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London & Associated Properties PLC

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FY2024 Annual Report · London & Associated Properties PLC
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LONDON & 
ASSOCIATED  
PROPERTIES 
ANNUAL REPORT 2024

Contents
Annual General Meeting  
16 June 2025
Announcement of half year results to 30 June  2025 
Late August 2025
Announcement of annual results for 2025 
Late April 2026
OVERVIEW
1	
LAP at a glance
2	
Chairman and Chief Executive’s review 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT
4	
Financial and performance review
9	
Principal activities, strategy & business model
9	
Risks and uncertainties
10	 Bisichi risks and uncertainties
11	 Key performance indicators
12	 Corporate responsibility
GOVERNANCE
20	 Directors & advisors
21	 Directors’ report
24	 Corporate Governance
26	 Governance statement by the  
Chairman of the remuneration committee
27	 Annual remuneration report
32	 Remuneration policy summary
34	 Audit committee report
35	 Directors’ responsibilities statement
37	 Independent auditor’s report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
44	 Consolidated income statement
44	 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
45	 Consolidated balance sheet
46	 Consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity 
47	 Consolidated cash flow statement
48	 Group accounting policies
55	 Notes to the financial statements
84	 Five year financial summary
Financial calendar

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 1
London & Associated Properties PLC (“LAP” or the "Group") is a main 
market listed group which invests in and manages UK industrial and 
retail property. LAP owns £48.0 million of property and seeks to 
create environments where tenants can thrive.
The Group also holds a substantial investment in Bisichi PLC, which 
operates coal mines in South Africa and owns UK property and other 
investments. In accordance with IFRS 10 the results of Bisichi have 
been consolidated in the Group accounts.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Fully diluted net  
assets per equity share
IFRS net assets
Properties portfolio  
valuation*
32.91p
£50.6m
£48.0m
2023: 33.38p
2023: £48.3m
2023: £46.1m
*Includes investment properties, head leases,  
assets held for sale and property inventory. 
Excludes properties under management.
OVERVIEW
LAP at a glance
KEY PROJECTS
KEY PROJECTS
HIGHLIGHT
Property
• Runcorn Manor Park Industrial Estate
• Adlington Court Industrial Estate
• Essential community retail
• West Ealing development
• Runcorn industrial portfolio strong rental and value growth
• Warrington industrial portfolio strong rental and value growth
• Essential community retail portfolio steady rental and value growth
• Residential development – construction planned to start late 2025
Coal 
production
• In South Africa, Black Wattle 
produced 1.5m metric tonnes of Run 
of Mine Coal in 2024 (2023: 0.8m 
metric tonnes)
• The API4 price averaged $106 in 2024 compared to $120 in 2023 
• 209,000 metric tonnes of coal were exported compared to 134,000 metric 
tonnes in 2023, assisted by continuing efforts to improve rail infrastructure 
in South Africa
• Total domestic and export sales of coal were 1.2 million metric tonnes 
(2023: 1.0 million metric tonnes)
• These factors had a material positive impact on the results for the year
• Climate related risks are being addressed for coal processing operations
Equity 
investments
• Investments valued at £15.0 million 
(2023: £15.0 million)
• Dividend income of £0.34 million (2023: £0.56 million) 
• Value increase of £0.07 million (2023: £0.76 million)
• Portfolio comprised listed equities and listed equity related funds involved 
or invested in extractive and energy related business activities, including 
entities involved in the extraction of commodities needed for the clean 
energy transition

2  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
I am pleased to present our accounts for the 
12 months to 31 December 2024
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
Total net assets of the Group at the year end were £50.6 million 
(2023: £48.3 million). Total net assets attributable to shareholders 
were £28.1 million (2023: £28.5 million). The Group profit before 
tax was £4.4 million (2023: loss £3.5 million), with losses attributable 
to shareholders of £0.4 million (2023: £3.9 million). The performance 
of the Group this year has been supported by improvements in property 
values and Bisichi's profits (as detailed in the Bisichi section below).
Our consolidated property portfolio was valued at £48.0 million at 
31 December 2024 compared to £46.1 million on a like-for-like 
basis a year earlier. This reflects a pleasing valuation increase 
(including head leases) of £1.8 million.
Rental income for the Group (excluding sold properties and bad 
debt charges) increased by £0.1 million (3.0%) to £3.5 million (2023: 
£3.4 million). This result reflects the resilience of our assets; even in 
the current high interest rate environment we have achieved 
increased rents on many new lettings.
Rental income resilience can also be seen in our occupancy levels, 
which were 96.4% at year end (2023: 97.3%). Rent collection levels 
have similarly remained strong, with an improved 94% of Q1 2025 
rents received to date compared to 92% at the corresponding time 
last year.
We continue to monitor our cost base following the outsourcing 
of our property management functions and our relocation to smaller 
offices. LAP’s overheads were £0.3 million (11.3%) lower than in 
2023.
LAP PROPERTY ACTIVITIES
Industrial
Industrial constitutes 29% (2023: 27%) of our investment property 
portfolio by value. 
At Manor Park, Runcorn, our 100,000 sq ft industrial estate had 
been fully let, however we currently have one lease expiry where 
the tenant will hand back the unit.  We are negotiating with a 
number of parties to take a new lease there. Demand remains 
excellent and we are confident that we will have grown both the 
rent on this unit and the estimated rental levels of the estate once 
a new tenant has been identified.  
At Adlington Court, Warrington, our 25,000 sq ft industrial estate, our 
largest tenant by rental value who occupied two units went into 
administration during the year.  We took the decision to split the units 
and have subsequently re-let one of them at a rent of £9.25 psf. 
This compares very favourably with the previous passing rent of 
£6.25 psf. The second unit required a higher level of refurbishment 
and is now being marketed with strong interest being shown.
Essential Community Retail
Essential community retail constitutes 71% (2023: 73%) of our 
investment property portfolio by value.
This part of our portfolio continues to perform well and remains 
close to fully let. Income from these properties on a like for like 
basis has risen by 6.1%. We continue to monitor each property’s 
performance closely and spend significant energy seeking to minimise 
residual costs and cash leakage. We did not dispose of any of these 
assets during the year.
West Ealing
As previously reported, in 2024 we fully implemented the planning 
consent for 56 flats and four retail units held by our joint venture, 
Broadway Regen Limited. 
In common with the rest of the residential development market this 
project has experienced a difficult 2024.  There have been 
headwinds throughout, of which the most severe has been inflation 
in construction costs.  Contractors have responded with tender 
prices in the range of £18-19 million.  We and our advisors are 
currently reviewing these tenders and looking to find savings where 
possible. Pricing has also been affected by the perceived risk now 
brought about by new regulation, particularly for tall buildings, 
which is being factored into the tender process by construction 
companies. 
We are exploring a pre-sale of all the flats to minimise risk and 
interest costs, and we are working with our lenders to agree the 
best financial outcome for all parties. All of these elements are still 
underway, and we remain hopeful that we will achieve a satisfactory 
outcome, but there remain significant risks that may impact our 
overall financial return from this project including further write-
downs of our equity position. 
During the year, we terminated our relationship with the sponsor 
and project manager of this development. 
Purley
A planning application submitted in 2022 for 44 flats and 4 town 
houses was rejected in January 2024 despite being recommended 
for approval by the planning officer. Our appeal, although we won 
on design and construction matters, was ultimately unsuccessful 
and due to the cost and time involved in submitting a new planning 
application, we have decided not to proceed with the project. The 
business has since been closed. Impairment provisions for investments 
of £0.5 million were made in 2023, accordingly the cessation of this 
development has had limited financial effect in 2024.
DEBT MANAGEMENT
Our £13.6 million 5-year term loan with QIB (UK) PLC, expiring in 
2027, is fully compliant and secured against a portfolio of retail and 
industrial properties. The interest rate on the loan with QIB is at the 
Bank of England base rate + 3.95% and there is no amortisation. 
The lender has agreed to reduce the margin to 2.95% from May 
2025, although this has not been formally documented.
STRATEGIC REPORT
Chairman and Chief Executive’s 
review 2024

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 3
STRATEGIC REPORT Chairman and Chief Executive’s review 2024
DRAGON RETAIL PROPERTIES
Since 2001, Dragon has owned a property in Clifton, Bristol let 
partly to Boots the Chemist and partly to one of Bristol’s best-
known nightclubs. Dragon’s loan of £0.7 million from Santander was 
renewed to July 2027, during the year.
BISICHI PLC
For 2024, Bisichi plc, our 41.6% owned subsidiary, made a profit 
before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of 
£10.8 million (2023: £3.4 million) and an operating profit before 
depreciation, fair value adjustments and exchange movements 
(Adjusted EBITDA) of £10.4 million (2023: £2.6 million). 
During 2024, Bisichi benefited from a significant improvement in 
mining production and lower mining costs at their South African 
coal mining asset, Black Wattle Colliery. This offset the lower prices 
for its coal sold by Sisonke Coal Processing, Bisichi's South African 
coal processing operation.
A successful transition to Bisichi's new mining area at Black Wattle 
in late 2023 resulted in a steady improvement in mining production 
in 2024 and lower mining costs compared to the reserves mined in 
2023. We are pleased to report that Bisichi achieved production of 
1.5 million metric tonnes in 2024, compared to 0.8 million metric 
tonnes in 2023. 
The increased production at Black Wattle also positively impacted 
Sisonke Coal Processing, with coal sales increasing to 1.2 million 
metric tonnes (2023: 1.0 million metric tonnes). As previously 
reported, Transnet, the South African state rail operator and the 
wider South African coal industry are working hard collectively to 
implement measures to increase rail capacity. We are pleased to 
report that during the period, Bisichi’s rail exports increased to 
209,000 metric tonnes, compared to 134,000 metric tonnes in 
2023. In 2024, the improved rail exports were offset by lower prices 
of Free on Board (FOB) coal from Richards Bay Coal Terminal (API4 
price) and achievable domestic prices. During the year, the API4 
price averaged US$106 compared to US$120 in 2023. While lower 
coal prices achievable during the year impacted revenue, the 
increased coal sales volume enabled Bisichi’s revenue to rise to 
£52.3 million (2023: £49.3 million). 
Looking ahead to 2025, Bisichi remains optimistic about the 
continued benefits from Black Wattle’s enhanced production and 
the positive developments in rail logistics. However, it is mindful of 
the current coal market volatility, with lower seaborne coal prices 
reflecting a temporary build up in global coal supply and a 
slowdown in demand. Bisichi is proactively managing this by 
maintaining a diversified customer base and remains confident in 
the long-term value of its South African operations.
Bisichi recognises the need for, and is committed to, the 
diversification of its future business activities. Bisichi is continually 
looking at alternative mining, commodity and renewable energy 
related opportunities, as well as new opportunities to add to its 
existing UK property and equities investment portfolios. In the 
interim, Bisichi continues to work closely with Vunani Mining, its 
BEE partner in Black Wattle and Sisonke Coal Processing, to ensure 
that it is a responsible steward of its legacy coal operations taking 
into account the climate-related risks outlined in our climate report 
on page 12 and the impact these risks may have on all our 
stakeholders. 
Bisichi’s total non-current and current listed equity related 
investments held at fair value through profit and loss were valued at 
£15.0 million (2023: £15.0 million). Bisichi realised dividend income 
from investments during the period of £0.34 million (2023: £0.56 
million) and a gain in value from investments of £0.07 million (2023: 
£0.76 million). Bisichi’s investment portfolios comprise primarily 
listed equities and listed equity related funds involved or invested in 
extractive and energy related business activities, including entities 
involved in the extraction of commodities needed for the clean 
energy transition. 
In the UK, rental revenue from Bisichi’s retail property portfolio 
remains a stable contributor, aggregating £1.3 million (2023: £1.3 
million).  We are also pleased to report that, in December 2024, 
Bisichi executed a renewed five year term facility with Hodge Bank 
limited for £3.9 million secured against Bisichi’s UK property 
portfolio. 
The directors of Bisichi recommend a final dividend of 4p (2023: 4p) 
per share, of which LAP would receive £0.2 million. This would take 
the total dividend per share for the year to 7p (2023: 7p) if 
approved by its shareholders.
Finally, we would like to thank employees, advisers and stakeholders 
for their ongoing efforts and support.
John Heller,  
Chairman and Chief Executive
29 April 2025
 

4  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
The financial statements for 2024 have been 
prepared to reflect the requirements of IFRS 10. This 
means that the accounts of Bisichi PLC (a London 
Stock Exchange main market quoted company – BISI) 
(“Bisichi”), have been consolidated with those of LAP.
Bisichi continues to operate as a fully independent company and 
currently LAP owns only 41.6% of the issued ordinary share capital. 
However, because related parties also have shareholdings in Bisichi 
and there is a wide disposition of other shareholdings, LAP is 
deemed under IFRS 10, to have effective control of Bisichi for 
accounting purposes. This treatment means that the income and net 
assets of Bisichi are disclosed in full and the value attributable to the 
“non-controlling interest” (58.4%) is shown separately in the equity 
section as a non-controlling interest. There is no impact on the net 
assets attributable to LAP shareholders.
Dragon Retail Properties Limited (“Dragon”) and West Ealing 
Projects Limited (“West Ealing”) are both 50:50 joint ventures with 
Bisichi and are also consolidated. Another joint venture, 
Development Physics Limited (“DPL”) was owned 33% each by LAP, 
Bisichi and a third party. This too is consolidated but was dissolved 
in Q1 2025, following cessation of its activities.
Shareholders are aware that LAP is a property business with a 
significant investment in a listed mining company.
The effect of consolidating the results, assets and liabilities of the 
property business and the mining company makes the figures 
complex and less transparent. Property company accounts are already 
subject to significant volatility as valuations of property assets as well 
as derivative liabilities can be subject to major movements based on 
market sentiment. Most of these changes, though, have little or no 
effect on the cash position and it is, of course, self-evident that cash 
flow is the most important factor influencing the success of a 
property business. We explain the factors affecting the property 
business first, clearly separating these from factors affecting the 
mining business which we do not manage. Comments about Bisichi 
(the mining business) are based on information provided by the 
independent management of that company.
This report comments on the performance of each of the Group’s 
segments separately.
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC
We own industrial and community essential retail property and 
additionally are seeking to develop housing for local communities. 
Our key objective is to ensure that we offer safe and secure 
environments for people to live and work in and visit.
LAP’s core objectives in 2024 have continued to be:
•	 Provide environments in which tenants can thrive.
•	 Continually improve our operating cashflow.
•	 Maintain minimal exposure to the fashion led or shopping centre 
retail sector.
•	 Ensure gearing is at an appropriate level.
•	 Maintain sufficient cash in the business to be able to take 
advantage of opportunities as they arise.
Rental Income and Occupancy
As at 15 April 2025 Q1 2025 collections were 94% (2024: 92%).
We continue to engage with occupiers to ensure our properties 
contain a diversified mix of tenants to match customers’ evolving 
requirements. This is particularly applicable to our essential retail 
assets, that serve local communities.
Like for like net rental income was down by £61,000 (2.4%). During 
the year there was an increase in our doubtful debt provisions of 
£345,000 from 2023, predominantly against three of larger tenants 
who encountered financial difficulty. Whilst these units have now 
been relet, provisions have been made for unpaid rent should we 
ultimately be unable to recover the amounts due. Excluding 
provisions and development properties, net rental income increased 
by £74,000 (2.9%).
After excluding sales and acquisitions over the past two years, like 
for like gross rental income was up £101,000 (3.0%) as shown 
below. There was £162,000 of net increases in rents from lease 
reviews, renewals and new lettings and a net decrease of £61,000 
from rent lost due to expiries and subsequent vacant periods.
Gross Rental Income (£'000)
Gross Rental Income
Void levels increased slightly to 3.6% at 31 December 2024 (2023: 
2.7%) but remain low across the portfolio. Whilst we have seen 
some tenant failures this year contributing to the void rate, we have 
received strong interest in these units with new tenants being 
brought on board, often at increased rents. Voids are largely created 
through the natural rotation of tenants when their requirements at 
lease events have changed, and we do not have suitable 
accommodation available. We monitor tenants’ requirements on a 
regular basis and aim to understand their intentions in advance of 
lease events.
Property Investment Activities
There were no property disposals or acquisitions during 2024. In 
2023 we relinquished our interest in Orchard Square Limited as 
described below and in note 6.
LAP continues to look for investment opportunities, particularly 
within the industrial sector.
LAP also continues to develop and refurbish all its properties as 
appropriate to provide environments in which tenants can thrive.
Our joint venture residential developments are discussed later in 
this review.
STRATEGIC 
REPORT
Financial and performance review
2023
Disposals
(1,133)
Leasing
162
Expiries
(61)
101
2024
4,532
3,510

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 5
STRATEGIC REPORT
STRATEGIC REPORT Financial and performance review
INCOME STATEMENT
BUSINESS ANALYSIS
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Rental income
2,303
3,323
Service charge income
149
451
Management income from third party properties
34
18
LAP Revenue
2,486
3,792
Direct property costs
(1,100)
(1,553)
Impairment of inventory
(900)
-
Overheads
(2,000)
(2,254)
Depreciation
(267)
(266)
Operating (loss)/profit
(1,781)
(281)
Finance income
92
110
Finance expenses
(1,437)
(2,094)
Result before valuation movements 
(3,126)
(2,265)
Other segment items
Net increase/(decrease) on revaluation of investment properties
1,525
(150)
Gain/(loss) on disposal of subsidiaries
50
(1,930)
Profit/(loss) on disposal of fixed assets
-
4
Revaluation and other movements
1,575
(2,076)
LAP loss for the year before taxation
(1,551)
(4,341)
 
Note: The figures exclude inter-company transactions.
EBITDA
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Operating (loss)/profit
(1,781)
(281)
Excluding non-cash items:
	 Depreciation & amortisation
267
266
	 Impairment of Inventory
900
-
EBITDA 
(614)
(15)
Income from subsidiaries:
	 Management fees
236
236
	 Dividend income
311
666
Adjusted EBITDA
(67)
887
Funding & Refinancing Activities
No loans were repaid, or new loans or other forms of finance 
assumed in 2024.
Our 5-year, £13.6m term loan with QIB taken out in 2022 was 
covenant compliant throughout the year.
In 2023 our term loan with Phoenix CRE S.à.r.l of £12.7 million 
became due. This loan is secured on a single property, Orchard Square, 
Sheffield. The loan is non-recourse to the rest of the LAP Group. The 
property was marketed for sale in 2023 with an agreement for sale 
being reached with a buyer who was then unable to complete. LAP is 
working collaboratively with and under the direction of the lender to 
manage the property, completing key asset management activities 
prior to remarketing the property for sale when sentiment improves.
As LAP has declined the opportunity to repay the loan and cure the 
breach arising as a result, LAP has effectively lost control of the 
asset. LAP no longer has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from 
its involvement with Orchard Square Limited. In accordance with 
IFRS10, the investment in Orchard Square Limited has been treated 
as having been relinquished in July 2023. The results of Orchard 
Square Limited are reflected in the Income Statement to July 2023 
with neither the loan nor the asset being shown in the accounts at 
31 December 2023 or 2024. 
Further details can be found in note 19 to the accounts.
The loan relating to our development joint venture is discussed later 
in this review.
The above figures for LAP and commentary below exclude the cash 
items of management fee income from Bisichi and Dragon of 
£236,000 (2023: £236,000) and dividend income from Bisichi of 
£311,000 (2023: £666,000).
The non-cash item, loss on disposal of subsidiaries in 2023 relates 
to our decision not to cure the breach of Orchard Square Limited’s 
loan covenants and the subsequent loss of control as prescribed by 
IFRS10. In 2024 our joint venture Development Physics Limited 
closed with a net gain of £50,000 in the year as a result of releasing 
provisions made in previous years.
We have again managed to reduce our overheads this year and 
continue exploring opportunities to do so again in 2025.
LAP generated an adjusted EBITDA loss of £0.1 million (2023: profit 
£0.9 million).
LAP generates the majority of its income from property rentals, 
property management fees and development activities.
Interest costs in 2024 reduced by £749,000 due to the disposal of 
Orchard Square Limited and increased by £92,000 due to a higher 
average BoE base rate over the year compared to 2023.
Investment property valuation increases of £1.525 million (2023: 
reductions of £0.15 million) arose from enhanced retail property 
values of £0.3 million (2023: decrease £0.08 million) and 
strengthened industrial property values of £1.225 million (2023: 
decrease £0.07 million). Our retail assets - entirely consisting of 
essential retail - have low vacancy rates and are witnessing steady 
increases in rental levels at lease events, which is the main driver of 
the value growth experienced in 2024. 
Our industrial assets have seen several pleasing rent increases in 
2024, which, similar to the retail portfolio, has been the main driver 
of value growth. 
Producing a profit through ongoing asset management activities to 
generate further rental income, investing cash currently on deposit 
at the appropriate time into new property investments combined 
with generating returns from our existing investments, including 
Bisichi, remains the key focus of the business for the future.

6  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT Financial and performance review
BALANCE SHEET
SEGMENT ASSETS
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Non-current assets – property
25,870
23,801
Non-current assets – property, plant & equipment
832
268
Trading asset
8,996
8,889 
Assets held for sale
-
545
Cash & cash equivalents
1,856
3,799 
Current assets – others
1,319
1,237
Total assets excluding investment in joint ventures
38,873
38,539 
Segment liabilities
Borrowings
(18,233)
(17,650)
Current liabilities
(3,142)
(3,238)
Non-current liabilities
(1,692)
(1,272)
Total liabilities
(23,067)
(22,160)
Net assets
15,806
16,379 
 
Note: The figures exclude inter-company transactions between LAP, Bisichi and Dragon.
Total assets, consisting mainly of trading and investment properties, 
have increased from £38.5 million to £38.9 million. LAP’s property 
portfolio increased in value by £1.5m million on revaluation.
Property, plant and equipment increased by £0.5 million in the year 
following the extension of the lease on our existing head office for a 
further 3 years.
The trading asset is our residential development JV in Ealing. £1.0 
million of development expenditure was incurred in the year, a significant 
element of which related to non-cash items including bank costs and 
interest. A £0.9 million impairment provision has been made to reflect 
the Director’s assessment of the current value of the development.
Total liabilities, consisting mainly of bank loans, have increased from 
£22.2 million to £23.1 million largely reflecting the increase in lending 
to fund the investment in our residential development JV in Ealing.
LAP’s main borrowings consist of a £13.6 million term loan facility 
expiring in August 2027 and a rolling development loan relating to 
West Ealing of £4.9 million that expired in January 2025. The lender 
continues to support us with the build out of the development. As 
in previous years, all loans are secured on core property and are 
covenant compliant at the year end.
GEARING
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Total borrowings
18,233
17,650
Less cash and cash equivalents
(1,856)
(3,799)
Net borrowings
16,377
13,851
Total Equity
15,806 
16,379
103.6%
84.6%
The business has not set a target gearing level but monitors its debt and asset values constantly to maintain an appropriate level, 
considering market sentiment, the availability and cost of debt and cash flow forecasts.
CASH FLOW
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATIONS
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Cash (outflows)/inflows from operating activities
(1,133)
1,121
Cash inflows from investing activities
403
641
Cash outflows from financing activities
(1,213)
(2,648)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(1,943)
(886)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January
3,799
4,685
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December
1,856
3,799
Note: The figures within the LAP cashflow include inter-company transactions such as management fee income of £236,000 (2023: £236,000) and dividends from Bisichi 
of £311,000 (2023: £666,000).
Cash outflows from operating activities include expenditure on 
development properties of £1.0 million (2023: £0.8 million). 
Excluding this expenditure, adjusted cash outflows from operating 
expenditure were £0.1 million (2023: inflows £1.9m).
Investing activities include dividend income from Bisichi of £0.3 
million (2023: £0.7 million).
Financing activities in 2024 include the receipt of a bank loan of 
£0.5 million in relation to property development expenditure and 
interest payments on the servicing of debt of £1.5 million (2023: 
£2.2 million). 2023’s interest payment included loan interest for 
Orchard Square to July 2023 of £0.7 million. Interest rate risk is 
discussed further in note 22.
WEST EALING PROJECTS LIMITED
West Ealing is a 50:50 joint venture between LAP and Bisichi 
created with the purpose of delivering a primarily residential 
development in West Ealing, London. The joint venture owns 90% 
of the property which is under development and on which £9.9 
million has been spent to date (2023: £8.9 million), West Ealing is 
disclosed within LAP in the segmental analysis in note 1 to the 
financial statements. There is a linked development loan of £4.9 
million (2023: £4.4 million), described further in note 19. Planning 
permission is held for the creation of 56 new residential apartments 
and 4 ground floor shops on the site.
An impairment review has been conducted of the value of the 
development by the Directors, which has resulted in a £900,000 
provision recognising the uncertain commercial outcome including 
the construction contract cost and future sales prices. A 10% 
variation in the future construction costs of the project results in a 
circa £1.8 million change to its current development value.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 7
STRATEGIC REPORT Financial and performance review
DEVELOPMENT PHYSICS LIMITED
Development Physics was a joint venture between LAP, Bisichi and 
Metroprop Real Estate, owned equally by the three parties. It was set 
up, for the purpose of delivering a residential development of 44 
flats and 4 town houses in Purley, London. Following an unsuccessful 
planning application and subsequent appeal the JV partners decided 
to stop development activities and allow the options over parcels of 
land to lapse. The company has subsequently been closed. Provisions 
for the carrying value of the development were made in previous 
years and the financial effect of the development in 2024 is limited.
BISICHI PLC
Although the results of Bisichi PLC have been consolidated in these 
financial statements, LAP has no direct influence over the 
management of Bisichi. The comments below are based on the 
published accounts of Bisichi.
The Bisichi group results are stated in full in its published 2024 financial 
statements which are available at www.bisichi.co.uk.
Bisichi has two core revenue streams – coal mining in South Africa 
and investment in retail proeprty in the UK.
2024 was a strong year for Bisichi’s South African coal mining and 
processing operations with higher mining production, lower mining 
costs, and a higher proportion of sales into the export market which 
offset lower average coal prices in 2024.
Bisichi reported a profit before tax of £5.0 million (2023: £0.6 million) 
for the year resulting in an increase in taxation for the year to £1.6 
million (2023: £0.3 million). This resulted in Bisichi achieving an 
overall profit for the year after tax of £3.4 million (2023: £0.3 million). 
Bisichi’s UK retail property investment were valued at the year end 
at £10.760 million (2023: £10.610 million). The property portfolio is 
actively managed by LAP and generated rental income of £1.3 
million in the year (2023: £1.3 million).
During the year Bisichi’s total non-current and current listed equity 
related investments held at fair value through profit and loss 
remained at £15.0 million (2023: £15.0 million). The Group achieved 
dividend income from investments during the period of £0.34 
million (2023: £0.56 million) and a gain in value from investments of 
£0.07 million (2023: £0.8 million). The Group’s listed equity related 
investment portfolios comprise primarily listed equities and listed 
equity related funds involved or invested in extractive and energy 
related business activities, including entities involved in the 
extraction of commodities needed for the clean energy transition.
Bisichi has a structured trade finance facility with Absa Bank Limited 
for R85 million held by Sisonke Coal Processing (Pty) Limited, a 
100% subsidiary of Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Limited. This facility 
comprises an R85 million revolving facility to cover the working 
capital requirements of Bisichi’s South African operations. The 
facility is renewable annually and is secured against inventory, 
debtors and cash that are held in Bisichi’s South African operations.
In December 2024, Bisichi executed a renewed 5-year term facility 
of £3.9 million with Julian Hodge Bank Limited at an LTV of 50%. 
The loan is secured against the company’s UK retail property 
portfolio. The amount repayable on the loan at the year-end is £3.9 
million. The overall interest cost of the loan is 4.00% above the 
Bank of England base rate. The loan is secured by way of a first 
charge over Bisichi’s investment properties in the UK which are 
included in the financial statements at a value of £10.76 million. The 
loan is repayable in December 2029. No banking covenants were 
breached by Bisichi during the year. 
Bisichi’s cash and cash equivalents decreased during the year by 
£0.8 million (2023: £7.8 million). The net balance of cash and cash 
equivalents (including bank overdrafts) at year end was a negative 
amount of cash of £1.1 million (2023: £0.3 million).
Bisichi has considerable financial resources available at short notice 
including cash and cash equivalents (excluding bank overdrafts) of 
£1.2 million (2023: £3.2 million) and listed investments of £15.0 
million (2023: £15.0 million) as at year end. These financial 
resources total £16.2 million (2023: £18.2 million).
Bisichi’s net assets at 31st December 2024 were £36.1 million 
(2023: £33.6 million).
Bisichi recognises the need for, and is committed to, diversification 
of its future business activities. Bisichi is continually looking at 
alternative mining, commodity and renewable energy related 
opportunities, as well as new opportunities to add to its existing UK 
property investment portfolios. In the interim, Bisichi continues to 
work closely with Vunani Mining, its BEE partner in Black Wattle and 
Sisonke Coal processing, as it is committed to being a responsible 
steward of its legacy coal operations taking into account the 
climate-related risks outlined in Bisichi’s climate report in its 2024 
report and accounts and the impact these risks may have on all 
stakeholders.
DRAGON RETAIL PROPERTIES LIMITED
Dragon is a UK property investment company, owned 50:50 by LAP 
and Bisichi. The company has a Santander bank loan of £0.7 million 
secured against its investment property, which is covenant 
compliant, see note 19. The loan was renewed with Santander 
during the year for a further 3 years to July 2027, at a margin of 
3.5% above the Bank of England base rate.
Dragon incurred management fees of £72,000 (2023: £72,000) 
split equally between the two joint venture partners. Dragon has 
net assets of £1.3 million (2023: £1.2 million). Dragon continues to 
trade at near break-even, excluding property revaluations.
ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND GOING 
CONCERN
The most significant judgements made in preparing these accounts 
relate to the carrying value of the properties and investments. The 
Group uses external property valuers to determine the fair value of 
most of its properties. 
Under IFRS10 the Group has included Bisichi PLC in the consolidated 
accounts, as it is deemed to be under the effective control of LAP and 
has therefore been treated as a subsidiary. The directors of Bisichi 
consider their judgements and estimates surrounding the life of the 
mine and its reserves to have significant effect on the amounts 
recognised in the financial statements and to be an area where the 
financial statements are subject to significant estimation uncertainty. 
The life of mine remaining is currently estimated at 5 years.
The Directors exercise their commercial judgement when reviewing 
the Group’s cash flow forecasts and the underlying assumptions on 
which the forecasts are based. The Group’s business activities, 
together with the factors likely to affect its future development, are 
set out in the Chairman’s Statement and Chief Executive’s Review 
and in this Report. Further disclosure of specific factors affecting 
going concern are discussed in more detail in the going concern 
section of the group accounting policies section of the financial 
statements. In addition, the Directors consider that Note 22 to the 
financial statements sets out the Group’s objectives, policies and 
processes for managing its capital; its financial risk management 
objectives; details of its financial instruments and hedging activities; 
and its exposure to credit risk, liquidity risk and other risks.

8  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT Financial and performance review
STATEMENT REGARDING SECTION 172 OF THE 
UK COMPANIES ACT 
Section 172 of the UK Companies Act requires the Board to report 
on how the directors have had regard to the matters outlined below 
in performing their duties. The Board consider the Group’s 
customers, employees, local communities, suppliers and shareholders 
as key stakeholders of the Group. During the year, the Directors 
consider that they have acted in a way, and have made decisions that 
would most likely promote the success of the Group for the benefit 
of its members as a whole as outlined in the matters below: 
•	 The likely consequences of any decision in the long term: see 
Principal Activity, Strategy & Business Model and Risks and 
Uncertainties on pages 9 to 10;
•	 The interests of the Group’s employees; ethics and compliance; 
fostering of the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, 
customers and others; and the impact of the Group’s operations 
on the community and environment: see Corporate Responsibility 
and Sustainability reports on pages 12 to 19;
•	 The need to act fairly between members of the Company: see the 
Corporate Responsibility section on pages 13 to 22;
•	 The desirability of maintaining a reputation for high standards of 
business conduct: see the Corporate Governance section on 
pages 24 to 25.
GOING CONCERN
LAP
In reviewing going concern it is necessary to consider separately the 
position of LAP Group and Bisichi. Although both are consolidated 
into group accounts (as required by IFRS 10), they are managed 
independently and in the unlikely event that Bisichi was unable to 
continue trading this would not affect the ability of LAP Group to 
continue operating as a going concern. The same would be true for 
Bisichi in reverse.
The directors have reviewed the cash flow forecasts of the LAP 
Group and the underlying assumptions on which they are based, for 
the 15 months from the date of signing. The LAP Group’s business 
activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future 
development, are set out in the Chairman and Chief Executive’s 
Statement and Financial Review. In addition, Note 22 to the 
financial statements sets out the Group’s objectives, policies and 
processes for managing its capital; its financial risk management 
objectives; details of its financial instruments and hedging activities; 
and its exposure to credit risk and liquidity risk.
Directors assess the longer term prospects of the business over a 
four year time horizon as covered by the Group’s annual rolling 
four-year strategic financial plan. This is considered to be the 
optimum balance between our need to plan for the long term, 
recognising that property investment is a long-term business, and 
the progressively unreliable nature of forecasting in later years.
Geo-political events in Ukraine and the Middle East are no longer 
significantly impacting global energy prices. The imposition of tariffs 
by the United States is not expected to have any significant direct 
effect on our operations. Although the outcome of these events is 
uncertain, the Directors at present do not foresee the events having 
a significant negative impact on the Group’s UK and South African 
operations’ ability to remain in operation for the foreseeable future. 
Bisichi
Detailed budget and cash flow forecasts for Bisichi’s operations 
demonstrate that Bisichi has sufficient resources to meet its 
liabilities as they fall due for at least the next 12 months and that 
Bisichi will be able to manage its business risks and have adequate 
cash resources to continue in operational existence for the 
foreseeable future. Further details can be found in the Bisichi plc 
2024 Financial Statements which are available on their web site: 
www.bisichi.co.uk.
Overall position
With a quality property portfolio comprising tenants with a mix of 
short and long leases supported by suitable financial arrangements, 
the Directors believe that the group property operations (including 
Bisichi and Dragon) are well placed to address the current business 
risks successfully. The mining operations too, as a key industry in 
South Africa, have a positive future. It is also relevant that LAP 
would be able to continue as a viable business if Bisichi were to face 
unexpected problems as there are no cross guarantees and LAP is 
not dependent on the income from Bisichi. 
Having made enquiries and having considered the principal risks 
facing the Group, including liquidity and solvency risks, and material 
uncertainties, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the 
Group and the Company have adequate resources to continue in 
operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, they 
continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in 
preparing the annual financial statements.
TAXATION
The LAP Group tax strategy is to account for tax on an accurate and 
timely basis. We only structure our affairs based on sound 
commercial principles and wish to maintain a low tax risk position. 
We do not engage in aggressive tax planning.
The LAP Group (excluding Bisichi and Dragon) has unused tax losses 
and deductions with a potential value of £11.0 million (2023: £12.3 
million). As LAP returns to profit, these tax losses and deductions 
should be utilised.
DIVIDENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Due to the current economic uncertainties, the LAP Board has 
agreed that it will not be recommending a dividend for the financial 
year ending 31 December 2024 (2023: £nil).
Looking forwards to medium term trading, we intend to pursue our 
previously stated strategies. These include investing in both our 
essential community retail properties which have inbuilt defensive 
qualities and industrial property where we have enjoyed success.
We will recycle properties where we feel asset management 
opportunities are limited and are prepared to enter into negotiations 
with parties that have approached us to explore disposals or joint 
ventures to redevelop certain assets within our portfolio. A number 
of these negotiations are ongoing although we are not yet able to 
say if any will come to fruition.
Our development in Ealing has received planning consent and we 
are in negotiations with stakeholders to enable construction to 
commence. Due to rising construction costs and market volatility, 
we are not able to provide guidance on the level of cash return this 
project will ultimately generate.
We will continue to consider further joint venture opportunities to 
undertake residential development.
Bisichi
Bisichi remains optimistic about the continued benefits from Black 
Wattle’s enhanced production and the positive developments in rail 
logistics. However, Bisichi is mindful of the current coal market 
volatility with lower seaborne coal prices, reflecting a temporary 
buildup in global coal supply and a slowdown in demand, impacting 
coal revenue in 2025 to date. With such uncertainty Bisichi is 
approaching this year with caution and is proactively managing this 
by maintaining a diversified customer base and remain confident in 
the long-term value of its South African operations.
Bisichi continues to seek and evaluate opportunities to transition 
into alternative mining, commodity and renewable energy related 
opportunities through new commercial arrangements.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 9
STRATEGIC REPORT
STRATEGIC REPORT
Principal activities, strategy & business model
The LAP Group’s principal business model is the investment in, and management and development of, industrial and retail property through 
direct investment and joint ventures. 
The principal activity of Bisichi PLC is coal mining and coal processing in South Africa. Further information is available in its 2024 Financial 
Statements which are available at www.bisichi.co.uk
TEXT
TEXT
Maximising income
By achieving an appropriate tenant mix and providing vibrant environments with excellent facilities 
we can increase tenant demand for space and enhance income.
Creating quality property
We look to improve the tenant experience at all our properties by achieving an appropriate tenant 
mix and a vibrant trading environment through investment activity, enhancement, refurbishment 
and development.
Capital strength
We operate within a prudent and flexible financial structure. Our gearing policy provides financial 
stability whilst giving capacity and flexibility to look for further investments.
Maintain the value of 
investment in Bisichi
By encouraging the Bisichi management to maximise sustainable profits and cash distributions.
Risks and uncertainties
DESCRIPTION OF RISK
DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT
MITIGATION
ASSET MANAGEMENT:
Tenant failure
Financial loss.
Initial and subsequent assessment of tenant covenant 
strength combined with an active credit control function.
Leases not renewed
Financial loss.
Lease expiries regularly reviewed. Experienced teams 
with strong tenant and market knowledge who manage 
appropriate tenant mix.
Asset liquidity (size and 
geographical location)
Assets may be illiquid and affect flexing  
of balance sheet.
Regular reporting of current and projected position to the 
Board with efficient treasury management.
PEOPLE:
Retention and recruitment  
of staff
Unable to retain and attract the best 
people for the key roles. 
Nomination Committee and senior staff review skills 
gaps and succession planning. Training and development 
offered.
REPUTATION:
Business interruption
Loss in revenue.
Impact on footfall.
Adverse publicity.
Potential for criminal/civil proceedings.
Documented Recovery Plan in place. 
General, cyber and terrorism insurance policies in place a 
nd risks monitored by trained security staff. 
Health and Safety policies in place. 
CCTV in centres.
FINANCING:
Fluctuation in property values
Impact on covenants and other loan 
agreement obligations.
Secure income flows. 
Regular monitoring of LTV and IC covenants and other 
obligations.
Focus on quality assets.
Reduced availability of  
borrowing facilities
Insufficient funds to meet existing  
debts/interest payments and  
operational payments.
Efficient treasury management. 
Loan facilities extended where possible.
Regular reporting of current and projected position  
to the Board.
Loss of cash and deposits
Financial loss.
Only use a spread of banks and financial institutions  
which have a strong credit rating.
Fluctuation of interest rates
Uncertainty of interest rate costs.
Manage derivative contracts to achieve a balance  
between hedging interest rate exposure and   
minimising potential cash calls.

10  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT
STRATEGIC REPORT
Bisichi risks and uncertainties
Bisichi (although it is consolidated into group accounts as required by IFRS 10) is managed independently of LAP. The risks outlined below 
are an abbreviated summary of the risks reported by the Directors of Bisichi to the shareholders of that Company. Full details are available 
in the published accounts of Bisichi (www.bisichi.co.uk).
These risks, although critical to Bisichi, are of less significance to LAP which only has a minority investment of 41.6% in the company. In the 
unlikely event that Bisichi was unable to continue trading, it would not affect the ability of LAP to continue operating as a going concern. 
DESCRIPTION OF RISK
DESCRIPTION OF IMPACT
MITIGATION
Coal prices can be impacted materially 
by market and currency variations and 
geopolitical factors
Affects sales value and therefore 
margins.
Bisichi primarily focuses on managing its 
underlying production and processing costs 
to mitigate coal price volatility as well as 
from time to time entering into forward sales 
contracts with the goal of preserving future 
revenue streams. Bisichi has not entered into 
any such contracts in 2023 and 2024.
Bisichi assesses on an ongoing basis the impact 
of volatility in global energy markets, economic 
volatility and climate change related risks may 
have on the Group’s mining operations and 
future investment decisions
Mining operations are inherently risky.  
Mineral reserves, regulations, licensing,  
power availability, health and safety can  
all damage operations
Loss of production causing loss of 
revenue.
Use of independent geology experts, careful 
attention to regulations, health and safety 
training, employee dialogue to minimise 
controllable risks.
Currency risk
Affects realised sales value and 
therefore margins.
Regular monitoring and review of forward 
currency situation.
Cashflow variation because of mining risks, 
commodity price or currency variations
Variations can deliver significant 
shifts in cash flow.
UK property investments used to offset high 
risk mining operations.
Socio-economic, political instability & 
regulatory environment risk
The Bisichi Group is exposed 
to a wide range of political, 
economic, regulatory, social and 
tax environments, particularly in 
South Africa.
Bisichi’s assets and investments are diversified 
across various countries which reduces its 
exposure to any particular country. Its Board 
regularly assesses the political and socio-
economic environment and related risks of the 
countries it operates and invests in.
There has been no change in the risks faced by either LAP or Bisichi.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 11
STRATEGIC REPORT
Key performance indicators
The Group’s Key Performance Indicators are selected to ensure clear alignment between its strategy and shareholder interests. 
The KPIs are calculated using data from management reporting systems.
STRATEGIC PRIORITY
KPI	
PERFORMANCE
MAXIMISING INCOME – LIKE FOR LIKE PROPERTY INCOME
To increase the like-for-
like income from each 
property year on year.
Like-for-like gross rental 
income as a percentage of 
the prior year rental.
The like-for-like rental income of the 
group by property has increased by 
£101,000 (3.0%) (2023: increase  
of £49,000 and 0.4%).
This is considered a positive 
outcome. 
MAXIMISING INCOME – OCCUPANCY
We aim to maximise 
the total income in our 
properties by achieving 
full occupancy.
The estimated rental value 
("ERV") of the empty units 
as a percentage of our 
total income.
Void levels increased to 3.6%  
(2023: 2.7%).
There continue to be minimal voids 
across the portfolio which is positive.
CAPITAL STRENGTH – GROWTH IN NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE
The net assets per 
share is the principal 
measure used by the 
group for monitoring its 
performance and is an 
indicator of the level of 
reserves available for 
distribution by way of 
dividend.
Movement in the net 
assets per share.
The net assets per share decreased 
by 0.37 pence per share (1.5%) to 
32.91p (2023: 33.38p).
This is considered a positive result  
in a difficult market.
CHANGE IN LIKE-FOR-LIKE 
INCOME*
VOIDS 
NET ASSETS PER SHARE
3.0
4.0
5.0
75.0
2.0
50.0
1.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
2022
2022
2023
2023
100
50
0.0
-50
-100
2022
2023
2024
2024
2024

12  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT
Corporate responsibility
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Bisichi’s Black Wattle continues to strive to conduct business in a 
safe, environmentally and socially responsible manner. Some 
highlights of their Health, Safety and Environment performance 
during 2024:
•	 Black Wattle Colliery recorded 1 Lost time Injuries during 2024 
(2023: 2). 
•	 Two cases of Occupational Diseases were recorded. 
•	 Two claims for the Compensation for Occupational Diseases were 
submitted.
In South Africa, the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment 
Charter for the Mining and Minerals Industry (New Mining Charter) 
is a regulatory instrument that facilitates sustainable transformation, 
growth and development of the mining industry. Bisichi is 
committed to fully complying with the New Mining Charter and 
providing adequate resources to this area in order to ensure 
opportunities are expanded for historically disadvantaged South 
Africans (HDSAs) to enter the mining and minerals industry. In 
addition, Bisichi continues to adhere to and make progress in terms 
of their Social and Labour Plan and various BEE initiatives. A fuller 
explanation of these can be found in Bisichi’s 2024 Financial 
Statements which are available on their web site: www.bisichi.co.uk
CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTING
The Group recognises that climate change represents one of the 
most significant challenges facing the world today and supports the 
goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention 
on Climate Change. 
Our aim is to: 
•	 minimize our contribution to greenhouse gas emissions; 
•	 to consider and plan for the physical and transitional risks of 
climate change on our operations; and 
•	 to work with stakeholders, including local government and 
communities, to mitigate the impact of climate-related challenges.
In the current year, the Group has aligned climate disclosures in this 
Strategic Report to the four Task force on Climate-related Financial 
Disclosure (“TCFD”) recommendations as follows:
TCFD AREA
TCFD CONSIDERATION
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC & BISICHI PLC
Governance
Board’s oversight of climate risk 
and opportunities
The LAP & Bisichi Boards have ultimate responsibility for the monitoring and 
development of the Groups’ approach to climate risk and opportunities. 
In light of the size of the Group, ESG matters are considered as part of the 
Group’s regular board meetings and at other appropriate points during the year.
The Board has developed and implemented a Climate Change Policy and monitor 
the content, effectiveness and implementation of this Policy on a regular basis.
The Group’s Climate Change Policy can be found on the Group’s website at www.
lap.co.uk. 
Short, medium and long term strategic decisions, including those on capital allocation 
and portfolio management, are considered by Group management who make 
recommendations to the Board. Climate related issues and policy are included as 
significant factors for consideration in the decision making process, both in the 
management recommendation and in the Board’s consideration of the relevant issue. 
On-going climate related issues are integrated into the Group’s business risk 
management process and reporting thereof to the Board and Audit Committee. 
The Group has regard to best practice in its area of operations, its health and safety 
and environmental obligations and seeks to ensure high standards of business 
conduct in its operations. It will review compliance with the TCFD Recommendations 
on an ongoing basis, and report on its performance on a yearly basis. 
Management’s role in assessing 
and managing climate-related 
risks and opportunities
Responsibility for the application of this Policy rests with, but is not limited to, 
all employees and contractors engaged in relevant activities under the Group’s 
operational control. The Group’s managers are responsible for promoting and 
ensuring compliance with this Policy and any related individual site-level policies 
and practices. 
At Bisichi’s South African operations, management have commenced 
engagement with key stakeholders in order to ensure awareness of our 
climate change policy as well as the potential impact of climate change on our 
environment and operations. We continue our collaboration with our contractors 
on GHG Emission Reporting and we are actively looking for opportunities to 
partner with our stakeholders to drive the uptake of carbon neutral solutions.
For material strategic or financial decisions, the Group may consider procuring 
expert advice from third party consultants on the impact in the short, medium 
and long term of the decision, and ensure that such information is fully 
considered as part of the evaluation of the relevant matter.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 13
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
TCFD AREA
TCFD CONSIDERATION
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC & BISICHI PLC
Strategy
Climate-related risks and 
opportunities the Group has 
identified over the short, 
medium, and long run
Bisichi considers the current life of mine of its South African operations to fall 
within a short to medium term horizon. Within this horizon, climate change 
transition risks may impact their South African coal mining and processing 
operations. Risks include:
•	coal price and demand volatility;
•	availability and cost of financing and third party services such as insurance;
•	delays or restrictions to regulatory approvals; 
•	early retirement of our coal processing and mining operations; and
•	Carbon pricing and taxes, that may create additional costs through the value 
chain.
The Group have assessed physical climate risk profiles produced by the World 
Bank, particularly in relation to the South African operations. Bisichi considers 
the physical risks of variations in climate over the current life of mine of the 
South African operations to be mainly limited to an increased risk of seasonal 
flooding that may impact the operating efficiency, costs and revenues of the 
mining and processing operations.
In a longer term horizon, and in a scenario where the useful life of Bisichi’s South 
African operations is extended, the above short to medium term transitional 
risks are expected to continue to apply. In addition, in a scenario, such as the 
International Energy Association’s (“IEA”) Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 (“NZE 
2050”), where climate policies are effectively implemented that support a 
transformation to net zero emissions by 2050 and limiting the rise of global 
temperatures to 1.5°C by the end of the century, policies will lead to significant 
coal demand decline over the longer term. This in turn will impact the carrying 
value and long term viability of Bisichi’s South African coal operations as well as 
the stakeholders and communities reliant on our operations. Extreme weather 
events, over the long term in South Africa, such as floods, and droughts, as 
well as changes in rainfall patterns, temperature, and storm frequency will also 
affect the operating efficiency, costs and revenues of the mining and processing 
operations, supply chains and impact the communities living close to the 
operations. 
Clean coal research and technology initiatives such as carbon capture may result 
in opportunities to increase the useful life of Bisichi’s South African coal mining 
and processing operations. In addition, the clean energy transition provides 
opportunities for Bisichi to diversify its business activities and equity investment 
portfolio into renewable and extractive industries that will benefit from and are 
critical to the transition to a clean energy system.
The main sources of scope 1 & 2 Green House Gas (GHG) emissions for the 
Group have been associated with the South African coal mining and processing 
operations, namely due to fuel combustion and electricity usage. Improvements 
in the cost competitiveness of lower emission sources of energy provide 
opportunities to lower overall operating costs at our operations as well as 
reduce overall GHG Emissions. 
In the UK we have identified the following material physical and transitional risks 
related to our UK property portfolio: 
•	Long term physical risk through changes in climate, flood risk and extreme 
weather; and
•	Short-term transition risk from emerging regulation related to energy 
performance (“EPC”) and enhanced disclosures 

14  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
TCFD AREA
TCFD CONSIDERATION
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC & BISICHI PLC
Strategy
Impact of climate-related risks 
and opportunities on businesses, 
strategy, and financial planning
Bisichi’s management have incorporated and regularly review the following 
strategies and procedures in relation to their South African coal operations: 
•	Review of the impact of climate change and the global transition to clean 
energy, particularly in relation to the current life of mine of Bisichi’s coal 
operations; 
•	Regular research and analysis of the coal market demand outlook;
•	Regular research and analysis on the outlook of the South African coal mining 
industry and climate change regulation including mining regulation, energy 
procurement and licensing, and carbon taxing; 
•	Regular communication with financial service providers and suppliers on any 
future changes to availability and cost of services.
•	Regular research and analysis on the progress of clean coal technology and 
related regulatory initiatives; and
•	Regular dialogue and seeking collaboration with governments and local 
communities and other stakeholders on climate change-related challenges.
Bisichi have identified the need to mitigate GHG emission heavy sources of 
electricity usage at our coal washing plant. Management are currently in the 
process of evaluating opportunities to reduce these emissions taking into 
particular consideration the financial viability and long term sustainability of the 
projects. 
The below areas have been identified where GHG emissions can be further 
reduced through: 
• Minimising land clearance for new project facilities;
• Adoption of mitigation strategies for preserving integrity of environment;
• Minimising tree felling; 
• The use of modern, energy and fuel efficient equipment;
• The inclusion of the impact of GHG emissions as an evaluation criteria in the 
selection of mining contractors, suppliers and equipment. Particular consideration 
will be given to the choice of vehicles used for the mine fleet, employee 
transportation and the haulage fleet. Where possible energy and fuel efficiency 
will be a factor in the selection of vehicles as this will not only reduce GHG 
emissions but also reduce operating costs. In addition to the efficiency of the 
fleet itself, opportunities will be sought for improving the use of the vehicles. 
• Scheduling of excavation and haulage activities to optimise activities and avoid 
double handling, where this is operationally practical; and
• The upgrading of energy-intensive machinery over time will be used to improve 
efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions compared to machinery that has been 
removed. 
Further energy efficiency opportunities will also be investigated.
Potential water scarcity has increased management focus on opportunities to 
increase the usage efficiency of our existing water supply and water recycling 
systems. The introduction of a closed loop filter press system for coal fines in 
2019 and additional other work concluded or planned on our water recycling 
systems at our coal processing facility will result in a lowering of our overall cost 
of water and the environmental footprint of our operations. Increased risks of 
flooding have been incorporated at planning stage in new opencast mining areas 
that have been opened. 
Transition and physical risks related to climate change are regularly discussed 
at Bisichi’s Board level, particularly those related to the long term viability of 
Bisichi’s South African coal operations and the future allocation of capital. Bisichi 
regularly considers the need for coal as an energy source both globally and in 
South Africa over the life of mine of our operations and in its long term planning. 
Bisichi is committed to responsible stewardship of their legacy South African coal 
assets taking into account the impact climate change related risks may have on all 
our local stakeholders. Bisichi recognise the need to collaborate with government, 
employees and communities, to ensure a just transition for our stakeholders 
through the transition to a low carbon economy. 
Bisichi regularly evaluates and continues to seek opportunities to diversify its 
business activities and equity investment portfolio, particularly into renewable 
and extractive industries that predominantly mine commodities identified by 
the IEA as critical in the transition to a clean energy system. Any significant 
developments will be reported to shareholders in due course.
The Board continue to monitor and regularly review adherence by the Group to 
changes to UK EPC. The Group have incorporated the ongoing impact of EPC 
regulatory standards into its decision making process. 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 15
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
TCFD AREA
TCFD CONSIDERATION
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC & BISICHI PLC
Strategy
Resilience of strategy, taking 
into consideration different 
climate-related scenarios, 
including a 2°C or lower 
scenario.
Bisichi’s management have incorporated climate scenarios into their strategic 
operational planning and review process. Bisichi have assessed the resilience of 
our coal operations compared to the IEA’s NZE2050 Scenario, which sets out 
what additional measures would be required over the next ten years to put the 
world as a whole on track for net zero emissions by mid-century. The Scenario 
indicates a significant coal demand decline over the longer term impacting the 
potential commercial longevity of Bisichi’s South African operations. In addition 
Bisichi have assessed physical climate risk profiles for their South African 
operations obtained via the World Bank Group’s Climate Change Knowledge 
Portal. The outcomes of scenario testing and physical climate profiling have 
been incorporated into the long term strategic planning and decision making 
processes of Bisichi. 
Over the short to medium term, considering the potential impact of transitional 
climate risks on Bisichi Group’s South African operations, the Group’s climate 
strategy and policy is regularly scrutinised by Bisichi’s senior management and 
Board in regard to any changes in coal demand outlook and climate regulatory 
policy that may impact our operations over the current life of mine. A recent 
example being the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (“JET IP”) announced 
by the South African Government for 2023-2027. 
The Board encourages senior and local management to assess principal and 
emerging climate-related risks on a regular basis. Risks identified are to be 
reported to and discussed at Board level and incorporated into the strategy and 
planning of the Group. 
Risk  
management
Processes for identifying and 
assessing climate related risks.
The Group’s risk management processes are developed, implemented and 
reviewed by the Board, who retain ultimate responsibility for them. 
In addition to the Group’s management of its principal risks and uncertainties, 
climate change impacts are mainly considered from two environmental 
perspectives, the impact of our South African coal mining and processing 
operations on the climate and the effect of global climate change on our 
operations and stakeholders.
Heavy sources of GHG emissions have been identified from our annual 
Greenhouse Gas emissions recording and reporting. 
The Bisichi Board and Senior management remain in regular communication 
with local regulatory bodies, climate research providers, coal market analysts, 
suppliers, and services providers to ensure climate related risks and changes in 
regulatory policy are identified and assessed on a regular basis. Bisichi’s senior 
and local management in South Africa are encouraged by the Board to identify 
local climate related risks and changes in regulatory policy that may impact our 
South African coal operations. 
Bisichi’s management continually engage with governments and local 
communities and other stakeholders on climate change-related challenges 
impacting the local area and the South African coal industry at large.
Processes for managing  
climate-related risks.
The Board and Senior management co-ordinate the Group’s analysis and 
planning of the effects of climate change on our business. The Board discuss 
regularly the impact of any risks identified through the organisation, particularly 
in relation to material matters that may impact the viability of the Group’s coal 
operations. The Bisichi Board regularly review and analyse coal market and 
outlook research, particularly in relation to targets set out in local climate policy 
such as JET IP and global climate scenarios such as NZE 2050. 
The mitigation of GHG emissions and identification of climate related risks has 
been integrated into our corporate policy, project and procurement evaluation 
criteria at Bisichi’s South African operations to ensure it is consistently applied 
and managed.
The Group continuously monitors and reports key performance indications 
relating to environmental matters, including the location of CO2 emissions, their 
levels and intensity.
On an ongoing basis, the Group assesses the impact of carbon pricing, climate 
regulation and taxation on going concern assumptions, the Group’s current and 
future strategy and operations.

16  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
TCFD AREA
TCFD CONSIDERATION
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC & BISICHI PLC
Risk 
management
Processes for identifying, 
assessing, and managing 
climate-related risks are 
integrated into the overall risk 
management.
New or evolving climate change risks identified by both senior and local 
management are to be reported to and discussed at Board level and 
incorporated into the strategy, planning and climate policy of the Group. 
Where possible, plans to mitigate the effect of climate change on Bisichi’s 
operations and local communities will be integrated into the mines regulatory 
environmental management and social and labour plans. 
Metrics and 
targets
Metrics used by the Group to 
assess climate related risks and 
opportunities in line with its 
strategy and risk management 
process
A financial segmentation of the Group’s South African coal mining and 
processing assets that are impacted by the climate related risks and 
opportunities outlined above can be found in Bisichi’s 2024 Financial Statements 
which are available on their website: www.bisichi.co.uk. 
Bisichi recognises that its ability to reduce overall carbon emissions is 
constrained at present by the main segment of it business activities, being 
coal mining and processing in South Africa. Bisichi has, however, sought to 
appropriately target its emission reduction strategy to the elements of its 
operations where a meaningful reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be 
effected, and this will be reflected in the targets set by the Group in due course.
The Group measures and report our CO2 emissions across the Group including 
a breakdown of UK and South African operations. See below for disclosure of 
emissions during the year.
Scope 1, Scope 2 and, 
if appropriate, Scope 3 
greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions, and the related risks.
The Group is committed to measuring and reporting our scope 1 and 2 
greenhouse gas emissions, see below for disclosure of emissions during the year.
Scope 3 emissions are not currently measured given the size and life of mine of 
the Group’s South African coal operations and the uncertainty and impracticality 
in accurately measuring such emissions throughout the value chain. The Group 
will continue to assess the above approach as part of its continued review of 
compliance with the TCFD Recommendations and taking into account any 
material changes in future business activities.
Targets used by the Group 
to manage climate-related 
risks and opportunities and 
performance against targets.
Over 99% of the Group’s GHG Emissions relate to Bisichi’s South African coal 
operations which has a current life of mine of 7 years. 
In the short term, the Group’s continues to evaluate areas where GHG emissions 
can be further reduced, particularly scope 2 emissions related to the heavy 
sources of electricity usage at Bisichi’s coal washing plant. Once the Group 
has identified the scope of further potential reductions, their time, capital cost 
and practicability of implementation, short term targets for the Group will be 
reassessed. 
Over the long term, as part of the Group’s business strategy, the Board 
continues to evaluate opportunities to diversify its business activities. In turn, 
targets related to GHG emissions will be re-evaluated in line with any future 
changes in the Group’s planned operating activities. 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 17
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING
As a quoted organisation incorporated in the UK, we have reported 
on all emission sources required under the Companies (Directors’ 
Report) and Limited Liability Partnerships (Energy and Carbon 
Report) Regulations 2018. for the period 1st January 2024 to 31st 
December 2024.
The emissions are detailed in Tables 1 to 4 below.
We have employed the Financial Control definition to outline our 
carbon footprint boundary, reporting Scope 1 & 2 emissions only for 
both landlord & tenant-controlled areas of LAP owned shopping 
centres and facilities.
During the year LAP had landlord-controlled areas in Brewery 
Street, Shipley and Bridgend, Bedworth, and Little Portland Street. 
Properties that LAP manage on behalf of others or are not wholly 
owned by LAP are excluded from our footprint boundary. An 
estimate of the emissions associated with the LAP offices on Little 
Portland Street has been included in this year’s calculations, as in 
the previous year.
Emissions for landlord-controlled areas have been calculated based 
on actual consumption data collected from each site. Emissions 
from tenant-controlled areas have been calculated based on floor 
area and energy consumption benchmarks for general retail services 
in the UK.
We have used the main requirements of the ISO14064-1 standard 
and HM Government Environmental Reporting Guidelines (2019) 
including streamlined energy and carbon reporting guidance. 
Emission factors were from the UK Government’s GHG Conversion 
Factors for Company Reporting 2024.
As well as reporting Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, the regulations 
require that at least one intensity ratio is reported for the given 
reporting period. The intensity figure below shows emissions in 
tCO2e per thousand pounds revenue.
Table 1. Landlord & tenant controlled areas
EMISSIONS SOURCE TCO2E
2024
2023
CHANGE
Scope 1 emissions
Natural gas
61
29
109%
Refrigerants
0
0
N/A
Scope 2 emissions
Electricity
1,162
1,152
1%
Total tCO2e
1,223
1,182
4%
Intensity ratio (tCO2e/£k)
0.40
0.25
59%
Table 2. LAP controlled areas
EMISSIONS SOURCE TCO2E
2024
2023
CHANGE
Scope 1 emissions
Natural gas
61
29
109%
Refrigerants
0
0
N/A
Scope 2 emissions
Electricity
114
97
17%
Total tCO2e
175
126
39%
Table 3. Tenant controlled areas
EMISSIONS SOURCE TCO2E
2024
2023
CHANGE
Scope 1 emissions
Natural gas
0
0
N/A
Refrigerants
0
0
N/A
Scope 2 emissions
Electricity
1,048
1,055
-1%
Total tCO2e
1,048
1,055
-1%
Table 4. Coal mining carbon footprint
2024
CO2e
TONNES
2023 
CO2e
TONNES
Emissions source:
Emissions from the combustion of fuel or the operation of any facility including fugitive emissions from 
refrigerants use
60,702
39,709
Emissions resulting from the purchase of electricity, heat, steam or cooling by the company for its own 
use (location based)
8,438
7,601
Total gross emissions/tCO2e
69,140
47,310
Intensity:
Intensity 1 Tonnes of CO2 per pound sterling of revenue
0.0013
0.0010
Intensity 2 Tonnes of CO2 per pound of coal produced
0.0462
0.0587
kWh
kWh
Energy consumption used to calculate above emissions 
96,215,539
90,218,230
Of which UK
5,055
5,857

18  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
ENVIRONMENT
United Kingdom
The Group’s principal UK activity is property investment, which 
involves renting premises to commercial businesses. We seek to 
provide those tenants with good quality premises from which they 
can operate in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. 
Where possible, improvements, repairs and replacements are made 
in an environmentally efficient manner and waste re-cycling 
arrangements are in place at all the Group’s locations.
South Africa
Under the terms of the mine’s Environmental Management 
Programme approved by the Department of Mineral Resource and 
Energy (“DMRE”), Black Wattle undertakes a host of environmental 
protection activities to ensure that the approved Environmental 
Management Plan is fully implemented. In addition to these routine 
activities, Black Wattle regularly carries out environmental 
monitoring activities on and around the mine, including evaluation 
of ground water quality, air quality, noise and lighting levels, ground 
vibrations, air blast monitoring, and assessment of visual impacts. In 
addition to this Black Wattle also performs quarterly monitoring of 
all boreholes around the mine to ensure that no contaminated water 
filters through to the surrounding communities. Black Wattle is fully 
compliant with the regulatory requirements of the Department of 
Water Affairs and Forestry and has an approved water use licence. 
Black Wattle Colliery has substantially improved its water 
management by erecting and upgrading all its pollution control dams 
in consultation with the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. 
A performance assessment audit was conducted to verify 
compliance to our Environmental Management Programme and no 
significant deviations were found.
EMPLOYEE, SOCIAL, COMMUNITY AND 
HUMAN RIGHTS
The Group’s policy is to attract staff and motivate employees by 
offering competitive terms of employment. The Group provides 
equal opportunities to all employees and prospective employees 
including those who are disabled and operates in compliance with 
all relevant national legislation.
The Group believes that it is in the interest of shareholders to 
consider social and human rights issues when conducting business. 
Various policies and initiatives implemented by the Group that fall 
within these areas are discussed within this report.
ANTI-SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING
The Group is committed to the prevention of the use of forced 
labour and has a zero tolerance policy for human trafficking and 
slavery. 
The Group’s policies and initiatives in this area can be found within 
the Group’s Anti-slavery and human trafficking statement found on 
the Group’s website at www.lap.co.uk. 
EMPLOYMENT AND DIVERSITY
The Board of London & Associated Properties PLC at 31 December 
2024 comprised:
NUMBER OF BOARD 
MEMBERS
PERCENTAGE OF THE 
BOARD
NUMBER OF SENIOR 
POSITIONS ON THE 
BOARD 
NUMBER IN 
EXECUTIVE 
MANAGEMENT
PERCENTAGE 
OF EXECUTIVE 
MANAGEMENT
Men
5
100%
2
3
100%
Women
0
0%
0
0
0%
Not specified/prefer not to say
0
0%
0
0
0%
NUMBER OF BOARD 
MEMBERS
PERCENTAGE OF THE 
BOARD
NUMBER OF SENIOR 
POSITIONS ON THE 
BOARD 
NUMBER IN 
EXECUTIVE 
MANAGEMENT
PERCENTAGE 
OF EXECUTIVE 
MANAGEMENT
White British or other White 
(including minority white groups)
5
100%
2
3
100%
Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups
0
0%
0
0
0%
Asian/Asian British
0
0%
0
0
0%
Black/African/Caribbean/Black British 0
0%
0
0
0%
Other ethnic group, including Arab
0
0%
0
0
0%
The above data has been collected through self-reporting by the 
Board members. Questions asked include gender identity or sex and 
ethnic background. 
The Company notes the diversity targets included in the Listing 
Rules, being:
•	 at least 40% of the individuals on the Board are women;
•	 at least one of the specified senior positions is held by a woman; and
•	 at least one individual on the Board is from a minority ethnic 
background.
At 31 December 2024 the Company did not meet the target that at 
least 40% of the individuals on its board of directors are women and 
at least one of the senior positions on the Board is held by a 
women. Should the Board look to appoint further directors in the 
future, the Company will give due consideration to how it may 
achieve the diversity targets while ensuring the appropriate 
structure of the Board and mix of skills and expertise relevant to the 
Company’s operations. As part of its recruitment processes, the 
Company gives careful consideration to all potential applicants. The 
Company will keep this under ongoing review. The Group is 
committed to improving upon its gender and diversity targets at all 
employment levels within the Group through a required build-up of 
sufficient talent pools, training up of employees and targeted 
recruitment policies. The Company will keep the requirement for a 
formal diversity policy under review and will give serious 
consideration to the adoption of a policy, tailored to the nature of 
the Company’s business, its operations and resources at the 
appropriate point.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 19
STRATEGIC REPORT Corporate responsibility
BISICHI PLC
In terms of directors, employees and gender representation, at the 
year end the Group had 9 directors (8 male and 2 from a minority 
ethnic or HDSA Background, 1 female from a minority ethnic or 
HDSA Background), 6 senior managers (4 male and 2 female all 
from a minority ethnic or HDSA Background) and 201 other 
employees (137 male and 112 from a minority ethnic or HDSA 
Background, 64 female and 61 from a minority ethnic or HDSA 
Background).
The Group’s South African operations are committed to achieving 
the goals of the South African Employment Equity Act and is 
pleased to report the following:
•	 Black Wattle Colliery has exceeded the 10 percent women in 
management and core mining target.
•	 Black Wattle Colliery has achieved over 15 percent women in 
core mining.
•	 95 percent of the women at Black Wattle Colliery are HDSA 
females.
Black Wattle Colliery has successfully submitted their annual 
Employment Equity Report to the Department of Labour. In terms 
of staff training some highlights for 2024 were:
•	 One employee was trained in ABET (Adult Basic Educational 
Training) on various levels 
•	 An additional seven disabled HDSA women continued their 
training on ABET levels one to four
•	 Four HDSA persons were enrolled for apprenticeships in 2024
•	 One HDSA person continued their internships in 2024
•	 Four additional HDSA persons started new internships in 2024
•	 One HDSA Female completed her bursary studies in 2024, while 
two HDSA females continued their bursary studies in 2024
Highlights for 2024 for Sisonke Coal Processing:
•	 One employee was trained in ABET (Adult Basic Educational 
Training) on various levels 
Employment terms and conditions for the employees based at 
Bisichi’s UK office and at their South African mining operations are 
regulated by and are operated in compliance with all relevant 
prevailing national and local legislation. Employment terms and 
conditions provided to mining staff meet or exceed the national 
average. Bisichi’s mining operations and coal washing plant facility 
are labour intensive and unionised. During the year no labour 
disputes, strikes or wage negotiations disrupted production or had a 
significant impact on earnings. Bisichi’s relations to date with labour 
representatives and labour related unions continue to remain strong.
Detailed information relating to the Bisichi Strategic Report is 
available in its 2024 financial statements.
Approved on behalf of the board of directors.
Jonathan Mintz 
Finance Director
29 April 2025

20  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
Directors & advisors
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
John A Heller LLB MBA  
(Chairman and Chief Executive)
Jonathan Mintz FCA  
(Finance Director) 
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 
Clive A Parritt FCA CF FIIA #† 
Clive Parritt joined the board on 1 January 2006. He is a chartered 
accountant with over 40 years’ experience of providing strategic, 
financial and commercial advice to businesses of all sizes. Previously 
he was Group Finance Director of Audiotonix Limited (an 
international manufacturer of audio mixing consoles), he has chaired 
and been a director of a number of other public and private 
companies. Clive Parritt was President of the Institute of Chartered 
Accountants in England and Wales in 2011-12. He is Chairman of 
the Audit Committee and as Senior Independent Director he chairs 
the Nomination and Remuneration Committees.
Robin Priest MA † 
Robin Priest joined the board on 31 July 2013. He is a senior 
advisor to Alvarez & Marsal LLP (“A&M”) and, independently, to 
lenders and insolvency practitioners to assist in restructuring 
situations. He has more than 40 years’ experience in real estate and 
structured finance. He was formerly Managing Director of A&M’s 
real estate practice, advising private sector and public sector clients 
on both operational and financial real estate matters. Prior to joining 
A&M, Robin was lead partner for Real Estate Corporate Finance in 
London with Deloitte LLP and before this he founded and ran a 
property company backed by private equity. The first part of his 
career was spent in commercial and investment banking.
Andrew R Heller MA, ACA 
Andrew Heller joined the board on 29 March 2023. He is a qualified 
Chartered Accountant, serves as Chairman & Managing Director of 
Bisichi PLC and has nearly 30 years’ experience in the mining 
industry.
† 	Member of the audit, remuneration and nomination committees 
# 	Senior independent director 
SECRETARY & REGISTERED OFFICE
Jonathan Mintz FCA 
2nd Floor, 12 Little Portland Street,  
London W1W 8BJ 
AUDITOR
Kreston Reeves LLP 
PRINCIPAL BANKERS
Santander UK plc 
Metro Bank plc 
QIB (UK) plc 
ABSA Bank (South Africa) 
First National Bank (South Africa)
SOLICITORS
Pinsent Masons LLP 
Wake Smith Solicitors Limited
STOCKBROKER
Shore Capital Markets Limited 
REGISTRARS & TRANSFER OFFICE
MUFG Corporate Markets 
Central Square 
29 Wellington Street 
Leeds 
LS1 4DL
UK telephone: 0371 664 0300 
International telephone: +44 371 664 0300
(Calls are charged at the standard geographic rate and will vary by provider. Calls 
outside the United Kingdom will be charged at the applicable international rate). 
Lines are open between 9.00am to 5.30pm, Monday to Friday, 
excluding public holidays in England and Wales. 
Website: https://www.mpms.mufg.com/ 
Email: shareholderenquiries@cm.mpms.mufg.com
Company registration number 
341829 (England and Wales)
WEBSITE
www.lap.co.uk
E-MAIL
admin@lap.co.uk

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 21
GOVERNANCE
Directors’ report
The Directors submit their report and the audited 
financial statements for the year ended 31 
December 2024.
STRATEGIC REPORT
A comprehensive review and assessment of the Group’s activities 
during the year as well as its position at the year end and prospects 
for the forthcoming year are included in the Chairman and Chief 
Executive’s Review and the Strategic Report. These reports can be 
found on pages 2 to 19 and should be read in conjunction with this 
report.
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
The principal activities of the Group during the year were property 
investment and development, as well as investment in joint ventures 
and an associated company. The associated company is Bisichi PLC 
(Bisichi) in which the Company holds a 41.6% interest. Bisichi is 
listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange and 
operates in England and South Africa with subsidiaries which are 
involved in overseas mining and mining investment. The results, 
together with the assets and liabilities, of Bisichi are consolidated 
with those of LAP in accordance with the terms of IFRS 10 even 
though the Group only has a minority interest – under IFRS 10 the 
58.4% majority interest is disclosed as a “non-controlling interest”.
BUSINESS REVIEW AND POST BALANCE SHEET 
EVENTS
A review of the Group’s development and performance can be 
found below and should be read in conjunction with the Strategic 
Report on pages 4 to 19.
Details of any post balance sheet events are disclosed in Note 30 to 
the financial statements.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
The Group continues to look for new opportunities to acquire real 
estate assets where it feels it can increase value by applying its 
intensive management skills. At the same time, it seeks to reduce its 
interest payments on its loans as they expire or where opportunities 
arise to refinance on better terms. We also seek to improve our 
existing estate through the continued pursuit of asset management 
initiatives.
PROPERTY ACTIVITIES
The Group is a long-term investor in property. It acquires properties, 
actively manages those assets to improve rental income, and thus 
seeks to enhance the value of its properties over time. 
In reviewing performance, the principal areas regularly monitored by 
the Group include:
•	 Rental income – the aim of the Group is to maximise the 
maintainable income from each property by careful tenant 
management supported by sympathetic and revenue enhancing 
development. Income may be affected adversely by the inability 
of tenants to pay their rent, but careful monitoring of rent 
collection and tenant quality helps to mitigate this risk. Risk is also 
minimised by a diversified tenant base, which should limit the 
impact of the failure of any individual tenant.
•	 Developments – the Group develops customer-focused spaces 
to generate returns and portfolio income growth above that 
available from standing investments alone.
•	 Cash flow – allowing for voids, acquisitions, development 
expenditure, disposals and the impact of operating costs and 
interest charges, the Group aims to maintain a positive cash flow 
over time.
• 	Financing costs – the exposure of the Group to interest rate 
movements is managed partly by the use of swap and cap 
arrangements, where appropriate (see Note 22 for full details of 
the contracts in place) and also by using loans with fixed terms 
and interest rates. These arrangements are designed to ensure 
that our interest costs are known in advance and are always 
covered by anticipated rental income.
•	 Property valuations – market sentiment and economic conditions 
have a direct effect on property valuations, which can vary 
significantly (upwards or downwards) over time. Bearing in mind 
the long term nature of the Group’s business, valuation changes 
have little direct effect on the ongoing activities or the income 
and expenditure of the Group. Tenants generally have long term 
leases, so rents are unaffected by short term valuation changes. 
Borrowings are secured against property values and if those 
values fall very significantly, this could limit the ability of the 
Group to develop the business using external borrowings. The 
risk is minimised by trying to ensure that there is adequate cover 
to allow for fluctuations in value on a short term basis. 
It continues to be the policy of the Group to realise property assets 
when the valuation of those assets reaches a level at which the 
directors consider that the long-term rental yield has been reached. 
The Group also seeks to acquire additional property investments on 
an opportunistic basis when the potential rental yields offer scope 
for future growth.
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
The investments in joint ventures and Bisichi are for the long term.
LAP manages the UK property assets of Bisichi. However, the 
principal activity of Bisichi is overseas mining investment (in South 
Africa). While IFRS 10 requires the consolidation of Bisichi, the 
investment is held to generate income and capital growth over the 
longer term. It is managed independently of LAP and should be 
viewed by shareholders as an investment and not a subsidiary. The 
other listed investments are held as current assets to provide the 
liquidity needed to support the property activities while generating 
income and capital growth. 
Investments in property are made through joint ventures when the 
financing alternatives and spreading of risk make such an approach 
desirable. 
DIVIDEND
In the light of the current uncertain economic environment, the 
directors are not recommending payment of a final dividend for 
2024 (2023: Nil per share). 

22  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Directors’ report
THE COMPANY’S ORDINARY SHARES HELD IN 
TREASURY
At 31 December 2024, 216,715 (2023: 216,715) ordinary shares 
were held in Treasury with a market value of £20,046 (2023: 
£27,089).
Treasury shares held at 1 January 2024 
and 31 December 2024
216,715
No shares (2023: nil) were issued to employees in the year in place 
of cash for dividends associated with shares held within the share 
incentive plan.
Treasury shares are not included in issued share capital for the 
purposes of calculating earnings per share or net assets per share 
and they do not qualify for dividends payable.
PROPERTIES
The freehold and long leasehold investment properties of the 
Company, its subsidiaries, Dragon and Bisichi were revalued as at 31 
December 2024 by independent professional firms of chartered 
surveyors – Allsop LLP, London (71.2 per cent of the portfolio), 
Carter Towler, Leeds (28.8 per cent). The valuations, which are 
reflected in the financial statements, amount to £37.4 million (2023: 
£35.1 million). 
Taking account of prevailing market conditions, there was a £1.8 
million increase in the valuation of the properties at 31 December 
2024 (2023: decrease of £0.1 million). The proportion of this 
revaluation attributable to the Group (net of taxation) is reflected in 
the consolidated income statement and the consolidated balance 
sheet.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
Note 22 to the financial statements sets out the risks in respect of 
financial instruments. The board reviews and agrees overall treasury 
policies, delegating appropriate authority for applying these policies 
to the Chief Executive and Finance Director. Financial instruments 
are used to manage the financial risks facing the Group and 
speculative transactions are prohibited. Treasury operations are 
reported at each board meeting and are subject to weekly internal 
reporting. Hedging arrangements are used when appropriate by the 
Company, its subsidiaries and joint ventures in order to limit the 
effect of higher interest rates upon the Group. Where appropriate, 
hedging arrangements are covered in the Chairman and Chief 
Executive’s Statement and the Financial Review. 
DIRECTORS
J A Heller, J Mintz, C A Parritt , R Priest and A R Heller were 
Directors of the company for the whole of 2024. 
H D Goldring, was a Director of the company until his retirement 
on 1 July 2024.
J Mintz is retiring by rotation at the Annual General Meeting in 
2025 and offers himself for re-election. 
Jonathan Mintz has been a Director since 2019 and is also the 
Company Secretary. He has a contract of employment determinable 
upon three months’ notice. Jonathan Mintz is an ACA qualified 
Finance Director experienced in real estate, consultancy, and 
construction in the UK and internationally. He has worked in the 
property and infrastructure sector for the majority of his career, 
holding senior positions with listed and private property and 
construction businesses. The board has considered the re-
appointment of Jonathan Mintz and recommends his re-election as 
a director.
DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS 
The interests of the Directors in the ordinary shares of the 
Company, including family and trustee holdings, where appropriate, 
can be found on page 29 in the Annual Remuneration Report. 
Substantial shareholdings 
31 DEC 2024
31 DEC 2023
NO.
%
NO.
%
Heller family
48,080,880
56.35 48,080,880
56.35
Stonehage Fleming 
Investment 
Management Ltd
7,513,214
8.81
7,513,214
8.81
James Hyslop
5,136,258
6.02
5,136,258
6.02
Maland Pension 
Fund
3,000,000 
3.52 3,000,000
3.52
The Company does not consider that the Heller family has a 
controlling share interest irrespective of the number of shares held 
as no individual party holds a majority and there is no legal 
obligation for shareholders to act in concert. The Directors do not 
consider that any single party has control.
The Company is not aware of any other holdings exceeding 3 per 
cent of the issued share capital.
SHARE CAPITAL AND TAKEOVER DIRECTIVE
The Company has one class of share capital, namely ordinary shares. 
Each ordinary share carries one vote. All the ordinary shares rank 
pari passu. There are no securities issued by the Company which 
carry special rights with regard to control of the Company. 
The identity of all significant direct or indirect holders of securities 
in the Company and the size and nature of their holdings is shown 
in “Substantial Shareholdings” above.
The rights of the ordinary shares to which the HMRC approved 
Share Incentive Plan relates are exercisable by the trustees on 
behalf of the employees.
There are no restrictions on voting rights or on the transfer of 
ordinary shares in the Company, save in respect of treasury shares. 
The rules governing the appointment and replacement of Directors, 
alteration of the articles of association of the Company and the 
powers of the Company’s Directors accord with usual English 
company law provisions. Each Director is subject to re-election at 
least every three years. 
The Company is not party to any significant agreements that take 
effect, alter or terminate upon a change of control of the Company 
following a takeover bid. The Company is not aware of any 
agreements between holders of its ordinary shares that may result 
in restrictions on the transfer of its ordinary shares or on voting 
rights.
There are no agreements between the Company and its Directors or 
employees providing for compensation for loss of office or 
employment that occurs because of a takeover bid.
STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF 
INFORMATION TO THE AUDITOR
The Directors in office at the date of approval of the financial 
statements have confirmed that, so far as they are aware, there is 
no relevant audit information of which the auditor is unaware. Each 
of the Directors has confirmed that they have taken all the steps 
that they ought to have taken as a Director in order to make them 
aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that it has 
been communicated to the auditor.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 23
GOVERNANCE Directors’ report
INDEMNITIES AND INSURANCE 
The Articles of Association of the company provide for it to 
indemnify, to the extent permitted by law, directors and officers 
(excluding the Auditor) of the company, including officers of 
subsidiaries and associated companies, against liabilities arising from 
the conduct of the Group’s business. The indemnities are qualifying 
third party indemnity provisions of the Companies Act 2006 and 
each of these qualifying third party indemnities was in force during 
the course of the financial year ended 31 December 2024 and as at 
the date of this Directors’ report. No amount has been paid under 
any of these indemnities during the year.
The Group maintains Directors and Officers insurance, which is 
reviewed annually and is considered to be adequate by the 
Company and its insurance advisers.
DONATIONS
No political donations were made during the year (2023: £Nil). 
No donations for charitable purposes were made during the year 
(2023: £Nil).
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Environment
The environmental considerations of the group’s South African coal 
mining operations are covered in the Bisichi PLC Strategic Report.
The group’s UK activities are principally property investment 
whereby premises are provided for rent to commercial businesses. 
The group seeks to provide those tenants with good quality 
premises from which they can operate in an efficient and 
environmentally efficient manner and waste re-cycling arrangements 
are in place at all the company’s locations.
Greenhouse gas emissions
Details of the group’s greenhouse gas emissions for the year ended 
31 December 2024 can be found on page 17 of the Strategic Report.
Employment
The group’s policy is to attract staff and motivate employees by 
offering competitive terms of employment. The group provides 
equal opportunities to all employees and prospective employees 
including those who are disabled. The Bisichi PLC Strategic Report 
gives details of the Bisichi group’s activities and policies concerning 
the employment, training, health and safety and community support 
and social development concerning the Bisichi group’s employees in 
South Africa.
Section 172 statement
This is contained within the Strategic Report on page 8.
GOING CONCERN
The directors have reviewed the cash flow forecasts of the Group 
and the underlying assumptions on which they are based. The 
Group’s business activities, together with the factors likely to affect 
its future development, are set out in the Chairman’s Statement and 
Chief Executive’s Review and in the Financial and Performance 
Review. In addition, note 22 to the financial statements sets out the 
Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing its capital; 
its financial risk management objectives; details of its financial 
instruments and hedging activities; and its exposure to credit risk 
and liquidity risk.
With secured banking facilities, sound financial resources, low void 
rates and long term leases in place the Directors believe it remains 
appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in 
preparing the annual financial statements.
The Bisichi directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting in preparing the Bisichi annual financial statements.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Corporate governance report can be found on pages 24 and 25 
of the annual report and accounts.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
The Annual General Meeting will be held at 6 Babmaes Street, 
London SW1Y 6HD on Monday 16 June 2025 at 10.30 a.m. Items 
1 to 6 will be proposed as ordinary resolutions. More than 50 per 
cent. of shareholders’ votes cast at the meeting must be in favour 
for those ordinary resolutions to be passed. The Directors consider 
that all of the resolutions to be put to the meeting are in the best 
interests of the Company and its shareholders as a whole and 
accordingly the board unanimously recommends that shareholders 
vote in favour of all of the resolutions as the Directors intend to do 
in respect of their own beneficial holdings of ordinary shares. Please 
note that the following paragraphs are only summaries of certain of 
the resolutions to be proposed at the Annual General Meeting and 
do not represent the full text of the resolutions. You should 
therefore read this section in conjunction with the full text of the 
resolutions contained in the notice of Annual General Meeting 
which accompanies this Directors’ Report.
ORDINARY RESOLUTIONS
Resolution 6 – Authority to allot securities
Paragraph 6.1.1 of Resolution 6 would give the Directors the 
authority to allot shares in the Company and grant rights to 
subscribe for or convert any security into shares in the Company up 
to an aggregate nominal value of £2,844,200. This represents 
approximately 1/3 (one third) of the ordinary share capital of the 
Company in issue (excluding treasury shares) as at 25 April 2025 
(being the last practicable date prior to the publication of this 
Directors’ Report).
In line with guidance issued by the Institutional Voting Information 
Service (IVIS), paragraph 6.1.2 of Resolution 6 would give the 
directors the authority to allot shares in the Company and grant 
rights to subscribe for or convert any security into shares in the 
Company up to a further aggregate nominal value of £2,844,200, in 
connection with an offer by way of a rights issue. This amount 
represents approximately another 1/3 (one third) of the ordinary 
share capital of the Company in issue (excluding treasury shares) as 
at 25 April 2025 (being the last practicable date prior to the 
publication of this Directors’ Report).
The Directors’ authority will expire on the earlier of 31 August 2026 
or the next AGM. The Directors do not currently intend to make use 
of this authority. However, if they do exercise the authority, the 
Directors intend to follow best practice as recommended by the 
IVIS regarding its use (including as regards the Directors standing for 
re-election in certain cases).
OTHER MATTERS
Kreston Reeves LLP has acted as auditor throughout the year and 
has expressed its willingness to continue in office. A proposal will be 
made at the Annual General Meeting for its reappointment.
By order of the board 
Jonathan Mintz 
Secretary
For and on behalf of London & Associated Properties PLC 
2nd Floor, 12 Little Portland Street 
London, W1W 8BJ 

24  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
Corporate Governance
The Company has adopted the Corporate 
Governance Code for Small and Mid-Size Quoted 
Companies (the QCA Code) published by the 
Quoted Companies Alliance. The QCA Code 
provides governance guidance to small and mid-
size quoted companies. The paragraphs below set 
out how the Company has applied this guidance 
during the year. The Company has complied with 
the QCA Code throughout the year. 
PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The board promotes good corporate governance in the areas of risk 
management and accountability as a positive contribution to 
business prosperity. The board endeavours to apply corporate 
governance principles in a sensible and pragmatic fashion having 
regard to the circumstances of the business. The key objective is to 
enhance and protect shareholder value.
BOARD STRUCTURE
During the year the board comprised the Chairman and Chief 
Executive, one other executive Director and three non-executive 
Directors. Their details appear on page 20. The board is responsible 
to shareholders for the proper management of the Group.
The Directors’ responsibilities statement in respect of the accounts 
is set out on page 35. The non-executive Directors have a particular 
responsibility to ensure that the strategies proposed by the executive 
Directors are fully considered. To enable the board to discharge its 
duties, all Directors have full and timely access to all relevant 
information and there is a procedure for all Directors, in furtherance 
of their duties, to take independent professional advice, if necessary, 
at the expense of the Group. The board has a formal schedule of 
matters reserved to it and normally has eleven regular meetings 
scheduled each year. Additional meetings are held for special 
business when required. 
The board is responsible for overall Group strategy, approval of 
major capital expenditure and consideration of significant financial 
and operational matters.
The role of Chairman and Chief Executive is held jointly by John Heller. 
The Board consider this to be appropriate given the size of the business 
and the additional cost of appointing a separate Chair. The separation 
of these roles is not a core principal of the QCA.
The board committees, which have written terms of reference, deal 
with specific aspects of the Group’s affairs: 
•	 The nomination committee is chaired by C A Parritt and 
comprises one other non-executive Director and the executive 
Chairman. The committee is responsible for proposing candidates 
for appointment to the board, having regard to the balance and 
structure of the board. In appropriate cases recruitment 
consultants may be used to assist the process. All Directors are 
subject to re-election at a maximum of every three years.
•	 The remuneration committee is responsible for making 
recommendations to the board on the Company’s framework of 
executive remuneration and its cost. The committee determines 
the contract terms, remuneration and other benefits for each of 
the executive directors, including performance related bonus 
schemes, pension rights, option grants and compensation 
payments. The board itself determines the remuneration of the 
non-executive Directors. The committee comprises two non-
executive Directors and it is chaired by C A Parritt. The executive 
Chairman of the board is normally invited to attend. The Annual 
Remuneration Report is set out on pages 27 to 31.
•	 The audit committee comprises two non-executive Directors and 
is chaired by C A Parritt. The audit committee report, with its 
terms of reference, is set out on page 34. The Chief Executive 
and Finance Director are normally invited to attend.
BOARD AND BOARD COMMITTEE MEETINGS 
HELD IN 2024
The number of regular meetings during the year and attendance 
was as follows:
MEETINGS 
HELD
MEETINGS 
ATTENDED
J A Heller* 
Board
Audit committee
Nomination committee
Remuneration committee
10
2
2
1
10
2
2
1
J Mintz* 
Board
Audit committee
Remuneration committee
10
2
1
10
2
1
C A Parritt
Board
Audit committee
Nomination committee
Remuneration committee
10
2
2
1
10
2
2
1
H D Goldring 
(resigned  
30 June 2024)
Board
Audit committee
Nomination committee
Remuneration committee
6
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
R Priest
Board
Audit committee
Nomination committee
Remuneration committee
10
2
2
1
10
1
2
1
A Heller
Board
10
9
*Attended audit & remuneration committees by invitation.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 25
GOVERNANCE Corporate Governance
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION – BOARD, 
BOARD COMMITTEES AND DIRECTORS
The performance of the board as a whole, its committees and the 
non-executive Directors is assessed by the Chairman and the Chief 
Executive and is discussed with the senior independent non-
executive Director. Their recommendations are discussed at the 
nomination committee prior to proposals for re-election being 
recommended to the board. The performance of executive 
Directors is discussed and assessed by the remuneration committee. 
The senior independent Director meets regularly with the Chairman, 
executive and non-executive Directors individually outside of formal 
meetings. The Directors will take outside advice in reviewing 
performance but have not found this to be necessary to date.
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
The senior independent non-executive Director is C A Parritt. The 
other non-executive Directors are R Priest and A R Heller. R Priest 
provides services to the Company on a fee paying basis. C A Parritt 
also provides some advisory services as part of his accounting 
practice.
The board encourages all non-executive Directors to act 
independently and does not consider that length of service of any 
individual non-executive Director has resulted in the inability or 
failure to act independently. In the opinion of the board C A Parritt 
and R Priest continue to fulfil their roles as independent non-
executive Directors. The background and skills of all non-executive 
directors are set out on page 20.
The Directors are responsible for the Group’s system of internal 
control and for reviewing its effectiveness at least annually, and for 
the preparation and review of its financial statements. The board 
has designed the Group’s system of internal control in order to 
provide the Directors with reasonable assurance that assets are 
safeguarded, that transactions are authorised and properly recorded 
and that material errors and irregularities are either prevented or 
would be detected within a timely period. However, no system of 
internal control can eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business 
objectives or provide absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss. The key elements of the control system in 
operation are:
•	 The board meets regularly on full notice with a formal schedule of 
matters reserved for its decision and has put in place an 
organisational structure with clearly defined lines of responsibility 
and with appropriate delegation of authority;
•	 There are established procedures for planning, approval and 
monitoring of capital expenditure and information systems for 
monitoring the Group’s financial performance against approved 
budgets and forecasts;
•	 The responsible executives are required regularly to undertake a 
full assessment process to identify and quantify the risks that face 
the functional activities for which they are responsible and assess 
the adequacy of the prevention, monitoring and modification 
practices in place for those risks. In addition, regular reports about 
significant risks and associated control and monitoring procedures 
are made to the executive Directors. The process adopted by the 
Group accords with the guidance contained in the document 
“Internal Control Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code” 
issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and 
Wales. The audit committee receives reports from external 
auditors and from executive Directors of the Group. During the 
period the audit committee has reviewed the effectiveness of the 
system of internal control as described above. The board receives 
periodic reports from all committees.
• 	There are established procedures for the presentation and review 
of the financial statements and the Group has in place an 
organisational structure with clearly defined lines of responsibility 
and with appropriate delegation of authority.
There are no internal control issues to report in the annual report 
and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. Up 
to the date of approval of this report and the financial statements, 
the board has not been required to deal with any related material 
internal control issues. The Directors confirm that the board has 
reviewed the effectiveness of the system of internal control as 
described during the period.
COMMUNICATION WITH SHAREHOLDERS
Prompt communication with shareholders is given high priority. 
Extensive information about the Group and its activities is provided 
in the Annual Report. In addition, a half-year report is produced for 
each financial year and published on the Company’s website. The 
Company’s website www.lap.co.uk is updated promptly with 
announcements and Annual Reports upon publication. Copies from 
previous years are also available on the website. 
The share price history and market information can be found at 
https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/LAS/london-
associated-properties-plc/company-page. The company code is LAS. 
There is a regular dialogue with the Company’s stockbrokers and 
institutional investors. Enquiries from individuals on matters relating 
to their shareholdings and the business of the Group are dealt with 
promptly and informatively.
The Company’s website is under continuous development to enable 
better communication with both existing and potential new 
shareholders. 
THE BRIBERY ACT 2010
The Company is committed to acting ethically, fairly and with 
integrity in all its endeavours and compliance with the Company’s 
anti–bribery code is monitored closely. 

26  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
Governance statement by the  
Chairman of the remuneration committee
The remuneration committee is pleased to present 
its report for the year ended 31 December 2024. 
The report is presented in two parts in accordance 
with the remuneration regulations.
The first part is the Annual Remuneration Report which details 
remuneration awarded to Directors and non-executive Directors 
during the year. The shareholders will be asked to approve the 
Annual Remuneration Report as an ordinary resolution (as in 
previous years) at the AGM in June 2025
The second part is the Remuneration Policy which details the 
remuneration policy for Directors, and it can be found at www.lap.
co.uk.
The current remuneration policy was subject to a binding vote 
which was approved by shareholders at the AGM in June 2024. The 
approval will continue to apply for a 3-year period commencing 
from then. The committee reviewed the existing policy and deemed 
that no changes were necessary to the current arrangements.
Both reports have been prepared in accordance with The Large and 
Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) 
(Amendment) Regulations 2013.
The Company’s auditor, Kreston Reeves LLP is required by law to 
audit certain disclosures and where disclosures have been audited 
that is indicated in the independent auditor’s report.
C A Parritt 
Chairman, Remuneration Committee
29 April 2025

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 27
GOVERNANCE
Annual remuneration report
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION HAS BEEN AUDITED 
Single total figure of remuneration for the year ended 31 December 2024 
SALARY 
AND FEES
£’000
BONUSES
£’000
BENEFITS
£’000
LONG TERM 
INCENTIVE 
AWARDS
£’000
PENSIONS
£’000
TOTAL 
2024
£’000 
TOTAL FIXED 
REMUNERA-
TION
£’000 
TOTAL  
VARIABLE 
REMUNERA-
TION 
£’000 
Executive Directors
J A Heller*
364
-
45
-
36
445
445
-
J A Heller - Bisichi
-
-
9
-
-
9
9
-
J Mintz
187
70
14
-
18
289
219
70
551
70
68
-
54
743
673
70
Non-executive Directors
H D Goldring*+
9
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
C A Parritt*+
38
-
-
-
-
38
38
-
R Priest*
35
-
-
-
-
35
35
-
A R Heller*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A R Heller - Bisichi
850
250
50
-
85
1,235
985
250
932
250
50
85
1,317
1,067
250
Total 
1,483
320
118
-
139
2,060
1,740
320
J A Heller has an entitlement to an employer pension contribution of £35,995 for 2024 (2023: £33,075). He has elected for this not to be 
paid at this time. 
Single total figure of remuneration for the year ended 31 December 2023 
SALARY  
AND FEES
£’000
BONUSES
£’000
BENEFITS
£’000
LONG TERM 
INCENTIVES
AWARDS
£’000
PENSIONS
£’000 
TOTAL 
2023
£’000 
TOTAL FIXED 
REMUNERA-
TION
£’000 
TOTAL  
VARIABLE 
REMUNERA-
TION 
£’000 
Executive Directors
Sir Michael Heller*
1
-
7
-
-
8
8
-
Sir Michael Heller - 
Bisichi
17
-
-
-
-
17
17
-
J A Heller
558
-
45
-
36
639
639
-
J A Heller – Bisichi
-
-
9
-
-
9
9
-
J Mintz
179
70
13
-
17
279
209
70
755
70
74
-
53
952
882
70
Non-executive Directors
H D Goldring+
18
-
-
-
-
18
18
-
C A Parritt*+
38
-
-
-
-
38
38
-
R Priest*+
35
-
-
-
-
35
35
-
A R Heller
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A R Heller - Bisichi
850
-
50
-
85
985
985
-
941
-
50
-
85
1,076
1,076
-
Total 
1,696
70
124
-
138
2,028
1,958
70
*	 Note 26 “Related party transactions”
+ 	Members of the remuneration committee. C A Parrit was chair of the remuneration committee throughout 2023 and 2024. H D Goldring was a member of the 
remuneration committtee until his resignation on 30 June 2024. R Priest was appointed to the remuneration committee on 30 January 2024.

28  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Annual remuneration report
Summary of directors’ terms
DATE OF CONTRACT
UNEXPIRED TERM
NOTICE PERIOD
Executive Directors
John Heller
1 May 2003
Continuous
12 months
Jonathan Mintz
11 February 2019
Continuous
3 months
Non-executive Directors
H D Goldring (Resigned 30/06/24)
1 July 1992
Continuous
3 months
C A Parritt
1 January 2006
Continuous
3 months
R Priest
31 July 2013
Continuous
3 months
A R Heller
29 March 2023
Continuous
3 months
TOTAL PENSION ENTITLEMENTS 
Two directors had benefits under money purchase schemes. Under 
his contract of employment, one Director was entitled to a regular 
employer contribution (currently £18,226 a year). Under his contract 
of employment, the other Director was entitled to a regular 
employer contribution (currently £34,067 a year) but has elected to 
defer the payment into his pension scheme. There are no final salary 
schemes in operation. No pension costs are incurred on behalf of 
non-executive Directors. There are no additional benefits payable to 
any Director in the event of early retirement.
SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN (SIP)
In 2006 the Directors set up an HMRC approved share incentive plan 
(SIP). The purpose of the plan, which is open to all eligible LAP executive 
Directors and head office based staff, is to enable them to acquire 
shares in the Company and give them a continuing stake in the Group. 
The SIP comprises four types of share – (1) free shares under which 
the Company may award shares of up to the value of £3,000 each 
year, (2) partnership shares, under which members may save up to 
£1,500 per annum to acquire shares, (3) matching shares, through 
which the Company may award up to two shares for each share 
acquired as a partnership share, and (4) dividend shares, acquired 
from dividends paid on shares within the SIP.
1. Free shares: No free shares were issued in 2023 or 2024. 
2. Partnership shares: No partnership shares were issued in 2023 
or 2024.
3. Matching shares: The partnership share agreements for the year 
to 31 October 2024 provide for two matching shares to be 
awarded free of charge for each partnership share acquired. 
	 No partnership shares were acquired in 2024 (2023: nil). 
Matching shares will usually be forfeited if a member leaves 
employment in the Group within five years of their grant.
4. Dividend shares: Dividends on shares acquired under the SIP will 
be utilised to acquire additional shares. Accumulated dividends 
received on shares in the SIP to 31 December 2024 amounted to 
£nil (2023: £nil). None of the Directors received dividend shares 
during the year (2023: nil shares).
The SIP is set up as an employee benefit trust. The trustee is 
London & Associated Securities Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary 
of LAP, and all shares and dividends acquired under the SIP will be 
held by the trustee until transferred to members in accordance with 
the rules of the SIP. 
SHARE OPTION SCHEMES
The Company has an HMRC approved scheme (Approved Scheme). 
It was set up in 1986 in accordance with HMRC rules to gain HMRC 
approved status which gave the members certain tax advantages. 
There are no performance criteria for the exercise of options under 
the Approved Scheme, as this was set up before such requirements 
were considered to be necessary. No Director has any options 
outstanding under the Approved Scheme nor were any options 
granted under the Approved Scheme for the year ended 31 
December 2024.
A share option scheme known as the “Non-approved Executive 
Share Option Scheme” (Unapproved Scheme) which does not have 
HMRC approval was set up during 2000. At 31 December 2024 
there were no options to subscribe for ordinary shares outstanding. 
The exercise of options under the Unapproved Scheme is subject to 
the satisfaction of objective performance conditions specified by 
the remuneration committee which conforms to institutional 
shareholder guidelines and best practice provisions. Further details 
of this scheme are set out in Note 24 “Share Capital” to the financial 
statements.
PAYMENTS TO PAST DIRECTORS 
No payments were made to past Directors in the year ended 31 
December 2024 (2023: none).
PAYMENTS FOR LOSS OF OFFICE
No payments for loss of office were made in the year ended 31 
December 2024 (2023: none). 
Benefits include the provision of car, health and other insurance and 
subscriptions.
JA Heller and AR Heller are interested in a number of private 
property companies that receive services from the Company’s 
property agents – see Note 26 to the financial statements “Related 
party transactions”.
J A Heller is a director of Dragon Retail Properties Limited, (a 
subsidiary for IFRS 10 purposes) and received benefits from that 
company of £10,793 (2023: £10,404) for services. This is included 
in the remuneration figures disclosed above. 
In March 2023, J A Heller became a non-executive director of 
Bisichi PLC (a subsidiary for IFRS 10 purposes) and received a 
benefit from that company of £9,333 (2023: £9,333). He didn’t 
receive any other remuneration or a bonus from Bisichi PLC.
The remuneration figures for C A Parritt include fees paid to his 
accountancy practice for consultancy services provided to the 
Group. This is detailed in Note 26 to the financial statements.
R Priest provides consultancy services to the Group. This is detailed 
in Note 26 to the financial statements.
A R Heller, who is the Chairman & Managing Director of Bisichi PLC, 
(a subsidiary for IFRS 10 purposes) became a non-executive director 
of LAP on 29 March 2023 but he did not receive any remuneration 
from LAP during 2024.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 29
GOVERNANCE Annual remuneration report
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ SHAREHOLDINGS AND SHARE INTERESTS
Directors’ interests
The interests of the Directors in the ordinary shares of the Company, including family and trustee holdings, where appropriate, were as 
follows:
BENEFICIAL  
INTERESTS
NON-BENEFICIAL 
INTERESTS
31 DEC 24
1 JAN 24
31 DEC 24
1 JAN 24
J A Heller 
1,872,410
1,872,410
19,277,931
19,277,931
J Mintz
100,000
100,000
-
-
H D Goldring *
n/a
19,819 
-
-
C A Parritt 
36,168
36,168
-
-
R Priest
-
-
-
-
A R Heller
816,874
816,874
#19,277,931
#19,277,931
* Resigned 30 June 2024
# These non-beneficial holdings are duplicated with those of J A Heller.
The beneficial holdings of Directors shown above include their interests in the Share Incentive Plan.
No share awards were made to the Directors in the year, and accordingly no discretion was exercised in determining any award or bonus 
payment as a result of any share price appreciation.
There are no requirements or guidelines for any Director to own shares in the Company.
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS UNAUDITED:
The graph illustrates the Company’s performance as compared with a broad equity market index over a five year period. Performance is 
measured by total shareholder return. The directors have chosen the FTSE All Share – Total Return Index as a suitable index for this 
comparison as it gives an indication of performance against a large spread of quoted companies. 
The middle market price of London & Associated Properties PLC ordinary shares at 31 December 2024 was 9.25p (2023: 12.5p). During 
the year the share middle market price ranged between 13.5p and 9.25p. 
Total Shareholder Return
      London & Associated Properties
        FTSE All Share Index
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Jan 20
Mar 20
May 20
Jul 20
Sep 20
Nov 20
Jan 21
Mar 21
May 21
Jul 21
Sep 21
Nov 21
Jan 22
Mar 22
May 22
Jul 22
Sep 22
Nov 22
Jan 23
Mar 23
May 23
Jul 23
Sep 23
Nov 23
Jan 24
Mar 24
May 24
Jul 24
Sep 24
Nov 24

30  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Annual remuneration report
REMUNERATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS 
YEAR
CEO
CHIEF EXECUTIVE SINGLE  
TOTAL FIGURE OF  
REMUNERATION 
£’000
ANNUAL BONUS PAYMENT
AGAINST MAXIMUM 
OPPORTUNITY*
%
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE 
VESTING RATES 
AGAINST MAXIMUM 
OPPORTUNITY*
%
2024
J A Heller
453
0%
n/a
2023
J A Heller
648
0%
n/a
2022
J A Heller
628
0%
n/a
2021
J A Heller
590
0%
n/a
2020
J A Heller
418
0%
n/a
2019
J A Heller
648
0%
n/a
2018
J A Heller
870
20%
n/a
2017
J A Heller
487
11%
n/a
2016
J A Heller
569
18%
n/a
2015
J A Heller
762
41%
n/a
*There were no formal criteria or conditions to apply in determining the amount of bonus payable or the number of shares to be issued prior to 2014.
Considering the prevailing economic situation at the time the Chief Executive did not draw £185,000 (35%) of his salary in 2020 & 2024.
PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EXECUTIVE AND NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR REMUNERATION (AUDITED) 
The table below shows the percentage change in remuneration of the Directors undertaking the role of Chief Executive Officer, Finance 
Director and Non-Executive Directors, and the average of the Company's colleagues in London & Associated Properties PLC on a full-time 
equivalent basis.
The values in column 'a' represent the percentage change in salary & fees; values in column 'b' represent the percentage change in taxable 
benefits; and values in column 'c' represent the percentage change in bonus outcomes for performance periods in respect of each financial 
year. Where increases are infinite relative to the preceding year, we have shown them as 100% for illustration. Where a director was 
appointed or retired part-way through the year, we have annualized pay, except for one-time items. Where comparison to the prior year is 
not possible, we have used dashes.
2024vs2023
2023vs2022
2022vs2021
2021vs2020
2020vs2019
Percentage change for:
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
Executive Directors: 
 
 
 
 
 
J A Heler
(37%)
(2%)
0%
0%
42%
0%
5%
52%
0%
53%
(38%)
0%
(35%)
(7%)
0%
J Mintz
5%
8%
0%
7%
30%
0%
5%
25%
40%
0% 100% 100%
12%
0% (100%)
Non Executive Directors:
H D Goldring
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% (100%)
0%
0%
18%
0%
0%
22%
0%
C A Parritt
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
R Priest
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
A R Heller
0%
0%
0%
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Colleague Pay:
5%
(22%)
0%
7%
0%
8%
5%
0%
15%
0%
0% 100%
6%
1% (100%)
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SPEND ON PAY
The total expenditure of the Group on remuneration to all employees (Note 27 refers) is shown below:
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Employee Remuneration
9,098
8,860
Distributions to shareholders
0
0

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 31
GOVERNANCE Annual remuneration report
SHAREHOLDER VOTING
At the Annual General Meeting on 26 June 2024, there was an advisory vote on the resolution to approve the Remuneration Report, other 
than the part containing the remuneration policy.
In addition, on 9 June 2023, there was a binding vote on the resolution to approve the Remuneration Policy. The results are detailed below:
% OF VOTES  
FOR 
% OF VOTES  
AGAINST 
NUMBER OF 
VOTES 
WITHHELD
Resolution to approve the Remuneration Report (26 June 2024)
98.90
1.10
27,265
Resolution to approve the Remuneration Policy (9 June 2023)
94.20 
5.80 
2,452,265
STATEMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF 
REMUNERATION POLICY
The policy was approved at the AGM in June 2023 and was 
effective from 1 August 2023. The vote on the remuneration policy 
is binding in nature. The Company may not then make a 
remuneration payment or payment for loss of office to a person 
who is, is to be, or has been a director of the Company unless that 
payment is consistent with the approved remuneration policy, or 
has otherwise been approved by a resolution of members. During 
the year there were no deviations from the procedure for the 
implementation of the remuneration policy as set out in the policy.
CONSIDERATION BY THE DIRECTORS OF 
MATTERS RELATING TO DIRECTORS’ 
REMUNERATION
The Remuneration Committee considered the executive Directors’ 
remuneration and the Board considered the non-executive 
Directors’ remuneration in the year ended 31 December 2024. 
During the year under review:
•	 There were no major decisions on Directors’ remuneration
•	 There were no substantial changes to Directors’ remuneration
•	 There was no discretion which has been exercised in the award of 
Directors’ remuneration
The Company did not engage any consultants to provide advice or 
services to materially assist the remuneration committee’s 
considerations.

32  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
Remuneration policy summary
The remuneration policy summary below is an extract 
of the group’s current remuneration policy on directors’ 
remuneration (excluding Bisichi PLC), which was 
approved by a binding vote at the 2023 AGM. The 
approved policy took effect from 9 June 2023. 
A copy of the full policy can be found at www.lap.co.uk.
POLICY TABLE
ELEMENT
PURPOSE
POLICY
Executive directors
Base salary 
To recognise:
Skills  
Responsibility 
Accountability  
Experience 
Value
Considered by remuneration committee on appointment
Set at a level considered appropriate to attract, retain, motivate  
and reward the right individuals
Pension 
To provide competitive 
retirement benefits
Company contribution offered at up to 10% of base salary as part  
of overall remuneration package
Benefits 
To provide a competitive 
benefits package
Contractual benefits include:
Car or car allowance 
Group health cover 
Death in service cover 
Permanent health insurance
Annual  
bonus
To reward and incentivise
In assessing the performance of the executive team, and in particular  
to determine whether bonuses are merited the remuneration committee takes into 
account the overall performance of the business, as well as individual contribution to the 
business in the period
Share  
options 
To provide executive 
directors with 
a long-term interest in  
the company
Where it is necessary to attract, retain, motivate and reward the right individuals, the 
directors may establish new schemes to replace any expired schemes
Share incentive 
plan (SIP)
To offer a shorter term 
incentive in the company 
and to give directors a 
stake in  
the group
Offered to executive directors and head office staff
Non-executive directors 
Base salary
To recognise:
Skills 
Responsibility 
Experience 
Risk 
Value
Considered by the board on appointment
Set at a level considered appropriate to attract, retain and motivate  
the individual 
Experience and time required for the role are considered on appointment
Pension
No pension offered
Benefits
No benefits offered except in exchange for sacrificing fees. 
Share options
Non-executive directors do not participate in the share option schemes
Notes to the Remuneration Policy
The remuneration committee considers the performance 
measures outlined in the table above to be appropriate 
measures of performance and that the KPIs chosen align the 
interests of the directors and shareholders

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 33
GOVERNANCE Remuneration policy summary
In setting the policy, the Remuneration Committee has taken the 
following into account:
•	 The need to attract, retain and motivate individuals of a calibre who 
will ensure successful leadership and management of the company
•	 The LAP Group’s general aim of seeking to reward all employees 
fairly according to the nature of their role and their performance
•	 Remuneration packages offered to similar companies within the 
same sector
•	 The need to align the interests of shareholders as a whole with 
the long-term growth of the Group; and
•	 The need to be flexible and adjust with operational changes 
throughout the term of this policy
In addition to the entitlements set out above, Bisichi PLC, which is 
treated as a subsidiary of the Group under the Companies Act 
2006, shall be entitled to pay, and any executive director of Bisichi 
PLC who is also a director of the Company, shall be entitled to 
retain, any remuneration permissible in accordance with Bisichi 
PLC’s remuneration policy. Any such remuneration will be (i) to the 
extent required, permitted by this remuneration policy and (ii) 
excluded from the calculation of any limits on remuneration under 
this remuneration policy. 
The remuneration of non-executive directors is determined by the 
board, and takes into account additional remuneration for services 
outside the scope of the ordinary duties of non-executive directors.
For details of remuneration of other company employees please see 
page 30.
OPERATION
OPPORTUNITY AND PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS
Reviewed annually whenever there is a change 
of role or operational responsibility
Paid monthly in cash
There is no prescribed maximum salary or maximum rate of increase, although 
any increase in excess of inflation is unlikely, unless there are changes in 
responsibility
No individual director will be awarded a base salary in excess of £675,000 a 
year
No specific performance conditions are attached to base salaries
The contribution payable by the Company is included in 
the director’s contract of employment 
Paid into money purchase schemes
Company contribution offered at up to 10% of base salary as part of overall 
remuneration package
No specific performance conditions are attached to pension contributions
The committee retains the discretion to approve changes 
in contractual benefits in exceptional circumstances or 
where factors outside the control of the Group lead to 
increased costs  
(e.g. medical inflation)
The costs associated with benefits offered are closely controlled and reviewed 
on an annual basis
No director will receive benefits of a value in excess of 30% of their base 
salary
No specific performance conditions are attached to contractual benefits
The remuneration committee is using its discretion to 
determine the level of bonus on an annual basis
In assessing performance consideration is given to the 
level of net rental income, cash flow, voids, realised 
development gains and income from managing joint 
ventures, as well as NAV changes. Achieved results are 
then compared with expectation taking account of market 
conditions
Bonuses are generally offered in cash or shares
The current maximum bonus will not exceed 80% of base salary in any one 
year but the remuneration committee reserves the power to award up to 
150% in an exceptional year
Performance conditions will be assessed on an annual basis
The performance measures applied may be financial, non-financial, corporate, 
divisional or individual and in such proportion as the remuneration committee 
considers appropriate
Offered at appropriate times by the  
remuneration committee
The aggregate number of shares over which options may be granted under all 
of the company’s option schemes (including any options and awards granted 
under the company’s employee share plans) in any period of ten years, will not 
exceed, at the time of grant, 10% of the ordinary share capital of the company 
from time to time
Share options will be offered by the remuneration committee at their 
discretion and will be subject to appropriate performance criteria at the time.
Maximum participation levels are set by HMRC
Of any bonus awarded, Directors may opt to have maximum of £3,000 per 
year paid in ‘Free Shares’ under the SIP scheme rules
Reviewed annually
No individual non-executive director will be awarded a base salary in excess of 
£50,000 a year
No performance conditions are attached to base salaries

34  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
Audit committee report
The committee’s terms of reference have been 
approved by the board and follow published 
guidelines, which are available on request from the 
company secretary.
The audit committee’s primary tasks are to: 
•	 review the scope of external audit, to receive regular reports from 
Kreston Reeves LLP and to review the half-yearly and annual 
accounts before they are presented to the board, focusing in 
particular on accounting policies and areas of management 
judgement and estimation;
•	 monitor the controls which are in force to ensure the integrity of 
the information reported to the shareholders;
•	 act as a forum for discussion of internal control issues and 
contribute to the board’s review of the effectiveness of the 
Group’s internal control and risk management systems and 
processes; 
•	 to review the risk assessments made by management, consider 
key risks with action taken to mitigate these and to act as a forum 
for discussion of risk issues and contribute to the board’s review 
of the effectiveness of the Group’s risk management control and 
processes; 
•	 consider once a year the need for an internal audit function;
•	 advise the board on the appointment of the external auditors, the 
rotation of the audit partner every five years and on their 
remuneration for audit work; discuss the nature and scope of 
their audit work and undertake a formal assessment of their 
independence each year, which includes:
	 i)	
a review of non-audit services provided to the Group and 
related fees;
	 ii) 	 discussion with the auditors of their written report detailing 
all relationships with the Company and any other parties that 
could affect independence or the perception of 
independence;
	 iii) 	 a review of the auditors’ own procedures for ensuring the 
independence of the audit firm and partners and staff 
involved in the audit, including the regular rotation of the 
audit partner; and
	 iv)	 obtaining a written confirmation from the auditors that, in 
their professional judgement, they are independent.
MEETINGS
The committee meets at least twice a year prior to the publication 
of the annual results and discusses and considers the half year 
results prior to their approval by the board. The audit committee 
meetings are attended by the external audit partner, chief executive, 
finance director and company secretary. During the year the 
members of the committee also meet on an informal basis to 
discuss any relevant matters which may have arisen. Additional 
formal meetings may be held as necessary.
During the past year the committee:
•	 met with the external auditors, and discussed their reports to the 
audit committee;
•	 approved the publication of annual and half year financial results;
•	 considered and approved the annual review of internal controls;
•	 decided that there was no current need for an internal audit 
function due to the scale of the business and processes in place;
•	 agreed the independence of the auditors and approved their fees 
for audit services as set out in Note 2 to the financial statements; 
•	 the chairman of the audit committee has also had separate 
meetings and discussions with the external audit partner; 
FINANCIAL REPORTING	
As part of its role, the Audit Committee assessed the audit findings 
that were considered most significant to the financial statements, 
including those areas requiring significant judgement and/or 
estimation. When assessing the identified financial reporting 
matters, the committee assessed quantitative materiality primarily 
by reference to the carrying value of the group’s total assets, given 
that the group operates a principally asset based business. When 
determining quantitative materiality, the Board also gave 
consideration to the value of revenues generated by the group and 
net asset value, given that they are key trading and business KPIs. 
The qualitative aspects of any financial reporting matters identified 
during the audit process were also considered when assessing their 
materiality. Based on the considerations set out above we have 
considered quantitative errors individually or in aggregate in excess 
of approximately £1.534 million in relation to the Group and £0.468 
million in relation to the parent company and £1.0 million for the 
Bisichi group to be material.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXTERNAL AUDIT 
PROCESS
Receiving high-quality and effective audit services is of paramount 
importance to the Committee. We continue to monitor carefully the 
effectiveness of the external auditor as well as their independence. 
We have full regard to the FRC’s Ethical Standard and ensure that 
our procedures and safeguards meet these standards.
The external auditor produced a detailed audit planning report in 
preparation for the year-end financial statements.
The effectiveness review of the external auditor is considered as 
part of the Committee’s annual performance evaluation, which also 
examines the relationship and communications between the 
Committee and the external auditor. No issues were raised during 
that review. The Committee concluded that the Auditor was 
effective during the year and that the relationship and 
communications were open and constructive.
EXTERNAL AUDITOR
Kreston Reeves LLP has held office throughout the period under 
review. In the United Kingdom London & Associated Properties PLC 
provides extensive administration and accounting services to Bisichi 
PLC, which has its own audit committee and employs Kreston 
Reeves LLP as its auditor.
C A Parritt  
Chairman – Audit Committee
29 April 2025

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 35
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
Directors’ responsibilities statement
Directors are responsible for preparing the 
Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report, the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report and the financial 
statements in accordance with applicable law and 
regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare group and company 
financial statements for each financial year. The directors have 
elected under company law to prepare group financial statements in 
accordance with UK-adopted international accounting standards. 
The directors have elected under company law to prepare the 
company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards and applicable law) including FRS 101 
“Reduced Disclosure Framework”.
The group financial statements are required by law and international 
accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2006 and UK-adopted international financial 
reporting standards to present fairly the financial position and 
performance of the group; the Companies Act 2006 provides in 
relation to such financial statements that references in the relevant 
part of that Act to financial statements giving a true and fair view 
are references to their achieving a fair presentation.
Under company law the directors must not approve the financial 
statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the group and the company and of the 
profit or loss of the group for that period. 
In preparing each of the group and company financial statements, 
the directors are required to:
a.	select suitable accounting policies and then apply them 
consistently;
b.	make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable 
and prudent;
c.	for the group financial statements, state whether applicable 
UK-adopted international accounting standards have been 
followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the Financial Statements;
d	 for the company financial statements, state whether applicable 
UK accounting standards, comprising FRS101, have been 
followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the company financial statements;
e.	prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and the 
company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting 
records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and the 
company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any time the financial position of the group and the company and 
enable them to ensure that the financial statements and the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report comply with the Companies Act 
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the 
group and the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT PURSUANT TO THE 
DISCLOSURE GUIDANCE AND TRANSPARENCY 
RULES
The Directors consider that the Annual Report and Accounts, taken 
as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the 
information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s and 
Company’s position and performance, business model and strategy
Each of the directors, whose names and functions are listed on page 
20 confirm that, to the best of each person’s knowledge:
a.	the financial statements, prepared in accordance with the 
applicable set of accounting standards, give a true and fair view of 
the assets, liabilities, financial position and loss of the company and 
the undertakings included in the consolidation taken as a whole; 
and
b.	the Strategic Report contained in the Annual Report includes a 
fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the company and the undertakings included in 
the consolidation taken as a whole, together with a description of 
the principal risks and uncertainties that they face.
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of 
the corporate and financial information included on the London & 
Associated Properties PLC website. 
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and 
dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in 
other jurisdictions. 

36  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE
Independent auditor’s report
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
OPINION
We have audited the financial statements of 
London & Associated Properties PLC (the ‘Parent 
Company’) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”), for the 
year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the 
consolidated income statement, consolidated 
statement of other comprehensive income, 
consolidated and company balance sheets, 
consolidated and company statements of changes 
in equity, consolidated cash flow statement and 
notes to the financial statements, and notes to the 
financial statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies.
In our opinion:
• 	the financial statements of London & Associated Properties PLC
give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the
Parent Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the
Group’s profit for the year then ended and of the Group’s
cashflows position as at 31 December 2024;
• 	the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in
accordance with UK-adopted international financial accounting
standards; and
• 	the Parent Company financial statements have been properly
prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted
Accounting Practice; and
• 	the Group and Parent Company financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with the requirements of the
Companies Act 2006.
BASIS FOR OPINION
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on 
Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under 
those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are 
independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including the Financial Reporting Council’s Ethical Standard as 
applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical 
responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe 
that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE OF OUR AUDIT
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and 
assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. 
In particular, we looked at where the directors made subjective 
judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates 
that involved making assumptions and considering future events that 
are inherently uncertain. We also addressed the risk of management 
override of internal controls, including evaluating whether there was 
evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material 
misstatement due to fraud.
We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed 
sufficient work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements 
as a whole, taking into account the structure of the Group and the 
Parent Company, the accounting processes and controls, and the 
industry in which they operate. We have determined the components 
of the group based on a combination of finance function and 
business function of each component.
Our scoping considerations for the Group audit were based both on 
financial information and risk. In total, we have identified 6 distinct 
components within the group financial statements on the basis of 
opinion to be issued:
Our application of materiality
COMPONENT NAME:
AUDIT STRATEGY
London & Associated Properties Plc
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of the Parent Company accounts 
and the consolidation accounting.
Analytical Properties Limited
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of this entity.
Dragon Retail Limited
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of this entity.
West Ealing Projects Limited
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of this entity.
Broadway Regen Limited
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of this entity.
Bisichi Plc
Kreston Reeves have undertaken a full statutory audit of the Bisichi UK Plc Investment 
properties component while B.D.O. South Africa have undertaken full statutory audits on 
the mining operations in South Africa, under the close supervision of Kreston Reeves, of 
the mining operating subsidiaries.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 37
GOVERNANCE
OUR APPLICATION OF MATERIALITY
We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing the 
audit, in evaluating the effect of identified misstatements on the 
audit and in forming our audit opinion. Based on our professional 
judgement, we determined materiality and performance materiality 
for the financial statements of the Group and of the Parent 
Company as follows:
INVOLVEMENT OF A COMPONENT AUDITOR 
A separate audit team in Kreston Reeves with the same 
engagement partner as the Group audit team was responsible for 
the audit of Bisichi UK Plc and they have involved B.D.O. South 
Africa in the conduct of the Group audit for the year ended 31 
December 2024. The component auditor undertook specific audit 
procedures with respect to the financial information of the 
component listed in the table above. This work was undertaken in 
full compliance with the requirements of ISA 600 (Revised).
GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Materiality
£1,517,000 (2023: £1,479,000)
£438,000 (2023: £545,000)
Basis for determining materiality
~3% of net assets
~3% of net assets
Rationale for benchmark applied
The group's principal activity is that of 
an exploration and mining operation and 
investment property holdings. To this 
end the business is highly asset focused. 
Therefore, a benchmark for materiality 
based on the net assets of the group 
is considered to be appropriate. This 
benchmark has been selected after 
taking into account the key performance 
indicators used by stakeholders of these 
financial statements.
The company’s principal activity is that 
of a holding company for the group and 
as such has no direct trade. It does hold 
investment balances with subsidiaries. 
Therefore, a benchmark for materiality 
based on the net assets of the company 
is appropriate. This benchmark has 
been selected after considering the 
key performance indicators used by 
stakeholders of these financial statements.
Performance materiality 
£1,062,000 (2023: £1,035,000)
£306,000 (2023: £381,000)
Basis for determining performance 
materiality
70% of materiality 
70% of company materiality
Reporting threshold 
£76,000 (2023: £73,000)   
£22,000 (2023: £27,000)   
Basis for determining reporting threshold
5% of materiality
5% of materiality 
We reported all audit differences found in excess of our reporting threshold to the audit committee.
For each Group component within the scope of our Group audit, we determined component performance materiality that is less than our 
overall Group performance materiality. The component performance materiality determined for Group components was £690,000. 
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report

38  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
KEY AUDIT MATTERS
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of 
the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, 
including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts 
of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. This is not a complete list of all risks identified by our audit.
REVENUE RECOGNITION: £54,917,000 (2023: £53,183,000)
Significance and nature of the key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Revenue is a key performance indicator for users in assessing 
the group’s financial statements. The revenue generated 
has a significant impact on cash inflows and profit before 
tax for the group. As such revenue is a key determinant in 
profitability and the group’s ability to generate cash.
Revenue comprises two key revenue streams: the sale of coal 
and property rental income.
Coal revenue is recognised when the customer has a legally 
binding obligation to settle under the terms of the contract.
Rental income is recognised in the Group income statement 
on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Sales of coal and coal processing services in the period were tested 
from the trigger point of the sale to the point of recognition in the 
financial statements, corroborating this to contract sales or service 
terms and the recognition stages detailed in IFRS 15.
Rental income revenue was recalculated based on the terms included 
in signed lease agreements. With samples selected from the tenancy 
schedules, tracing entries into the financial statements. The revenue 
recognition stages detailed within the standard were carefully 
considered to ensure revenue recognised was in line with these.
Revenue streams were further analytically reviewed via comparison 
to our expectations. Expectations were based on a combination of 
prior financial data/budgets and our own assessments based on our 
knowledge gained of the business.
Cut-off of revenue was reviewed by analysing sales recorded during 
the period just before and after the financial year end and determining 
if the recognition applied was appropriate. 
Walkthrough testing was performed to ensure that key systems and 
controls in place around the revenue cycle operated as designed.
The accuracy of revenue disclosures in the accounts were confirmed 
to be consistent with the revenue cycle observed and audited. The 
completeness of these disclosures was confirmed by reference to the 
full disclosure requirements as detailed in IFRS 15.
KEY OBSERVATIONS
We have no concerns over the material accuracy of revenue recognised in the financial statements.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 39
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
VALUATION/IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTMENT PROPERTIES: £38,991,000 (2023: £36,649,000)
VALUATION/IMPAIRMENT OF INVENTORY (DEVELOPMENT PROPERTY): £8,996,000 (2023: £8,889,000)
Significance and nature of the key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Investment properties comprise freehold and long leasehold 
land and buildings. Investment properties are carried at fair 
value in accordance with IAS 40. Properties classified as 
inventory are properties which are currently being developed 
and are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable 
value in accordance with IAS 2.
Investment properties are revalued annually by professional 
external surveyors and included in the balance sheet at their 
fair value.  Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair 
values of assets are recognised in the consolidated income 
statement in the period to which they relate.  In accordance 
with IAS 40, investment properties are not depreciated. 
Management performs an annual appraisal on the 
development property valuations to ensure that the carrying 
amount is the lower of cost and net realisable value in 
accordance with IAS 2.
The fair value of the head leases is the net present value of 
the current head rent payable on leasehold properties until 
the expiry of the lease.
Appropriate classification of each property was considered, IAS 40 for 
investment properties and IAS 2 for inventory to ensure each property 
has been classified correctly and therefore accounted for and disclosed 
within these financial statements in accordance with the relevant 
standard.
External valuation reports were obtained and vouched to stated fair 
values. The competence and independence of the valuation experts 
was carefully considered to ensure that the reports they produce can 
be relied upon. A meeting was held with the valuers to challenge the 
assumptions in their report and discuss the movements in the values 
of specific properties. Discussions were held with the management 
to understand and challenge the reasonableness of the valuation 
assessment prepared for the inventory (development property) balance 
as at year end.
Supporting calculations for the long leasehold land and buildings were 
reviewed to ensure they are materiality accurate, and any assumptions 
are reasonable. We have further performed our own separate 
impairment considerations to consider if events/factors in place at year 
end present material impairment indicators. Based on work performed, 
an impairment provision of £900K was recognised on the development 
property balance as at year end. No impairment provision was deemed 
necessary to be provided for investment properties.
We have further considered the threat of climate change with respect 
to the potential impact on property values.
An auditor’s expert was appointed to review the work of management’s 
valuation expert and provide their conclusion over the appropriateness 
of the methodologies, data and assumptions applied. 
KEY OBSERVATIONS
We have no concerns over the material accuracy of investment properties and inventory (development property) values recognised in 
the financial statements.

40  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
VALUATION/IMPAIRMENT OF MINING RESERVES AND DEVELOPMENT: £22,771,000 (2023: £18,896,000)
Significance and nature of the key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
The purpose of mine development is to establish secure 
working conditions and infrastructure to allow the safe and 
efficient extraction of recoverable reserves.
Depreciation on mine development costs is not charged 
until production commences or the assets are put to use. On 
commencement of full commercial production, depreciation 
is charged over the life of the associated mine reserves 
extractable using the asset on a unit of production basis. 
The unit of production calculation is based on tonnes mined as 
a ratio to proven and probable reserves and also includes future 
forecast capital expenditure.  The cost recognised includes the 
recognition of any decommissioning assets related to mine 
development.
The accounting requirements of IFRS 6 and IAS 16 were considered 
to ensure capitalisation of costs to mine development under IAS 16 
was appropriate.
In considering impairment indicators, as governed by IAS 36, the 
life of mine assessment was obtained. All significant input variables 
were considered and stress-tested to assess headroom between 
modelling and the value of mine development.
Consideration was given to the competence and independence 
of the technical expert involved with the production of historic 
technical reports on which the life of mine assessment is partially 
built.
Depreciation of mine development was recalculated based on 
the unit of production basis to ensure accurately recorded. This 
basis was also considered for reasonableness by reference to the 
accounting policies of industry peers. Additional consideration was 
given to the remaining expected life of coal mining more generally.
We have further considered to threat of climate change with 
respect to the potential life of the mining operation to ensure that 
this will not be less than the current legal remaining lifespan of 5 
years.
The accuracy and appropriateness of mine development disclosures 
in the accounts were confirmed to be consistent with the mine 
development accounting cycle observed and audited.
KEY OBSERVATIONS
We have no concerns over the material accuracy of mining reserves and development values recognised in the financial statements.
CONCLUSIONS RELATING TO GOING CONCERN
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the 
Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the 
preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. 
Our evaluation of the director’s assessment of the Group and Parent 
company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting including the following:
•	 We gained an understanding of the systems and controls around 
managements’ going concern assessment, including for the 
preparation and review process for forecasts and budgets 
•	 We obtained evidence that management have undertaken a 
formal going concern assessment, including sensitivity analysis of 
cash flow forecasts, clear consideration of significant external 
factors and the potential liquidity impact of such factors on cash 
balances including available facilities.
•	 We have analysed the financial strength of the business at the 
year-end date and considered key trends in balance sheet 
strength and business performance over the last three years.
•	 We tested the mechanical integrity of forecast model by checking 
the accuracy and completeness of the model, including 
challenging the appropriateness of estimates and assumptions 
with reference to empirical data and external evidence.
•	 Based on our above assessment, we performed our own 
sensitivity analysis in respect of the key assumptions 
underpinning the forecasts.
•	 We performed stress-testing analysis on the core cash generating 
units of the business to confirm cash inflow levels needed to 
maintain minimal liquidity required to meet liabilities as they fall 
due.
•	 We considered post year end performance of the business, 
comparing this to budget as well as considering the development 
of key liquidity ratios in the business.
•	 The group's banking facility documentation was reviewed to 
ensure that any covenants in place have not been breached.
•	 We reviewed the adequacy and completeness of the disclosure 
included within the financial statements in respect of going 
concern.
•	 Confirmations gained that operation of the business, including 
mine production and sale at Black Wattle Colliery have not been 
disrupted in the period by any external or internal factors.
•	 We considered climate change-related risks facing the business 
from a physical and transitional risk perspective, this included 
careful consideration of the estimated remaining life of coal 
mining as a viable commercial endeavour.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any 
material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, 
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group's 
or the Parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a 
period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements 
are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with 
respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of 
this report. 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 41
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
OUR CONSIDERATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE 
RELATED RISKS
The financial impacts on the Group of climate change and the 
transition to a low-carbon economy (climate change) were 
considered in our audit where they have the potential to directly or 
indirectly impact key judgements and estimates within the financial 
statements. 
The Group continues to develop its assessment of the potential 
impacts of climate change. Climate risks have the potential to 
materially impact the key judgements and estimates within the 
financial report. Our audit considered those risks that could be 
material to the key judgements and estimates in the assessment of 
the carrying value of non-current assets and closure and 
rehabilitation provisions. 
The key judgements and estimates included in the financial 
statements incorporate actions and strategies, to the extent they 
have been approved and can be reliably estimated in accordance 
with the Group’s accounting policies. Accordingly, our key audit 
matters address how we have assessed the Group’s climate-related 
assumptions to the extent they impact each key audit matter.
OTHER INFORMATION
The other information comprises the information included in the 
Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor’s 
report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other 
information. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover 
the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly 
stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance 
conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other 
information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, 
or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise 
appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required 
to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in 
the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have 
performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this 
other information, we are required to report that fact. 
We have nothing to report in this regard.
OUR OPINION ON THE REMUNERATION 
REPORT 
Kreston Reeves has audited the Remuneration report set out on 
pages 27 to 31 of the Annual Report for the financial year. The 
Directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation and 
presentation of the Remuneration report in accordance with the 
Companies Act 2006. Kreston Reeves’ responsibility is to express an 
opinion on the Remuneration report, based on our audit conducted 
in accordance with International Accounting Standards. In Kreston 
Reeves’ opinion, the Remuneration report of the Group for the 
period complies with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
OPINIONS ON OTHER MATTERS PRESCRIBED 
BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the 
audit:
•	 the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ 
report for the financial year for which the financial statements are 
prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
•	 the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared 
in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO 
REPORT BY EXCEPTION
In the light of our knowledge and understanding of the Group and 
Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic 
report or the directors’ report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in 
relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to 
you if, in our opinion:
•	 adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent 
company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been 
received from branches not visited by us; or
•	 the parent company financial statements are not in agreement 
with the accounting records and returns; or
•	 certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are 
not made; or
•	 we have not received all the information and explanations we 
require for our audit
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT
We have reviewed the directors’ statement in relation to going 
concern, longer-term viability and that part of the Corporate 
Governance Statement relating to the Group’s and Parent 
Company’s compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate 
Governance Code specified for our review by the UK Listing Rules. 
Based on the work undertaken as part of our audit, we have 
concluded that each of the following elements of the Corporate 
Governance Statement is materially consistent with the financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit:
•	 Directors' statement with regards the appropriateness of adopting 
the going concern basis of accounting and any material 
uncertainties identified set out on page 23;
•	 Directors’ explanation as to their assessment of the group’s 
prospects, the period this assessment covers and why the period 
is appropriate set out on page 8;
•	 Director’s statement on whether it has a reasonable expectation 
that the group will be able to continue in operation and meets its 
liabilities set out on page 8;
•	 Directors' statement on fair, balanced and understandable set out 
on page 35;
•	 Board’s confirmation that it has carried out a robust assessment 
of the emerging and principal risks set out on pages 9 to 10;
•	 Section of the annual report that describes the review of 
effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems set 
out on page 25;
•	 Section describing the work of the audit committee set out on 
page 34.

42  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement 
(set out on page 35), the directors are responsible for the 
preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that 
they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the 
directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible 
for assessing the Group’s and Parent Company’s ability to continue 
as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the 
directors either intend to liquidate the Group or parent company or 
to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AUDIT 
OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the financial statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an 
auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a 
high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a 
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from 
fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial 
statements. 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with 
laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our 
responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in 
respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our 
procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is 
detailed below.
Capability of the audit in detecting irregularities, 
including fraud
Based on our understanding of the group and industry, and through 
discussion with the directors and other management (as required by 
auditing standards), we identified that the principal risks of non-
compliance with laws and regulations with respect to acting as 
landlords in the UK and the operation of a coal mine in South Africa, 
as well as related to health and safety, anti-bribery and employment 
law. We considered the extent to which non-compliance might have 
a material effect on the financial statements. We also considered 
those laws and regulations that have a direct impact on the 
preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies Act 
2006. We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout 
our team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance 
throughout the audit. We evaluated management’s incentives and 
opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial 
statements (including the risk of override of controls), and 
determined that the principal risks were related to: posting 
inappropriate journal entries to increase revenue or reduce 
expenditure, management bias in accounting estimates and 
judgemental areas of the financial statements such as the valuation 
of investment properties. Audit procedures performed by the group 
engagement team and component auditors included:
•	 We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory 
frameworks that are applicable to the Group and determined that 
the most significant are those that relate to the reporting 
framework and the relevant tax compliance regulations in the 
jurisdictions in which London & Associated Properties PLC 
operates. In addition, we concluded that there are certain 
significant laws and regulations that may have an effect on the 
determination of the amounts and disclosures in the financial 
statements, mainly relating to health and safety, employee 
matters, bribery and corruption practices, environmental and 
certain aspects of company legislation recognising the regulated 
nature of the Group’s mining activities and its legal form.
•	 Detailed discussions were held with management to identify any 
known or suspected instances of non- compliance with laws and 
regulations.
•	 Identifying and assessing the design effectiveness of controls that 
management has in place to prevent and detect fraud.
•	 With the involvement of an external auditor’s expert, we have 
challenged assumptions and judgements made by management in 
its significant accounting estimates, including assessing the 
capabilities of the property valuers and discussing with the 
valuers how their valuations were calculated and the data and 
assumptions they have used to calculate these.
•	 Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or 
unexpected relationships, including related party transactions, 
that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud.
•	 Confirmation of related parties with management, and review of 
transactions throughout the period to identify any previously 
undisclosed transactions with related parties outside the normal 
course of business.
•	 Reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance, 
reviewing internal audit reports and reviewing correspondence 
with relevant tax and regulatory authorities.
•	 Performing integrity testing to verify the legitimacy of banking 
records obtained from management.
•	 Review of significant and unusual transactions and evaluation of 
the underlying financial rationale supporting the transactions.
•	 Identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any manual 
entries made at the year end for financial statement preparation.
•	 We ensured our global audit team (including Kreston Reeves and 
BDO) has deep industry experience through working for many 
years on relevant audits, including experience of mining and 
investment property management. Our audit planning included 
considering external market factors, for example geopolitical risk, 
the potential impact of climate change, commodity price risk and 
major trends in the industry.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that 
we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a 
material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance 
with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a 
law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions 
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to 
become aware of instances of non-compliance.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism 
throughout the audit. We also:
•	 Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and 
perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain 
audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement 
resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as 
fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, 
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 43
GOVERNANCE Independent auditor’s report
•	 Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit 
in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion 
on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control.
•	 Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the 
reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures 
made by the directors.
•	 Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the 
going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit 
evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related 
to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the 
Group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue as a going 
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are 
required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related 
disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on 
the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. 
However, future events or conditions may cause the Group or the 
parent company to cease to continue as a going concern.
•	 Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the 
financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the 
financial statements represent the underlying transactions and 
events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
•	 Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the 
financial information of the entities or business activities within 
the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial 
statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and 
performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for 
our audit opinion.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, 
among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and 
significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in 
internal control that we identify during our audit.
We provide those charged with governance with a statement that 
we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding 
independence and communicate with them all relationships and 
other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear our 
independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with 
governance, we determine those matters that were of most 
significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current 
period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these 
matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes 
public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare 
circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be 
communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of 
doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public 
interest benefits of such communication.
OTHER MATTERS WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED 
TO ADDRESS
We were reappointed by the Audit Committee in the period to audit 
the financial statements. Our total uninterrupted period of 
engagement is 4 periods, covering the financial year ended 31 
December 2024.
The non-audit services prohibited by the Financial Reporting 
Council’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the Group or the 
Parent Company and we remain independent of the Group and the 
Parent Company in conducting our audit.
Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the 
Audit Committee.
USE OF OUR REPORT
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in 
accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. 
Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the 
company’s members those matters we are required to state to them 
in an auditor report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent 
permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have 
formed.
Anne Dwyer BSc(Hons) FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of 
Kreston Reeves LLP	  
Chartered Accountants 
Statutory Auditor 
London
Date: 29 April 2025

44  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
NOTES
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Group revenue
1
 54,917 
 53,183 
Operating costs
1
(49,624)
(52,017)
Operating profit
 
 5,293 
 1,166 
Finance income
4
 202 
 332 
Finance expenses
4
(2,971)
(3,646)
Result before revaluation and other movements
 
 2,524 
(2,148)
 
 
 
 
Non–cash changes in valuation of assets and liabilities and other movements
 
 
 
Exchange losses
 
(23)
(158)
Increase/(decrease) in value of investment properties
9
 1,800 
(5)
Profit on disposal of fixed assets
 
–  
 4 
Gain on investments held at fair value (Bisichi)
 
 68 
 759 
Gain/(loss) on disposal of subsidiary
6
 50 
(1,930)
Decrease in value of other investments
 
–  
(6)
Profit/(loss) for the year before taxation
2
 4,419 
(3,484)
Income tax charge
5
(1,615)
(307)
Profit/(loss) for the year
 
 2,804 
(3,791)
 
 
 
 
Attributable to:
 
 
 
Equity holders of the Company
 
(373)
(3,861)
Non-controlling interest
25
 3,177 
 70 
Profit/(loss) for the year
 
 2,804 
(3,791)
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share
 
 
 
Loss per equity share - basic and diluted
8
(0.44)p
(4.52)p
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
for the year ended 31 December 2024
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Profit/(loss) for the year
 2,804 
(3,791)
Other comprehensive expense:
 
 
Items that may be subsequently recycled to the income statement:
 
 
Exchange differences on translation of Bisichi PLC foreign operations
(122)
(675)
Total comprehensive income/(expense) for the year net of tax
 2,682 
(4,466)
Attributable to: 
 
 
Equity shareholders
(405)
(4,056)
Non–controlling interest
 3,087 
(410)
Total comprehensive income/(expense) for the year net of tax
 2,682 
(4,466)
Total comprehensive expense per equity share - basic and diluted
(0.47)p
(4.75)p
FINANCIAL 
STATEMENTS
Consolidated income statement
for the year ended 31 December 2024

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 45
financial statements
Consolidated balance sheet
at 31 December 2024
NOTES
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Non–current assets
 
 
 
Market value of properties attributable to Group
9
 37,405 
 35,060 
Present value of head leases
9
 1,586 
 1,589 
Property
 
 38,991 
 36,649 
Mining reserves, property, plant and equipment
10
 23,603 
 19,164 
Other investments at fair value through profit and loss (“FVPL”)
15
 14,339 
 14,258 
Deferred tax
23
–  
 432 
 
 
 76,933 
 70,503 
Current assets
 
 
 
Inventories - Property
13
 8,996 
 8,889 
Inventories - Mining
14
 3,377 
 2,579 
Assets held for sale
11
–  
 545 
Trade and other receivables
16
 7,202 
 7,413 
Investments in listed securities held at FVPL
17
 628 
 734 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 2,926 
 6,978 
 
 
 23,129 
 27,138 
Total assets
 
 100,062 
 97,641 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Trade and other payables
18
(15,748)
(14,463)
Borrowings
19
(7,163)
(12,792)
Lease liabilities
             20 
(439)
(394)
Current tax liabilities
 
(3,801)
(5,191)
 
 
(27,151)
(32,840)
Non–current liabilities
 
 
 
Borrowings
19
(17,929)
(13,291)
Lease liabilities
20
(2,134)
(1,582)
Provisions
21
(1,590)
(1,615)
Deferred tax liabilities
23
(699)
–  
 
 
(22,352)
(16,488)
Total liabilities
 
(49,503)
(49,328)
Net assets
 
 50,559 
 48,313 
Equity attributable to the owners of the parent
 
 
 
Share capital
24
 8,554 
 8,554 
Share premium account
 
 4,866 
 4,866 
Translation reserve (Bisichi PLC)
 
(1,290)
(1,258)
Capital redemption reserve
 
 47 
 47 
	
Retained earnings (excluding treasury shares)
 
 16,052 
 16,425 
	
Treasury shares
24
(144)
(144)
Retained earnings 
 
 15,908 
 16,281 
Total equity attributable to equity shareholders
 
 28,085 
 28,490 
Non–controlling interest
25
 22,474 
 19,823 
Total equity
 
 50,559 
 48,313 
Net assets per share attributable to equity shareholders
8
32.91p
33.38p
Diluted net assets per share
8
32.91p
33.38p
These financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 29 April 2025 and signed on its behalf by:
John Heller	
Jonathan Mintz	
Company Registration No. 341829 
Director	
Director	
	

46  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements
financial statements
Consolidated statement of changes in shareholders’ equity 
for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
SHARE 
CAPITAL 
£’000
SHARE  
PREMIUM 
£’000
TRANSLA-
TION 
RESERVES  
£’000
CAPITAL 
REDEMP-
TION 
RESERVE 
£’000
TREASURY  
SHARES 
£’000
RETAINED  
EARNINGS 
EXCLUDING  
TREASURY  
SHARES 
£’000
TOTAL 
EXCLUDING 
NON– 
CONTROLLING 
INTERESTS 
£’000
NON– 
CON-
TROLLING 
INTERESTS 
£’000
TOTAL 
EQUITY 
£’000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at 1 January 2023
 8,554 
 4,866 
(1,063)
 47 
(144)
 20,286 
 32,546 
 21,169  53,715 
(Loss)/profit for year
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
(3,861)
(3,861)
 70 
(3,791)
Other comprehensive expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
–  
–  
(195)
–  
–  
–  
(195)
(480)
(675)
Transactions with owners:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends – non–controlling interests
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
(936)
(936)
Balance at 31 December 2023
 8,554 
 4,866 
(1,258)
 47 
(144)
 16,425 
 28,490 
 19,823  48,313 
Profit for year
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
(373)
(373)
 3,177 
 2,804 
Other comprehensive expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation
– 
– 
(32)
– 
– 
– 
(32)
(90)
(122)
Transactions with owners:
Dividends – non–controlling interests
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
(436)
(436)
Balance at 31 December 2024
 8,554 
 4,866 
(1,290)
 47 
(144)
 16,052 
 28,085 
 22,474  50,559 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 47
financial statements
financial statements
Consolidated cash flow statement
for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
NOTES
2024 
£’000
2023   
£’000
Operating activities
 
 
 
Profit/(loss) for the year before taxation
 
 4,419 
(3,484)
Finance income
4
(202)
(332)
Finance expense
4
 2,971 
 3,646 
(Increase)/decrease in value of investment properties
9
(1,800)
 5 
Gain on investments held at FVPL (Bisichi)
 
(68)
(759)
(Profit)/loss on disposal of subsidiary
 
(50)
 1,930 
Decrease in value of other investments
 
–  
 6 
Depreciation
10
 4,311 
 1,761 
Impairment of inventory - property
 
900  
-
Profit on disposal of non-current assets
 
–  
(4)
Development expenditure on inventories - property
13
(1,007)
(777)
Exchange adjustments
 
 23 
 158 
Change in inventories - mining
 
 (843) 
 2,046 
Change in receivables
 
(70)
(933)
Change in payables
 
 1,769 
 429 
Cash generated from operations
 
 10,353 
 3,692 
Income tax (paid) / refunded
 
(1,789)
 137 
Cash inflows from operating activities
 
 8,564 
 3,829 
Investing activities
 
 
 
Disposal of subsidiary
 
–  
(148)
Acquisition of mining reserves, plant and equipment
 
(8,132)
(5,952)
Sale of plant and equipment
 
–  
 21 
Disposal of other investments
 
 5,372 
 432 
Acquisition of other investments
 
(5,279)
(1,189)
Interest received
 
 202 
 332 
Cash outflows from investing activities
 
(7,837)
(6,504)
Financing activities
 
 
 
Interest paid
 
(2,804)
(3,557)
Interest obligation under finance leases
 
(178)
(185)
Repayment of lease liability
 
(234)
(251)
Receipt of bank loan - Bisichi PLC
 
 3,845 
 99 
Repayment of bank loan - Bisichi PLC
 
(3,995)
(624)
Repayment of bank loan - Dragon Retail Properties Ltd
 
(215)
(193)
Receipt of bank loan - London & Associated Properties PLC
 
 496 
–  
Repayment of bank loan - London & Associated Properties PLC
 
(7)
(95)
Equity dividends paid - Bisichi PLC
 
(436)
(1,372)
Cash outflows from financing activities
 
(3,528)
(6,178)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
(2,801)
(8,853)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
 3,444 
 12,157 
Exchange adjustment
 
 25 
 140 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
 668 
 3,444 
The cash flows above relate to continuing operations.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For the purpose of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following balance sheet amounts:
 
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Cash and cash equivalents (before bank overdrafts)
 
 2,926 
 6,978 
Bank overdrafts
19
(2,258)
(3,534)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
 668 
 3,444 
£195,000 of cash deposits at 31 December 2024 were charged as security to bank loans (2023: £195,000).

48  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements
financial statements
Group accounting policies
 
The following are the principal Group accounting policies:
BASIS OF ACCOUNTING
The Group financial statements are prepared in accordance with UK 
adopted international accounting standards and the requirements of 
the Companies Act 2006 and as required under the Disclosure 
Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct 
Authority the group financial statements are prepared in accordance 
with UK adopted international financial reporting standards. 
The directors have elected under company law to prepare the 
company financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom 
Accounting Standards and applicable law) including FRS 101 
Reduced Disclosure Framework and these are presented in note 31.
The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost 
convention, except for the revaluation of freehold and leasehold 
properties and financial assets at fair value through profit and loss 
including interest rate derivatives.
The Group financial statements are presented in Pounds Sterling 
and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand pounds (£’000) 
except when otherwise stated.
The functional currency for each entity in the Group is the currency 
of the country in which the entity has been incorporated. Details of 
the country in which each entity has been incorporated can be 
found in note 12.
The exchange rates used in the accounts were as follows:
£1 STERLING: RAND
£1 STERLING: DOLLAR
2024
2023
2024 
2023 
Year-end rate
23.6446
23.3014
1.2521
1.2732
Annual average
23.4159
22.9364
1.2780
1.2389
London & Associated Properties PLC (“LAP”), the parent company, is 
a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in England and 
quoted on the London Stock Exchange. The Company registration 
number is 341829. LAP and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) consist of 
LAP and all its subsidiary undertakings, including Bisichi PLC 
(“Bisichi”) and Dragon Retail Properties Limited (“Dragon”). The 
Group without Bisichi and Dragon is referred to as LAP Group.
GOING CONCERN
In reviewing going concern it is necessary to consider separately the 
position of LAP Group and Bisichi. Although both are consolidated 
into group accounts (as required by IFRS 10), they are managed 
independently and in the unlikely event that Bisichi was unable to 
continue trading this would not affect the ability of LAP Group to 
continue operating as a going concern. The same would be true for 
Bisichi in reverse.
The directors have reviewed the cash flow forecasts of the LAP 
Group and the underlying assumptions on which they are based for 
the 15 months from the date of signing. The LAP Group’s business 
activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future 
development, are set out in the Chairman and Chief Executive’s 
Statement and Financial Review. In addition, note 22 to the financial 
statements sets out the Group’s objectives, policies and processes 
for managing its capital; its financial risk management objectives; 
details of its financial instruments and hedging activities; and its 
exposure to credit risk and liquidity risk.
The directors have reviewed the debt covenants on existing loans 
and the effects that a wide range of property valuation movements 
would have on these and the Group’s ability to mitigate these 
effects.
Geo-political events in Ukraine and the Middle East are currently 
having an impact on global energy prices. The imposition of tariffs 
by the United States is not expected to have any significant direct 
effect on our operations. Although the outcome of the events in 
these regions is uncertain, the Directors at present do not foresee 
the events having a significant negative effect on the Group’s UK 
and South African operations.
Debt Refinancing
LAP’s £13.6 million 5-year term loan with QIB (UK) PLC, at a margin 
of 3.95% above the BoE base rate, expires in 2027. The loan is 
covenant compliant and the Directors do not consider that this 
presents a going concern risk to the Group. The loan is repayable in 
full at any time, with no exit fees. From May 2025, the loan margin 
will decrease to 2.95%
Dragon has a £0.74 million Santander term loan (at 3.5% + bank 
base rate) that expires on 18 July 2027. The loan is covenant 
compliant and the Directors do not consider that this presents a 
going concern risk to the Group. The loan is repayable in full at any 
time, with no exit fees.
Broadway Regen has a £4.9 million 11.0% development loan which 
expired in January 2025. This is a residential development which is 
expected to have positive cash returns. Options are currently being 
explored before any commitment is made to start the construction 
phase. Cash flow forecasts on which going concern judgements are 
made include a range of outcomes for this development and the 
Directors do not consider that this presents a going concern risk to 
the Group. The lender continues to support our ongoing efforts to 
develop this property and we expect the loan to be extended to 
grant sufficient time to enter into a construction contract and 
refinance the facility.
The directors continually monitor the property lending market and 
will refinance these loans to reduce the interest burden on the 
Group, provide future funding certainty and manage financial risk.
Bisichi PLC
The directors note the consideration of going concern by the Bisichi 
board, but also note that any failure of Bisichi would not itself 
impact on the going concern status of the LAP group for the 
reasons set out on page 8 of the financial statements.
The directors believe that the LAP Group has adequate resources to 
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and 
that the LAP Group is well placed to manage its business risks. Thus 
they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in 
preparing the annual financial statements.
The Bisichi directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting in preparing the Bisichi annual financial statements.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 49
financial statements Group accounting policies
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING 
STANDARDS (IFRS)
The Group has adopted all of the new and revised Standards and 
Interpretations issued by the International Accounting Standards 
Board (“IASB”) that are relevant to its operations and effective for 
accounting periods beginning 1 January 2024. 
These include Amendments to IAS 1 for 'Classification of liabilities 
as current or non-current' and 'Non-current liabilitiues with 
covenants'; Amendments to IFRS 16 - 'Lease liability in a sale and 
leaseback'; and Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 - 'Supplier finance 
arrangements'. These have had no significant impact on the financial 
statements of the Group.
The Group has not adopted any Standards or Interpretations in 
advance of the required implementation dates.
The following standards, amendments and interpretations were in 
issue at the date of approval of these financial statements but were 
not yet effective for the current accounting period and have not 
been adopted early. Based on the Group’s current circumstances, 
the Directors do not anticipate that their adoption in future periods 
will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group.
•	 Amendments to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign 
Exchange Rates: Lack of Exchangeability
•	 Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7, Classification and 
Measurement of Financial Instruments
•	 IFRS 19, Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures
•	 IFRS 18, Presentation and disclosure in financial statements
IFRS 18 will replace IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements and 
is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027. 
IFRS 18 will not impact the recognition or measurement of items in 
the financial statements, but its impact on presentation and 
disclosure is expected to be material. Management is currently 
assessing the detailed implications of applying the new standard on 
the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
We are committed to improving disclosure and transparency and 
will continue to work with our different stakeholders to ensure they 
understand the detail of these accounting changes. We continue to 
remain committed to a robust financial policy.
KEY JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to 
make assumptions and estimates that may affect the reported amounts 
of assets and liabilities and the reported income and expenses, further 
details of which are set out below. Although management believes that 
the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable, the actual results 
may differ from those estimates. Further details of the estimates and 
judgements which may have a material impact on next year’s financial 
statements are contained in the Directors’ Report.
PROPERTY OPERATIONS
Fair value measurements of investment properties
An assessment of the fair value of these assets is undertaken 
annually. The fair value measurements are estimated based on the 
amounts for which the assets and liabilities could be exchanged 
between market participants. To the extent possible, the 
assumptions and inputs used take into account externally verifiable 
inputs. However, such information is by its nature subject to 
uncertainty and is discussed further in the Directors’ Report and 
shown in note 9.
Inventories - Property
When the Group begins to redevelop an existing investment 
property with a view to sale, the property is transferred to inventory 
and held as a current asset. The property is re-measured to fair 
value as at the date of the transfer with any gain or loss being taken 
to the income statement. The re-measured amount becomes the 
deemed cost at which the property is then carried in trading 
properties plus any costs for asset management initiatives or 
development in preparation for sale and subject to any provision 
required to reduce cost to net realisable value.
In assessing the net realisable value of a property development, the 
directors make significant estimates and judgements regarding, inter 
alia, forecast sales and costs per square foot, gross internal area, 
affordable housing allocations and appropriate rates of financing. 
The degree to which these variables can be accurately forecast will 
depend on the stage of development of the particular project and 
the impact of changes in these assumptions to the net realisable 
value could be material. Further detail is included in note 13.
The development property in Ealing has been impaired by £900,000 
in the year following an assessment of its net realisable value at 31 
December 2024.
Trade Debtors
An estimate of lifetime expected credit losses under IFRS 9 using 
the simplified approach has been made by the Directors considering 
historic trade debtor recoveries, specific knowledge of individual 
debtors and forward looking macro-economic factors. Further detail 
is included in note 22.
MINING OPERATIONS
Life of mine and reserves
The directors of Bisichi consider their judgements and estimates 
surrounding the life of the mine and its reserves to have significant 
effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements and to 
be an area where the financial statements are subject to significant 
estimation uncertainty. The life of mine remaining is currently 
estimated at 5 years. This life of mine is based on Bisichi’s existing 
coal reserves including reserves acquired but subject to regulatory 
approval. Bisichi actively seeks and evaluates new opportunities to 
extend the life of its existing mining and processing operations in 
South Africa. The life of mine excludes future coal purchases and 
coal reserve acquisitions. Bisichi’s estimates of proven and probable 
reserves are prepared utilising the South African code for the 
reporting of exploration results, mineral resources and mineral 
reserves (the SAMREC code) and are subject to assessment by an 
independent Competent Person experienced in the field of coal 
geology and specifically opencast and pillar coal extraction. 
Estimates of coal reserves impact assessments of the carrying value 
of property, plant and equipment, depreciation calculations and 
rehabilitation and decommissioning provisions. There are numerous 
uncertainties inherent in estimating coal reserves and changes to 
these assumptions may result in restatement of reserves. These 
assumptions include geotechnical factors as well as economic 
factors such as commodity prices, production costs, coal demand 
outlook and yield.
DEPRECIATION, AMORTISATION OF MINERAL 
RIGHTS, MINING DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND 
PLANT & EQUIPMENT
The annual depreciation/amortisation charge is dependent on 
estimates, including coal reserves and the related life of the mine, 
expected development expenditure for probable reserves, the 
allocation of certain assets to relevant ore reserves and estimates of 
residual values of the processing plant. The charge can fluctuate 
when there are significant changes in any of the factors or 
assumptions used, such as estimating mineral reserves which in turn 
affects the life of mine or the expected life of reserves. Estimates of 
proven and probable reserves are prepared by an independent 
Competent Person. Assessments of depreciation/amortisation rates 
against the estimated reserve base are performed regularly. Details 
of the depreciation/amortisation charge can be found in note 10.

50  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Group accounting policies
PROVISION FOR MINING REHABILITATION 
INCLUDING RESTORATION AND DE-
COMMISSIONING COSTS 
A provision for future rehabilitation including restoration and 
decommissioning costs requires estimates and assumptions to be 
made around the relevant regulatory framework, the timing, extent 
and costs of the rehabilitation activities and of the risk free rates 
used to determine the present value of the future cash outflows. 
The provisions, including the estimates and assumptions contained 
therein, are reviewed regularly by management. Bisichi engages an 
independent expert to assess the cost of restoration and 
decommissioning annually as part of management’s assessment of 
the provision. Details of the provision for mining rehabilitation can 
be found in note 21. 
MINING IMPAIRMENT 
Property, plant and equipment representing Bisichi’s mining assets 
in South Africa are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date. 
The impairment test is performed using the approved Life of Mine 
plan and those future cash flow estimates are discounted using 
asset specific discount rates and are based on expectations about 
future operations. The impairment test requires estimates about 
production and sales volumes, commodity prices, proven and 
probable reserves (as assessed by the Competent Person), operating 
costs and capital expenditures necessary to extract reserves in the 
approved Life of Mine plan. Changes in such estimates could impact 
recoverable values of these assets. Details of the carrying value of 
property, plant and equipment can be found in note 10. 
The impairment test indicated significant headroom as at 31 
December 2024 and therefore no impairment is considered 
appropriate. The key assumptions include: coal prices, including 
domestic coal prices based on recent pricing and assessment of 
market forecasts for export coal; production based on proven and 
probable reserves assessed by the independent Competent Person 
and yields associated with mining areas based on assessments by 
the Competent Person and empirical data. An 8% reduction in 
average forecast coal prices or a 5% reduction in yield would give 
rise to a breakeven scenario. However, the Bisichi directors consider 
the forecasted yield levels and pricing to be appropriate and 
supportable best estimates.
BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION
The Group accounts incorporate the accounts of LAP and all its 
subsidiary undertakings, together with the Group’s share of the 
results and net assets of its joint ventures. 
Non–controlling interests in subsidiaries are presented separately 
from the equity attributable to equity owners of the parent 
company. When changes in ownership in a subsidiary do not result 
in a loss of control, the non–controlling shareholders’ interests are 
initially measured at the non–controlling interests’ proportionate 
share of the subsidiaries’ net assets. Subsequent to this, the carrying 
amount of non–controlling interests is the amount of those interests 
at initial recognition plus the non–controlling interests’ share of 
subsequent changes in equity. Total comprehensive income is 
attributed to non–controlling interests even if this results in the 
non–controlling interests having a deficit balance.
SUBSIDIARIES
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls 
an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from 
its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those 
returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries acquired during 
the year are consolidated using the acquisition method. Their results 
are incorporated from the date that control passes. 
All intra Group transactions, balances, income and expenses are 
eliminated on consolidation. Details of the Group’s subsidiary 
companies are set out in note 12.
The directors are required to consider the implications of IFRS 10 
on the LAP investment in Bisichi PLC (“Bisichi”). Related parties also 
have shareholdings in Bisichi. When combined with the 41.6% held by 
LAP and, taking account of the wide disposition of other shareholders, 
there is potential for LAP and these related parties to exercise voting 
control over Bisichi. IFRS 10 makes it clear that possible voting 
control is of more significance than actual management control. 
For this reason the directors have concluded that there is a requirement 
to consolidate Bisichi with LAP. While, in theory, they could achieve 
control, in practice they do not get involved in the day to day operations 
of Bisichi. The directors have presented consolidated accounts using 
the published accounts of Bisichi but it is important to note that any 
figures, risks and assumptions attributable to that company are the 
responsibility of the Bisichi Board of directors.
As a result of treating Bisichi as a subsidiary, Dragon Retail Properties 
Limited and West Ealing Projects Limited are also subsidiaries for 
accounting purposes, as LAP and Bisichi’s combined ownership in 
these entities exceeds 50%.
As a result of Orchard Square Limited’s term loan being placed in 
default in August 2023, the Group no longer has control of this 
entity and as required by IFRS10 it no longer presents the results of 
Orchard Square Limited. The results of Orchard Square Limited are 
included until July 2023 at which point control was lost and a 
disposal of the company is shown. The assets and liabilities of 
Orchard Square Limited are not shown in the Balance Sheet at the 
end of the previous or current year. Further disclosure is made 
within note 6. In 2024 the Orchard Square loan was restated with 
the lender and is now compliant, with all rights to net income and 
sale proceeds generated by the asset vesting to the lender.
Following an unsuccessful planning application and subsequent appeal 
by Development Physics Limited the JV partners decided to cease 
development activities and allow the options over parcels of land to 
lapse. The company has subsequently been closed. Provisions for 
the carrying value of the development were made in previous years 
and the financial effect of the development in 2024, as shown in 
note 6, is limited.
GOODWILL
Goodwill arising on acquisition is recognised as an intangible asset 
and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the cost of the 
acquired entity over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the assets 
and liabilities acquired. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated 
impairment losses. Goodwill arising from the difference in the 
calculation of deferred tax for accounting purposes and fair value in 
negotiations is judged not to be an asset and is accordingly impaired 
on completion of the relevant acquisition. 
PROPERTY REVENUE
The Group’s revenue from contracts with customers, as defined 
under IFRS 15, includes sales of coal and property income from 
rents, service charge and management fees.
Rental income
Rental income arises from properties where leases have granted 
tenants a right of occupation and use of the properties. Rental 
income and lease incentives are recognised in accordance with IFRS 
16 Leases. Rental income from investment property is recognised as 
revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease incentives 
and costs associated with entering into tenant leases are amortised 
over the lease term. Rent reviews are recognised when such reviews 
have been agreed with tenants.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 51
financial statements Group accounting policies
Changes in the scope or the consideration for a lease, that was not 
part of the original terms and conditions, which might arise as a 
result of lease concessions, are accounted as a lease modification. 
Lease modifications are accounted for as a new lease from the 
effective date of the modification, considering any prepaid or 
accrued lease payments relating to the original lease as part of the 
lease payments for the new lease.
Service charge income
This includes income in relation to service charges, directly 
recoverable expenditure and management fees, which is recognised 
in accordance with IFRS 15. Revenue from providing services is 
recognised in the accounting period in which the services are 
rendered. Revenue from services is recognised based on the actual 
service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion 
of the total services to be provided and recognised over time. The 
Group generally acts as the principal in service charge transactions 
as it directly controls the delivery of the services at the point they 
are provided to the tenant. Where the Group acts as a principal, 
service charge income is presented gross within revenue and service 
charge expense presented gross within costs. 
Reverse surrender premiums
Payments received from tenants to surrender their lease obligations 
are recognised immediately in the income statement.
Dilapidations
Dilapidations monies received from tenants in respect of their lease 
obligations are recognised immediately in the income statement.
Other revenue
Revenue in respect of listed investments held for trading represents 
investment dividends received and profit or loss recognised on 
realisation. Dividends are recognised in the income statement when 
the right to receive the payment is established. 
PROPERTY OPERATING EXPENSES
Operating expenses are expensed as incurred and any property 
operating expenditure not recovered from tenants through service 
charges is charged to the income statement. 
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Share based remuneration 
The Group operates a long–term incentive plan and two share 
option schemes. The fair value of the conditional awards on shares 
granted under the long–term incentive plan and the options granted 
under the share option scheme is determined at the date of grant. 
This fair value is then expensed on a straight–line basis over the 
vesting period, based on an estimate of the number of shares that 
will eventually vest. At each reporting date, the fair value of the 
non–market based performance criteria of the long–term incentive 
plan is recalculated and the expense is revised. In respect of the 
share option scheme, the fair value of options granted is calculated 
using the binomial method.
PENSIONS
The Company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The 
contributions payable to the scheme are expensed in the period to 
which they relate. 
FOREIGN CURRENCIES
Monetary assets and liabilities are translated at year end exchange 
rates and the resulting exchange rate differences are included in the 
consolidated income statement within the results of operating 
activities if arising from trading activities, including inter-company 
trading balances and within finance cost / income if arising from 
financing.
For consolidation purposes, income and expense items are included 
in the consolidated income statement at average rates, and assets 
and liabilities are translated at year end exchange rates. Translation 
differences arising on consolidation are recognised in other 
comprehensive income. Foreign exchange differences on 
intercompany loans are recorded in other comprehensive income 
when the loans are not considered trading balances and are not 
expected to be repaid in the foreseeable future. Where foreign 
operations are sold or closed, the cumulative exchange differences 
attributable to that foreign operation are recognised in the 
consolidated income statement when the gain or loss on disposal is 
recognised. 
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange 
rate ruling on transaction date. 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group’s 
consolidated statement of financial position when the group 
becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 
Financial assets
Financial assets are classified as either financial assets at amortised 
cost, at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”) 
or at fair value through profit or loss (“FVPL”) depending upon the 
business model for managing the financial assets and the nature of 
the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. 
A loss allowance for expected credit losses is determined for all 
financial assets, other than those at FVPL, at the end of each 
reporting period. The Group applies a simplified approach to 
measure the credit loss allowance for trade receivables using the 
lifetime expected credit loss provision. The lifetime expected credit 
loss is evaluated for each trade receivable taking into account 
payment history, payments made subsequent to year end and prior 
to reporting, past default experience and the impact of any other 
relevant and current observable data. The group applies a general 
approach on all other receivables classified as financial assets. The 
general approach recognises lifetime expected credit losses when 
there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial 
recognition.
The Group no longer recognises a financial asset when the 
contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it 
transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and 
rewards of ownership of the asset to another party. The Group does 
not recognise financial liabilities when the Group’s obligations are 
discharged, cancelled, or have expired.
Investments
Current financial asset investments and other investments classified 
as non-current (“The investments”) comprise shares in listed 
companies. The investments are measured at fair value. Any 
changes in fair value are recognised in the consolidated income 
statement and accumulated in retained earnings. 
Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables are recorded at amortised cost. As the interest 
that would be recognised from discounting future cash payments 
over the short payment period is not considered to be material, 
trade receivables which do not carry any interest are stated at their 
nominal value as reduced by credit loss allowances for estimated 
recoverable amounts.
Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are non-interest bearing and are stated at 
their nominal value, as the interest that would be recognised from 
discounting future cash payments over the short payment period is 
not considered to be material.

52  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Group accounting policies
Bank loans and overdrafts
Bank loans and overdrafts are included as financial liabilities on the 
Group balance sheet net of the unamortised costs of issue. The cost 
of issue is recognised in the consolidated income statement over 
the life of the bank loan. Interest payable on those facilities is 
expensed as a finance cost in the period to which it relates.
Leases
At inception, the Group assesses whether a contract is or contains a 
lease. This assessment involves the exercise of judgement about 
whether the Group obtains substantially all the economic benefits 
from the use of that asset, and whether the Group has the right to 
direct the use of the asset. The Group recognises a right-of-use 
(“ROU”) asset and the lease liability at the commencement date of 
the lease.
Lease liabilities include the present value of payments which 
generally include fixed payments and variable payments that depend 
on an index (such as an inflation index). Each lease payment is 
allocated between the liability and finance cost. The lease payments 
are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate 
can be readily determined or if not, the incremental borrowing rate 
is used. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease 
period so as to produce a constant rate of interest on the remaining 
balance of the liability for each period. In the cashflow statement 
the principal and interest portions of the lease payments are 
classified within financing activities.
The ROU asset is measured at a cost based on the amount of the 
initial measurement of the lease liability, plus initial direct costs and 
the cost of obligations to refurbish the asset, less any incentives 
received. The ROU asset (other than the ROU assets that relate to 
land or property that meets the definition of investment property 
under IAS 40) is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or 
the useful life of the underlying asset. The ROU asset is subject to 
testing for impairment if there is an indicator of impairment. ROU 
assets are included in the heading Property, plant and equipment, 
and the lease liability is included in the headings current and 
non-current lease labilities on the balance sheet.
Lease liabilities arise for those investment properties held under a 
leasehold interest and recorded as investment property. The liability 
is calculated as the present value of the minimum lease payments, 
reducing in subsequent reporting periods by the apportionment of 
payments to the lessor. Lease payments are allocated between the 
liability and finance charges to achieve a constant financing rate. 
Contingent rents payable, such as rent reviews or those related to 
rental income, are charged as an expense in the period in which 
they are incurred. 
The Group has elected not to recognise ROU assets and liabilities 
for leases where the total lease term is less than or equal to 12 
months, or for low value leases under £20,000. The payments for 
such leases are recognised in the Income Statement on a straight-
line basis over the lease term.
Interest rate derivatives
The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge the 
interest rate risk associated with the financing of the Group’s 
business where appropriate. No trading in such financial instruments 
is undertaken. At each reporting date, these interest rate derivatives 
are recognised at their fair value to the business, being the Net 
Present Value of the difference between the hedged rate of interest 
and the market rate of interest for the remaining period of the 
hedge. 
Ordinary shares
Shares are classified as equity when there is no obligation to 
transfer cash or other assets. Incremental costs directly attributable 
to the issue of new shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net 
of tax, from the proceeds.
Treasury shares 
When the Group’s own equity instruments are repurchased, 
consideration paid is deducted from equity as treasury shares until 
they are cancelled. When such shares are subsequently sold or 
reissued, any consideration received is included in equity. 
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
Valuation
Investment properties are those that are held either to earn rental 
income or for capital appreciation or both, including those that are 
undergoing redevelopment for future use as an investment 
property. They are reported on the Group balance sheet at fair 
value, being the amount for which an investment property could be 
exchanged between knowledgeable and willing parties in an arm’s 
length transaction. The directors’ property valuation is at fair value. 
The external valuation of properties is undertaken by independent 
valuers who hold recognised and relevant professional qualifications 
and have recent experience in the locations and categories of 
properties being valued. Surpluses or deficits resulting from changes 
in the fair value of investment properties are reported in the Group 
income statement in the period in which they arise.
The Group owns a number of properties on long term and short-
term leaseholds. These are leased out to tenants under operating 
leases, are classified as investment properties or development 
properties as appropriate and included in the balance sheet at fair 
value. The obligation to the freeholder or superior leaseholder for 
the buildings element of the leasehold is included in the balance 
sheet at the present value of the minimum lease payments at 
inception.
Capital expenditure 
Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including 
related transaction costs. Additional expenditure of a capital nature, 
directly attributable to the redevelopment or refurbishment of an 
investment property held for future use as an investment property, 
up to the point of it being completed for its intended use, is 
capitalised in the carrying value of that property. Where there is a 
change of use, such as commencement of development with a view 
to sale, the property is transferred to inventory at deemed cost, 
which is its fair value on the date of the change in use. Capitalised 
interest is calculated with reference to the actual rate payable on 
borrowings for development purposes, or for that part of the 
development costs financed out of borrowings the capitalised 
interest is calculated on the basis of the average rate of interest paid 
on the relevant debt outstanding. 
Disposal 
The disposal of investment properties is recorded on completion of 
the contract. On disposal, any gain or loss is calculated as the 
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the valuation at 
the last year end plus subsequent capitalised expenditure in the 
period. 
Depreciation and amortisation
In applying the fair value model to the measurement of investment 
properties, depreciation and amortisation are not provided. 
OTHER ASSETS AND DEPRECIATION
The cost, less estimated residual value, of other property, plant and 
equipment is written off on a straight–line basis over the asset’s 
expected useful life. Residual values and useful lives are reviewed, 
and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date. Changes to 
the estimated residual values or useful lives are accounted for 
prospectively. The depreciation rates generally applied are: 
Motor vehicles
25–33 per cent per annum
Office equipment
10–33 per cent per annum

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 53
financial statements Group accounting policies
ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
Non-current assets are classified as held-for-sale if it is highly 
probable that they will be recovered primarily through sale rather 
than through continuing use. Such assets are generally measured at 
the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs of sale. 
Impairment losses on initial classification as assets held-for-sale and 
subsequent gains and losses on remeasurement are recognised in 
profit or loss. Once classified as held-for-sale, intangible assets and 
property, plant and equipment are no longer amortised or 
depreciated, and any equity-accounted investment is no longer 
equity accounted.
INVENTORIES – PROPERTY
Properties held as trading inventory are those which are being 
developed with a view to sale. Inventories are recorded at the lower 
of cost and net realisable value. If the net realisable value of 
inventory is lower than its carrying value, an impairment loss is 
recorded in the income statement. If, in subsequent periods, the net 
realisable value of inventory that was previously impaired increases 
above its carrying value, the impairment is reversed to align the 
carrying value of the property with the net realisable value. 
Inventory is presented on the balance sheet within current assets.
INCOME TAXES
The charge for current taxation is based on the results for the year 
as adjusted for disallowed or non–assessable items. Tax payable 
upon realisation of revaluation gains recognised in prior periods is 
recorded as a current tax charge with a release of the associated 
deferred tax. Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or 
recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets 
and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax 
bases used in the tax computations and is recorded using the 
balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally 
recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax 
assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable 
profits will be available against which deductible temporary 
differences can be utilised. In respect of the deferred tax on the 
revaluation surplus, this is calculated on the basis of the chargeable 
gains that would crystallise on the sale of the investment portfolio 
as at the reporting date. The calculation takes account of indexation 
on the historic cost of properties and any available capital losses. 
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply 
in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. 
Deferred tax is charged or credited in the Group income statement, 
except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to 
equity, in which case it is also dealt with in equity. 
DIVIDENDS
Dividends payable on the ordinary share capital are recognised as a 
liability in the period in which they are approved.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash comprises cash in hand and on-demand deposits. Cash and 
cash equivalents comprise short-term, highly liquid investments that 
are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are 
subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and original 
maturities of three months or less. 
The cash and cash equivalents shown in the cashflow statement are 
stated net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand in 
accordance with IAS 7. This includes the structured trade finance 
facility held in South Africa as detailed in note 22. These facilities 
are considered to form an integral part of the treasury management 
of the Group and can fluctuate from positive to negative balances 
during the period.
BISICHI PLC
Mining revenue
Coal revenue is derived principally from export revenue and 
domestic revenue. 
Both export revenue and domestic revenue is recognised when the 
customer has a legally binding obligation to settle under the terms 
of the contract when the performance obligations have been 
satisfied, which is once control of the goods has transferred to the 
buyer at the delivery point. For export revenue this is generally 
recognised when the product is delivered to the export terminal 
location specified in the customer contract, at which point control of 
the goods have been transferred to the customer. For domestic coal 
revenues this is generally recognised on collection by the customer 
from the mine or from the mine’s rail siding when loaded into 
transport, where the customer pays the transportation costs. 
Fulfilment costs to satisfy the performance obligations of coal 
revenues such as transport and loading costs borne by the Group 
from the mine to the delivery point are recoded in operating costs. 
Coal revenue is measured based on consideration specified in the 
contract with a customer on a per metric tonne basis. Both export 
and domestic contracts are typically on a specified coal volume basis 
and less than a year in duration. Export contracts are typically linked 
to the price of Free on Board (FOB) Coal from Richards Bay Coal 
Terminal (API4 price). Domestic contracts are typically linked to a 
contractual price agreed. 
Mining costs
Expenditure is recognised in respect of goods and services received. 
Where coal is purchased from third parties at point of extraction the 
expenditure is only recognised when the coal is extracted and all of 
the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been 
transferred.
Mining reserves, plant and equipment
The cost of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase 
price and any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the 
location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in 
accordance with agreed specifications. Freehold land is not 
depreciated. Other property, plant and equipment is stated at 
historical cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost recognised 
includes the recognition of any decommissioning assets related to 
property, plant and equipment.
Heavy surface mining and other plant and equipment is depreciated 
at varying rates depending upon its expected usage. The 
depreciation rates generally applied are between 5-10 per cent per 
annum but limited to the shorter of its useful life or the life of the 
mine. 
Other non–current assets, comprising motor vehicles and office 
equipment, are depreciated at a rate of between 10% and 33% per 
annum which is calculated to write off the cost, less estimated 
residual value of the assets, on a straight line basis over their 
expected useful lives. 
Mine inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. 
Cost includes materials, direct labour and overheads relevant to the 
stage of production. Cost is determined using the weighted average 
method. Net realisable value is based on estimated selling price less 
all further costs to completion and all relevant marketing, selling and 
distribution costs. 

54  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Group accounting policies
Mine provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation 
as a result of a past event which it is probable will result in an 
outflow of economic benefits that can be reliably estimated.
A provision for rehabilitation of the mine is initially recorded at 
present value and the discounting effect is unwound over time as a 
finance cost. Changes to the provision as a result of changes in 
estimates are recorded as an increase/decrease in the provision and 
associated decommissioning asset. The decommissioning asset is 
depreciated in line with the Group’s depreciation policy over the life 
of mine. The provision includes the restoration of the underground, 
opencast, surface operations and de-commissioning of plant and 
equipment. The timing and final cost of the rehabilitation is 
uncertain and will depend on the duration of the mine life and the 
quantities of coal extracted from the reserves. 
Mine impairment
Whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying 
amount of an asset may not be recoverable that asset is reviewed for 
impairment. This includes mining reserves, plant and equipment and 
net investments in joint ventures. A review involves determining 
whether the carrying amounts are in excess of their recoverable 
amounts. An asset’s recoverable amount is determined as the higher of 
its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Such reviews are 
undertaken on an asset-by-asset basis, except where assets do not 
generate cash flows independent of other assets, in which case the 
review is undertaken on a cash generating unit basis.
If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount 
an asset’s carrying value is written down to its estimated 
recoverable amount (being the higher of the fair value less cost to 
sell and value in use) if that is less than the asset’s carrying amount. 
Any change in carrying value is recognised in the comprehensive 
income statement.
Mine reserves and development cost
The purpose of mine development is to establish secure working 
conditions and infrastructure to allow the safe and efficient 
extraction of recoverable reserves. Depreciation on mine 
development is not charged until production commences or the 
assets are put to use. On commencement of full commercial 
production, depreciation is charged over the life of the associated 
mine reserves extractable using the asset on a unit of production 
basis. The unit of production calculation is based on tonnes mined 
as a ratio to proven and probable reserves and also includes future 
forecast capital expenditure. The cost recognised includes the 
recognition of any decommissioning assets related to mine 
development.
Post production stripping
In surface mining operations, the Group may find it necessary to 
remove waste materials to gain access to coal reserves prior to and 
after production commences. Prior to production commencing, 
stripping costs are capitalised until the point where the overburden 
has been removed and access to the coal seam commences. 
Subsequent to production, waste stripping continues as part of the 
extraction process as a run of mine activity. There are two benefits 
accruing to the Group from stripping activity during the production 
phase: extraction of coal that can be used to produce inventory and 
improved access to further quantities of material that will be mined 
in future periods. Economic coal extracted is accounted for as 
inventory. The production stripping costs relating to improved 
access to further quantities in future periods are capitalised as a 
stripping activity asset, if and only if, all of the following are met:
•	 it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with 
the stripping activity will flow to Bisichi;
•	 Bisichi can identify the component of the ore body for which 
access has been improved; and
•	 the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with that 
component or components can be measured reliably.
In determining the relevant component of the coal reserve for which 
access is improved, Bisichi separates its mine into geographically 
distinct sections or phases to which the stripping activities being 
undertaken within that component are allocated. Such phases are 
determined based on assessment of factors such as geology and 
mine planning.
Bisichi depreciates deferred costs capitalised as stripping assets on a 
unit of production method, with reference to the tons mined and 
reserve of the relevant ore body component or phase. The cost is 
recognised within Mine development costs within the balance 
sheet.
SEGMENTAL REPORTING
For management reporting purposes, the Group is organised into 
business segments distinguishable by economic activity. The 
Group’s business segments are LAP operations, Bisichi operations 
and Dragon operations. These business segments are subject to 
risks and returns that are different from those of other business 
segments and are the primary basis on which the Group reports its 
segmental information. This is consistent with the way the Group is 
managed and with the format of the Group’s internal financial 
reporting. Significant revenue from transactions with any individual 
customer, which makes up 10 per cent or more of the total revenue 
of the Group, is separately disclosed within each segment. All coal 
exports are sales to coal traders at Richard Bay’s terminal in South 
Africa with the risks and rewards passing to the coal trader at the 
terminal. Whilst the coal traders will ultimately sell the coal on the 
international markets the Group has no visibility over the ultimate 
destination of the coal. Accordingly, the export sales are recorded as 
South Africa revenue. 
LAP and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) consist of LAP, all of its 
subsidiary undertakings, including Bisichi PLC (“Bisichi”) and Dragon 
Retail Properties Limited (“Dragon”). The Group without Bisichi and 
Dragon is referred to as LAP Group.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 55
financial statements
financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2024
1. RESULTS FOR THE YEAR AND SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS
These operating segments (LAP, Bisichi and Dragon) are each viewed separately and have been so reported below.
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
 
BUSINESS ANALYSIS 
LAP   
£’000  
BISICHI
£’000  
DRAGON
£’000  
2024 
TOTAL
£’000  
 
 
 
 
Rental income
 2,303 
 1,039 
 168 
 3,510 
Service charge income
 149 
 191 
 10 
 350 
Management income from third party properties
 34 
–  
–  
 34 
Mining
–  
 51,023 
–  
 51,023 
Group Revenue
 2,486 
 52,253 
 178 
 54,917 
Direct property costs
(1,100)
(276)
(22)
(1,398)
Impairment of inventory - property
(900)
–  
–  
(900)
Direct mining costs
–  
(33,509)
–  
(33,509)
Overheads
(2,000)
(7,523)
(52)
(9,575)
Depreciation
(267)
(3,975)
–  
(4,242)
Operating (loss)/profit
(1,781)
 6,970 
 104 
 5,293 
Finance income
 92 
 110 
–  
 202 
Finance expenses
(1,437)
(1,464)
(70)
(2,971)
Result before valuation movements 
(3,126)
 5,616 
 34 
 2,524 
Other segment items
 
 
 
 
Net increase on revaluation of investment properties
 1,525 
 150 
 125 
 1,800 
Exchange losses
–  
(23)
–  
(23)
Net increase on revaluation of investments held for trading
–  
 68 
–  
 68 
Profit on disposal of subsidiary
 50 
–  
–  
 50 
Revaluation and other movements
 1,575 
 195 
 125 
 1,895 
(Loss)/profit for the year before taxation
(1,551)
 5,811 
 159 
 4,419 
 
 
 
 
Segment assets
 
 
 
 
- Non-current assets - property
 25,870 
 10,966 
 2,155 
 38,991 
- Non-current assets - plant & equipment
 832 
 22,771 
–  
 23,603 
- Non-current assets - other
–  
 14,339 
–  
 14,339 
- Inventory - property
 8,996 
–  
–  
 8,996 
- Current assets - others
 1,319 
 9,844 
 44 
 11,207 
- Cash & cash equivalents
 1,856 
 1,034 
 36 
 2,926 
Total assets
 38,873 
 58,954 
 2,235 
 100,062 
 
 
 
 
Segment liabilities
 
 
 
 
Borrowings
(18,233)
(6,124)
(735)
(25,092)
Current liabilities
(3,142)
(16,620)
(226)
(19,988)
Non-current liabilities
(1,692)
(2,731)
–  
(4,423)
Total liabilities
(23,067)
(25,475)
(961)
(49,503)
Net assets
 15,806 
 33,479 
 1,274 
 50,559 
 
 
 
 
Major customers
 
 
 
 
Customer A
–  
 13,713 
–  
 13,713 
Customer B
–  
 8,273 
–  
 8,273 
Customer C
–  
 7,608 
–  
 7,608 
These customers are for mining revenue in South Africa.
 
 
GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
 
 
 
UNITED
KINGDOM
£’000
SOUTH
AFRICA 
£’000
2024
TOTAL  
£’000  
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
 4,234 
 50,683 
 54,917 
Operating (loss)/profit
 
(2,558)
 7,851 
 5,293 
Non-current assets excluding investments
 
 39,891 
 22,703 
 62,594 
Total net assets
 
 38,142 
 12,417 
 50,559 
Capital expenditure
 
 903 
 8,160 
 9,063 

56  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
1. RESULTS FOR THE YEAR AND SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS CONTINUED
BUSINESS ANALYSIS 
LAP
£’000
BISICHI
£’000
DRAGON
£’000
2023
TOTAL
£’000
 
 
 
 
Rental income
 3,323 
 1,051 
 168 
 4,542 
Service charge income
 451 
 181 
 6 
 638 
Management income from third party properties
 18 
–  
–  
 18 
Mining
–  
 47,985 
–  
 47,985 
Group Revenue
 3,792 
 49,217 
 174 
 53,183 
Direct property costs
(1,553)
(209)
(10)
(1,772)
Direct mining costs
–  
(38,548)
–  
(38,548)
Overheads
(2,254)
(7,649)
(33)
(9,936)
Depreciation
(266)
(1,493)
(2)
(1,761)
 
 
 
 
Operating (loss)/profit
(281)
 1,318 
 129 
 1,166 
Finance income
 110 
 222 
–  
 332 
Finance expenses
(2,094)
(1,473)
(79)
(3,646)
Result before valuation movements 
(2,265)
 67 
 50 
(2,148)
 
 
 
 
Other segment items
 
 
 
 
Net (decrease)/increase on revaluation of investment properties
(150)
 145 
–  
(5)
Exchange losses
–  
(158)
–  
(158)
Decrease in value of other investments
–  
–  
(6)
(6)
Net increase on revaluation of investments held for trading
–  
 759 
–  
 759 
Profit on disposal of fixed assets
 4 
–  
–  
 4 
Loss on disposal of subsidiary
(1,930)
–  
–  
(1,930)
Revaluation and other movements
(2,076)
 746 
(6)
(1,336)
(Loss)/profit for the year before taxation
(4,341)
 813 
 44 
(3,484)
 
 
 
 
Segment assets
 
 
 
 
- Non-current assets - property
 23,801 
 10,818 
 2,030 
 36,649 
- Non-current assets - plant & equipment
 268 
 18,896 
–  
 19,164 
- Non-current assets - other
–  
 14,258 
–  
 14,258 
- Non-current assets - deferred tax asset
 114 
 318 
–  
 432 
- Inventory - property
 8,889 
–  
–  
 8,889 
- Current assets - others
 1,123 
 9,490 
 113 
 10,726 
- Assets held for sale
 545 
–  
–  
 545 
- Cash & cash equivalents
 3,799 
 3,123 
 56 
 6,978 
Total assets
 38,539 
 56,903 
 2,199 
 97,641 
 
 
 
 
Segment liabilities
 
 
 
 
Borrowings
(17,650)
(7,483)
(950)
(26,083)
Current liabilities
(3,238)
(16,748)
(62)
(20,048)
Non-current liabilities
(1,272)
(1,925)
–  
(3,197)
Total liabilities
(22,160)
(26,156)
(1,012)
(49,328)
Net assets
16,379
30,747
1,187
48,313
 
 
 
 
Major customers
Customer A
–  
 22,283 
–  
 22,283 
Customer B
–  
 10,659 
–  
 10,659 
Customer C
–  
 4,854 
–  
 4,854 
These customers are for mining revenue in South Africa.
 
 
GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
 
 
 
UNITED
KINGDOM
£’000
SOUTH
AFRICA 
£’000
 2023 
TOTAL  
£’000  
Revenue
 
 5,760 
 47,423 
 53,183 
Operating (loss)/profit
 
(481)
 1,647 
 1,166 
Non-current assets excluding investments
 
 37,086 
 19,159 
 56,245 
Total net assets
 
 40,747 
 7,566 
 48,313 
Capital expenditure
 
 81 
 5,909 
 5,990 
Group revenue is external to the Group and the directors consider that inter segmental revenues are not material.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 57
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
2. PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION 
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Profit before taxation is stated after charging/(crediting):
 
 
Staff costs (see note 27)
 9,098 
 8,860 
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets - owned assets
 3,990 
 1,495 
Depreciation on tangible fixed assets - right of use
 321 
 266 
Exchange gain
(24)
(158)
Inventories recognised as an expense
 107 
 777 
Amounts payable to the auditor in respect of both audit and non-audit services
 
 
Audit services
 
 
Statutory - Company and consolidation
 50 
 30 
Subsidiaries - audited by KR
 131 
 129 
Subsidiaries - audited by other auditors
 41 
 40 
 
 222 
 199 
Staff costs are included in overheads. No fees were payable to the auditor for non-audit services.
3. DIRECTORS’ EMOLUMENTS
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Emoluments
 1,920 
 1,890 
Defined contribution pension scheme contributions
 139 
 138 
 
 2,059 
 2,028 
Sir Michael Heller received £nil (2023: £17,000) as a Director of Bisichi PLC.
Mr J A Heller received £9,000 (2023: £9,000) as a Director of Bisichi PLC
Mr A R Heller received £1,235,000 (2023: £985,000) as a Director of Bisichi PLC
Details of directors’ emoluments and share options are set out in the remuneration report.
4. FINANCE INCOME AND EXPENSES
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Finance income
 202 
 332 
Finance expenses
 
 
Interest on bank loans and overdrafts
(2,019)
(2,658)
Unwinding of discount (Bisichi)
(20)
(112)
Other loans
(769)
(705)
Interest on lease obligations
(163)
(171)
Total finance expenses
(2,971)
(3,646)
5. INCOME TAX
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Current tax
 
 
Corporation tax on profit of the period
 454 
 1,318 
Corporation tax on profit of previous periods
 8 
–  
Total current tax
 462 
 1,318 
Deferred tax
 
 
Loss relief
(152)
(313)
Origination of timing differences
 228 
(131)
Revaluation of investment properties
 333 
 124 
Accelerated capital allowances
 1,140 
 725 
Unredeemed capital reductions
(396)
(1,416)
Total deferred tax (note 23)
 1,153 
(1,011)
Tax on profit on ordinary activities
 1,615 
 307 

58  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
5. INCOME TAX CONTINUED
Factors affecting tax charge for the year
The corporation tax charge differs from the amount which would be due at the effective rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom of 
25 per cent (2023: 23.5 per cent). The differences are explained below:
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Profit/(loss) for the year before taxation
 4,419 
(3,484)
Taxation at 25 per cent (2023: 23.5 per cent)
 1,105 
(819)
 
 
 
Effects of:
 
 
Other differences
 138 
 94 
Disallowable expenses
–  
 241 
Capital gains on disposal 
111  
-
Impairment of Investment
–  
 367 
Losses not recognised
 288 
 968 
Non-taxable income
(155)
(224)
Changes in fair values of properties not subject to tax
(17)
(391)
Adjustment in respect of prior years 
 8 
–  
Overseas tax rate
 137 
 71 
Income tax charge for the year
 1,615 
 307 
Analysis of United Kingdom and overseas tax:
United Kingdom tax included above:
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Current tax
–  
–  
Deferred tax
(391)
(86)
 
(391)
(86)
Overseas tax included above:
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Corporation tax
 454 
 1,318 
Adjustment in respect of prior years
 8 
–  
Current tax
 462 
 1,318 
Deferred tax
 1,544 
(925)
 
 2,006 
 393 
Overseas tax is derived from Bisichi’s South African mining operation. The adjustment to tax rate arises due to the tax rate used in the UK 
for the year of 25% (2023: 23.5%) and the corporation tax rate assessed in South Africa for the year of 27% (2023: 27%).
Factors that may affect future tax charges:
Based on current capital expenditure plans, the Group expects to continue to be able to claim capital allowances in excess of depreciation 
in future years, but at a slightly lower level than in the current year.
A deferred tax provision has been made for gains on revaluing investment properties. 
The Finance (no. 2) Act 2017 was substantively enacted on 16 November 2017. This includes a restriction on the utilisation of brought 
forward tax losses and corporate interest in certain circumstances effective from 1 April 2017.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 59
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
6. DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARY
In December 2024 a decision was made to cease the residential development in Purely, London following the rejection of our planning 
application appeal. The company, Development Physics Limited, was subsequently closed and the resulting profit of £50,000 within the 
consolidated accounts of LAP relates to the release of provisions made in previous years.
In July 2023 LAP lost effective control of Orchard Square Limited. LAP no longer has exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its 
involvement with Orchard Square Limited. In accordance with IFRS10, the investment in Orchard Square Limited has been treated as having 
been relinquished in 2023 and neither the loan nor the asset is shown in the accounts at 31 December 2023 or 2024.
The financial results of Orchard Square Limited for 2023 included within these accounts are presented below. None of Orchard Square 
Limited’s results for 2024 are included within these accounts.
In addition to the results of Orchard Square Limited, losses attributable to our ownership of this subsidiary in 2023 are also presented 
below. As the loan associated with Orchard Square Limited is non-recourse to the LAP Group, there will be no future losses to be attributed 
to this subsidiary. All potential losses have been fully provided in 2023. Orchard Square Limited has had no effect on the Group results in 
2024 other than £16,000 of management fee income for LAP.
Result of Orchard Square Limited for the year
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Gross property income
–  
 1,258 
Direct property costs
–  
(646)
Net property income
–  
 612 
Overheads
–  
(34)
Net revenue from property
–  
 578 
Net finance expenses
–  
(750)
Income tax
–  
(19)
Profit before tax attributable to shareholders
–  
(191)
Cash flows from Orchard Square Limited 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Cash flows from operating activities
–  
 474 
Cash flows from investing activities
–  
(12)
Cash flows from financing activities
–  
(882)
Net cash outflow
–  
(420)
Summary of assets and liabilities of Orchard Square Limited
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Inventory - property
–  
 14,750 
Trade and other receivables
–  
 262 
Cash and cash equivalents
–  
 148 
Total assets
–  
 15,160 
 
 
 
Current borrowings
–  
(12,654)
Trade and other payables
–  
(565)
Balances owed to other group companies
–  
(1,317)
Total liabilities
–  
(14,536)
Net assets
–  
 624 
Additional effects of investment in Orchard Square Limited
 
 
2024
£000
2023
£000
Loss on disposal of subsidiary
–  
(1,930)
This loss on disposal is shown in the consolidated results of the Group for the year and includes a full provision for the net assets of 
Orchard Square Limited as at 31 July 2023 and a full provision for the intercompany balances between Orchard Square Limited and the LAP 
Group at 31 December 2023.

60  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
7.  DIVIDEND
No dividends were paid in the year relating to the current or prior period (2023: Nil)
The Directors are not recommending a final dividend for 2024 (2023: Nil).
8. LOSS PER EQUITY SHARE AND NET ASSETS PER EQUITY SHARE
Profit/(loss) per equity share has been calculated as follows:
 
2024
2023
Loss attributable to equity shareholders for the year (£’000)
(373)
(3,861)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue (’000)
 85,326 
 85,326 
Loss per equity share
(0.44)p
(4.52)p
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue for the purpose of diluted loss per share (’000)
 85,326 
 85,326 
Fully diluted loss per share
(0.44)p
(4.52)p
Weighted average number of shares in issue is calculated after excluding treasury shares of 216,715 (2023: 216,715).
Net assets per equity share have been calculated as follows:
 
2024
2023
Net assets attributable to equity shareholders (£’000)
 28,085 
 28,490 
Shares in issue (’000)
 85,326 
 85,326 
Net assets per equity share
32.91p
33.38p
Net assets diluted (£’000)
 28,085 
 28,490 
Shares in issue (’000)
 85,326 
 85,326 
Diluted net assets per share
32.91p
33.38p
9. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES 
 
 
TOTAL
£’000
FREEHOLD
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
OVER 50  
YEARS
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
UNDER 50 
YEARS
£’000
Cost or valuation at 1 January 2024
 36,649 
 29,250 
 7,224 
 175 
Transfer from assets held for sale (note 11)
 545 
 545 
–  
–  
Decrease in present value of head leases
(3)
–  
(3)
–  
Increase/(decrease) on revaluation
 1,800 
 1,790 
 30 
(20)
At 31 December 2024
 38,991 
 31,585 
 7,251 
 155 
 
 
 
 
 
Representing assets stated at:
 
 
 
 
Valuation
 37,405 
 31,585 
 5,670 
 150 
Present value of head leases
 1,586 
–  
 1,581 
 5 
 
 38,991 
 31,585 
 7,251 
 155 
 
 
 
 
 
At 31 December 2024
 38,991 
 31,585 
 7,251 
 155 
At 31 December 2023
 36,649 
 29,250 
 7,224 
 175 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 61
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
9. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES CONTINUED
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
£’000
 
FREEHOLD
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
OVER 50 YEARS
£’000
LEASEHOLD
UNDER 50 
YEARS
£’000
Cost or valuation at 1 January 2023
 37,162 
 29,679 
 7,298 
 185 
Transfer to assets held for sale (note 11)
(545)
(545)
–  
–  
Additions
 38 
–  
 38 
–  
Decrease in present value of head leases
(1)
–  
(1)
–  
Increase/(decrease) on revaluation
(5)
 116 
(111)
(10)
At 31 December 2023
 36,649 
 29,250 
 7,224 
 175 
 
 
 
 
 
Representing assets stated at:
 
 
 
 
Valuation
 35,060 
 29,250 
 5,640 
 170 
Present value of head leases
 1,589 
–  
 1,584 
 5 
At 31 December 2023
 36,649 
 29,250 
 7,224 
 175 
The leasehold and freehold properties, excluding the present value of head leases, were valued as at 31 December 2024 by professionally 
qualified independent firms of chartered surveyors. The valuations were made at fair value.
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Allsop LLP
26,645
24,450
Carter Towler 
10,760
10,610
 
37,405
35,060
Add: present value of headleases
1,586
1,589
 
38,991
36,649
At 31 December 2024 investment properties included £1.6 million (2023: £1.6 million) for the head lease liabilities recognised under IFRS 
16. In the current year total cash outflow for head leases and other lease liabilities is £0.1 million (2023: £0.1 million). A number of these 
leases provide for payment of contingent rent, usually a proportion of net rental income, in addition to fixed rents.
The historical cost of investment properties, including total capitalised interest of £1,161,000 (2023: £1,161,000) was as follows:
 
 2024 
 2023 
 
 
 
FREEHOLD
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
OVER 50 
YEARS
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
UNDER 50 
YEARS 
£’000
 
 
FREEHOLD
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
OVER 50 
YEARS
£’000
LEASEHOLD 
UNDER 50 
YEARS 
£’000
Cost at 1 January 
 32,702 
 9,551 
 785 
 33,283 
 9,551 
 785 
Transfer from/(to) assets held for sale 
(note 11)
 581 
–  
–  
(581)
–  
–  
Additions 
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
Disposals 
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
Cost at 31 December 
 33,283 
 9,551 
 785 
 32,702 
 9,551 
 785 
Each year external valuers are appointed by the executive directors on behalf of the Board. The valuers are selected based upon their 
knowledge, independence and reputation for valuing assets such as those held by the Group.
Valuations are performed annually and are performed consistently across all properties in the Group’s portfolio. At each reporting date 
appropriately qualified employees of the Group verify all significant inputs and review the computational outputs. Valuers submit their 
report to the Board on the outcome of each valuation.
Valuations take into account tenure, lease terms and structural condition. The inputs underlying the valuations include market rent or 
business profitability, likely incentives offered to tenants, forecast growth rates, yields, EBITDA, discount rates, construction costs including 
any specific site costs (for example section 106), professional fees, developer’s profit including contingencies, planning and construction 
timelines, lease regear costs, planning risk and sales prices based on known market transactions for similar properties to those being valued.
Valuations are based on what is determined to be the highest and best use. When considering the highest and best use the valuer will 
consider, on a property by property basis, its actual and potential uses which are physically, legally and financially viable. Where the highest 
and best use differs from the existing use, the valuer will consider the cost and likelihood of achieving and implementing this change in 
arriving at the valuation.

62  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
9. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES CONTINUED
There are often restrictions on Freehold and Leasehold property which could have a material impact on the realisation of these assets. The 
most significant of these occur when planning permission or lease extension and renegotiation of use are required or when a credit facility is 
in place. These restrictions are factored into the property’s valuation by the external valuer.
The methods of fair value measurement are classified into a hierarchy based on the reliability of the information used to determine the 
valuation, as follows:
Level 1:	
valuation based on inputs on quoted market prices in active markets.
Level 2:	
valuation based on inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that maximise the use of observable data directly 
or from market prices or indirectly derived from market prices.
Level 3:	
where one or more significant inputs to valuations are not based on observable market data.
CLASS OF PROPERTY
LEVEL 3
CARRYING /
FAIR VALUE
2024
£'000
CARRYING/ FAIR 
VALUE 2023 
£’000
VALUATION  
TECHNIQUE
KEY UNOBSERVABLE
INPUTS
RANGE 
(WEIGHTED 
AVERAGE) 
2024
RANGE 
(WEIGHTED AV-
ERAGE) 2023
Freehold –  
external valuation
31,585
29,250
Income capitalisation
Estimated Rental Value
Per sq ft p.a
Equivalent Yield
£4 - £34
(£16)
5.1% - 12.3%
(8.4%)
£4 - £34
(£16)
5.3% - 14.3%
(9.2%)
Leasehold over 50 years 
– external valuation
5,670
5,640
Income capitalisation
Estimated Rental Value
Per sq ft p.a
Equivalent Yield
£5 - £10
(£7)
5.8% - 23.7%
(18.3%)
£5 - £10
(£7)
5.8% - 23.7%
(18.6%)
Leasehold under 50 
years – 
 external valuation
150
170
Income capitalisation
Estimated Rental Value
Per sq ft p.a
Equivalent Yield
£5 - £5
(£5)
37.0% – 37.0%
(37.0%)
£5 - £5
(£5)
32.6% – 32.6%
(32.6%)
At 31 December 
37,405
35,060
There are interrelationships between all these inputs as they are determined by market conditions. The existence of an increase in more 
than one input would be to magnify the input on the valuation. The impact on the valuation will be mitigated by the interrelationship of two 
inputs in opposite directions, for example, an increase in rent may be offset by an increase in yield.
The table below illustrates the impact of changes in key unobservable inputs on the carrying / fair value of the Group’s properties.
ESTIMATED RENTAL VALUE
10% INCREASE OR (DECREASE)
EQUIVALENT YIELD
25 BASIS POINT CONTRACTION
OR (EXPANSION)
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Freehold – external valuation
3,156 (3,156)
2,977 (2,977)
1,041 (974)
925 (868)
Leasehold over 50 years – external valuation
567 (567)
564 (564)
100 (96)
99 (96)
Leasehold under 50 years – external valuation
15 (15)
17 (17)
1 (1)
1 (1)

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 63
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
10.  MINING RESERVES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
  
 
 
 
TOTAL
£’000 
 
 
MINING 
RESERVES
£’000 
 
 
MINING
EQUIPMENT
£’000 
RIGHT OF
USE ASSET
- OFFICE
BUILDING
£’000 
OFFICE 
EQUIPMENT 
AND MOTOR
VEHICLES
£’000 
Cost at 1 January 2024
 41,346 
 2,059 
 37,861 
 796 
 630 
Exchange adjustment
(663)
(29)
(628)
–  
(6)
Additions
 9,063 
 20 
 8,135 
 831 
 77 
Disposals in year
(819)
–  
–  
(750)
(69)
At 31 December 2024
 48,927 
 2,050 
 45,368 
 877 
 632 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2024
 22,182 
 925 
 20,273 
 573 
 411 
Exchange adjustment
(350)
(13)
(332)
–  
(5)
Charge for the year
 4,311 
–  
 3,969 
 267 
 75 
Disposals in year
(819)
–  
–  
(750)
(69)
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 2024
 25,324 
 912 
 23,910 
 90 
 412 
Net book value at 31 December 2024
 23,603 
 1,138 
 21,458 
 787 
 220 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost at 1 January 2023
 40,072 
 2,332 
 36,291 
 796 
 653 
Exchange adjustment
(4,653)
(273)
(4,333)
–  
(47)
Valuation decrease
(6)
–  
–  
–  
(6)
Additions
 5,952 
–  
 5,903 
–  
 49 
Disposals
(19)
–  
–  
–  
(19)
Cost at 31 December 2023
 41,346 
 2,059 
 37,861 
 796 
 630 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2023
 23,144 
 1,099 
 21,347 
 307 
 391 
Exchange adjustment
(2,721)
(174)
(2,517)
–  
(30)
Charge for the year
 1,761 
–  
 1,443 
 266 
 52 
Disposals in year
(2)
–  
–  
–  
(2)
Accumulated depreciation at 31 December 2023
 22,182 
 925 
 20,273 
 573 
 411 
Net book value at 31 December 2023
 19,164 
 1,134 
 17,588 
 223 
 219 
Included in the above line items are right-of-use assets over the following:
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
£’000 
 
 
MINING
EQUIPMENT
£’000 
 
 
OFFICE
BUILDING
£’000 
OFFICE 
EQUIPMENT 
AND MOTOR
VEHICLES
£’000 
 Net book value at 1 January 2024 
 370 
 131 
 208 
 31 
 Additions 
 930 
 27 
 831 
 72 
 Disposals 
(25)
(3)
–  
(22)
 Depreciation 
(321)
(34)
(252)
(35)
 Net book value at 31 December 2024 
 954 
 121 
 787 
 46 
 Net book value at 1 January 2023 
 664 
 186 
 457 
 21 
 Exchange adjustment 
 27 
-
-
 27 
 Revaluation 
(26)
(26)
-
-
 Depreciation 
(295)
(29)
(249)
(17)
 Net book value at 31 December 2023 
 370 
 131 
 208 
 31 
11.	 ASSETS HELD FOR SALE
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
 At 1 January 
 545 
–  
 Transfer (to)/from investment property (note 9) 
(545)
 545 
At 31 December
–  
 545 
A decision to sell a retail and residential property in Rugeley was made in 2023. The property failed to achieve the expected value at auction 
and has subsequently been reclassified as investment property in 2024.

64  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
12. SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
In accordance with Section 409 of the Companies Act 2006 a full list of subsidiaries, the principal activity, the country of incorporation and 
the percentage of equity owned, as at 31 December 2024 is disclosed below:
ENTITY
ACTIVITY
PERCENTAGE 
OF SHARE 
CAPITAL
REGISTERED ADDRESS
COUNTRY OF 
INCORPORATION
Analytical Properties Holdings Limited *
Property 
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Analytical Properties Limited
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
LAP Ocean Holdings Limited *
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
London & Associated (Rugeley) Limited
Dormant
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
London & Associated Securities Limited*
Investment 
company
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
London & Associated Management Services 
Limited *
Property 
Management 
Services
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Orchard Chambers Residential Limited*
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi PLC (note C)
Coal mining
41.602%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Mineral Products Limited (notes A, C)
Share dealing
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi (Properties) Limited (notes A, C)
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi Mining (Exploration) Limited (notes A, C)
Holding 
company
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Sisonke Coal Processing (pty) Limited (notes A, C) Coal 
processing
62.5%
Samora Machel Street, Bethal Road, 
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, 1050
South Africa
Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Limited (notes A, C)
Coal mining
62.5%
Samora Machel Street, Bethal Road, 
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, 1050
South Africa
Bisichi Coal Mining (Pty) Limited (notes A, C)
Coal mining
100%
Samora Machel Street, Bethal Road, 
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, 1050
South Africa
Urban First (Northampton) Limited (notes A, C)
Dormant
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi Trustee Limited (notes A, C)
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi Mining Management Services Limited 
(notes A, C)
Dormant
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Ninghi Marketing Limited (notes A, C)
Dormant
90.1%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Bisichi Northampton Limited (notes A, C)
Property
100%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Amandla Ehtu Mineral Resource Development 
(Pty) Limited (notes A, C)
Dormant
70%
Samora Machel Street, Bethal Road, 
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, 1050
South Africa
Black Wattle Klipfontein (Pty) Limited (notes A, C) Coal mining
62.5%
Samora Machel Street, Bethal Road, 
Middelburg, Mpumalanga, 1050
South Africa
Dragon Retail Properties Limited (notes B, C)
Property 
50%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
West Ealing Projects Limited (notes B, C)
Property
50%
12 Little Portland Street, London 
W1W 8BJ
England and Wales
Broadway Regen Limited (notes C, D)
Property
90%
73 Cornhill, London, EC3V 3QQ
England and Wales
Details on the non–controlling interest in subsidiaries are shown under note 25.
Companies shown as Dormant and those marked with an asterisk (*) are exempt from audit by virtue of s479A Companies Act 2006.
Note A: these companies are owned by Bisichi and the equity shareholdings disclosed relate to that company.
Note B: this entity is a joint venture owned 50% by LAP and 50% by Bisichi.
Note C: Bisichi, Dragon, West Ealing Projects and their subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with 
IFRS 10.
Note D: This company is 90% owned by West Ealing Projects Limited and the equity shareholdings disclosed relate to that company.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 65
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
13. INVENTORIES - PROPERTY
Development land and infrastructure:
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
At 1 January
 8,889 
 22,862 
Capitalised expenditure
 545 
 360 
Capitalised interest
 462 
 417 
Impairment
  (900) 
-
Disposal
–  
(14,750)
At 31 December
 8,996 
 8,889 
The net realisable value of developments is assessed by the directors and is subject to key estimates made in respect of future sales prices 
and build costs. Variations in these assumptions can have significant effects on the net realisable value of developments.
In 2018 the Group acquired a development property through West Ealing Projects Limited a 50:50 joint venture with Bisichi. This property 
is held at cost of £8.996 million (2023: £8.889 million) and is currently being developed for sale. At 31 December 2024, the development 
has been impaired by £900,000 to reflect the Director’s assessment of the projects current Net Present Value.
In 2021 the group acquired an option over a residential development opportunity in Purley, London through a joint venture held 33:33:33 
with Bisichi and an external partner. Following an unsuccessful planning application and appeal, a decision was made not to progress this 
development and the associated companies were dissolved.
The Group disposed of its interest in the Orchard Square, Sheffield development property in 2023. Note 6 explains this in more detail, 
including its financial effect.
14.  INVENTORIES - MINING
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Coal
 
 
Washed
 2,334 
 1,949 
Mining production
 1,022 
 542 
Work in progress
–  
 85 
Other
 21 
 3 
 
 3,377 
 2,579 
15.	 INVESTMENTS HELD AS NON-CURRENT ASSETS
 
 
 
2024
TOTAL
£’000
2023
TOTAL
£’000
At 1 January
 14,258 
 12,590 
Additions
 5,143 
 1,189 
Gain
 174 
 856 
Disposals
(5,236)
(377)
At 31 December
14,339
 14,258 
The non-current asset investments belong to Bisichi and comprise Level 1 hierarchy:
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Unquoted investments
 1,451 
–  
Market value of readily realisable investments listed on stock exchanges in the United Kingdom
 3,115 
 6,843 
Market value of readily realisable investments listed on overseas stock exchanges
 9,773 
 7,415 
 
14,339
 14,258 
Dividend income from investments held as non-current assets was £308,000 (2023: £501,000) for the year.
16.	 TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Trade receivables
 5,323 
 4,695 
Other receivables
 1,500 
 2,285 
Prepayments and accrued income
 379 
 433 
 
 7,202 
 7,413 
Note 22 details the group’s credit risk management and loss allowances held for trade receivables. 

66  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
17.	 INVESTMENTS IN LISTED SECURITIES HELD AT FVPL
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Market value of listed investments:
 
 
Listed in Great Britain
 628 
 618 
Listed outside Great Britain
–  
 116 
 
 628 
 734 
Original cost of listed investments
 661 
 760 
Unrealised deficit of market value versus cost
(33)
(26)
The investments in listed securities held at FVPL belong to Bisichi and the market value of listed investments is derived from their quoted 
share price on public markets (Level 1 hierarchy).
18.	TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Trade payables
 10,339 
 8,752 
Other taxation and social security costs
 105 
 118 
Other payables
 3,046 
 3,563 
Accruals and deferred income
 2,258 
 2,030 
 
 15,748 
 14,463 
The directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.
19.	 BORROWINGS
 
 
 
2024
£’000
CURRENT
2024
£’000
NON-CURRENT
2023
£’000
CURRENT
2023
£’000
NON-CURRENT
Other loans (Bisichi)
 8 
 13 
 7 
 22 
£0.74 million term bank loan (secured) repayable by 2027 (Dragon)*
 20 
 715 
 950 
–  
Bank overdrafts (secured) (Bisichi)
 2,258 
–  
 3,534 
–  
£0.04 million term loan (unsecured) repayable by 2026
 8 
 5 
 8 
 12 
£3.96 million term bank loan (secured) repayable by 2029 (Bisichi)*
–  
 3,845 
 3,920 
–  
£4.4 million term loan (secured) - repayable by 2024 (Broadway Regen)
 4,869 
–  
 4,373 
–  
£13.60 million term bank loan (secured) repayable by 2027
–  
 13,351 
–  
 13,257 
 
 7,163 
 17,929 
 12,792 
 13,291 
Borrowings analysis by origin:
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
United Kingdom
 22,812 
 22,520 
South Africa
 2,280 
 3,563 
 
 25,092 
 26,083 
* Shown after deduction of un-amortised issue costs.
Unless stated otherwise in the table above, interest payable on the term bank loans is variable based upon the relevant bank’s base rate, the 
Bank of England base rate or the Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA).
No banking covenants were breached by the group during the year.
The £13.6 million term loan was taken out in August 2022 with QIB (UK) plc and is secured on specific freehold and leasehold properties, 
with a secondary charge of £2 million over the assets of LAP the company. The loan has an interest rate of 3.95% above the Bank of 
England base rate. This loan is covenant compliant. The margin reduces to 2.95% from May 2025, for the remainder of the loan period.
In South Africa, an R85million trade facility is held with Absa Bank Limited by Sisonke Coal Processing (Pty) Limited (“Sisonke Coal 
Processing”) to cover the working capital requirements of the Group’s South African operations. The interest cost of the loan is at the South 
African prime lending rate plus 3.8% The facility is renewable annually, is repayable on demand and is secured by way of a first charge over 
specific pieces of mining equipment, inventory and the debtors of the relevant company which holds the loan which are included in the 
financial statements at a value of £10,008,178 (2023: £9,373,603). All banking covenants were either adhered to or waived by Absa Bank 
Limited during the year. 
Bisichi entered into a £3.9 million term loan facility with Julian Hodge Bank Limited during the year. The debt package has a five-year term 
and is repayable in December 2029. The interest cost of the loan is 4.00% above the Bank of England base rate. The loan is secured by way 
of a first charge over Bisichi’s UK investment properties which are included in the financial statements at a value of £10,760,000 (2023: 
£10,610,000).

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 67
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
19.	  BORROWINGS CONTINUED
Dragon entered into a new £0.74 million loan with Santander during the year. The loan is repayable in April 2027 and is secured by way of a 
first charge on specific freehold property which is included in the financial statements at a value of £2.2 million. The interest cost of the loan 
is 3.5 per cent above the bank’s base rate.
The bank loan of £4.9 million (Broadway Regen) which is repayable in January 2025, is secured by way of a first charge on a specific 
freehold development property, which is included in the financial statements at £9.0 million. The interest cost of the loan is fixed at 11.0% 
per annum. The lender continues to support this development as we progress towards construction start at which point the current loan 
will be repaid.
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are: 
• 	To safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it may provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other 
stakeholders; and
• 	To provide adequate returns to shareholders by ensuring returns are commensurate with the risk.
Analysis of the changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:
 
 
 
2024
£’000
BANK  
BORROWINGS
2024
£’000
LEASE  
OBLIGATIONS
2023
£’000
BANK BOR-
ROWINGS
2023
£’000
LEASE 
 OBLIGATIONS
Balance at 1 January
 26,083 
 1,976 
 39,174 
 2,253 
Exchange adjustments
(39)
(2)
(453)
(24)
Cash movements excluding exchange adjustments
(1,047)
(329)
(138)
(290)
Additions
–  
 929 
(12,654)
–  
Valuation movements
 95 
(1)
 154 
 37 
Balance at 31 December
 25,092 
 2,573 
 26,083 
 1,976 
20. LEASE LIABILITIES
 
 
2024
TOTAL 
£’000
2024
HEAD LEASES 
ON  
INVESTMENT 
PROPERTY 1 
£’000
2024
OFFICE 
£’000
2024
OTHER
£’000
2023
TOTAL
£’000
Minimum lease payments fall due:
 
 
 
 
 
Within one year
518 
122 
323 
73 
410 
Second to fifth year
1,227 
485 
594 
148 
622 
After five years
9,888 
9,888 
-   
-   
10,038 
 
11,633 
10,495 
917 
221 
11,070 
Future finance charges on lease liabilities
(9,060)
(8,909)
(126)
(25)
(9,094)
Present value of lease liabilities
2,573 
1,586 
791 
196 
1,976 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Present value of lease liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Within one year
439 
121 
257 
61 
394 
Second to fifth year
1,106 
437 
534 
135 
547 
After five years
1,028 
1,028 
-   
-   
1,035 
 
2,573
1,586
791
196
1,976
1 Many head leases on investment properties provide for contingent rent in addition to the rents above, usually a proportion of rental income. 
Lease liabilities greater than one year are £2,134,000 (2023: £1,582,000).
Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the leased asset revert to the lessor in the event of default.
21.	 PROVISIONS
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
At 1 January
 1,615 
 1,716 
Exchange adjustment
(44)
(213)
Unwinding of discount
 19 
 112 
At 31 December
 1,590 
 1,615 
The above provision relates to mine rehabilitation costs in Bisichi.

68  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
22.	 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Total financial assets and liabilities
The Group’s financial assets and liabilities and their fair values are as follows: 
 
2024 
2023 
 
 
 
FAIR 
VALUE 
£’000 
CARRYING 
VALUE 
£’000 
FAIR 
VALUE 
£’000 
CARRYING 
VALUE 
£’000 
Cash and cash equivalents
 2,926 
 2,926 
 6,978 
 6,978 
Investments - non-current assets
 14,339 
 14,339 
 14,258 
 14,258 
Investments - current assets
 628 
 628 
 734 
 734 
Trade and other receivables
 9,052 
 9,052 
 8,889 
 8,889 
Other assets
 6,919 
 6,919 
 6,875 
 6,875 
Bank overdrafts
(2,258)
(2,258)
(3,534)
(3,534)
Bank loans
(22,856)
(22,834)
(22,571)
(22,549)
Lease liabilities
(2,573)
(2,573)
(1,976)
(1,976)
Other liabilities
(13,385)
(13,385)
(12,315)
(12,315)
Total financial liabilities before debentures
(7,208)
(7,186)
(2,662)
(2,640)
Treasury policy 
The Group enters derivative transactions such as interest rate swaps and forward exchange contracts in order to help manage the financial 
risks arising from the Group’s activities. The main risks arising from the Group’s financing structure are interest rate risk, liquidity risk, market 
price risk, credit risk, commodity price risk and foreign exchange risk. The policies for managing each of these risks and the principal effects 
of these policies on the results are summarised below.
Sensitivity analysis
The Group has no variable interest term debts which are covered by derivatives. At 31 December 2024, with other variables unchanged, a 
1% increase in interest rates would change the profit/loss for the year by £218,000 (2023: £220,000).
Interest rate risk 
Treasury activities take place under procedures and policies approved and monitored by the Board to minimise the financial risk faced by 
the Group.
The £13.6 million bank loan is secured by way of first charge on specific freehold and leasehold properties. The rates of interest vary based 
on Bank of England base rate in the UK.
The Bisichi United Kingdom bank loan is secured by way of a first charge on their UK retail property portfolio. The rates of interest vary 
based on Bank of England base rate in the UK.
The Bisichi South African bank loans and overdraft are secured by way of a first charge over specific pieces of mining equipment, inventory, 
debtors and cash of the relevant company which holds the loan. The rates of interest vary based on PRIME in South Africa.
The £0.74 million bank loan (Dragon) is secured by way of a first charge on specific freehold property. The rate of interest varies based on 
the bank’s base rate.
The £4.9 million bank loan (Broadway Regen) is secured by way of first charge on a specific freehold development property. This loan is 
based on a fixed interest rate of 11.0%.
Liquidity risk 
The Group’s policy is to minimise refinancing risk by balancing its exposure to interest risk and to refinancing risk. In effect the Group seeks 
to borrow for as long as possible at the lowest acceptable cost. Efficient treasury management and strict credit control minimise the costs 
and risks associated with this policy which ensures that funds are available to meet commitments as they fall due. Cash and cash 
equivalents earn interest at rates based on banks’ base rates in the UK. The cash resources and funding facilities together are considered 
adequate to meet the Group’s anticipated cash flow requirements for the foreseeable future.
The £13.6 million bank loan with QIB (UK) plc is secured against properties within LAP’s retail and industrial portfolio. The debt package has 
a five-year term and is repayable in 2027. The interest cost of the loan is 3.95% above the Bank of England base rate in the UK reducing to 
2.95% above base rate in May 2025.
In South Africa, a R85million trade facility is held with Absa Bank Limited by Sisonke Coal Processing (Pty) Limited (“Sisonke Coal 
Processing”) in order to cover the working capital requirements of Bisichi’s South African operations. The interest cost of the loan is at the 
South African prime lending rate plus 3.8% The facility is renewable annually each January, is repayable on demand and is secured against 
inventory, debtors and cash that are held by Sisonke Coal Processing (Pty) Limited. The facility is included in cash and cash equivalents 
within the cashflow statement.
Bisichi holds a £3.96 million term loan facility with Julian Hodge Bank Limited. The loan is secured against Bisichi’s UK retail property 
portfolio. The debt package has a five-year term and is repayable at the end of the term in December 2029. The interest cost of the loan is 
4.00% above the Bank of England base rate. Bisichi intends to renew or refinance the loan prior to the end of its term.
The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities (excluding interest rate derivatives) into maturity groupings and also provides details 
of the liabilities that bear interest at fixed, floating and non–interest bearing rates.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 69
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
22.	  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CONTINUED
 
 
2024 
TOTAL 
£’000 
LESS THAN
1 YEAR
£’000 
2-5 YEARS 
 
£’000 
OVER 
5 YEARS 
£’000 
Bank overdrafts (floating)
 2,258 
 2,258 
–  
–  
Bank loans (fixed)
 4,882 
 4,877 
 5 
–  
Bank loans (floating)*
 18,314 
 28 
 18,286 
–  
Lease liabilities
 11,633 
 518 
 1,227 
 9,888 
Trade and other payables (non-interest)
 13,385 
 13,385 
–  
–  
 
 50,472 
 21,066 
 19,518 
 9,888 
 
 
 
2023 
TOTAL 
£’000 
LESS THAN
1 YEAR
£’000 
2-5 YEARS
 
£’000 
OVER
5 YEARS 
£’000 
Bank overdrafts (floating)
 3,534 
 3,534 
–  
–  
Bank loans (fixed)
 4,393 
 4,381 
 12 
–  
Bank loans (floating)*
 14,617 
 957 
 13,660 
–  
Lease liabilities
 11,070 
 410 
 622 
 10,038 
Trade and other payables (non-interest)
 12,315 
 12,315 
–  
–  
 
 45,929 
 21,597 
 14,294 
 10,038 
The Group would normally expect that sufficient cash is generated in the operating cycle to meet the contractual cash flows as disclosed 
above through effective cash management. 
Market price risk
The Group is exposed to market price risk through interest rate and currency fluctuations.
Credit risk 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group.
The Group is mainly exposed to credit risk on its cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables. The maximum exposure to credit 
risk is represented by the carrying amount of each financial asset in the balance sheet which at year end amounted to £24,716,000 (2023: 
£27,671,000). 
To mitigate risk on its cash and cash equivalents, the group only deposits surplus cash with well-established financial institutions of 
high-quality credit standing.
The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables. Ageing of past due gross trade receivables and the carrying amount 
net of loss allowances is set out below.
2024
2023
GROSS 
AMOUNT
£’000 
LOSS ALLOW-
ANCE
£’000 
NET CARRYING 
AMOUNT
£’000 
GROSS 
AMOUNT
£’000 
LOSS ALLOW-
ANCE
£’000 
NET CARRYING 
AMOUNT
£’000 
0-30 days
5,112
-
5,112
3,433
(308)
3,125
30-60 days
9
(4)
5
-
-
-
60-90 days
13
(4)
9
9
(3)
6
90+ days
726
(529)
197
489
(205)
284
Total
5,860
(537)
5,323
3,931
(516)
3,415
Being:
Mining
4,668
-
4,668
2,951
(301)
2,650
Property
1,192
(537)
655
980
(215)
765
5,860
(537)
5,323
3,931
(516)
3,415
Gross trade receivables mainly consist of amounts invoiced for rent, service charge and management fees and the sales of coal and all are 
inclusive of VAT and form part of Revenue (see note 1).
Trade receivables are presented in the balance sheet net of loss allowances. The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring 
expected credit losses (ECLs) which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables. Expected loss rates are based on the 
historic credit loss experienced and adjusted for current and forward information affecting the ability of the individual customers to settle 
receivables.
Trade receivables are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery.
In determining the ECLs an analysis of various factors has been performed on a customer by customer basis and it considers the impact of 
economic conditions. These factors include an assessment of the customer’s default risk based on: industry and geographic location; and 
payment record, which includes how many days past due the receivable is, payment concessions granted and credit rating. ECLs are 
recognised net of securities held for the customer.

70  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
22.	  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CONTINUED
Potential customers are evaluated for creditworthiness and where necessary collateral is secured. There is no concentration of credit risk 
within the lease portfolio to either business sector or individual company as the Group has a diverse customer base with no one customer 
accounting for more than three per cent of property rental income.
The loss allowances for trade receivables as at 31 December reconcile to the opening allowances as follows:
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Opening loss allowance at 1 January
516
426
Increase in loan loss allowance recognised in profit and loss during the year
337
341
Receivables written off during the year as uncollectable
(315)
(251)
Closing loss allowance at 31 December
538
516
As at 31 December 2024, the Group held a loss allowance provision for trade receivables of £538,000 (2023: £516,000) and the 
impairment risk remains low with the loss allowance of £538,000 representing 1.0% of total income for the year (2023: 1.0%).  The loss 
allowance at 31 December 2024 relating to property income is 537,000 (2023: £215,000) representing 13.8% of gross property income in 
the year (2023: 4.1%). Three larger tenant failures in 2024 contributed £282,000 of the total loss allowance at 31 December 2024. These 
were all long standing tenants.
Customers’ credit ratings are reviewed regularly. The Group’s review includes measures such as the use of external ratings and establishing 
purchase limits for each customer.
The Group exposure to credit risk on its other receivables is mitigated through ongoing review of the underlying performance and resources 
of the counterparty including evaluation of different scenarios of probability of default and expected loss applicable to each of the 
underlying balances.
Foreign exchange risk 
Only Bisichi is subject to this risk. All trading is undertaken in the local currencies except for certain export sales which are invoiced in US 
Dollars. It is not the Bisichi Group’s policy to obtain forward contracts to mitigate foreign exchange risk on these contracts as payment 
terms are within 15 days of invoice or earlier. Funding is also in local currencies other than inter-company investments and loans and it is 
also not the Bisichi Group’s policy to obtain forward contracts to mitigate foreign exchange risk on these amounts. During 2024 and 2023 
the Bisichi Group did not hedge its exposure of foreign investments held in foreign currencies. 
The principal currency risk to which the Bisichi Group is exposed in regard to inter-company balances is the exchange rate between Pounds 
Sterling and South African Rand. It arises as a result of the retranslation of Rand denominated inter-company trade receivable balances held 
within the UK which are payable by South African Rand functional currency subsidiaries. 
Based on Bisichi’s net financial assets and liabilities at 31 December 2024, a 25% strengthening of Sterling against the South African Rand, 
with all other variables held constant, would decrease the Bisichi Group’s profit after taxation by £231,000 (2023: £280,000). A 25% 
weakening of Sterling against the South African Rand, with all other variables held constant would increase the Bisichi Group’s profit after 
taxation by £386,000 (2023: £466,000). 
The 25% sensitivity has been determined based on the average historic volatility of the exchange rate.
The table below shows the Bisichi currency profiles of cash and cash equivalents:
2024 
£’000
2023 
£’000 
Sterling
297
1,570
South African Rand
874
1,109
US Dollar
4
563
1,175
3,242
Cash and cash equivalents earn interest based on Bank of England rates in Sterling and Prime in Rand. 
The tables below show the Bisichi currency profiles of net monetary assets and liabilities by functional currency:
2024:
UK
£'000 
SOUTH AFRICA 
£'000 
Sterling
8,916
-
South African Rand
1
(11.283)
US Dollar
3,201
-
12,118
(11,283)
2023:
UK
£'000 
SOUTH AFRICA 
£'000 
Sterling
12,082
-
South African Rand
40
(12,583)
US Dollar
2,095
-
14,217
(12,583)

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 71
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
22.	  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CONTINUED
Borrowing facilities 
At 31 December 2024 the Group was within its bank borrowing facilities and was not in breach of any of the covenants. Term loan 
repayments are as set out at the end of this note. Details of other financial liabilities are shown in notes 18, 19 and 20. 
Interest rate and hedge profile 
 
 
2024 
£’000 
2023 
£’000 
Fixed rate borrowings
 4,882 
 4,393 
Floating rate borrowings
 
 
– Other borrowings
 20,210 
 17,770 
 
 25,092 
 22,163 
 
 
 
Average fixed interest rate
10.98%
10.96%
Weighted average cost of debt on overdrafts, bank loans and debentures
10.09%
10.34%
Average period for which borrowing rate is fixed
0.1 years
0.3 years
The Group’s floating rate borrowings bear interest based on Bank of England base rate.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value estimation
The Group has adopted the amendment to IFRS 7 for financial instruments that are measured in the balance sheet at fair value. This 
requires the methods of fair value measurement to be classified into a hierarchy based on the reliability of the information used to 
determine the valuation, as follows:
•	 Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1).
•	 Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) 
or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2).
•	 Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is unobservable inputs) (level 3).
 
 
 
 
 
LEVEL 1 
£’000
LEVEL 2 
£’000
LEVEL 3 
£’000
TOTAL 
£’000
2024
GAIN/(LOSS) 
TO INCOME 
STATEMENT
£’000
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
Quoted equities – non-current assets
 14,339 
–  
–  
 14,339 
 174 
Quoted equities – current assets
 628 
–  
–  
 628 
(33)
Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
–  
–  
–  
–  
–  
 
 
 
 
 
LEVEL 1 
£’000
LEVEL 2 
£’000
LEVEL 3 
£’000
TOTAL 
£’000
2023
GAIN/(LOSS) 
TO INCOME 
STATEMENT
£’000
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
Quoted equities – non-current assets
 14,258 
–  
–  
 14,258 
 856 
Quoted equities – current assets
 734 
–  
–  
 734 
(26)
Capital structure
The Group sets the amount of capital in proportion to risk. It ensures that the capital structure is commensurate to the economic conditions 
and risk characteristics of the underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may vary the amount of 
dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.
The Group considers its capital to include share capital, share premium, capital redemption reserve, translation reserve and retained 
earnings, but excluding the interest rate derivatives.
Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors its capital by its debt to equity ratio (gearing levels). This is calculated as the net 
debt (loans less cash and cash equivalents) as a percentage of the equity calculated as follows: 
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
 Total debt 
 27,665 
 28,060 
 Less cash and cash equivalents 
(2,926)
(6,978)
 Net debt 
 24,739 
 21,082 
 Total equity 
 50,559 
 48,313 
 
48.9%
43.6%
The Group does not have any externally imposed capital requirements.
Following the introduction of IFRS 16 total debt includes lease liabilities.

72  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
22.	  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CONTINUED
FINANCIAL ASSETS
The Group’s principal financial assets are bank balances and cash, trade and other receivables, investments and assets held for sale. The 
Group has no significant concentration of credit risk as exposure is spread over a large number of counterparties and customers. The credit 
risk in liquid funds and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by 
international credit–rating agencies. The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade receivables. The amounts presented in the 
balance sheet are net of allowances for doubtful receivables, estimated by the Group’s management based on prior experience and the 
current economic environment.
FINANCIAL ASSETS MATURITY
Cash and cash equivalents all have a maturity of less than three months.
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Cash at bank and in hand 
 2,926 
 6,978 
These funds are primarily invested in short term bank deposits maturing within one year bearing interest at the bank’s variable rates. 
Financial liabilities maturity
The following table sets out the maturity profile of contractual undiscounted cashflows of financial liabilities as at 31 December:
Repayment of borrowings
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
 Bank loans and overdrafts: 
 
 
 Repayable on demand or within one year 
 7,163 
 8,873 
 Repayable between two and five years 
 17,929 
 17,211 
 
 25,092 
 26,084 
Certain borrowing agreements contain financial and other conditions that if contravened by the Group, could alter the repayment profile.
23.	 DEFERRED TAX (LIABILITY) / ASSET
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Balance at 1 January
 432 
(752)
Transferred to consolidated income statement
(1,153)
 1,011 
Exchange adjustment
 22 
 173 
Balance at 31 December
(699)
 432 
 
 
 
The deferred tax balance comprises the following:
 
 
Revaluation of properties
(1,598)
(1,265)
Accelerated capital allowances
(5,626)
(4,558)
Short-term timing differences
 319 
 560 
Unredeemed capital deductions
 3,024 
 2,665 
Losses and other deductions
 3,182 
 3,030 
Deferred tax (liability) / asset at end of year:
(699)
 432 
There is no time limit in respect of the Group tax loss relief.
In addition, the Group has unused losses and reliefs with a potential value of £10,991,000 (2023: £12,345,000), which have not been 
recognised as a deferred tax asset. As the Group returns to profit, these losses and reliefs can be utilised. The valuation of losses is based 
on a 25% tax rate (2023: 25%).
24.	 SHARE CAPITAL
The Company has one class of ordinary shares which carry no right to fixed income.
 
 
 
 
NUMBER OF 
ORDINARY 10P
SHARES
2024
NUMBER OF 
ORDINARY 10P
SHARES
2023
 
 
2024
£’000 
 
 
2023
£’000 
Authorised: ordinary shares of 10p each 
 110,000,000 
 110,000,000 
 11,000 
 11,000 
Allotted, issued and fully paid share capital
 85,542,711 
 85,542,711 
 8,554 
 8,554 
Less: held in Treasury (see below)
(216,715)
(216,715)
(22)
(22)
“Issued share capital” for reporting purposes
 85,325,996 
 85,325,996 
 8,532 
 8,532 

financial statements Notes to the financial statements
London & Associated Properties PLC 2023 73
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
24.	  SHARE CAPITAL CONTINUED
Treasury shares
 
 
NUMBER OF ORDINARY 
10P SHARES
COST / ISSUE VALUE
 
 
 
2024
2023
 
2024
2023
£’000 
£’000 
Shares held in Treasury at 1 January 
 216,715 
 216,715 
 144 
 144 
Shares held in Treasury at 31 December 
 216,715 
 216,715 
 144 
 144 
Share Option Schemes
Employees’ share option scheme (Approved scheme)
At 31 December 2024 there were no options to subscribe for ordinary shares outstanding, issued under the terms of the Employees’ Share 
Option Scheme.
This share option scheme was approved by members in 1986 and has been approved by His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). 
There are no performance criteria for the exercise of options under the Approved scheme, as this was set up before such requirements 
were considered to be necessary.
A summary of the shares allocated and options issued under the scheme up to 31 December 2024 is as follows:
 
 
CHANGES DURING THE YEAR
 
 
AT 1
JANUARY
2024
 
OPTIONS
EXERCISED
 
OPTIONS
GRANTED
 
OPTIONS
LAPSED
AT 31 
DECEMBER
2024
Shares issued to date 
 2,367,604 
– 
– 
– 
 2,367,604 
Shares allocated over which options have not been granted
 1,549,955 
– 
– 
– 
 1,549,955 
Total shares allocated for issue to employees under the scheme
 3,917,559 
– 
– 
– 
 3,917,559 
Non–approved Executive Share Option Scheme (Unapproved scheme)
A share option scheme known as the “Non–approved Executive Share Option Scheme” which does not have HMRC approval was set up 
during 2000. At 31 December 2024 there were no options to subscribe for ordinary shares outstanding.
The exercise of options under the Unapproved scheme is subject to the satisfaction of objective performance conditions specified by the 
remuneration committee which conforms to institutional shareholder guidelines and best practice provisions.
A summary of the shares allocated and options issued under the scheme up to 31 December 2024 is as follows:
 
 
CHANGES DURING THE YEAR
 
 
 
 
AT 1
JANUARY
2024
 
OPTIONS
EXERCISED
 
OPTIONS
GRANTED
 
OPTIONS
LAPSED
AT 31 
DECEMBER
2024
Shares issued to date 
 450,000 
– 
– 
– 
 450,000 
Shares allocated over which options have not yet been granted
 550,000 
– 
– 
– 
 550,000 
Total shares allocated for issue to employees under the scheme 
 1,000,000 
– 
– 
– 
 1,000,000 
The Bisichi PLC Unapproved Option Schemes 
Details of the share option schemes in Bisichi are as follows:
 
 
 
 
YEAR OF GRANT
 
 
 
SUBSCRIPTION 
PRICE PER SHARE 
 
 
PERIOD WITHIN 
WHICH OPTIONS 
EXERCISABLE 
 
NUMBER OF SHARES
FOR WHICH OPTIONS 
OUTSTANDING AT 
31 DECEMBER 2023
NUMBER OF 
SHARE OPTIONS 
ISSUED/EXERCISED/ 
(CANCELLED) 
DURING YEAR 
 
NUMBER OF SHARES 
FOR WHICH OPTIONS 
OUTSTANDING AT 
31 DECEMBER 2024
2022
352.0p Feb 2022 - Feb 2032
 760,000 
– 
 760,000 
The exercise of options under the Unapproved Share Option Schemes, for certain option issues, is subject to the satisfaction of the 
objective performance conditions specified by the Bisichi remuneration committee, which will conform to institutional shareholder 
guidelines and best practice provisions in force from time to time.
There are no performance or service conditions attached to 2022 options which are outstanding at 31 December 2024. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2024
NUMBER
2024
WEIGHTED 
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
 
 
2023
NUMBER
2023
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICE
Outstanding at 1 January
 760,000 
352.0p
 760,000 
352.0p
Outstanding at 31 December
 760,000 
352.0p
 760,000 
352.0p
Exercisable at 31 December
 760,000 
352.0p
 760,000 
352.0p

74  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
25. NON–CONTROLLING INTEREST (“NCI”)
 
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
As at 1 January
 19,823 
 21,169 
Share of profit for the year
 3,177 
 70 
Dividends paid
(436)
(936)
Exchange movement
(90)
(480)
As at 31 December
 22,474 
 19,823 
The following subsidiaries had material NCI:
Bisichi PLC 
Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd
Summarised financial information for these subsidiaries is set out below. The information is before inter–company eliminations with other 
companies in the Group.
 
BISICHI PLC
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Revenue
 52,289 
 49,253 
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent
 1,117 
 259 
Profit for the year attributable to NCI
 2,288 
 51 
Profit for the year
 3,405 
 310 
Other comprehensive expense attributable to owners of the parent
(77)
(469)
Other comprehensive expense attributable to NCI
(45)
(206)
Other comprehensive expense for the year
(122)
(675)
Balance sheet
 
 
Non–current assets
 48,707 
 45,292 
Current assets
 12,974 
 14,489 
Total assets
 61,681 
 59,781 
Current liabilities
(18,962)
(24,241)
Non–current liabilities
(6,589)
(1,946)
Total liabilities
(25,551)
(26,187)
Net current assets at 31 December
 36,130 
 33,594 
Cash flows
 
 
From operating activities
 9,433 
 2,798 
From investing activities
(7,929)
(6,479)
From financing activities
(2,341)
(4,235)
Net cash flows
(837)
(7,916)
The non–controlling interest comprises of a 37.5% shareholding in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd, a coal mining company incorporated in 
South Africa.
Summarised financial information reflecting 100% of the underlying subsidiary’s relevant figures, is set out below.
 
BLACK WATTLE COLLIERY (PTY) LIMITED (“BLACK WATTLE”)
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Revenue
 48,335 
 47,423 
Expenses
(43,549)
(47,275)
Profit for the year
 4,786 
 148 
Total comprehensive income for the year
 4,786 
 148 
Balance sheet
 
 
Non–current assets
 22,704 
 18,843 
Current assets
 9,414 
 9,033 
Current liabilities
(18,549)
(20,460)
Non–current liabilities
(3,740)
(2,252)
Net assets at 31 December
 9,829 
 5,164 

25. NON–CONTROLLING INTEREST (“NCI”) CONTINUED
The non-controlling interest originates from the disposal of a 37.5% shareholding in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd in 2010 when the total 
issued share capital in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd was increased from 136 shares to 1,000 shares at par of R1 (South African Rand) 
through the following shares issue:
•	 a subscription for 489 ordinary shares at par by Bisichi Mining (Exploration) Limited increasing the number of shares held from 136 
ordinary shares to a total of 625 ordinary shares;
•	 a subscription for 110 ordinary shares at par by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd;
•	 a subscription for 265 “A” shares at par by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd
On 12 April 2022 the total issued share capital in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd was increased further from 1000 shares to 1002 shares at 
par of R1 through the following share issue:
•	 a subscription of 1 “B” Share at par by Bisichi Mining (Exploration Limited);
•	 a subscription of 1 “B” Share at par by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd
Bisichi Mining (Exploration) Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bisichi PLC incorporated in England and Wales. 
Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd is a South African Black Economic Empowerment company and minority shareholder in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd. 
The “A” shares rank pari passu with the ordinary shares save that they will have no dividend rights until such time as the dividends paid by 
Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd on the ordinary shares subsequent to 30 October 2008 will equate to R832,075,000.
A non-controlling interest of 15% in Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd is recognised for all profits distributable to the 110 ordinary shares held 
by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd from the date of issue of the shares (18 October 2010). An additional non-controlling interest will be recognised 
for all profits distributable to the 265 “A” shares held by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd after such time as the profits available for distribution, in 
Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd, before any payment of dividends after 30 October 2008, exceeds R832,075,000.
The “B” shares rank pari passu with the ordinary shares save that they have sole rights to the distributable profits attributable to certain 
mining reserves held by Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd. A non-controlling interest is recognised for all profits distributable to the “B” shares 
held by Vunani Mining (Pty) Ltd from the date of issue of the shares (12 April 2022). 
26. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
 
 
 
COST RE-
CHARGED
(BY) / TO RE-
LATED
PARTY
£’000
 
 
 
 
AMOUNTS 
OWED
(TO) / BY RE-
LATED
PARTY
£’000
ADVANCED
BY RELATED
PARTY
£’000
Related party: 
 
 
 
 
Simon Heller Charitable Trust
 
 
 
 
	
Current account 
(63)
 
– 
 63 
	
Loan account 
– 
 
(700)
– 
Directors and key management
 
 
 
 
	
M A Heller, J A Heller and A R Heller
 18 
(i)
– 
(18)
	
J Mintz
– 
 
 10 
– 
	
C A Parritt
(18)
(ii)
– 
 18 
	
R Priest
(35)
(ii)
(9)
 35 
	
London & Associated Securities
– 
(ii)
– 
– 
Totals at 31 December 2024
(98)
 
(699)
 98 
Totals at 31 December 2023
(98)
 
(699)
– 
Nature of costs recharged – (i) Property management fees (ii) Consultancy fees. 
Directors	
JA Heller and AR Heller have an interest in a number of private property companies. London & Associated Properties PLC uses agents to 
assist with day to day property management matters. In their agency capacity those agents also provide support to these private property 
companies. The approximate value of the services amounted to £61,000 (2023 £70,000).
In addition the Company received management fees of £10,000 (2023: £10,000) for work done for two charitable foundations, the 
Michael & Morven Heller Charitable Foundation and the Simon Heller Charitable Trust.
Until his death Sir Michael Heller was also interested in the private property companies in which JA Heller and AR Heller are interested
The Simon Heller Trust has placed on deposit with LAP £700,000 at an interest rate of 9% which is refundable on demand.
An interest free loan of £10,000 made to J Mintz remained outstanding at year end.
C A Parritt provided consultancy services to the Company on an invoiced fee basis.
R Priest provided consultancy services to the Company on an invoiced fee basis. 
In 2012 a loan was made by Bisichi to one of the Bisichi directors, Mr A R Heller, for £116,000. Interest is payable on the director’s Loan at 
a rate of 6.14 per cent. There is no fixed repayment date for the director’s Loan. The loan amount outstanding at year end was £41,000 
(2023: £41,000) and no repayment (2023: £nil) was made during the year.
The directors are considered to be the only key management personnel and their remuneration including employer’s national insurance for 
the year was £2,317,000 (2023: £2,279,000). All other disclosures required, including interest in share options in respect of those directors, 
are included within the remuneration report.
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
London & Associated Properties PLC 2023 75

76  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
27.	EMPLOYEES
The average number of employees, including directors, of the Group during the year was as follows: 
 
2024
2023
Production
200
209
Administration
27
39
 
227
248
Staff costs during the year were as follows:
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000 
Salaries and other costs
8,176
7,825
Social security costs
384
497
Pension costs
538
538
 
9,098
8,860
28. CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
There are no commitments for capital expenditure approved or contracted at the year end (2023: £nil).
29.  LEASE RENTALS RECEIVABLE
The Group leases out its investment properties to tenants under operating leases. The future aggregate minimum rentals receivable under 
non–cancellable operating leases are as follows:
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Not later than one year
3,024
2,920
Later than one year, but not more than two years
 2,683 
 2,569 
Later than two years, but not more than three years
 2,263 
 2,206 
Later than three years, but not more than four years
 1,941 
 1,756 
Later than four years, but not more than five years 
1,514 
1,471
More than 5 years
11,738
11,208
 
23,163
22,130
30. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD
There were no contingent liabilities at 31 December 2024 (2023: £220,000), except as disclosed in note 22. An exit fee of £220,000 due 
to Paragon, the lender to our development in West Ealing, has been incurred and accrued to the balance of the loan. This was disclosed as a 
contingent liability in 2023.
Bank guarantees have been issued by the bankers of Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Limited on behalf of the Company to third parties. The 
guarantees are secured against the assets of the Company and have been issued in respect of the following:
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
Rail siding & transportation
42
43
Rehabilitation of mining land
1,590
1,614
Water & electricity
41
41
 
1,673
1,698
The interpretation of laws and regulations in South Africa where Bisichi operates can be complex and can lead to challenges from or 
disputes with regulatory authorities. Such situations often take significant time to resolve. Where there is a dispute and where a reliable 
estimate of the potential liability cannot be made, or where Bisichi, based on legal advice, considers that it is improbable that there will be 
an outflow of economic resources, no provision is recognised.
Black Wattle Colliery (Pty) Ltd is currently involved in a tax dispute in South Africa related to VAT. The dispute arose during the year ended 
31 December 2020 and is related to events which occurred prior to the years ended 31 December 2020. As at 24 April 2025, Bisichi has 
been advised that it has a strong legal case, that it has complied fully with the legislation and, therefore, no economic outflow is expected to 
occur. Because of the nature and complexity of the dispute, the possible financial effect of a negative decision cannot be measured reliably. 
Accordingly, no provision has been booked at the year end. At this stage, Bisichi believes that the dispute will be resolved in its favour. 
There have been no events or transaction that require adjustment or disclosure.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 77
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.	 COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Company balance sheet at 31 December 2024
 
 
NOTES
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000 
Fixed assets
 
 
 
Tangible assets
31.3
 987 
 443 
Other investments:
 
 
 
Associated company
31.4
 489 
 489 
Subsidiaries and others
31.4
 164 
 672 
 
 
 653 
 1,161 
 
 
 1,640 
 1,604 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Debtors
31.5
 13,504 
 13,444 
Bank balances
 
 1,549 
 3,398 
 
 
 15,053 
 16,842 
Creditors
 
 
 
Amounts falling due within one year
31.6
(1,564)
(1,897)
Net current assets
 
 13,489 
 14,945 
Total assets less current liabilities
 
 15,129 
 16,549 
 
 
 
 
Creditors
 
 
 
Amounts falling due after more than one year
31.7
(539)
(5)
Net assets
 
 14,590 
 16,544 
 
 
 
 
Capital and reserves
 
 
 
Share capital
31.9
 8,554 
 8,554 
Share premium account
 
 4,866 
 4,866 
Capital redemption reserve
 
 47 
 47 
Treasury shares
31.9
(144)
(144)
Retained earnings
 
 1,267 
 3,221 
Shareholders’ funds
 
 14,590 
 16,544 
The loss for the financial year was £1,954,000 (2023: £2,355,000)
These financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 29 April 2025 and signed on its behalf by:
John Heller	
Jonathan Mintz	
Company Registration No. 341829 
Director	
Director

78  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SHARE
CAPITAL
£’000 
 
 
 
SHARE 
PREMIUM
£’000 
 
 
CAPITAL
REDEMPTION
RESERVE
£’000 
 
 
 
TREASURY 
SHARES
£’000 
RETAINED 
EARNINGS
EXCLUDING 
TREASURY 
SHARES
£’000 
 
 
 
TOTAL
EQUITY
£’000 
Balance at 1 January 2023
 8,554 
 4,866 
 47 
(144)
 5,576 
 18,899 
 Loss for the year 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(2,355)
(2,355)
Total comprehensive expense
– 
– 
– 
– 
(2,355)
(2,355)
Balance at 31 December 2023
 8,554 
 4,866 
 47 
(144)
 3,221 
 16,544 
 Loss for the year 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(1,954)
(1,954)
 Total comprehensive expense 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(1,954)
(1,954)
Balance at 31 December 2024
 8,554 
 4,866 
 47 
(144)
 1,267 
 14,590 
£1.3 million (2023: £3.2 million) of retained earnings (excluding treasury shares) is distributable.
31.1. COMPANY 
Accounting policies
The following are the main accounting policies of the Company:
Basis of preparation
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 ’Reduced 
Disclosure Framework’ (FRS 101) and Companies Act 2006. The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention as 
modified to include the revaluation of freehold and leasehold properties and fair value adjustments in respect of current asset investments 
and interest rate hedges.
The results of the Company are included in the consolidated financial statements. No profit or loss is presented by the Company as 
permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006. 
In these financial statements, the company has applied the exemptions available under FRS 101 in respect of the following disclosures:
•	 Cash Flow Statement and related notes; 
•	 Comparative period reconciliations for share capital, tangible fixed assets and intangible assets; 
•	 Disclosures in respect of transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries; 
•	 Disclosures in respect of capital management; 
•	 The effects of new but not yet effective IFRSs; 
•	 Disclosures in respect of the compensation of Key Management Personnel.
As the consolidated financial statements include the equivalent disclosures, the Company has also taken the exemptions under FRS 101 
available in respect of the following disclosures:
•	 IFRS 2 Share Based Payments in respect of Group settled share based payments;
•	 The disclosures required by IFRS 7 and IFRS 13 regarding financial instrument disclosures have not been provided apart from those 
which are relevant for the financial instruments which are held at fair value and are not either held as part of the trading portfolio or 
derivatives.
Key judgements and estimates
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make assumptions and estimates that may affect the reported amounts 
of assets and liabilities and the reported income and expenses, further details of which are set out below. Although management believes 
that the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable, the actual results may differ from those estimates. Further details of the estimates 
are contained in the Directors’ Report and in the Group accounting policies.
Investments in subsidiaries, associated undertakings and joint ventures
Investments in subsidiaries, associated undertakings and joint ventures are held at cost less accumulated impairment losses.
Fair value measurements of investment properties and investments 
An assessment of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, in particular investment properties, is required. In such instances, fair value 
measurements are estimated based on the amounts for which the assets and liabilities could be exchanged between market participants. To 
the extent possible, the assumptions and inputs used take into account externally verifiable inputs. However, such information is by its 
nature subject to uncertainty. The fair value measurement of the investment properties may be considered to be less judgemental where 
external valuers have been used as is the case with the Company. 

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 79
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.1. COMPANY CONTINUED
The following accounting policies are consistent with those of the Group and are disclosed on page 42 to 48 of the Group financial 
statements.
•	 Revenue	
•	 Property operating expenses
•	 Employee benefits
•	 Financial instruments 
•	 Investment properties
•	 Other assets and depreciation
•	 Assets held for sale
•	 Income taxes
•	 Leases
31.2. RESULT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR
The Company’s result for the year was a loss of £1,954,000 (2023: £2,355,000). In accordance with the exemption conferred by Section 
408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has not presented its own profit and loss account.
31.3. TANGIBLE ASSETS	
 
INVESTMENT PROPERTIES
OFFICE
 
 
 
 
TOTAL
£’000
 
 
FREEHOLD
£’000
 
LEASEHOLD
OVER 50 YEARS
£’000
 LEASEHOLD
UNDER 50 
YEARS
£’000
EQUIPMENT
AND MOTOR 
VEHICLES
£’000
 
OFFICE
BUILDING
£’000
Cost or valuation at 1 January 2024
 1,037 
– 
– 
 175 
 66 
 796 
Additions in the year
 831 
– 
– 
– 
– 
 831 
Disposals
(750)
– 
– 
– 
– 
(750)
Decrease on revaluation
(20)
– 
– 
(20)
– 
– 
Cost or valuation at 31 December 2024
 1,098 
– 
– 
 155 
 66 
 877 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Representing assets stated at:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Valuation
 175 
– 
– 
 175 
–
– 
Cost
 943 
– 
– 
– 
 66 
 877 
 
 1,118 
– 
– 
 175 
 66 
 877 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation at 1 January 2024
 594 
– 
– 
– 
 21 
 573 
Charge for the year
 267 
– 
– 
– 
– 
 267 
Disposals
(750)
– 
– 
– 
– 
(750)
Depreciation at 31 December 2024
 111 
– 
– 
– 
 21 
 90 
Net book value at 1 January 2024
 443 
– 
– 
 175 
 45 
 223 
Net book value at 31 December 2024
 987 
– 
– 
 155 
 45 
 787 
The freehold and leasehold properties, excluding the present value of head leases and directors’ valuations, were valued as at 31 December 
2024 by professional firms of chartered surveyors. The valuations were made at fair value.
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Allsop LLP
150
170
Add: Present value of headleases
5
5
 
155
175

80  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.3. TANGIBLE ASSETS CONTINUED
The historical cost of investment properties was as follows:
 
 
 
FREEHOLD 
£’000 
 
LEASEHOLD
OVER 50 YEARS
£’000
 
LEASEHOLD
UNDER 50 
YEARS
£’000
Cost at 1 January 2024
– 
– 
 785 
Cost at 31 December 2024
– 
– 
 785 
Head leases on investment property represent the value attributed to the right of the Company to occupy and use investment property that 
has a head lease interest. In the current year total cash outflow for head leases is £nil (2023: £nil). A number of these leases provide for 
payment of contingent rent, usually a proportion of net rental income, in addition to fixed rents.
Office building represents the value attributed under IFRS 16 to the right of the Company to occupy its sole office building. In the current 
year total cash outflow for the office lease liability is £0.3 million (2023: £0.3 million).
31.4. OTHER INVESTMENTS
COST OR VALUATION
 
 
TOTAL
£’000
SHARES IN
SUBSIDIARY
COMPANIES
£’000
SHARES IN
JOINT
VENTURES
£’000
 
SHARES IN
ASSOCIATE 
£’000
At 1 January 2024
 1,161 
 508 
 164 
 489 
Impairment provision
(508)
(508)
– 
– 
At 31 December 2024
 653 
– 
 164 
 489 
Subsidiary companies
Details of the Company’s subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are set out in note 12. Dragon is a joint venture and Bisichi and West 
Ealing are associates of the Company.
31.5. DEBTORS
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Trade debtors
 15 
 27 
Amounts due from associate and joint ventures
 1,945 
 1,978 
Amounts due from subsidiary companies
 11,215 
 11,138 
Other debtors
 240 
 157 
Prepayments and accrued income
 89 
 144 
 
 13,504 
 13,444 
31.6. CURRENT LIABILITIES
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Trade payables
 76 
 45 
Amounts owed to subsidiary companies
– 
 382 
Amounts owed to joint ventures
– 
 33 
Other taxation and social security costs
 105 
 118 
Lease liabilities
 257 
 223 
Other creditors
 719 
 738 
Accruals and deferred income
 407 
 358 
 
 1,564 
 1,897 
Borrowings
The company has no bank borrowings.

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 81
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.7. CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Lease liabilities
 539 
 5 
 
 539 
 5 
Lease liabilities
 
 
 
2024
TOTAL 
£’000
2024
HEAD LEASES 
ON  
INVESTMENT 
PROPERTY1 
£’000
2024
 OFFICE 
 £’000 
2023
TOTAL
£’000
 Minimum lease payments fall due: 
 
 
 
 
 Within one year 
 323 
– 
 323 
 239 
 Second to fifth year 
 596 
 2 
 594 
 2 
 After five years 
 12 
 12 
– 
 12 
 
 931 
 14 
 917 
 253 
 Future finance charges on lease liabilities 
(135)
(9)
(126)
(25)
 Present value of lease liabilities 
 796 
 5 
 791 
 228 
 
 
 
 
 
 Present value of lease liabilities: 
 
 
 
 
 Within one year 
 257 
– 
 257 
 223 
 Second to fifth year 
 536 
 2 
 534 
 2 
 After five years 
 3 
 3 
– 
 3 
 
 796 
 5 
 791 
 228 
1 	 Many head leases on investment properties provide for contingent rent in addition to the rents above, usually a proportion of rental income. 
Lease liabilities greater than one year are £539,000 (2023: £5,000).
Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the leased asset revert to the lessor in the event of default.
31.8. DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY
 
2024
£’000 
2023
£’000
Deferred Taxation
 
 
Balance at 1 January
– 
– 
Balance at 31 December
– 
– 
The deferred tax balance comprises the following:
Accelerated capital allowances
(137)
(132)
Short–term timing differences
 290 
 290 
Revaluation of investment properties
(7)
(4)
Loss relief
(146)
(154)
Deferred tax liability at year end
– 
– 

82  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.9. SHARE CAPITAL
Details of share capital, treasury shares and share options are set out in note 24.
31.10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
 
 
 
COST RE-
CHARGED
TO (BY) RELAT-
ED
PARTY
£’000
 
 
 
 
AMOUNTS 
OWED
BY (TO) RELAT-
ED
PARTY
£’000
ADVANCED TO
(BY) RELATED
PARTY
£’000
Related party: 
 
 
 
 
Dragon Retail Properties Limited
 
 
 
 
	
Current account 
 36 
(i)
 76 
 73 
West Ealing Projects Limited
 
 
 
 
	
Current account 
– 
 
 1,945 
 327 
Bisichi PLC 
 
 
 
 
	
Current account 
 200 
(ii)
– 
(200)
Simon Heller Charitable Trust
 
 
 
 
	
Current account 
(63)
 
– 
 63 
	
Loan account 
– 
 
(700)
– 
Directors and key management
 
 
 
 
	
M A Heller, J A Heller and A R Heller
 18 
(i)
– 
(18)
	
J Mintz
– 
 
 10 
– 
	
C A Parritt
(18)
(iii)
– 
 18 
	
R Priest
(35)
(iii)
(9)
 35 
Totals at 31 December 2024
 138 
 
 1,322 
 298 
Totals at 31 December 2023
 138 
 
 1,113 
 465 
Nature of costs recharged – (i) Management fees (ii) Property management fees (iii) Consultancy fees 
During the period, the Company entered into transactions, in the ordinary course of business, with other related parties. The company has 
taken advantage of the exemption under paragraph 8(k) of FRS101 not to disclose transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries.
Dragon Retail Properties Limited – ‘Dragon’ is owned equally by the Company and Bisichi PLC.
Bisichi PLC – The company has 41.602 per cent ownership of ‘Bisichi’.
Other details of related party transactions are given in note 26.
31.11. EMPLOYEES
The average weekly number of employees of the company during the year were as follows:
 
2024
2023
Directors & Administration 
11
24
Staff costs during the year were as follows:
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
 Salaries 
 1,121 
 1,330 
 Social Security costs 
125
 171 
 Pension costs 
 91 
 89 
 
1,337
1,590
31.12. CAPITAL COMMITMENTS
There were no capital commitments at 31 December 2024 (2023 – none).

London & Associated Properties PLC 2024 83
financial statements Notes to the financial statements
31.13. FUTURE AGGREGATE MINIMUM RENTALS RECEIVABLE
The Company leases out its investment properties to tenants under operating leases. The future aggregate minimum rentals receivable 
under non–cancellable operating leases are as follows:
Future aggregate minimum rentals receivable
 
 
2024
£’000
2023
£’000
1 year
 5 
 7 
2 years
– 
 5 
 
 5 
 12 
31.14. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS
There were no contingent liabilities at 31 December 2024 (2023: none).
There have been no events or transactions that require adjustment or disclosure.

84  London & Associated Properties PLC 2024
financial statements
financial statements
Five year financial summary
2024 
£M
2023 
£M
2022 
£M
2021 
£M
2020 
£M
Portfolio size
Investment properties–LAP^
24
22
23
25
31
Investment properties–Dragon Retail Properties
2
2
2
2
2
Investment properties–Bisichi ^
11
11
10
11
10
Assets held for sale-LAP
-
1
–
1
–
Inventories-LAP
9
9
23
25
25
46
45
58
64
68
Portfolio activity
£M
£M
£M
£M
£M
Acquisitions
-
-
2.53
0.09
0.33
Disposals (note 6, 13)
-
(14.75)
(5.70)
(4.17)
–
Additions to inventory at cost
1.01
0.78
0.75
1.02
0.39
1.01
(13.97)
(2.42)
(3.06)
0.72
Consolidated income statement
£M
£M
£M
£M
£M
Group income
54.92
53.18
100.24
56.48
35.02
Profit/(loss) before tax
4.42
(3.48)
33.17
1.52
(10.15)
Taxation
(1.62)
(0.31)
(12.00)
(0.70)
(1.09)
(Loss)/profit attributable to shareholders
(0.37)
(3.86)
2.70
(0.15)
(6.70)
(Loss)/profit per equity share – basic and diluted
(0.44)p
(4.52)p
3.17p
(0.18)p
(7.86)p
Dividend per share
0.00p
0.00p
0.00p
0.00p
0.00p
Consolidated balance sheet
£M
£M
£M
£M
£M
Shareholders’ funds attributable to equity shareholders
28.09
28.49
32.55
29.70
29.86
Net borrowings, excluding lease obligations
22.17
19.11
23.47
30.15
33.93
Net assets per share
32.91p
33.38p
38.14p
34.78p
34.99p
Consolidated cash flow statement
£M
£M
£M
£M
£M
Cash generated from operations
10.35
3.69
39.39
5.82
1.64
Notes: 
^ Excluding the present value of head leases
John Heller	 	
	
Jonathan Mintz	
Company Registration No. 341829 
Director	
	
	
Director


     
LONDON & ASSOCIATED PROPERTIES PLC
12 LITTLE PORTLAND STREET 
LONDON W1W 8BJ
EMAIL: ADMIN@LAP.CO.UK
www.lap.co.uk
FSC® C001785