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Keras Resources Plc

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FY2021 Annual Report · Keras Resources Plc
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Registered number: 07353748 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT  

FOR THE FIFTEEN MONTHS ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021  

Contents 

Pages 

Company Information ...........................................................................................................................................................2 

Chairman’s Statement ...........................................................................................................................................................3 

Strategic Report .....................................................................................................................................................................6 

The Board ..............................................................................................................................................................................12 

Corporate Governance Statement....................................................................................................................................13 

Directors’ Report..................................................................................................................................................................15 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras Resources PLC..................................................................18 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income ....................................................................................................24 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position................................................................................................................25 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 31 December 2021 ........................................................................26 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 30 September 2020 .......................................................................27 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ...........................................................................................................................28 

Company Statement of Financial Position ......................................................................................................................29 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity......................................................................................................................30 

Company Statement of Cash Flows..................................................................................................................................31 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements...........................................................................................................32 

Throughout this document ‘Keras’, ‘Keras Resources’ or ‘the Company’ means Keras Resources PLC and ‘the 
Group’ means the Company and its subsidiaries. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  1

Company information 

Directors:

B Moritz (Non-Executive Chairman) 
G Stacey (Chief Executive Officer) 
R Lamming (Non-Executive Director) 
D Reeves (Non-Executive Director) 

Company secretary:

B Moritz 

Company number:

07353748 

Registered office:

Nominated advisor
and joint broker:

Joint broker:

Solicitor:

Auditor:

Registrars:

Coveham House,  
Downside Bridge Road,  
Cobham, Surrey KT11 3EP 

SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
35-39 Maddox Street 
London W1S 2PP 

Shard Capital Partners LLP 
23rd Floor 
20 Fenchurch Street 
London EC3M 3BY 

Memery Crystal LLP 
165 Fleet Street 
London EC2A 2DY 

PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

Share Registrars Limited 
3 The Millennium Centre 
Crosby Way 
Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7XX 

2  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s Statement 

I am pleased to provide an update on our progress since my last report and set out our outlook for the business 
going forward.  

The main activity of Keras is now in developing the Diamond Creek organic phosphate mine in Utah, USA, and 
we announced on 30 March 2022 that Keras had increased its ownership from 51% to 100%. Subsequently, 
Keras concluded a £1.95m (before costs) fund raising, underpinned by a new cornerstone investor who is 
focussed on growing a portfolio of North American phosphate projects.  

The Diamond Creek phosphate mine  
Despite facing challenges throughout the reporting period, we continued to make significant progress with our 
fully integrated mine to market operation at Diamond Creek in Utah which is believed to be one of the highest 
grade organic rock phosphate deposits in the US. 

The Diamond Creek phosphate mine, which is situated on an 840 acre Federal Lease, and the Spanish Fork 
Processing  Facility,  are  owned  and  operated  by  Falcon  Isle  Resources  LLC  and  Falcon  Isle  Holdings  LLC 
(collectively ‘Falcon Isle’). Keras initially acquired a 51% equity interest in Falcon Isle in July 2020 for nominal 
consideration by agreeing to loan a total of $2.5m to Falcon Isle in tranches. The last tranche of the loan was 
advanced at the end of December 2020, so that Falcon Isle has been accounted for as a subsidiary of Keras for 
2021. Post-period end, in March 2022, we were pleased to announce that Keras had agreed to acquire our 
partner’s 49% equity interest in Falcon Isle, increasing our holding from 51% to 100%, for a total consideration 
of US$3.2m, which includes loans repaid to the vendor totalling US $1,816,527. This agreement made Falcon 
Isle a wholly owned subsidiary of Keras, allowing Graham Stacey, previously COO of Keras, to take over full 
management control of the operation, and become CEO of the Group. Importantly, the agreement avoided a 
lengthy  and  costly  litigation  process,  operations  recommenced  immediately,  and  we  continue  to  meet 
customers’ demand for our phosphate product. 

Located approximately 80km south-east of Salt Lake City, Diamond Creek is one of the highest-grade organic 
phosphate deposits in the US, and our mission going forward is to build the operation into the premier organic 
phosphate producer in the US. Our focus and market segment is in supporting sustainable agriculture and we 
are strong advocates for the benefits of enhancing soil health. Our organic phosphate fertiliser products can 
help farmers realise better crop growth and yields while reducing the soil degradation seen when farmers use 
chemically manufactured fertilisers. 

The mine is fully permitted, and the Spanish Fork processing plant is close to infrastructure and ideally located 
to take advantage of Salt Lake City’s resources including labour, supplies, industrial engineering and financial 
services. The integrated mining and processing operation has compelling economics with a low capex, simple 
low-intensity seasonal mining operation and our in-house processing plant has flexibility to beneficiate a variety 
of organic rock phosphate products throughout the period. The mined material only requires crushing, milling 
and  bagging  before  being  sold  as  high-grade  organic  rock  phosphate  fertiliser  –  a  23%  total  phosphorus 
pentoxide (‘P205’) premium product and importantly with minimum 12% available P205 which is significantly 
higher than our competitors. 

The project has a pre-stripped area with production drilling information delineating approximately 2 years of 
planned production still in-situ. However, we believe there is significant scope to increase the current life of 
mine  at  Diamond  Creek  with  historic  “surface  mineable  resources”  representing  in  excess  of  60  years  of 
production. Part of the funds raised recently will be used to establish a NI 43-101 compliant mineral resource 
at Diamond Creek. 

Immediately post Keras’ injection of funding into Falcon Isle, beneficiation was undertaken on a toll basis with 
a key contractor. The Company subsequently took the decision to move processing in-house and construct a 
new plant at Spanish Fork, 30km from Diamond Creek. This was to both increase the installed capacity and 
enable flexibility to beneficiate a variety or organic phosphate products to offer across our marketing campaign. 
The plant was fabricated and shipped from Shanghai, with construction commencing on site in Spanish Fork in 
February 2021 and commissioning was successfully completed at the end of June, 2021.  

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  3

Chairman’s Statement 

continued

In November 2021 the Company announced it was in dispute with its 49% partner in Falcon Isle due to a capital 
shortfall resulting in all operations at Diamond Creek being temporarily halted and Keras engaging local US legal 
representatives to enforce its rights under the terms of the initial transaction. The 2021 mining season had 
already been completed prior to operations being suspended and sales continued to be made from processed 
material in stock over the winter period. 

In 2021, 8,520 tons of phosphate were mined and delivered to the laydown area at Diamond Creek. Sales totalled 
4,657 tons of phosphate from June 2020 through to May 2022. Since Keras took control of the marketing function 
and with both the mining and processing facilities now operating as planned developing market share will be our 
primary focus for the next two years. Production rhythm is key to the supply of both consistent quantity and 
quality products which Keras’ operational control and our recent fund-raise has now enabled.  

A key component of our marketing effort will be growth tests across a range of crops and soil types. This process 
is planned to run for the balance of 2022 and will provide focussed market feedback to support of our product 
use across crop types, regions and planting seasons. 

We are now looking forward to commencing our mining season at Diamond Creek which takes place during the 
summer season from July to September, while the mine site is free of snow.  

Nayéga manganese mine/Togo 
On the 18 October 2019 the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Togo published a decree granting the right 
for large-scale exploitation of the manganese deposit at Nayéga to the Company’s subsidiary, Société Générale 
des  Mines  (“SGM”).  Since  that  date  the  Company  has  concentrated  its  efforts  on  obtaining  the  required 
Exploitation Permit. The terms of the permit and associated protocols have been agreed, and SGM has been 
converted from a private to a public company, as required by law and in compliance with the draft Mining 
Convention. However, the exploitation permit approval has not been forthcoming.  

Financial review  
The Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the 15-month period shows a loss of £1,948,000 
(2020 – loss £1,257,000). The results of the two periods are not strictly comparable due to the different lengths 
of the periods reported on as a result of the change in year-end to 31 December. The loss for the period under 
review has suffered from delays in realising the value of the Diamond Creek mine which are referred to above.  

Also included is a technical loss amounting to £398,000 due to the IFRS requirement to treat the previous 
minority  interest  in  Falcon  Isle  as  having  been  disposed  of  and  the  51%  majority  acquired  as  a  separate 
transaction. 

During the period Keras undertook two fund raisings, in December 2020 and January 2021, raising £550,000 
and £1,000,000 respectively (before costs), primarily to facilitate finance for the Diamond Creek mine, and also 
for working capital generally. 

In May 2022 Keras raised a further £1,950,000 (before costs) at a premium to the previous share price, of which 
£960,000  was  subscribed  by  a  new  cornerstone  investor,  First  Uranium  Resources  Ltd,  a  Canadian  public 
company active in the North American phosphate market. These funds will be used for the first tranche of 
US$800,000 of the cost of acquiring the former minority interest in Falcon Isle, the establishment of a NI 43-101 
compliant Mineral Resource at Diamond Creek, expansion of the Falcon Isle business into other fields of activity 
and general working capital. 

First Uranium initially acquired a 10.03% interest in the Company by participating in the above Capital raise and, 
subsequent to this, AxCap Ventures, an associated company of First Uranium, accumulated a further 7.04% 
interest in Keras through on-market trades. First Uranium’s support for the Company is part of their focus on 
developing  a  portfolio  of  assets  in  the  North  American  phosphate  market  as  it  sees  this  as  a  key  growth 
commodity within the resource sector.  

4  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Directors and Management 
Graham Stacey, who has been COO since 2020, was appointed to the Board in November 2021 and assumed 
responsibility for the Diamond Creek mine in March 2022. He is in the process of relocating from Johannesburg 
to Utah. On 1 June 2022 Graham took over the role of Chief Executive Officer from Russell Lamming, who has 
become a Non-Executive Director. I would like to welcome Graham to the Board and thank Russell for his untiring 
work during his tenure as CEO. 

Later in the year, on 1 September 2022, Russell will take over from me as Non-Executive Chairman. I will remain 
a Non-Executive Director and Company Secretary, and I will continue to provide oversight of the Company's 
finances. 

Outlook 
With the closing of the £1.95m capital raise and securing 100% of our high-grade organic phosphate Diamond 
Creek mine, we believe the Company is excellently positioned to deliver into the growing organic agricultural 
sector. This sector is underpinned by the macro-economic tailwinds of the global fertiliser markets, and we 
remain bullish on our premium phosphate product and our position as we continue to build market share. 

Plans for expansion to broaden our product mix are under way and we continue to negotiate new offtake 
agreements with our repeat customers. The construction of a downstream granulator plant is planned for 2022 
to allow us to further expand the range of our products from five sized dry products to include two sized 
granulated products which will attract a price premium in markets that we are not currently supplying. Now 
that we are fully in charge of operations the Directors are confident that Falcon Isle will be a profitable and 
valuable asset for the Group, and we look forward to updating our shareholders on our progress as we continue 
to ramp up the production profile and build our position and market share of the fast-growing US organic 
phosphate market. 

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my colleagues on the Board and our management team 
for their hard work, and shareholders for their continuing support. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

29 June 2022

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  5

 
Strategic Report 

Having acquired 100% control of the Diamond Creek asset, the Group’s strategy is to progressively enhance 
shareholder value through building market share for its products within the North American organic fertiliser 
market. At the same time ongoing value engineering initiatives will continue to streamline operations and 
rationalise costs to ensure consistent product quality and volumes, all aimed at increasing margins. In the 
longer-term,  enhancing  value  of  that  asset  will  involve  both  organic  expansion  as  well  as  identifying 
value-accretive projects/businesses with natural synergies to increase scale and to add value to the Company. 

Diamond Creek is one of the highest-grade organic phosphate mines in the US, and the Company’s purpose is 
to build the operation into the premier organic phosphate producer in the US. Keras supports sustainable, 
regenerative agriculture and is an advocate for the benefits of enhancing soil health. Diamond Creek’s organic 
phosphate fertiliser products can help farmers realise better crop growth and yields, reduce soil degradation, 
build and maintain soil organic matter to improve overall soil health, and ultimately reduce CO2 levels in the 
atmosphere through carbon sequestration. 

Organic fertilisers’ significantly lower carbon footprint relative to traditional synthetic/chemical fertilisers and 
will  continue  to  support  demand  and  pricing  for  organic  replacements  including  rock  phosphate.  Keras  is 
therefore also looking at developing opportunities around carbon sequestration and the associated carbon 
credits to further augment its business and enhance shareholder value. Diamond Creek’s organic phosphate 
products have the potential to tap directly into this rapidly growing market and the Company is looking at 
developing and enhancing the value of this aspect of its portfolio and in-turn generate greater returns for 
shareholders. 

The Group’s business model has established the Company as an efficient, high-quality and low-cost producer 
direct into the North American fertiliser market.  

During the reporting period the Group was focussed largely on developing operations at Diamond Creek to 
maximise operational efficiencies, build market share and generate cashflow. The mine is owned by Falcon Isle, 
in which the Company held a 51% equity interest during the reporting period, subsequently increasing this to 
100% in March 2022.  

The Company is aware of a national geophysical survey being undertaken by the Togolese Ministry of Mines and 
Energy and we do not expect the permitting process at our Nayéga manganese project to be concluded prior 
to the survey being completed. 

In exploring and developing mines to exploit mineral deposits, the Group accepts that not all its exploration 
will be successful but also that the rewards for success can be high. It therefore expects that its shareholders 
will be invested for potential capital growth, taking a long-term view of management’s good track record in 
mineral discovery and development. The Directors have continued to invest in the Company and currently hold 
approximately 21.3% of the issued shares in Keras, after allowing for the substantial fund raisings since the 
period end. We believe this stake provides further evidence of the Board’s belief in and commitment to its 
strategy.  

To date, the Group has financed its activities through equity raisings. As the Group’s projects become more 
advanced, the Board will seek mining and/or offtake finance and may also investigate strategic opportunities to 
obtain funding for projects from future customers via pre-payments, royalties, and other marketing arrangements. 

Financial and Performance Review 
Turnover in the period under review comprised sales of phosphate fertilisers by Falcon Isle. Turnover of £452,000 
was constrained by construction of the processing plant, which was only operational for the final six months of 
the period, as well as the problems with working capital referred to previously.  

The results of the Group are set out in detail in the financial statements. The Group reports a loss for the period 
of £1,948,000 (2020: loss £1,257,000).

6  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Fixed  assets  total  £5,375,000  (2020:  £1,332,000),  which  includes  the  bulk  sample  plant  and  associated 
infrastructure at the Nayéga project, and the Falcon Isle processing plant totalling £544,000 (2020: £262,000). 

The Directors have assessed the carrying values of Falcon Isle and SGM and no impairment has been deemed 
necessary.  

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 
During the period the Board monitored the following KPIs: 

•

Cash flow and working capital: 

o

o

Short (<3 months) and long-term cashflow models are prepared to monitor and forecast the Group’s 
funding needs; 

Management accounts prepared on a monthly basis for the Group’s key subsidiaries and quarterly 
on a consolidated basis. 

Mining projects 
North America 
Keras acquired an interest in Falcon Isle, holder of the Diamond Creek phosphate mine, in July 2020, and 
increased its interest to 51% in December 2020. Keras acquired the outstanding 49% post the reporting period 
in March 2022. The mine is situated approximately 80km SSE of Salt Lake City, Utah. Diamond Creek is a fully 
permitted, high-grade direct shipping ore (“DSO”), low capex organic phosphate mine, which has significant 
historical  estimated  in-situ  tonnage  (mineral  resources  have  not  been  classified  according  to  modern 
International Reporting Standards) with sufficient phosphate ore exposed in-situ to provide for the 2022 and 
2023 mining seasons before any overburden stripping is required. The phosphate mineralisation is concentrated 
in the shale beds of the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation. The mineralised zone is c.3m thick 
at the base of the Meade Peake Member and averages 23% total P2O5 with guaranteed available P2O5 of 12%. 
Historic  reports  vary  with  "surface  mineable  resources"  ranging  from  3.10Mt  to  4.60Mt.  At  an  internally 
estimated peak production rate of 23.5ktpa, the opencast resources alone represent a significant mine life. 

The 2021 mining campaign was completed in October 2021 with a total of 8,520 ore tons extracted from the 
mine. Beneficiation during the reporting period was undertaken through a combination of contractor toll-milling 
(producing 10mesh and -50mesh products) and Falcon Isle owned milling infrastructure. A new high-pressure 
rolls  milling  plant  was  successfully  commissioned  during  June  2021  which  has  the  capacity  to  produce 
steady-state product of 23,500 tons per month. The plant comprises front-end feed, primary crush, milling, dust 
extraction, 50lb and 1ton bagging circuits to produce a range of products including -50 mesh, -100 mesh and 
-350 mesh powders in either 50lb bags or 1ton bags (totes). A granulation plant was procured and delivered to 
our Spanish Fork site during September 2021 with construction and commissioning planned for the second half 
of 2022 which will further broaden our product range to include high margin granulated organic phosphate. 

The product has received Organic Certification by all three key certification agencies in the USA – California 
(CDFA),  Washington  State  (WSDA)  and  the  federal  Organic  Materials  Review  Institute  (OMRI).  As  a  Direct 
Shipping Ore (DSO) it requires no chemical/synthetic upgrade processes. Our rock contains low heavy metal 
impurities, significantly higher available P2O5 than any other organic rock phosphate in North America, and a 
calcium content of >25%. 

Africa 
Keras currently holds an 85% interest in the Nayéga manganese project in Togo, which covers 19,903 hectares 
in northern Togo, held through Société Générale des Mines SA (SGM). As set out in the Chairman’s Statement, 
SGM is still waiting for the issue of the exploitation permit.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  7

 
Strategic Report 

continued

Sustainability 
Keras is committed to responsible mining and upholding ESG best practice across our business. We care about 
all our stakeholders and are focused on looking to create value and benefits for all whilst seeking to manage and 
mitigate the potential impacts that our operations may have. We are focussed on mining an essential resource 
that can contribute to a more sustainable future and importantly sustainable and regenerative agriculture. With 
the Diamond Creek mine we are running a simple operation with only crushing & milling requirements and will 
look to maintain our low carbon footprint. We are focused on meeting our commitments across the ESG space 
and will continue to be proactive in this area as we look to develop and sustain a positive legacy. 

Risk Management 
The Board regularly reviews the risks to which the Group is exposed and ensures through its meetings and 
regular reporting that these risks are minimised as far as possible.  

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group at this stage in its development are: 

Market Risk 
Unlike marketing globally traded, indexed commodities into international markets, growing market share within 
the niche organic fertiliser market within North America presents risk in terms of pricing and volume.  

The Group has employed a head of marketing to develop and implement a marketing strategy which will be a 
key focus area to build market share. The business has a range of existing customers, three of which are anchor 
clients having provided commitments to purchase a pleasing base load of our planned annual production. Our 
marketing strategy rollout will include presence at industry trade exhibitions and conferences, as well as regular 
regional direct contact visits with a comprehensive schedule of contacts within the wholesale and distribution 
segments of the organic fertiliser market. Our business model will largely be driven by uptake from co-operative 
type clients with wide distribution networks, rather than selling directly to farmers themselves.  

Exploration Risk 
The Group’s business has been primarily mineral exploration and evaluation which are speculative activities and 
whilst the Directors are satisfied that good progress is being made, there is no certainty that the Group will be 
successful in the definition of economic mineral deposits, or that it will proceed to the development of any of 
its projects or otherwise realise their value.  

The Group aims to mitigate this risk when evaluating new business opportunities by targeting areas of potential 
where there is at least some historical drilling or geological data available. 

Resource Risk  
All mineral projects have risk associated with defined grade and continuity. Mineral reserves and resources are 
calculated by the Group in accordance with accepted industry standards and codes but are always subject to 
uncertainties in the underlying assumptions which include geological projection and commodity price assumptions. 

The Group reports mineral resources and ore reserves in accordance with internationally approved codes where 
our operations/projects are located, which set minimum standards for public reporting of mineral exploration 
results, mineral resources and ore reserves. 

Development Risk  
Delays  in  permitting,  financing  and  commissioning  a  project  may  result  in  delays  to  the  Group  meeting 
development and/or production targets. Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic viability of 
mining projects and affect decisions on continuing exploration activity.  

8  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Mining and Processing Technical Risk  
Notwithstanding the completion of metallurgical testwork, trial mining and pilot studies indicating the technical 
viability of a mining operation, variations in mineralogy, mineral continuity, ground stability, ground water 
conditions and other geological conditions may still render a mining and processing operation economically or 
technically non-viable.  

The Group has a small team of mining professionals experienced in geological evaluation, exploration, financing 
and development of mining projects. To mitigate development risk, the Group supplements this from time to 
time with engagement of external expert consultants and contractors. 

Environmental Risk  
Exploration and development of a project can be adversely affected by environmental legislation and the 
unforeseen results of environmental studies carried out during evaluation of a project. Once a project is in 
production unforeseen events can give rise to environmental liabilities.  

As Keras undertakes mining operations, any disturbance to the environment during this phase is required to be 
rehabilitated in accordance with the prevailing regulations of the countries in which we operate as well as to 
international best-practice.  

Given the Group’s size and scale it is not considered practical or cost effective to collect and report data on 
carbon emissions. 

Financing & Liquidity Risk  
The Group has had an ongoing requirement to fund its activities through the equity markets and may in future 
need obtain finance for further project development. There is no certainty such funds will be available when 
needed. To date, Keras has managed to raise funds primarily through equity placements despite the very difficult 
markets that currently exist for raising funding in the junior mining industry.  

Political Risk  
All countries carry political risk that can lead to interruption of activity. Politically stable countries can have 
enhanced  environmental  and  social  permitting  risks,  risks  of  strikes  and  changes  to  taxation  whereas  less 
developed countries can have, in addition, risks associated with changes to the legal framework, civil unrest and 
government expropriation of assets. 

Partner Risk  
Whilst there has been no past evidence of this, the Group can be adversely affected if joint venture or equity 
partners are unable or unwilling to perform their obligations or fund their share of future developments. Keras 
no longer operates with either equity or joint venture partners having secured 100% of the Diamond Creek 
project.  

Bribery Risk 
The Group has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy and whistle blowing policy under the Bribery Act 
2010.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  Group  may  be  held  liable  for  offences  under  that  Act  committed  by  its 
employees or subcontractors, whether or not the Group or the Directors had knowledge of the commission of 
such offences. 

Financial Instruments  
Details of risks associated with the Group’s financial instruments are given in Note 26 to the financial statements. 
Keras does not utilise any complex or derivative financial instruments. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  9

 
Strategic Report 

continued

COVID-19 
Travel and shipping restrictions in place globally during 2021 had a direct impact on timing and cost of delivery 
of plant and equipment to the USA. However, given recent developments the Directors do not believe that 
Covid 19 will have a material effect on the Company or its operations going forward.  

Insurance Coverage 
The Group maintains a suite of insurance coverage that is appropriate for the Group and Company. This is 
arranged via a specialist mining insurance broker and coverage includes public and products liability, travel, 
property and medical coverage and assistance while Group employees and consultants are travelling on Group 
business. This is reviewed at least annually and adapted as the Group’s scale and nature of activities changes. 
Keras also has Directors and Officers insurance in place. 

Internal Controls and Risk Management  
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system of internal financial control. Although no system of internal 
financial control can provide absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss, the Group’s system is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  problems  are  identified  on  a  timely  basis  and  dealt  with 
appropriately.  

In carrying out their responsibilities, the Directors have put in place a framework of controls to ensure as far as 
possible that ongoing financial performance is monitored in a timely manner, that corrective action is taken and 
that risk is identified as early as practically possible. The Directors review the effectiveness of internal financial 
control at least annually.  

The Board, subject to delegated authority, reviews capital investment, property sales and purchases, additional 
borrowing facilities, guarantees and insurance arrangements.  

The Board takes account of the significance of social, environmental and ethical matters affecting the business 
of  the  Group.  At  this  stage  in  the  Group’s  development  the  Board  has  not  adopted  a  specific  policy  on 
Corporate Social Responsibility as it has a limited pool of stakeholders other than its shareholders. Rather, the 
Board seeks to protect the interests of Keras’ stakeholders through individual policies and through ethical and 
transparent actions.  

The Group has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy and a whistle blowing policy as stated previously. 

Shareholders  
The Directors are always prepared, where practicable and subject to confidentiality under the AIM Rules, to 
enter into dialogue with shareholders to promote a mutual understanding of objectives. The Annual General 
Meeting provides the Board with an opportunity to informally meet and communicate directly with investors. 

Employees  
The Group operates primarily through contractors. Notwithstanding this, the Group engages its employees to 
understand all aspects of the Group’s business and seeks to remunerate its employees fairly, being flexible 
where  practicable.  The  Group  gives  full  and  fair  consideration  to  applications  for  employment  received 
regardless of age, gender, colour, ethnicity, disability, nationality, religious beliefs, transgender status or sexual 
orientation. The Group takes account of employees’ interests when making decisions and welcomes suggestions 
from employees aimed at improving the Group’s performance.  

The Group currently operates in the USA and Togo. It recruits locally as many of its employees and contractors 
as practicable.  

The Company has four directors, all are male. 

10  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Suppliers and Contractors  
The Group recognises that the goodwill of its contractors, consultants and suppliers is important to its business 
success and seeks to build and maintain this goodwill through fair dealings. The Group has a prompt payment 
policy and seeks to settle all agreed liabilities within the terms agreed with suppliers. Contractors are appointed 
based on a detailed assessment of their capabilities, capacity and track record. 

Health and Safety  
The Board recognises that it has a responsibility to provide strategic leadership and direction in the development 
of the Group’s health and safety strategy in order to protect all of its stakeholders. The Group does not have a 
formal health and safety policy at this time. This is re-evaluated as and when the Group’s nature and scale of 
activities expand. 

Section 172 statement 
The Directors believe they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the Company for the 
benefit of its members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act 2006. 

The requirements of s172 are for the Directors to: 

•

•

•

•

•

•

Consider the likely consequences of any decision in the long-term; 

Act fairly between the members of the Company; 

Maintain a reputation for high standards of business conduct; 

Consider the interests of the Company’s employees; 

Foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others; and 

Consider the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment. 

The Company’s operations and strategic aims are set out throughout the Strategic Report and in the Chairman’s 
Statement, and relationships with stakeholders are also dealt with in the Corporate Governance Statement. 

Graham Stacey 
Director 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 29 June 2022

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  11

 
The Board 

BRIAN MORITZ 
Non-Executive Chairman 

Brian  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  and  former  Senior  Partner  of  Grant  Thornton,  London.  He  formed  Grant 
Thornton’s Capital Markets Team which floated over 100 companies on AIM under his chairmanship. In 2004 he 
retired  from  Grant  Thornton  to  concentrate  on  bringing  new  companies  to  the  market  as  a  director.  He 
concentrates on mining companies, primarily in Africa, and was formerly chairman of African Platinum PLC 
(Afplats) and Metal Bulletin PLC as well as currently being chairman of several junior mining companies. 

GRAHAM STACEY 
Chief Executive Officer – from 1 June 2022 

Graham holds an honours degree in Mining Engineering from WITS University in Johannesburg (1995), and an 
MBA from the WITS Business School (2004) and a Mine Manager’s Certificate of Competency (2001). Graham 
has over 25 years' experience across a range of commodities in the resources sector, including direct operational 
management in the coal, PGE and chrome businesses in South Africa, manganese in Togo and rock phosphate 
in the USA, as well in a technical consulting role (2004-2008). He is a Competent Person and Competent Valuator 
as a longstanding member of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (SAIMM), and has wide ranging 
experience in mine design, project execution, operations and mineral resource management. He was previously 
a director of AIM listed Chromex Mining. Following the acquisition of 100% of Falcon Isle he has been appointed 
as MD of that company. 

RUSSELL LAMMING 
Non-Executive Director – from 1 June 2022 

Russell  Lamming  is  a  qualified  geologist  with  an  honours  degree  in  geology  from  the  University  of  the 
Witwatersrand and a Bachelor of Commerce in Economics from the University of Natal. Russell has a broad 
range of experience including directorship of a South African mining consultancy and precious metals analyst 
for a leading international broker and was the CEO of AIM listed Chromex Mining and Goldplat Plc. He has strong 
relationships in London and internationally and has raised considerable funds for resource companies over 
the years. 

DAVE REEVES 
Non-Executive Director 

Dave  holds  a  first  class  honours  degree  in  mining  engineering  from  the  University  of  New  South  Wales,  a 
graduate diploma in applied finance and investment from the Securities Institute of Australia, and a Western 
Australian  first  class  mine  managers  certificate  of  competency.  He  has  over  25  years’  experience  and  has 
operated  in  Australia,  Africa  and  Europe  in  gold,  precious  metals,  mineral  sands,  bulks  and  copper.  He  is 
Managing Director of Calidus Resources Limited. 

12  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Corporate Governance Statement 

To the extent applicable, and to the extent able (given the current size and structure of the Company and the 
Board), the Company has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code. Details of how 
the Company complies with the principles contained in the Code are set out below. 

No key governance matters have arisen since the publication of the last Annual Report.  

Taking account of the Company’s size and nature, the Board considers that the current Board is a cost effective 
and practical method of directing and managing the Company. As the Company’s activities develop in size, 
nature and scope, the size of the Board and the implementation of additional corporate governance policies 
and structures will be reviewed. Further disclosures under the Code are included on the Company’s website. 

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promote long term value for shareholders. 

The Company’s strategy is to identify mining projects which can be developed to create value and income for 
shareholders. In June 2017 this strategy was successfully demonstrated when the Company’s Australian gold 
exploration assets were floated on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) with the name Calidus Resources 
Limited. In November 2019 the Company’s shares in Calidus were demerged and transferred to the Company’s 
shareholders by way of a capital reduction. 

The  demerger  has  permitted  the  Board  to  examine  other  projects,  and  in  particular  the  Diamond  Creek 
phosphate mine in Utah, USA, where the Company has completed the staged acquisition of a controlling 51% 
equity interest in December 2020, and the balance of 49% equity interest in March 2022. This is now the 
Company’s main project. 

Principle 4: Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the organisation. 

The risks facing the Company are detailed in the Strategic Report. The Board seeks to mitigate such risks so far 
as it is able to do, but certain important risks cannot be controlled by the Board. 

In particular, products the Company is seeking to identify and ultimately mine are traded globally at prices 
reflecting supply and demand rather than the cost of production. So far as the Company is concerned, the 
substantial  decline  in  the  price  of  iron  ore  rendered  two  previous  projects  non-viable,  both  of  which  had 
appeared to have substantial value on a discounted cash flow basis, and they were abandoned. 

While the Company will only invest in exploration projects where there is a legal right to convert an initial 
exploration licence to a mining licence, in practice it may be difficult to obtain such conversion for political 
reasons. There is no legal way that the Company can protect itself against this possibility. 

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair. 

The Company will only begin to earn material income during the current period. The Board has four Directors, 
who have demonstrated their commitment to the Company by supporting fund raisings, with the result that 
they own, in aggregate, some 21.3% of the ordinary issued share capital. It follows that none of these directors 
is considered to be independent.  

Graham Stacey, the CEO since 1 June 2022, works full time for the Company, with primary responsibility for the 
Diamond Creek phosphate mine in Utah, USA, which is now owned 100% by the Company. The other directors, 
Brian Moritz (the Chairman), Russell Lamming (CEO until 1 June 2022) and Dave Reeves, are non-executive 
directors.  As  directors  are  resident  in  several  different  time  zones  around  the  world,  Board  meetings  are 
normally conducted by video conference or by telephone. 

The  CEO  is  in  constant  touch  with  the  Directors.  He  also  holds  frequent  informal  discussions  with  the 
non-executive directors. Throughout the period such discussions average approximately two per week.  

Non-executive directors are committed to devote 30 days per annum to the Company, but in fact exceed that 
required time commitment. Prior to 1 April 2019 each of the non-executive directors has reduced his fees drawn 
to half of the contracted amount, to £15,000 per annum for the Chairman, Brian Moritz, and £12,000 per annum 
for Dave Reeves, non-executive director. Subsequently fees were increased to £42,000 per annum for the 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  13

Corporate Governance Statement 

continued

Chairman and £24,000 per annum for each non-executive director, still below the median for AIM companies, 
but more in line with the time commitments and efforts of the non-executive directors. Brian Moritz also acts 
as Company Secretary. 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities. 

CVs of the directors are disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report. 

Each of the directors maintains up to date skills by a combination of technical journals and courses.  

As an exploration and mining Company the main skills required by the Board are in the area of geology and 
mining. Russell Lamming is a qualified geologist and Dave Reeves and Graham Stacey are qualified mining 
engineers. Each has a long history of achievement in this area. Importantly, each of them has also been in charge 
of the construction and operation of mines.  

Brian Moritz is a Chartered Accountant. In addition to his financial skills, he has been registered as a Nominated 
Adviser and has wide experience of corporate transactions.  

The advice of Azets, a top 10 UK accounting firm, is sought on technical accounting matters, in particular in 
relation to compliance with IFRS. 

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement. 

The Board has successfully achieved a major objective by acquiring a phosphate mine in Utah, USA, constructing 
a processing plant and commencing production. 

The Board will concentrate on achieving profitable production and positive cash flow from its existing projects 
while continuing to seek other mining projects. 

Given the current state of the Company’s development the directors believe that the Board operates efficiently 
and cost effectively and that the cost of an external review process is not justified.  

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours. 

So far as possible the Company recruits locally for staff.  

In Utah, the Group’s product is a natural organic fertiliser which plays its part in reducing reliance on artificial 
manufactured fertilisers.  

Company has adopted a comprehensive anti-corruption and whistle blowing policy and an ethical policy which 
is strictly applied. 

Principle  10:  Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders. 

The Board communicates with its stakeholders through social media and webcasts, as well as by announcements 
on RNS. It welcomes the ability to meet and engage with shareholders at general meetings. 

The audit committee normally meets twice per annum, on its own to consider and approve the interim results, 
and with the auditors to consider the annual report and matters raised by the auditors based on their audit. 
So far as possible recommendations by the auditors are immediately implemented. As the CEO is also present 
as an observer at such meetings, no further report is submitted to the Board.  

The remuneration committee meets on an ad hoc basis when required. Fees paid to the non-executive directors 
are settled by the Chief Executive Officer, as the non-executive directors comprise the remuneration committee. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman

14  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group for the 15 month 
period ended 31 December 2021. 

The Group’s projects are set out in the Strategic Report. 

Review of business and financial performance 
Further details on the financial position and development of the Group are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, 
the Strategic Report and the annexed financial statements. 

Results 
The Group reports a loss for the period of £2,014,000 (year to 30 September 2020: loss £1,242,000). 

Major events after the balance sheet date 
Since the end of the period the Company’s equity interest in Falcon Isle has been increased from 51% to 100%, so 
that Falcon Isle is now a wholly owned subsidiary. Consideration for the acquisition of the 49% not previously owned 
is payable in three annual tranches, the first of which is due on 1 July 2022. The total consideration of $ 3.2 million 
includes loans from the vendor to Falcon Isle of $1,816,527, which will then be owed by Falcon Isle to the Company 

Also, since the end of the period, the Company has raised £1.95 million by the issue of new Ordinary Shares as 
set out in Note 27. 

Dividends 
The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend for the period ended 31 December 2021 (year ended 
30 September 2020: £nil). 

Political donations 
There were no political donations during the period (year ended 30 September 2020: £nil). 

Going concern 
The  Directors  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in  preparing  the  financial  statements  as  further 
explained in Note 2 to the financial statements. 

Directors’ indemnities 
The Group maintains Directors and Officers liability insurance providing appropriate cover for any legal action 
brought against its Directors and/or officers. 

Audit Committee 
The Audit Committee, which comprises R Lamming and B Moritz, and is chaired by B Moritz, is responsible for 
ensuring the financial performance, position and prospects of the Group are properly monitored and reported 
on and for meeting the auditors and reviewing their reports relating to accounts and internal controls. Meetings 
of the Audit Committee are held at least twice a year, at appropriate times in the reporting and audit cycle. The 
Audit Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on all matters 
for which it has responsibility. The members of the Audit Committee are re-elected annually by the Board. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Remuneration Committee, which comprises D Reeves and B Moritz and which is chaired by D Reeves, reviews 
the performance of the executive directors and sets their remuneration, determines the payment of bonuses to 
executive directors and considers the future allocation of share options and other equity incentives pursuant to 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  15

Directors’ Report 

continued

any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time to Directors and employees. 
Meetings of the Remuneration Committee are held on an ad hoc basis as required. The Remuneration Committee 
is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on all matters for which it has 
responsibility. The members of the Remuneration Committee are re-elected annually by the Board. 

Directors 
The following Directors held office throughout the period: 

B Moritz
D Reeves   
R Lamming 
G Stacey (appointed 9 November 2021) 

Directors’ interests 
The beneficial interests of the Directors holding office on 31 December 2021 in the issued share capital of the 
Company, including spouses of Directors, were as follows: 

B Moritz
D Reeves1,2
R Lamming
G Stacey

31 December 2021

30 September 2020 

Number of
New
Ordinary
Shares
177,582,118
861,942,616
416,184,497
43,739,000

Percentage
of issued
ordinary
share capital
2.82%
13.69%
6.61%
0.69%

Number of
Old
Ordinary
Shares
106,627,178
780,706,252
370,916,552
–

Percentage 
of issued 
ordinary 
share capital 
2.19% 
16.04% 
7.62% 
– 

1  477,960,361 New Ordinary Shares are held by the Elwani Trust whose beneficiaries are the spouse and children of David Reeves. 

David Reeves is a trustee of the Elwani Trust. 

2  11,597,223 New Ordinary Shares are held in the Bodmin Super Fund whose trustees and beneficiaries are David and Eleanor Reeves. 

At 30 September 2020, D Reeves and R Lamming held 143,741,001 and 112,491,001 warrants entitling them 
to subscribe for the same number of ordinary shares at a price of 0.24p per share. The subscription rights lapsed 
on 31 August 2021. By subscribing for new ordinary shares under placings in December 2020 and January 2021, 
each of B Moritz, D Reeves and R Lamming received warrants entitling them to subscribe for new ordinary 
shares. The subscription rights in these warrants have also now lapsed. 

On 26 April 2022 B Moritz, R Lamming and D Reeves, subscribed for 35,000,000, 45,000,000 and 120,000,000 
new Ordinary Shares respectively at 0.12p per share. Each share subscribed received a warrant to subscribe for 
1 new Ordinary Share at any time up to 31 May 2024, at an exercise price of 0.18p per share. 

Directors’ remuneration and service contracts 
Details of remuneration payable to Directors as disclosed in note 10 to these financial statements: 

Remuneration
£’000

Share-based
payments
£’000

52
30
219
15

316

–
–
18
7

25

15 months to
 31 December
2021
Total
£’000

Year to  
30 September  
2020 
Total 
£’000 

52
30
237
22

341

42 
24 
318 
– 

384 

B Moritz
D Reeves
R Lamming
G Stacey                                   

16  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  strategic  report,  the  directors’  report  and  the  financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with 
international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. Under 
company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company and of the profit or loss of the Group 
and Parent Company for that period.  

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•

•

•

•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

state whether the financial statements comply with international accounting standards in conformity with 
the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained 
in the financial statements; and  

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Group and Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Group’s and Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Company is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding the Company’s website.  

Statement of disclosure to auditor 
Each Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that; 

So far as they are aware, 

•

•

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and 

they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 
A  resolution  to  re-appoint  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP  as  auditor  will  be  proposed  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting. 
PKF Littlejohn LLP has indicated its willingness to continue in office. 

By order of the Board 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

29 June 2022

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  17

 
Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Keras Resources Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the 15 month period ended 31 December 2021 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive  Income,  the  Consolidated  and  Parent  Company  Statement  of  Financial  Position,  the 
Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company 
Statements of Cash Flows and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including significant accounting 
policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and 
international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and as 
regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies 
Act 2006.  

In our opinion:  

•

•

•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 31 December 2021 and of the group’s loss for the period then ended;  

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international accounting 
standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and as applied in 
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2006.  

Basis for opinion  
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company 
in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Conclusions relating to going concern  
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  is  appropriate.  Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’ 
assessment  of  the  group’s  and  parent  company’s  ability  to  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting included reviewing cashflow forecasts covering a period of 12 months from the date of approval of 
these financial statements, considering the levels of discretionary and non-discretionary expenditure forecasted, 
challenging and conducting sensitivity analysis using the key inputs and assumptions underpinning said forecasts, 
ascertaining  the  group  and  parent  company’s  current  cash  position  and  reviewing  the  group  and  parent 
company’s performance since the period end. Whilst the group made a significant loss in the period and has 
forecasted significant growth in revenues over the going concern period, the group and parent company has 
significant  cash  reserves  and  a  notable  proportion  of  the  costs  forecasted  are  discretionary  therefore  if 
forecasted growth targets are not met, discretionary costs could be reduced or deferred accordingly.   

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or 
conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's or parent company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are 
authorised for issue. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 
relevant sections of this report. 

18  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
Our application of materiality  
For the purposes of determining whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement, we 
define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement that makes it probable that the economic decisions of a 
reasonably knowledgeable person, relying on the financial statements, would be changed, or influenced. We 
also determine a level of performance materiality which we use to assess the extent of testing needed to reduce 
to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements 
exceeds materiality for the financial statements as a whole.  

Materiality  for  the  group  financial  statements  as  a  whole  was  set  as  £109,000  (2020:  £70,000).  This  was 
calculated based upon 2% of gross assets (2020: 2% of gross assets) due to the group’s significant capitalised 
exploration costs and cash reserves being key balances of interest within the financial statements and the fact 
that though generating revenues, the group is not yet profit generating. Performance materiality and the 
triviality threshold for the consolidated financial statements was set at £76,300 (2020: £49,000) and £5,450 
(£3,500)  respectively  due  to  the  assessed  risk  and  our  accumulated  knowledge  of  the  group  and  parent 
company.  

Materiality for the parent company financial statements as a whole was set as £43,700 (2020: £40,000). This 
was calculated based upon 5% of loss before tax (2020: 5% of loss before tax). Performance materiality and the 
triviality threshold for the parent company was set at £30,600 (2020: £28,000) and £2,185 (2020: £2,000) 
respectively due to the assessed risk and our accumulated knowledge of the parent company.  

We also agreed to report to the audit committee any other audit misstatements below the triviality thresholds 
established above which we believe warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. 

Our approach to the audit 
The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  The  quantitative  and  qualitative 
thresholds for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing, and extent of our audit 
procedures.  

In designing our audit, we considered areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgements by the 
directors as well as future events that are inherently uncertain. These included the recoverable value of the 
group’s capitalise exploration expenditure, the recoverable value of the parent company’s investment in its 
subsidiary  and  the  amounts  due  to  the  parent  company  by  its  subsidiaries.  We  also  addressed  the  risk  of 
management override of internal controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there was 
evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.  

We performed an audit of the financial information of the group’s three components in order to obtain the 
assurance required for the group audit opinion. All of the components were assessed as being significant due 
to their results for the period, the value of their assets, liabilities and capital and reserves as at 31 December 
2021 and the assessed risks in respect of their results for the period and their assets, liabilities and capital and 
reserves.  

Of the four reporting components of the group, two are located in the United Kingdom, one is located in the 
United States of America and one is located in Togo. PKF Littlejohn LLP audited the ultimate parent company, 
situated in the United Kingdom, and its subsidiaries, situated in the United Kingdom, United States of America 
and Togo. The Engagement Partner conducted audit work in the United Kingdom but interacted regularly with 
the  Management  team  in  the  United  States  of  America  and  Togo  during  all  stages  of  the  audit  and  was 
responsible for the scope and direction of the audit process. This, in conjunction with additional procedures 
performed, gave us appropriate evidence for our opinion on the group financial statements. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  19

 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued
Key audit matters  
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

Key Audit Matter

Going concern

The  group  made  a  loss  for  the  period  ended 
31 December 2021 totalling £1.948m.  

Given the level of cash held by the group at the 
period end, there is a risk that the group may need 
to raise further finance during the next 12 months 
in order to maintain its going concern status and 
may not be successful in raising said finance. 

See  note  2  for  disclosure  of  the  Directors’ 
justification  for  assessing  the  group  as  a  going 
concern. 

Recoverability of Intangible Assets – prospecting 
and exploration rights

The group has intangible assets of £4.606m million 
(note  14)  as  at  31  December  2021,  comprising 
prospecting and exploration rights, which is tested 
annually for impairment.  

Where  value  in  use  is  applicable,  the  estimated 
recoverable amount is subjective due to inherent 
uncertainty 
and 
discounting future cashflows. For these reasons, 
this area required additional audit work to address 
the accounting estimation and uncertainty. 

forecasting 

involved 

in 

How our scope addressed this matter 

We  obtained  and  reviewed  Management’s  latest 
group  and  parent  company  cashflow  forecasts 
covering the going concern period; challenging the 
key  assumptions,  reviewing  the  mathematical 
accuracy of the forecast and conducting sensitivity 
analysis. 

We  ascertained  the  latest  group  cash  position  and 
performance post period end.  

It  was  ascertained  that  the  group’s  forecasted  net 
cash outflows over the going concern period were 
significantly  less  than  the  latest  cash  position.  The 
forecast and the assumptions underpinning it were 
found to be reasonable. 

We  confirmed  the  group  held  good  title  to  the 
underlying exploration licenses and assessed whether 
any indicators of impairment exist. 

Where applicable, we reviewed management’s value 
in  use  calculations  to  include  the  key  assumptions 
therein.  We  performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  the 
headroom to probable changes in key assumptions. 

The exploration and evaluation assets were assessed 
with  reference  to  the  criteria 
listed  within 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standard  6,  to 
include whether: 

•

•

•

The licences are not expected to be renewed 
upon expiry; 

Substantive expenditure on further exploration 
and evaluation is not budgeted or planned; and 

Exploration  and  evaluation  work  to  date 
indicates that the carrying amount is unlikely to 
be recovered from further development or sale. 

We consider Management’s assessment of impairment 
is  reasonable  in  concluding  that  no  impairment  is 
required to be recognised at the period end.

20  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key Audit Matter

How our scope addressed this matter 

Classification  and  accounting  of  investment  in 
Falcon  Isle  Resources  and  loan  to  Falcon  Isle 
Resources

During  the  period,  the  parent  company  entered 
into  an  agreement  to  obtain  an  additional  11% 
stake in Falcon Isle Resources which brought their 
total  shareholding  to  51%,  which  the  directors 
deem to have given them control of the company. 
In the prior period, it was an associate. 

Therefore, there is a risk that the investment has 
not been accounted for in accordance with IFRS 3, 
IAS 28 and IFRS 10. 

There is also a risk that the investment in Falcon 
Isle and any amounts loaned to them during the 
period have not been accounted for correctly and 
may not be fully recoverable. 

See note 15 for disclosure made in respect of the 
accounting for this acquisition.  

We  confirmed  that  the  parent  company  had  gained 
control over Falcon Isle Resources and that the acquisition 
fell within the scope of IFRS 3.  

We  reviewed  the  step  acquisition  accounting,  the 
calculation of the loss on change of ownership and the 
calculation of goodwill arising on acquisition. Following 
the fair value uplift to capitalised exploration costs, no 
goodwill arose on the acquisition. 

We reviewed the accounting for the investment in the 
parent  company  following  the  step  acquisition.  We 
obtained  Management’s  investment  in  subsidiary  and 
intragroup loan receivable impairment assessment and 
challenged the key assumptions made by Management.  

We considered Management’s assessment of impairment, 
obtained  the  discounted  cashflow  supporting  their 
assessments  and  challenged  the  key 
inputs  and 
assumptions underpinning in said assessment.

Other information  
The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained 
within the annual report. Our opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover 
the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, 
consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our 
knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify 
such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this 
gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to 
report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard.  

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006  
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:  

•

•

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial period for which 
the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements.  

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued
Matters on which we are required to report by exception  
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report.  

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:  

•

•

•

•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or  

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; 
or  

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or  

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

Responsibilities of directors  
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing 
the group and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters 
related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 
in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, 
including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is 
detailed below: 

•

•

•

We obtained an understanding of the group and parent company and the sector in which they operate to 
identify laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on the financial 
statements. We obtained our understanding in this regard through discussions with management, industry 
research and our cumulative audit knowledge and experience of the sector. 

We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the group and parent company in this regard 
to be those arising from UK Company Law, rules applicable to issuers on AIM, including the FCA Listing 
Rules and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules. 

We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were any indications 
of non-compliance by the group and parent company with those laws and regulations. These procedures 
included, but were not limited to: 

o

Discussions  with  management  regarding  compliance  with  laws  and  regulations  by  the  parent 
company and the components; 

22  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

o

o

Review of board minutes; and 

Review of regulatory news announcements made throughout and post period-end. 

•

•

We  also  identified  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial  statements  due  to  fraud.  We 
considered, in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from management 
override of controls, we identified the potential for management bias was identified in relation to the 
impairment of capitalised exploration expenditure l and we addressed this by challenging the assumptions 
and judgements made by management when auditing that significant accounting estimate. 

As in all of our audits, we addressed the risk of fraud arising from management override of controls by 
performing audit procedures which included, but were not limited to: the testing of journals; reviewing 
accounting estimates for evidence of bias; discussing with management as to whether there were any 
instances or suspicions of fraud since 1 October 2020 within the parent company or components and 
evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal 
course of business. 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including 
those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This 
risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions 
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. 
The  risk  is  also  greater  regarding  irregularities  occurring  due  to  fraud  rather  than  error,  as  fraud  involves 
intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report.  

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the 
company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

David Thompson (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP
Statutory Auditor

29 June 2022

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  23

 
 
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

for the 15 months ended 31 December 2021

Continuing operations 
Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Administrative and exploration expenses

Loss from operating activities

Finance costs

Net finance costs

Share of net loss of associates accounted for using the
equity method 
Loss on change of ownership

Loss before taxation
Tax

Loss for the period/year 

Other comprehensive income – items that may be  
subsequently reclassified to profit or loss 
Exchange translation on foreign operations

Total comprehensive loss for the period/year

Loss attributable to:
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Loss for the period/year

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive loss for the period/year

Earnings per share  
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

15 months
ended
31 December
2021
£’000

Year ended 
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

Notes

11

15

12

452
(496)

(44)
(1,448)

(1492)

(43)

(43)

(116)

(363)

(2,014)
–

(2,014)

66

(1,948)

(1,729)
(285)

(2,014)

(1,670)
(278)

(1,948)

– 
– 

– 
(1,235) 

(1,235) 

(3) 

(3) 

(4) 

– 

(1,242) 
– 

(1,242) 

(15) 

(1,257) 

(1,181) 
(61) 

(1,242) 

(1,194) 
(63) 

(1,257) 

22

(0.033)

(0.040) 

The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

24  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
Consolidated statement of financial position 

as at 31 December 2021

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets 
Right of use asset
Investments accounted for using the equity method 

Non-current assets

Inventory
Other investments
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained (deficit)/earnings

Equity attributable to owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liabilities – current

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables
Lease liabilities – non-current

Non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

31 December
2021
£’000

30 September  
2020 
£’000 

Notes

13
14
16
15

18
16
19
20

21

24
16

24
16

554
4,606
215
–

5,375

273
–
94
166

533

263 
1,069 
– 
1,622 

2,954 

– 
83 
438 

521 

5,908

3,475 

630
4,033
111
(1,721)

3,053
229

3,282

1,658
107

1,765

749
112

861

2,626

5,908

487 
2,637 
16 
8 

3,148 
(140) 

3,008 

467 
– 

467 

– 
– 

– 

467 

3,475 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 June 2022. They 
were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  25

 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the 15 months ended 31 December 2021

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The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

26  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2020

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The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated statement of cash flows 

for the 15 months ended 31 December 2021

Cash flows from operating activities   
Loss from operating activities
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation and amortisation
Share of loss of equity accounted associate
Compensation on cancellation of SARS scheme
Equity-settled share-based payments 
Foreign exchange differences

Changes in: 
– inventory 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities
Finance costs
Taxes paid

Net cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Cash acquired on acquisition (note 15)
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
Exploration and licence expenditure
Investment in associate

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period/year

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December/30 September

15 months
ended
31 December
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

(2,014)

(1,242) 

172
116
–
37
73

76 
4 
120 
63 
(39) 

(1,616)

(1,018) 

(216)
(111)
540

(1,181)
–
–

(1,181)

158
(188)
(538)
–

(568)

1,477

1,477

(272)
438

166

– 
2 
278 

(738) 
– 
– 

(738) 

– 
(1) 
(938) 

(939) 

1,931 

1,931 

254 
184 

438 

The following significant non-cash transactions took place in the period ended 31 December 2021: 

•

•

Shares were issued to settle a total of £55,000 due to creditors. 

The investment in Falcon Isle became a subsidiary as detailed in note 15 and the assets and liabilities were 
acquired. 

The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

28  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
Company statement of financial position 

as at 31 December 2021

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Investments

Non-current assets

Other investments
Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained earnings/(deficit)

Total equity attributable to owners of the Company

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

31 December
2021
£’000

30 September 
2020 
£’000 

Notes

13
15

16
17
19
20

21

24

2
1,959

1,961

–
2,081
20
122

2,223

4,184

630
4,033
100
(729)

4,034

150

150

150

4,184

– 
1,622 

1,622 

– 
1,534 
70 
428 

2,032 

3,654 

487 
2,637 
63 
285 

3,472 

182 

182 

182 

3,654 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 from presenting the 
Parent  Company  profit  and  loss  account.  The  Parent  Company  loss  for  the  period  was  £1,014,000  (year  to 
30 September 2020: loss of £811,000). 

The  financial  statements  of  Keras  Resources  PLC,  company  number  07353748,  were  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Directors and authorised for issue on 29 June 2022. They were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  29

Company statement of changes in equity 

for the period ended 31 December 2021

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The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

30  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company statement of cash flows 

for the period ended 31 December 2021

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Share of loss of associate
Impairment/write off of loan
Compensation on cancellation of SARS scheme
Equity-settled share-based payments 
Changes in: 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Finance costs

Net cash generated by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
Investment in associate/subsidiary 

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital
Loans (to)/repaid by subsidiaries 

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period/year

Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December/30 September

15 months
ended
31 December
2021
£’000

Year ended 
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

(1,014)

(811) 

1
116
–
–
37

50
23

(787)

–

(787)

(3)
(446)

(449)

1,477
(547)

930

(306)

428

122

– 
4 
4 
120 
63 

14 
25 

(581) 

– 

(581) 

– 
(938) 

(938) 

1,931 
(159) 

1,772 

253 

175 

428 

The following significant non-cash transactions took place in the period ended 31 December 2021: 

•

Shares were issued to settle a total of £55,000 due to creditors. 

The notes on pages 32 to 57 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  31

  
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

for the 15 months ended 31 December 2021

1. Reporting entity 
Keras Resources PLC is a company domiciled in England and Wales.  The address of the Company’s registered 
office is Coveham House, Downside Bridge Road, Cobham KT11 3EP.  The Group currently operates as a miner 
of and explorer for mineral resources. The accounting reference date has changed to 31 December to be 
coterminous with the main trading subsidiaries. 

2. Going concern 
The Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the Group and Company financial statements.  
The Group’s and Company’s business activities together with the factors likely to affect its future development, 
performance and position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Strategic Report. In addition, note 25 to 
the Financial Statements includes the Group’s policies and processes for managing its financial risk management 
objectives. 

Since the end of the period, the Company has agreed to acquire the minority 49% interest in Falcon Isle, and to 
repay loans made by the vendor to Falcon Isle, for a total consideration of $3.2 million. This amount is payable 
in four annual instalments of $800,000 commencing on 1 July 2022. 

Also since the end of the period, the Company has raised a further £1.95 million, before costs, by the issue of 
New Ordinary Shares. Part of this will be used to pay the first instalment of $800,000 to the vendor of Falcon 
Isle. 

The Nayéga mine in Togo is in a position to commence operations when the exploitation licence is granted. 
Capital expenditure to expand production and working capital will be primarily provided in the short term by a 
loan in association with an offtake agreement which has been agreed in principle. Should the Company divest 
its interest in the Nayéga mine, this is expected to be a cash flow positive transaction. 

The Directors do not believe that Covid 19 has had a material effect on the Company or its operations other 
than travel restrictions which have restricted the ability of management to visit operations. This has been 
mitigated by increased home working and use of electronic communications. Such travel restrictions have now 
been removed in most instances. 

On this basis, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have adequate resources 
to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. As such, the Directors continue to adopt the 
going concern basis of accounting.  

3. Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 

(a)
The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  international  accounting 
standards in conformity with the Companies Act 2006 (“IFRSs”), and the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to 
entities reporting in accordance with IFRS. 

(b) Basis of measurement 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis unless otherwise stated. 

Functional and presentation currency 

(c)
These consolidated financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling (‘GBP’ or ‘£’), which is the Group’s 
functional currency and is considered by the Directors to be the most appropriate presentation currency to 
assist the users of the financial statements.  All financial information presented in GBP has been rounded to the 
nearest thousand, except when otherwise indicated. 

32  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

(d) Use of estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make 
judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported 
amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on 
historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the 
results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not 
readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions to accounting estimates 
are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the 
period of revision and future periods of the revision if it affects both current and future periods. 

Critical estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the 
consolidated financial statements and/or have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the 
next financial year are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

Carrying value of intangible assets

– Notes 4(e)(i) and 14 

Intercompany receivables (Company only)

Carrying value of investment in associate 

Fair value of share options and warrants

– Note 19 

– Note 15 

– Note 21 

4. Significant accounting policies 
The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  to  all  periods  presented  in  these 
consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by Group entities. 

(a) Basis of consolidation 

Business combinations 

(i)
The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the 
Group. The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair value, as are identifiable 
net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment.  Any gain on a bargain purchase 
is recognised in profit or loss immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the 
issue  of  debt  or  equity  securities.  The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the 
settlement of pre-existing relationships.  Such amounts generally are recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsidiaries 

(ii)
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has 
rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial 
statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. On disposal of subsidiaries, 
any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for 
as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This might mean that amounts previously 
recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss. 

(iii) Associates 
Investments  in  associates  are  accounted  for  using  the  equity  method  of  accounting  after  initially  being 
recognised at cost. Loans to associates denominated in US$ are recognised in sterling in the financial statements 
at the period end exchange rate. 

Loss of control 

(iv)
When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and 
any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity.  Any resulting gain or loss is recognised 
in profit or loss.  Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  33

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

(v)
Intra-group  balances  and  transactions,  and  any  unrealised  income  and  expenses  arising  from  intra-group 
transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

Foreign currency  

(b)
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group entities at 
exchange  rates  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are translated into the functional currency at the reporting date.   

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value in a foreign 
currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined.  
Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the 
exchange rate at the date of the transaction. 

Foreign operations 

(i)
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and the fair value adjustments arising on 
acquisition, are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the reporting date.  The income and expenses of foreign 
operations are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation 
reserve except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to non-controlling interests. When a 
foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control 
is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit 
or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary but 
retains  control,  then  the  relevant  proportion  of  the  cumulative  amount  is  reattributed  to  non-controlling 
interests. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant 
influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

(c)

Financial instruments 

Financial assets 

(i)
The Group’s financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables, cash and cash 
equivalents and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement 
of financial position. 

Trade receivables and intra group balances are initially recognised at fair value.  New impairment requirements 
use an expected credit loss model to recognise an allowance.  For receivables a simplified approach to measure 
expected credit losses during a lifetime expected loss allowance is available and has been adopted by the Group.  
During this process the probability of non-payment of the receivables is assessed. This probability is then 
multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit 
loss for the receivables.  For trade receivables, which are reported net, such provisions are recorded in a separate 
provision account with the loss being reported within the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.  
On confirmation that the trade and intra group receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of 
the asset is written off against the provision. 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
These assets are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair 
value  and  changes  therein,  other  than  impairment  losses  and  interest  income,  are  recognised  in  OCI  and 
accumulated in the fair value reserve.  When these assets are derecognised, any related balance within the 
FVOCI reserve is reclassified to retained earnings. 

34  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

(ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities 
The Group initially recognises debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities on the date that they are 
originated.  All other financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the 
Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. 

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the other financial liabilities category.  Such financial 
liabilities are recognised initially at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs.  Subsequent to 
initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Other financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. 

(iii)

Share capital 

Ordinary shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares 
are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. 

(d) Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement 

(i)
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any 
accumulated impairment losses.  Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
asset.   

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between 
the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsequent expenditure 

(ii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated 
with the expenditure will flow to the Group. Ongoing repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred. 

(iii) Depreciation 
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line  basis  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income over the estimated useful lives of each component. 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and are ready for 
use, or in respect of internally constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. 

The estimated useful lives of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

plant and equipment

10 years 

office equipment

computer equipment

motor vehicles

2 years 

2 years 

5 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  35

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

(e)

Intangible assets 

Prospecting and exploration rights 

(i)
Rights acquired with subsidiaries are recognised at fair value at the date of acquisition.  Other rights acquired 
and evaluation expenditure are recognised at cost.   

(ii) Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at cost less 
accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.  

Subsequent expenditure 

(iii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the 
specific asset to which it relates.  All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill 
and brands, is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. 

(iv) Amortisation 
Intangible assets are amortised in profit or loss over their estimated useful lives, from the date that they are 
available for use. 

The estimated useful lives are as follows: 

•

Prospecting and exploration rights - Life of mine based on units of production 

Amortisation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

Amortisation is included within administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. 

(f)

Impairment 

Non-derivative financial assets 

(i)
A  financial  asset  not  classified  as  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  is  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired.  A financial asset is impaired if there is objective 
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, 
and had an impact on the estimated future cash flows from that asset that can be estimated reliably. 

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring 
of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor 
or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers, economic 
conditions that correlate with defaults or the disappearance of an active market for a security.  In addition, for 
an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective 
evidence of impairment. 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost 
The  Group  considers  evidence  of  impairment  for  financial  assets  measured  at  amortised  cost  (loans  and 
receivables) at both a specific asset and collective level.  All individually significant assets are assessed for specific 
impairment.  Those found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that 
has been incurred but not yet identified.  Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for 
impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical trends of the probability of default, the timing of 
recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgement as to whether current 
economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by 
historical trends. 

36  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference 
between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s 
original effective interest rate.  Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance against 
loans and receivables.  Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised.  When an event occurring 
after  the  impairment  was  recognised  causes  the  amount  of  impairment  loss  to  decrease,  the  decrease  in 
impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss. 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
Impairment losses on financial assets at FVOCI are recognised by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair 
value reserve to profit or loss. The amount reclassified is the difference between the acquisition cost (net of 
any principal repayment and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any impairment previously recognised 
in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified 
as FVOCI are not reversed through profit or loss. 

(ii) Non-financial assets 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine 
whether there is any indication of impairment.  If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated.  Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment or when there is an indication 
of impairment.  An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or Cash Generating Unit 
(‘CGU’) exceeds its recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount of an asset of CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell.  
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the 
asset or CGU.  For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of 
assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other 
assets or CGUs.  Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are 
aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill 
is monitored for internal reporting purposes.  Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups 
of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss.  Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated 
first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce 
the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying 
amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been 
recognised. 

(g)

Employee benefits 

Share-based payments 
The grant-date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee 
expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally 
entitled to the awards.  The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for 
which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount 
ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-
market  performance  conditions  at  the  vesting  date.  For  share-based  payment  awards  with  non-vesting 
conditions, the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and 
there is no adjustment for differences between expected and actual outcomes.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  37

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

(h) Revenue 
Revenue from the sale of processed products is recognised when ownership of the product passes to the 
purchaser in accordance with the relevant sales contract. Ownership passes either upon delivery or once the 
product is collected where customers arrange delivery 

Finance income and finance costs 

(i)
Finance income comprises interest income on bank funds.  Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit 
or loss, using the effective interest method. 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings. Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the 
period in which they are incurred. 

Taxation 

(j)
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss except 
to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  a  business  combination,  or  items  recognised  directly  in  equity  or  in  other 
comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous 
years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the declaration of dividends. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.  Deferred tax is not 
recognised for: 

•

•

•

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business 
combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent 
that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and 

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they 
reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities 
and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different 
tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and 
liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  unused  tax  losses,  unused  tax  credits  and  deductible  temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can 
be used.  Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability 
of future taxable profits improves.  

Leases  

(k)
The Group leases certain property, plant and equipment. Leases of plant and equipment where the Group has 
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases under IFRS 16.  Finance leases 
are capitalised on the lease’s commencement at the lower of the fair value of the leased assets and the present 
value of the minimum lease payments. Other leases are either small in value or cover a period of less than 12 
months.  

38  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid. Lease 
payments generally include fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable. The lease liability is discounted 
using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental 
borrowing  rate.  The  Group  estimates  the  incremental  borrowing  rate  based  on  the  lease  term,  collateral 
assumptions,  and  the  economic  environment  in  which  the  lease  is  denominated.  The  lease  liability  is 
subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The lease liability is remeasured 
when the expected lease payments change as a result of new assessments of contractual options and residual 
value guarantees.  

The right-of-use asset is recognised at the present value of the liability at the commencement date of the lease 
less any incentives received from the lessor. Added to the right-of-use asset are initial direct costs, payments 
made before the commencement date, and estimated restoration costs. The right-of-use asset is subsequently 
depreciated on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of 
the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment 
losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability. 

Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance charges. The corresponding rental obligations, 
net of finance charges, are included in lease liabilities, split between current and non-current depending on 
when the liabilities are due. The interest element of the finance cost is charged to the Statement of Profit and 
Loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the 
liability for each period. Assets obtained under finance leases are depreciated over their useful lives. The lease 
liabilities are shown in Note 6 

Inventories 

(l)
Inventories for processed material and ore stockpiles are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  
Costs allocated to processed material are based on average costs and include all costs of purchase, conversion 
and other costs in bringing these inventories to their existing location and condition.  Costs allocated to ore 
stockpiles are based on average costs, which include an appropriate share of direct mining costs, direct labour 
and material costs, mine site overhead, depreciation and amortisation.  If carrying value exceeds net realisable 
amount,  a  write  down  is  recognised.  The  write  down  may  be  reversed  in  a  subsequent  period  if  the 
circumstances which caused it no longer exist. 

(m) Segment reporting 
Segment results that are reported to management include items directly attributable to a segment as well as 
those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 

Equity reserves 

(n)
Share premium includes any premiums received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated with 
the issue of shares are deducted from share premium. 

The share option/warrant reserve is used to recognise the fair value of equity-settled share based payment 
transactions. 

The exchange reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries 
into the presentation currency. 

The financial assets at FVOCI reserve is used to record unrealised accumulated changes in fair value on financial 
assets. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  39

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

5. New standards and interpretations  
There are no amendments to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting 
Standards (IAS) that have been implemented by the Group in the period ended 31 December 2021 and have 
changed the Group’s accounting policies. 

Standards, Amendments to published Standards and Interpretations issued but not yet effective 
Other new and amended standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB that will apply for the first time in 
the next annual financial statements are not expected to impact the Group as they are either not relevant to 
the Group’s activities or require accounting which is consistent with the Group’s current accounting policies. 

6. Determination of fair values 
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both 
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.  Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or 
disclosure  purposes  based  on  the  following  methods.    When  applicable  further  information  about  the 
assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

Property, plant and equipment 

(i)
The fair value of property, plant and equipment recognised as a result of a business combination is the estimated 
amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of acquisition between a willing buyer and a willing 
seller in an arm’s length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably.  
The fair value of items of plant and equipment is based on the market approach and cost approaches using quoted 
market prices for similar items when available and depreciated replacement cost when appropriate.  Depreciated 
replacement cost reflects adjustments for physical deterioration as well as functional and economic obsolescence. 

Intangible assets 

(ii)
The fair value of other intangible assets is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived from the 
use and eventual sale of the assets. 

(iii) Trade and other receivables 
The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated at the present value of future cash flows, discounted 
at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.  This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes or 
when such assets are acquired in a business combination. 

(iv) Share-based payments 
The fair value of the employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes formula. Measurement inputs 
include the share price on the measurement date, the exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based 
on an evaluation of the Company’s historic volatility, particularly over the historic period commensurate with 
the expected term), expected term of the instruments (based on historical experience and general option holder 
behaviour), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds). Service and 
non-market performance conditions attached to the transactions are not taken into account in determining 
fair value. 

Investments – other 

(v)
When one is available, the Group measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active 
market for that instrument.  A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place 
with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A discount is applied 
to the value of any Performance shares to reflect the possibility that the milestones for conversion into ordinary 
shares may not be met. 

40  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

7. Operating segments 
The Group considers that it operated during the period in two distinct business areas, being that of manganese 
production and exploration in West Africa and phosphate mining in Utah, USA.  These business areas form the 
basis of the Group’s operating segments.  For each segment, the Group’s Managing Director (the chief operating 
decision maker) reviews internal management reports on at least a quarterly basis. 

Other  operations  relate  to  the  Group’s  administrative  functions  conducted  at  its  head  office  and  by  its 
intermediate holding company together with consolidation adjustments. 

Information regarding the results of each reportable segment is included below.  Performance is measured 
based on segment result before tax, as included in the internal management reports that are reviewed by the 
Group’s Managing Director.  Segment results are used to measure performance as management believes that 
such information is the most relevant in evaluating the performance of certain segments relative to other 
entities that operate within the exploration industry.  

Information about reportable segments 

15 months ended 31 December 2021

Manganese
£’000

Phosphate
£’000

External  revenue
Cost of sales
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss to date of becoming subsidiary
(Loss)/profit before  tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–
–
43
–
(60)
1,535
1,332
360

451
495
–
143
116
(569)
4,229
3,274
2,113

Other 
operations
£’000

–

–
1
–
(1,385)
144
–
155

Manganese
£’000

Phosphate
£’000

Other 
operations
£’000

Year ended 30 September 2020

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–
76
–
(405)
1,011
1
285

Information about geographical segments 

15 months ended 31 December 2021

West Africa
£’000

External  revenue
Cost of sales
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss to date of becoming subsidiary
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–
–
43
–
(44)
1,541
1,332
360

–
–
–
(4)
(4)
1,622
–
–

US
£’000

451
496
–
143
(116)
(569)
4,229
3,274
2,113

–
–
–

(833)
842
–
182

Other
£’000

–
–
–
1
–
(1,385)
138
–
155

Total
£’000 

451 
495 
– 
187 
116 
(2,014) 
5,908 
4,606 
2,628 

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 
76 
(4) 
(1,242) 
3,475 
1 
467 

Total 
£’000 

451 
496 
– 
187 
(116) 
(2,014) 
5,908 
4,606 
2,628 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  41

  
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

7. Operating segments continued

Year ended 30 September 2020

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment
Share of associate loss
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

West Africa
£’000

–
–
76
–
(405)
1,011
1
285

8. Expenses 
Expenses include: 

Depreciation and amortisation expense
Auditor’s remuneration
– Audit fee
Foreign exchange differences

US
£’000

–
–
–
(4)
(4)
1,622
–
–

Other
£’000

–
–
–
–
(833)
842
–
182

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 
76 
(4) 
(1,242) 
3,475 
1 
467 

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

44

33
12

76 

23 
4 

Auditor’s remuneration for the period in respect of the Company amounted to £11,000 (year ended 30 September 
2020: £10,000).  

9. Personnel expenses 

Wages and salaries
Fees
Equity-settled share-based payments (see note 23)

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

672
100
37

809

446 
158 
183 

787 

Fees in respect of the services of D Reeves are payable to a third party, Wilgus Investments (Pty) Limited. 

Fees in respect of the services of R Lamming are payable to a third party, Parallel Resources Limited for part of 
the previous period. 

The average number of employees (including directors) during the period was: 

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 

4
–
3

7

3 
1 
3 

7 

Directors
Key management personnel
Other

42  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
10. Directors’ emoluments 

15 months ended 31 December 2021

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

Year ended 30 September 2020

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

Compensation payment resulting from SARS cancellation 

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

234

234

82

82

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

152

120

272

66

–

66

Total 
£’000 

316 

316 

Total 
£’000 

218 

120 

338 

These amounts are disclosed by director in the Directors’ report on page 15. 

Emoluments disclosed above include the following amounts payable to the highest paid director: 

Emoluments for qualifying services

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

219

272 

Key management personnel 
Included in note 10 are emoluments paid to key management personnel in the period which amounted to 
£70,000 (year ended 30 September 2020: £71,000).   

11. Finance costs 

Recognised in loss for period 

Other

12. Taxation 

Current tax 

Tax recognised in profit or loss 
Current tax  
Current period 

Deferred tax  
Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Total tax 

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

43

43

3 

3 

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

–

–

–

– 

– 

– 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  43

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

12. Taxation continued 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

Loss before tax (continuing operations)

15 months ended 
31 December 
2021
£’000

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 
£’000 

(2,014)

(1,242) 

Tax using the Company’s domestic tax rate of 19.0% (2020: 19.0%)

(383)

(236) 

Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Overseas (profits)/losses
Equity-settled share-based payments
Tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset

2
116
7
258

–

3 
93 
12 
128 

– 

None of the components of other comprehensive income have a tax impact. 

Factors that may affect future tax charges 
At  the  period  end,  the  Group  had  unused  tax  losses  available  for  offset  against  suitable  future  profits  of 
approximately £7,128,000 (year ended 30 September 2020: £5,771,000). A deferred tax asset has not been 
recognised in respect of such losses due to uncertainty of future profit streams. 

13. Property, plant and equipment 

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Office and 
computer
equipment
£’000

Motor 
vehicles
£’000

Total 
£’000 

360
–
(39)
8

329

329
172
185
–
(25)

661

29
76
(39)
1

67

67
34
–
8

109

31
–
(6)
–

25

25

3
–
–

28

30
–
(6)
–

24

24
2
–
–

26

19
–
(19)
–

–

–

–
–
–

–

19
–
(19)
–

–

–
–
–
–

–

410 
– 
(64) 
8 

354 

354 
172 
188 
– 
(25) 

689 

78 
76 
(64) 
1 

91 

91 
36 
– 
8 

135 

Group

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020
Acquisition of Falcon Isle
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 31 December 2021

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Depreciation for the year
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020
Depreciation for the period
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 31 December 2021

44  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Group

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2019

At 30 September 2020

At 31 December 2021

Company

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Transfers

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020
Additions

Balance at 31 December 2021

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Depreciation for the year

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020
Depreciation for the period

Balance at 31 December 2021

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2019

At 30 September 2020

At 31 December 2021

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Office and 
computer
equipment
£’000

Motor 
vehicles
£’000

331

262

552

1

1

2

–

–

–

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Computer 
equipment
£’000

–
–

–

–
–

–

–
–

–

–
–

–

–

–

–

5
–

5

5
3

8

5
–

5

5
1

6

–

–

2

Total 
£’000 

332 

263 

554 

Total 
£’000 

5 
– 

5 

5 
3 

8 

5 
– 

5 

5 
1 

6 

– 

– 

2 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  45

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

14. Intangible assets – Group 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movement in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020

Acquisition of Falcon Isle (note 15)
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 31 December 2021

Amortisation and impairment losses 
Balance at 1 October 2019
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 1 October 2020
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 31 December 2021

Carrying amounts 
Balance at 30 September 2019

Balance at 30 September 2020

Balance at 31 December 2021

Prospecting 
and 
exploration 
rights 
£’000 

1,206 
1 
– 
20 

1,227 

1,227 

3,046 
538 
(158) 
(10) 

4,643 

155 
– 
– 
– 
3 

158 

158 
– 
37 
(158) 
– 

37 

1,051 

1,069 

4,606 

The carrying value of the prospecting and exploration rights is supported by the estimated resource and current 
market values.

46  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

15. Investments in subsidiaries and associates 

Company – subsidiaries

Equity investments 
Balance at beginning of period
Additions – from associates
Disposals

Balance at 31 December/30 September

Directly 
Southern Iron Limited
Falcon Isle Resources LLC

Indirectly  
Société Générale des Mines SA

Registered offices of subsidiary companies are: 

2021
£’000

–
1,959
–

1,959

2020 
£’000 

– 
– 
– 

– 

Activity

Investment
Mining

Country of
incorporation

Ownership interest 

2021

2020 

Guernsey
USA

100%
51%

100% 
40% 

Exploration

Togo

85%

85% 

Southern Iron Limited, 1st Floor, Elizabeth House, Les Ruettes Brayes, St Peter Port, Guernsey Société Générale 
des Mines, Quartier Adidogome Apedokoe 02, BP 20022, Lome, Togo Falcon Isle Resources LLC, 8 The Green, 
Suite B8, Dover, Kent, Delaware 19901, USA 

Group and Company – associates

Accounted for using the equity method  
At 1 October
Additions – including acquisition costs
Share of loss for the period
Transfer to investment in subsidiary

At 31 December/30 September

2021
£’000

1,622
453
(116)
(1,959)

–

2020 
£’000 

– 
1,626 
(4) 
– 

1,622 

The interest in Falcon Isle was acquired for nominal consideration under a binding heads of terms dated 28 July 
2020. Under this agreement the Company agreed to provide US$2.5m in loans to Falcon Isle payable in agreed 
tranches.  Falcon Isle is the 100% owner of the Diamond Creek phosphate mine located in in Utah (USA) which 
is a fully permitted, high grade direct shipping ore organic phosphate operating mine. 

At 30 September 2020 the Company had advanced US$ 1.9m to Falcon Isle, resulting in an equity interest of 
40% and bringing the cost of the investment in the associate to £1,626,000.  

On 31 December 2020 the Company advanced the balance of $0.6m and its equity interest has increased to a 
controlling interest of 51%. 

The initial acquisitions were accounted for under the equity method of accounting but upon achieving control 
on 31 December 2020, the acquisition method of accounting has been applied. 

Since 31 December 2021, on 29 March 2022, the Company agreed to acquire the outstanding 49% equity 
interest in Falcon Isle and loans totalling $1,816,527 made by the vendor to Falcon Isle, for total consideration 
of $3.2 million, payable in four annual tranches commencing on 1July 2022. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  47

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

15. Investments in subsidiaries and associates continued 
From the date of the acquisition on 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2021, Falcon Isle Resources recognized 
revenue of £452,000 and incurred a loss of £569,000. If the acquisition had occurred on 1 October 2020 the 
Group’s revenue and loss for the 15-month period ended 31 December 2021 would have been recognized 
revenue of £548,000 and incurred a loss of £2,261,000 respectively. 

The fair value of assets and liabilities acquired on acquisitions are as follows: 

Intangibles
Fixed assets
Inventory
Receivables
Bank balances and cash
Trade and other payables
Loans

Fair value 
£’000 

3,046 
172 
57 
122 
158 
(17) 
(1,330) 

2,208 

The investment in associate was revalued prior to acquisition to fair value based on the price paid to acquire 
the additional 11% shareholding. Under IFRS 3, on acquisition of the controlling stake, the Group remeasured 
its  original  40%  investment  in  Falcon  Isle.  This  lead  to  a  loss  on  change  of  ownership  of  £363,000  being 
recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

On acquisition the non-controlling interest, valued based upon net assets at acquisition, was valued at £645,000. 
No goodwill has arisen from the acquisition. 

48  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

16. Leases 
The following lease liabilities arose in respect of the recognition of right of use assets with a net book value of 
£219,000. The Group holds one lease that it accounts for under IFRS 16.  

The right of use assets are as follows: 

Balance at 30 September 2020
Additions
Depreciation

Balance at 31 December 2021

The lease liability is as follows: 

Balance at 30 September 2020
Addition
Principal reduction
Finance cost

Balance at 31 December 2021

Less: Current portion
Non-current portion

A maturity analysis of the undiscounted minimum lease payments due are as follows: 

Lease liabilities – minimum lease payments
No later than one year
Later than one year and no later than five years
Later than five years

Total

17. Loans 

Company - current 

Balance at beginning of period
Funds advanced to subsidiaries
Repaid/impaired

Balance at 31 December/30 September

£000 

– 
314 
(99) 

215 

£000 

– 
314 
(105) 
10 

219 

(107) 
112 

£000 

116 
116 
– 

232 

2020 
£’000 

1,379 
159 
(4) 

1,534 

2021
£’000

1,534
547
–

2,081

All loans to subsidiaries are currently unsecured and interest free and repayable on demand. All loans are 
denominated in GBP. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  49

  
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

18. Inventories 

Phosphate, including processed material held for sale

19. Trade and other receivables 

Group 

Trade receivables
Other receivables
Prepayments

Company 

Other receivables
Prepayments

2021
£’000

273

273

2021
£’000

7
87
–

94

2021
£’000

20
–

20

2020 
£’000 

– 

– 

2020 
£’000 

– 
71 
12 

83 

2020 
£’000 

58 
12 

70 

Other receivables are stated at their nominal value less allowances for non-recoverability. 

The Group and Company’s exposure to credit and currency risk is disclosed in note 24 and 25. Trade receivables 
are net of a provision for bad debts of £nil (2020: £nil). 

20.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents 

Company 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents 

2021
£’000

166

166

2021
£’000

122

122

2020 
£’000 

438 

438 

2020 
£’000 

428 

428 

There is no material difference between the fair value of cash and cash equivalents and their book value. 

50  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

21. Capital and reserves 

Share capital 

In issue at beginning of year
Issued for cash
Issued in settlement of debt
Cancelled under capital reduction

In issue at 31 December/30 September – fully paid 

In issue at beginning of period
Resulting from capital reduction
Issued for cash
Issued in settlement of debt

In issue at 31 December/30 September  - fully paid

In issue at beginning of year
Cancelled under capital reduction

In issue at 31 December/30 September – fully paid

Balance at beginning of year
Share issues
Deferred shares cancelled
Capital reduction

Balance at 31 December/30 September

Number of old ordinary shares 
£0.001 each 

31 December
2021

30 September  
2020 

–
–
–
–

–

2,491,358,439 
7,000,000 
– 
(2,498,358,439) 

– 

Number of new ordinary shares 
£0.0001 each 

31 December
2021

30 September  
2020 

4,866,007,851
–
1,369,565,217
60,500,000

– 
2,498,358,439 
1,646,678,326 
720,971,086 

6,296,073,068

4,866,007,851 

Number of deferred shares 
of £0.004 each 

31 December
2021

30 September  
2020 

–
–

–

1,193,794,390 
(1,193,794,390) 

– 

Ordinary and deferred  
share capital 

31 December
2021
£‘000

30 September  
2020 
£‘000 

487
143
–
–

630

7,266 
244 
(4,775) 
(2,248) 

487 

All ordinary shares rank equally with regard to the Company’s residual assets. The holders of ordinary shares 
are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are entitled to one vote per share at general 
meetings of the Company. 

Issues of ordinary shares 
On 18 December 2020, 400,000,000 ordinary shares were issued for cash at £0.0011 per share. 

On 18 December 2020 B Moritz and D Reeves, conditionally agreed to subscribe for 36,363,636 and 63,636,364 
shares each at £0.0011 per share, these were issued on 18 January 2021 following a General Meeting to grant 
increased authority to issue shares. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  51

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

21. Capital and reserves continued 
On 18 January 2021, 869,565,217 ordinary shares were agreed to be issued at £0.00115 per share, of these, B 
Moritz conditionally agreed to subscribe for 17,391,304 shares and R Lamming conditionally agreed to subscribe 
for 26,086,957 shares in lieu of part of his salary. Of these shares, 600,000,000 were issued on 18 January 2021 
and the balance of 269,565,217 were issued on 15 February 2021 following a General Meeting to grant increased 
authority to issue shares. 

On 18 January 2021, the company conditionally agreed to issue 48,000,000 ordinary shares at £0.00115 per 
share in settlement of amounts owing to advisors.  These were issued on 15 February 2021 following a General 
Meeting to grant increased authority to issue shares. 

On 8 November 2021 G Stacey agreed to convert £7,500 of his outstanding fees into 12,500,000 new ordinary 
shares of 0.01p each at a price of 0.06p per share. 

Warrants 
                                                                                                                                   31 December 2021                               30 September 2020 

In issue at beginning of period
Lapsed
Issued in period
Lapsed
Issued in period
Exercised in period

In issue at 31 December/30 September 

Average
exercise
price

0.24p
0.24p
0.22p
0.22p
0.18p
–

0.18p

Number

984,357,334
(984,357,334)
250,000,000
(250,000,000)
434,785,608
–

434,785,608

Average 
exercise 
price

0.36p
–
0.24p
–
–
0.36p

0.24p

Number 

 7,000,000  
– 
984,357,334 
– 
– 
(7,000,000) 

984,357,334 

On 18 December 2020 250,000,000 warrants were agreed to be issued to subscribers for the New Ordinary 
Shares  agreed  to  be  issued  for  cash  on  18  December  2020  on  the  basis  of  1  warrant  for  every  2  shares 
subscribed.  The warrants are exercisable at price of 0.22p at any time up to 31 December 2021. 

On 18 January 2021 434,785,608 warrants were agreed to be issued to subscribers for the New Ordinary Shares 
agreed to be issued for cash on 18 January 2021 on the basis of 1 warrant for every 2 shares subscribed.  The 
warrants are exercisable at price of 0.18p at any time up to 28 February 2022. 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the warrants outstanding is 59 days.  

Other reserves 

Share option/warrant reserve 
The share option/warrant reserve comprises the cumulative entries made to the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive  income  in  respect  of  equity-settled  share-based  payments  as  adjusted  for  share  options 
cancelled. 

Exchange reserve 
The exchange reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial 
statements of foreign operations. 

Fair value reserve 
The fair value reserve comprised the cumulative net change in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets 
until the assets were derecognised or impaired. 

52  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

22. Earnings per share 

Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share 
The calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share at 31 December 2021 is based on the following (loss)/profit 
attributable to ordinary shareholders and a weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue. 

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders (£) 

Continuing operations

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Issued ordinary shares at beginning of year
Effect of shares issued

Weighted average number of ordinary shares

15 months
ended
31 December
2021

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 

(1,948,000)

(1,181,000) 

(1,948,000)

(1,181,000) 

15 months
ended
31 December
2021

Year ended  
30 September  
2020 

4,866,007,851
1,085,483,160

2,491,358,439 
444,668,141 

5,951,491,011

2,936,026,580 

The warrants in issue are considered to be antidilutive and as a result, basic and diluted loss per share are the 
same. 

23. Share-based payments 
The Company established an Enterprise Management Incentive Scheme to incentivise Directors and senior 
executives.  On 17 January 2020, 120,000,000 options were granted at £0.001639 with 10,000,000 vesting 
immediately, 30,000,000 vesting on 9 March 2020, 30,000,000 vesting on 17 January 2021, 30,000,000 vesting 
on 17 January 2022 and 20,000,000 vesting on 17 January 2023. The options lapse if not exercised within 5 
years. Of the total, 90,000,000 options were granted to R Lamming, a Director. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 55%, expected life of between 2 and 5 years and risk free investment rate of between 0.23% 
and  0.39%.  The  charge  for  the  year  ended  30  September  2020  for  these  rights  which  was  included  in 
administrative and exploration expenses amounted to £63,000.   

On  7  April  2021,  10,000,000  options  were  granted  at  £0.001183  with  3,333,333  vesting  on  1  April  2022, 
3,333,333 vesting on 1 April 2023 and 3,333,334 vesting on 1 April 2024.  The options lapse if not exercised 
within 5 years. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 57%, expected life of between 4 and 6 years and risk free investment rate of between 0.6% 
and  0.93%.  The  charge  for  the  period  ended  31  December  2021  for  these  rights  which  was  included  in 
administrative and exploration expenses amounted to £5,000.   

On 27 May 2021, 15,000,000 options were granted at £0.001121 with 5,000,000 vesting on 17 May 2022, 
5,000,000 vesting on 17 May 2023 and 5,000,000 vesting on 17 May 2024.  The options lapse if not exercised 
within 3 years of the vesting dates. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 57%, expected life of between 4 and 6 years and risk free investment rate of between 0.6% 
and  0.93%.  The  charge  for  the  period  ended  31  December  2021  for  these  rights  which  was  included  in 
administrative and exploration expenses amounted to £7,000.  

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  53

  
 
 
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

24. Trade and other payables 

Group - Current 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Amounts due to Falcon Isle Resources’ minority interest
Other payables

Group – Non-Current 

Amounts due to Falcon Isle Resources’ minority interest

Company - Current 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Other payables

2021
£’000

962
93
593
11

1,658

2021
£’000

749

749

2021
£’000

46
91
13

150

2020 
£’000 

104 
228 
– 
135 

467 

2020 
£’000 

– 

– 

2020 
£’000 

21 
97 
64 

182 

There is no material difference between the fair value of trade and other payables and accruals and their book 
value.  The Group’s and Company’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables 
is disclosed in note 25. 

25. Financial instruments 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks that include liquidity risk.  The Group has in place 
a risk management programme that seeks to limit the adverse effect of such risks on its financial performance. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails 
to meet its contractual obligations. 

Exposure to credit risk 
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure.  The maximum exposure to 
credit risk at the reporting date was as follows. 

Group 

Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

54  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2021
£’000

94
166

260

2020 
£’000 

67 
438 

505 

Company 

Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2021
£’000

2,081
20
122

2,223

2020 
£’000 

1,534 
56 
428 

2,018 

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its 
financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset.   

The Group reviews its facilities regularly to ensure it has adequate funds for operations and expansion plans.  

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and 
excluding the impact of netting agreements.  

Group 
2021 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables
Lease liabilities

Group 
2020 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Company 
2021 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

1,658
107

1,765

(1,658)
(107)

(1,765)

(168)
(19)

(187)

(1,490) 
(88) 

(1,578) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

467

467

(467)

(467)

(78)

(78)

(389) 

(389) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

150

150

(150)

(150)

(25)

(25)

(125) 

(125) 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  55

  
 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

25. Financial instruments continued 

Company 
2020 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

182

182

(182)

(182)

(30)

(30)

(152) 

(152) 

Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity 
prices will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments.  The objective of market 
risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within  acceptable  parameters,  while 
optimising the return.   

Currency risk 
The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on purchases that are denominated in currencies other than GBP.  
The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily the CFA Franc and the US dollar.   

Fair values 
The fair values of financial instruments such as trade and other receivables/payables are substantially equivalent 
to carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheet. 

Capital management 
The Group’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard its accumulated capital in order to provide an 
adequate return to shareholders by maintaining a sufficient level of funds, in order to support continued 
operations.  

The Group considers its capital to be total shareholders’ equity which at 31 December 2021 for the Group 
totalled £3,053,000 (30 September 2020: £3,148,000) and for the Company totalled £4,034,000 (30 September 
2020: £3,472,000). 

26. Related parties 
The Group’s related parties include its key management personnel and others as described below. 

No guarantees have been given or received and all outstanding balances are usually settled in cash. 

Of the remuneration payable to D Reeves, £25,000 remains unpaid as at 31 December 2021 (30 September 
2020 £31,000).  

56  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Other related party transactions 

Transactions with Group companies 
The Company had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Southern Iron Limited 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

Falcon Isle Resources LLC 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

2021
£’000

2020 
£’000 

1,622

1,534 

459

– 

Southern Iron Limited had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Société Générale des Mines SA 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

27. Subsequent events 

1,777

1,694 

Issues of New Ordinary Shares 
On 26 April 2022 the Company announced the raising of a total of £1,950,000 (before expenses) by the issue 
of up to 1,625,000,000 new Ordinary Shares at a price of 0.12p per share. 1,000,000,000 new Ordinary Shares 
were placed for cash consideration to raise £1,200,000 and the balance of 625,000,000 new Ordinary Shares 
were issued through a Broker Option following approval at a General Meeting of the company held on 16 May 
2022.  

Each new Ordinary Share subscribed received a warrant to subscribe for 1 new Ordinary Share at any time up 
to 31 May 2024, at an exercise price of 0.18p per share.  

Falcon Isle 
On 29 March 2022, the Company agreed to acquire the outstanding 49% equity interest in Falcon Isle and loans 
totalling $1,816,527 made by the vendor to Falcon Isle, for total consideration of $3.2 million, payable in four 
annual tranches of $800,000 commencing on 1 July 2022. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  57