditure 

(ii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated 
with the expenditure will flow to the Group. Ongoing repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred. 

(iii) Depreciation 
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line  basis  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income over the estimated useful lives of each component. 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and are ready for 
use, or in respect of internally constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. 

The estimated useful lives of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

plant and equipment

10 years 

office equipment

computer equipment

motor vehicles

2 years 

2 years 

5 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

(e)

Intangible assets 

Prospecting and exploration rights 

(i)
Rights acquired with subsidiaries are recognised at fair value at the date of acquisition. Other rights acquired 
and evaluation expenditure are recognised at cost. 

(ii) Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at cost less 
accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. 

34  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 35

Subsequent expenditure 

(iii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the 
specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill 
and brands, is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. 

(iv) Amortisation 
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis in profit or loss over their estimated useful lives, from 
the date that they are available for use. 

The estimated useful lives are as follows: 

•

Prospecting and exploration rights - Life of mine based on units of production 

Amortisation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

Amortisation is included within administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. 

(f)

Impairment 

Non-derivative financial assets 

(i)
A  financial  asset  not  classified  as  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  is  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if there is objective 
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, 
and had an impact on the estimated future cash flows from that asset that can be estimated reliably. 

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring 
of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor 
or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers, economic 
conditions that correlate with defaults or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for 
an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective 
evidence of impairment. 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost 
The  Group  considers  evidence  of  impairment  for  financial  assets  measured  at  amortised  cost  (loans  and 
receivables) at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant assets are assessed for specific 
impairment. Those found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that 
has been incurred but not yet identified. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for 
impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical trends of the probability of default, the timing of 
recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgement as to whether current 
economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by 
historical trends. 

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference 
between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s 
original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance against loans 
and receivables. Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised. When an event occurring after the 
impairment was recognised causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss 
is reversed through profit or loss. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  35

  
 
260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 36

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Impairment losses on financial assets at FVOCI are recognised by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair 
value reserve to profit or loss. The amount reclassified is the difference between the acquisition cost (net of 
any principal repayment and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any impairment previously recognised 
in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified 
as FVOCI are not reversed through profit or loss. 

(ii) Non-financial assets 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine 
whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment or when there is an indication 
of impairment. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or Cash Generating Unit 
(‘CGU’) exceeds its recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount of an asset of CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. 
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the 
asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of 
assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other 
assets or CGUs. Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are 
aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill 
is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups 
of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated 
first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce 
the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying 
amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been 
recognised. 

(g)

Employee benefits 

Share-based payments 
The grant-date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee 
expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally 
entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for 
which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount 
ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-
market  performance  conditions  at  the  vesting  date.  For  share-based  payment  awards  with  non-vesting 
conditions, the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and 
there is no adjustment for differences between expected and actual outcomes. 

(h) Discontinued operations 
A discontinued operation is a component of the Group’s business, the operations and cash flows of which can 
be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Group and which: 

–

–

–

Represents a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations; 

Is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of 
operations; or 

Is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re-sale. 

36  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 37

Classification as a discontinued operation occurs at the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the 
criteria to be classified as held-for-sale. 

When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative statements of profit or loss is re-
presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative year. 

Revenue 

(i)
Revenue from the sale of processed products is recognised when ownership of the product passes to the 
purchaser in accordance with the relevant sales contract. Product mined and processed in the Republic of Togo 
is shipped for smelting elsewhere, and ownership is likely to pass when the ship reaches international waters. 

It is normal for the price to be based on the metal content and the moisture content of the product as well as 
the weight. Both are tested prior to shipment to determine the price, but further adjustments may be made 
when the product is tested once more on arrival. This adjustment is included in the sale price recognised in the 
financial statements. 

Finance income and finance costs 

(j)
Finance income comprises interest income on bank funds. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit 
or loss, using the effective interest method. 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings. Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the 
period in which they are incurred. 

Taxation 

(k)
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss except 
to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  a  business  combination,  or  items  recognised  directly  in  equity  or  in  other 
comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous 
years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the declaration of dividends. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not 
recognised for: 

•

•

•

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business 
combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent 
that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and 

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they 
reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities 
and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different 
tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and 
liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  unused  tax  losses,  unused  tax  credits  and  deductible  temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can 
be used. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability 
of future taxable profits improves. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  37

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

Segment reporting 

(l)
Segment results that are reported to management include items directly attributable to a segment as well as 
those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 

(m) Equity reserves 
Share premium includes any premiums received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated with 
the issue of shares are deducted from share premium. 

The share option/warrant reserve is used to recognise the fair value of equity-settled share based payment 
transactions. 

The exchange reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries 
into the presentation currency. 

The financial assets at FVOCI reserve is used to record unrealised accumulated changes in fair value on financial 
assets. 

5. New standards and interpretations 
Amendments to the following International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting 
Standards (IAS) have been implemented by the Group in the period ended 30 September 2020 and have changed 
the Group’s accounting policies: 

IFRS 16 Leases 
IFRIC 23 Uncertainties over Income Tax Treatments 
IAS 28 (amendments) Long-term interests in Associates and Joint Ventures 

Effect of changes in accounting policies: 

IFRS 16 replaced existing lease guidance. Leases had the impact of increasing both creditors and fixed assets 
on the balance sheet by similar amounts that depend on the operating leases that the Group is party to during 
the year. There has been no material impact to the financial statements on adoption of IFRS 16 or the other 
standards adopted in the year. 

Standards, Amendments to published Standards and Interpretations issued but not yet effective 
Other new and amended standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB that will apply for the first time in 
the next annual financial statements are not expected to impact the Group as they are either not relevant to 
the Group’s activities or require accounting which is consistent with the Group’s current accounting policies. 

6. Determination of fair values 
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both 
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or 
disclosure  purposes  based  on  the  following  methods.  When  applicable  further  information  about  the 
assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

Property, plant and equipment 

(i)
The fair value of property, plant and equipment recognised as a result of a business combination is the estimated 
amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of acquisition between a willing buyer and a willing 
seller in an arm’s length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably. 
The fair value of items of plant and equipment is based on the market approach and cost approaches using 
quoted market prices for similar items when available and depreciated replacement cost when appropriate. 
Depreciated replacement cost reflects adjustments for physical deterioration as well as functional and economic 
obsolescence. 

38  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 39

Intangible assets 

(ii)
The fair value of other intangible assets is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived from the 
use and eventual sale of the assets. 

(iii) Trade and other receivables 
The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated at the present value of future cash flows, discounted 
at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes or 
when such assets are acquired in a business combination. 

(iv) Share-based payments 
The fair value of the employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes formula. Measurement inputs 
include the share price on the measurement date, the exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based 
on an evaluation of the Company’s historic volatility, particularly over the historic period commensurate with 
the expected term), expected term of the instruments (based on historical experience and general option holder 
behaviour), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds). Service and non-
market performance conditions attached to the transactions are not taken into account in determining fair 
value. 

Investments – other 

(v)
When one is available, the Group measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active 
market for that instrument. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with 
sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A discount is applied to 
the value of any Performance shares to reflect the possibility that the milestones for conversion into ordinary 
shares may not be met. 

7. Operating segments 
The Group considers that it operated during the year in one distinct business area, being that of manganese 
production and exploration in West Africa. This business area forms the basis of the Group’s operating segments. 
For  each  segment,  the  Group’s  Managing  Director  (the  chief  operating  decision  maker)  reviews  internal 
management reports on at least a quarterly basis. 

Subsequent to the year end the Group has commenced phosphate mining in Utah, USA, which will comprise a 
separate operating segment. 

Other  operations  relate  to  the  Group’s  administrative  functions  conducted  at  its  head  office  and  by  its 
intermediate holding company together with consolidation adjustments. 

Information regarding the results of each reportable segment is included below. Performance is measured 
based on segment result before tax, as included in the internal management reports that are reviewed by the 
Group’s Managing Director. Segment results are used to measure performance as management believes that 
such information is the most relevant in evaluating the performance of certain segments relative to other 
entities that operate within the exploration industry.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  39

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

7. Operating segments continued

Information about reportable segments 

2020

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

2019

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

Manganese
£’000

Phosphate
£’000

Other 
operations
£’000

–
–
76
–
(405)
1,011
1
285

–
–
–
(4)
(4)
1,622
–
–

–
–
–
–
(833)
842
–
182

Manganese/
cobalt
£’000

Other 
operations
£’000

–
–
183
134
1,050
145
28

–
–
–
(605)
10,475
–
253

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 
76 
– 
(1,242) 
3,475 
1 
467 

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 
183 
(471) 
11,525 
145 
281 

The  Group  was  awarded  exploration  licenses  during  2017  in  West  Africa  on  ground  containing  previously 
discovered cobalt and nickel mineralisation. These licences have been impaired in the year to 30 September 
2019. 

Information about geographical segments 

2020

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

West Africa
£’000

–
–
76
–
(405)
1,011
1
285

2019

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

US
£’000

–
–
–
4
(4)
1,622
–
–

West Africa
£’000

–
–
183
134
1,050
145
28

Other
£’000

–
–
76 
–
(833)
842
–
182

Other
£’000

–
–
–
(605)
10,475
–
253

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 

4 
(1,242) 
3,475 
1 
467 

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 
183 
(471) 
11,525 
145 
281

40  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 41

8. Surplus on production of bulk sample 

Amounts received for bulk sample
Direct production costs of bulk sample

9. Expenses 
Expenses include: 

Depreciation and amortisation expense
Impairment of nickel and cobalt licence
Costs associated with the capital reduction satisfied by the Calidus share distribution
Auditor’s remuneration 
– Audit fee
– Tax advisory services
Foreign exchange differences

2020
£’000

–
–

–

2020
£’000

76
–
–

23
–
4

Auditor’s remuneration in respect of the Company amounted to £10,000 (2019: £10,000). 

10. Personnel expenses 

Wages and salaries
Fees
Equity-settled share-based payments (see note 23)

2020
£’000

446
158
183

787

2019 
£’000 

1,495 
(814) 

681 

2019 
£’000 

28 
155 
100 

21 
20 
28 

2019 
£’000 

135 
149 
78 

362 

Fees in respect of the services of D Reeves are payable to a third party, Wilgus Investments (Pty) Limited. 

Fees in respect of the services of R Lamming are payable to a third party, Parallel Resources Limited for part of 
the period. 

The average number of employees (including directors) during the period was: 

Directors
Key management personnel
Other

2020

2019 

3
1
3

7

3 
– 
3 

6 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  41

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

11. Directors’ emoluments 

2020

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

Compensation payment resulting from SARS cancellation (see note 23)

2019

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

152

120

272

66

–

66

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

149

149

47

47

These amounts are disclosed by director in the Directors’ report on page 16. 

Emoluments disclosed above include the following amounts payable to the highest paid director: 

Emoluments for qualifying services

2020
£’000

272

Total 
£’000 

218 

120 

338 

Total 
£’000 

196 

196 

2019 
£’000 

149 

Key management personnel 
Included in note 10 are emoluments paid to key management personnel in the year which amounted to £71,000 
(2019: £nil). 

12. Finance costs 

Recognised in loss for period 

Other

2020
£’000

3

3

2019 
£’000 

5 

5

42  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 43

13. Taxation 

Current tax 

Tax recognised in profit or loss 
Current tax  
Current period 

Deferred tax  
Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Total tax 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

Loss before tax (continuing operations)

Tax using the Company’s domestic tax rate of 19.0% (2019: 19.0%)

Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Overseas (profits)/losses
Equity-settled share-based payments
Tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset

2020
£’000

2019 
£’000 

–

–

–

2020
£’000

(1,242)

(236)

3
93
12
128

–

– 

– 

– 

2019 
£’000 

(471) 

(89) 

35 
(15) 
15 
54 

– 

None of the components of other comprehensive income have a tax impact. 

Factors that may affect future tax charges 
At  the  year  end,  the  Group  had  unused  tax  losses  available  for  offset  against  suitable  future  profits  of 
approximately £5,771,000 (2019: £5,097,000). A deferred tax asset has not been recognised in respect of such 
losses due to uncertainty of future profit streams. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  43

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

14. Property, plant and equipment 

Group

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Depreciation for the year
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Depreciation for the year
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2018

At 30 September 2019

At 30 September 2020

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Office and 
computer
equipment
£’000

Motor 
vehicles
£’000

Total 
£’000 

232
127
–
1

360

360
–
(39)
8

329

2
27
–
–

29

29
76
(39)
1

67

230

331

262

31
–
–
–

31

31
–
(6)
–

25

29
1
–
–

30

30
–
(6)
–

24

2

1

1

26
–
(7)
–

19

19
–
(19)
–

–

26
–
(7)
–

19

19
–
(19)
–

–

–

–

–

289 
127 
(7) 
1 

410 

410 
– 
(64) 
8 

354 

57 
28 
(7) 
– 

78 

78 
76 
(64) 
1 

91 

232 

332 

263 

44  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 45

Company

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Transfers

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Transfers

Balance at 30 September 2020

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Depreciation for the year

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Depreciation for the year

Balance at 30 September 2020

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2018

At 30 September 2019

At 30 September 2020

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Computer 
equipment
£’000

230
(230)

–

–
–

–

–
–

–

–
–

–

230

–

–

5
–

5

5
–

5

5
–

5

5
–

5

–

–

–

Total 
£’000 

235 
(230) 

5 

5 
– 

5 

5 
– 

5 

5 
– 

5 

230 

– 

– 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  45

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

15. Intangible assets 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movement in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Amortisation and impairment losses 
Balance at 1 October 2018
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 1 October 2019
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Carrying amounts 
Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 30 September 2020

Prospecting 
and 
exploration 
rights 
£000 

1,193 
18 
– 
(5) 

1,206 

1,206 
1 
– 
20 

1,227 

– 
155 
– 
– 
– 

155 

155 
– 
– 
– 
3 

158 

1,193 

1,051 

1,069 

The carrying value of the prospecting and exploration rights is supported by the estimated resource and current 
market values.

46  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 47

16. Investments in subsidiaries and associates 

Company – subsidiaries

Equity investments 
Balance at beginning of period
Additions
Disposals

Balance at 30 September

Directly 
Keras West Africa Limited 
Southern Iron Limited

Indirectly 
Société Générale des Mines SA
Kamnico SARL

2020
£’000

2019 
£’000 

–
–
–

–

– 
– 
– 

– 

Activity

Country of
incorporation

Ownership interest 

2020

2019 

Investment
Investment

United Kingdom
Guernsey

Exploration
Exploration

Togo
Togo

100%
100%

85%
–

100% 
100% 

85% 
100% 

Registered offices of subsidiary companies are: 

Southern Iron Limited, 1st Floor, Elizabeth House, Les Ruettes Brayes, St Peter Port, Guernsey 
Société Générale des Mines, Quartier Adidogome Apedokoe 02, BP 20022, Lome, Togo 

On 17 January 2020, the Group announced its intention to relinquish its rights to the Kamina Cobalt & Nickel 
Project and wind down its 100% owned subsidiary, Kamnico SARL. Its immediate parent undertaking, Keras 
West Africa Limited, has been dissolved. These actions were taken by the Group as it was considered that 
exploration activity in Togo should be concentrated on expanding its resources on manganese rather than 
exploring for other metals. The cobalt and nickel licences were fully impaired in the previous year. 

Group – associates

Accounted for using the equity method 
At 1 October
Additions – including acquisition costs
Share of loss for the period

At 30 September

Company – associates

At 1 October
Additions – including acquisition costs
Share of loss for the period

At 30 September

Directly 
Falcon Isle Resources LLC

2020
£’000

–
1,626
(4)

1,622

2020
£’000

–
1,626

(4) 

1,622

2019 
£’000 

– 
– 
– 

– 

2019 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 

Activity

Mining

Country of
incorporation

Ownership interest 

2020

2019 

USA

40%

– 

The interest in Falcon Isle was acquired for nominal consideration under a binding heads of terms dated 28 July 
2020. Under this agreement the Company agreed to provide US$2.5m in loans to Falcon Isle payable in agreed 
tranches. Falcon Isle is the 100% owner of the Diamond Creek phosphate mine located in in Utah (USA) which 
is a fully permitted, high grade direct shipping ore organic phosphate operating mine. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  47

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

16. Investments in subsidiaries and associates continued

At 30 September 2020 the Company had advanced US$ 1.9m to Falcon Isle, resulting in an equity interest of 
40% and bringing the cost of the investment in the associate to £1,626,000. Subsequent to the year end the 
Company has advanced the balance of $0.6m and its equity interest has increased to 51%. 

Summarised financial information for associates 
Set out below are the summarised financial information for Falcon Isle Resources, LLC which are accounted for 
using the equity method. 

Summarised Statement of Financial Position 

2020 
£000 

249 
203 
190 

642 

1 

1 

53 
446 

509 

2020 
£000 

141 
(55) 

86 

(97) 

(11) 

– 

(11) 

– 

(11) 

Current 
Cash and cash equivalents
Inventory
Other current assets

Total current assets

Trade and other payables

Total current liabilities

Non-current 
Tangible fixed assets
Intangible fixed assets

Total non-current assets

Summary of Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Expenses

Profit before tax

Tax

Post tax profit from continuing activities

Other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive income

48  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 49

17. Other investments 

Group and company 

Equity securities – financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
At 1 October
Value adjustment recognised in equity
Disposal via demerger

At 30 September

2020
£’000

9,923
–
(9,923)

–

2019 
£’000 

11,527 
(1,604) 
– 

9,923 

Equity securities represented ordinary and performance shares in Calidus Resources Limited (“Calidus”), a 
company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”). These shares have been re-measured to fair value 
through other comprehensive income. Fair value was the mid-market price of Calidus ordinary shares on the 
ASX, discounted in the case of performance shares to reflect the possibility that the milestones for conversion 
to ordinary shares will not be achieved. Under ASX rules, these shares were held in escrow until 22 June 2019. 
The financial asset was denominated in Australian dollars. 

18. Loans 

Company - current 

Balance at beginning of period
Funds advanced to subsidiaries
Repaid/impaired

Balance at 30 September

2020
£’000

1,379
159
(4)

1,534

2019 
£’000 

1,484 
230 
(335) 

1,379 

All loans to subsidiaries are currently unsecured and interest free and repayable on demand. All loans are 
denominated in GBP. 

19. Trade and other receivables 

Group 

Other receivables
Prepayments

Company 

Other receivables
Prepayments

2020
£’000

71
12

83

2020
£’000

58
12

70

2019 
£’000 

25 
10 

35 

2019 
£’000 

24 
10 

34 

Other receivables are stated at their nominal value less allowances for non-recoverability. 

The Group and Company’s exposure to credit and currency risk is disclosed in note 25.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  49

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

20. Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents

Company 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents

2020
£’000

438

438

2020
£’000

428

428

2019 
£’000 

184 

184 

2019 
£’000 

175 

175 

There is no material difference between the fair value of cash and cash equivalents and their book value. 

21. Capital and reserves 

Share capital 

In issue at beginning of year
Issued for cash
Issued in settlement of debt
Cancelled under capital reduction

In issue at 30 September – fully paid

Resulting from capital reduction
Issued for cash
Issued in settlement of debt

In issue at 30 September – fully paid

In issue at beginning of year
Cancelled under capital reduction

In issue at 30 September – fully paid

Balance at beginning of year
Share issues
Deferred shares cancelled
Capital reduction

Balance at 30 September

50  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Number of old ordinary shares 
£0.001 each 
2020

2019 

2,491,358,439
7,000,000
–
(2,498,358,439)

2,289,133,439 
87,500,000 
114,725,000 
– 

–

2,491,358,439 

Number of new ordinary shares 
£0.001 each 
2020

2019 

2,498,358,439
1,646,678,326
720,971,086

4,866,007,851

– 
– 
– 

– 

Number of deferred shares 
of £0.004 each 
2020

2019 

1,193,794,390
(1,193,794,390)

1,193,794,390 
– 

–

1,193,794,390 

Ordinary and deferred  
share capital 
2020
£’000

2019 
£’000 

7,266
244
(4,775)
(2,248)

487

7,064 
202 
– 
– 

7,266 

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 51

All ordinary shares rank equally with regard to the Company’s residual assets. The holders of ordinary shares 
are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are entitled to one vote per share at general 
meetings of the Company. 

Capital reduction 
In accordance with a resolution passed at a general meeting held on 14 October 2019 the capital of the Company 
was reduced. The capital reduction was approved by the High Court at two hearings held on 5 and 19 November 
2019 as follows: 

•

•

On 5 November 2019 the Company’s share premium account was cancelled; and 

On 19 November 2019 the Company’s issued Deferred Shares were cancelled; and 0.09p of the capital 
paid up on each issued ordinary share was cancelled, reducing the nominal value of each ordinary share in 
issue to 0.01p. 

Issues of ordinary shares 
On 12 November 2019, 7,000,000 Old Ordinary Shares each were issued for cash at 0.36p per share. 

On 17 January 2020, 73,110,423 New Ordinary Shares were issued to R Lamming at 0.1639p per share in 
compensation for the loss suffered on cancellation of Share Appreciation rights vested to that date. 

On 28 January 2020 206,666,660 New Ordinary Shares were issued for cash at 0.15p per share, and 6,666,660 
New Ordinary Shares were issued at 0.15p per share to settle creditors. 

On 13 August 2020, 1,191,230,001 New Ordinary Shares were issued and on 25 August 2020, 889,975,668 New 
Ordinary Shares were issued, all at 0.12p per share. Of these shares; 

•

•

•

•

1,440,011,666 were issued for cash, 

78,739,000 were issued to settle creditors, 

112,491,001 were issued to settle a finders fee; and 

449,964,002 were issued to D Reeves and R Lamming, directors of the Company, in consideration of the 
assignment to the Company of loans totalling $700,000, previously made by them to Falcon Isle. 

Warrants 
                                                                                                                                                2020                                                           2019 

In issue at beginning of year
Lapsed in year
Lapsed in year
Issued in year
Exercised in year

In issue at 30 September

Average
exercise
price

0.36p
–
–
0.24p
0.36p

0.24p

Number

7,000,000
–
–
984,357,334
(7,000,000)

984,357,334

Average 
exercise 
price

0.48p
0.5p
0.46p
–
–

0.48p

Number 

142,257,023 
(75,714,280) 
(59,542,743) 
– 
– 

142,257,023 

On 25 August 2020 984,357,334 warrants were issued to subscribers for the New Ordinary Shares issued on 13 
and 25 August 2020, (other than the shares issued in settlement of the finder’s fee, but including shares issued 
to D Reeves and R Lamming) on the basis of 1 warrant for every 2 shares subscribed. The warrants are exercisable 
at price of 0.24p at any time up to 31 August 2021. 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the warrants outstanding is 335 days. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  51

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

21. Capital and reserves continued

Other reserves 

Share option/warrant reserve 
The share option/warrant reserve comprises the cumulative entries made to the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive  income  in  respect  of  equity-settled  share-based  payments  as  adjusted  for  share  options 
cancelled. 

Exchange reserve 
The exchange reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial 
statements of foreign operations. 

Fair value reserve 
The fair value reserve comprised the cumulative net change in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets 
until the assets were derecognised or impaired. 

22. Earnings per share 

Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share 
The calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share at 30 September 2020 is based on the following (loss)/profit 
attributable to ordinary shareholders and a weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue. 

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders (£) 

Continuing operations

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Issued ordinary shares at beginning of year
Effect of shares issued

Weighted average number of ordinary shares

2020

(1,181,000)

(1,181,000)

2019 

(514,000) 

(514,000) 

2020

2019 

2,491,358,439
444,668,141

2,289,133,439 
18,837,397 

2,936,026,580

2,307,970,836 

The warrants in issue are considered to be antidilutive and as a result, basic and diluted loss per share are the 
same. 

23. Share-based payments 
On 28 April 2016, the Company established a Share Appreciation Right Scheme to incentivise Directors and 
senior executives. 

On 12 March 2018, 90,000,000 shares were granted at 0.36p per share with 30,000,000 vesting immediately, 
30,000,000 vesting on 12 March 2019 and 30,000,000 vesting on 12 March 2020. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 60%, expected life of 2.5 years and risk free investment rate of 0.72%. The charge for the year 
ended  30  September  2019  for  these  further  rights  which  was  included  in  administrative  and  exploration 
expenses amounted to £78,000. 

52  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 53

On 17 January 2020, the Company cancelled its existing share appreciation rights (“SAR”) scheme, following 
the demerger of its holding of Calidus Shares, which resulted in a fundamental change to the underlying value 
of its assets which was too great to be adjusted under the rules of the scheme. Russell Lamming, a director of 
the company, held all of the 60,000,000 SARs which had vested prior to the demerger, and which he was 
requested by the Board not to exercise during the period prior to the approval of the demerger by the High 
Court. To compensate Mr Lamming for his loss caused by his agreeing not to exercise, calculated to be £119,828, 
he was allotted 73,110,423 New Ordinary Shares credited as fully paid at the 30-day Volume Weighted Average 
Price at the close of business on 16 January 2020 of 0.1639 pence per share. 

The Company established an Enterprise Management Incentive Scheme to incentivise Directors and senior 
executives. On 17 January 2020, 120,000,000 options were granted at £0.001639 with 10,000,000 vesting 
immediately, 30,000,000 vesting on 9 March 2020, 30,000,000 vesting on 17 January 2021, 30,000,000 vesting 
on 17 January 2022 and 20,000,000 vesting on 17 January 2023. The options lapse if not exercised within 5 
years. Of the total, 90,000,000 options were granted to R Lamming, a Director. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 55%, expected life of between 2 and 5 years and risk free investment rate of between 0.23% 
and  0.39%.  The  charge  for  the  year  ended  30  September  2020  for  these  rights  which  was  included  in 
administrative and exploration expenses amounted to £63,000. 

24. Trade and other payables 

Group 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Other payables

Company 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Other payables

2020
£’000

104
228
135

467

2020
£’000

21
97
64

182

2019 
£’000 

108 
155 
18 

281 

2019 
£’000 

94 
155 
– 

249 

There is no material difference between the fair value of trade and other payables and accruals and their book 
value. The Group’s and Company’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is 
disclosed in note 25.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

25. Financial instruments 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks that include liquidity risk. The Group has in place 
a risk management programme that seeks to limit the adverse effect of such risks on its financial performance. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails 
to meet its contractual obligations. 

Exposure to credit risk 
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to 
credit risk at the reporting date was as follows. 

Group 

Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Company 

Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2020
£’000

67
438

505

2019 
£’000 

35 
184 

219 

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2020
£’000

2,998
56
428

3,482

2019 
£’000 

1,379 
34 
175 

1,588 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its 
financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. 

The Group reviews its facilities regularly to ensure it has adequate funds for operations and expansion plans. 

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and 
excluding the impact of netting agreements. 

Group 
2020 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

54  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

467

467

(467)

(467)

(78)

(78)

(389) 

(389) 

260607 Keras Resources pp31-imprint.qxp  03/03/2021  18:12  Page 55

Group 
2019 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Company 
2020 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Company 
2019 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

281

281

(281)

(281)

(47)

(47)

(234) 

(234) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

182

182

(182)

(182)

(30)

(30)

(152) 

(152) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

249

249

(249)

(249)

(42)

(42)

(207) 

(207) 

Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity 
prices will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market 
risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within  acceptable  parameters,  while 
optimising the return. 

Currency risk 
The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on purchases that are denominated in currencies other than GBP. 
The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily the CFA Franc and the US dollar. 

Fair values 
The fair values of financial instruments such as trade and other receivables/payables are substantially equivalent 
to carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheet. 

Capital management 
The Group’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard its accumulated capital in order to provide an 
adequate return to shareholders by maintaining a sufficient level of funds, in order to support continued 
operations. 

The Group considers its capital to be total shareholders’ equity which at 30 September 2020 for the Group 
totalled £3,148,000 (2019: £11,320,000) and for the Company totalled £3,472,000 (2019: £11,262,000).

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  55

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

26. Related parties 
The Group’s related parties include its key management personnel and others as described below. 

No guarantees have been given or received and all outstanding balances are usually settled in cash. 

On 17 January 2020, the Company cancelled its existing Share Appreciation Rights scheme and R Lamming was 
compensated for this. On the same day R Lamming was granted options under a new EMI option scheme. Full 
details can be found in note 23. 

Of the remuneration payable to D Reeves, £31,000 remains unpaid as at 30 September 2020 (2019 £7,000). 

D Reeves and R Lamming agreed to convert loans of $700,000, previously made to Falcon Isle and assigned to 
the Company, into New Ordinary Shares, thus 449,964,002 were issued at 0.12p per share as detailed in note 
21. In addition, warrants to subscribe for 224,982,002 New Ordinary Shares at a price 0.24p per share were 
issued to them. 

Other related party transactions 

Transactions with Group companies 
The Company had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Southern Iron Limited 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

2020
£’000

2019 
£’000 

1,534

1,379 

Southern Iron Limited had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Société Générale des Mines SA 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

27. Subsequent events 

1,694

1,574 

Issues of New Ordinary Shares 
On 18 December 2020 the Company raised a total of £550,000 before costs by the issue of 500,000,000 New 
Ordinary shares at 0.11p per share, of which 400,000,000 were issued immediately and 100,000,000 on 18 
January 2021 following a General Meeting to grant increased authority to issue shares. 

On 18 January 2021 the Company raised a total of £1,000,000 before costs by the issue of 917,565,217 New 
Ordinary  shares  at  0.115p  per  share,  of  which  600,000,000  were  issued  immediately  and  317,565,217  on 
15 February 2021 following a General Meeting to grant increased authority to issue shares. 

Falcon Isle 
Since the end of the year the Company has advanced a further US$ 600,000 to Falcon Isle and, for nominal 
consideration, has increased its equity holding from 40% to 51%, so that Falcon Isle is now a subsidiary of the 
Company. The $600,000 will be accounted for as an investment. 

56  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

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Perivan    260607