ManTech International
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

Table of contentsTable of contentsTable of contentsTable of contentsTable of contentsTable of contents To Our Shareholders In 2015, ManTech continued its focus and investment into advanced technical services desired by our U.S. government customers and allies. We did so by focusing on our customers’ crucial needs and missions and by staying close to their use of significant new technologies. We also increased our investment in hiring and retaining highly talented professionals and continued to acquire companies with proven technical capabilities and positions with promising customers. By staying focused and remaining dedicated to our customer requirements, our goal is to be our customers’ most trusted industry partner, integral to their success. From left to right: L. William Varner, MCIS President Kevin Phillips, EVP & CFO George J. Pedersen, Chairman & CEO Daniel J. Keefe, MSS President & COO Table of contents ManTech International Corporation 2015 Annual Report ManTech provides the industry’s best-value solutions to our customers with a highly talented 7,200-person workforce dedicated to mission success. We expect and demand the very best from ourselves. ManTech supports 50 different agencies and is moving steadily into services for U.S. allies and the private sector. • Our Mission Solutions & Services (MSS) Group, led by Dan Keefe, provides world-class business solutions to the Department of Defense (DoD), as well as to federal healthcare, homeland security, and civilian agencies. • Our Mission, Cyber, & Intelligence Solutions (MCIS) Group, led by Bill Varner, provides full-spectrum solutions across the cyber domain and offers mission-critical solutions to intelligence customers. 2015 Results The year marked exceptional contract award activity of $2.5 billion, with 40% of our award activity being for new business—the strongest contract award bookings ratio since 2012. These new contract awards are increasing demand for our services, and we are fully engaged in hiring the highly capable staff we will need to sustain and build those services far into the future. Significantly, a number of these new wins strengthened our competitive position in high-end systems engineering within the intelligence and space communities, as well as our capabilities in cyber defense. New acquisitions in these areas further strengthened our position. ManTech’s revenue was $1.55 billion in 2015. Strong contract award activity and our targeted acquisition strategy resulted in our ability to increase revenue each quarter in 2015. This growth—and continued careful management of our general and administrative expenses—yielded an improvement in our full-year operating margin over 2014. We continued our strong cash-flow trend in 2015, with operating cash flow three times higher than net income, far above our historic average and exceeding our expectations. We invested heavily in management talent and business-development processes and expertise in 2015. Our continued investment in business development—hiring, training, and developing the operating leadership within the company—and our mission-first commitment to our customers positions us well as we enter 2016. ManTech Health has an exceptionally strong leadership team with broad and deep domain experience. Win rates and size of awards in healthcare show an upward trend and, with ManTech Health’s robust pipeline and aggressive proposal activity, provide foundation for expansion in 2016. Acquisitions again played a part in positioning us well for the next several years. Our acquisition of Welkin positions ManTech to pursue large engineering and support opportunities throughout the Intelligence Community and DoD, thanks to Welkin’s decades-long record of strong work. Nearly all of 1 Welkin’s highly skilled employees directly support intelligence missions. We brought a huge pool of intellectual capital into ManTech when we acquired Knowledge Consulting Group (KCG) and its corps of more than 200 highly regarded cyber security professionals. KCG strengthens a number of critical skills in ManTech’s cyber security arsenal. Finally, our sale of ManTech Cyber Solutions International (MCSI) to CounterTack, which gives ManTech an equity stake in CounterTack, puts us in an excellent position to focus on what we do best—putting technology products and solutions to use. An Improving Environment The federal funding environment that caused so much uncertainty in the industry improved significantly in 2015 and, with it, the prospect of growing business with our primary customer, the U.S. government. The 2016 and 2017 budgets were approved, along with the 2016 National Defense Authorization Act in November. In particular, the 2016 budget, which was finally passed in mid-December, increased funding levels and raised the caps under the Budget Control Act, which provided the visibility and certainty that allows us to move forward with a medium-term strategy. The DoD budget of $580 billion is 4% higher than in 2015, and the federal civilian budget of $525 billion shows similar growth. Table of contents Table of contents Table of contents Table of contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K È ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 OR ‘ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 000-49604 ManTech International Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 22-1852179 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 12015 Lee Jackson Highway, Fairfax, VA 22033 (Address of principal executive offices) (703) 218-6000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Class A Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share Nasdaq Stock Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ‘ No È Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes È No ‘ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): Large accelerated filer È Non-accelerated filer ‘ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) ‘ Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company ‘ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ‘ No È The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2015 was $703,653,216 (based on the closing price of $29.00 per share on June 30, 2015, as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market). There were the following numbers of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of February 17, 2016: ManTech International Corp. Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 24,494,472 shares; ManTech International Corp. Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 13,191,845 shares. Table of contents Table of contents DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Certain portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed subsequent to the date hereof, are incorporated by reference into Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved SEC Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Part I Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income and Loss Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Loss Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule Part IV Signatures Schedule II Page 4 11 21 21 22 22 23 25 25 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 71 72 73 75 75 75 76 76 77 80 82 Table of contents PART I In this document, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Company” and “ManTech” as well as the words “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to both ManTech International Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “registrant” refers only to ManTech International Corporation, a Delaware corporation. Industry and Market Data Industry and market data used throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K were obtained through surveys and studies conducted by third parties, industry and general publications. We have not independently verified any of the market data obtained from these third-party sources, nor have we validated any assumptions underlying such data. Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements All statements and assumptions contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that do not relate to historical facts constitute “forward-looking statements.” These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often include the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan” and words and terms of similar substance in connection with discussions of future events, situations or financial performance. While these statements represent our current expectations, no assurance can be given that the results or events described in such statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements may include, among other things, statements with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, prospects, business strategies, competitive position, growth opportunities, and plans and objectives of management. Such statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, and include, without limitations, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Part I of this Annual Report. Factors or risks that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results we anticipate include, but are not limited to, the following: • Failure to compete effectively for new contract awards or to retain existing U.S. government contracts; • Adverse changes or delays in U.S. government spending for programs we support, due to the failure to complete the budget and appropriations process in a timely manner, changing mission priorities, the implementation of cost reduction and efficiency initiatives by our customers, or federal budget constraints generally; • Failure to obtain option awards, task orders or funding under contracts; • Delays in the competitive bidding process caused by competitors’ protest of contract awards received by us; • Renegotiation, modification or termination of our contracts, or failure to perform in conformity with contract terms or our expectations; • • Failure to realize the full amount of our backlog, or adverse changes in the timing of receipt of revenues under contracts included in backlog; Failure to successfully integrate acquired companies or businesses into our operations or to realize any accretive or synergistic effects from such acquisitions; • Adverse changes in business conditions that may cause our investments in recorded goodwill to become impaired; 3 Table of contents • Non-compliance with, or adverse changes in, complex U.S. government laws, procurement regulations or processes; • Increased exposure to risks associated with conducting business internationally; • Disruption of our business or damage to our reputation resulting from security breaches in customer systems, internal systems or service failures (including as a result of cyber or other security threats), or employee or subcontractor misconduct; and • Adverse results of U.S. government audits or other investigations of our government contracts. We urge you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement made herein following the date of this Annual Report, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise. Item 1. Business Corporate Overview and Background ManTech provides innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Veterans Affairs and Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the space community; and other U.S. government customers. We are able to leverage our technical capabilities, our familiarity with and knowledge of our customers, and our experience providing a wide array of solutions and services to help our customers meet some of their greatest challenges and succeed in their most important endeavors. We support important national missions, such as military readiness and wellness, terrorist threat detection, information security and border protection, providing services to approximately 50 federal government agencies under approximately 1,000 current contracts. ManTech was founded in 1968 as a New Jersey corporation, starting with a single U.S. Navy contract. We reincorporated as a Delaware corporation shortly before our initial public offering in February 2002. We have grown substantially since then. Our annual revenues have increased from approximately $431 million at the end of 2001 to $1.55 billion in 2015. Additional financial information is provided in this Annual Report under Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data.” At December 31, 2015, we had approximately 7,200 employees. Our Solutions and Services We combine deep domain understanding and technical capability to deliver comprehensive information technology (IT), systems engineering and other services and solutions, primarily in support of mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community, the Department of Defense (DoD) and the healthcare and space communities. We deploy our broad set of services in custom combinations to best address the requirements of our customers’ long-term programs. The following solution sets are aligned with the long-term needs of our customers: • Cybersecurity; • Software and Systems Development; • Enterprise Information Technology; • Multi-Disciplined Intelligence; • • Program Protection and Mission Assurance; Systems Engineering; • Test and Evaluation (T&E); 4 Table of contents • Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR); • Training; • Supply Chain Management and Logistics; and • Management Consulting. Cybersecurity Today’s security challenges extend beyond traditional IT; they threaten national security systems, attack classified networks and law enforcement systems, and target systems responsible for providing critical civilian services. To address these challenges, we provide full-spectrum computer network operations, manage and support security operations centers, offer continuous monitoring/information assurance services, computer forensics and exploitation, and perform penetration testing and network simulation services. Our professionals tackle the most challenging problems facing the nation, identifying and neutralizing external cyber attacks, engineering tailored defensive security solutions and controls, developing robust insider threat detection programs and creating enterprise vulnerability management programs. We have provided computer network operations support to important national security customers for more than a decade, working across the three domains of computer network attack, defense and exploitation. We provide comprehensive cyber warfare and cyber defense security solutions and services to the DoD, agencies in the intelligence community, Department of State, Department of Justice and other federal agencies. Our forensics and incident response capabilities can provide our customers with additional insight and evidence for post-attack assessments, assisting our customers with efforts to strengthen their security posture. We offer customers insight into their infrastructure and the opportunity to deny, disrupt and degrade attempts to compromise our customers’ business operations and reputation. Software and Systems Development We develop, modify and maintain software solutions and complex systems that link different computing systems and software applications to act as a coordinated whole. This solution set includes a broad array of full lifecycle services, including requirements analysis; planning, design, implementation, integration and enhancement; testing, deployment, maintenance and quality assurance; and documentation and configuration management. Our software and systems development activities support a variety of software development lifecycle methodologies, including waterfall, rapid prototyping, V-model, spiral and Agile methodologies. We develop software solutions and systems across many domains and applications. Modern warfare (whether on a physical or cyber battlefield) requires the warfighter to assess and use information from multiple sources quickly and appropriately. Our experienced software engineers and developers design and support the real-time software applications that cyber security programs, C4ISR systems, and other complex defense and weapons systems rely on to function as designed. Enterprise IT IT plays an increasingly central role in the missions of our defense, intelligence and federal civilian customers, and as a result, is an important part of many of our solutions. We develop, implement and sustain solutions that leverage technology across an enterprise delivering services that improve mission performance and reduce costs for our government customers. Solutions typically involve hardware and software to support the core technology infrastructure, such as data centers, cloud services, e-mail or desktop computing. Specific applications include IT service management, help desk, data center consolidation, enterprise architecture, mobile computing and device management, network operations and infrastructure, virtualization/cloud computing, network and database administration, enterprise systems development and management, and infrastructure as a 5 Table of contents service. The backbone of our global capabilities is a comprehensive ISO 9001:2000-certified management and control system, combined with our ISO 20000-certified IT service management processes, which enable us to provide best value for our customers at a reduced cost of ownership across system lifecycles. We evaluate our customers’ enterprise infrastructure with the goal of increasing efficiency, reducing system footprint and lowering total cost of ownership. We help our customers leverage their existing investments, enhancing and optimizing legacy systems, and consolidating technologies to create efficiencies, and simplify or automate processes. Our experts leverage innovations in cloud, virtualization, and other technologies to extend the life our customers’ critical applications and systems. Multi-Disciplined Intelligence We provide specialized IT solutions and mission support services to national, defense and related intelligence agencies and other classified customers. Specific solutions include support to strategic and tactical intelligence systems, networks and facilities; development and integration of collection and analysis systems and techniques; and support to the development and application of analytical techniques to counterintelligence, human intelligence operations/training and counterterrorist operations. We provide signals intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination, intelligence analysis and linguistics, and computer network operations, including monitoring and protection, cyber operations support, and collaboration tools and analysis to support the intelligence lifecycle. We develop, integrate and maintain advanced signal processing systems to support classified programs and facilities that collect and process intelligence. We provide counterterrorism operations and support and counterintelligence analytical expertise. Program Protection and Mission Assurance Highly-classified programs, including intelligence operations and military programs, require secrecy management and security infrastructure services from a trusted and experienced provider. These services can include vulnerability assessment, insider threat protection, exposure analysis, secrecy architecture design, security policy development and implementation, lifecycle acquisition program security, operations security, information assurance, anti-tamper, export compliance support, foreign disclosure, system security engineering, security awareness and training, comprehensive security support services and technical certification and accreditation services. As part of our program protection support, we provide network architecture planning and implementation services and systems engineering services within secure environments requiring the application of multi-level security policies across the enterprise. Secure enterprise-wide network infrastructures and components include local area network/wide area network architectures, messaging architectures, network management solutions, directory services architecture and web hosting. For example, we developed a state-of-the-art analytic environment that provides access to regional, national and international information with appropriate security level access controls, providing direct operational support to time-sensitive counterterrorism activities in support of an intelligence community customer. In addition, we provide comprehensive mission assurance in the development, acquisition, manufacturing, testing, integration and site support of mission-critical systems. We provide full spectrum security; reliability, maintainability and availability engineering; systems-safety engineering; hardware and software quality engineering; software assurance practices; and lifecycle support. We develop and review mission assurance and safety requirements and carry out design reviews and analysis, safety analysis, requirements verification, test readiness reviews, integration and test support, and operations support to ensure that those requirements are designed into systems. 6 Table of contents Systems Engineering We apply systems engineering across a wide array of large-scale system development and acquisition programs used by government and industry. We provide world-class talent, proven management and technical processes to manage some of the most complex projects throughout their lifecycle, from concept through deployment. The systems engineering services we provide include requirement analysis, development and management; systems development and integration; enterprise architecture and concept of operations; and systems engineering and technical assistance. Our proprietary systems engineering toolset, the ManTech Enterprise Framework, provides a regimented and interdisciplinary approach for transitioning from a stated need to an operationally effective and suitable system, service or capability. The framework is an overarching and proven process that integrates the full spectrum of project management, systems engineering and acquisition practices needed to effectively manage a project or system over its lifecycle. Through it, we address a full 360-degree perspective of a program, including disciplines of system, software, hardware, communications, reliability, safety and test engineering, as well as modeling, simulation and analysis. Our long-term commitment to the systems engineering discipline is exemplified by achieving a Capability Maturity Model® Integration (CMMI) Level 3 rating for Software and Systems Engineering. Test and Evaluation We provide T&E services to a wide range of defense, intelligence, homeland security and space customers. We provide comprehensive T&E services for tactical and strategic C4ISR systems and national security systems and IT systems. Our knowledge of DoD testing and evaluation policies and procedures ensures that technical solutions are complete and align with test requirements. Our T&E services are closely linked with our systems engineering capabilities, and include specific competencies in test engineering, preparation and planning; modeling and simulation; test range operations and management; systems and cyber vulnerability; and independent validation and verification. Our developmental T&E professionals verify systems for all types of federal acquisition programs, from planning through reporting phases. Our test engineers develop requirements and assess the technical maturity of systems before those systems are designated as programs of record. We monitor and review vendor testing to verify system performance against the technical specifications, and we plan and conduct developmental testing to ensure that systems are ready for operational testing. Our operational T&E professionals plan and execute a wide array of operational programs to ensure that systems meet requirements for effectiveness, suitability, interoperability and survivability in operational environments. Our test engineers plan and conduct integrated testing to streamline cost, schedule and risk during operational testing. We also test complex and mission-critical hardware and software systems used by our customers. We have played key roles in improving the performance, reliability, maintainability, supportability and weapons effectiveness of all Navy in-service rotary and fixed wing platforms and their associated systems and ordnance. Likewise, we maintain a facility to support Marine Corps intelligence systems research and development, providing T&E services that ensure these systems meet specified requirements for Marines in the field. Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance We are a proven leader in the design, development, analysis, implementation and support of all aspects of C4ISR systems and technology. Our experience includes ground, airborne and space domains, to include command-and-control infrastructure, ISR platforms and sensors, and the communication, dissemination and analysis of data. We have developed, tested, fielded and supported systems for the U.S. government across the globe, and have provided C4ISR operations and maintenance support for every major military deployment since Operation Desert Storm. 7 Table of contents Our C4ISR solutions and capabilities also include live, constructive and virtual training and simulation; supporting telecommunications systems and elevated sensors; developing, testing and incorporating new technology; and installing, sustaining and providing training for new solutions. Training We deliver advanced training solutions using a range of environments, including, live, virtual, constructive, immersive and gaming scenarios. We leverage dedicated subject matter experts, a virtual cyber training range, and our longstanding, acclaimed learning center, ManTech University, in developing customized training solutions for our customers. We have also developed an online interactive multimedia instruction authoring environment that allows us to create optimal environments for “sharable content object reference” models to enhance e-learning. Specific offerings include mobile training teams; instructional systems design; web-based and instructor-led training; live, virtual, constructive training; and interactive courseware and simulations. We have met and will continue to meet the global mission support demands of our customers by providing training and education tools in the most effective manner for our customers, whether in the classroom, in virtualized environments, or at customer locations in the U.S. and across the world. Supply Chain Management and Logistics We provide supply chain management and logistics services, involving the use of sophisticated systems that secure the entire supply chain, from supplies to data. Our tools and systems can predict requirements and provide secure, real-time tracking analysis and reporting data to meet our customers’ needs. We have overseen some of the most important mission-critical logistics and supply chain management efforts for the U.S. government and have provided a full range of logistics and maintenance support across the globe. Our supply chain methods are recognized through the defense, intelligence and federal civilian communities for the secure movement of data, equipment and sensitive materials. Our comprehensive set of integrated logistics and supply chain management services include supply chain management support (such as warehousing, logistics management, shipping/receiving and global property management), maintenance and reset of ground vehicles and electronics, business process outsourcing, transportation using contracted and government provided services and other field services support (including fielding, training and operations support). Management Consulting We help organizations improve their performance by providing objective advice, specialized expertise and access to industry best practices in the form of progress evaluation and analysis, organizational change management, policy and governance development, risk management, strategy development, operational and efficiency improvements, environmental engineering, and technology implementation and advisory support. Specific applications include environmental, range and sustainability services; healthcare analytics; and “big data” solutions to drive better decision-making and controls. Our management consulting solutions include a focus on transforming health care by analyzing, designing, implementing, and evaluating information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship. ManTech collaborates with clinicians in the development of health informatics tools that promote safe, efficient, effective, timely, patient-centered and equitable patient care. We also collect, manage and analyze large amounts of demographic and clinical data to help our customers prevent and treat disease, improving the health and quality of life in communities across the U.S. and worldwide. 8 Table of contents We are also a leader in the fields of environmental, range and sustainability planning, regulatory compliance, biological resources and policy development. Our multidisciplinary staff of planners, scientists, analysts and managers have the education, experience and expertise needed to develop and execute comprehensive sustainability strategies and environmental compliance programs for government and industry. We work with our customer to manage and comply with important environmental laws and provide ocean and coastal environmental planning, coastal zone management planning, biological surveys and monitoring, bioacoustics and noise analysis, habitat restoration, invasive species management and solid-waste compliance support. Our Customers We derive the vast majority of our revenues from U.S. government customers. We have successful, long- standing relationships with these customers, having supported many of them for almost half a century. For each of the last three years we have derived approximately 99% of our annual revenues from our U.S. government customers, with at least 90% of our revenues each such year from national security and defense customers. Foreign Operations We treat sales to U.S. government customers as sales within the United States regardless of where the services are performed. U.S. revenues were approximately 99.9%, 99.7% and 99.8% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. International revenues were approximately 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.2% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We have recently made efforts to expand our international operations, primarily in support of allied nation governments, and we anticipate that our percentage of international revenues will increase from historical levels. Backlog At December 31, 2015, our backlog was $4.1 billion, of which $1.0 billion was funded backlog. At December 31, 2014, our backlog was $3.3 billion, of which $0.8 billion was funded backlog. We expect that approximately 32% of our total backlog will be recognized as revenues prior to December 31, 2016. We define backlog as our estimate of the remaining future revenues from existing signed contracts, assuming the exercise of all options relating to such contracts and including executed task orders issued under Indefinite Quantity/Indefinite Delivery (ID/IQ) contracts. We also include an estimate of revenues for solutions that we believe we will be asked to provide in the future under the terms of ID/IQ contracts for which there are established patterns of revenues. We define funded backlog to be the portion of backlog for which funding currently is appropriated and allocated to the contract by the purchasing agency or otherwise authorized for payment by the customer upon completion of a specified portion of work. Our funded backlog does not include the full value of our contracts because Congress often appropriates funds for a particular program or contract on a yearly or quarterly basis, even though the contract may call for performance over a much longer period of time. A variety of circumstances or events may cause changes in the amount of our backlog and funded backlog, including the execution of new contracts, the extension of existing contracts, the non-renewal or completion of current contracts, the early termination of contracts, and adjustments to estimates for previously included contracts. Changes in the amount of our funded backlog also are affected by the funding cycles of the government. 9 Table of contents Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets and Licenses We own a limited number of patents. We also maintain a number of trademarks and service marks to identify and distinguish the goods and services we offer. While we protect our patents, marks, trade secrets and vital confidential information, our business does not depend on the existence or protection of such intellectual property. Seasonality Our business is not seasonal. However, it is not uncommon for U.S. government agencies to award extra tasks or complete other contract actions in the weeks before the end of the U.S. government’s fiscal year (a government fiscal year (GFY) begins on October 1 and ends on September 30) in order to avoid the loss of unexpended fiscal year funds. Additionally, our quarterly results are impacted by the number of working days in a given quarter. There are generally fewer working days for our employees to generate revenues in the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Business Environment and Competitive Landscape Our primary customer is the U.S. government, the largest consumer of services and solutions in the United States. In U.S. GFY 2015, the U.S. government obligated approximately $272 billion on contracted services. Our principal focus is on the national security and defense of the United States homeland. The DoD is the largest purchaser of services and solutions in the U.S. government. With a GFY 2016 budget of $522 billion, the DoD accounts for approximately 50% of the total discretionary budget. We compete in a market that is shaped by federal budget priorities and constraints, in addition to customer requirements. Following a decade of uninterrupted growth, federal spending came under pressure beginning in GFY 2012. Over the last several years, the failure to provide timely appropriations and constraints on discretionary spending created significant uncertainty about funding levels, which in turn caused federal agencies to delay contract award decisions, change spending patterns and reprioritize IT expenditures. This difficult operational and funding environment continued into GFY 2015 and adversely affected our financial results. In addition to the budget constraints of the last several years (which drove extremely competitive bidding, particularly on sustainment-related opportunities), the government’s increased use of a lowest price/technically acceptable (LPTA) standard in connection with the procurement of certain services also contributed to pricing pressures. The use of an LPTA standard generally has resulted in lower margins on work procured in this manner compared to comparable services procured in prior years. At the same time, many government agencies increasingly prioritized setting aside certain work for small businesses and disadvantaged businesses, which reduced our ability to bid on those opportunities as a prime contractor. While we were able to pursue some of that work by teaming with small businesses and disadvantaged businesses, such arrangements typically have resulted in less revenue and profit for us than if we were permitted to pursue the work on a full and open basis. The difficult environment caused by the aforementioned developments began to moderate in 2015, as improved budget clarity resulted in our customers making more award decisions and procuring services to meet mission needs on a more regular and predictable basis. In December of 2015, Congress passed the Bipartisan Budget Act (BBA), a measure that alleviates much of the impact of sequestration and other adverse provisions contained in the Budget Control Act of 2011, provides visibility into funding and spending levels over the near-term and through the 2016 presidential election, and increases the base defense budget $24.4 billion above the enacted GFY 2015 level. Additionally, we believe that our customers’ use of LPTA procurements has leveled off. Significant global threats of the last year, including the Islamic State in the Middle East, continued instability in Syria and Iraq, increased concern regarding terrorism in the U.S. homeland and abroad, and cyber aggressions by both state and non-state actors, continue to demonstrate the importance of preserving defense 10 Table of contents funding. In Secretary of Defense Ash Carter’s speech to the Economic Club of Washington on February 2, 2016, Secretary Carter indicated that GFY 2017 budget would reflect not only these threats, but will also address the aggression and expanding presence and influence of “near-peer” nations such as Russia and China, which will require investments in new technologies to effectively counter those threats. We believe that the U.S. government’s spending will remain robust in key areas for which ManTech is well positioned, including national and homeland security programs, cyber security, sophisticated intelligence gathering and information sharing activities. Our key competitors currently include divisions of large defense contractors, as well as a number of mid- size U.S. government contractors with specialized capabilities. Because of the diverse requirements of U.S. government customers and the highly competitive nature of large procurements, we frequently collaborate with these and other companies to compete for large contracts and we bid against these companies in other situations. Company Information Available on the Internet Our Internet address is www.mantech.com. Through links on the Investor Relations section of our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Item 1A. Risk Factors Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with the other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made in this Annual Report. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or those we currently deem to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualification and limitations of forward-looking statements set forth at the beginning of this Annual Report. Risks Related to Our Business We depend on contracts with the U.S. government for substantially all of our revenues. If our relationships with the U.S. government were harmed, our business, future revenues and growth prospects could be adversely affected. We derive the vast majority of our revenues from our U.S. government customers. We expect that U.S. government contracts will continue to be the primary source of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed if: • We are suspended or debarred from contracting with the U.S. government or a significant government agency; • Our reputation or relationship with government agencies is impaired; or • The government ceases to do business with us, or significantly decreases the amount of business it does with us. 11 Table of contents Among the key factors in maintaining our relationships with U.S. government agencies are our performance on our contracts and task orders, the strength of our professional reputation and the relationships of our senior management and key program personnel with our customers. We derive most of our revenues from contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes, and our revenue and profitability may be adversely impacted if we fail to compete effectively in such processes, or if there are delays as a result of our competitors’ protests of contract awards that we receive. We derive a significant portion of revenues from U.S. government contracts awarded through a competitive bidding process. We do not anticipate that this will change in the foreseeable future. Our failure to compete effectively in this procurement environment would have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability. The competitive bidding process involves risk and significant costs to businesses operating in this environment including: • Spending substantial cost and managerial time and effort to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may not be awarded to us, which may result in reduced profitability; • Expending resources and making financial commitments (such as procuring leased premises) and bidding on programs in advance of the completion of their design, which may result in unforeseen difficulties in execution, cost overruns, or, in the case of unsuccessful competitions, the loss of committed costs. • Incurring expense and delays due to protests by our competitors or other challenges of contract awards made to us, including the risk that any such protest or challenge could result in the resubmission of bids on modified specifications, or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract, which may result in reduced profitability; • Continuing U.S. government prioritization of socio-economic policies and goals that result in set-aside funds to small businesses and disadvantaged businesses in the procurement of contracted services; and • Failing to accurately estimate the resources and cost structure that will be required to service any contract we are awarded. Additionally, over the last several years, many of our customers have emphasized low cost as a key criteria in their procurement evaluation process. This focus has increased competitive pricing pressures and has resulted in a reduction to the profits we expect to earn on certain of our U.S. government contracts. Specifically, the continued or increased use by the U.S. government of an LPTA standard for contract awards may require us to continue to bid work in a manner that is less profitable than in the past. If we are unable to win particular contracts that are awarded through the competitive bidding process, in addition to the risk that our operating results may be adversely affected, we may be unable to operate in the market for services that are provided under those contracts for a number of years. A decline in the U.S. government budget, changes in spending or budgetary priorities, the failure by Congress to approve budgets on a timely basis for federal agencies we support, or delays in contract awards and procurement activity may adversely affect our future results and limit our growth prospects. Our business depends upon continued U.S. government expenditures on intelligence, defense, homeland security, federal health IT and other programs that we support. These expenditures have not remained constant over time. Over the last couple years, in the face of growing national debt and long-term fiscal challenges facing the nation, spending levels for U.S. government programs generally, and in particular the U.S. defense budget, have come under pressure. During this period, Congress failed to approve budgets on a timely basis, eventually resulting in a government shutdown. Notwithstanding the recent stabilization of base budgets and improved budget clarity, discretionary spending may remain constrained, affect future levels of expenditures (or timing of expenditures), place pressure on operating margins, or result in a shift of expenditures to programs that we do not 12 Table of contents currently support, thereby adversely impacting our future results of operations. A reduction in the amount of services that we contract to provide, or the incorporation of less favorable terms in existing or future contracts, could adversely impact our business and future results of operations. We face aggressive competition that can impact our ability to obtain contracts, and therefore affect our future revenues and growth prospects. We operate in highly competitive markets and generally encounter intense competition to win contracts, which are usually subject to competitive bidding processes. We may not be able to continue to win competitively awarded contracts at historic levels. We compete with larger companies that have greater financial resources and larger technical staffs than we have. We also compete with smaller, more specialized companies that are able to concentrate their resources on a few particular procurements. To remain competitive, we must provide superior service and performance on a cost-effective basis to our customers. Our competitors may be able to provide our customers with different or greater capabilities or better contract terms than we can provide, including price, technical qualifications, past contract experience, geographic presence, and the availability of qualified professional personnel. In particular, increased efforts by our competitors to meet U.S. government requirements for efficiency and cost reduction may necessitate that we become more competitive with respect to price, and thereby potentially reduce our profit margins, in order to win or maintain contracts. In addition, our competitors may consolidate or establish teaming or other relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase their ability to address customer needs and be more competitive than we are. This increased competition may adversely impact our future revenues, profits and growth prospects. If we fail to recruit and retain employees with specialized skill sets or security clearances, we might not be able to perform under our contracts or win new business, we might be required to subcontract more work than is optimal, and our growth may be limited. To be competitive, we must have employees who have advanced IT and technical services skills and who work well with our customers in a government or defense-related environment. Often, these employees must have some of the highest security clearances in the United States. These employees are in great demand and are likely to remain a limited resource for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to recruit and retain a sufficient number of these employees, our ability to maintain and grow our business could be adversely impacted. If we are required to use more contracted personnel, our profit margins could also be adversely affected. In addition, some of our contracts contain provisions requiring us to staff a program with certain personnel that the customer considers key to our successful performance under the contract. In the event we are unable to provide these key personnel or acceptable substitutions, the customer may terminate the contract and we may not be able to recover certain incurred costs. Our earnings and profitability may be adversely affected if we do not accurately estimate the expenses, time and resources necessary to satisfy some of our contractual obligations. We enter into three types of U.S. government contracts for our services: cost-reimbursable, time-and- materials and fixed-price. Our customers have increasingly procured our services under cost-reimbursable contracts, which tend to offer lower margin opportunities than other contract types. For our last three fiscal years, we derived revenues from such contracts as follows: Cost-reimbursable Fixed-price Time-and-materials Total 13 Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 67.8% 68.9% 72.3% 20.7% 21.1% 16.8% 11.5% 10.0% 10.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Table of contents Each of these types of contracts, to varying degrees, involves some risk that we could underestimate our cost of fulfilling the contract, which may reduce the profit we earn or lead to a financial loss on the contract. • Under cost-reimbursable contracts, we are reimbursed for allowable costs and paid a fee, which may be fixed or performance-based. To the extent that the actual costs incurred in performing a cost- reimbursable contract are within the contract ceiling and allowable under the terms of the contract and applicable regulations, we are entitled to reimbursement of our costs, plus a profit. However, if our costs exceed the ceiling or are not allowable under the terms of the contract or applicable regulations, we may not be able to recover those costs. In particular, there is increasing focus by the U.S. government on the extent to which contractors are able to receive reimbursement for employee compensation. • Under fixed-price contracts, we perform specific tasks for a fixed price. Compared to cost-plus contracts, fixed-price contracts generally offer higher margin opportunities, but involve greater financial risk because we bear the impact of cost overruns, which could result in increased costs and expenses. Because we assume such risk, an increase in the percentage of fixed-price contracts in our contract mix, whether caused by a shift by the U.S. government toward a preference for fixed-price contracts or otherwise, could increase the risk that we suffer losses if we underestimate the level of effort required to perform the contractual obligations. • Under time-and-material contracts, we are reimbursed for labor at negotiated hourly billing rates and for certain expenses. We assume financial risk on time-and-material contracts because we assume the risk of performing those contracts at negotiated hourly rates. Our profits could be adversely affected if our costs under any of these contracts exceed the assumptions we used in bidding for the contract. U.S. government contracts contain provisions giving government customers a variety of rights that are unfavorable to us, including the ability to terminate a contract at any time for convenience. U.S. government contracts contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that give the government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts. These provisions may allow the government to: • Terminate existing contracts for convenience, as well as for default; • Reduce orders under, or otherwise modify, contracts or subcontracts; • Cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable; • Decline to exercise an option to renew multi-year contracts or issue task orders in connection with multiple award contracts; • • • Suspend or debar us from doing business with the U.S. government or with a government agency; Prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency as a result of a finding of an organizational conflict of interest based upon prior related work performed for the agency that is deemed to give a contractor an unfair advantage over competing contractors; Subject the award of contracts to protest by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest and may also result in a requirement to resubmit offers for the contract or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract; • Terminate our facility security clearances and thereby prevent us from receiving classified contracts; • Claim rights in products and systems produced by us; and • Control or prohibit the export of our products and services. 14 Table of contents If the government terminates a contract for convenience, we may recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, we may not even recover those amounts, and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items and services from another source. If one of our government customers were to unexpectedly terminate, cancel or decline to exercise an option to renew one or more of our significant contracts or programs, our revenues and operating results would be materially harmed. We may not realize as revenue the full value of our backlog, which could adversely affect our expected future revenues and growth prospects. As of December 31, 2015, our backlog was $4.1 billion, of which $1.0 billion was funded. Backlog is our estimate of the remaining future revenues from existing signed contracts, assuming the exercise of all options relating to such contracts and including executed task orders issued under ID/IQ contracts. Backlog also includes estimates of revenues for solutions that we believe we will be asked to provide in the future under the terms of ID/IQ contracts for which we have an established pattern of revenues. Our estimates are based on our experience using such vehicles and similar contracts. However, our estimates of future revenues are inexact and the receipt and timing of any of these revenues are subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. The actual accrual and recognition of revenues on programs that are included in backlog may never occur or may change for a number of reasons, including if a program is changed, delayed or cancelled; if the funding or scope of a contract is reduced, modified, delayed or terminated early (including as a result of a lack of appropriated funds or as a result of cost cutting initiatives); if an option that we have assumed would be exercised is not exercised; or if our estimates regarding the amount of services that we will provide under contracts prove to be inaccurate. Our unfunded backlog, in particular, contains management’s estimate of amounts expected to be realized on unfunded contract work, and this work may never be realized as revenues. If we fail to realize as revenues amounts included in our backlog, our future revenues and growth prospects may be adversely affected. Acquisitions could result in operating difficulties, dilution or other adverse consequences to our business. One of our key operating strategies is to selectively pursue acquisitions. Our acquisitions strategy poses many risks, including: • As a result of an acquisition, we may need to record write-downs from future impairments of intangible assets, which could reduce our future reported earnings; • We may have difficulty retaining an acquired company’s key employees, customers or contracts (particularly, with respect to certain agencies, where awards were not made on a full and open basis); • We may have difficulty integrating acquired businesses, resulting in unforeseen difficulties, such as incompatible accounting, information management or other control systems; and • Acquisitions may disrupt our business or distract our management from other responsibilities. In connection with any acquisition that we make, there may be liabilities that we fail to discover or that we inadequately assess. Acquired entities may not operate profitably or result in improved operating performance. Additionally, we may not realize anticipated synergies. If our acquisitions perform poorly, our business and financial results could be adversely affected. Goodwill represents a significant asset on our balance sheet, and changes in future business conditions could cause these investments to become impaired, requiring substantial write-downs that would reduce our operating income. As of December 31, 2015, our goodwill was $920 million. The amount of our recorded goodwill may substantially increase in the future as a result of any acquisitions that we make. We evaluate the recoverability of recorded goodwill amounts annually, or when evidence of potential impairment exists. Impairment analysis is 15 Table of contents based on several factors requiring judgment and the use of estimates, which are inherently uncertain and based on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Additionally, material changes in our financial outlook, as well as events outside of our control, such as deteriorating market conditions for companies in our industry, may indicate a potential impairment. When there is an impairment, we are required to write down the recorded amount of goodwill, which is reflected as a charge against operating income. If we fail to comply with complex laws and procurement regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions. We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts. These laws and regulations affect how we conduct business with our U.S. government customers. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur additional costs. Non- compliance could result in the imposition of fines and penalties, including contractual damages. Among the more significant laws and regulations affecting our business are the following: • The Federal Acquisition Regulation, which comprehensively regulates the formation, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts; • The Truth in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection with contract negotiations; • The Cost Accounting Standards and Cost Principles, which impose accounting requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under certain cost-based U.S. government contracts; • Laws, regulations and executive orders restricting the use and dissemination of information classified for national security purposes and the export of certain products, services and technical data; • U.S. export controls, which apply when we engage in international work; and • The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can lead to severe penalties, both civil and criminal, and can include suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. government. Our contracting agency customers periodically review our compliance with laws and procurement regulations, as well as our performance under the terms of our U.S. government contracts. If a government review or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties or administrative sanctions, including the termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, the triggering of price reduction clauses, suspension of payments, fines and the suspension or debarment from doing business with federal government agencies. Additionally, the False Claims Act provides for substantial damages and penalties where, for example, a contractor presents a false or fraudulent claim to the government for payment or approval. Actions under the False Claims Act may be brought by the government or by other persons on behalf of the government (who may then share a portion of any recovery). If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we may also suffer harm to our reputation, which could impair our ability to win awards of contracts in the future or receive renewals of existing contracts. If we are subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions or suffer harm to our reputation, our current business, future prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed. 16 Table of contents Unfavorable U.S. government audits or results of other investigations could subject us to penalties or sanctions, adversely affect our profitability, harm our reputation and relationships with our customers or impair our ability to win new contracts. The Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) and other government agencies routinely audit and investigate government contracts and contractor systems. These agencies review our contract performance, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. The DCAA also reviews the adequacy of, and compliance with, internal control systems and policies, including accounting, purchasing, estimating, compensation and management information systems. Allegations of impropriety or deficient controls could harm our reputation or influence the award of new contracts. Any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract will not be reimbursed, while such costs already reimbursed must be refunded. In recent years, U.S. government contractors have faced increased scrutiny by the DCAA and other U.S. government agencies. If any of our internal control systems or policies is found to be non- compliant or inadequate, payments may be withheld or suspended under our contracts, or we may be subject to increased government scrutiny and approval requirements that could delay or adversely affect our ability to invoice and receive timely payment for services we perform on our contracts. Adverse findings by DCAA may also impair our ability to compete for and win new contracts with the U.S. government. As a result, a DCAA audit could materially affect our competitive position and result in a substantial adjustment to our revenues and adversely affect our profitability. Our failure to maintain strong relationships with other contractors, or the failure of contractors with whom we have entered into a subcontract or prime contract relationship to meet their contractual obligations to us or our clients, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. As a prime contractor, we often rely on other companies to perform some of the work under a contract, and we expect to continue to depend on relationships with other contractors for portions of our delivery of services and revenue for the foreseeable future. There is a risk that we may have disputes with our subcontractors regarding a variety of issues, including the quality and timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, client concerns about the subcontractor, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract, or our hiring of a subcontractor’s personnel. In addition, if any of our subcontractors fail to deliver supplies or perform services on a timely basis, our ability to fulfill our obligations as a prime contractor may be jeopardized and could result in our customer terminating our contract for default. A termination for default could expose us to liability and have an adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and orders. We derive a portion of our revenues from contracts where we are a subcontractor to other companies that have contracted directly with the end customer. As a subcontractor, we often lack control over whether the terms of the prime contract are being satisfied. Poor performance on such contracts could impact our reputation, even if we perform as required. In addition, as a subcontractor, we may be unable to collect payments owed to us by the prime contractor, even if we have performed our obligations, if the prime contractor has failed to satisfy the terms of the prime contract. We occasionally enter into joint ventures with other companies to jointly bid on and perform a particular project. The success of our joint ventures typically depends on the satisfactory performance of contractual obligations by our joint venture partners. If our partners do not meet their obligations, our joint ventures may be unable to adequately perform and deliver the contracted services. Under these circumstances, we may be required to make additional investments and provide additional services to ensure the adequate performance and delivery of the contracted services. These additional obligations could result in reduced profits or, in some cases, significant losses for us with respect to the joint venture, and could also adversely affect our reputation. 17 Table of contents Internal system or service failures, including those resulting from cyber or other security threats, could disrupt our business and impair our ability to effectively provide services to our customers, which could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We create, implement and maintain IT and engineering systems, and provide services that are often critical to our customers’ operations, some of which involve classified or other sensitive information in intelligence, national security and other classified or sensitive customer functions. We are subject to systems or service failures (both our own failures and the failures of third-party service providers), which may be caused by natural disasters, power shortages or terrorist attacks, as well as from continuous exposure to cyber and other security threats, including computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers and physical break-ins. We also face a heightened risk of a security breach or disruption due to our custody of classified and other sensitive information. Many government contractors have already been targeted and these types of attacks are likely to occur in the future. Attacks on our network or other systems could result in the loss of customer or proprietary data, interruptions or delays in our customers’ business, and damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, the failure or disruption of our systems, communications or utilities could result in the interruption or suspension of our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. If our systems, services or other applications have significant defects or errors, if we are successfully attacked by cyber or other security threats, or if we suffer delivery delays or otherwise fail to meet our customers’ expectations, we may: • • • • • • • • lose revenue due to adverse customer reaction; be required to provide additional services to a customer at no charge; incur additional costs related to monitoring and increasing our cyber security; lose revenue due to the deployment of internal staff for remediation efforts instead of customer assignments; receive negative publicity, which could damage our reputation and adversely affect our ability to attract or retain customers; be unable to successfully market services that rely on the creation and maintenance of secure IT systems; suffer claims for substantial damages, particularly as a result of any successful network or systems breach and exfiltration of customer information; or incur significant costs complying with applicable federal or state laws, including laws governing protection of personal information. In addition to costs related to contract performance or required corrective action, these failures may result in increased costs or loss of revenues if our customers terminate or reduce the scope of our contracts, or do not renew our contracts as a result of such failures. Our errors and omissions insurance coverage may not continue to be available on reasonable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or the insurer may disclaim coverage as to some types of future claims. A successful large claim against us could seriously harm our business, and any claim, whether successful or not, may result in significant legal and other costs, may be a distraction to our management and may harm our customer relationships. Security breaches in customer systems could adversely affect our business. Many of the programs we support and the systems we develop, install and maintain involve managing and protecting information involved in intelligence, national security and other classified or sensitive customer 18 Table of contents functions. Losses from a security breach in one of these systems could cause serious harm to our business, damage our reputation, and prevent us from being eligible for further work on critical systems for our current customers or for other U.S. government customers generally. Losses could also exceed the policy limits that we have for errors and omissions and product liability insurance coverage. Damage to our reputation or limitations on our eligibility for additional work could materially reduce our revenues. We face risks associated with our international business. Our business operations are subject to a variety of risks associated with conducting business internationally, including: • Changes in or interpretations of foreign laws or policies that may adversely affect the performance of our services; • Political instability in foreign countries; • Conducting business in places where laws, business practices and customs are unfamiliar, unknown or inconsistent with U.S. requirements; • Customary business practices and other factors in foreign countries, including requirements to provide up-front performance bonds (guaranteed by a letter of credit from our lender), may involve uncertainties not associated with the business of contracting with the U.S. government, including potential difficulties in collecting receivables and fewer available remedies to the contractor in the event of contract disputes or contract terminations; • Imposition of limitations on or increase of withholding and other taxes on payments by foreign subsidiaries or joint ventures; • Currency fluctuations and devaluations and limitations on the conversion of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars; and • Compliance with a variety of international and U.S. laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and U.S. export control regulations. Although such risks have not significantly impacted our business to date, these regulatory, geopolitical and other risks could have an adverse effect on our business in the future, particularly if we increase the amount of work that we plan to perform internationally. Covenants in the instruments governing our revolving credit facility may restrict our financial and operating flexibility. We maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility. The maturity date for the credit agreement is June 13, 2019. The credit agreement requires the Company to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain consolidated total leverage ratios and a certain fixed charge coverage ratio, and contains negative covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on the ability of the Company to incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. Additionally, an event of default under the Credit Agreement could result in our creditors exercising rights that could have a material adverse effect on our business. 19 Table of contents Our business operations in foreign countries involve considerable risks and hazards. An accident or incident involving our employees or third parties could harm our reputation, affect our ability to compete for business, and if not adequately insured or indemnified, adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We provide services in foreign countries that may be experiencing political unrest, war or terrorism. In these deployments, we are exposed to risk of liabilities arising from accidents or incidents involving our employees or third parties. Accidents or incidents could involve significant injury or other claims by employees or third parties. We may encounter unexpected costs in connection with additional risks inherent to such deployments, such as increased insurance costs, as well as the repatriation of our employees or executives for reasons beyond our control. We maintain insurance policies that mitigate risk and potential liabilities related to our foreign operations. Substantial claims in excess of our insurance coverage could adversely affect our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenues. Even fully insured claims may result in negative publicity that could adversely affect our reputation among our customers and the public, which could cause us to lose existing and future contracts, make it more difficult to compete effectively for future contracts, and result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenues. Risks Related to Our Stock Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate. Our quarterly revenues and operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. For these reasons, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may be of limited significance in some cases, and as such, you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. In addition to the risk factors already identified in this section of our Form 10-K, a number of additional factors could cause our revenues, cash flows and operating results to vary from quarter-to-quarter, including: • Fluctuations in revenues earned on fixed-price contracts and contracts with a performance-based fee structure; • Commencement, completion or termination of contracts during any particular quarter; • Timing of significant bid and proposal costs; • Variable purchasing patterns under government contracts, blanket purchase agreements and ID/IQ contracts; • • Seasonal or quarterly fluctuations in our workdays and staff utilization rates; Strategic decisions, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs and joint ventures; and • Changes in the volume of purchase requests from customers for equipment and materials. Because a relatively large amount of our expenses are fixed, cash flows from our operations may vary significantly as a result of changes in the level of services we provide under existing contracts and the number of contracts that are commenced, completed or terminated during any quarter. Depending on the nature of the contract, we may incur significant operating expenses during the start-up and early stages of large contracts, and in such cases we typically do not receive corresponding payments from the customer in that same quarter. We may also incur significant or unanticipated expenses when a contract expires, terminates or is not renewed. We may change our dividend policy in the future. The Company has maintained a regular cash dividend program since 2011. We anticipate continuing to pay quarterly dividends during 2016. However, any future payment of dividends, including the timing and amount of 20 Table of contents any such dividends, is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and may depend upon our earnings, liquidity, financial condition, alternate capital deployment opportunities, or any other factors that our Board of Directors considers relevant. A change in our regular cash dividend program could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Mr. Pedersen, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, effectively controls our Company, and his interests may not be aligned with those of other stockholders. As of December 31, 2015, Mr. Pedersen owned approximately 35% of our total outstanding shares of common stock. Holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to only one vote per share. Mr. Pedersen beneficially owned 13,191,845 shares of Class B common stock as of December 31, 2015; thus he controlled approximately 84% of the combined voting power of our stock as of December 31, 2015. Accordingly, Mr. Pedersen controls the vote on substantially all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As long as Mr. Pedersen beneficially owns a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock, he will have the ability, without the consent of our public stockholders, to elect all members of our Board of Directors and to control our management and affairs. Mr. Pedersen’s voting control may have the effect of preventing or discouraging transactions involving an actual or a potential change of control of the Company, regardless of whether a premium is offered over then- current market prices. Mr. Pedersen will be able to cause a change of control of the Company. Mr. Pedersen’s voting control could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock if investors perceive disadvantages in owning stock in a company with such concentrated ownership. Mr. Pedersen could also cause a registration statement to be filed and to become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, thereby permitting him to freely sell or transfer the shares of common stock that he owns, which could adversely affect the trading price of our stock. Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit potential acquisition bids that you and other stockholders may consider favorable, and the market price of our Class A common stock may be lower as a result. There are provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of our Company, even if a change of control were considered favorable by you and other stockholders. Among the provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect, are provisions relating to the following: • The high vote nature of our Class B common stock; • The ability of the Board of Directors to issue preferred stock; • The inability of stockholders to take action by written consent; and • The advance notice requirements for director nominations or other proposals submitted by our stockholders. Item 1B. Unresolved SEC Staff Comments We have not received any written comments from the SEC staff regarding our periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act that remain unresolved. Item 2. Properties We lease our facilities, including offices, warehouses and labs, and we do not own any facilities or real estate materially important to our operations. Our facilities are leased in close proximity to our customers. As of 21 Table of contents December 31, 2015, we leased 24 facilities throughout the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area and 38 facilities in other parts of the United States, for approximately 1.5 million square feet. We also have employees working at customer sites throughout the United States and in other countries. Our leases expire between 2016 and 2022. We believe our current facilities are adequate to meet our current needs. We do not anticipate any significant difficulty in renewing our leases or finding alternative space to lease upon the expiration of our leases and to support our future growth. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are subject to certain legal proceedings, government audits, investigations, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Like most large government defense contractors, our contract costs are audited and reviewed on a continual basis by an in-house staff of auditors from the DCAA. In addition to these routine audits, we are subject from time-to-time to audits and investigations by other agencies of the U.S. government. These audits and investigations are conducted to determine if our performance and administration of our government contracts are compliant with contractual requirements and applicable federal statutes and regulations. An audit or investigation may result in a finding that our performance, systems and administration are compliant or, alternatively, may result in the government initiating proceedings against us or our employees, including administrative proceedings seeking repayment of monies, suspension and/or debarment from doing business with the U.S. government or a particular agency or civil or criminal proceedings seeking penalties and/ or fines. Audits and investigations conducted by the U.S. government frequently span several years. Although we cannot predict the outcome of these and other legal proceedings, investigations, claims and disputes, based on the information now available to us, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 22 Table of contents Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of PART II Equity Securities Market Information Our Class A common stock has been quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “MANT” since our initial public offering on February 7, 2002. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low prices of our shares of common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market. 2015 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2014 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter High Low $35.23 $34.24 $30.91 $34.07 $29.51 $27.67 $25.20 $24.90 High Low $31.10 $31.32 $30.10 $31.06 $27.43 $27.78 $26.36 $26.09 There is no established public market for our Class B common stock. As of February 17, 2016, there were 61 holders of record of our Class A common stock and 3 holders of record of our Class B common stock. The number of holders of record of our Class A common stock is not representative of the number of beneficial holders because many of the shares are held by depositories, brokers or nominees. Dividend Policy During fiscal years 2015 and 2014, we declared and paid quarterly dividends, each in the amount of $0.21 per share, on all issued and outstanding shares of common stock. For 2016, we anticipate we will continue paying quarterly dividends; however any future dividends declared will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other factors, upon our earnings, liquidity, financial condition, alternate capital allocation opportunities, or any other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities We did not issue or sell any securities in fiscal year 2015 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Equity Compensation Plan Information Information regarding our equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is incorporated by reference in Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.” Purchase of Equity Securities The Company did not purchase equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2015. 23 Table of contents Performance Graph The stock performance graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return of ManTech common stock to the Nasdaq Composite-Total Returns Index, Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400 Index, Russell 2000 Index and North American Tech Services Index. The period measured is December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2015. The graph assumes an investment of $100 in ManTech common stock and each of the indices with reinvestment of all dividends. 24 Table of contents Item 6. Selected Financial Data The selected financial data presented for each of the five years ended December 31, 2015 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data presented should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the notes to our consolidated financial statements and Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Statement of Income and Loss Data: Revenues Operating income Net income (loss) Basic earnings (loss) per share (Class A and B) Diluted earnings (loss) per share (Class A and B) Dividend per share Balance Sheet Data: Working capital Goodwill (3) Total assets Long-term debt Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 (1) 2013 (2) 2012 2011 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $1,550,117 84,886 $ 51,127 $ $1,773,981 94,816 $ 47,294 $ $2,310,072 22,243 $ (6,149) $ $ $2,582,295 $ 170,988 95,019 $2,869,982 $ 227,354 $ 133,306 $ $ $ 1.36 1.36 0.84 $ $ $ 1.27 1.27 0.84 $ $ $ (0.17) $ 2.57 (0.17) $ $ 0.84 2.57 0.84 $ $ $ 3.64 3.63 0.84 $ 189,276 $ 919,591 $1,506,424 $ — $ $ 195,491 $ 851,640 $1,487,402 $ 453,560 $ 752,867 $1,723,402 — $ 200,000 $ 357,909 $ 861,912 $1,841,909 $ 200,000 $ 300,366 $ 808,455 $1,760,206 $ 200,000 (1) On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as non-operating income. For additional information on the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8. (2) We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $118.4 million. (3) Over the past five years, we completed 9 acquisitions. In aggregate, these acquisitions have added $310.2 million in goodwill. For additional information on our recent acquisitions, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data.” This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. For a description of these forward-looking statements, refer to Part I “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements.” A description of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results we anticipate include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. Overview ManTech provides innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Veteran Affairs and Justice, including the FBI; the space communities; and other U.S. government customers. 25 Table of contents We derive revenues primarily from contracts with U.S. government agencies that are focused on national security and consequently our operational results are affected by U.S. government spending levels in the areas of defense, federal health information technology (IT), intelligence and homeland security. Over the last few years, financial performance in our industry has been adversely impacted by public and political pressure regarding government funding levels, uncertainty about the appropriations process and delays in contract awards and spending. The delays in contract awards in 2014 and the first half of 2015 have had continued impacts on our performance. In addition, as U.S. forces have withdrawn from Afghanistan, revenues from our contracts in support of Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) have substantially declined over the past few years. OCO work has leveled off in 2015 and we expect it to remain stable through 2016. Currently, industry conditions are beginning to improve and we believe we are well positioned to meet our customers’ needs and grow our business as we move beyond 2015. Despite improving conditions around funding, appropriations and contract award activities, our industry remains price sensitive. Many of our customers continue to make contract awards based on lower cost as well as overall technical solutions. To ensure our cost structure remains competitive, we continually evaluate and adjust our levels of indirect spending to stay in line with the expected business opportunities. As such, we expect to maintain, as a percentage of revenue, a consistent level of general and administrative expenses. Our strategy includes a focus on business development and bid and proposal spending on larger contract award opportunities, many in excess of $100 million. We believe our strong position as a prime contractor and our broad array of service offerings are a competitive advantage. During 2015, we submitted approximately $5.1 billion in proposals, of which $3.8 billion were bid as a prime on the contract. In 2016, we plan to expand our service offerings internationally, supporting allied governments with services similar to our federal government support. Additionally, leveraging our strong balance sheet, we will continue to pursue acquisitions that broaden our domain expertise and service offerings and/or establish relationships with new customers. Since going public in 2002, we have acquired and integrated 24 businesses into our operations. During 2015, we acquired and integrated Welkin Associates, Ltd. (Welkin) and Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. (KCG). Revenues Substantially all of our revenues are derived from services and solutions provided to the U.S. government or to prime contractors supporting the U.S. government, including services provided by our employees and our subcontractors, and solutions that include third-party hardware and software that we purchase and integrate as a part of our overall solutions. Customer requirements may vary from period-to-period depending on specific contract and customer requirements. The following table shows revenues from each type of customer as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented. Department of Defense and intelligence agencies Federal civilian agencies State agencies, international agencies and commercial entities Total Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 90.7% 92.2% 95.6% 3.4% 6.7% 8.2% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Our prime contractor revenues as a percentage of our total revenues were 88%, 89% and 91% for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We provide our services and solutions under three types of contracts: cost-reimbursable; time-and-materials; and fixed-price. 26 Table of contents Cost-reimbursable contracts-Under cost-reimbursable contracts, we are reimbursed for costs that are determined to be reasonable, allowable and allocable to the contract and paid a fee representing the profit margin negotiated between us and the contracting agency, which may be fixed or performance based. Under cost- reimbursable contracts we recognize revenues and an estimate of applicable fees earned as costs are incurred. We consider fixed fees under cost-reimbursable contracts to be earned in proportion to the allowable costs incurred in performance of the contract. For performance based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon customer approval. Fixed-price contracts-Under fixed-price contracts, we perform specific tasks for a fixed price. Fixed-price contracts may include either a product delivery or specific service performance over a defined period. Revenues on fixed-price contracts that provide for the Company to render services throughout a period are recognized as earned according to contract terms as the service is provided on a proportionate performance basis. For fixed- price contracts that provide for the delivery of a specific product with related customer acceptance provisions, revenues are recognized as those products are delivered and accepted. Time-and-materials contracts-Under time-and-materials contracts, we are reimbursed for labor at fixed hourly rates and generally reimbursed separately for allowable materials, costs and expenses at cost. We recognize revenues under time-and-materials contracts by multiplying the number of direct labor hours expended by the contract billing rates and adding the effect of other billable direct costs. Our contract mix varies from year-to-year due to numerous factors, including our business strategies and U.S. government procurement objectives. The following table shows revenues from each of these types of contracts as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented. Cost-reimbursable Fixed-price Time-and-materials Total Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 67.8% 68.9% 72.3% 20.7% 21.1% 16.8% 11.5% 10.0% 10.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Under cost-reimbursable contracts, there is limited financial risk, because we are reimbursed for all allowable direct and indirect costs. However, profit margins on this type of contract tend to be lower than on time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Cost of Services Cost of services primarily includes direct costs incurred to provide services and solutions to our customers. The most significant portion of these costs are direct labor costs, including salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees directly serving customers, in addition to the related management, facilities and infrastructure costs. Cost of services also includes other direct costs, such as the costs of subcontractors and outside consultants and third-party materials, including hardware or software that we purchase and provide to the customer as part of an integrated solution. Changes in the mix of services and equipment provided under our contracts can result in variability in our contract margins. Since we earn higher profits on our own labor services, we expect the ratio of cost of services as a percent of revenues to decline when our labor services mix increases relative to subcontracted labor or third- party materials. Conversely, as subcontracted labor or third-party material purchases for customers increases relative to our own labor services, we expect the ratio of cost of services as a percent of revenues to increase. 27 Table of contents The proportion that cost of services bears to revenues varies in part based on our mix of revenues by contract type. In general, cost-reimbursable contracts are the least profitable of our government contracts but offer the lowest risk of loss. Under time-and-materials contracts, to the extent that our actual labor costs are higher or lower than the billing rates under the contract, our profit under the contract may either be greater or less than we anticipated or we may suffer a loss under the contract. In general, we realize a higher profit margin on work performed under time-and-materials contracts than cost-reimbursable contracts. Fixed-price contracts generally offer higher profit margin opportunities but can involve greater financial risk because we bear the impact of cost overruns in return for the full benefit of any cost savings. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses include the salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees not performing work directly for customers, and associated facilities costs. Among the functions covered by these costs are corporate business development, bid and proposal, contracts administration, finance and accounting, legal, corporate governance and executive and senior management. In addition, we included stock-based compensation, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses related to the general and administrative function. Depreciation and amortization expenses include the depreciation of computers, furniture and other equipment, the amortization of third party software we use internally, leasehold improvements and intangible assets. Intangible assets include customer relationships and contract backlogs acquired in business combinations, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We classify indirect costs incurred as cost of services and general and administrative expenses in the same manner as such costs are defined in our disclosure statements under U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards. Effective January 1, 2014, we updated our disclosure statements with the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA), resulting in certain costs being classified differently either as cost of services or as general and administrative expenses on a prospective basis. This change caused a net increase in the reported cost of services and a net decrease in reported general and administrative expenses in 2015 and 2014 as compared to 2013; however, total operating costs were not affected by this change. Interest Expense Interest expense is primarily related to interest expense incurred or accrued under our outstanding borrowings on our debt and deferred financing charges. Interest Income Interest income is primarily from cash on hand and late invoice payments by the government. 28 Table of contents Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014 Consolidated Statements of Income The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of income and the relative percentages that certain items of expense and earnings bear to revenues as well as the year-over-year change from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Year Ended December 31, Year-to-Year Change 2015 2014 2015 2014 2014 to 2015 Dollars Percentages Dollars Percent (dollars in thousands) REVENUES Cost of services General and administrative expenses $1,550,117 1,320,697 144,534 $1,773,981 1,524,208 154,957 100.0% 100.0% $(223,864) 85.2% 85.9% (203,511) 9.3% 8.8% (10,423) (12.6)% (13.4)% (6.7)% OPERATING INCOME Loss on extinguishment of debt Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries NET INCOME Revenues 84,886 — (1,193) 160 1,501 94,816 (9,930) 5.5% 5.3% (10,074) — % 0.6% (10,074) (4,609) 0.1% 0.2% (5,802) (234) 394 — % — % 1,734 0.1% — % (233) (10.5)% (100.0)% (79.4)% (59.4)% 744.2% 85,354 (34,366) 79,101 (31,525) 5.5% 4.5% 2.2% 1.8% 6,253 2,841 7.9% 9.0% 139 (282) — % — % 421 149.3% $ 51,127 $ 47,294 3.3% 2.7% $ 3,833 8.1% The primary driver of our decrease in revenues relates to reduced requirements supporting C4ISR systems and Mine-Resistance Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles to the U.S. Army, including, reductions in OCO as a result of the withdrawal of U.S. forces and reduction in military operations in Afghanistan. Additionally, revenues were impacted by reductions in scope or contracts that ended. These reductions were partially offset by revenues from our acquisitions and new contract awards. Cost of services The decrease in cost of services was primarily due to reductions in revenues. As a percentage of revenues, direct labor costs increased to 48.7% for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to 43.4% for the same period in 2014, due to the higher labor content on our core non-OCO contracts and a focus on performing more services with our own personnel versus subcontractors. As a percentage of revenues, other direct costs, which include subcontractors and third party equipment and materials used in the performance of our contracts, decreased to 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 42.5% for the same period in 2014, primarily due to reduced levels of subcontracting. We expect cost of services as a percentage of revenues to remain relatively stable or increase slightly in 2016. 29 Table of contents General and administrative expenses The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to cost reduction measures. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2015 when compared to the same period in 2014, due to reduced revenues. We expect general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues to decrease slightly in 2016. Loss on extinguishment of debt As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes on April 15, 2014, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Interest expense The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the redemption of the 7.25% senior unsecured notes on April 15, 2014. We expect a consistent level of interest expense in 2016, as compared to 2015. Other income (expense), net The increase in other income was due to the gain on the sale of ManTech Cyber Solutions International (MCSI). Provision for income taxes Our effective tax rate is impacted by recurring items, such the relative amount of income we earn in various taxing jurisdictions and their tax rates. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year-to-year. Our effective income tax rates were 40.2% and 40.0% for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In 2016, we expect our effective tax rate to remain relatively consistent. Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries represents earnings or losses from joint ventures that we account for under the equity method. The increase is primarily due to earnings from the GenTech Partners Joint Venture and the NorthStar Technology Systems, LLC, offset by additional losses from the Fluor-ManTech Logistics, LLC. 30 Table of contents Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013 Consolidated Statements of Income and Loss The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of income and the relative percentages that certain items of expense and earnings bear to revenues as well as the year-over-year change from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Year Ended December 31, Year-to-Year Change 2014 2013 2014 2013 2013 to 2014 Dollars Percentages Dollars Percent REVENUES Cost of services General and administrative expenses Goodwill impairment OPERATING INCOME Loss on extinguishment of debt Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries (dollars in thousands) $1,773,981 1,524,208 154,957 — 100.0% 100.0% $(536,091) $2,310,072 85.9% 86.4% (471,422) 1,995,630 173,772 8.8% 7.5% (18,815) 118,427 — % 5.1% (118,427) 94,816 (10,074) (5,802) 394 (233) 22,243 — (16,266) 5.3% 1.0% 72,573 0.6% — % 10,074 0.2% 0.7% (10,464) (214) 201 608 — % — % (32) — % — % (23.2)% (23.6)% (10.8)% (100.0)% 326.3% 100.0% (64.3)% (35.2)% 628.1% 79,101 (31,525) 6,553 (11,842) 4.5% 0.3% 72,548 1.8% 0.5% 19,683 1,107.1% 166.2% (282) (860) — % — % (578) (67.2)% NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 47,294 $ (6,149) 2.7% 0.2% $ 53,443 869.1% Revenues The primary driver of our decrease in revenues relates to reduced demand for services supporting OCO as a result of the withdrawal of U.S. forces and reduction in military operations in Afghanistan. The reduction in our OCO related work in 2014 as compared to the same period in 2013 was primarily due to reduced demand on a sustainment contract for MRAP vehicles and reduced demand for field service support on C4ISR systems. In addition, we had a surge in equipment deliveries in the first quarter of 2013 on a contract for IT infrastructure modernization in the intelligence area as well as programs that ended. These reductions were partially offset by revenue provided from our recent acquisitions. Cost of services The decrease in cost of services was primarily due to reductions in revenues. As a percentage of revenues, direct labor costs increased to 43.4% for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to 37.9% for the same period in 2013. As a percentage of revenues, other direct costs, which include subcontractors and third party equipment and materials used in the performance of our contracts, was 42.5% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 48.5% for the same period in 2013. General and administrative expenses The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to cost reduction measures, as well as certain costs being classified as cost of services instead of general and administrative expenses in 2014. We classify indirect costs in a manner consistent with disclosure statements filed with and approved by DCMA. Effective 31 Table of contents January 1, 2014, updates to our disclosure statements resulted in changes to the presentation of certain costs. These changes do not impact the overall expense incurred or operating income and are presented prospectively. The reclassification of expenses and cost reductions were partially offset by increased bid and proposal spending in pursuit of larger contract opportunities and research and development expenditures to enhance technologies around our offerings. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2014 when compared to the same period in 2013. Goodwill impairment During the fourth quarter of 2013, multiple events and circumstances indicated a significant reduction in the operating performance outlook of one of our reporting units. These events included being awarded fewer contracts than anticipated on several competitive opportunities, changing mission priorities of the U.S. government in relation to certain of our C4ISR contracts and OCO-related work (primarily on maintenance and sustainment of MRAP vehicles), continued delays in our customers’ procurement cycle due, in part, to the U.S. government shutdown, and continued margin pressure on some of our contracts. The culmination of these events led us to conduct an interim impairment analysis on the impacted reporting unit. As a result of this analysis, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $118.4 million for the period ending December 31, 2013. Loss on extinguishment of debt On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Interest expense The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the redemption of the 7.25% senior unsecured notes on April 15, 2014. Provision for income taxes Our effective tax rate is affected by recurring items, such as tax rates and the relative amount of income we earn in various taxing jurisdictions. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year-to-year. Our effective income tax rates were 40.0% and 208.0% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is due to the non-deductible portion of the non-cash goodwill impairment charge in 2013. Absent the effects of the goodwill impairment change in 2013, our effective tax rate increased. This increase is largely driven by a reduction of work performed outside the U.S., which increased the proportion of our income apportioned to state jurisdictions. In addition, 2013 contained a one time tax basis deduction on an investment. Equity in losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries Equity in losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries represents earnings or losses from joint ventures that we account for under the equity method. The losses are primarily due to bid and proposal expenditures of our Fluor- ManTech Logistics Solutions, LLC joint venture. Backlog For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 our backlog was $4.1 billion, $3.3 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, of which $1.0 billion, $0.8 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, was funded backlog. 32 Table of contents The increase in our backlog is due to our receipt of new awards in 2015. Backlog represents estimates that we calculate on a consistent basis. For additional information on how we compute backlog, see “Backlog” in Item 1 “Business.” Liquidity and Capital Resources Historically, our primary liquidity needs have been the financing of acquisitions, working capital, payment under our cash dividend program and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash provided by operations and our revolving credit facility. On December 31, 2015, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $41.3 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, we were contingently liable under letters of credit totaling $19.2 million, which reduced our ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility by that amount. The maximum available borrowings under our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2015 were $480.8 million. On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. Generally, cash provided by operating activities is adequate to fund our operations, including payments under our regular cash dividend program. Due to fluctuations in our cash flows and level of operations, it may become necessary from time-to-time to increase borrowings under our revolving credit facility to meet cash demands. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Our operating cash flow is primarily affected by our ability to invoice and collect from our clients in a timely manner, our ability to manage our vendor payments and the overall profitability of our contracts. We bill most of our customers monthly after services are rendered. Our accounts receivable days sales outstanding (DSO) were 68 and 83 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This improvement is due to efficiencies made in our billing processes and a greater focus on collections. In 2016, we expect DSO levels to remain consistent with 2015 levels. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, our net cash flows from operating activities were $153.9 million, $126.9 million and $188.3 million, respectively. The increase in net cash flows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 when compared to the same period in 2014 was primarily due to significant improvements in our DSO, our ability to manage vendor payments and higher net income. The decrease in net cash flows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to the same period in 2013 was primarily due to lower amounts of income, excluding the effects of the 2013 non-cash goodwill impairment charge, and a lower volume of sales in 2014. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Our cash flow from investing activities consists primarily of business combinations, purchases of property and equipment and investments in capitalized software for internal use. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 our net cash outflows from investing activities were $112.7 million, $135.9 million and $24.8 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our net cash outflows from investing activities were primarily due to the acquisitions of KCG and Welkin, our investment in CounterTack Inc. and capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net cash outflows from investing activities were primarily due to the acquisitions of 7Delta, Inc. and Allied Technology Group, Inc. and capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our net cash outflows from investing activities were due to the acquisition of ALTA Systems, Inc. and capital expenditures. 33 Table of contents Cash Flows from Financing Activities For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, our net cash outflows from financing activities were $23.6 million, $236.3 million and $29.4 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our net cash outflows from financing activities were primarily due to our dividend payments. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net cash outflows from financing activities were due to the repayment of our senior unsecured notes and dividends paid. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our net cash outflows from financing activities resulted primarily from dividends paid. Revolving Credit Facility We maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as sole administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility, with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit and a $30 million swing line loan sublimit. The credit agreement also includes an accordion feature that permits the Company to arrange with the lenders for the provision of additional commitments. On June 13, 2014, we amended and restated the credit agreement, and extended the maturity date to June 13, 2019. We deferred $3.4 million in debt issuance costs, cumulatively over the agreements, which are amortized over the term of the amended and restated credit agreement. Borrowings under our credit agreement are collateralized by substantially all the assets of ManTech and its Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the credit agreement) and bear interest at one of the following variable rates as selected by the Company at the time of borrowing: a London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) based rate plus market spreads (1.25% to 2.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio) or Bank of America’s base rate plus market spreads (0.25% to 1.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio). The terms of the credit agreement permit prepayment and termination of the loan commitments at any time, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement requires the Company to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain consolidated leverage ratios and a certain consolidated coverage ratio. The credit agreement also contains various covenants, including affirmative covenants with respect to certain reporting requirements and maintaining certain business activities, and negative covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. As of, and during, December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were in compliance with our financial covenants under the credit agreement. There was no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility at both December 31, 2015 and 2014. 7.25% Senior Unsecured Notes On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million, which were registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as non- operating income on our consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2014. Capital Resources We believe the capital resources available to us from cash on hand of $41.3 million at December 31, 2015, our $500 million capacity under our revolving credit facility and cash from our operations are adequate to fund our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next year, including payments under our regular cash dividend program. We anticipate financing our external growth from acquisitions and our longer-term internal growth through one or more of the following sources: cash from operations; use of our revolving credit facility; and additional borrowings of debt or issuance of equity. 34 Table of contents Short-Term Borrowings From time-to-time, we borrow funds against our revolving credit facility for working capital requirements and funding of operations, as well as acquisitions. Borrowings bear interest at one of the following variable rates as selected by the Company at the time of borrowing: a LIBOR based rate plus market spreads (1.25% to 2.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio) or Bank of America’s base rate plus market spreads (0.25% to 1.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio). In the next year we may use, as needed, our revolving credit facility or additional sources of borrowings in order to fund our anticipated cash requirements. Cash Management To the extent possible, we invest our available cash in short-term, investment grade securities in accordance with our investment policy. Under our investment policy, we manage our investments in accordance with the priorities of maintaining the safety of our principal, maintaining the liquidity of our investments, maximizing the yield on our investments and investing our cash to the fullest extent possible. Our investment policy provides that no investment security can have a final maturity that exceeds six months and that the weighted average maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed 60 days. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase. Dividend During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we declared and paid quarterly dividends in the amount of $0.21 per share on both classes of common stock. While we expect to continue the regular cash dividend program, any future dividends declared will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other factors, upon our results of operations, financial condition and cash requirements, as well as such other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements In the ordinary course of business, we use letters of credit issued to satisfy certain contractual terms with our customers. As of December 31, 2015, $19.2 million in letters of credit were issued but undrawn. We have an outstanding performance bond in connection with a joint venture formed between ManTech MENA, LLC and Jadwalean International Operations and Management Company in order to fulfill technical support requirements for the Royal Saudi Air Force. This performance bond is guaranteed by a letter of credit in the amount of $19.0 million. We have off-balance sheet arrangements related to operating leases. For a description of our operating leases, see Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements in item 8. Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Application of these policies is particularly important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies, including the critical policies listed below, are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this report. 35 Table of contents Revenue Recognition and Cost Estimation We recognize revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the contract price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We have a standard internal process that we use to determine whether all required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. Our revenues consist primarily of services provided by our employees and the pass through of costs for materials and subcontract efforts under contracts with our customers. Cost of services consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials and subcontract efforts. We derive the majority of our revenues from cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee, firm-fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for cost-reimbursable contracts are recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For performance-based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon approval by the customer. For time-and- materials contracts, revenues are recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. For long-term fixed-price production contracts, revenues are recognized at a rate per unit as the units are delivered or by other methods to measure services provided. Revenues from other long-term fixed-price contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or by other appropriate methods to measure services provided. Contract costs are expensed as incurred except for certain limited long-term contracts noted below. For long-term contracts, specifically described in the scope section of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-35, Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts, we apply the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, income is recognized at a consistent profit margin over the period of performance based on estimated profit margins at completion of the contract. This method of accounting requires estimating the total revenues and total contract cost at completion of the contract. During the performance of long-term contracts, these estimates are periodically reviewed and revisions are made as required using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. The impact on revenues and contract profit as a result of these revisions is included in the periods in which the revisions are made. This method can result in the deferral of costs or the deferral of profit on these contracts. Because we assume the risk of performing a fixed-price contract at a set price, the failure to accurately estimate ultimate costs or to control costs during performance of the work could result, and in some instances has resulted, in reduced profits or losses for such contracts. Estimated losses on contracts at completion are recognized when identified. In certain circumstances, revenues are recognized when contract amendments have not been finalized. Accounting for Business Combinations, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible assets, financial assets and separately recognized intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Such fair value assessments require judgments and estimates that can be affected by contract performance and other factors over time, which may cause final amounts to differ materially from original estimates. We review goodwill at least annually for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. We perform this review at the reporting unit level, which is one level below our one reportable segment. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the 36 Table of contents existing two-step quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further procedures are required. However, if the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment of goodwill may exist, requiring a second step to be performed. Step two of this test measures the amount of the impairment loss, if any. Step two of this test requires the allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as a goodwill impairment charge in operations. The fair values of the reporting units are determined based on a weighting of the income approach, market approach and market transaction approach. The income approach is a valuation technique in which fair value is based from forecasted future cash flow discounted at the appropriate rate of return commensurate with the risk as well as current rates of return for equity and debt capital as of the valuation date. The forecast used in our estimation of fair value was developed by management based on a contract basis, incorporating adjustments to reflect known contract and market considerations (such as reductions and uncertainty in government spending, pricing pressure and opportunities). The discount rate utilizes a risk adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The market approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in an actual arm’s length transaction. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of publicly traded companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to the Company. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to the Company after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. The market transaction approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in actual arm’s length transactions. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of merged and acquired companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to the Company. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to the Company after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. To assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, we compare the sum of the reporting units’ fair values to the Company’s market capitalization (per share stock price times the number of shares outstanding) and calculate an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units’ fair values over the market capitalization), and then assess the reasonableness of our implied control premium. We have elected to perform our annual review as of October 31st of each calendar year. The results of our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2015 indicated that the estimated fair value of each reporting unit substantially exceeded its respective carrying value. In addition, management monitors events and circumstances that could result in an impairment. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred between annual testing dates. Events that could cause the fair value of our long-lived assets to decrease include: changes in our business environment or market conditions; a material change in our financial outlook, including declines in expected revenue growth rates and operating margins; or a material decline in the market price for our stock. If any impairment were indicated as a result of a review, we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Due to the many variables inherent in the estimation of a reporting unit’s fair value and the relative size of our recorded goodwill, differences in assumptions may have a material effect on the results of our goodwill impairment analysis. 37 Table of contents Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Standards Updates For information on the recently issued but not yet adopted Accounting Standards Updates, see Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Contractual Obligations Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands): Contractual Obligations Operating lease obligations (1) Other long-term liabilities (2) Accrued defined benefit obligations (3) Total Payments Due By Period Total $144,781 11,978 1,133 Less than 1 Year $29,272 1,287 124 1-3 Years 3-5 Years $46,548 2,141 240 $33,803 3,365 226 More than 5 Years $35,158 5,185 543 $157,892 $30,683 $48,929 $37,394 $40,886 (1) Excludes approximately $11.1 million of deferred rent liabilities. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial (2) (3) statements in Item 8 for additional information regarding operating leases. Includes approximately $11.1 million of deferred rent liabilities as well as gross unrecognized tax benefits of $0.5 million. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information regarding deferred rent liabilities. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information regarding gross unrecognized tax benefits. Includes approximately $1.1 million of unfunded pension obligations related to nonqualified supplemental defined benefit pension plans for certain retired employees of an acquired company, which is included in the accrued retirement amount on our consolidated balance sheets. Excludes liabilities related to one non- qualified deferred compensation plan for certain highly compensated employees, which are included in the accrued retirement amount on our consolidated balance sheets. The funds deferred by the employees are invested and maintained in rabbi trusts, which are reflected in the employee supplemental savings plan assets on our consolidated balance sheets. These liabilities will be satisfied by assets held in rabbi trusts. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for additional information regarding retirement plans. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Our exposure to market risk relates to changes in interest rates for borrowings under our revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2015, we had no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility bear interest at variable rates. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would have increased our interest expense by $21 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. When we have excess cash, we invest in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. Our investments are made in accordance with an investment policy. Under this policy, no investment security can have a maturity exceeding six months and the weighted average maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed 60 days. 38 Table of contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Income and Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 39 Table of contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ManTech International Corporation Fairfax, Virginia We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ManTech International Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income and loss, comprehensive income and loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ManTech International Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 19, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. /S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP McLean, Virginia February 19, 2016 40 Table of contents MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In Thousands Except Share and Per Share Amounts) ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents Receivables—net Prepaid expenses and other Total Current Assets Goodwill Other intangible assets—net Employee supplemental savings plan assets Property and equipment—net Investments Other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Deferred income taxes—current Total Current Liabilities Deferred income taxes—non-current Accrued retirement Other long-term liabilities TOTAL LIABILITIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Common stock, Class A—$0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 24,731,584 and 24,423,514 shares issued at December 31, 2015 and 2014; 24,487,471 and 24,179,401 shares outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 Common stock, Class B—$0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 13,191,845 and 13,192,845 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock, 244,113 and 244,113 shares at cost at December 31, 2015 and 2014 Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY See notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 December 31, 2015 2014 $ 41,314 304,253 23,605 369,172 919,591 154,176 27,557 22,439 10,853 2,636 $ 23,781 377,156 18,207 419,144 851,640 155,250 31,741 25,743 143 3,741 $1,506,424 $1,487,402 $ 106,271 60,940 12,685 — $ 149,506 57,409 13,408 3,330 179,896 102,035 29,877 10,879 223,653 65,103 32,804 11,063 322,687 332,623 247 244 132 438,168 (9,158) 754,457 (109) 132 428,895 (9,158) 734,873 (207) 1,183,737 1,154,779 $1,506,424 $1,487,402 Table of contents MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND LOSS (In Thousands Except Per Share Amounts) REVENUES Cost of services General and administrative expenses Goodwill impairment OPERATING INCOME Loss on extinguishment of debt Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries NET INCOME (LOSS) BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE: Class A common stock Class B common stock DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE: Class A common stock Class B common stock Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $1,550,117 1,320,697 144,534 — $1,773,981 1,524,208 154,957 — $2,310,072 1,995,630 173,772 118,427 84,886 — (1,193) 160 1,501 85,354 (34,366) 139 94,816 (10,074) (5,802) 394 (233) 79,101 (31,525) (282) 22,243 — (16,266) 608 (32) 6,553 (11,842) (860) 51,127 $ 47,294 $ (6,149) 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 $ $ $ $ 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 $ $ $ $ (0.17) (0.17) (0.17) (0.17) $ $ $ $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. 42 Table of contents MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND LOSS (In Thousands) NET INCOME (LOSS) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS): Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plans, net of tax Translation adjustments, net of tax Total other comprehensive income (loss) Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $51,127 $47,294 $(6,149) 84 14 98 (64) (19) (83) 36 (15) 21 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) $51,225 $47,211 $(6,128) See notes to consolidated financial statements. 43 Table of contents MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (In Thousands) Common Stock, Class A At beginning of year Stock option exercises At end of year Common Stock, Class B At beginning of year At end of year Additional Paid-In Capital At beginning of year Stock option exercises Stock compensation expense Tax deficiency from the exercise of stock options Contribution of Class A common stock to Employee Stock Ownership Plan At end of year Treasury Stock, at cost At beginning of year At end of year Retained Earnings At beginning of year Net income (loss) Dividends At end of year Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss At beginning of year Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plans, net of tax Translation adjustments, net of tax At end of year Total Stockholders’ Equity December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ $ 244 3 247 132 132 $ 242 2 244 132 132 241 1 242 132 132 428,895 7,865 4,379 (2,971) 423,787 3,919 4,400 (3,211) 417,917 1,766 5,236 (2,332) — — 1,200 438,168 428,895 423,787 (9,158) (9,158) (9,158) (9,158) (9,158) (9,158) 734,873 51,127 (31,543) 718,892 47,294 (31,313) 756,241 (6,149) (31,200) 754,457 734,873 718,892 (207) 84 14 (109) (124) (64) (19) (207) (145) 36 (15) (124) $1,183,737 $1,154,779 $1,133,771 See notes to consolidated financial statements 44 Table of contents MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In Thousands) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income (loss) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Deferred income taxes Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Gain on disposition of business (Gain) loss on sale and retirement of property and equipment Equity in (gains) losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options Loss on extinguishment of debt Goodwill impairment Change in assets and liabilities—net of effects from acquired businesses: Receivables-net Prepaid expenses and other Contractual inventory Employee supplemental savings plan asset Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Accrued retirement Other Net cash flow from operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisition of businesses-net of cash acquired Purchases of property and equipment Payments to acquire investments Transaction costs for disposition of business Investment in capitalized software for internal use Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Proceeds from sale of investment Net cash flow from investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Borrowings under revolving credit facility Repayments under revolving credit facility Dividends paid Proceeds from exercise of stock options Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options Repayment of senior unsecured notes Debt issuance costs Net cash flow from financing activities NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 51,127 $ 47,294 $ (6,149) 30,553 30,276 4,379 (1,692) (656) (139) (73) — — 82,727 (4,990) — 4,184 (44,103) 2,703 913 (2,927) 1,601 18,668 30,446 4,400 — 251 282 (70) 10,074 — 102,076 326 3,963 24 (87,105) (2,762) (750) (761) 569 (10,915) 30,504 5,236 — (402) 860 (53) — 118,427 91,583 9,334 30,800 (4,413) (89,935) 3,677 (1,291) 4,175 6,841 153,883 126,925 188,279 (101,556) (5,202) (4,500) (1,174) (1,025) 696 13 (124,247) (4,083) (159) — (7,399) — — (11,382) (11,087) (422) — (2,536) 402 239 (112,748) (135,888) (24,786) 163,200 (163,200) (31,543) 7,868 73 — — 160,000 (160,000) (31,312) 3,922 70 (207,250) (1,687) — — (31,208) 1,767 53 — — (23,602) (236,257) (29,388) 17,533 23,781 (245,220) 269,001 134,105 134,896 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD $ 41,314 $ 23,781 $269,001 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid for interest Noncash investing and financing activities: Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid Employee Stock Ownership Plan contributions $ $ $ 1,203 $ 8,597 $ 15,903 — $ 96 $ — — $ — $ 1,287 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 45 Table of contents NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 1. Description of the Business ManTech International Corporation (depending on the circumstances, “ManTech” “Company” “we” “our” “ours” or “us”) provides innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Veteran Affairs and Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the space community; and other U.S. government customers. We provide support to critical national security programs for approximately 50 federal agencies through approximately 1,000 current contracts. Our expertise includes cybersecurity; software and systems development; enterprise IT; multi-disciplined intelligence; program protection and mission assurance; systems engineering; test and evaluation (T&E); command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR); training; supply chain management and logistics; and management consulting. We support major national missions, such as military readiness and wellness, terrorist threat detection, information security and border protection. Our employees operate primarily in the United States, as well as numerous locations internationally. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation-Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ManTech International Corporation, subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities that are required to be consolidated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in entities where we have significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method. Use of Accounting Estimates-We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates involve judgments with respect to, among other things, various future economic factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond the control of the Company. Therefore, actual amounts could differ from these estimates. Revenue Recognition-We derive the majority of our revenues from cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award- fee, firm-fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for cost-reimbursable contracts are recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For performance-based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon approval by the customer. For time-and-materials contracts, revenues are recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. For long-term fixed-price production contracts, revenues are recognized at a rate per unit as the units are delivered or by other methods to measure services provided. Revenues from other long-term fixed-price contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or by other appropriate methods to measure services provided. Contract costs are expensed as incurred except for certain limited long-term contracts noted below. For long-term contracts, specifically described in the scope section of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts, we apply the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, income is recognized at a consistent profit margin over the period of performance based on estimated profit margins at completion of the contract. This method of accounting requires estimating the total revenues and total contract costs at completion of the contract. During the performance of long-term contracts, these estimates are periodically reviewed and revisions are made as required using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. The impact on revenues and contract profit as a result of these revisions is included in the periods in 46 Table of contents which the revisions are made. This method can result in the deferral of costs or the deferral of profit on these contracts. Because we assume the risk of performing a fixed-price contract at a set price, the failure to accurately estimate ultimate costs or to control costs during performance of the work could result, and in some instances has resulted, in reduced profits or losses for such contracts. Estimated losses on contracts at completion are recognized when identified. In certain circumstances, revenues are recognized when contract amendments have not been finalized. Cost of Services-Cost of services consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials and subcontract efforts. General and Administrative Expenses-General and administrative expenses include the salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees not performing work directly for customers, and associated facilities costs. Among the functions covered by these costs are corporate business development, bid and proposal, contracts administration, finance and accounting, legal, corporate governance and executive and senior management. In addition, we included stock-based compensation, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses related to the general and administrative function. We classify indirect costs incurred as cost of services and general and administrative expenses in the same manner as such costs are defined in our disclosure statements under U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards. Effective January 1, 2014, we updated our disclosure statements with the DCMA, resulting in certain costs being classified differently either as cost of services or as general and administrative expenses on a prospective basis. This change has caused a net increase in the reported cost of services and a net decrease in reported general and administrative expenses in 2015 and 2014 as compared to 2013; however, total operating costs were not affected by this change. Cash and Cash Equivalents-For the purpose of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase. Due to the short maturity of cash equivalents, the carrying value on our consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value. Property and Equipment-Property and equipment are recorded at original cost to the Company. Upon sale or retirement, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and Amortization Method-Furniture and office equipment are depreciated using the straight- line method with estimated useful lives ranging from one to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. Goodwill-The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible assets, financial assets and separately recognized intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. We review goodwill at least annually for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Other Intangible Assets-Contract rights and other intangible assets are amortized primarily using the pattern of benefits method over periods ranging from one to twenty-five years. We account for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-985, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Software. These capitalized software costs are included in other intangible assets, net. 47 Table of contents We account for software development costs related to software products for sale, lease or otherwise marketed in accordance with ASC 985-20, Software-Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed. For projects fully funded by us, development costs are capitalized from the point of demonstrated technological feasibility until the point in time that the product is available for general release to customers. Once the product is available for general release, capitalized costs are amortized based on units sold or on a straight-line basis over a five-year period or other such shorter period as may be required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets-Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable, we evaluate the probability that future undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If any impairment were indicated as a result of this review, we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Employee Supplemental Savings Plan Assets-We maintain several non-qualified defined contribution supplemental retirement plans for certain key employees that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 710-10-05, Compensation-General-Deferred Compensation-Rabbi Trust, as the underlying assets are held in rabbi trusts with investments directed by the respective employee. A rabbi trust is a grantor trust generally set up to fund compensation for a select group of management and the assets of this trust are available to satisfy the claims of general creditors in the event of bankruptcy of the Company. The assets held by the rabbi trusts are recorded at cash surrender value in our consolidated financial statements as Employee Supplemental Savings Plan (ESSP) assets with a related liability to employees recorded as a deferred compensation liability in accrued retirement. We reclassified ESSP assets from the other line item in cash flow from operating activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 to conform with current period presentation. Billings In Excess of Revenue Earned-We receive advances and milestone payments from customers that exceed the revenues earned to date. We classify such items as current liabilities. Stock-based Compensation-We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, which requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine fair value on the dates of grant. The fair value is included in operating expenses or capitalized, as appropriate, straight-line over the period in which service is provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The compensation expense for restricted stock is recognized over the service period and is based on the grant date fair value of the stock and the number of shares expected to vest. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock unit (RSU) is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date less the present value of dividends expected to be awarded during the service period. We recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs of shares we expect to issue as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period. Income Taxes-We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets or liabilities from year-to-year. In providing for deferred taxes, we consider tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, estimates of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax-planning strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria. We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would “more likely than not” sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest 48 Table of contents benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Due to a change in accounting principle resulting from Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, the deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as noncurrent in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015. The prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. Therefore, the deferred income tax liabilities and assets are classified into current and noncurrent amounts in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2014. Foreign-Currency Translation-All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at fiscal year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive Income (Loss)-Comprehensive income (loss) is presented in our consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss); translation adjustments, net of tax; and actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plan, net of tax. Fair Value of Financial Instruments-The carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these amounts. Variable Interest Entities-We determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity (VIE). The reporting entity with a variable interest or interest that provides the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest in a VIE will have both (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We have one entity that has been consolidated as a VIE. The purpose of the entity is to perform on certain U.S. Navy contracts. The maximum amount of loss we are exposed to as of December 31, 2015 was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Investments-Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but we do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Significant influence typically exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries on our consolidated statement of income and loss. Investments where we have less than 20% ownership interest in the investee and lack the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. Under the cost method, we recognize our investment in the stock of an investee as an asset. The investment is measured initially at cost. We recognize as income dividends received that are distributed from net accumulated earnings. Dividends received in excess of earnings are considered a return of investment and are recorded as reductions of costs of the investment. Impairment is assessed at the individual investment level. An investment is impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its costs. If it is determined that the impairment is other than temporary, then an impairment loss is recognized in earnings. The fair value of the investment would become the new cost basis of the investment and will not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. We reclassified investments from the other assets line item on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014 to conform with the current period presentation. 49 Table of contents Accounting Standards Updates In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. Prior to this Update, GAAP required an entity to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, the amendments in this Update require the deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. Noncurrent balance sheet presentation of all deferred taxes eliminates the requirement to allocate a valuation allowance on a pro rata basis between gross current and noncurrent deferred tax assets. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this Update. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The amendments in this Update may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. We adopted ASU 2015-17 as of December 31, 2015 and applied it prospectively. On September 25, 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement Period Adjustments. The amendments in this Update require that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The amendments in this Update require that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The amendments in this Update require an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this Update with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. We plan to adopt both of these Updates on January 1, 2016. The adoption of these Updates are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest-Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-10): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The Update requires debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of being presented as an asset. This Update requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. This Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, Interest-Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30). This Update was issued due to the absence of authoritative guidance within update 2015-03 for debt issuance costs related to line- of-credit arrangements. This Update states that the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The Update requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. This Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We plan to adopt both of these Updates on January 1, 2016. The adoption of these Updates are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. 50 Table of contents On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance, including ASC 605-35, Revenue Recognition-Construction- Type and Production-Type Contracts. ASU 2014-09 outlines a single set of comprehensive principles for recognizing revenue under GAAP. Among other things, it requires companies to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time. These concepts, as well as other aspects of ASU 2014-09, may change the method and/or timing of revenue recognition for certain of our contracts. ASU 2014-09 may be applied either retrospectively or through the use of a modified-retrospective method. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating methods of adoption as well as the effect on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software. ASU 2015-05 will help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement by providing guidance as to whether an arrangement includes the sale or license of software. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The amendments in this update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this update on January 1, 2016. We will adopt the guidance prospectively to arrangements entered into, or materially modified, after the effective date. The adoption of this Update is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. ASU 2015-02 requires management to evaluate whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (VIEs) or voting interest entities. ASU 2015-02 eliminates the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership and affects the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. ASU 2015-02 also provides a scope exception from consolidation guidance for reporting entities with interests in legal entities that are required to comply with or operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered money market funds. The amendments in this Update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. A reporting entity may apply the amendments in ASU 2015-02 using: (a) a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption; or (b) by applying the amendments retrospectively. The adoption of this Update is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement-Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20)-Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items, which eliminates from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. The Board concluded that the amendments in this ASU will not result in a loss of information because although the amendments will eliminate the requirements in Subtopic 225-20 for reporting entities to consider whether an underlying event or transaction is extraordinary, the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently will be retained and will be expanded to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2015, and interim periods thereafter. A reporting entity also may apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the 51 Table of contents beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2015-01 is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. On August 27, 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern, which provides guidance on determining when and how reporting entities must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. This Update requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of an entity’s financial statements. Further, an entity must provide certain disclosures if there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods thereafter; early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Other ASUs effective after December 31, 2015 are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. 3. Acquisitions Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc.-On June 15, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. (KCG). The results of KCG’s operations have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through an agreement and plan of merger dated June 15, 2015, by and among ManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc., Knight Acquisitions Corporation and Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. KCG provides comprehensive cyber security services including cloud security, certification and accreditation and various cyber defense solutions across federal and commercial markets. The acquisition strategically positions us to pursue additional cyber work in the Department of Homeland Security, FBI and the intelligence community by leveraging our enhanced cloud security expertise. We funded the acquisition through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred approximately $0.3 million of acquisition costs related to the KCG transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $68.2 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years, assuming adequate levels of taxable income. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for KCG’s capabilities in providing comprehensive cyber security services throughout the Department of Defense (DoD) and intelligence community. In allocating the purchase price, we considered among other factors analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of KCG’s contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $12.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with KCG’s existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 15 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 14 years. 52 Table of contents The following table represents the purchase price allocation for KCG (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Investments Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. $ 658 6,532 460 47,487 13,219 1,419 15 31 (1,269) (336) (2) $68,214 We have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma revenues and earnings attributable to KCG as our integration of these operations post-acquisition and the entity’s accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. Welkin Associates, Ltd.-On April 27, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Welkin Associates, Ltd. (Welkin) formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). The results of Welkin’s operations have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated April 27, 2015, by and among ManTech International Corporation, CSC and Welkin Associates, Ltd. Welkin delivers mission-centric services in high-end systems engineering and advanced national security technology and business services. The acquisition strategically positions us to pursue large engineering and support opportunities throughout the intelligence community and DoD. We funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred approximately $0.7 million of acquisition costs related to the Welkin transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $34.0 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years, assuming adequate levels of taxable income. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for Welkin’s capabilities in providing high-end systems engineering and support services throughout the intelligence community and DoD. In allocating the purchase price, we considered among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of Welkin’s contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $6.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with Welkin’s existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 15 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 14 years. 53 Table of contents The following table represents the purchase price allocation for Welkin (in thousands): Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed Welkin Associates, Ltd. $ 3,901 141 24,436 6,350 100 (436) (492) $34,000 We have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to Welkin as our integration of these operations post-acquisition and the entity’s accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. 7Delta Inc.-On May 23, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all equity interests in 7Delta Inc. (7Delta). The results of 7Delta’s operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated May 23, 2014, by and among ManTech International Corporation, 7Delta, SLS Holdings, Inc. and the stockholders of SLS Holdings, Inc. 7Delta performs critical services such as applications and software development, program management, systems integration, information assurance and security architecture primarily within the healthcare community at the Department of Veteran Affairs. We funded the acquisition through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2014, ManTech incurred approximately $0.5 million of acquisition costs related to the 7Delta transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $81.4 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years, assuming adequate levels of taxable income. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for 7Delta’s capabilities in providing software development, program management, system integration, information assurance and security architecture to the Department of Veteran Affairs. In allocating the purchase price, we considered among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of 7Delta’s contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $4.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with 7Delta’s existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 10 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 2 years. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 7 years. 54 Table of contents The following table represents the purchase price allocation for 7Delta (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed 7Delta Inc. $ 1,408 9,664 175 69,967 7,762 597 39 (6,617) (1,399) (229) $81,367 We have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to 7Delta as our integration of these operations post acquisition and the entity’s accounting methods preacquisition make it impracticable. Allied Technology Group, Inc.-On February 18, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all equity interests in Allied Technology Group, Inc. (ATG). The results of ATG’s operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated February 18, 2014, by and among ManTech Advanced Systems International, Inc., Allied Technology Group, Inc. and the stockholders of ATG. ATG is an innovative engineering and information management solution company with strong customer relationships and strategic contracts with the Department of Homeland Security. ATG provides IT, engineering services, program management and training solutions to a variety of federal customers. The acquisition will enable us to deliver services through their unrestricted prime position on the Department of Homeland Security’s primary acquisition vehicles: Technical, Acquisition and Business Support Services and Enterprise Acquisition Gateway for Leading Edge Solutions II. We funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2014, ManTech incurred approximately $0.4 million of acquisition costs related to the ATG transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $45.0 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years, assuming adequate levels of taxable income. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for ATG’s capabilities in providing technology service program management, systems engineering and IT services to the Department of Homeland Security. In allocating the purchase price, we considered among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of ATG’s contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $6.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with ATG’s existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 20 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 18 years. 55 Table of contents The following table represents the purchase price allocation for ATG (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Contractual inventory Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed Allied Technology Group, Inc. $ 712 11,670 1,432 1 28,806 7,071 899 111 (3,399) (2,155) (148) $45,000 We have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to ATG as our integration of these operations post acquisition and the entity’s accounting methods preacquisition make it impracticable. ALTA Systems, Inc.-On January 8, 2013, we completed the acquisition of ALTA Systems, Inc. (ALTA). The results of ALTA’s operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated January 8, 2013, by and among ManTech International Corporation, ALTA Holdings LLC and the sole member of ALTA Holding LLC. ALTA is an IT and professional services company with valuable applications in healthcare systems and capital planning. ALTA provides a broad range of IT and professional services to government and private industry in three major areas: capital planning and investment control; system design, development and operations; and fraud detection and statistical analysis. The acquisition allows ManTech to deliver technology services through ALTA’s prime position on the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services Enterprise Systems Development contract. ManTech funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2013, ManTech incurred approximately $0.1 million of acquisition costs related to the ALTA transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of loss. The purchase price of $10.2 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. We have recorded total assets of $11.1 million, including goodwill and intangible assets recognized in connection with the acquisition, and total liabilities of $0.9 million. Included in total assets were $0.7 million in acquisition related intangible assets. We recorded goodwill of $9.1 million, which will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years, assuming adequate levels of taxable income. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for ALTA’s capabilities in providing technology services to the U.S. government in the health care sector. In allocating the purchase price, we considered among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of ALTA’s contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $0.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with ALTA’s existing customers. Customer relationships and backlog are amortized straight-line over their estimated useful lives of approximately 20 years and 1 year, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 17 years. 56 Table of contents We have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to ALTA as our integration of these operations post acquisition and the entity’s accounting methods preacquisition make it impracticable. 4. Earnings (Loss) per Share Under ASC 260, Earnings per Share, the two-class method is an earnings (loss) allocation formula that determines earnings (loss) per share for each class of common stock according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings (loss). Under that method, basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share data are presented for each class of common stock. In applying the two-class method, we determined that undistributed earnings (loss) should be allocated equally on a per share basis between Class A and Class B common stock. Under our Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of the common stock are entitled to participate ratably, on a share-for-share basis as if all shares of common stock were of a single class, in such dividends, as may be declared by the Board of Directors. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we declared and paid quarterly dividends, each in the amount of $0.21 per share on both classes of common stock. Basic earnings (loss) per share has been computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period are weighted for the portion of the period in which the shares were outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share have been computed in a manner consistent with that of basic earnings (loss) per share while giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during each period. 57 Table of contents The net income (loss) available to common stockholders and weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for each class of common stock are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Distributed earnings Undistributed earnings (loss) Net income (loss) Class A common stock: Basic net income (loss) available to common stockholders Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings (loss) per share Diluted net income (loss) available to common stockholders Effect of potential exercise of stock options Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings (loss) per share Class B common stock: Basic net income (loss) available to common stockholders Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings (loss) per share Diluted net income (loss) available to common stockholders Effect of potential exercise of stock options Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings (loss) per share Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $31,543 19,584 $51,127 $31,313 15,981 $47,294 $ 31,200 (37,349) $ (6,149) $33,145 24,317 1.36 $ $33,197 109 24,426 1.36 $ $17,982 13,193 1.36 $ $17,930 — 13,193 1.36 $ $30,539 24,047 1.27 $ $30,571 70 24,117 1.27 $ $16,755 13,193 1.27 $ $16,723 — 13,193 1.27 $ $ (3,963) 23,913 (0.17) $ $ (3,963) — 23,913 (0.17) $ $ (2,186) 13,193 (0.17) $ $ (2,186) — 13,193 (0.17) $ For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, options to purchase 1.8 million, 2.7 million and 3.2 million shares, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because the options’ effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, there were 284,320 shares, 158,371 shares, and 79,567 shares, respectively, issued from the exercise of stock options. 5. Receivables We deliver a broad array of IT and technical services solutions under contracts with the U.S. government, state and local governments and commercial customers. The components of contract receivables are as follows (in thousands): Billed receivables Unbilled receivables: Amounts billable Revenues recorded in excess of funding Retainage Allowance for doubtful accounts Receivables-net 58 December 31, 2015 2014 $233,735 $319,065 47,900 19,213 11,878 (8,473) $304,253 50,393 13,082 4,446 (9,830) $377,156 Table of contents Amounts billable consist principally of amounts to be billed within the next month. Revenues recorded in excess of funding are billable upon receipt of contractual amendments or other modifications. The retainage is billable upon completion of the contract performance and approval of final indirect expense rates by the government. Accounts receivable at December 31, 2015 are expected to be substantially collected within one year except for approximately $0.6 million, of which 88.9% is related to receivables from sales to the U.S. government. The remainder is related to receivables from contracts in which we acted as a subcontractor to other contractors. The Company does not believe it has significant exposure to credit risk as accounts receivable and the related unbilled amounts are primarily due from the U.S. government. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents our estimate for exposure to compliance, contractual issues and bad debts related to prime contractors. 6. Property and Equipment Major classes of property and equipment are summarized as follows (in thousands): Furniture and equipment Leasehold improvements Property and equipment-gross Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment-net December 31, 2015 2014 $ 44,718 35,733 $ 43,659 35,601 80,451 (58,012) 79,260 (53,517) $ 22,439 $ 25,743 Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $8.5 million, $9.0 million and $8.7 million, respectively. 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Under ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, goodwill is to be reviewed at least annually for impairment and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. We have elected to perform this review during the fourth quarter of each calendar year. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. We also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount (including goodwill). If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further procedures are required. However, if the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment of goodwill may exist, requiring a second step to be performed. Step two of this test measures the amount of the impairment loss, if any. Step two of this test requires the allocation of the reporting unit’s fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as a goodwill impairment charge in operations. 59 Table of contents The fair values of the reporting units are determined based on a weighting of the income approach, market approach and market transaction approach. The income approach is a valuation technique in which fair value is based from forecasted future cash flow discounted at the appropriate rate of return commensurate with the risk as well as current rates of return for equity and debt capital as of the valuation date. The forecast used in our estimation of fair value was developed by management based on a contract basis, incorporating adjustments to reflect known contract and market considerations (such as reductions and uncertainty in government spending, pricing pressure and opportunities). The discount rate utilizes a risk adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The market approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in an actual arm’s length transaction. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of publicly traded companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to the Company. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to the Company after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. The market transaction approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in actual arm’s length transactions. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of merged and acquired companies that provided a reasonable basis for comparison to the Company. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to the Company after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. To assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, we compare the sum of the reporting units’ fair values to the Company’s market capitalization (per share stock price times the number of shares outstanding) and calculate an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units’ fair values over the market capitalization) and then assess the reasonableness of our implied control premium. The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill during fiscal years 2015 and 2014 were as follows (in thousands): Goodwill at December 31, 2013 Acquisitions Goodwill at December 31, 2014 Acquisitions Divestiture Goodwill at December 31, 2015 Goodwill Balance $752,867 98,773 851,640 71,922 (3,971) $919,591 Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Other intangible assets: Contract and program intangible assets $281,682 $140,163 $141,519 $266,272 $126,619 $139,653 Capitalized software cost for internal use Other 36,170 58 23,522 49 12,648 9 35,036 115 19,500 54 15,536 61 Total other intangible assets-net $317,910 $163,734 $154,176 $301,423 $146,173 $155,250 60 Table of contents Amortization expense relating to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $21.2 million, $20.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively. We estimate that we will have the following amortization expense for the future periods indicated below (in thousands): Year ending: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 $21,484 $20,018 $18,314 $15,836 $12,614 8. Debt Revolving Credit Facility-We maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as sole administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility, with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit and a $30 million swing line loan sublimit. The credit agreement also includes an accordion feature that permits the Company to arrange with the lenders for the provision of additional commitments. On June 13, 2014, we amended and restated the credit agreement, and extended the maturity date to June 13, 2019. We deferred $3.4 million in debt issuance costs, cumulatively over the agreements, which are amortized over the term of the amended and restated credit agreement. Borrowings under our credit agreement are collateralized by substantially all the assets of ManTech and its Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the credit agreement) and bear interest at one of the following variable rates as selected by the Company at the time of borrowing: a LIBOR based rate plus market spreads (1.25% to 2.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio) or Bank of America’s base rate plus market spreads (0.25% to 1.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio). The aggregate annual weighted average interest rates were 1.88% and 0.76% for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The terms of the credit agreement permit prepayment and termination of the loan commitments at any time, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement requires the Company to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain leverage ratios and a certain consolidated coverage ratio. The credit agreement also contains various covenants, including affirmative covenants with respect to certain reporting requirements and maintaining certain business activities, and negative covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. As of, and during, December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were in compliance with our financial covenants under the credit agreement. There was no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility at both December 31, 2015 and 2014. The weighted average borrowings under the revolving portion of the facility during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $11.1 million and $9.1 million, respectively. The maximum available borrowing under the revolving credit facility at December 31, 2015 was $480.8 million. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were contingently liable under letters of credit totaling $19.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which reduces our availability to borrow under our revolving credit facility. 7.25% Senior Unsecured Notes-On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million, which were registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as non-operating income on our consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2014. 61 Table of contents 9. Commitments and Contingencies Contracts with the U.S. government including subcontracts are subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements and, from time-to-time, agencies of the U.S. government, in the ordinary course of business, investigate whether our operations are conducted in accordance with these requirements and the terms of the relevant contracts. U.S. government investigations of the Company, whether related to our U.S. government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon the Company, or could lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracting. Management believes it has adequately reserved for any losses that may be experienced from any investigation of which it is aware. The Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) has substantially completed our incurred cost audits through 2011, with no material adjustments. The remaining audits for 2010 through 2015 are not expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow and management believes it has adequately reserved for any losses. In the normal course of business, we are involved in certain governmental and legal proceedings, claims and disputes and have litigation pending under several suits. We believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We have an outstanding performance bond in the amount of $19.0 million, which is in connection with a joint venture between ManTech MENA, LLC and Jadwalean International Operations and Management Company in order to fulfill technical support requirements for the Royal Saudi Air Force. We lease office space and equipment under long-term operating leases. A number of the leases contain renewal options and escalation clauses. At December 31, 2015, aggregate future minimum rental commitments under these leases are as follows (in thousands): Year ending: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 Thereafter Total Total $ 30,202 25,643 22,740 21,560 15,501 40,255 $155,901 Office space and equipment rent expense totaled approximately $37.2 million, $42.9 million and $47.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We had $11.1 million of deferred rent liabilities resulting from recording rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease for both the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. 10. Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Common Stock-We have 150,000,000 shares of authorized Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share. We have 50,000,000 shares of authorized Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share. On December 31, 2015, there were 24,487,471 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, 244,113 shares of Class A common stock recorded as treasury stock and 13,191,845 shares of Class B common stock outstanding. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes for each share held of record, except with respect to any “going 62 Table of contents private transaction” (generally, a transaction in which George J. Pedersen (our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer), his affiliates, his direct and indirect permitted transferees or a group, generally including Mr. Pedersen, such affiliates and permitted transferees, seek to buy all outstanding shares), as to which each share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The Class A common stock and the Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, except as required by law. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Stockholders are entitled to receive, when and if declared by the Board of Directors from time-to-time, such dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property from our assets or funds legally and contractually available for such purposes subject to any dividend preferences that may be attributable to preferred stock that may be authorized. Each share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock is equal in respect of dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property, except that in the case of stock dividends, only shares of Class A common stock will be distributed with respect to the Class A common stock and only shares of Class B common stock will be distributed with respect to Class B common stock. In no event will either Class A common stock or Class B common stock be split, divided or combined unless the other class is proportionately split, divided or combined. The shares of Class A common stock are not convertible into any other series or class of securities. Each share of Class B common stock, however, is freely convertible into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the Class B stockholder. Upon the death or permanent mental incapacity of Mr. Pedersen, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock automatically convert to Class A common stock. Preferred Stock-We are authorized to issue an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, the terms and conditions of which are determined by our Board of Directors upon issuance. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any shares of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding and the Board of Directors currently has no plans to issue a series of preferred stock. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation: Our 2011 Management Incentive Plan (the Plan) was designed to attract, retain and motivate key employees. The types of awards available include options, restricted stock and RSUs. Awards granted under the Plan are settled in shares of Class A common stock. At the beginning of each year, the Plan provides that the number of shares available for issuance automatically increases by an amount equal to 1.5% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous year. On January 4, 2016, there were 565,190 additional shares made available for issuance under the Plan. Through December 31, 2015, the Board of Directors has authorized the issuance of up to 12,817,107 shares under this plan. Through December 31, 2015, the remaining aggregate number of shares of our common stock available for future grants under the Plan was 5,059,953. The Plan expires in May 2021. The Plan is administered by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors, along with its delegates. Subject to the express provisions of the Plan, the committee has the Board of Directors’ authority to administer and interpret the Plan, including the discretion to determine the exercise price, vesting schedule, contractual life and the number of shares to be issued. Stock Compensation Expense-For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recorded $4.4 million, $4.4 million and $5.2 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively. No compensation expense of employees with stock awards, including stock-based compensation expense, was capitalized during the periods. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the total recognized tax deficiency from the exercise of stock options, vested cancellations and the vesting of restricted stock was $3.0 million, $3.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. 63 Table of contents Stock Options-We typically issue options that vest over three years in equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Under the terms of the Plan, the contractual life of the option grants may not exceed eight years. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we issued options that expire five years from the date of grant. Fair Value Determination-We have used the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine fair value of our awards on date of grant. We will reconsider the use of the Black-Scholes-Merton model if additional information becomes available in the future that indicates another model would be more appropriate or if grants issued in future periods have characteristics that cannot be reasonably estimated under this model. The following weighted-average assumptions were used for option grants during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013: Volatility-The expected volatility of the options granted was estimated based upon historical volatility of our share price through weekly observations of our trading history. Expected Term-The expected term of options granted to employees during fiscal years 2015, 2014 and 2013 was determined from historical exercises of the grantee population. For all grants valued during fiscal years 2015, 2014 and 2013, the options had graded vesting over three years in equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of the grant and a contractual term of five years. Risk-free Interest Rate-The yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury strips was used to extrapolate a forward- yield curve. This “term structure” of future interest rates was then input into a numeric model to provide the equivalent risk-free rate to be used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model based on the expected term of the underlying grants. Dividend Yield-The Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model requires an expected dividend yield as an input. We have calculated our expected dividend yield based on an expected annual cash dividend of $0.84 per share. The following table summarizes weighted-average assumptions used in our calculations of fair value for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013: Volatility Expected life of options Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 26.16% 28.96% 31.92% 3 years 3 years 3 years 1.15% 3.00% 0.96% 3.00% 0.56% 3.00% Stock Option Activity-The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, as determined under the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model, was $4.59, $4.76 and $4.84, respectively. Option grants that vested during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 had a combined fair value of $3.6 million, $4.4 million and $6.1 million, respectively. 64 Table of contents The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013: Stock options at December 31, 2012 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2013 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2014 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2015 Number of Shares 3,421,196 957,525 (79,567) (899,034) 3,400,120 946,576 (158,371) (797,293) 3,391,032 237,853 (284,320) (849,255) 2,495,310 Weighted Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) $38.61 $27.42 $22.75 $39.84 $35.51 $29.12 $24.78 $41.75 $32.76 $30.87 $27.51 $39.56 $30.86 $ 626 $ 400 $4,488 $ 754 $4,722 $1,348 $3,583 The following table summarizes non-vested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2015: Non-vested stock options at December 31, 2014 Granted Vested Cancelled Non-vested stock options at December 31, 2015 Number of Shares 1,673,528 237,853 (726,750) (193,341) 991,290 Weighted Average Fair Value $4.83 $4.59 $4.89 $4.79 $4.74 The following table includes information concerning stock options exercisable and stock options expected to vest at December 31, 2015: Stock options exercisable Stock options expected to vest Stock options exercisable and expected to vest Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life 2 years 4 years Weighted Average Exercise Price $32.01 $29.08 Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) $2,236 $1,242 Number of Shares 1,504,020 894,966 2,398,986 Unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options expected to vest as of December 31, 2015 was $3.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2 years and will be adjusted for any future changes in estimated forfeitures. Restricted Stock-Under the Plan, we have issued restricted stock. A restricted stock award is an issuance of shares that cannot be sold or transferred by the recipient until the vesting period lapses. Restricted stock issued to members of our Board of Directors vest in one year. The related compensation expense is recognized over the 65 Table of contents service period and is based on the grant date fair value of the stock and the number of shares expected to vest. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Restricted Stock Activity-The following table summarizes the restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015: Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2013 Granted Vested Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2014 Granted Vested Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2015 Number of Shares 21,000 21,000 (21,000) 21,000 21,000 (21,000) 21,000 Weighted Average Fair Value $27.65 $30.61 $27.65 $30.61 $28.98 $30.61 $28.98 Restricted Stock Units-Under the Plan, we issued restricted stock units (RSUs). RSUs are not actual shares, but rather a right to receive shares in the future based on the level of achievement of performance criteria. The shares are not issued and the employee cannot sell or transfer shares prior to vesting and has no voting rights until the RSUs vest. Employees who are granted RSUs do not receive dividend payments during the service period. The employees’ RSUs will result in the delivery of shares if (a) performance criteria is met and (b) the employee remains employed, in good standing, through the date of the performance period. The performance period is 2 years (January 1, 2015-December 31, 2016). The grant date fair value of the RSUs is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the grant date less the present value of dividends expected to be awarded during the service period. We recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs of shares we expect to issue as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period. Restricted Stock Unit Activity-The following table summarizes the nonvested restricted stock unit activity during the year ended December 31, 2015. There was no restricted stock unit activity during the year ended December 31, 2014. Non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2014 Granted Forfeited Number of Units — 105,900 (12,450) Non-vested restricted stock units at December 31, 2015 93,450 Weighted Average Fair Value $ — $30.85 $30.92 $30.84 11. Retirement Plans As of December 31, 2015, we maintained a qualified defined contribution plan. Our qualified defined contribution plan covers substantially all employees and complies with Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this plan, we stipulated a basic matching contribution that matches a portion of the participants’ contribution based upon a defined schedule. Additionally, this plan contains a discretionary contribution component where the Company may contribute additional amounts based on a percentage of eligible employees’ compensation. Contributions are invested by an independent investment company. The choice of investment alternatives is at the election of each participating employee. Our contributions to the plan were approximately $18.5 million, $18.6 million and $19.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 66 Table of contents We maintained an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) as of December 31, 2015. On December 18, 1998, the Board of Directors approved the establishment of a qualified ESOP, effective January 1, 1999, for the benefit of substantially all of our U.S. domestic-based employees and some overseas employees. The ESOP is non-leveraged and is funded entirely through Company contributions based on a percentage of eligible employee compensation, as defined in the plan. Participants must be employees of the Company or eligible Company subsidiaries and must meet minimum service requirements to be eligible for annual contributions. The ESOP specifies a five-year vesting schedule over which participants become vested in the Class A common stock allocated to their participant account. The amount of our annual contribution to the ESOP is at the discretion of our Board of Directors. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recorded $0, $0 and $0.9 million, respectively, as compensation expense related to ESOP contributions. There were 0 shares, 0 shares and 31,653 shares of Class A common stock contributed to the ESOP for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As required under ASC 718-40, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Employee Stock Ownership Plans, compensation expense is recorded for shares committed to be released to employees based on the fair market value of those shares in the period in which they are committed to be released. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, new shares were issued to satisfy this obligation. As of December 31, 2015, we also maintained an Employee Supplemental Savings Plan (ESSP), a non- qualified deferred compensation plan, for certain key employees. Under this plan, eligible employees may defer up to 75% of qualified annual base compensation and 100% of bonus. In the ESSP, participant deferral accounts are credited with a rate of return based on investment elections as selected by the participant. The assets related to the ESSP are held in a rabbi trust owned by the Company for benefit of the participating employees. The trust investments are in the form of variable universal life insurance products, which are owned by the Company. These investments seek to replicate the return of the participant investment elections. Employee contributions to this plan were approximately $2.8 million, $3.0 million and $3.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We maintained a nonqualified supplemental defined benefit pension plan for certain retired employees of an acquired company as of December 31, 2015. These plans were informally and partially funded beginning in 1999 through a rabbi trust. Assets held in a rabbi trust are not eligible to be included in the calculation of plan status. At both December 31, 2015 and 2014, 100% of the rabbi trust assets were invested in a money market account with a commercial bank. All covered employees retired prior to 1998. Our benefit obligation was $1.1 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 12. Income Taxes The domestic and foreign components of income operations before income taxes and equity method investments were as follows (in thousands): Domestic Foreign Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $85,665 (311) $79,238 (137) $6,768 (215) Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments $85,354 $79,101 $6,553 67 Table of contents The provision for income taxes was comprised of the following components (in thousands): Current provision: Federal State Foreign Deferred provision (benefit): Federal State Non-current provision (benefit) resulting from allocating tax benefits directly to additional paid in capital and changes in liabilities: Federal State Foreign Provision for income taxes Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 2,714 1,247 77 $10,375 2,499 160 $18,702 4,011 86 4,038 13,034 22,799 27,817 5,825 33,642 17,739 4,477 22,216 (6,557) (1,858) (8,415) (2,568) (746) — (3,314) (2,755) (970) — (3,725) (2,009) (522) (11) (2,542) $34,366 $31,525 $11,842 For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the non-current benefit for income taxes includes $3.0 million, $3.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively, arising from the cancellation of vested stock options allocated to equity and valuation differences between grant date and vesting dates on restricted stock allocated to equity and $0.3 million, $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions. The schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation is as follows: Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from: State taxes—net of Federal benefit Excess executive compensation Section 199 deductions Deferred compensation (ESSP) Goodwill impairment Tax basis deduction of investment Provisions of American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 Acquisition working capital settlement Other, net Effective tax rate Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% 4.8% 5.0% 18.6% 0.5% 1.3% 16.7% (0.4)% (0.6)% (6.5)% 0.2% (0.7)% (24.6)% — % — % 200.1% — % — % (15.3)% — % — % (10.3)% — % — % (5.0)% 0.1% — % (0.7)% 40.2% 40.0% 208.0% The Company paid income taxes, net of refunds, of $6.4 million, $14.3 million and $14.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 68 Table of contents Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. A summary of the tax effect of the significant components of deferred income taxes is as follows (in thousands): Gross deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and other assets Unbilled receivables Property and equipment Total Gross deferred tax assets: Retirement and other liabilities Allowance for potential contract losses and other contract reserves Federal and state operating loss carryforwards Total Net deferred tax liabilities December 31, 2015 2014 $111,156 19,154 4,554 $ 86,242 14,549 3,931 134,864 104,722 (29,000) (31,851) (3,429) (400) (3,911) (441) (32,829) (36,203) $102,035 $ 68,519 The tax benefits associated with nonqualified stock options and disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options reduced the current taxes payable by $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. These benefits were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. At December 31, 2015, we had state net operating losses of approximately $9.2 million that expire beginning 2017 through 2033. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year Lapse in statute of limitations Increases in tax positions for prior years Decreases in tax positions for prior years Increases in tax positions for current year December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 785 (266) — — — $1,207 (575) 80 (13) 86 $1,376 (307) 95 (26) 69 Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year $ 519 $ 785 $1,207 The total liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 includes $0.4 million, $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of unrecognized net tax benefits which, if ultimately recognized, would reduce our annual effective tax rate in a future period. The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S., various state and foreign jurisdictions. Tax statutes and regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and require significant judgment to apply. The Company is no longer subject to U.S., state or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2011. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that $0.3 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits will be settled within the next year due to expirations of statute of limitations. 69 Table of contents The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized tax benefits within interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses. At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, interest and penalties on the net unrecognized tax benefits were $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. 13. Business Segment and Geographic Area Information We have one reportable segment. We deliver a broad array of IT and technical services solutions under contracts with the U.S. government. Our U.S. government customers typically exercise independent contracting authority, and even offices or divisions within an agency or department may directly, or through a prime contractor, use our services as a separate customer so long as that customer has independent decision-making and contracting authority within its organization. The U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Armament Command contract accounted for 5.6%, 7.5% and 19.4% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Revenues from the U.S. government under prime contracts and subcontracts were approximately 98.9%, 98.9% and 99.0% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We treat sales to U.S. government customers as sales within the United States regardless of where the services are performed. U.S. revenues were approximately 99.9%, 99.7% and 99.8% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. International revenues were approximately 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.2% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Furthermore, substantially all assets from continuing operations were held in the United States for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. 14. Divestiture of ManTech Cyber Solutions International and Investment in CounterTack Inc. On July 13, 2015, we divested ManTech Cyber Solutions International (MCSI), which was engaged in the business of providing commercial cyber products. We received consideration of preferred stock in CounterTack Inc. that has a fair value of $6.7 million. The fair value is based on the quoted price for the identical item held by another party (Level 2). We recorded a gain on the sale of $1.7 million, which is included in the other income (expense), net line item on the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2015. We divested assets of $5.5 million and liabilities of $1.7 million. We recorded transaction costs associated with the divestiture of $1.2 million. The divestiture did not qualify to be presented as discontinued operations as it did not represent a strategic shift that would have a major effect on our operations and financial results. On July 13, 2015, we purchased additional preferred stock in CounterTack Inc. for $3.8 million. This additional cash investment, along with the consideration received for the sale of MCSI, was accounted for under the cost method of accounting for investments. 70 Table of contents 15. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) The quarterly financial data reflects, in the opinion of the Company, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the results of operations for such periods. Results of any one or more quarters are not necessarily indicative of annual results or continuing trends. The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly financial data: Revenues Operating income Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments Net income Class A common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Class B common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Revenues Operating income Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments Net income Class A common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Class B common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share 2015 March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) $370,330 $ 19,846 $384,378 $ 21,112 $393,008 $ 21,120 $402,401 $ 22,808 $ 19,497 $ 11,758 $ 20,879 $ 12,450 $ 22,353 $ 13,028 $ 22,625 $ 13,891 24,206 0.31 24,359 0.31 13,193 0.31 13,193 0.31 $ $ $ $ 24,325 0.33 24,426 0.33 13,193 0.33 13,193 0.33 $ $ $ $ 24,341 0.35 24,406 0.35 13,193 0.35 13,193 0.35 $ $ $ $ 2014 24,393 0.37 24,513 0.37 13,193 0.37 13,193 0.37 $ $ $ $ March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) $452,033 $ 20,042 $463,381 $ 24,070 $447,200 $ 26,732 $411,367 $ 23,972 $ 16,059 9,634 $ $ 12,929 7,708 $ $ 26,492 $ 15,487 $ 23,621 $ 14,465 23,988 0.26 24,057 0.26 13,193 0.26 13,193 0.26 $ $ $ $ 24,023 0.21 24,092 0.21 13,193 0.21 13,193 0.21 $ $ $ $ 24,061 0.42 24,126 0.41 13,193 0.42 13,193 0.41 $ $ $ $ 24,115 0.39 24,191 0.39 13,193 0.39 13,193 0.39 $ $ $ $ Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure The Company has had no disagreements with its auditors on accounting principles, practices or financial statement disclosure during and through the date of the financial statements included in this Report. 71 Table of contents Item 9A. Controls and Procedures We performed an assessment as of December 31, 2015 of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment was done under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer. Included as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forms of “Certification” of our principal executive officer (our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer) and our principal financial officer (our Chief Financial Officer). The forms of Certification are required in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K that you are currently reading is the information concerning the assessment referred to in the Section 302 certifications and required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. You should read this information in conjunction with the Section 302 certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented. Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting-Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is accurately recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management or our Board of Directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material adverse effect on our financial statements. Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls-Management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no assessment of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision- making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management’s override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. 72 Table of contents Scope of the Assessments-The assessment by our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer of our disclosure controls and procedures and the assessment by our management of our internal control over financial reporting included a review of procedures and documents and discussions with other employees in our organization in order to evaluate the adequacy of our internal control system design. In the course of the evaluation, we sought to identify exposure to unprevented or undetected data errors, control problems or acts of fraud and to confirm that appropriate corrective action, including process improvements, were being undertaken. The assessment also included testing of properly designed controls to verify their effective performance. Our management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We assess our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting on an ongoing basis so that the conclusions concerning controls effectiveness can be reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Reports on Form 10-K. We consider the results of these assessment activities as we monitor our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. Our intent is to ensure that disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will be maintained and updated as conditions warrant. Among other matters, we sought in our assessment to determine whether there were any “material weaknesses” in our internal control over financial reporting, or whether we had identified any acts of fraud involving senior management, management or other personnel who have a significant role in our internal control over financial reporting. This information was important both for the assessment generally and because the Section 302 certifications require that our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer disclose that information, along with any “significant deficiencies,” to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, and to our independent auditors and to report on related matters in this section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K. Assessment of Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures-Based upon the assessments, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2015 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level described above. Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting-Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate control over financial reporting. Management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based upon the assessments, our management has concluded that as of December 31, 2015 our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Our independent registered public accounting firm issued an attestation report concerning our internal control over financial reporting, which appears further in this Annual Report. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting-During the three months ended December 31, 2015, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control for financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. 73 Table of contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of ManTech International Corporation Fairfax, Virginia We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of ManTech International Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 of the Company and our report dated February 19, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule. /S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP McLean, Virginia February 19, 2016 74 Table of contents PART III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information concerning our directors and executive officers required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Executive Officers,” respectively, in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in connection with our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2016 Proxy Statement”), and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is included under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Standards of Ethics and Business Conduct, which sets forth the policies comprising our code of conduct, satisfies the SEC’s requirements (including Item 406 of Regulation S-K) for a “code of ethics” applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller or persons performing similar functions, as well as Nasdaq’s requirements for a code of conduct applicable to all directors, officers and employees. Among other principles, our Standards of Ethics and Business Conduct includes guidelines relating to the ethical handling of actual or potential conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, accurate financial reporting and procedures for promoting compliance with (and reporting violations of) these standards. A copy of our Standards of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on the investor relations section of our website: www.mantech.com. We are required to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and persons performing similar functions. We intend to use our website as a method of disseminating this disclosure as permitted by applicable SEC rules. The information required by Item 407(d)(4) of Regulation S-K concerning the Audit Committee is included under the caption “Committees of the Board of Directors-Audit Committee” in our 2016 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information required by Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K concerning the designation of an audit committee financial expert is included under the caption “Committees of the Board of Directors-Audit Committee” in our 2016 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item 11 is included under the captions “Non-Employee Director Compensation Table,” “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and the related text and tables in our 2016 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K is included under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Our Stock” in our 2016 Proxy Statement, and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 75 Table of contents Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance. Equity Compensation Plan Information Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 2,495,310 $30.86 5,059,953 — — — 2,495,310 $30.86 5,059,953 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total The plan contains a formula that automatically increases the number of securities available for issuance. The plan provides that the number of shares available for issuance under the plan automatically increases on the first trading day of January each calendar year during the term of the plan by an amount equal to 1.5% of the total number of shares outstanding (including all outstanding classes of common stock) on the last trading day in December of the immediately preceding calendar year, but provides that in no event should any such annual increase exceed 1,500,000 shares. On January 4, 2016, there were 565,190 shares added to the plan under this provision. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required by this Item 13 is included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance-Director Independence” in our 2016 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this Item 14 is included under the caption “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors” in our 2016 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 76 Table of contents Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule (a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: PART IV (1) All financial statements: DESCRIPTION Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Income and Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Loss for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (2) Financial statement schedule: SCHEDULE NO. Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 DESCRIPTION PAGE 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 PAGE 82 77 Table of contents (3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K (each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this annual report pursuant to Item 15(b) of this annual report is identified in the Exhibit list below): Exhibit 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1 10.2* 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* Description Second Amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 30, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on November 23, 2002, as amended). Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2004, as amended). Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2002, as amended). Credit Agreement, dated June 13, 2014, by and among the registrant and a syndicate of lenders, including Bank of America, N.A., acting as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 19, 2014). Retention Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2002, between George J. Pedersen and the registrant (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2001, as amended). ManTech International Corporation 2015 Executive Compensation Plan, adopted on March 11, 2015 in which our executive officers participate (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on March 17, 2015). Management Incentive Plan of ManTech International Corporation 2011 Restatement (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 16, 2011). Form of Grant of Non-Qualified Stock Options granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Standard Terms and Conditions for Non-Qualified Stock Options granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Form of Grant of Restricted Stock granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Standard Terms and Conditions for Restricted Stock granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on March 17, 2015). 10.10*‡ Form of Executive Continuity and Stay Incentive Agreement, by and between each of our executive officers and the registrant, filed herewith. 78 Table of contents Exhibit 21.1‡ Subsidiaries of the Registrant. Description 23.1‡ Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent. 24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page). 31.1‡ 31.2‡ 32‡ 101 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The following materials from ManTech International Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014; (ii) Consolidated Statement of Income and Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an Exhibit to this report pursuant to item 15(a)(3). Filed herewith ‡ 79 Table of contents SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION By: Name: Title: Date: /S/ GEORGE J. PEDERSEN George J. Pedersen Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) February 19, 2016 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of George J. Pedersen and Kevin M. Phillips as his attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Report and to file same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, granting unto such attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary in connection with such matters and hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Name and Signature Title Date /S/ GEORGE J. PEDERSEN George J. Pedersen Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) February 19, 2016 /S/ KEVIN M. PHILLIPS Kevin M. Phillips /S/ JUDITH L. BJORNAAS Judith L. Bjornaas /S/ RICHARD L. ARMITAGE Richard L. Armitage /S/ MARY K. BUSH Mary K. Bush /S/ BARRY G. CAMPBELL Barry G. Campbell /S/ WALTER R. FATZINGER, JR. Walter R. Fatzinger, Jr. Executive VP and Chief Financial February 19, 2016 Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Deputy Chief Financial Officer February 19, 2016 (Principal Accounting Officer) February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 Director Director Director Director 80 Table of contents Name and Signature Title Date /S/ RICHARD J. KERR Richard J. Kerr /S/ KENNETH A. MINIHAN Kenneth A. Minihan /S/ STEPHEN W. PORTER Stephen W. Porter Director Director Director February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 81 Table of contents Valuation and Qualifying Accounts SCHEDULE II Activities in our allowance accounts for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were as follows (in thousands): 2013 2014 2015 Doubtful Accounts Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions Other* Balance at End of Period $ 9,449 $10,036 $ 9,830 — — — — (165) (552) 587 $10,036 (41) $ 9,830 (805) $ 8,473 * Other represents doubtful account reserves released or recorded as part of net revenues for estimated customer disallowances. 2013 2014 2015 Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions Other Balance at End of Period $— $191 $ 64 191 — — — — (127) — — (64) $191 $ 64 $— 82 Table of contents ManTech International Corporation 2015 Annual Report Our Board of Directors • George J. Pedersen – Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer • Richard L. Armitage – President, Armitage International; Former Deputy Secretary of State; Former Assistant Secretary of Defense; Former Presidential Special Envoy during the Gulf War • Mary K. Bush – Founder and President, Bush International; Former Managing Director, Federal Housing Finance Board • Barry G. Campbell – Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Tracor Systems Technology, Inc. • Walter R. Fatzinger, Jr. – Director, Chevy Chase Trust Company and Director, ASB Capital Management, Inc. • Richard J. Kerr – Former Deputy Director and Officer, Central Intelligence Agency • Lieutenant General Kenneth A. Minihan, USAF (Ret.) – Managing Director of the Homeland Security Fund for Paladin Capital Group; Former Director, National Security Agency; Former Director, Defense Intelligence Agency • Stephen W. Porter, Esq. – Retired Partner, Arnold & Porter ManTech’s Worldwide Locations United States United Kingdom Turkey ny Germany Georgia, Republic of Bahrain Qatar Mexico Italy Egypt ypt Egy Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Kuww Kuwait Iraq Iraq Pakistan DjiboD outi Djibouti Afghanistan Somalia Australia Korea, Republic of Japan Table of contents 1_164139 

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