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Keras Resources Plc

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FY2019 Annual Report · Keras Resources Plc
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258091 Keras Resources Cover.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 1

Registered number: 07353748 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 

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Contents 

Pages 

Company Information ...........................................................................................................................................................2 

Chairman’s Statement ...........................................................................................................................................................3 

Strategic Report .....................................................................................................................................................................5 

The Board ..............................................................................................................................................................................10 

Corporate Governance Statement....................................................................................................................................11 

Directors’ Report..................................................................................................................................................................14 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras Resources PLC..................................................................17 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income ....................................................................................................21 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position................................................................................................................22 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 30 September 2019 .......................................................................23 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity – 30 September 2018 .......................................................................24 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows ...........................................................................................................................25 

Company Statement of Financial Position ......................................................................................................................26 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity......................................................................................................................27 

Company Statement of Cash Flows..................................................................................................................................28 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements .....................................................................................................29-53 

Throughout this document ‘Keras’, ‘Keras Resources’ or ‘the Company’ means Keras Resources PLC and ‘the 
Group’ means the Company and its subsidiaries. 

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Company information 

Directors:

B Moritz (Non-executive chairman) 
R Lamming (Chief executive officer) 
D Reeves (Non-executive director) 

Company secretary:

Cargil Management Services Limited 

Company number:

07353748 

Registered office:

Nominated advisor
and joint broker:

Joint broker:

Solicitor:

Auditor:

Registrars:

27/28 Eastcastle Street 
London W1W 8DH 

SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
35-39 Maddox Street 
London W1S 2PP 

Shard Capital Partners LLP 
23rd Floor 
20 Fenchurch Street 
London EC3M 3BY 

Memery Crystal LLP 
165 Fleet Street 
London EC2A 2DY 

PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

Share Registrars Limited 
The Courtyard, 17 West Street 
Farnham, Surrey, GU9 7DR 

2  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Chairman’s Statement 

It gives me great pleasure to report on the substantial progress made since my last report to transform the 
Company into a cash generative mining company. 

Manganese production/Togo 
The primary focus of Keras during the year has once again been to progress the Nayega manganese project in 
Togo. Keras has held an 85% shareholding in the company owning the exploration licence, Société Générale de 
Mine SARL (“SGM”). As required for the grant of an exploitation licence, SGM has been converted from a SARL 
to a SA. Additionally, the Republic of Togo is entitled to a carried interest of 10% in SGM after the issue of the 
exploitation licence, which will have the effect of diluting Keras’ 85% interest. 

The bulk sampling metallurgical testwork programme at Nayega, announced in July 2018, was completed during 
the year. Approximately 10,000 tonnes of manganese ore (‘Mn’) was mined, beneficiated and shipped to a major 
producer of manganese-based alloys, for large scale metallurgical testwork, to assess the suitability of the ore 
in their Mn smelting facilities. The results of the testwork were very encouraging, as they not only demonstrated 
the  suitability  of  the  concentrate  for  sale  in  international  markets,  but  also  showed  a  higher  manganese 
percentage than had been predicted. The work programme was fully funded by the end-user, including capital 
costs and management fees to Keras, with the result that a surplus over direct costs is shown in the Income 
Statement.  The  plant  remains  on  site  at  Nayega,  so  that  the  Group  is  in  a  position  to  continue  producing 
beneficiated manganese ore at a rate of up to some 75,000 tonnes per annum without requiring further capital 
expenditure. However, the intention is to upgrade the plant to increase production shortly after the exploitation 
licence has been signed. It is intended that this plant upgrade will be funded primarily through offtake finance 
rather than new equity. 

On the exploitation licence itself, a decree was published from a meeting of the Council of Ministers of the 
Republic of Togo held on 18 October 2019, permitting SGM to undertake large scale mining at the Nayega 
manganese project. In preparation for the issue of the licence, as set out above, SGM has been converted to a 
Societe Anonyme, and the formal grant of the licence is expected in time to commence production in the current 
quarter, to 31 March 2020. 

In order to be committed wholly to the mining of manganese at Nayega, we have decided to relinquish our five 
cobalt and nickel exploration licences, and the costs previously incurred have been written off. 

Calidus Resources Limited 
During the year Calidus Resources Limited (“Calidus”) successfully completed and published a positive pre-
feasibility study, which demonstrated that the Klondyke Project is commercially viable. As a result, the final 
tranche of Performance Shares in Calidus was converted to Ordinary Shares. The escrow period expired in June 
2019 so that, at 30 September 2019, Keras owned 723,750,000 Calidus Shares. 

The stated intention of the Directors had always been to demerge those Calidus Shares to Keras shareholders 
when they were out of escrow, and to do so in the most tax efficient way available. This required the Company 
to  apply  for  tax  clearances  in  both  Australia  and  the  United  Kingdom.  The  timescales  for  obtaining  such 
clearances meant that it was not possible to complete the demerger before 30 September 2019, but it has been 
completed subsequently by way of a capital reduction scheme which required approval by the High Court as 
well as shareholder approval. The circular to shareholders was posted on 27 September 2019 and the demerger 
was approved by shareholders on 14 October 2019. Following the second High Court hearing, the Calidus shares 
were transferred to Keras shareholders on the register at 6.00pm on 19 November 2019. Previous statements 
had indicated that some Calidus shares might be realised by Keras to provide working capital, and, in particular, 
the costs associated with the demerger. In the event, tax implications in Australia meant that this option was 
not  pursued,  and  all  of  the  Calidus  shares  were  transferred  to  Keras  shareholders.  All  of  the  costs  of  the 
demerger have been borne by Keras. 

The Calidus Shares are included with current assets in the financial statements at fair value, as further set out 
in Note 18. 

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Chairman’s Statement 

continued

Management changes 
While there have been no changes in the membership of the main board during the year, management at the 
subsidiary level has been strengthened by the appointment of Graham Stacey as Chief Operating Officer. 
Graham will take operational control of the Nayega mine when commercial production commences. 

Financial review 
The Income Statement for the year shows a loss of £471,000 (2018 – loss £584,000). This result includes the 
positive surplus from the bulk sample, but also reflects the build up of costs in anticipation of commercial 
production,  the  legal  and  other  costs  in  connection  with  the  application  for  the  exploitation  licence,  and 
substantial costs in relation to the capital reduction and demerger. There was no revenue from trading in the 
year, but income from the production of manganese in Togo is expected to commence in the current year. 

Cash conservation remains a priority until commercial mining commences. While it has been agreed that the 
fees payable to the non-executive directors will increase to more commercial amounts from 1 April 2019, cash 
payments to me are continuing to be restricted to some 50% of my previously contracted entitlements, and 
Dave Reeves has capitalised the whole of his entitlement. 

Outlook 
Keras is now in a position to operate Nayega as a producing mine as soon as the exploitation licence is finalised, 
and  the  decree  promulgated  by  the  Council  of  Ministers  of  the  Republic  of  Togo  means  that  commercial 
production should be achieved shortly. 

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the rest of the board and our management team for their 
hard work, and shareholders for their continuing support. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

21 February 2020 

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Strategic Report 

Strategy and Business Plan 
The Group’s strategy is to target projects that increase shareholder value by taking projects through the life 
cycle from feasibility to development. 

The Group’s business model has established the Company as an efficient and low cost explorer/developer. 

During the reporting period the Group was focussed on two main areas: 

1.

2.

Demerging its shares in Calidus Resources Limited to shareholders by way of a capital reduction scheme. 
This was finalised after the end of the financial year, in November 2019. 

Progressing the Nayega manganese project in Togo and preparing for commercial production. In this 
context the Group extracted and shipped for testing a 10,000 tonne sample of beneficiated manganese 
ore. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Togo has issued a decree granting the Group the right to 
mine manganese at Nayega and, as and when an exploitation licence is obtained, the Group intends to 
mine commercially at Nayega with the minimum of delay, initially using the facilities built for the bulk 
sample. A definitive feasibility study previously completed for Nayega indicates that the project represents 
significant value potential for the Group. 

In exploring and developing mineral deposits, the Group accepts that not all its exploration will be successful 
but also that the rewards for success can be high. It therefore expects that its shareholders will be invested for 
potential capital growth, taking a long-term view of management’s good track record in mineral discovery and 
development.  The  Directors  have  further  increased  their  holdings  in  the  Company  and  currently  hold 
approximately 26% of the issued shares in Keras. We believe this stake provides further evidence of the Board’s 
belief in and commitment to its strategy. 

To date, the Group has financed its activities through equity raisings. As the Group’s projects become more 
advanced, the Board will seek mining and/or offtake finance, and may also investigate strategic opportunities 
to obtain funding for projects from future customers via production sharing, royalty and other marketing 
arrangements. 

Financial and Performance Review 
There was no turnover in the year under review, but commercial sales are expected to commence in the current 
year. 

The results of the Group are set out in detail in the financial statements. The Group reports a loss for the year 
of £471,000 (2018: loss £584,000). 

The financial statements show that, at 30 September 2019, the Group had total assets of £11.5 million (2018: 
£13.2  million),  and  net  assets  of  £11.2  million  (2018:  £12.4  million).  The  reduction  is  primarily  due  to  the 
reduction in the quoted price of Calidus shares. The basis of valuation is set out in note 18 to the financial 
statements. The capital reduction and demerger of Calidus shares, which became effective after the year end, 
results  in  a  reduction  in  both  gross  and  net  assets  of  £9.9  million,  as  well  as  eliminating  the  deficit  on 
distributable reserves. 

Fixed  assets  total  £1.4  million  (2018:  £1.4  million)  which  now  includes  plant  at  the  Nayega  mine  totalling 
£331,000 (2018: £230,000) as well as exploration, evaluation and development expenditure on the Group’s 
projects in Togo. 

Expenditure such as pre-licence and reconnaissance costs is expensed in profit or loss as incurred. 

The Directors have assessed the carrying value of the Nayega manganese project and no impairment has been 
deemed necessary. 

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Strategic Report 

continued

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 
During the year the Board monitored the following KPIs: 

•

Cash flow and working capital: 

o

o

Short (<3 months) and long term cashflow models are prepared to monitor and forecast the Group’s 
funding needs; 

Management accounts prepared on a monthly basis for the Group’s key subsidiaries and quarterly 
on a consolidated basis; and 

o Weekly reporting of the Group’s working capital position. 

When the Group receives a mining permit for the Nayega Manganese project, activities at this project will 
increase substantially from the current reporting period, to include production forecasts and mine plans. 

Togo – Nayega Manganese Project (85% owned) 
Keras  currently  holds  an  85%  interest  in  the  Nayega  manganese  project,  which  covers  92,390  hectares  in 
northern Togo, held through Societe Generale des Mines SARL. As part of the process to convert the exploration 
licence to an exploitation licence, the Government of Togo will be granted a carried equity interest of 10%, so 
diluting the interest of Keras. The project is 30km from a main road, which has direct access to the regionally 
important deep-water port of Lome 600km away that has >800,000t per annum back loading capabilities. 

Having  defined  a  JORC  (2012)  Code  compliant  Indicated  and  Measured  Resource  of  11.0Mt  @  13.1% 
manganese, the Group has completed the majority of the Phase 1 Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) to develop 
an initial open-pit, 250,000tpa manganese operation. To support commercial mining at Nayega, we have applied 
for an Exploitation Licence. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Togo has decreed that the Group has 
the right to mine manganese at Nayega, but the Group continues to await the award of the licence itself, and 
consequently we have been unable to undertake commercial mining activities during the year. Progress on this 
is described above and in the Chairman’s Statement. Test sampling of the material produced as part of the bulk 
sample process has indicated a manganese content in excess of 40% rather than the 35% envisaged in the DFS 
referred to above. As soon as the Exploitation Permit is granted, therefore, the directors intend to commence 
commercial production at the rate of approximately 75,000tpa without the requirement for further capital 
expenditure, and to increase production capacity using offtake finance. 

The Group had previously discontinued and disposed of all its other African projects. 

Risk Management 
The Board regularly reviews the risks to which the Group is exposed and ensures through its meetings and 
regular reporting that these risks are minimised as far as possible. 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group at this stage in its development are: 

Exploration Risk 
The Group’s business has been primarily mineral exploration and evaluation which are speculative activities and 
whilst the Directors are satisfied that good progress is being made, there is no certainty that the Group will be 
successful in the definition of economic mineral deposits, or that it will proceed to the development of any of 
its projects or otherwise realise their value. 

The Group aims to mitigate this risk when evaluating new business opportunities by targeting areas of potential 
where there is at least some historical drilling or geological data available. 

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Resource Risk 
All mineral projects have risk associated with defined grade and continuity. Mineral reserves and resources are 
calculated by the Group in accordance with accepted industry standards and codes but are always subject to 
uncertainties  in  the  underlying  assumptions  which  include  geological  projection  and  commodity  price 
assumptions. 

The Group reports mineral resources and reserves in accordance with the Australasian Code for Reporting of 
Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (‘the JORC Code’). The JORC Code is a professional 
code of practice that sets minimum standards for public reporting of mineral exploration results, mineral 
resources and ore reserves. Further information on the JORC Code can be found at www.jorc.org. 

Development Risk 
Delays  in  permitting,  financing  and  commissioning  a  project  may  result  in  delays  to  the  Group  meeting 
production targets. Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic viability of mining projects and affect 
decisions on continuing exploration activity. 

Mining and Processing Technical Risk 
Notwithstanding the completion of metallurgical testwork, test mining and pilot studies indicating the technical 
viability of a mining operation, variations in mineralogy, mineral continuity, ground stability, ground water 
conditions and other geological conditions may still render a mining and processing operation economically or 
technically non-viable. 

The Group has a small team of mining professionals experienced in geological evaluation, exploration, financing 
and development of mining projects. To mitigate development risk, the Group supplements this from time to 
time with engagement of external expert consultants and contractors. 

Environmental Risk 
Exploration and development of a project can be adversely affected by environmental legislation and the 
unforeseen results of environmental studies carried out during evaluation of a project. Once a project is in 
production unforeseen events can give rise to environmental liabilities. 

The Group is currently in the exploration stage. Any disturbance to the environment during this phase is minimal 
and is rehabilitated in accordance with the prevailing regulations of the countries in which we operate. 

Financing & Liquidity Risk 
The Group has an ongoing requirement to fund its activities through the equity markets and in future to obtain 
finance for project development. There is no certainty such funds will be available when needed. To date, Keras 
has managed to raise funds primarily through equity and debt placements despite the very difficult markets 
that currently exist for raising funding in the junior mining industry. 

Political Risk 
All countries carry political risk that can lead to interruption of activity. Politically stable countries can have 
enhanced  environmental  and  social  permitting  risks,  risks  of  strikes  and  changes  to  taxation  whereas  less 
developed countries can have in addition, risks associated with changes to the legal framework, civil unrest and 
government expropriation of assets. 

Partner Risk 
Whilst there has been no past evidence of this, the Group can be adversely affected if joint venture partners 
are unable or unwilling to perform their obligations or fund their share of future developments. 

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Strategic Report 

continued

The Group aims to mitigate this risk by 1) holding significant majority shareholdings in our projects that we can 
commit to funding our minority partners until production and positive cash flow and 2) endeavouring to enter 
into joint venture funding arrangements with large and credible counterparties. 

Bribery Risk 
The  Group  has  adopted  an  anti  corruption  policy  and  whistle  blowing  policy  under  the  Bribery  Act  2010. 
Notwithstanding this, the Group may be held liable for offences under that Act committed by its employees or 
subcontractors, whether or not the Group or the Directors had knowledge of the committing of such offences. 

Financial Instruments 
Details of risks associated with the Group’s financial instruments are given in Note 26 to the financial statements. 
Given the nature of the Group’s activities, Keras does not utilise any complex or derivative financial instruments. 

Insurance Coverage 
The Group maintains a suite of insurance coverage that is appropriate for the Group and Company. This is 
arranged via a specialist mining insurance broker and coverage includes public and products liability, travel, 
property and medical coverage and assistance while Group employees and consultants are travelling on Group 
business. This is reviewed at least annually and adapted as the Group’s scale and nature of activities changes. 

Internal Controls and Risk Management 
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system of internal financial control. Although no system of internal 
financial control can provide absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss, the Group’s system is 
designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  problems  are  identified  on  a  timely  basis  and  dealt  with 
appropriately. 

In carrying out their responsibilities, the Directors have put in place a framework of controls to ensure as far as 
possible that ongoing financial performance is monitored in a timely manner, that corrective action is taken and 
that risk is identified as early as practically possible. The Directors review the effectiveness of internal financial 
control at least annually. 

The Board, subject to delegated authority, reviews capital investment, property sales and purchases, additional 
borrowing facilities, guarantees and insurance arrangements. 

The Board takes account of the significance of social, environmental and ethical matters affecting the business 
of the Group. At this stage in the Group’s development the Board has not adopted a specific policy on Corporate 
Social Responsibility as it has a limited pool of stakeholders other than its shareholders. Rather, the Board seeks 
to protect the interests of Keras’ stakeholders through individual policies and through ethical and transparent 
actions. 

The Group has adopted an anti-corruption and bribery policy and a whistle blowing policy. 

Shareholders 
The Directors are always prepared, where practicable, to enter into dialogue with shareholders to promote a 
mutual understanding of objectives. The Annual General Meeting provides the Board with an opportunity to 
informally meet and communicate directly with investors. 

Environment 
The Board recognises that its principal activities, mineral exploration and mining, have potential to impact on 
the local environment. To date, activities at the various projects have been limited to mining and drilling activities 
and the Group does comply with local regulatory requirements with regard to environmental compliance and 

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rehabilitation. The impact on the environment of the Group’s activities has the potential to increase should our 
projects  move  into  a  development  or  production  phase.  This  is  currently  assessed  through  baseline 
environmental studies that are being undertaken and identifying resources needed to manage environmental 
compliance in the future. 

Given the Group’s size and scale it is not considered practical or cost effective to collect and report data on 
carbon emissions. 

Employees 
The Group engages its employees to understand all aspects of the Group’s business and seeks to remunerate 
its employees fairly, being flexible where practicable. The Group gives full and fair consideration to applications 
for employment received regardless of age, gender, colour, ethnicity, disability, nationality, religious beliefs, 
transgender  status  or  sexual  orientation.  The  Group  takes  account  of  employees’  interests  when  making 
decisions and welcomes suggestions from employees aimed at improving the Group’s performance. 

The Group now operates solely in Togo, where it recruits locally as many of its employees and contractors as 
practicable. 

Suppliers and Contractors 
The Group recognises that the goodwill of its contractors, consultants and suppliers is important to its business 
success and seeks to build and maintain this goodwill through fair dealings. The Group has a prompt payment 
policy and seeks to settle all agreed liabilities within the terms agreed with suppliers. There have been occasions 
during the reporting period where this has been extended beyond normal terms as the Group has managed 
cash flow during the year during current difficult market conditions. 

Health and Safety 
The Board recognises that it has a responsibility to provide strategic leadership and direction in the development 
of the Group’s health and safety strategy in order to protect all of its stakeholders. The Group does not have a 
formal health and safety policy at this time. This is re-evaluated as and when the Group’s nature and scale of 
activities change. 

Brexit 
Although the United Kingdom ceased to be a member of EU on 31 January 2020, and the impact of foreign 
exchange fluctuations has been evident, the threats and opportunities of ‘Brexit’ are still largely unknown. 
Despite no immediately foreseeable impact on the Group, the Directors are monitoring developments. 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 21 February 2020. 

Russell Lamming 
Director

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The Board 

BRIAN MORITZ 
Non-executive Chairman 

Brian  is  a  Chartered  Accountant  and  former  Senior  Partner  of  Grant  Thornton,  London.  He  formed  Grant 
Thornton’s Capital Markets Team which floated over 100 companies on AIM under his chairmanship. In 2004 he 
retired  from  Grant  Thornton  to  concentrate  on  bringing  new  companies  to  the  market  as  a  director. 
He concentrates on mining companies, primarily in Africa, and was formerly chairman of African Platinum PLC 
(Afplats) and Metal Bulletin PLC as well as currently being chairman of several junior mining companies. 

RUSSELL LAMMING 
Chief Executive Officer 

Russell  Lamming  is  a  qualified  geologist  with  an  honours  degree  in  geology  from  the  University  of  the 
Witwatersrand and a Bachelor of Commerce in Economics from the University of Natal. Russell has a broad 
range of experience including directorship of a South African mining consultancy and precious metals analyst 
for a leading international broker and was the CEO of AIM listed Chromex Mining and Goldplat Plc. He has strong 
relationships in London and internationally and has raised considerable funds for resource companies over the 
years. 

DAVE REEVES 
Non-Executive Director 

Dave  holds  a  first  class  honours  degree  in  mining  engineering  from  the  University  of  New  South  Wales, 
a graduate diploma in applied finance and investment from the Securities Institute of Australia, and a Western 
Australian  first  class  mine  managers  certificate  of  competency.  He  has  over  25  years’  experience  and  has 
operated in Australia, Africa and Europe in gold, precious metals, mineral sands, bulks and copper. He is CEO of 
Calidus Resources Limited and non-executive Chairman of ASX and AIM listed European Metals Holdings. 

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Corporate Governance Statement 

To the extent applicable, and to the extent able (given the current size and structure of the Company and the 
Board), the Company has adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code. Details of how 
the Company complies with the Code, and the reasons for any non-compliance, are set out in the table below, 
together with the principles contained in the Code. 

Prior to the formal adoption of the Code, the Company has, for a number of years, operated in compliance with 
recommendations of the QCA, in so far as the size of the Company and its Board permitted. For that reason no 
significant changes in governance related matters were needed when the Code was adopted, which was for 
the year ended 30 September 2018. No key governance matters have arisen since the publication of the last 
Annual Report. 

In light of the Company’s size and nature, the Board considers that the current Board is a cost effective and 
practical method of directing and managing the Company. As the Company’s activities develop in size, nature 
and scope, the size of the Board and the implementation of additional corporate governance policies and 
structures will be reviewed. Further disclosures under the Code are included on the Company’s website. 

Principle 1: Establish a strategy and business model which promote long term value for shareholders. 

The Company’s strategy is to identify mineral deposits which can be developed into mines to create value and 
income  for  shareholders.  In  June  2017  this  strategy  was  successfully  demonstrated  when  the  Company’s 
Australian gold exploration assets were floated on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) with the name 
Calidus Resources Limited. Since 30 September 2019 the Company’s shares in Calidus have been demerged and 
transferred to the Company’s shareholders by way of a capital reduction. 

The demerger has permitted the Board to concentrate on the primary remaining project, the Nayega manganese 
project in Togo. Following the production of a 10,000 tonne bulk sample, fully funded by the end user, during 
the year under review. The Company intends to expand production at Nayega, using offtake related finance, 
and is also investigating the use of manganese from Nayega for battery metal purposes. 

The Company continues to seek other natural resource projects, primarily, but not exclusively, in Africa. 

Principle  4:  Embed  effective  risk  management,  considering  both  opportunities  and  threats,  throughout  the 
organisation. 

The risks facing the Company are detailed in the Strategic Report. The Board seeks to mitigate such risks so far 
as it is able to do, but certain important risks cannot be controlled by the Board. 

In particular, the products the Company is seeking to identify and ultimately mine are traded globally at prices 
reflecting supply and demand rather than the cost of production. So far as the Company is concerned, the 
substantial  decline  in  the  price  of  iron  ore  rendered  two  previous  projects  non-viable,  both  of  which  had 
appeared to have substantial value on a discounted cash flow basis, and they were abandoned. 

While the Company will only invest in projects where there is a legal right to convert an initial exploration licence 
to a mining licence, in practice it may be difficult to obtain such conversion for political reasons. There is no legal 
way that the Company can protect itself against this possibility. 

Principle 5: Maintain the Board as well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair. 

The Company will only begin to earn material income during the current year. For cost reasons the Board has 
been reduced to three directors. All of the directors have demonstrated their commitment to the Company by 
supporting fund raisings, with the result that they own, in aggregate, more that 20% of the ordinary issued 
share capital, and each director owns more than 3% of the share capital. It follows that none of the directors is 
considered to be independent. 

Russell Lamming, the CEO, works full time for the Company. The other directors, Brian Moritz (the Chairman) 
and Dave Reeves, are non-executive directors. As Dave Reeves is resident in Australia, physical Board meetings 

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Corporate Governance Statement 

continued

are held when he is in the United Kingdom and on an ad hoc basis. Where required at other times, Board 
meetings are normally conducted with Dave Reeves present by telephone. 

The  CEO  holds  frequent  informal  discussions  with  the  non-executive  directors.  Throughout  the  year  such 
discussions  average  approximately  two  per  week.  Discussions  with  Brian  Moritz  are  normally  held  in  the 
Company’s offices in Cobham, Surrey, while those with Dave Reeves are normally held by telephone. 

Non-executive directors are committed to devote 30 days per annum to the Company, but in fact exceed that 
required time commitment. Notwithstanding that, each of the non-executive directors has reduced his fees 
drawn to half of the contracted amount, to £15,000 per annum for Brian Moritz and £12,000 per annum for 
Dave Reeves. It is intended that fees will be increased to £42,000 per annum for Brian Moritz and £24,000 per 
annum for Dave Reeves, with effect from 1 April 2019, to be paid as soon as cash flow permits. These levels 
reflect the time commitments and efforts of the non-executive directors, and more in line with industry norms. 

Principle 6: Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities. 

CVs of the directors are disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report. 

Each of the directors maintains up to date skills by a combination of technical journals and courses. 

As an exploration and mining Company the main skills required by the Board are in the area of geology and 
mining. Russell Lamming is a qualified geologist and Dave Reeves is a qualified mining engineer, each with a 
long history of achievement in this area. Importantly, each of them has also been in charge of the construction 
and operation of mines. 

As the Company moves into mining rather than exploration the management team has been strengthened by 
the appointment of Graham Stacey as Chief Operating Officer. Graham has wide experience of mining in Africa, 
and has previously been an executive director of an AIM listed mining company. 

Brian Moritz is a Chartered Accountant. In addition to his financial skills he has been registered as a Nominated 
Adviser and has wide experience of corporate transactions. 

The advice of Wilkins Kennedy, a top 20 accounting firm, is sought on technical accounting matters, in particular 
in relation to compliance with IFRS. 

Principle 7: Evaluate Board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement. 

The Board has successfully achieved major objectives by: 

•

•

Capitalising the value of its Australian exploration assets, floating them on the ASX and demerging the 
resulting shares by distributing them to Keras shareholders 

Progressing the Nayega project in Togo from exploration through the production of a 10,000 tonne bulk 
sample to commercial mining. 

The Board continues to seek other projects which can be operated in conjunction with Nayega. 

Given the current state of the Company’s development the directors believe that the Board operates efficiently 
and cost effectively and that the cost of an external review process is not justified. Nevertheless, it is intended 
that the Board will be strengthened in due course to reflect its progress from exploration to mining and when 
new projects are brought in to the Company. 

12  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp01-pp16.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 13

Principle 8: Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours. 

So far as possible the Company recruits locally for staff. The contractor for its mining operations is a local 
company, which is also responsible for transportation of the product from the mine to the port of Lome. 

The Board is conscious of the fact that parts of Africa may be viewed as corrupt areas in which to operate. 
Nevertheless, the Company has adopted a proper anti-corruption and whistle blowing policy which is strictly 
applied. 

The Board utilises an ethical policy which respects local cultural and tribal sensitivities at the Nayega mine in 
Togo. This policy takes account of religious beliefs of the local people. 

Principle  10:  Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders. 

The  Board  communicates  with  its  stakeholders  through  social  media  and  webcasts,  as  well  as  at  general 
meetings and by announcements on RNS. 

The audit committee normally meets twice per annum, on its own to consider and approve the interim results, 
and with the auditors to consider the annual report and matters raised by the auditors based on their audit. So 
far as possible recommendations by the auditors are immediately implemented. As the CEO is also present as 
an observer at such meetings, no further report is submitted to the Board. 

The remuneration committee meets on an ad hoc basis when required. Fees paid to the non-executive directors 
are  settled  by  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  as  both  non-executive  directors  comprise  the  remuneration 
committee. 

Brian Moritz 
Chairman 

21 February 2020

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  13

 
258091 Keras Resources pp01-pp16.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 14

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Group for the year 
ended 30 September 2019. 

The Group’s projects are set out in the Strategic Report. 

Review of business and financial performance 
Further details on the financial position and development of the Group are set out in the Chairman’s Statement, 
the Strategic Report and the annexed financial statements. 

Results 
The Group reports a loss for the year of £471,000 (2018: loss £584,000). 

Major events after the balance sheet date 
Since the end of the year the Company’s interest in Calidus Resources Limited has been demerged by way of a 
capital reduction and transferred to shareholders in the Company. The capital reduction was approved at a general 
meeting held on 14 October 2019 and became effective on 19 November 2019 following approval by the High Court. 

Dividends 
The Directors do not recommend payment of a dividend for the year ended 30 September 2019 (2018: £nil). 

Political donations 
There were no political donations during the year (2018: £nil). 

Going concern 
The  Directors  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in  preparing  the  financial  statements  as  further 
explained in Note 2 to the financial statements. 

Directors’ indemnities 
The Group maintains Directors and Officers liability insurance providing appropriate cover for any legal action 
brought against its Directors and/or officers. 

Audit Committee 
The Audit Committee, which comprises R Lamming and B Moritz, and is chaired by B Moritz, is responsible for 
ensuring the financial performance, position and prospects of the Group are properly monitored and reported 
on and for meeting the auditors and reviewing their reports relating to accounts and internal controls. Meetings 
of the Audit Committee are held at least twice a year, at appropriate times in the reporting and audit cycle. The 
Audit Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on all matters 
for which it has responsibility. The members of the Audit Committee are re-elected annually by the Board. 

Remuneration Committee 
The Remuneration Committee, which comprises D Reeves and B Moritz and which is chaired by D Reeves, 
reviews the performance of the executive directors and sets their remuneration, determines the payment of 
bonuses to executive directors and considers the future allocation of share options and other equity incentives 
pursuant to any share option scheme or equity incentive scheme in operation from time to time to Directors 
and employees. Meetings of the Remuneration Committee are intended to be held at least twice a year, but 
while  the  only  executive  director  is  the  CEO,  R  Lamming,  meetings  are  only  held  when  required.  The 
Remuneration Committee is required to report formally to the Board on its proceedings after each meeting on 
all matters for which it has responsibility. The members of the Remuneration Committee are re-elected annually 
by the Board. 

14  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp01-pp16.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 15

Directors 
The following Directors held office during the period: 

B Moritz 
D Reeves  
R Lamming 

Directors’ interests 
The beneficial interests of the Directors holding office on 30 September 2019 in the issued share capital of the 
Company were as follows: 

B Moritz
D Reeves1,2
R Lamming3

30 September 2019

30 September 2018 

Number of
ordinary
shares of
0.01p each
102,960,512
470,400,491
69,157,461

Percentage
of issued
ordinary
share capital
4.13%
18.88%
2.78%

Number of
ordinary
shares of
0.01p each
76,960,512
381,675,491
68,219,961

Percentage 
of issued 
ordinary 
share capital 
3.36% 
16.67% 
2.98% 

1  370,078,268 ordinary shares are held by the Elwani Trust whose beneficiaries are the spouse and children of David Reeves. David Reeves 

is a trustee of the Elwani Trust. 

2  11,597,223 ordinary shares are held in the Bodmin Super Fund whose trustees and beneficiaries are David and Eleanor Reeves. 

3  14,275,517 ordinary shares were held by Parallel Resources Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr and Mrs Lamming. 

Since the year end: 

•

•

On 3 October 2019, D Reeves purchased 19,157,093 ordinary shares of 0.1p each. 

On 17 January 2020 R Lamming was allotted 73,110,423 ordinary shares in compensation for his loss 
caused by his agreeing not to exercise the rights under his share appreciation rights (“SARs”), calculated 
to be £119,828, as set out in Note 28. 

Directors’ remuneration and service contracts 
Details of remuneration payable to Directors are disclosed in note 12 to these financial statements: 

B Moritz
D Reeves
R Lamming                             

Remuneration
£’000

29
18
149

196

2019
Total
£’000

29
18
149

196

2018 
Total 
£’000 

15 
12 
82 

109 

Of the remuneration payable to Mr Moritz and Mr Lamming, £14,000 and £12,000 remains unpaid respectively. 

The  Company  had  established  a  share  appreciation  rights  scheme  to  incentivise  Directors  and  senior 
management. Further details of this scheme can be found in note 24. Following the demerger of Calidus shares, 
this scheme was discontinued on 17 January 2020, and replaced by a share option scheme. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  15

 
258091 Keras Resources pp01-pp16.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 16

Directors’ Report 

continued

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  strategic  report,  the  directors’  report  and  the  financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the 
Directors have elected to prepare the Group and Parent Company financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union. Under company law the 
Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view 
of the state of affairs of the Group and Parent Company and of the profit or loss of the Group and Parent 
Company for that period. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

•

•

•

•

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

state whether the financial statements comply with IFRS as adopted by the European Union, subject to 
any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Group and Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain 
the Group’s and Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position 
of the Company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the 
Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Company is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding the Company’s website. 

Statement of disclosure to auditor 
Each Director at the date of approval of this report confirms that; 

So far as they are aware, 

•

•

there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and 

they have taken all steps that they ought to have taken to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and to establish that the auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 
A  resolution  to  re-appoint  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP  as  auditor  will  be  proposed  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting. 
PKF Littlejohn LLP has indicated its willingness to continue in office. 

By order of the Board 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

21 February 2020 

16  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 17

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc

Opinion 
We have audited the financial statements of Keras Resources Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 30 September 2019 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Parent 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Cash Flows 
and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial 
reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and as regards the parent company financial 
statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 30 September 2019 and of the group’s and parent company’s loss for the year then ended; 

the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union; 

the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted 
by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 

the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Basis for opinion 
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company 
in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  as  applied  to  listed  entities,  and  we  have  fulfilled  our  other  ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. 

Conclusions relating to going concern 
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to 
report to you where: 

•

•

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements 
is not appropriate; or 

the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may 
cast significant doubt about the group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going 
concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from the date when the financial 
statements are authorised for issue. 

Our application of materiality 
The  scope  of  our  audit  was  influenced  by  our  application  of  materiality.  The  quantitative  and  qualitative 
thresholds for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit 
procedures.  Group  materiality  was  £35,000  based  upon  gross  assets  (excluding  investments).  The  parent 
company has no trading activity and materiality was £28,000 based upon gross assets (excluding investments). 
For each component in the scope of our group audit, we allocated a materiality that is less than our overall 
group materiality. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  17

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 18

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued
An overview of the scope of our audit 
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in 
the  financial  statements.  In  particular,  we  looked  at  areas  involving  significant  accounting  estimates  and 
judgement by the Directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain. We also addressed the 
risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters consideration of whether 
there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. Of the reporting 
components of the Group, we selected 2 components covering entities which represent the principal business 
activities within the Group. Of the 2 components selected, we performed audit procedures on significant areas 
based on size or risk profile, or in response to potential risks of material misstatement to the Group. 

Key audit matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: 
the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement 
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. 

Key Audit Matter

Recoverability of intangible assets

The group has intangible assets of £1.051 million as at 
September  2019,  comprising  prospecting  and 
exploration  rights,  which  is  tested  annually  for 
impairment. 

Where  value  in  use  is  applicable,  the  estimated 
recoverable  amount  is  subjective  due  to  inherent 
uncertainty involved in forecasting and discounting 
future cashflows.

How the scope of our audit responded to the key audit  
matter 

We  confirmed  the  Group  held  good  title  to  the 
underlying  exploration 
licenses,  and  assessed 
whether any indicators of impairment exist. 

Where applicable, we reviewed management’s value 
in  use  calculations  to  include  the  key  assumptions 
therein.  We  performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  the 
headroom to probable changes in key assumptions. 

The  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  in  were 
assessed with reference to the criteria listed within 
IFRS 6, to include whether: 

•

•

•

The licence is not expected to be renewed upon 
expiry; 

Substantive expenditure on further exploration 
and evaluation is not budgeted or planned; and 

Exploration  and  evaluation  work  to  date 
indicates that the carrying amount is unlikely to 
be recovered from further development or sale.

18  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 19

Other information 
The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information. Our 
opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, except 
to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we 
identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine 
whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other 
information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of 
this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

•

•

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal 
requirements. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment 
obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or 
the directors’ report. 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 
requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

•

•

•

•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our 
audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or 

the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 

we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Responsibilities of directors 
As  explained  more  fully  in  the  directors’  responsibilities  statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing 
the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters 
related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  19

 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 20

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Keras 
Resources Plc 

continued
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise 
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be 
expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our 
auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the 
company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

David Thompson (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP
Statutory Auditor

21 February 2020

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

20  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 21

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

Continuing operations 
Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit
Recovery of costs of bulk sample
Administrative and exploration expenses

Loss from operating activities

Finance costs

Net finance costs

Results from operating activities after finance costs

Tax

Loss for the year from continuing operations

Discontinued operations 
(Loss)/profit from discontinued operation, net of tax

Loss for the year

Other comprehensive income – items that may be 
subsequently reclassified to profit or loss 
Exchange translation on foreign operations
Change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss 

Change in fair value of equity investments at fair value 
through other comprehensive income

Total comprehensive loss for the year

Loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive loss attributable to: 
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total comprehensive loss for the year

Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

From continuing operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

From discontinued operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (pence)

Notes

9

13

14

8

23

23

23

2019
£’000

–
–

–
681
(1,147)

(466)

(5)

(5)

(471)

–

(471)

–

(471)

32
–

(1,604)

(2,043)

(514)
43

(471)

(2,091)
48

(2,043)

2018 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 
– 
(411) 

(411) 

– 

– 

(411) 

– 

(411) 

(173) 

(584) 

10 
(8,852) 

– 

(9,426) 

(576) 
(8) 

(584) 

(9,419) 
(7) 

(9,426) 

(0.022)

(0.025) 

(0.022)

(0.018) 

(0.000)

(0.007) 

The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  21

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 22

Consolidated statement of financial position 

as at 30 September 2019

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets 

Non-current assets

Other investments
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained deficit

Equity attributable to owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

Total equity

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

15
16

18
20
21

22

25

2019
£’000

332
1,051

1,383

9,923
35
184

10,142

11,525

7,266
10,938
3,426
(10,310)

11,320
(76)

11,244

281

281

281

2018 
£’000 

232 
1,193 

1,425 

11,527 
16 
217 

11,760 

13,185 

7,064 
10,358 
5,135 
(10,006) 

12,551 
(124) 

12,427 

758 

758 

758 

11,525

13,185 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 21 February 2020. They 
were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director 

The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

22  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 23

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

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The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 24

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2018

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The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

24  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 25

Consolidated statement of cash flows 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities
Loss from discontinued operating activities 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation and amortisation
Equity-settled share-based payments 
Impairment
Foreign exchange differences

Changes in: 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities
Finance costs
Taxes paid

Net cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment
Exploration and licence expenditure

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September

Note

8

2019
£’000

(471)
–

28
78
155
36

(174)

(19)
(18)

(211)
–
–

(211)

(127)
(18)

(145)

323

323

(33)
217

184

2018 
£’000 

(411) 
(173) 

4 
42 
– 
174 

(364) 

15 
514 

165 
– 
– 

165 

(230) 
(20) 

(250) 

242 

242 

157 
60 

217 

The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  25

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 26

Company statement of financial position 

as at 30 September 2019

Assets 
Property, plant and equipment
Investments

Non-current assets

Other investments
Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Current assets

Total assets

Equity 
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Retained deficit

Total equity attributable to owners of the Company

Liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Current liabilities

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

15
17

18
19
20
21

22

25

2019
£’000

–
–

–

9,923
1,379
34
175

11,511

11,511

7,266
10,938
3,459
(10,401)

11,262

249

249

249

2018 
£’000 

230 
– 

230 

11,527 
1,484 
15 
208 

13,234 

13,464 

7,064 
10,358 
5,171 
(9,876) 

12,717 

747 

747 

747 

11,511

13,464 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 from presenting the 
Parent Company profit and loss account. The Parent Company loss for the period was £711,000 (2018: loss of £354,000). 

The financial statements of Keras Resources PLC, company number 07353748, were approved by the Board of Directors 
and authorised for issue on 21 February 2020. They were signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Moritz 
Director

The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

26  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 27

Company statement of changes in equity 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

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The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
258091 Keras Resources pp17-pp28.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 28

Company statement of cash flows 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss from operating activities
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Impairment of loan
Equity-settled share-based payments 
Changes in: 
– trade and other receivables
– trade and other payables

Cash generated by/(used in) operating activities

Finance costs

Net cash generated by (used in) operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities 
Net proceeds from issue of share capital
Loans (to)/repaid by subsidiaries 

Net cash flows from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September

2019
£’000

(711)

–
159
78

(19)
(39)

(532)

–

(532)

–

–

323
176

499

(33)

208

175

2018 
£’000 

(354) 

– 
– 
42 

15 
515 

218 

– 

218 

(230) 

(230) 

242 
(70) 

172 

160 

48 

208 

The notes on pages 29 to 53 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

28  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 29

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

for the year ended 30 September 2019

1. Reporting entity 
Keras Resources PLC is a company domiciled in England and Wales. The address of the Company’s registered 
office is 27/28 Eastcastle Street, London, W1W 8DH. The Group currently operates as an explorer and developer. 

2. Going concern 
The Directors have adopted the going concern basis in preparing the Group and Company financial statements. 
The Group’s and Company’s business activities together with the factors likely to affect its future development, 
performance and position are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Strategic Report. In addition, note 26 to 
the Financial Statements includes the Group’s policies and processes for managing its financial risk management 
objectives. 

As disclosed in the Chairman’s Statement, a decree was published from a meeting of the Council of Ministers 
of the Republic of Togo held on 18 October 2019, permitting the Group to undertake large scale mining at the 
Nayega manganese project. The formal grant and receipt of the exploitation licence is expected in time to 
commence production in the quarter ending 31 March 2020, but the licence has not yet been received. With 
effect from the receipt of the licence, and on the basis of the mining plan and cash flow forecasts, the Directors 
expect mining at Nayega to produce positive cash flow for the Group. Capital expenditure to expand production 
and  working  capital  will  be  primarily  provided  in  the  short  term  by  a  loan  in  association  with  an  offtake 
agreement. In the event of a delay in commencement of mining at Nayega, the Company will institute cost 
cutting and austerity measures. Notwithstanding such measures, further equity funding would be required in 
the absence of cash flow from production. 

On this basis, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group and Company have adequate resources 
to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis of accounting. 

3. Basis of preparation 

Statement of compliance 

(a)
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards (“IFRSs”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and as adopted by the 
European Union, and the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to entities reporting in accordance with IFRS. 

(b) Basis of measurement 
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis unless otherwise stated. 

Functional and presentation currency 

(c)
These consolidated financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling (‘GBP’ or ‘£’), which is the Group’s 
functional currency and is considered by the Directors to be the most appropriate presentation currency to 
assist the users of the financial statements. All financial information presented in GBP has been rounded to the 
nearest thousand, except when otherwise indicated. 

(d) Use of estimates and judgements 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, requires 
management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies 
and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions 
are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets and 
liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  29

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

3. Basis of preparation continued

(d) Use of estimates and judgements (continued) 
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are 
recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the 
period of revision and future periods of the revision if it affects both current and future periods. 

Critical estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the 
consolidated financial statements and/or have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the 
next financial year are as follows: 

•

•

•

Carrying value of intangible assets

– Notes 4(e)(i) and 16 

Intercompany receivables (Company only)

– Note 19 

Fair value of shares acquired following 
disposal of subsidiary and of performance shares 

– Note 4(c)(i), 6(v) and 18 

4. Significant accounting policies 
The  accounting  policies  set  out  below  have  been  applied  consistently  to  all  periods  presented  in  these 
consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by Group entities. 

(a) Basis of consolidation 

Business combinations 

(i)
The Group accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method when control is transferred to the 
Group. The consideration transferred in the acquisition is generally measured at fair value, as are identifiable 
net assets acquired. Any goodwill that arises is tested annually for impairment. Any gain on a bargain purchase 
is recognised in profit or loss immediately. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred, except if related to the 
issue  of  debt  or  equity  securities.  The  consideration  transferred  does  not  include  amounts  related  to  the 
settlement of pre-existing relationships. Such amounts generally are recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsidiaries 

(ii)
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has 
rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through 
its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial 
statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. On disposal of subsidiaries, 
any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for 
as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This might mean that amounts previously 
recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss. 

(iii) Non-controlling interests 
Non-controlling interests are measured at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at 
the date of acquisition. Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are 
accounted for as equity transactions. 

Loss of control 

(iv)
When the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and 
any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognised 
in profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost. 

Transactions eliminated on consolidation 

(v)
Intra-group  balances  and  transactions,  and  any  unrealised  income  and  expenses  arising  from  intra-group 
transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. 

30  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 31

Foreign currency 

(b)
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the respective functional currencies of Group entities at 
exchange  rates  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign 
currencies are translated into the functional currency at the reporting date. 

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value in a foreign 
currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. 
Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the 
exchange rate at the date of the transaction. 

Foreign operations 

(i)
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and the fair value adjustments arising on 
acquisition, are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign 
operations are translated to GBP at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. 

Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation 
reserve except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to non-controlling interests. When a 
foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control 
is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit 
or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes of part of its interest in a subsidiary but 
retains  control,  then  the  relevant  proportion  of  the  cumulative  amount  is  reattributed  to  non-controlling 
interests. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant 
influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss. 

Financial instruments 

(c)
The  Group  has  adopted  IFRS  9  from  1  October  2018.  The  standard  introduced  new  classification  and 
measurement models for financial assets. 

Financial assets 

(i)
The Group’s financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables, cash and cash 
equivalents and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement 
of financial position. 

Trade receivables and intra group balances are initially recognised at fair value. New impairment requirements 
use an expected credit loss model to recognise an allowance. For receivables a simplified approach to measure 
expected credit losses during a lifetime expected loss allowance is available and has been adopted by the Group. 
During this process the probability of non-payment of the receivables is assessed. This probability is then 
multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising from default to determine the lifetime expected credit 
loss for the receivables. For trade receivables, which are reported net, such provisions are recorded in a separate 
provision account with the loss being reported within the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 
On confirmation that the trade and intra group receivable will not be collectable, the gross carrying value of 
the asset is written off against the provision. 

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 
These assets are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair 
value  and  changes  therein,  other  than  impairment  losses  and  interest  income,  are  recognised  in  OCI  and 
accumulated in the fair value reserve. When these assets are derecognised, any related balance within the FVOCI 
reserve is reclassified to retained earnings. 

(ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities 
The Group initially recognises debt securities issued and subordinated liabilities on the date that they are 
originated. All other financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  31

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. 

The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into the other financial liabilities category. Such financial 
liabilities are recognised initially at fair value less any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial 
recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 

Other financial liabilities comprise trade and other payables. 

Share capital 

(iii)
Ordinary shares 
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares 
are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. 

(d) Property, plant and equipment 

Recognition and measurement 

(i)
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  measured  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any 
accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
asset. 

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as 
separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. 

Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between 
the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the item) is recognised in profit or loss. 

Subsequent expenditure 

(ii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated 
with the expenditure will flow to the Group. Ongoing repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred. 

(iii) Depreciation 
Items  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line  basis  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income over the estimated useful lives of each component. 

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date that they are installed and are ready for 
use, or in respect of internally constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. 

The estimated useful lives of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows: 

•

•

•

•

plant and equipment

10 years 

office equipment

computer equipment

motor vehicles

2 years 

2 years 

5 years 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

(e)

Intangible assets 

Prospecting and exploration rights 

(i)
Rights acquired with subsidiaries are recognised at fair value at the date of acquisition. Other rights acquired 
and evaluation expenditure are recognised at cost. 

32  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 33

(ii) Other intangible assets 
Other intangible assets that are acquired by the Group and have finite useful lives are measured at cost less 
accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. 

Subsequent expenditure 

(iii)
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the 
specific asset to which it relates. All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill 
and brands, is recognised in profit or loss as incurred. 

(iv) Amortisation 
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight-line basis in profit or loss over their estimated useful lives, from 
the date that they are available for use. 

The estimated useful lives are as follows: 

•

Prospecting and exploration rights

Life of mine based on units of production 

Amortisation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if 
appropriate. 

Amortisation is included within administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. 

(f)

Impairment 

Non-derivative financial assets 

(i)
A  financial  asset  not  classified  as  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  is  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  to 
determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if there is objective 
evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, 
and had an impact on the estimated future cash flows from that asset that can be estimated reliably. 

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring 
of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor 
or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers, economic 
conditions that correlate with defaults or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for 
an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective 
evidence of impairment. 

Financial assets measured at amortised cost 
The  Group  considers  evidence  of  impairment  for  financial  assets  measured  at  amortised  cost  (loans  and 
receivables) at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant assets are assessed for specific 
impairment. Those found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that 
has been incurred but not yet identified. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for 
impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics. 

In assessing collective impairment, the Group uses historical trends of the probability of default, the timing of 
recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgement as to whether current 
economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by 
historical trends. 

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference 
between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s 
original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance against loans 
and receivables. Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised. When an event occurring after the 
impairment was recognised causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss 
is reversed through profit or loss. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  33

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (2018: Available-for-sale financial assets) 
Impairment losses on financial assets at FVOCI are recognised by reclassifying the losses accumulated in the fair 
value reserve to profit or loss. The amount reclassified is the difference between the acquisition cost (net of 
any principal repayment and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any impairment previously recognised 
in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified 
as FVOCI are not reversed through profit or loss. 

(ii) Non-financial assets 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine 
whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is 
estimated. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment or when there is an indication 
of impairment. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or Cash Generating Unit 
(‘CGU’) exceeds its recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount of an asset of CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. 
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax 
discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the 
asset or CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of 
assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other 
assets or CGUs. Subject to an operating segment ceiling test, CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are 
aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill 
is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups 
of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. 

Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated 
first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce 
the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. 

An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying 
amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been 
recognised. 

(g)

Employee benefits 

Share-based payments 
The grant-date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees is recognised as an employee 
expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the employees become unconditionally 
entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for 
which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount 
ultimately recognised as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-
market  performance  conditions  at  the  vesting  date.  For  share-based  payment  awards  with  non-vesting 
conditions, the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and 
there is no adjustment for differences between expected and actual outcomes. 

(h) Discontinued operations 
A discontinued operation is a component of the Group’s business, the operations and cash flows of which can 
be clearly distinguished from the rest of the Group and which: 

–

–

–

Represents a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations; 

Is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of 
operations; or 

Is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to re-sale. 

34  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 35

Classification as a discontinued operation occurs at the earlier of disposal or when the operation meets the 
criteria to be classified as held-for-sale. 

When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative statements of profit or loss is 
re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative year. 

Revenue 

(i)
The Group has adopted IFRS 15 from 1 October 2018. 

Revenue from the sale of processed products is recognised when ownership of the product passes to the 
purchaser in accordance with the relevant sales contract. Product mined and processed in the Republic of Togo 
is shipped for smelting elsewhere, and ownership is likely to pass when the ship reaches international waters. 

It is normal for the price to be based on the metal content and the moisture content of the product as well as 
the weight. Both are tested prior to shipment to determine the price, but further adjustments may be made 
when the product is tested once more on arrival. This adjustment is included in the sale price recognised in the 
financial statements. 

Finance income and finance costs 

(j)
Finance income comprises interest income on bank funds. Interest income is recognised as it accrues in profit 
or loss, using the effective interest method. 

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings. Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the 
period in which they are incurred. 

Taxation 

(k)
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss except 
to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  a  business  combination,  or  items  recognised  directly  in  equity  or  in  other 
comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates 
enacted or substantially enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous 
years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the declaration of dividends. 

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and 
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not 
recognised for: 

•

•

•

temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business 
combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; 

temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent 
that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and 

taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. 

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they 
reverse, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities 
and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different 
tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and 
liabilities will be realised simultaneously. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  for  unused  tax  losses,  unused  tax  credits  and  deductible  temporary 
differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can 
be used. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no 
longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability 
of future taxable profits improves. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  35

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

4. Significant accounting policies continued

Segment reporting 

(l)
Segment results that are reported to management include items directly attributable to a segment as well as 
those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. 

(m) Equity reserves 
Share premium includes any premiums received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated with 
the issue of shares are deducted from share premium. 

The share option/warrant reserve is used to recognise the fair value of equity-settled share based payment 
transactions. 

The exchange reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries 
into the presentation currency. 

The available for sale assets reserve is used to record unrealised accumulated changes in fair value on available 
for sale financial assets. 

5. New standards and interpretations 
Amendments to the following International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting 
Standards (IAS) have been implemented by the Group in the period ended 30 September 2019 and have changed 
the Group’s accounting policies: 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments 
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers 

Effect of changes in accounting policies: 

IFRS15  provides  a  single  comprehensive  standard  in  accounting  for  revenue  arising  from  contracts  with 
customers. IFRS 15 supersedes all previous revenue guidance. The Group has adopted IFRS15 for the year ended 
30 September 2019 and has made no transitional adjustments to the accounting treatment of revenue, however, 
additional disclosures have been made. 

The Group has applied IFRS 9 from 1 October 2018 and has made no transitional adjustments to the accounting 
treatment of financial instruments, however, additional disclosures have been made. 

IFRS 9 introduced a new classification and measurement model of financial assets reducing the categories of 
assets from previous standards. There are now three categories of financial assets recognised from being 
measured at: 

–

–

–

fair value through profit of loss; 

fair value through other comprehensive income; or 

amortised cost 

The Group’s financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables, and cash and 
cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position. Hence there are no reclassification or 
accounting changes required. 

Under IFRS 9 the major change is on impairments which are recognised on an expected basis rather than incurred 
loss. The Group will always account for expected credit losses and changes in those expected losses are reviewed 
at each year end. The Group measures expected losses on a collective basis, trade receivables are grouped on 
ageing. The expected losses are based on the Group’s historical credit losses and consideration of economic 
factors. The new impairment model has no impact on the Group results. 

36  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 37

Standards, Amendments to published Standards and Interpretations issued but not yet effective 
Certain  standards,  amendments  to  published  standards  and  interpretations  have  been  issued  that  are 
mandatory for accounting periods beginning after 1 October 2019 or later periods, but which the Group has 
not early adopted. 

At the reporting date of these financial statements, the following were in issue but not yet effective: 

IFRS 16 Leases – Effective 1 January 2019 

IFRS 16 replaces existing lease guidance. Leases will have the impact of increasing both creditors and fixed 
assets on the balance sheet by similar amounts that will depend on the operating leases that the Group is party 
to during the year ended 30 September 2020. There will be no material impact to the financial statements on 
adoption of IFRS 16. 

6. Determination of fair values 
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both 
financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or 
disclosure  purposes  based  on  the  following  methods.  When  applicable  further  information  about  the 
assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

Property, plant and equipment 

(i)
The fair value of property, plant and equipment recognised as a result of a business combination is the estimated 
amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of acquisition between a willing buyer and a willing 
seller in an arm’s length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably. 
The fair value of items of plant and equipment is based on the market approach and cost approaches using 
quoted market prices for similar items when available and depreciated replacement cost when appropriate. 
Depreciated replacement cost reflects adjustments for physical deterioration as well as functional and economic 
obsolescence. 

Intangible assets 

(ii)
The fair value of other intangible assets is based on the discounted cash flows expected to be derived from the 
use and eventual sale of the assets. 

(iii) Trade and other receivables 
The fair value of trade and other receivables is estimated at the present value of future cash flows, discounted 
at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. This fair value is determined for disclosure purposes or 
when such assets are acquired in a business combination. 

(iv) Share-based payments 
The fair value of the employee share options is measured using the Black-Scholes formula. Measurement inputs 
include the share price on the measurement date, the exercise price of the instrument, expected volatility (based 
on an evaluation of the Company’s historic volatility, particularly over the historic period commensurate with 
the expected term), expected term of the instruments (based on historical experience and general option holder 
behaviour), expected dividends, and the risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds). Service and non-
market performance conditions attached to the transactions are not taken into account in determining fair 
value. 

Investments – other 

(v)
When one is available, the Group measures the fair value of an instrument using the quoted price in an active 
market for that instrument. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with 
sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A discount is applied to 
the value of any Performance shares to reflect the possibility that the milestones for conversion into ordinary 
shares may not be met. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  37

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

7. Operating segments 
The Group considers that it now operates in one distinct business area, being that of manganese and cobalt 
exploration in West Africa. This business area forms the basis of the Group’s operating segments. For each 
segment, the Group’s Managing Director (the chief operating decision maker) reviews internal management 
reports on at least a quarterly basis. 

Other  operations  relate  to  the  Group’s  administrative  functions  conducted  at  its  head  office  and  by  its 
intermediate holding company together with consolidation adjustments. 

Information regarding the results of each reportable segment is included below. Performance is measured 
based on segment result before tax, as included in the internal management reports that are reviewed by the 
Group’s Managing Director. Segment results are used to measure performance as management believes that 
such information is the most relevant in evaluating the performance of certain segments relative to other 
entities that operate within the exploration industry. 

Information about reportable segments 

2019

Discontinued
Gold
£’000

Discontinued
Iron Ore
£’000

Manganese/
cobalt
£’000

Other 
operations
£’000

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation  
and impairment
(Loss)/profit 
before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–

–

–
–
–
–

–
–

–

–
–
–
–

–
–

183

134
1,050
145
28

–
–

–

(605)
10,475
–
253

2018

Discontinued
Gold
£’000

Discontinued
Iron Ore
£’000

Manganese/
cobalt
£’000

Other 
operations
£’000

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation 
and impairment
Loss before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–

–
(72)
–
–
–

–
–

–
(101)
–
–
–

–
–

4
(52)
870
250
10

–
–

–
(359)
12,315
–
748

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 

183 

(471) 
11,525 
145 
281 

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 

4 
(584) 
13,185 
250 
758 

The  Group  was  awarded  exploration  licenses  during  2017  in  West  Africa  on  ground  containing  previously 
discovered  cobalt  and  nickel  mineralisation.  These 
in  the  year  to 
30 September 2019. 

licences  have  been 

impaired 

38  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 39

Information about geographical segments 

2019

Discontinued
Australia
£’000

Discontinued
South Africa
£’000

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation  
and impairment
(Loss)/profit before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–
–

–
–
–
–
–

2018

Discontinued
Australia
£’000

Discontinued
South Africa
£’000

External revenue
Interest expense
Depreciation, amortisation 
and impairment
Loss before tax
Assets
Exploration and capital expenditure
Liabilities

–
–

–
(72)
–
–
–

–
–

–
(101)
–
–
–

West
Africa
£’000

–
–

183
134
1,050
145
28

West
Africa
£’000

–
–

4
(52)
870
250
10

Other
£’000

–
–

–
(605)
10,475
–
253

Other
£’000

–
–

–
(359)
12,315
–
748

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 

183 
(471) 
11,525 
145 
281 

Total 
£’000 

– 
– 

4 
(584) 
13,185 
250 
758 

8. Discontinued operations 
On 17 February 2017 the Group applied to deregister its South African subsidiary, Moongate 218 (Pty) Limited. 
Its immediate parent undertaking, Ferrex Manganese Limited, was dissolved at the same time. On 25 September 
2018, Southern Mn (Pty) Ltd, having been dormant throughout the year, was sold for ZAR 1. These actions were 
taken by the Group as either the licences had expired or it was considered that the operations were no longer 
viable for the Group. On 31 May 2017 the decision was taken to fully impair the subsidiary Keras Australia Pty 
Limited as its research and development activities have ceased and on 17 September 2018, with the company 
having been dormant throughout the year, the company was sold for AUD1. 

Analysis of the result of discontinued operations is as follows: 

Revenue (external)
Expenses

Results from operating activities
Income tax

Results from operating activities, net of tax
Gain on sale of discontinued operation

(Loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

2019
£’000

–
–

–
–

–
–

–

2018 
£’000 

– 
(173) 

(173) 
– 

(173) 
– 

(173) 

The discontinued operations did not have a tax impact. 

In 2018 the discontinued activities relate to the recycling of the exchange reserve in respect of the subsidiary 
undertakings disposed of during the year. 

Earnings/(loss) per share 
Basic and diluted (loss) per share (pence) (Note 23)

–

(0.007) 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  39

  
 
 
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 40

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

9. Surplus on production of bulk sample 

Amounts received for bulk sample
Direct production costs of bulk sample

10. Expenses 
Expenses include: 

Depreciation and amortisation expense
Impairment of nickel and cobalt licence
Costs associated with the capital reduction satisfied by the Calidus share  
distribution
Auditor’s remuneration 
– Audit fee
– Tax advisory services
Foreign exchange differences

2019
£’000

1,495
(814)

681

2019
£’000

28
155

100

21
20
28

Auditor’s remuneration in respect of the Company amounted to £10,000 (2018: £10,000). 

11. Personnel expenses 

Wages and salaries
Fees
Equity-settled share-based payments (see note 24)

2019
£’000

135
149
78

362

2018 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 

2018 
£’000 

4 
– 

– 

25 
– 
18 

2018 
£’000 

155 
11 
(106) 

60 

Fees in respect of the services of D Reeves are payable to a third party, Wilgus Investments (Pty) Limited. 

Fees in respect of the services of R Lamming are payable to a third party, Parallel Resources Limited for part of 
the period. 

The average number of employees (including directors) during the period was: 

Directors
Key management personnel
Other

2019

2018 

3
–
3

6

3 
– 
3 

6 

40  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 41

12. Directors’ emoluments 

2019

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

2018

Wages and salaries (incl. fees)

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

149

149

47

47

Executive
directors
£’000

Non-executive 
directors
£’000

82

82

27

27

These amounts are disclosed by director in the Directors’ report on page 19. 

Emoluments disclosed above include the following amounts payable to the highest paid director: 

Emoluments for qualifying services

2019
£’000

149

Total 
£’000 

196 

196 

Total 
£’000 

109 

109 

2018 
£’000 

82 

Key management personnel 
Included in note 11 are emoluments paid to key management personnel in the year which amounted to £nil 
(2018: £5,000).  

13. Finance costs 

Recognised in loss for period 

Interest on loans
Other 

2019
£’000

–
5

5

2018 
£’000 

– 
– 

– 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  41

  
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 42

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

14. Taxation 

Current tax 

Tax recognised in profit or loss 
Current tax  
Current period 

Deferred tax  
Origination and reversal of temporary differences

Total tax 

Reconciliation of effective tax rate 

Loss before tax (continuing operations)

Tax using the Company’s domestic tax rate of 19.0% (2018: 19.0%)

Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Overseas (profits)/losses
Equity-settled share-based payments
Tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset

2019
£’000

2018 
£’000 

–

–

–

2019
£’000

(471)

(89)

35
(15)
15
54

–

– 

– 

– 

2018 
£’000 

(411) 

(78) 

– 
10 
10 
58 

– 

None of the components of other comprehensive income have a tax impact. 

Factors that may affect future tax charges 
At  the  year  end,  the  Group  had  unused  tax  losses  available  for  offset  against  suitable  future  profits  of 
approximately £5,097,000 (2018: £4,813,000). A deferred tax asset has not been recognised in respect of such 
losses due to uncertainty of future profit streams.

42  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 43

15. Property, plant and equipment 

Group

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Depreciation for the year
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Depreciation for the year
Depreciation on disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2017

At 30 September 2018

At 30 September 2019

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Office and 
computer
equipment
£’000

Motor 
vehicles
£’000

Total 
£’000 

2
230
–
–

232

232
127
–
1

360

2
–
–
–

2

2
27
–
–

29

–

230

331

40
–
(9)
–

31

31
–
–
–

31

34
4
(9)
–

29

29
1
–
–

30

6

2

1

26
–
–
–

26

26
–
(7)
–

19

26
–
–
–

26

26
–
(7)
–

19

–

–

–

68 
230 
(9) 
– 

289 

289 
127 
(7) 
1 

410 

62 
4 
(9) 
– 

57 

57 
28 
(7) 
– 

78 

6 

232 

332 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  43

  
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 44

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

15. Property, plant and equipment continued

Company

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Additions

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Transfers

Balance at 30 September 2019

Depreciation and impairment provisions 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Depreciation for the year

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Depreciation for the year

Balance at 30 September 2019

Carrying amounts 
At 30 September 2017

At 30 September 2018

At 30 September 2019

Plant and
equipment
£’000

Computer 
equipment
£’000

–
230

230

230
(230)

–

–
–

–

–
–

–

–

230

–

5
–

5

5
–

5

5
–

5

5
–

5

–

–

–

Total 
£’000 

5 
230 

235 

235 
(230) 

5 

5 
– 

5 

5 
– 

5 

– 

230 

– 

44  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 45

16. Intangible assets 

Cost 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movement in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Amortisation and impairment losses 
Balance at 1 October 2017
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 1 October 2018
Impairment
Amortisation
Disposals
Effect of movements in exchange rates

Balance at 30 September 2019

Carrying amounts 
Balance at 30 September 2017

Balance at 30 September 2018

Balance at 30 September 2019

Prospecting 
and 
exploration 
rights 
£000 

1,551 
20 
(387) 
9 

1,193 

1,193 
18 
– 
(5) 

1,206 

387 
– 
– 
(387) 
– 

– 

– 
155 
– 
– 
– 

155 

1,164 

1,193 

1,051 

The carrying value of the prospecting and exploration rights is supported by the estimated resource and current 
market values.

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  45

  
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 46

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

17. Investment in subsidiaries 

Company

Equity investments 
Balance at beginning of period
Additions
Disposals

Balance at 30 September

Directly 
Keras West Africa Limited 
Southern Iron Limited

Indirectly 
Société Générale des Mines
Kamnico SARL

2019
£’000

2018 
£’000 

–
–
–

–

– 
– 
– 

– 

Activity

Country of
incorporation

Ownership interest 

2019

2018 

Investment
Investment

United Kingdom
Guernsey

Exploration
Exploration

Togo
Togo

100%
100%

85%
100%

100% 
100% 

85% 
100% 

Registered offices of subsidiary companies are: 

Keras West Africa Limited, 27/28 Eastcastle Street, London W1W 8DH 
Southern Iron Limited, 1st Floor, Elizabeth House, Les Ruettes Brayes, St Peter Port, Guernsey 
Société Générale des Mines, Quartier Adidogome Apedokoe 02, BP 20022, Lome, Togo 
Kamnico SARL, Quartier Agoenyive-Atchanve, BP 2936, Lome, Togo. 

18. Other investments 

Group and company 

Equity securities – financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
At 1 October 
Value adjustment recognised in equity

At 30 September

2019
£’000

11,527

(1,604)

9,923

2018 
£’000 

20,379 

(8,852) 

11,527 

Equity securities represent ordinary and performance shares in Calidus Resources Limited (“Calidus”), a company 
listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (“ASX”). These shares have been re-measured to fair value through 
other  comprehensive  income.  Fair  value  is  the  mid-market  price  of  Calidus  ordinary  shares  on  the  ASX, 
discounted in the case of performance shares to reflect the possibility that the milestones for conversion to 
ordinary shares will not be achieved. Under ASX rules, these shares were held in escrow until June 2019. Financial 
assets at FVOCI are denominated in Australian dollars. These shares were reclassified to current assets in the 
previous year. 

As disclosed in Note 28, the equity securities were demerged subsequent to the year-end by way of a capital 
reduction scheme. 

In the prior financial year, the Group and Company had designated equity investments as available for sale. 
These were reclassified to financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income on adoption of 
IFRS 9.

46  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 47

19. Loans 

Company 

Balance at beginning of period
Funds advanced to subsidiaries
Repaid/impaired
Provisions against loans

Balance at 30 September

All loans are currently unsecured and interest free and repayable on demand. 

20. Trade and other receivables 

Group 

Other receivables
Prepayments

Company 

Other receivables
Prepayments

2019
£’000

1,484
230
(335)
–

1,379

2019
£’000

25
10

35

2019
£’000

24
10

34

Other receivables are stated at their nominal value less allowances for non-recoverability. 

The Group and Company’s exposure to credit and currency risk is disclosed in note 26. 

21. Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents 

Company 

Bank balances

Cash and cash equivalents 

2019
£’000

184

184

2019
£’000

175

175

There is no material difference between the fair value of cash and cash equivalents and their book value.

2018 
£’000 

1,414 
74 
(4) 
– 

1,484 

2018 
£’000 

16 
– 

16 

2018 
£’000 

15 
– 

15 

2018 
£’000 

217 

217 

2018 
£’000 

208 

208 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  47

  
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 48

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

22. Capital and reserves 

Share capital 

In issue at beginning of year
Issued for cash
Issued in settlement of debt

In issue at 30 September – fully paid 

In issue at beginning of year

In issue at 30 September – fully paid

Balance at beginning of year
Share issues

Balance at 30 September

Number of ordinary shares 
of £0.001 each 
2019

2018 

2,289,133,439
87,500,000
114,725,000

2,195,133,438 
66,666,667 
27,333,334 

2,491,358,439

2,289,133,439 

Number of deferred shares 
of £0.004 each 
2019

2018 

1,193,794,390

1,193,794,390 

1,193,794,390

1,193,794,390 

Ordinary and deferred 
share capital 
2019
£’000

2018 
£’000 

7,064
202

7,266

6,970 
94 

7,064 

All ordinary shares rank equally with regard to the Company’s residual assets. 

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends as declared from time to time, and are entitled 
to one vote per share at meetings of the Company. 

The deferred shares do not entitle the holders thereof to receive notice of or attend and vote at any general 
meeting of the Company or to receive dividends or other distributions. As regards any return on capital on a 
winding up or other return of capital (otherwise than on conversion or redemption or purchase by the Company 
of any of its shares) the holders of the deferred shares shall be entitled to receive the amount paid up on their 
shares after holders of the ordinary shares the amount of £1,000 in respect of each ordinary share held by them 
respectively. The deferred shares were cancelled after the year end. 

Issue of ordinary shares 
On 27 August 2019, 87,500,000 ordinary shares were issued for cash at £0.004 per share. Additionally on that 
date D Reeves and B Moritz agreed to convert loans due to them of £458,900 into new ordinary shares at the 
same price, thus 114,725,000 were issued at £0.004 per share. 

Warrants 
                                                                                                                                                2019                                                           2018 

Average
exercise
price

0.48p
0.5p
0.46p
–
–

0.36p

Number

142,257,023
(75,714,280)
(59,542,743)
–
–

7,000,000

Average 
exercise 
price

0.49p
0.5p
–
0.36p
–

0.48p

Number 

 208,859,590 
(73,602,567) 
– 
7,000,000 
– 

142,257,023 

In issue at beginning of year
Lapsed in year
Lapsed in year
Issued in year
Exercised in year

In issue at 30 September 

48  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 49

On 24 May 2018 7,000,000 warrants were issued. These warrants are exercisable at price of 0.36p within a 5-year 
exercise period, and were exercised on 12 November 2019. 

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the warrants outstanding is 3 years 235 days. 

Other reserves 

Share option/warrant reserve 
The share option/warrant reserve comprises the cumulative entries made to the consolidated statement of 
comprehensive income in respect of the equity-settled share-based payments and cumulative entries made to 
the liability for loan notes with an 8% redemption in respect of warrants issued with the notes as adjusted for 
share options cancelled and warrants exercised. 

Exchange reserve 
The exchange reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial 
statements of foreign operations. 

Fair value reserve 
The fair value reserve comprises the cumulative net change in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets 
until the assets are derecognised or impaired. 

23. Earnings per share 

Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share 
The calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share at 30 September 2019 is based on the following (loss)/profit 
attributable to ordinary shareholders and a weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue. 

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders (£) 

Continuing operations
Discontinued operations

Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Issued ordinary shares at beginning of year
Effect of shares issued

Weighted average number of ordinary shares

2019

(514,000)
–

(514,000)

2018 

(403,000) 
(173,000) 

(576,000) 

2019

2018 

2,289,133,439
18,837,397

2,195,133,438 
67,408,220 

2,307,970,836

2,262,541,658 

The warrants in issue are considered to be antidilutive and as a result, basic and diluted loss per share are the 
same. 

24. Share-based payments 
On 28 April 2016, the Company established a Share Appreciation Right Scheme to incentivise Directors and 
senior executives. 

On 12 March 2018, 90,000,000 Shares were granted at 0.36p per share with 30,000,000 vesting immediately, 
30,000,000 vesting on 12 March 2019 and 30,000,000 vesting on 12 March 2020. 

The Black Scholes pricing model was used to calculate the share based payment charge incorporating an annual 
volatility rate of 60%, expected life of 2.5 years and risk free investment rate of 0.72%. The charge for the year 
ended 30 September 2019 for these further rights which is included in administrative and exploration expenses 
amounted to £78,000 (2018 : £42,000). The scheme was cancelled on 17 January 2020 and further details can 
be found in note 28. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  49

  
 
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

25. Trade and other payables 

Group 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Other payables

Company 

Trade payables
Accrued expenses
Other payables

2019
£’000

108
155
18

281

2019
£’000

94
155
–

249

2018 
£’000 

66 
40 
652 

758 

2018 
£’000 

65 
40 
642 

747 

There is no material difference between the fair value of trade and other payables and accruals and their book 
value. The Group’s and Company’s exposure to currency and liquidity risk related to trade and other payables is 
disclosed in note 26. 

26. Financial instruments 

Financial risk management 
The Group’s operations expose it to a variety of financial risks that include liquidity risk. The Group has in place 
a risk management programme that seeks to limit the adverse effect of such risks on its financial performance. 

Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails 
to meet its contractual obligations. 

Exposure to credit risk 
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to 
credit risk at the reporting date was as follows. 

Group 

Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Company 

Loans
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

50  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2019
£’000

35
184

219

2018 
£’000 

16 
217 

233 

Financial assets at  
amortised cost 
Carrying amount 

2019
£’000

1,379
34
175

1,588

2018 
£’000 

1,484 
15 
208 

1,707 

258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 51

Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its 
financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. 

The Group reviews its facilities regularly to ensure it has adequate funds for operations and expansion plans. 

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and 
excluding the impact of netting agreements. 

Group 
2019 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Group 
2018 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Company 
2019 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Company 
2018 

Non-derivative financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

281

281

(281)

(281)

(47)

(47)

(234) 

(234) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

758

758

(758)

(758)

(126)

(126)

(632) 

(632) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

249

249

(249)

(249)

(42)

(42)

(207) 

(207) 

Carrying
amount
£’000

Contractual
cash flows
£’000

2 months 
or less
£’000

2-12 months 
£’000 

747

747

(747)

(747)

(124)

(124)

(623) 

(623) 

Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity 
prices will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market 
risk  management  is  to  manage  and  control  market  risk  exposures  within  acceptable  parameters,  while 
optimising the return. 

The Group’s holding in Calidus Resources Limited, which is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange is affected 
by both foreign exchange risk and equity price risk. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  51

  
 
258091 Keras Resources pp29-imprint.qxp  24/02/2020  11:11  Page 52

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

continued

26. Financial instruments continued

Currency risk 
The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on purchases that are denominated in currencies other than GBP. 
The currency giving rise to this risk is primarily the CFA Franc. The Group is also exposed to foreign currency risk 
on its equity securities held in Australian Dollars. 

Fair values 
The fair values of financial instruments such as trade and other receivables/payables are substantially equivalent 
to carrying amounts reflected in the balance sheet. 

Capital management 
The Group’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard its accumulated capital in order to provide an 
adequate return to shareholders by maintaining a sufficient level of funds, in order to support continued 
operations. 

The Group considers its capital to be total shareholders’ equity which at 30 September 2019 for the Group 
totalled £11,320,000 (2018: £12,551,000) and for the Company totalled £11,262,000 (2018: £12,717,000). 

27. Related parties 
The Group’s related parties include its key management personnel and others as described below. 

No guarantees have been given or received and all outstanding balances are usually settled in cash. 

In  November  and  December  2018  D  Reeves  advanced  £200,000  and  B  Moritz  advanced  £100,000  to  the 
Company by way of loans. These loans were unsecured and interest free and had no fixed repayment date, but 
carried a premium of 4% when repaid. In April 2019 D Reeves advanced a further £100,000 on the same terms. 

In August 2019 the loans and premium, totalling £416,000, were capitalised by the issue of ordinary shares at 
0.4p per share, as detailed in note 22. At the same time ordinary shares were issued at 0.4p per share to D Reeves 
in satisfaction of an amount of £25,900 loaned to the company in the previous year, and £21,000 in respect of 
unpaid director’s fees. 

On 17 January 2020, the Company cancelled its existing share appreciation rights scheme and R Lamming was 
compensated for this. Full details can be found in note 28. 

Of the remuneration payable to Mr Moritz, £14,000 remains unpaid as at 30 September 2019. Of the fees 
payable to Mr Lamming, £12,000 remains unpaid as at 30 September 2019 and due to Parallel Resources Limited, 
a company owned and controlled by Mr Lamming. 

Other related party transactions 

Transactions with Group companies 
The Company had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Southern Iron Limited 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)
Keras West Africa 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

2019
£’000

1,379

–

2018 
£’000 

1,331 

153 

Southern Iron Limited had the following related party balances from financing activities: 

Société Générale de Mine SARL 
– Loans and receivables (interest free)

1,574

1,582 

52  KERAS RESOURCES PLC

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28. Subsequent events 

Demerger and capital reduction 
On  19  November  2019  the  High  Court  confirmed  a  capital  reconstruction  and  demerger  approved  by 
shareholders on 14 October 2019 by which: 

•

•

•

The Company’s share premium account was cancelled and extinguished 

Part of the Company’s share capital was cancelled and repaid to shareholders on the register at 6.00pm 
on 19 November 2019, comprising 

(i)

(ii)

all issued Deferred Shares in the capital of the Company; and 

0.09p of the capital paid up on each issued Ordinary Share in the capital of the Company by the 
reduction in the nominal value of each such Ordinary Share from 0.1p to 0.01p. 

the Company satisfied its liability to repay such capital by transferring its holding of Calidus Shares to 
shareholders on the Company’s register of members at 6.00pm on 19 November 2019. 

Share appreciation rights 
On 17 January 2020, the Company cancelled its existing share appreciation rights (“SAR”) scheme, following 
the demerger of its holding of Calidus Shares, which resulted in a fundamental change to the business and the 
underlying value of its assets. Russell Lamming, a director of the company, held all of the 60,000,000 SARs which 
had vested prior to the demerger, and which he was requested by the Board not to exercise during the period 
prior to the approval of the demerger by the High Court. To compensate Mr Lamming for his loss caused by his 
agreeing not to exercise, calculated to be £119,828, he was allotted 73,110,423 Ordinary Shares credited as 
fully paid at the 30-day Volume Weighted Average Price at the close of business on 16 January 2020 of 0.1639 
pence per share. 

Share issue 
On 28 January 2020 the Company issued 213,333,320 new ordinary shares of 0.01p at 0.15p per share. Of these 
shares, 206,666,660 were issued for cash to raise £310,000, and 6,666,660 were issued in settlement of advisory 
fees of £10,000. 

KERAS RESOURCES PLC  53

  
 
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