ManTech International
Annual Report 2016

Plain-text annual report

ManTech International Corporation To Our Shareholders: For ManTech, 2016 marked a year of significant achievements on various fronts. The hard work of our many talented employees and partners contributed to our strong financial performance in 2016, as our annual revenues, operating income, net income, and EPS all surpassed 2015 levels. Additionally, we had strong contract awards during 2016, a reflection of the improved industry outlook and budgetary environment, as well as our strong positioning in the markets we serve. Our efforts over the last few years to invest in relationships and technologies that meet long-term customer demands, create differentiated solutions, and gain key technical certifications will allow us to build upon the momentum we generated in 2016. From left to right Judith L. Bjornaas EVP & CFO Kevin M. Phillips President & COO George J. Pedersen Chairman & CEO L. William Varner MCIS President Daniel J. Keefe l MSS President & COO 1 For 48 years, ManTech has proudly served as a mission-first and customer-focused partner of the U.S. government. We will continue to invest in the markets and capability areas that we have targeted, including best-in-class capabilities in cyberspace operations and cyber defense and an increased footprint in enterprise and mission IT. Our 2016 Results In 2016, we delivered revenues of approximately $1.6 billion, an increase of approximately 3% over 2015 levels. Our profit measures were all significantly higher than the comparable figures for 2015: operating income was $91 million (up 7% from 2015); our operating margin improved to 5.7% (compared to 5.5% in 2015); net income was $56.4 million (up 10% from 2015); and diluted earnings per share was $1.47 for 2016 (up 8% from 2015). The past year also marked strong contract award activity. We received approximately $2.3 billion in contract awards in 2016, representing a book- to-bill ratio of 1.4x revenue. New business comprised approximately 41% of the contract awards for the year. Proposal activity remains at a high level. We submitted over $7 billion in proposals in 2016, and anticipate a similar volume of activity in 2017. We also continue to have one of the cleanest balance sheets in the industry. We exited 2016 with $65 million in cash on hand and no debt outstanding on our $500 million 2016 Annual Report revolving credit facility. Cash flow from operations for the year was $95 million (or 1.7x net income). During the year, we invested $61 million in the acquisition of two businesses that we believe will enhance our strategic positioning. Our acquisition of the Oceans Edge cyber business brought a team of computer network operations (CNO) professionals that has enhanced ManTech’s advanced CNO tools and research and development (R&D) offerings, which will help expand our presence with customers who play critical roles in our nation’s future full-spectrum cyberspace activities. Our acquisition of Edaptive Systems improves our agile software development and IT capabilities in our federal health business, strengthens our relationships with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and adds a leadership team that will help strengthen our presence within the federal and civilian health markets. Our Team We expect and demand the very best from ourselves. Our 7,200 employees are dedicated to providing industry-best solutions to support our customers in achieving mission success. We support more than 50 U.S. government agencies and commercial customers on more than 1,000 contracts. 2 ManTech International Corporation In November 2016, we promoted Kevin Phillips (our former CFO) to serve as our president and chief operating officer. Judy Bjornaas (our former deputy CFO) was promoted to serve as our chief financial officer. Our Mission Solutions & Services (MSS) business group, which provides world-class business solutions to the Department of Defense, as well as to federal healthcare, homeland security, and civilian agencies, continues to be led by Dan Keefe. Our Mission, Cyber, & Intelligence Solutions (MCIS) business group, which provides full- spectrum solutions across the cyber domain and offers mission-critical solutions to intelligence customers, continues to be led by Bill Varner. Outlook Our prospects for continued growth in 2017 and beyond are excellent. We are well situated for continued growth and improved positioning in the marketplace. We will remain agile and focused on our customers’ requirements while we expand into new areas of technology and new customer sets. ManTech has endured many challenging budget cycles for almost half a century. We have successfully managed each such cycle by positioning ourselves in the critical advanced technologies and missions that will be in demand in the future. During this most recent budget cycle, we have positioned ourselves for the shifts in mission Financial Performance needs, such as cyber, enterprise and mission information technology, systems engineering and software development, and we have improved our competitive position in solutions-based or outsourced IT requirements. In 2017, and the years to come, we will remain dedicated to our customers and their needs, as we work to be their most trusted industry partner. eorge J. Ped George J. Pedersen Chairman of the Board and CEO Cash Returned to Shareholders $32M Quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share or $0.84 annually Operating Margin 5.7% An expansion of 20 basis points from 2015 Net Revenues $1.6B An increase of 3.3% from fiscal 2015 Bookings $2.3B 41% for new work Diluted Earnings per Share $1.47 An increase from $1.36 in fiscal 2015 Free Cash Flow $85M Defined as operating cash flow of $95M net of property and equipment additions of $10M “ManTech achieved outstanding performance across our key operating metrics with strong contract awards, organic growth and exceptional cash flow. Our excellent performance, along with our strong balance sheet provides the foundation to fund organic growth and strategic acquisitions positioning ManTech to meet our customers’ most challenging and changing demands.” George J. Pedersen Chairman of the Board and CEO 3 Company Competencies Who We Work For - We started with a passion for solving some of the nation’s most difficult security and technology challenges. Today, as an advanced technology services provider, ManTech is a stalwart and a trusted partner in our nation’s full-spectrum cyber, law enforcement, defense, homeland security, intelligence communities, and healthcare arenas. The stakes are high in these areas, so we must give our best. Our proven formula of anticipating customer needs, hiring highly talented professionals, and acquiring companies with recognized capabilities ensures we do. Our Largest Customers The Intelligence Community Department of Defense Federal/Civilian Agencies Veterans Affairs Department of Justice Department of Homeland Security Space Community Department of State Department of Energy Top Markets Defense & Aerospace Intelligence Healthcare Environment Technology & Telecommunications Certifications IS0 9001 IS0 20000 CMMI Dev1.3, Maturity Level 3 PCI Audit Certified 3PAO FedRAMP Certified ISO 27000 2016 Annual Report Technology-Driven - ManTech is committed to being a technology leader. We are recognized by federal and commercial customers for delivering leading edge technology services that facilitate seamless transformation, technology-enabled services, efficiency, and automation where it makes sense. Cybersecurity • Security Operations Center Support • Full-Spectrum Computer Network Operations • Continuous Monitoring/Information Assurance • Computer Forensics & Exploitation • Penetration Testing & Network Simulation Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) • Ground, Airborne & Space Systems • Test & Evaluation • Telecommunications & Elevated Sensors • Installation, Training & Sustainment Software and Systems Development • Requirements Analysis • Planning, Design, Implementation, Integration & Enhancement • Testing, Deployment, Maintenance & Quality Assurance • Documentation & Configuration Management • Waterfall, Rapid Prototyping, V Model, Agile & Scrum Supply Chain Management and Logistics • Operational Readiness • Streamlined Supply Chain • Global Property Management • Maintenance & Sustainment Enterprise IT • Network Operations & Infrastructure • IT Service Management • Mobile Computing & Device Management • Virtualization & Migration to the Cloud • Enterprise Development Systems & Management 4 4 ManTech International Corporation ManTech International Corporation Management Consulting • Process Evaluation & Analysis • Organizational Change Management • Policy & Governance Development • Risk Management • Strategy Development • Operational & Efficiency Improvements • Environmental Engineering • Technology Implementation & Advisory Support Multi-Disciplined Intelligence • Cyber Operations Support • Counterintelligence & HUMINT Operations/Training • Intelligence Lifecycle Support • SIGINT Analysis • Counterterrorism Operations & Support Program Protection and Mission Assurance • Full-Spectrum Security (INFOSEC, OPSEC, COMSEC and PERSEC) • Risk Management & Insider Threat Protection • Launch & System Safety • Software Assurance and IV&V Systems Engineering • Requirements Analysis, Development & Management • Systems Development & Integration • Enterprise Architecture & Concept of Operations • Systems Engineering & Technical Assistance (SETA) Test and Evaluation • Developmental, Operational & Flight T&E • Test Exercise Support & Analysis • Test Range Operations & Management • Independent Validation & Verification Training • Mobile Training Teams • Instructional System Design • Web-Based & Instructor-Led Training • Live/Virtual/Constructive Training • Interactive Courseware & Simulations 5 Solution-Focused - The right mix of solutions to solve tomorrow’s challenges. Cybersecurity and Proactive Defense Enhanced security posture in an evolving threat landscape Cloud Lifecycle Support Secure migration, management, and sustainment Infrastructure Modernization Reducing your system footprint and lowering total cost of ownership Asset Lifecycle Protection Protecting your assets from internal and external threats Biometrics and Identity Management Increased security that protects assets Modeling and Simulation Customized live, virtual, or traditional training using advanced technology Performance-Based Global Logistics Secure global logistics, operations, and planning with measurable outcomes Big Data and Predictive Analytics Bringing context to data Rapid and Agile Development Reduced lifecycle cost, using different software methodologies Surveillance and Reconnaissance Enhancing the intelligence lifecycle to deliver mission-critical information UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FORM 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 000-49604 ManTech International Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 22-1852179 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 12015 Lee Jackson Highway, Fairfax, VA 22033 (Address of principal executive offices) (703) 218-6000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered Class A Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share Nasdaq Stock Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act: Large accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2016 was $942,595,575 (based on the closing price of $37.82 per share on June 30, 2016, as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market). There were the following numbers of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock as of February 20, 2017: ManTech International Corp. Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 25,556,360 shares; ManTech International Corp. Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, 13,190,745 shares. Y DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY AA REFERENCE Certain portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed subsequent to the date hereof, are incorporated by reference into Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such definitive Proxy Statement will be filed with the Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. F TABLE OF TT CONTENTS Item 1. Business Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved SEC Staff Comments Item 2. Properties Item 3. Legal Proceedings Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Part I Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Item 6. Selected Financial Data Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Part III Item 11. Executive Compensation Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services Part IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule Item 16. Form 10-K Summary Signatures Schedule II Page 4 10 18 19 19 19 20 23 23 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 65 65 66 68 68 68 69 69 70 71 72 73 PARPP TRR I In this document, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Company” and “ManTech” as well as the words “we,” International Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “registrant” TT TT “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to both ManTech refers only to ManTech TT International Corporation, a Delaware corporation. Industry and Market Data Industry and market data used throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K were obtained through surveys and studies conducted by third parties, industry and general publications. WeWW have not independently verified any of the market data obtained from these third-party sources, nor have we validated any assumptions underlying such data. Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements All statements and assumptions contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that do not relate to historical facts constitute "forward-looking statements." These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often include the use of words such as "may,"yy "will," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "plan" and words and terms of similar substance in connection with discussions of future events, situations or financial performance. While these statements represent our current expectations, no assurance can be given that the results or events described in such statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements may include, among other things, statements with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, prospects, business strategies, competitive position, growth opportunities, and plans and objectives of management. Such statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of our control, and include, without limitations, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Item 1A "Risk Factors" in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Factors or risks that could cause our actual results to differ ff materially from the results we anticipate include, but are not limited to, the following: • • • • • • • • • • Failure to maintain our relationship with the U.S. government, or the failure to compete effectively contract awards or to retain existing U.S. government contracts; ff for new Issues relating to competing effectively the adverse impact of delays caused by competitors' protests of contract awards received by us; for awards procured through the competitive bidding process, including ff Inability to recruit and retain a sufficient and limited supply; ff number of employees with specialized skill sets who are in great demand Adverse changes in U.S. government spending for programs we support, whether due to changing mission priorities, socio-economic policies that reduce contracts that we may bid on, cost reduction and efficiency initiatives by our customers, or federal budget constraints generally; ff Failure to obtain option awards, task orders or funding under contracts; Increased exposure to risks associated with conducting business internationally; Failure to realize the full amount of our backlog, or adverse changes in the timing of receipt of revenues under contracts included in backlog; Renegotiation, modification or termination of our contracts, or failure to perform in conformity with contract terms or our expectations; Disruption of our business or damage to our reputation resulting from security breaches in customer systems, internal systems or service failures (including as a result of cyber or other security threats), or employee or subcontractor misconduct; Failure to successfully integrate acquired companies or businesses into our operations or to realize any accretive or synergistic effects from such acquisitions; ff 3 • Adverse changes in business conditions that may cause our investments in recorded goodwill to become impaired; • Non-compliance with, or adverse changes in, complex U.S. government laws, procurement regulations or processes; and • Adverse results of U.S. government audits or other investigations of our government contracts. We WW urge you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. We WW undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement made herein following the date of this Annual Report, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise. Item 1. Business Corporate Overview and Background We WW provide innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, yy Health and Human Services, Veterans and Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the space community; and other U.S. government customers. We WW are able to leverage our technical capabilities, our familiarity with and knowledge of our customers, and our experience providing a wide array of solutions and services to help our customers meet some of their greatest challenges and succeed in their most important endeavors. We WW support programs of national significance, such as military readiness and wellness, terrorist threat detection, information security and border protection, providing services to approximately 50 federal government agencies under approximately 1,000 current contracts. Affairs VV ff We WW were founded in 1968 as a New Jersey corporation, starting with a single U.S. Navy contract. We WW reincorporated as a Delaware corporation shortly before our initial public offering in February 2002. We WW have grown substantially since then. Our annual revenues have increased from approximately $0.43 billion at the end of 2001 to $1.60 billion in 2016. Additional financial information is provided in this Annual Report under Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplemental Data.” At December 31, 2016, we had approximately 7,000 employees. ff Our Solutions and Services We WW combine deep domain understanding and technical capability to deliver comprehensive information technology (IT), systems engineering and other services and solutions, primarily in support of mission-critical programs for the intelligence community, yy the Department of Defense (DoD), and federal civilian agencies including the healthcare, homeland security and space communities. We WW integrate our broad capabilities into tailored solutions to meet the evolving requirements of our customers' long- term programs. The following solution sets are aligned with the long-term needs of our customers: Software and Systems Development; • Cybersecurity; • • Enterprise IT; • Multi-Disciplined Intelligence; • Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR); • • • • Test TT and TT • Training; • Management Consulting. Program Protection and Mission Assurance; Systems Engineering; Supply Chain Management and Logistics; and Evaluation (T&E); Cybersecurity TT Today's security challenges extend beyond traditional IT; and threaten national security systems, classified networks and law enforcement systems, and systems responsible for providing critical civilian services. To TT address these challenges, we provide full-spectrum defensive cyber operations, manage and support security operations centers, offer continuous diagnostic monitoring/ information assurance services, computer forensics and exploitation, and perform penetration testing and network simulation services. Information Security Management System (ISMS) is mature and sophisticated. We WW have attained our ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certification, attesting to our ability to establish, implement, maintain and continually improve information security management 4 ff tailored to the needs of our customer. Our professionals tackle the most challenging problems facing the nation, identifying and neutralizing external cyber attacks, engineering tailored defensive security solutions and controls, developing robust insider threat detection programs and creating enterprise vulnerability management programs. We WW have provided cyber operations support to important national security customers for more than a decade, working across all domains of computer network operations, including defensive, offensive in support of national security objectives. WeWW provide comprehensive cyber space operations and cyber and exploitation efforts defense security solutions and services to the DoD; agencies in the intelligence community; the departments of State, Homeland Security and Justice; and other federal agencies. Our forensics and incident response capabilities can provide our customers with additional insight and evidence for post-attack assessments, assisting our customers with efforts to strengthen their security posture. customers insight into their infrastructure and the opportunity to deny,yy disrupt and degrade attempts to compromise our ff We WW offer customers' business operations and reputation. ff ff ff Software and Systems Development WeWW develop, modify and maintain software solutions and complex systems that link different computing systems and software applications to act as a coordinated whole. This solution set includes a broad array of full lifecycle services, including requirements analysis; planning, design, implementation, integration and enhancement; testing, deployment, maintenance and quality assurance; and documentation and configuration management. Our software and systems development activities support all major software development lifecycle methodologies, including Agile and DevOps methodologies. Our long-term commitment to the software and systems development discipline is exemplified by achieving a Capability Maturity Model Integration Level 3 rating for development. ff WeWW develop software solutions and systems across many domains and applications. Our experienced software engineers and developers design, develop, integrate, operate and sustain mission-critical software applications and systems across defense, intelligence and federal civilian customers, worldwide. Enterprise IT IT plays an increasingly central role in the missions of our defense, intelligence and federal civilian customers, and as a result, is an important part of many of our solutions. We WW develop, implement and sustain solutions that leverage technology across an enterprise delivering services that improve mission performance and reduce costs for our government customers. Solutions typically involve hardware and software to support the core technology infrastructure, such as data centers, cloud services, e-mail or desktop computing. Specific applications include IT service management, help desk, data center consolidation, enterprise architecture, mobile computing and device management, network operations and infrastructure, virtualization/cloud computing, network and a strong database administration, enterprise systems development and management, and infrastructure as a service. We WW offer foundation to support our global capabilities via a comprehensive ISO 9001:2000-certified management and control system, combined with our ISO 20000-certified IT service management processes, which enable us to provide the best value for our customers at a reduced cost of ownership across system lifecycles. ff WeWW evaluate our customers' enterprise infrastructure with the goal of increasing efficiency ,yy reducing system footprint and lowering total cost of ownership. We WW help our customers leverage their existing investments, enhance and optimize legacy systems, and consolidate technologies to create efficiencies, and simplify or automate processes. We WW are at the forefront of helping our customers migrate to new,ww innovative enterprise IT management methodologies, including fully-outsourced, managed services models. Our experts leverage innovations in cloud, virtualization, and other technologies to extend the life-cycle of our customers' critical applications and systems, while significantly lowering the total cost of infrastructure ownership. ff ff Multi-Disciplined Intelligence WeWW provide specialized professional and technical solutions and mission support services to national, defense and related intelligence agencies and other classified customers. Specific solutions include support to strategic and tactical intelligence systems, networks and facilities; development and integration of collection and analysis systems and techniques; and support to the development and application of analytical techniques to counterintelligence, human intelligence operations/training and counterterrorist operations. WeWW provide signals intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination, intelligence analysis and linguistics support, as well as cyber threat intelligence and insider threat support. WeWW develop, integrate and maintain advanced signal processing systems to support classified programs and facilities that collect and process intelligence. We WW provide counterterrorism operations support and counterintelligence analytical expertise. 5 C4ISR WeWW are a proven leader in the design, development, analysis, implementation and support of all aspects of C4ISR systems and technology. Our experience includes land, sea, air, space and cyber domains, to include command-and-control infrastructure, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance platforms and sensors (manned and unmanned), and the communication, dissemination and analysis of data. We WW have developed, tested, fielded and supported systems for the U.S. government across the globe, and have provided C4ISR operations and maintenance support for every major military deployment since Operation Desert Storm. Our C4ISR solutions and capabilities also include modeling and simulation; test and evaluation; supporting telecommunications systems and terrestrial sensors; developing, testing and incorporating new technology; and providing training for solutions needed by our customers. Program Protection and Mission Assurance As a trusted and experienced provider, we support highly-classified programs, including intelligence operations and military programs, with secrecy management and security infrastructure services. Our services include vulnerability assessment, insider threat protection, exposure analysis, secrecy architecture design, security policy development and implementation, lifecycle acquisition program security, yy (OPSEC, INFOSEC, COMSEC, and PERSEC), anti-tamper, export compliance support, foreign disclosure, system security engineering, security awareness and training, comprehensive security support services and technical certification and accreditation services. As part of our program protection support, we provide network architecture planning and implementation services and systems engineering services within secure environments requiring the application of multi-level security policies across the enterprise. Secure enterprise-wide network infrastructures and components include local area network/wide area network architectures, messaging architectures, network management solutions, directory services architecture and web hosting. For example, we developed a state-of-the-art analytic environment that provides access to regional, national and international information with appropriate security level access controls, providing direct operational support to time-sensitive counterterrorism activities in support of an intelligence community customer. In addition, we provide comprehensive mission assurance in the development, acquisition, manufacturing, testing, integration and site support for Air Force and NASA launch support and systems safety for mission-critical systems. We WW provide full spectrum security; reliability, yy maintainability and availability engineering; systems-safety engineering; hardware and software quality engineering; software assurance practices; and lifecycle support. We WW develop and review mission assurance and safety requirements and carry out design reviews and analysis, safety analysis, requirements verification, test readiness reviews, integration and test support, and operations support to ensure that those requirements are designed into systems. Systems Engineering WeWW apply systems engineering across a wide array of large-scale system development and acquisition programs used by government and industry. We WW provide world-class talent, proven management and technical processes to manage some of the most complex projects throughout their lifecycle, from concept through deployment. The systems engineering services we provide include requirement analysis, development and management; systems development and integration; enterprise architecture and concept of operations; and systems engineering and technical assistance. With W over four decades of experience, we are recognized across markets for our operational, engineering and technical expertise across major domains, including land, sea, air, and space, as well as cyberspace. We WW continually evolve our proprietary systems so that we may provide a regimented and interdisciplinary approach for transitioning from a stated engineering toolset, AgileTek, TT need to an operational and suitable system, service or capability. AgileTek TT expedites our systems engineering approach with quick access to tools such as Advanced Modeling and Simulation tool suites, Architectural Trade Analysis Methodology, yy and Metadata Tagging and Management. We WW use physical and virtual environments to rapidly deliver integrated and interoperable cross-domain TT solutions for rapid prototyping, rapid ISR insertion, as well as the design and development of ISR IT systems. TT Supply Chain Management and Logistics WeWW provide supply chain management and logistics services, involving the use of sophisticated systems that secure the entire supply chain, from supplies to data. Our tools and systems can predict requirements and provide secure, real-time tracking analysis and reporting data to meet our customers' needs. We WW have overseen some of the most important mission-critical logistics and 6 supply chain management efforts for the U.S. government and have provided a full range of logistics and maintenance support across the globe. Our supply chain methods are recognized throughout the defense, intelligence and federal civilian communities for the secure movement of data, equipment and sensitive materials. ff Our comprehensive set of integrated logistics and supply chain management services include supply chain management support (such as warehousing, logistics management, shipping/receiving and global property management), maintenance and reset of ground vehicles and electronics, business process outsourcing, transportation using contracted and government provided services and other field services support (including fielding, training and operations support). T&E WeWW provide T&E services to a wide range of defense, intelligence, homeland security and space customers. We WW provide comprehensive T&E services for tactical and strategic C4ISR systems and national security systems and IT systems. Our knowledge of DoD testing and evaluation policies and procedures ensures that technical solutions are complete and align with test requirements. Our T&E services are closely linked with our systems engineering capabilities, and include specific competencies in test engineering, preparation and planning; modeling and simulation; test range operations and management; systems and cyber vulnerability; and independent validation and verification. Our developmental T&E professionals verify systems for all types of federal acquisition programs, from planning through reporting phases. Our test engineers develop requirements and assess the technical maturity of systems before those systems are designated as programs of record. We WW monitor and review vendor testing to verify system performance against the technical specifications, and we plan and conduct developmental testing to ensure that systems are ready for operational testing. Our operational T&E professionals plan and execute a wide array of operational programs to ensure that systems meet suitability, yy interoperability and survivability in operational environments. Our test engineers plan requirements for effectiveness, and conduct integrated testing to streamline cost, schedule and risk during operational testing. ff TT Training WeWW deliver advanced training solutions using a range of environments, including live, virtual, constructive, immersive and gaming scenarios. WeWW leverage dedicated subject matter experts, a virtual cyber training range, and our longstanding, acclaimed University, yy in developing customized training solutions for our customers. We WW have also developed an learning center, ManTech online interactive multimedia instruction authoring environment that allows us to create optimal environments for "sharable content object reference" models to enhance e-learning. TT ff Specific offerings include mobile training teams; instructional systems design; web-based and instructor-led training; live, virtual, constructive training; and interactive courseware and simulations. We WW meet the global mission support demands of our customers by providing training and education tools in the most effective manner for our customers, whether in the classroom, in ff virtualized environments, or at customer locations in the U.S. and around the world. Management Consulting WeWW help organizations improve their performance by providing objective advice, specialized expertise and access to industry best practices in the form of progress evaluation and analysis, organizational change management, policy and governance improvements, environmental engineering, and development, risk management, strategy development, operational and efficiency technology implementation and advisory support. Specific applications include environmental, range and sustainability services; healthcare analytics; and "big data" solutions to drive better decision-making and controls. ff Our management consulting solutions include a focus on transforming health care by analyzing, designing, implementing, and evaluating information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship. WeWW collaborate with clinicians in the development of health informatics tools that promote safe, efficient, timely, yy patient-centered and equitable patient care. We WW also collect, manage and analyze large amounts of demographic and clinical data to help our customers prevent and treat disease, improving the health and quality of life in communities across the U.S. and worldwide. ff effective, ff WeWW are also a leader in the fields of environmental, range and sustainability planning, regulatory compliance, biological resources and policy development. Our multidisciplinary staff ff of planners, scientists, analysts and managers have the education, experience and expertise needed to develop and execute comprehensive sustainability strategies and environmental compliance programs for government and industry. We WW work with our customer to manage and comply with important environmental laws 7 and provide ocean and coastal environmental planning, coastal zone management planning, biological surveys and monitoring, bioacoustics and noise analysis, habitat restoration, invasive species management and solid-waste compliance support. Our Customers We WW derive the vast majority of our revenues from U.S. government customers. We WW have successful, long-standing relationships with these customers, having supported many of them for almost half a century. For each of the last three years we have derived approximately 98% of our annual revenues from our U.S. government customers, with at least 90% of our revenues each such year from national security and defense customers. Foreign Operations We WW treat sales to U.S. government customers as sales within the U.S. regardless of where the services are performed. U.S. revenues were approximately 98.4%, 99.9% and 99.7% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. International revenues were approximately 1.6%, 0.1% and 0.3% of our total revenues for the years ended to expand our international operations, primarily December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We WW have recently made efforts in support of allied nation governments, and we anticipate that our percentage of international revenues will increase from historical levels. ff Backlog At December 31, 2016, our backlog was $4.9 billion, of which $1.0 billion was funded backlog. At December 31, 2015, our backlog was $4.1 billion, of which $1.0 billion was funded backlog. We WW expect that approximately 31% of our total backlog will be recognized as revenue prior to December 31, 2017. We WW define backlog as our estimate of the remaining future revenues from existing signed contracts, assuming the exercise of all options relating to such contracts and including executed task orders issued under Indefinite Quantity/Indefinite Delivery (ID/ IQ) contracts. We WW also include an estimate of revenues for solutions that we believe we will be asked to provide in the future under the terms of ID/IQ contracts for which there are established patterns of revenues. We WW define funded backlog to be the portion of backlog for which funding currently is appropriated and allocated to the contract by the purchasing agency or otherwise authorized for payment by the customer upon completion of a specified portion of work. Our funded backlog does not include the full value of our contracts because Congress often appropriates funds for a particular program or contract on a yearly or quarterly basis, even though the contract may call for performance over a much longer period of time. A variety of circumstances or events may cause changes in the amount of our backlog and funded backlog, including the execution of new contracts, the extension of existing contracts, the non-renewal or completion of current contracts, the early termination of contracts, and adjustments to estimates for previously included contracts. Changes in the amount of our funded backlog also are affected by the funding cycles of the government. ff Patents, Trademarks, TT TT Trade Secrets and Licenses We WW own a limited number of patents. We WW also maintain a number of trademarks and service marks to identify and distinguish . While we protect our patents, marks, trade secrets and vital confidential information, our business the goods and services we offer does not depend on the existence or protection of such intellectual property. ff Seasonality Our business is not seasonal. However, in order to avoid the loss of unexpended fiscal year funds it is not uncommon for U.S. government agencies to award extra tasks or complete other contract actions in the weeks before the end of the U.S. government's fiscal year (GFY), which begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. Additionally,yy our quarterly results are impacted by the number of working days in a given quarter. There are generally fewer working days for our employees to generate revenues in the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Business Environment and Competitive Landscape Our primary customer is the U.S. government, the largest consumer of services and solutions in the U.S. In U.S. GFY 2016, the U.S. government obligated approximately $287 billion on contracted services. Our principal focus is on the national security 8 and defense of the U.S. homeland. The DoD is the largest purchaser of services and solutions in the U.S. government. With W the U.S. GFY 2017 budget of $524 billion, the DoD accounts for approximately 50% of the total discretionary budget. We WW compete in a market that is shaped by both customer requirements and federal budget priorities and constraints. Our key competitors currently include divisions of large defense contractors, as well as a number of mid-size U.S. government contractors with specialized capabilities. Because of the diverse requirements of U.S. government customers and the highly competitive nature of large procurements, we frequently collaborate with these and other companies to compete for large contracts and we bid against these companies in other situations. Following a decade of uninterrupted growth, federal spending came under pressure beginning in U.S. GFY 2012. Over the last several years, the failure to provide timely appropriations and constraints on discretionary spending created significant uncertainty about funding levels, which in turn caused federal agencies to delay contract award decisions, change spending patterns and reprioritize IT expenditures, which in turn adversely impacted the Company and our industry. In addition to the budget constraints of the last several years (which drove extremely competitive bidding, particularly on sustainment-related opportunities), the U.S. government's increased use of a lowest price/technically acceptable (LPTA) TT standard in connection with the procurement of certain services also contributed to pricing pressures. Generally,yy the use of an LPTATT standard results in lower margins compared to comparable services procured in other manners. At the same time, many government agencies increasingly prioritized setting aside certain work for small businesses and disadvantaged businesses, which reduced our ability to bid on those opportunities as a prime contractor. While we were able to pursue some of that work by teaming with small businesses and disadvantaged businesses, such arrangements typically have resulted in less revenue and profit for us than we would receive if we were permitted to pursue the work on a full and open basis. ff The difficult environment caused by the aforementioned developments began to improve in 2016. Congressional action in late 2015 alleviated much of the potential impact of sequestration and provided visibility into funding and spending levels throughout 2016 and through the recent presidential election. This improved budget clarity resulted in our customers making more award decisions and procuring services to meet mission needs on a more regular and predictable basis. We WW also believe that our customers' use of LPTATT procurements has leveled off.ff The U.S.government is currently operating under a continuing resolution through April 28, 2017, but the new Administration plans to submit a GFY 2017 budget amendment and supplemental request in March 2017, with a focus on needs within the DoD that (if approved) should result in a net increase over the top line amount requested by the previous Administration. The President is expected to submit his GFY 2018 budget in May,yy which should provide additional clarity with respect to out-year mission priorities and funding levels. The new Administration has sighted significant global threats, including the Islamic State in the Middle East, continued instability in Syria and Iraq, readiness and force structure needs within the military, yy increased concern regarding terrorism in the U.S. homeland and abroad, and cyber aggressions by both state and non-state actors, as priorities in establishing federal policy and budgets. We WW expect government funding priorities will continue to evolve under the new Administration. On January 27, 2017, the Administration issued the National Security Presidential Memorandum on Rebuilding the U.S. Armed Forces, which provides initial guidance focused on improving warfighting readiness and achieving program balance by addressing pressing shortfalls and building a larger, more capable and more lethal joint force. Although new Administration priorities will be subject to Congressional debate, we believe that the U.S. government's spending will remain robust in key areas that we are well positioned to serve, including national and homeland security programs, cyber security,yy sophisticated intelligence gathering and information sharing activities. Company Information Available AA on the Internet Our Internet address is www.mantech.com. Through links on the Investor Relations section of our website, we make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 9 Item 1A. Risk Factors Set forth below arerr the risks that we believe arerr material to our investors. YouYY together with the other information contained in or incorporated by refer rr ence our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. business, financial condition, results rr looking statements arerr made in this Annual Report. of operations and prospects, rr rr rr should carefully consider the following risks, into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our as well as the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-rr rr The risks described below are rr not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently rr rr those we currently operations. This section contains forward-looking rr limitations of forwar d-looking statements. YouYY statements set forth at the beginning of this Annual Report. should refer rr rr ff deem to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results known to us, or of rr to the explanation of the qualification and Risks Related to Our Business WeWW depend on contracts with the U.S. government for substantially all of our revenues. If our relationships with the U.S. government are harmed, our business, future revenues and growth prospects could be adversely affected. ff We WW derive the vast majority of our revenues from our U.S. government customers. We WW expect that U.S. government contracts will continue to be the primary source of our revenues for the foreseeable future. For this reason, any issue that compromises our relationship with the U.S. government generally or any U.S. government agency that we serve could adversely and materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. Among the key factors in maintaining our relationships with U.S. government agencies are our performance on our contracts and task orders, the strength of our professional reputation, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and the strength of our relationships with our customers and client personnel. To TT the extent our reputation or relationships with U.S. government agencies is impaired, our revenue and operating profits could materially decline. ff s revenues from WeWW derive most of our may be adversely impacted if we fail to compete effectively protests of contract awards that we receive. ff contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes, and our revenue and profitability in such processes, or if there are delays as a result of our competitors' d We WW derive a significant portion of revenues from U.S. government contracts awarded through a competitive bidding process. WeWW do not anticipate that this will change in the foreseeable future. Our failure to compete effectively in this procurement environment would have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability. The competitive bidding process involves risk and significant costs to businesses operating in this environment including: ff • • • • the substantial cost and managerial time and effort awarded to us; ff spent to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may not be the need to expend resources and make financial commitments (such as procuring leased premises) and bid on in execution, cost programs in advance of the completion of their design, which may result in unforeseen difficulties overruns, or, in the case of unsuccessful competitions, the loss of committed costs; ff the expense and delays that may arise if our competitors protest or challenge contract awards made to us, and the risk that any such protest could result in the resubmission of bids on modified specifications, or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract; and the ability to accurately estimate the resources and costs structure required to service any contract we are awarded. The current competitive environment has resulted in an increase in the number of bid protests from unsuccessful bidders on new program awards. It can take months to resolve protests by one or more of our competitors of contract awards we receive. Even where the protest does not result in us losing the awarded contract, the resulting delay in startup and funding of the work under such contracts may cause our actual results to differ ff materially and adversely from anticipated results. If we are unable to win particular contracts that are awarded through the competitive bidding process, we may not be able to operate in the market for services that are provided under those contracts for the duration of those contracts, to the extent that there is no additional demand for such services. Our inability to win new contract awards over an extended period of time would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. ff 10 We WW face aggressive competition from many competitors, which may adversely impact our profitability and growth prospects. We WW operate in highly competitive markets and generally encounter intense competition to win contracts, which are usually subject to competitive bidding processes. We WW may not be able to continue to win competitively awarded contracts at historic levels. We WW compete with larger companies who may have greater financial resources than we have. We WW also compete with smaller, more specialized companies that may be able to concentrate their resources into highly-skilled niche markets. Our competitors or greater capabilities or better contract terms than we can provide, including may be able to provide our customers with different price, technical qualifications, past contract experience, geographic presence and the availability of qualified professional personnel. In particular, increased efforts and cost reduction may require that we charge lower prices to win or retain contracts. If we lose business to our competitors or are forced to reduce our prices, our revenue and operating profits could decline. by our competitors to meet U.S. government requirements for efficiency ff ff ff We WW may fail to attract and retain skilled and qualified employees with requisite specialized skill sets or security clearances, which could impair our ability to effectively serve our clients, require more subcontracting work than is optimal, and limit our growth prospects. ff ff Our business depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain sufficient numbers of employees who have advanced IT and technical services skills. Often, these employees must also have some of the highest security clearances in the United States. Security clearances may take 12-24 months to complete depending upon the level of clearance and demand levels for cleared professionals. These employees are in great demand, and we compete intensely for such qualified personnel with other U.S. government contractors, the U.S. government, and private industry. Such personnel may remain a limited resource for the number of qualified employees or fail to obtain their appropriate foreseeable future. If we are unable to recruit and retain a sufficient security clearances in a timely manner, our ability to maintain and grow our business and effectively serve our clients could be limited and our future revenues and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted. Furthermore, to the extent that we are unable to hire sufficient qualified employees to staff ff our contracts, we may be required to engage larger numbers of contracted personnel, which could reduce our profit margins. Even if we are able to attract the requisite skilled employees, the intense competition for such employees may result in attrition in our employee ranks, requiring us to expend additional resources to hire and train replacement personnel. The loss of services of key personnel could impair our ability to perform required services under some of our contracts, which could result in the termination of such contracts and limit our ability to win new business. ff ff ff The U.S. government may prefer minority-owned, small and small disadvantaged businesses; therefore, we may have fewer opportunities to bid for.rr As a result of the Small Business Administration set-aside program, the U.S. government may decide to restrict certain procurements only to bidders that qualify as minority-owned, small, or small disadvantaged businesses. As a result, we would not be eligible to perform as a prime contractor on those programs and would be restricted to a maximum of 49% of the work as a subcontractor on those programs. An increase in the amount of procurements under the Small Business Administration set-aside program may impact our ability to bid on new procurements as a prime contractor or restrict our ability to recompete on incumbent work that is placed in the set-aside program. An increase in set-aside work, even where we are successful in teaming with a small business, could result in less revenue and profit for us. We WW may not realize the full value of our backlog, which may result is lower revenues than anticipated. As of December 31, 2016, our backlog was $4.9 billion, of which $1.0 billion was funded. Backlog is our estimate of the remaining future revenues from existing signed contracts, assuming the exercise of all options relating to such contracts and including executed task orders issued under ID/IQ contracts. Backlog also includes estimates of revenues for solutions that we believe we will be asked to provide in the future under the terms of ID/IQ contracts for which we have an established pattern of revenues. Our estimates are based on our experience using such vehicles and similar contracts. However, our estimates of future revenues are inexact and the receipt of these revenues are subject to various contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Historically, yy we have not realized all of the revenue included in our total backlog, and we may not realize all of the revenue included in our total backlog in the future. The actual accrual and recognition of revenues on programs that are included in backlog may never occur or may change for a number of reasons, including if a program is changed, delayed or cancelled; if the funding or scope of a contract is reduced, modified, delayed or terminated early (including as a result of a lack of appropriated funds or as a result of cost cutting initiatives); if an option that we have assumed would be exercised is not exercised; or if our estimates regarding the amount of services that we will provide under contracts prove to be inaccurate. Our unfunded backlog, in particular, contains management's estimate of amounts expected to be realized on unfunded contract work, and this work may never be realized as revenues. In addition, there can be no assurance that our backlog will result in actual revenue during any particular fiscal period, as the timing of the receipt of revenue under contracts included in backlog is subject to various contingencies, many 11 of which are beyond our control. If we fail to realize as revenues amounts included in our backlog, our future revenues and growth prospects may be adversely ff affected. U.S. government spending and mission priorities could change in a manner that adversely affects limits our growth prospects. ff our future revenues and ff Our business depends upon continued U.S. government expenditures on intelligence, defense, homeland security,yy federal health IT and other programs that we support. These expenditures have not remained constant over time, have been reduced in Additionally,yy in certain periods and, recently, yy have been affected recent years, in the face of growing national debt and long-term fiscal challenges facing the nation, spending levels for U.S. government programs generally, yy and in particular the U.S. defense budget, have come under pressure. During this period, Congress failed to approve budgets on a timely basis, eventually resulting in a government shutdown. Notwithstanding the recent stabilization of base budgets and improved budget clarity, yy discretionary spending may remain constrained, affect future levels of expenditures (or timing of expenditures), place pressure on operating margins, or result in a shift of expenditures to programs that we do not currently support. Each of these changes in U.S. government spending could adversely impact our business and future results of operations. by the U.S. government's efficiency and cost reduction efforts. ff ff ff Our earnings and profitability may be adversely affected necessary to satisfy some of our contractual obligations. ff if we do not accurately estimate the expenses, time and resources We WW enter into three types of U.S. government contracts for our services: cost-reimbursable, time-and-materials and fixed- lower margin price. Our customers have increasingly procured our services under cost-reimbursable contracts, which tend to offer opportunities than other contract types. ff For our last three fiscal years, we derived revenues from such contracts as follows: r YearYY Ended December 31, r Cost-reimbursable Fixed-price Time-and-materials Total 2016 2015 2014 67.7% 19.2% 13.1% 100.0% 67.8% 20.7% 11.5% 100.0% 68.9% 21.1% 10.0% 100.0% Each of these types of contracts, to varying degrees, involves some risk that we could underestimate our cost of fulfilling the contract, which may reduce the profit we earn or lead to a financial loss on the contract. • Under cost-reimbursable contracts, we are reimbursed for allowable costs and paid a fee, which may be fixed or performance-based. ToTT the extent that the actual costs incurred in performing a cost-reimbursable contract are within the contract ceiling and allowable under the terms of the contract and applicable regulations, we are entitled to reimbursement of our costs, plus a profit. However, if our costs exceed the ceiling or are not allowable under the terms of the contract or applicable regulations, we may not be able to recover those costs. In particular, there is increasing focus by the U.S. government on the extent to which contractors are able to receive reimbursement for employee compensation. • Under fixed-price contracts, we perform specific tasks for a fixed price. Compared to cost-plus contracts, fixed- price contracts generally offer higher margin opportunities, but involve greater financial risk because we bear the impact of cost overruns, which could result in increased costs and expenses. Because we assume such risk, an increase in the percentage of fixed-price contracts in our contract mix, whether caused by a shift by the U.S. government toward a preference for fixed-price contracts or otherwise, could increase the risk that we suffer losses if we underestimate the level of effort required to perform the contractual obligations. ff ff ff • Under time-and-materials contracts, we are reimbursed for labor at negotiated hourly billing rates and for certain expenses. We WW assume financial risk on time-and-materials contracts because we assume the risk of performing those contracts at negotiated hourly rates. 12 Our profits could be adversely affected ff if our costs under any of these contracts exceed the assumptions we used in bidding for the contract. U.S. government contracts contain provisions giving government customers a variety of rights that are unfavorable to us, including the ability to terminate a contract at any time for convenience. U.S. government contracts contain provisions and are subject to laws and regulations that give the government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts. These provisions may allow the government to: • • • • • • • • • • TT Terminate existing contracts for convenience, as well as for default; Reduce orders under, or otherwise modify,yy contracts or subcontracts; Cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable; Decline to exercise an option to renew multi-year contracts or issue task orders in connection with multiple award contracts; Suspend or debar us from doing business with the U.S. government or with a government agency; Prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency as a result of a finding of an organizational conflict of interest based upon prior related work performed for the agency that is deemed to give a contractor an unfair advantage over competing contractors; Subject the award of contracts to protest by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest and may also result in a requirement to resubmit offers for the contract or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract; ff TT Terminate our facility security clearances and thereby prevent us from receiving classified contracts; Claim rights in products and systems produced by us; and Control or prohibit the export of our products and services. If the government terminates a contract for convenience, we may recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, we may not even recover those amounts, and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items and services from another source. If one of our government customers were to unexpectedly terminate, cancel or decline to exercise an option to renew one or more of our significant contracts or programs, our revenues and operating results would be materially harmed. Internal system or service failures, including those resulting from cyber or other security threats, could disrupt our business provide services to our customers, which could damage our reputation and have a material and impair our ability to effectively adverse effect on our business and results of operations. ff ff We WW create, implement and maintain IT and engineering systems, and provide services that are often critical to our customers' operations, some of which involve classified or other sensitive information in intelligence, national security and other classified or sensitive customer functions. We WW are subject to systems or service failures (both our own failures and the failures of third-party service providers), which may be caused by natural disasters, power shortages or terrorist attacks, as well as from continuous exposure to cyber and other security threats, including computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers and physical break-ins. We WW also face a heightened risk of a security breach or disruption due to our custody of classified and other sensitive information. Many government contractors have already been targeted and these types of attacks are likely to occur in the future. Attacks on our network or other systems could result in the loss of customer or proprietary data, interruptions or delays in our customers' business, and damage to our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, the failure or disruption of our systems, communications or utilities could result in the interruption or suspension of our operations, on our business and results of operations. which could have a material adverse effect ff ff 13 If our systems, services or other applications have significant defects or errors, if we are successfully attacked by cyber or other security threats, or if we suffer ff delivery delays or otherwise fail to meet our customers' expectations, we may: • • • • • • • • lose revenue due to adverse customer reaction; be required to provide additional services to a customer at no charge; incur additional costs related to monitoring and increasing our cyber security; lose revenue due to the deployment of internal staff ff for remediation efforts ff instead of customer assignments; receive negative publicity,yy which could damage our reputation and adversely affect customers; ff our ability to attract or retain be unable to successfully market services that rely on the creation and maintenance of secure IT systems; claims for substantial damages, particularly as a result of any successful network or systems breach and suffer ff exfiltration of customer information; or incur significant costs complying with applicable federal or state laws, including laws governing protection of personal information. In addition to costs related to contract performance or required corrective action, these failures may result in increased costs or loss of revenues if our customers terminate or reduce the scope of our contracts, or do not renew our contracts as a result of such failures. Our errors and omissions insurance coverage may not continue to be available on reasonable terms or in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or the insurer may disclaim coverage as to some types of future claims. A successful large claim against us could seriously harm our business, and any claim, whether successful or not, may result in significant legal and other costs, may be a distraction to our management and may harm our customer relationships. ff Security breaches in customer systems could adversely affect ff our business. Many of the programs we support and the systems we develop, install and maintain involve managing and protecting information involved in intelligence, national security and other classified or sensitive customer functions. Losses from a security breach in one of these systems could cause serious harm to our business, damage our reputation, and prevent us from being eligible for further work on critical systems for our current customers or for other U.S. government customers generally. Losses could also exceed the policy limits that we have for errors and omissions and product liability insurance coverage. Damage to our reputation or limitations on our eligibility for additional work could materially reduce our revenues. We WW face risks associated with our international business. Our business operations are subject to a variety of risks associated with conducting business internationally, yy including: • Changes in or interpretations of foreign laws or policies that may adversely affect ff the performance of our services; • Political instability in foreign countries; • Conducting business in places where laws, business practices and customs are unfamiliar, unknown or inconsistent with U.S. requirements; • Customary business practices and other factors in foreign countries, including requirements to provide up-front performance bonds (guaranteed by a letter of credit from our lender), may involve uncertainties not associated with the business of contracting with the U.S. government, including potential difficulties in collecting receivables and fewer available remedies to the contractor in the event of contract disputes or contract terminations; ff • Imposition of limitations on or increase of withholding and other taxes on payments by foreign subsidiaries or joint ventures; 14 • • Currency fluctuations and devaluations and limitations on the conversion of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars; and Compliance with a variety of international and U.S. laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and U.S. export control regulations. These regulatory, yy geopolitical and other risks could have an adverse effect ff on our business in the future, particularly if we increase the amount of work that we plan to perform internationally. Acquisitions could result in operating difficulties, ff dilution or other adverse consequences to our business. One of our key operating strategies is to selectively pursue acquisitions. Our acquisitions strategy poses many risks, including: • As a result of an acquisition, we may need to record write-downs from future impairments of intangible assets, which could reduce our future reported earnings; • We WW may have difficulty ff retaining an acquired company's key employees, customers or contracts (particularly with respect to awards not made on a full and open basis); • We WW may have difficulty ff integrating acquired businesses, resulting in unforeseen difficulties, ff such as incompatible accounting, information management or other control systems; and • Acquisitions may disrupt our business or distract management from other responsibilities. In connection with any acquisition that we make, there may be liabilities that we fail to discover or that we inadequately assess. Acquired entities may not operate profitably or result in improved operating performance. Additionally,yy we may not realize anticipated synergies. If our acquisitions perform poorly,yy our business and financial results could be adversely affected. ff Goodwill represents a significant asset on our balance sheet, and changes in future business conditions could cause these investments to become impaired, requiring substantial write-downs that would reduce our operating income. As of December 31, 2016, our goodwill was $1.0 billion. The amount of our recorded goodwill may substantially increase in the future as a result of any acquisitions that we make. WeWW evaluate the recoverability of recorded goodwill amounts annually, yy or when evidence of potential impairment exists. Impairment analysis is based on several factors requiring judgment and the use of estimates, which are inherently uncertain and based on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Additionally, yy material changes in our financial outlook, as well as events outside of our control, such as deteriorating market conditions for companies in our industry, yy may indicate a potential impairment. When there is an impairment, we are required to write down the recorded amount of goodwill, which is reflected as a charge against operating income. If we fail to comply with complex laws and procurement regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions. We WW must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts. These laws and regulations affect how we conduct business with our U.S. government customers. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur additional costs. Non-compliance could result in the imposition of fines and penalties, including contractual damages. ff Among the more significant laws and regulations affecting ff our business are the following: • • • • The Federal Acquisition Regulation, which comprehensively regulates the formation, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts; The Truth T with contract negotiations; in Negotiations Act, which requires certification and disclosure of all cost and pricing data in connection The Cost Accounting Standards and Cost Principles, which impose accounting requirements that govern our right to reimbursement under certain cost-based U.S. government contracts; Laws, regulations and executive orders restricting the use and dissemination of information classified for national security purposes and the export of certain products, services and technical data; 15 • • U.S. export controls, which apply when we engage in international work; and The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can lead to severe penalties, both civil and criminal, and can include suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. government. Our contracting agency customers periodically review our compliance with laws and procurement regulations, as well as our performance under the terms of our U.S. government contracts. If a government review or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties or administrative sanctions, including the termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, the triggering of price reduction clauses, suspension of payments, fines and the suspension or debarment from doing business with federal government agencies. Additionally,yy the False Claims Act provides for substantial damages and penalties where, for example, a contractor presents a false or fraudulent claim to the government for payment or approval. Actions under the False Claims Act may be brought by the government or by individuals on behalf of the government (who may then share a portion of any recovery). If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we may also suffer harm to our reputation, which could impair our ability to win awards of contracts in the future or receive renewals of existing contracts. If we are subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions or suffer harm to our reputation, our current business, future prospects, financial condition or operating results could be materially harmed. ff ff Unfavorable U.S. government audits or results of other investigations could subject us to penalties or sanctions, adversely our profitability, yy harm our reputation and relationships with our customers or impair our ability to win new contracts. ff affect The Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), Defense Contract Management Agency and other government agencies routinely audit and investigate government contracts and contractor systems. These agencies review our contract performance, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. The DCAA also reviews the adequacy of, and compliance with, internal control systems and policies, including accounting, purchasing, estimating, compensation and management information systems. Allegations of impropriety or deficient controls could harm our reputation or influence the award of new contracts. Any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract will not be reimbursed, while such costs already reimbursed must be refunded. In recent years, U.S. government contractors have faced increased scrutiny by the DCAA and other U.S. government agencies. If any of our internal control systems or policies is found to be non-compliant or inadequate, payments may be withheld or suspended under our contracts, or we may be subject to increased government scrutiny and approval our ability to invoice and receive timely payment for services we perform on requirements that could delay or adversely affect our contracts. Adverse findings by DCAA may also impair our ability to compete for and win new contracts with the U.S. government. As a result, a DCAA audit could materially affect our competitive position and result in a substantial adjustment to our revenues and adversely affect our profitability. ff ff ff Our failure to maintain strong relationships with other contractors, or the failure of other contractors with whom we have entered into a subcontract or prime contract relationship to meet their contractual obligations to us or our clients, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. ff As a prime contractor, we often rely on other companies to perform some of the work under a contract, and we expect to continue to depend on relationships with other contractors for portions of our delivery of services and revenue for the foreseeable future. There is a risk that we may have disputes with our subcontractors regarding a variety of issues, including the quality and timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, client concerns about the subcontractor, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract, or our hiring of the subcontractor’s personnel. In addition, if any of our subcontractors fail to deliver supplies or perform services on a timely basis, our ability to fulfill our obligations as a prime contractor may be jeopardized and could result in our customer terminating our prime contract for default. A termination for default could expose us to liability and have an adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and orders. ff We WW derive a portion of our revenues from contracts where we are a subcontractor to other companies that have contracted directly with the end customer. As a subcontractor, we often lack control over whether the terms of the prime contract are being satisfied. Poor performance on such contracts could impact our reputation, even if we perform as required. In addition, as a subcontractor, we may be unable to collect payments owed to us by the prime contractor, even if we have performed our obligations, if the prime contractor has failed to satisfy the terms of the prime contract. 16 We WW occasionally enter into joint ventures with other companies to jointly bid on and perform a particular project. The success of our joint ventures typically depends on the satisfactory performance of contractual obligations by our joint venture partners. If our partners do not meet their obligations, our joint ventures may be unable to adequately perform and deliver the contracted services. Under these circumstances, we may be required to make additional investments and provide additional services to ensure the adequate performance and delivery of the contracted services. These additional obligations could result in reduced profits or, in some cases, significant losses for us with respect to the joint venture, and could also adversely affect our reputation. ff Our business operations in foreign countries involve considerable risks and hazards. An accident or incident involving our employees or third parties could harm our reputation, affect our ability to compete for business, and if not adequately insured or indemnified, adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. ff ff We WW provide services in foreign countries that may be experiencing political unrest, war or terrorism. In these deployments, we are exposed to the risk of liabilities arising from accidents or incidents involving our employees or third parties. Accidents or incidents could involve significant injury or other claims by employees or third parties. We WW may encounter unexpected costs in connection with additional risks inherent to such deployments, such as increased insurance costs, as well as the repatriation of our employees or executives for reasons beyond our control. We WW maintain insurance policies that mitigate risk and potential liabilities related to our foreign operations. Substantial claims our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and our reputation to compete in excess of our insurance coverage could adversely affect possible loss of revenues. Even fully insured claims may result in negative publicity that could adversely affect among our customers and the public, which could cause us to lose existing and future contracts, make it more difficult ff effectively for future contracts, and result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenues. ff ff ff Covenants in the instruments governing our revolving credit facility may restrict our financial and operating flexibility.yy We WW maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility. The maturity date for the credit agreement is June 13, 2019. The credit agreement requires us to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain consolidated total leverage ratios and a certain fixed charge coverage ratio, and contains negative covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on the ability of us to incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. Additionally,yy an event of default under the Credit Agreement could result in our creditors exercising rights that could have a material adverse effect on our business. ff Risks Related to Our Stock Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate. Our quarterly revenues and operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. For these reasons, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may be of limited significance in some cases, and as such, you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. In addition to the risk factors already identified in this section of our Form 10-K, a number of additional factors could cause our revenues, cash flows and operating results to vary from quarter-to-quarter, including: • Fluctuations in revenues earned on fixed-price contracts and contracts with a performance-based fee structure; • Commencement, completion or termination of contracts during any particular quarter; • Timing of significant bid and proposal costs; • Variable VV purchasing patterns under government contracts, blanket purchase agreements and ID/IQ contracts; • • Seasonal or quarterly fluctuations in our workdays and staff ff utilization rates; Strategic decisions, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offsff and joint ventures; and • Changes in the volume of purchase requests from customers for equipment and materials. Because a relatively large amount of our expenses are fixed, cash flows from our operations may vary significantly as a result of changes in the level of services we provide under existing contracts and the number of contracts that are commenced, completed 17 or terminated during any quarter. Depending on the nature of the contract, we may incur significant operating expenses during the start-up and early stages of large contracts, and in such cases we typically do not receive corresponding payments from the customer in that same quarter. We WW may also incur significant or unanticipated expenses when a contract expires, terminates or is not renewed. We WW may change our dividend policy in the future. WeWW have maintained a regular cash dividend program since 2011. We WW anticipate continuing to pay quarterly dividends during 2017. However, any future payment of dividends, including the timing and amount of any such dividends, is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and may depend upon our earnings, liquidity, yy financial condition, alternate capital deployment opportunities, or any other factors that our Board of Directors considers relevant. A change in our regular cash dividend program could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. ff rr Mr. Pedersen, those of other stockholders. our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ,rr effectively ff ff controls us, and his interests may not be aligned with As of December 31, 2016, Mr. Pedersen owned approximately 34% of our total outstanding shares of common stock. Holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, while holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to only one vote per share. Mr. Pedersen beneficially owned 13,190,745 shares of Class B common stock as of December 31, 2016; thus he controlled approximately 84% of the combined voting power of our stock as of December 31, 2016. Accordingly,yy Mr. Pedersen controls the vote on substantially all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. As long as Mr. Pedersen beneficially owns a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock, he will have the ability, yy without the consent of our public stockholders, to elect all members of our Board of Directors and to control our management and affairs. ff Mr. Pedersen's voting control may have the effect change of control of us, regardless of whether a premium is offered cause a change of control of us. Mr. Pedersen's voting control could adversely affect investors perceive disadvantages in owning stock in a company with such concentrated ownership. of preventing or discouraging transactions involving an actual or a potential over then-current market prices. Mr. Pedersen will be able to the trading price of our common stock if ff ff ff Mr. Pedersen could also cause a registration statement to be filed and to become effective ff thereby permitting him to freely sell or transfer the shares of common stock that he owns, which could adversely affect price of our stock. under the Securities Act of 1933, the trading ff Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit potential acquisition bids that you and other stockholders may consider favorable, and the market price of our Class A common stock may be lower as a result. There are provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws that make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of us, even if a change of control were considered favorable by you and other stockholders. Among the provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect, are provisions relating to the following: ff ff • • • • The high vote nature of our Class B common stock; The ability of the Board of Directors to issue preferred stock; The inability of stockholders to take action by written consent; and The advance notice requirements for director nominations or other proposals submitted by our stockholders. Item 1B. Unresolved SEC Staff ff Comments We WW have not received any written comments from the SEC staff ff regarding our periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act that remain unresolved. 18 Item 2. Properties We WW lease our facilities, including offices, warehouses and labs, and we do not own any facilities or real estate materially important to our operations. Our facilities are leased in close proximity to our customers. As of December 31, 2016, we leased 23 facilities throughout the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area and 29 facilities in other parts of the U.S., for approximately 1.4 million square feet. We WW also have employees working at customer sites throughout the U.S. and in other countries. Our leases expire between 2017 and 2024. WW ff We WW believe our current facilities are adequate to meet our current needs. We WW do not anticipate any significant difficulty ff in renewing our leases or finding alternative space to lease upon the expiration of our leases and to support our future growth. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We WW are subject to certain legal proceedings, government audits, investigations, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Like most large government defense contractors, our contract costs are audited and reviewed on a continual basis by an in-house staff ff of auditors from the DCAA. In addition to these routine audits, we are subject from time-to-time to audits and investigations by other agencies of the U.S. government. These audits and investigations are conducted to determine if our performance and administration of our government contracts are compliant with contractual requirements and applicable federal statutes and regulations. An audit or investigation may result in a finding that our performance, systems and administration are compliant or, alternatively, yy may result in the government initiating proceedings against us or our employees, including administrative proceedings seeking repayment of monies, suspension and/or debarment from doing business with the U.S. government or a particular agency or civil or criminal proceedings seeking penalties and/or fines. Audits and investigations conducted by the U.S. government frequently span several years. Although we cannot predict the outcome of these and other legal proceedings, investigations, claims and disputes, based on the information now available to us, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. ff Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 19 PARPP TRR II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity,yy Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our Class A common stock has been quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “MANT” since our initial public on February 7, 2002. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low prices of our shares of offering ff common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market. 2016 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2015 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter High $33.10 $39.15 $41.69 $45.52 High $35.23 $34.24 $30.91 $34.07 Low $25.76 $30.80 $36.78 $36.68 Low $29.51 $27.67 $25.20 $24.90 There is no established public market for our Class B common stock. As of February 20, 2017, there were 62 holders of record of our Class A common stock and 3 holders of record of our Class B common stock. The number of holders of record of our Class A common stock is not representative of the number of beneficial holders because many of the shares are held by depositories, brokers or nominees. Dividend Policy During fiscal years 2016 and 2015, we declared and paid quarterly dividends, each in the amount of $0.21 per share, on all issued and outstanding shares of common stock. For 2017, we anticipate we will continue paying quarterly dividends; however any future dividends declared will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other factors, upon our earnings, liquidity, yy financial condition, alternate capital allocation opportunities, or any other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities We WW did not issue or sell any securities in fiscal year 2016 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Equity Compensation Plan Information Information regarding our equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is incorporated by reference in Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.” Purchase of Equity Securities WW We did not purchase equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2016. 20 Performance Graph The stock performance graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock to the NASDAQ Composite-Total Returns Index, Standard & Poor's MidCap 400 Index, Russell 2000 Index and Standard & Poor's 1500 IT Consulting & Services Index. The period measured is December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2016. The graph assumes an investment of $100 in our common stock and each of the indices with reinvestment of all dividends. TT ff Pursuant to SEC rules, our performance graph must include both a broad market equity index and a published industry or line-of-business index (or a self-constructed peer index) in addition to our common stock. The rules also require that if a registrant selects a different index from an index used for the immediately preceding fiscal year, it must (i) explain the reason for the change and (ii) compare the registrant’s total return with that of both the newly selected index and the index used in the immediately preceding fiscal year. With W respect to the published industry index, in prior years we used the S&P North American Technology Services Index; however, that index was discontinued in March 2016. Accordingly,yy we have used the S&P 1500 IT Consulting Services Index as a replacement for the discontinued index (and because the S&P North American Technology Services Index was discontinued, we are unable to compare our total return with that index). With WW respect to our use of a broad market equity index, for fiscal year 2016 we have determined to use only the Russell 2000 Index, and we are discontinuing the use of the NASDAQ Composite-Total Returns and S&P MidCap 400 indices. The reason we are making the change is that we are one of the companies that comprises the Russell 2000 Index, and the Russel 2000 Index generally includes companies with more comparable market capitalizations to us (compared to the discontinued indices). Pursuant to SEC rules, for this performance graph we have included a comparison of our total return to both the selected index (Russell 2000) and the discontinued NASDAQ Composite-Total Returns and S&P MidCap 400 indices. TT TT TT TT 21 22 Item 6. Selected Financial Data The selected financial data presented for each of the five years ended December 31, 2016 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data presented should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the notes to our consolidated financial statements and Item 7 “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Statement of Income and Loss Data: Revenues Operating income Net income (loss) Basic earnings (loss) per share (Class A and B) Diluted earnings (loss) per share (Class A and B) Dividend per share Balance Sheet Data: Working capital Goodwill (3) Total assets Long-term debt 2016 2015 r YearYY Ended December 31, r 2014 (1) 2013 (2) 2012 (in thousands, except per share amounts) $ 1,601,596 $ 1,550,117 $ 1,773,981 $ 2,310,072 $ 2,582,295 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 90,963 56,391 1.48 1.47 0.84 229,659 955,874 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 84,886 51,127 1.36 1.36 0.84 189,276 919,591 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 94,816 47,294 1.27 1.27 0.84 195,491 851,640 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 22,243 (6,149) $ (0.17) $ (0.17) $ $ 0.84 170,988 95,019 2.57 2.57 0.84 453,560 752,867 $ $ 357,909 861,912 $ 1,598,464 $ 1,506,424 $ 1,487,402 $ 1,723,402 $ 1,841,909 $ — $ — $ — $ 200,000 $ 200,000 (1) On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as non-operating income. For additional information on the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, see Note 8 "Debt" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." (2) We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $118.4 million. (3) Over the past five years, we completed 10 acquisitions. In aggregate, these acquisitions have added $269.7 million in goodwill. For additional information on our recent acquisitions, see Note 3 "Acquisitions" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. For a description of these forward-looking statements, refer to Part I “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements.” A description of factors that could cause actual results to differ ff materially from the results we anticipate include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report. Overview We WW provide innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security, yy Health and Human Services, Veteran and Justice, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the space community; and other U.S. government customers. We WW derive revenues primarily from contracts with U.S. government agencies that are focused on national security and consequently our operational results are affected by U.S. government spending levels in the areas of defense, federal health information technology (IT), intelligence and homeland security. Affairs VV ff ff 23 Over the last few years, financial performance in our industry was adversely impacted by public and political pressure regarding government funding levels, uncertainty about the appropriations process and delays in contract awards and spending. With W the passing of budget and appropriation acts in late 2015 and early 2016, industry conditions began to improve. Entering 2017, the new Administration and Congress present shifts in the political environment and national priorities. Several priorities of the new Administration include the near term expansion of budgets for the Department of Defense (DoD) related to readiness, anti-ISIS and force structure readiness, which are generally favorable to our industry. The new Administration’s policy priorities will be presented to Congress to debate how to reconcile the stated priorities and needs with the continuing national budget deficits, debt ceilings and the Budget Control Act. WeWW believe our strong position as a prime contractor and our broad array of service offerings are a competitive advantage, and that we are well positioned to support the challenges our customers face. ff Although procurements based on cost or using a lowest price/technically acceptable (LPTA) TT standard have leveled off,ff we believe that certain of our customers will continue to make contract awards based on lower cost as well as overall technical solutions. ToTT ensure our cost structure remains competitive, we will continually evaluate and adjust our levels of indirect spending to stay in line with the expected business opportunities. As such, we expect to maintain, as a percentage of revenue, a consistent level of general and administrative expenses. Additionally, yy we will continue to pursue acquisitions that broaden our domain and/or establish relationships with new customers. Since going public in 2002, we have acquired expertise and service offerings and integrated 27 businesses into our operations. During 2016, we acquired Oceans Edge, Inc.'s cyber business (OEC) and Edaptive Systems, LLC (Edaptive). In 2016, we also expanded our service offerings internationally,yy supporting allied governments with services similar to our federal government support. ff ff Revenues Substantially all of our revenues are derived from services and solutions provided to the U.S. government or to prime contractors supporting the U.S. government, including services provided by our employees and our subcontractors, and solutions that include third-party hardware and software that we purchase and integrate as a part of our overall solutions. Customer requirements may vary from period-to-period depending on specific contract and customer requirements. The following table shows revenues from each type of customer as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented. DoD and intelligence agencies Federal civilian agencies State agencies, international agencies and commercial entities Total Year Ended December 31, 2015 90.7% 8.2% 1.1% 100.0% 2016 90.8% 6.7% 2.5% 100.0% 2014 92.2% 6.7% 1.1% 100.0% Our prime contractor revenues as a percentage of our total revenues were 88%, 88% and 89% for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We WW provide our services and solutions under three types of contracts: cost-reimbursable; time-and-materials; and fixed-price. rr Cost-reimbursable contracts-Under cost-reimbursable contracts, we are reimbursed for costs that are determined to be reasonable, allowable and allocable to the contract and paid a fee representing the profit margin negotiated between us and the contracting agency,yy which may be fixed or performance based. Under cost-reimbursable contracts we recognize revenues and an estimate of applicable fees earned as costs are incurred. WeWW consider fixed fees under cost-reimbursable contracts to be earned in proportion to the allowable costs incurred in performance of the contract. For performance based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon customer approval. Fixed-price contracts-Under fixed-price contracts, we perform specific tasks for a fixed price. Fixed-price contracts may include either a product delivery or specific service performance over a defined period. Revenues on fixed-price contracts that provide for us to render services throughout a period are recognized as earned according to contract terms as the service is provided on a proportionate performance basis. For fixed-price contracts that provide for the delivery of a specific product with related customer acceptance provisions, revenues are recognized as those products are delivered and accepted. TT Time-and-materials contracts-Under time-and-materials contracts, we are reimbursed for labor at fixed hourly rates and 24 generally reimbursed separately for allowable materials, costs and expenses at cost. We WW recognize revenues under time-and- materials contracts by multiplying the number of direct labor hours expended by the contract billing rates and adding the effect of other billable direct costs. ff Our contract mix varies from year-to-year due to numerous factors, including our business strategies and U.S. government procurement objectives. The following table shows revenues from each of these types of contracts as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented. r YearYY Ended December 31, r Cost-reimbursable Fixed-price Time-and-materials Total 2016 2015 2014 67.7% 19.2% 13.1% 100.0% 67.8% 20.7% 11.5% 100.0% 68.9% 21.1% 10.0% 100.0% Under cost-reimbursable contracts, there is limited financial risk, because we are reimbursed for all allowable direct and indirect costs. However, profit margins on this type of contract tend to be lower than on time-and-materials and fixed-price contracts. Cost of Services Cost of services primarily includes direct costs incurred to provide services and solutions to our customers. The most significant portion of these costs are direct labor costs, including salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees directly serving customers, in addition to the related management, facilities and infrastructure costs. Cost of services also includes other direct costs, such as the costs of subcontractors and outside consultants and third-party materials, including hardware or software that we purchase and provide to the customer as part of an integrated solution. Changes in the mix of services and equipment provided under our contracts can result in variability in our contract margins. As we earn higher profits on our own labor services, we expect the ratio of cost of services as a percent of revenues to decline when our labor services mix increases relative to subcontracted labor or third-party materials. Conversely, yy as subcontracted labor or third-party material purchases for customers increases relative to our own labor services, we expect the ratio of cost of services as a percent of revenues to increase. The proportion that cost of services bears to revenues varies in part based on our mix of revenues by contract type. In general, cost-reimbursable contracts are the least profitable of our government contracts but offer the lowest risk of loss. Under time-and- materials contracts, to the extent that our actual labor costs are higher or lower than the billing rates under the contract, our profit a loss under the contract. In general, we under the contract may either be greater or less than we anticipated or we may suffer realize a higher profit margin on work performed under time-and-materials contracts than cost-reimbursable contracts. Fixed- price contracts generally offer higher profit margin opportunities but can involve greater financial risk because we bear the impact of cost overruns in return for the full benefit of any cost savings. ff ff ff General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses include the salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees not performing work directly for customers, and associated facilities costs. Among the functions covered by these costs are corporate business development, bid and proposal, contracts administration, finance and accounting, legal, corporate governance and executive and senior management. In addition, we included stock-based compensation, as well as depreciation and amortization expenses related to the general and administrative function. Depreciation and amortization expenses include the depreciation of computers, furniture and other equipment, the amortization of third party software we use internally,yy leasehold improvements and intangible assets. Intangible assets include customer relationships and contract backlogs acquired in business combinations, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. rr Interest Expense Interest expense is primarily related to interest expense incurred or accrued under our outstanding borrowings on our debt and deferred financing charges. 25 rr Interest Income Interest income is primarily from cash on hand and late invoice payments by the government. Results of Operations YearYY Ended December 31, r 2016 Compared to YearYY Ended December 31, r 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of income and the relative percentages that certain items of expense and earnings bear to revenues as well as the year-over-year change from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2016 2015 Dollars Percentages (dollars in thousands) Year-to-Year Change 2015 to 2016 Dollars Percent $ 1,601,596 $ 1,550,117 1,369,775 1,320,697 100.0% 85.5% 100.0% $ 85.2% 51,479 49,078 140,858 144,534 90,963 (1,097) 121 83 84,886 (1,193) 160 1,501 90,070 (33,786) 85,354 (34,366) 107 139 $ 56,391 $ 51,127 8.8% 5.7% 0.1% —% —% 5.6% 2.1% —% 3.5% 9.3% 5.5% 0.1% —% 0.1% 5.5% 2.2% —% 3.3% $ (3,676) 6,077 (96) (39) (1,418) 4,716 (580) (32) 5,264 3.3 % 3.7 % (2.5)% 7.2 % (8.0)% (24.4)% (94.5)% 5.5 % (1.7)% (23.0)% 10.3 % REVENUES Cost of services General and administrative expenses OPERATING INCOME Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in gains of unconsolidated subsidiaries NET INCOME Revenues The primary driver of our increase in revenues relates to revenues from new contract awards, growth on existing contracts, including higher levels of material procurements and our acquisitions. These increases were offset by contracts and tasks that ended during 2016 and reduced scope of work on some contracts. Based on our new contract awards and recent acquisitions, we expect revenues to modestly increase in 2017. ff Cost of services The increase in cost of services was primarily due to increases in revenues. As a percentage of revenues, direct labor costs decreased slightly to 48.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to 48.7% for the same period in 2015. As a percentage of revenues, other direct costs, which include subcontractors and third party equipment and materials used in the performance of our contracts, increased to 37.5% for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 36.5% for the same period in 2015. In 2017, we expect cost of services as a percentage of revenues to remain relatively stable as compared to 2016. General and administrative expenses The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the sale of ManTech Cyber Solutions International (MCSI) and cost reduction measures. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses decreased for the year 26 TT ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the same period in 2015, due to the increase in revenues and reduced spending. In 2017, we expect general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues to remain relatively stable as compared to 2016. Other income (expense), net The decrease in other income (expense), net was due to the gain on the sale of MCSI during 2015. In 2017, we expect other income (expense), net will remain consistent with 2016 levels. Provision rr for income taxes ff Our effective tax rate is impacted by recurring items, such as tax rates and the relative amount of income we earn in various by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent taxing jurisdictions and their tax rates. It is also affected income tax rate was 37.5% and 40.2% for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, from year-to-year. Our effective respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate is primarily due to favorable performance in our executive deferred compensation ff plan and changes in our state tax apportionments, as well as one-time items. In 2017, assuming no changes in federal tax legislation, we expect our effective tax rate to increase slightly from 2016. ff ff ff YearYY Ended December 31, r 2015 Compared to YearYY Ended December 31, r 2014 Consolidated Statements of Income The following table sets forth certain items from our consolidated statements of income and the relative percentages that certain items of expense and earnings bear to revenues as well as the year-over-year change from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Year Ended December 31, 2014 2015 2014 2015 Dollars Percentages (dollars in thousands) Year-to-Year Change 2014 to 2015 Dollars Percent REVENUES Cost of services $ 1,550,117 $ 1,773,981 1,320,697 1,524,208 100.0% 85.2% 100.0% $ 85.9% General and administrative expenses OPERATING INCOME Loss on extinguishment of debt Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries NET INCOME Revenues 144,534 84,886 — (1,193) 160 1,501 85,354 (34,366) 139 $ 51,127 $ 154,957 94,816 (10,074) (5,802) 394 (233) 79,101 (31,525) (282) 47,294 9.3% 5.5% —% 0.1% —% 0.1% 5.5% 2.2% —% 3.3% 8.8% 5.3% 0.6% 0.2% —% —% 4.5% 1.8% —% 2.7% $ (223,864) (203,511) (10,423) (9,930) (10,074) (4,609) (234) 1,734 6,253 2,841 421 3,833 (12.6)% (13.4)% (6.7)% (10.5)% (100.0)% (79.4)% (59.4)% 744.2 % 7.9 % 9.0 % 149.3 % 8.1 % The primary driver of our decrease in revenues relates to reduced requirements supporting Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems and Mine-Resistance Ambush- Protected vehicles to the U.S. Army, yy including reductions in Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) as a result of the withdrawal of U.S. Forces and reduction in military operations in Afghanistan. Additionally,yy revenues were impacted by reductions in scope and contracts that ended. These reductions were partially offset by revenues from our acquisitions and new contract awards. ff 27 Cost of services The decrease in cost of services was primarily due to reductions in revenues. As a percentage of revenues, direct labor costs increased to 48.7% for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to 43.4% for the same period in 2014, due to the higher labor content on our core non-OCO contracts and a focus on performing more services with our own personnel versus subcontractors. As a percentage of revenues, other direct costs, which include subcontractors and third party equipment and materials used in the performance of our contracts, decreased to 36.5% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 42.5% for the same period in 2014, primarily due to reduced levels of subcontracting. General and administrative expenses The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to cost reduction measures. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2015 when compared to the same period in 2014, due to reduced revenues. Loss on extinguishment of debt As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes on April 15, 2014, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. rr Interest expense The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the redemption of the 7.25% senior unsecured notes on April 15, 2014. Other income (expense), net The increase in other income was due to the gain on the sale of MCSI in 2015. Provision rr for income taxes ff Our effective tax rate is affected and their tax rates. It is also affected ff Our effective ff ff by recurring items, such the relative amount of income we earn in various taxing jurisdictions by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year-to-year. income tax rates were 40.2% and 40.0% for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries The increase in equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries is primarily due to earnings from the GenTech ff VV Joint Venture by additional losses from the Fluor-ManTech and the NorthStar Technology Systems, LLC, offset Partners Logistics, LLC. TT TT TT Backlog For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 our backlog was $4.9 billion, $4.1 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively, yy of which $1.0 billion, $1.0 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively,yy was funded backlog. The increase in our backlog is due to our receipt of new awards. The current trend is that contracts are awarded for a longer term, which increases the time over which backlog will be recognized as revenue. Backlog represents estimates that we calculate on a consistent basis. For additional information on how we compute backlog, see “Backlog” in Item 1 “Business.” Liquidity and Capital Resources Historically, yy our primary liquidity needs have been the financing of acquisitions, working capital, payment under our cash dividend program and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash provided by operations and our revolving credit facility. On December 31, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $64.9 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2016, we were contingently liable under letters of credit totaling $23.1 million, which reduced our ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility by that amount. The maximum available borrowings under our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2016 were $476.9 million. On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or 28 $207.3 million. Generally,yy cash provided by operating activities is adequate to fund our operations, including payments under our regular cash dividend program. Due to short-term fluctuations in our cash flows and level of operations, it may become necessary from time-to-time to increase borrowings under our revolving credit facility to meet cash demands. Cash Flows from rr Operating Activities ff Our operating cash flow is primarily affected by our ability to invoice and collect from our clients in a timely manner, our ability to manage our vendor payments and the overall profitability of our contracts. We WW bill most of our customers monthly after services are rendered. Our accounts receivable days sales outstanding (DSO) were 73 and 68 for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in DSO is primarily related to invoicing on two large classified contracts as well as the acquisition of Edaptive adding accounts receivable with only two weeks of revenue. In 2017, we expect DSO levels to return to levels consistent with 2015. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our net cash flows from operating activities were $95.8 million, $153.9 million and $126.9 million, respectively. The decrease in net cash flows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015 was primarily due to timing on the collection of our receivables. The increase in net cash flows from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 was primarily due to significant improvements in our DSO, our ability to manage vendor payments and higher net income. Cash Flows from rr Investing Activities Our cash flow from investing activities consists primarily of business combinations, purchases of property and equipment and investments in capitalized software for internal use. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our net cash outflows from investing activities were $72.1 million, $112.7 million and $135.9 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, our net cash outflows from investing activities were primarily due to the acquisition of OEC and Edaptive as well as capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our net cash outflows from investing activities were our investment primarily due to the acquisitions of Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. (KCG) and Welkin Inc. and capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net cash outflows from investing in CounterTack activities were primarily due to the acquisitions of 7Delta Inc. (7Delta) and Allied Technology and capital expenditures. Associates, Ltd. (Welkin), Group, Inc. (ATG) WW WW AA TT TT Cash Flows from rr Financing Activities For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, our net cash outflows from financing activities were $10 thousand, $23.6 million and $236.3 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, our net cash outflows from financing activities were primarily due to dividends paid offset by the proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our net cash outflows from financing activities were primarily due to our dividend payments. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our net cash outflows from financing activities were due to the repayment of our senior unsecured notes and dividends paid. ff Revolving Credit rr Facility We WW maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as sole administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility,yy with a $50 million letter of credit sublimit and a $30 million swing line loan sublimit. The credit agreement also includes an accordion feature that permits us to arrange with the lenders for the provision of additional commitments. The maturity date is June 13, 2019. On May 17, 2016, we amended the credit agreement, which among other things increased the letter of credit sublimit from $25 million to $50 million. We WW deferred $1.8 million in debt issuance costs, cumulatively over the agreement, which are amortized over the term of the credit agreement. Borrowings under our credit agreement are collateralized by substantially all the assets of us and our Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the credit agreement) and bear interest at one of the following variable rates as selected by us at the time of borrowing: ff Rate (LIBOR) based rate plus market spreads (1.25% to 2.25% based on our consolidated total leverage a London Interbank Offer ratio) or Bank of America's base rate plus market spreads (0.25% to 1.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio). The terms of the credit agreement permit prepayment and termination of the loan commitments at any time, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement requires us to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain consolidated leverage ratios and a certain consolidated coverage ratio. The credit agreement also contains various covenants, covenants with respect to certain reporting requirements and maintaining certain business activities, and ff including affirmative 29 negative covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. As of, and during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2016 and 2015, we were in compliance with our financial covenants under the credit agreement. There were no outstanding balances on our revolving credit facility at both December 31, 2016 and 2015. 7.25% Senior Unsecured rr Notes On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million, which were registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as non-operating income on our consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2014. Capital Resources rr We WW believe the capital resources available to us from cash on hand, our remaining capacity under our revolving credit facility, yy and cash from our operations are adequate to fund our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next year. We WW anticipate financing our external growth from acquisitions and our longer-term internal growth through one or more of the following sources: cash from operations; use of our revolving credit facility; and additional borrowings of debt or issuance of equity. Cash Management To TT the extent possible, we invest our available cash in short-term, investment grade securities in accordance with our investment policy. Under our investment policy,yy we manage our investments in accordance with the priorities of maintaining the safety of our principal, maintaining the liquidity of our investments, maximizing the yield on our investments and investing our cash to the fullest extent possible. Our investment policy provides that no investment security can have a final maturity that exceeds six months and that the weighted average maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed 60 days. Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase. Dividend During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, we declared and paid quarterly dividends in the amount of $0.21 per share on both classes of common stock. hilWhile we expect to continue the regular cash dividend program, any future dividends declared will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other factors, upon our results of operations, financial condition and cash requirements, as well as such other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements In the ordinary course of business, we use letters of credit to satisfy certain contractual terms with our customers. As of December 31, 2016, $23.1 million in letters of credit were issued but undrawn. We WW have an outstanding performance bond in connection with a contract between ManTech TT MENA, LLC and Jadwalean International Operations and Management Company to fulfill technical support requirements for the Royal Saudi Air Force. This performance bond is guaranteed by a letter of credit sheet arrangements related to operating leases. For a description of our in the amount of $19.0 million. We WW have off-balance operating leases, see Note 9 "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statement and Supplementary Data." ff Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies ff results under different Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different assumptions and conditions. Application of these policies is particularly important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results may to make estimates and judgments that affect assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies, including the critical ff differ policies listed below, ww are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this report. from these estimates under different ff ff ff 30 Revenue Recognition and Cost Estimation WeWW recognize revenues when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the contract price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. WeWW have a standard internal process that we use to determine whether all required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. Our revenues consist primarily of services provided by our employees and the pass through of costs for materials and subcontract efforts under contracts with our customers. Cost of services consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, ff the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials and subcontract efforts. ff WeWW derive the majority of our revenues from cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee, fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for cost-reimbursable contracts are recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For performance-based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon approval by the customer. For time-and-materials contracts, revenues are recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. For long-term fixed-price production contracts, revenues are recognized at a rate per unit as the units are delivered or by other methods to measure services provided. Revenues from other long-term fixed-price contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or by other appropriate methods to measure services provided. Contract costs are expensed as incurred except for certain limited long-term contracts noted below. For long-term contracts, specifically described in the scope section of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-35, Revenue Recognition - Construction-TypeTT and Production-T Contracts, we apply the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, income is recognized at a consistent profit margin over the period of performance based on estimated profit margins at completion of the contract. This method of accounting requires estimating the total revenues and total contract cost at completion of the contract. During the performance of long-term contracts, these estimates are periodically reviewed and revisions are made as required using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. The impact on revenues and contract profit as a result of these revisions is included in the periods in which the revisions are made. This method can result in the deferral of costs or the deferral of profit on these contracts. Because we assume the risk of performing a fixed-price contract at a set price, the failure to accurately estimate ultimate costs or to control costs during performance of the work could result, and in some instances has resulted, in reduced profits or losses for such contracts. Estimated losses on contracts at completion are recognized when identified. In certain circumstances, revenues are recognized when contract amendments have not been finalized. ypeTT rr Accounting for Business Combinations, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible assets, financial assets and separately recognized intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Such fair value assessments require judgments and estimates that can be affected by contract performance and other factors over ff materially from original estimates. time, which may cause final amounts to differ ff WeWW review goodwill at least annually for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. We WW perform this review at the reporting unit level, which is one level below our one reportable segment. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. WeWW also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two- step quantitative impairment test. The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the reporting unit's fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further procedures are required. However, if the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment of goodwill may exist, requiring a second step to be performed. Step two of this test measures the amount of the impairment loss, if any. Step two of this test requires the allocation of the reporting unit's fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than is recorded as a goodwill impairment charge in operations. the carrying value, the difference 31 ff The fair values of the reporting units are determined based on a weighting of the income approach, market approach and market transaction approach. The income approach is a valuation technique in which fair value is based from forecasted future cash flow discounted at the appropriate rate of return commensurate with the risk as well as current rates of return for equity and debt capital as of the valuation date. The forecast used in our estimation of fair value was developed by management based on a contract basis, incorporating adjustments to reflect known contract and market considerations (such as reductions and uncertainty in government spending, pricing pressure and opportunities). The discount rate utilizes a risk adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The market approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in an actual arm's length transaction. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of publicly traded companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to us. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to us after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. The market transaction approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in actual arm's length transactions. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of merged and acquired companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to us. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to us after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. To TT assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, we compare the sum of the reporting units' fair values to our market capitalization (per share stock price times the number of shares outstanding) and calculate an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units' fair values over the market capitalization), and then assess the reasonableness of our implied control premium. VV VV WeWW have elected to perform our annual review as of October 31st of each calendar year. The results of our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2016 indicated that the estimated fair value of each reporting unit substantially exceeded its respective carrying value. In addition, management monitors events and circumstances that could result in an impairment. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred between annual testing dates. Events that could cause the fair value of our long-lived assets to decrease include: changes in our business environment or market conditions; a material change in our financial outlook, including declines in expected revenue growth rates and operating margins; or a material decline in the market price for our stock. If any impairment were indicated as a result of a review, ww we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. Due to the many variables inherent in the estimation of a reporting unit's fair value and the relative size of our recorded goodwill, differences ff in assumptions may have a material effect ff on the results of our goodwill impairment analysis. Recently Issued But Not Yet YY Adopted Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) For information on the recently issued but not yet adopted ASUs, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." 32 Contractual Obligations Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 are as follows (in thousands): Payments Due By Period Contractual Obligations Operating lease obligations (1) Other long-term liabilities (2) Accrued defined benefit obligations (3) Total Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years $ $ 125,742 $ 28,533 $ 44,175 $ 27,138 $ 14,645 1,100 2,071 122 4,685 237 3,684 220 25,896 4,205 521 141,487 $ 30,726 $ 49,097 $ 31,042 $ 30,622 (1) See Note 9 "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information regarding operating leases. (2) Includes approximately $11.1 million of deferred rent liabilities and $0.3 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits. See Note 9 "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information regarding deferred rent liabilities. See Note 12 "Income Taxes" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information regarding gross unrecognized tax benefits. (3) Includes unfunded pension obligations related to nonqualified supplemental defined benefit pension plans for certain retired employees of an acquired company, yy which is included in the accrued retirement amount on our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 11 "Retirement Plans" to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" for additional information regarding retirement plans. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Our exposure to market risk relates to changes in interest rates for borrowings under our revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2016, we had no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility bear interest at variable rates. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates would have no effect on our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2016, as there were no borrowings during the year. ff We WW do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. When we have excess cash, we invest in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. Our investments are made in accordance with an investment policy. Under this policy, yy no investment security can have a maturity exceeding six months and the weighted average maturity of the portfolio cannot exceed 60 days. 33 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Page 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 34 REPORTRR OF INDEPENDENT F REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM TT To the Board of Directors of ManTech International Corporation Fairfax, VirVV ginia TT WeWW have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ManTech International Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity,yy and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. TT WeWW conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We WW believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly,yy in all material respects, the financial position of ManTechTT International Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, yy in all material respects, the information set forth therein. WeWW have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-rr Commission and our report Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway dated February 22, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. TT /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP McLean, VirVV ginia February 22, 2017 35 L MANTECH INTERNATIONAL AA AA CORPORA TION CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AA (In Thousands Except Share and Per Shar r e Amounts) December 31, 2016 2015 ASSETS $ 64,936 $ Cash and cash equivalents Receivables—net Prepaid expenses and other Contractual inventory Total Current Assets Goodwill Other intangible assets—net Employee supplemental savings plan assets Property and equipment—net Investments Other assets TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Total Current Liabilities Deferred income taxes—non-current Accrued retirement Other long-term liabilities TOTAL LIABILITIES COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Common stock, Class A—$0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 25,795,973 and 24,731,584 shares issued at December 31, 2016 and 2015; 25,551,860 and 24,487,471 shares outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015 Common stock, Class B—$0.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 13,190,745 and 13,191,845 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015 Additional paid-in capital Treasury stock, 244,113 and 244,113 shares at cost at December 31, 2016 and 2015 Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive loss TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 320,677 34,423 1,277 421,313 955,874 154,931 29,383 23,121 11,691 2,151 41,314 304,253 23,605 — 369,172 919,591 154,176 27,557 22,439 10,853 2,636 $ 1,598,464 $ 1,506,424 $ 108,888 $ 106,271 70,768 11,998 191,654 122,081 30,581 12,481 356,797 60,940 12,685 179,896 102,035 29,877 10,879 322,687 258 132 471,906 (9,158) 778,710 (181) 1,241,667 247 132 438,168 (9,158) 754,457 (109) 1,183,737 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 1,598,464 $ 1,506,424 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 36  CORPORA TION AA MANTECH INTERNATIONAL L AA ATT TEMENTS OF F INCOME AA CONSOLIDATED ST r (In Thousands Except Per Shar e Amounts) AA REVENUES Cost of services General and administrative expenses OPERATING INCOME Loss on extinguishment of debt Interest expense Interest income Other income (expense), net INCOME FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS Provision for income taxes Equity in gains (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries NET INCOME BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE: Class A common stock Class B common stock DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE: Class A common stock Class B common stock Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 1,601,596 $ 1,550,117 $ 1,773,981 1,369,775 1,320,697 140,858 90,963 — (1,097) 121 83 90,070 (33,786) 107 56,391 1.48 1.48 1.47 1.47 $ $ $ $ $ 144,534 84,886 — (1,193) 160 1,501 85,354 (34,366) 139 51,127 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 $ $ $ $ $ 1,524,208 154,957 94,816 (10,074) (5,802) 394 (233) 79,101 (31,525) (282) 47,294 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 $ $ $ $ $ See notes to consolidated financial statements. 37 L MANTECH INTERNATIONAL AA CONSOLIDATED ST AA F ATT TEMENTS OF AA AA CORPORA COMPREHENSIVE INCOME TION (In Thousands) NET INCOME OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS): Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plans, net of tax Translation adjustments, net of tax Total other comprehensive income (loss) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 $ 56,391 $ 51,127 $ 47,294 (29) (43) (72) 56,319 $ 84 14 98 $ 51,225 $ (64) (19) (83) 47,211 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 38 CONSOLIDATED ST AA AA L MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CHANGES IN ST F ATT TEMENTS OF AA CORPORA AA TION OCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (In Thousands) 2016 December 31, 2015 2014 $ 247 $ 244 $ 11 258 132 132 438,168 30,551 3,323 (136) 471,906 (9,158) (9,158) 754,457 56,391 (32,138) 778,710 3 247 132 132 428,895 7,865 4,379 (2,971) 438,168 (9,158) (9,158) 734,873 51,127 (31,543) 754,457 (207) 14 84 (109) 1,183,737 $ $ 242 2 244 132 132 423,787 3,919 4,400 (3,211) 428,895 (9,158) (9,158) 718,892 47,294 (31,313) 734,873 (124) (19) (64) (207) 1,154,779 Common Stock, Class A At beginning of year Stock option exercises At end of year Common Stock, Class B At beginning of year At end of year Additional Paid-In Capital At beginning of year Stock option exercises Stock compensation expense Tax deficiency from the exercise of stock options At end of year Treasury Stock, at cost At beginning of year At end of year Retained Earnings At beginning of year Net income Dividends At end of year Accumulated Other Compr r ehensive Loss At beginning of year Translation adjustments, net of tax Actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plans, net of tax At end of year Total Stockholders' Equity (109) (43) (29) (181) 1,241,667 $ See notes to consolidated financial statements 39 L MANTECH INTERNATIONAL AA CONSOLIDATED ST AA AA ATT TEMENTS OF F (In Thousands) AA CORPORA CASH FLOWS TION CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Deferred income taxes Depreciation and amortization Stock-based compensation Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options Equity in (gains) losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries (Gain) loss on sale and retirement of property and equipment Gain on disposition of business Loss on extinguishment of debt Change in assets and liabilities—net of effects from acquired businesses: Receivables-net Prepaid expenses and other Contractual inventory Employee supplemental savings plan asset Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Accrued retirement Other Net cash flow from operating activities CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisition of businesses-net of cash acquired Purchases of property and equipment Investment in capitalized software for internal use Payments to acquire investments Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Transaction costs for disposition of business Proceeds from sale of investment Net cash flow from investing activities Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 $ 56,391 $ 51,127 $ 47,294 18,254 30,191 3,323 (1,656) (107) (12) — — (5,611) (10,641) (1,277) (1,826) (162) 6,926 (687) 704 1,954 95,764 (60,556) (7,662) (2,748) (1,183) 17 — — (72,132) 30,553 30,276 4,379 (73) (139) (656) (1,692) — 82,727 (4,990) — 4,184 (44,103) 2,703 913 (2,927) 1,601 18,668 30,446 4,400 (70) 282 251 — 10,074 102,076 326 3,963 24 (87,105) (2,762) (750) (761) 569 153,883 126,925 (101,556) (5,202) (1,025) (4,500) 696 (1,174) 13 (112,748) (124,247) (4,083) (7,399) (159) — — — (135,888) 40 CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Dividends paid Proceeds from exercise of stock options Excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options Debt issuance costs Borrowings under revolving credit facility Repayments under revolving credit facility Repayment of senior unsecured notes Net cash flow from financing activities NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (32,139) 30,562 (31,543) 7,868 (31,312) 3,922 — 73 1,656 (89) 163,200 — — (163,200) — (10) 23,622 (23,602) 17,533 70 (1,687) 160,000 (160,000) — (207,250) (236,257) (245,220) 269,001 23,781 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 41,314 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD $ 64,936 $ 41,314 $ 23,781 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Cash paid for interest Noncash investing and financing activities: Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid $ $ 983 325 $ $ 1,203 $ 8,597 — $ 96 See notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AA STL ATT TEMENTS AA 1. Description of the Business YY Years Ended r December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 TT ManTech International Corporation (depending on the circumstances, “ManTech” “Company” “we” “our” “ours” or “us”) provides innovative technologies and solutions for mission-critical national security programs for the intelligence community; the departments of Defense, State, Homeland Security,yy Health and Human Services, Veteran and Justice, including the FBI; the space community; and other U.S. government customers. WeWW provide support to critical national security programs for approximately 50 federal agencies through approximately 1,000 current contracts. Our expertise includes cybersecurity; software and systems development; enterprise IT; multi-disciplined intelligence; program protection and mission assurance; systems engineering; test and evaluation; C4ISR; training; supply chain management and logistics; and management consulting. We WW support major national missions, such as military readiness and wellness, terrorist threat detection, information security and border protection. Our employees operate primarily in the U.S. as well as numerous locations internationally. Affairs VV TT ff 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation-Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ManTechTT International Corporation, subsidiaries we control and variable interest entities that are required to be consolidated. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Other investments in entities where we have significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method. ff Use of Accounting Estimates-We WW prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, PP which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates involve judgments with respect to, among other things, various future economic factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond the control of us. Therefore, actual amounts could differ from these estimates. ff ff ff Revenue Recognition-We WW derive the majority of our revenues from cost-plus-fixed-fee, cost-plus-award-fee, fixed-price and time-and-materials contracts. Revenues for cost-reimbursable contracts are recorded as reimbursable costs are incurred, including an estimated share of the applicable contractual fees earned. For performance-based fees under cost-reimbursable contracts, we recognize the relevant portion of the expected fee to be awarded by the customer at the time such fee can be reasonably estimated, based on factors such as our prior award experience and communications with the customer regarding performance, or upon approval by the customer. For time-and-materials contracts, revenues are recognized to the extent of billable rates times hours delivered plus materials and other reimbursable costs incurred. For long-term fixed-price contracts, revenues are recognized at a rate per unit as the units are delivered or by other methods to measure services provided. Revenues from other long-term fixed- price contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period or by other appropriate methods to measure services provided. Contract costs are expensed as incurred except for certain limited long-term contracts noted below. For long-term contracts, specifically described in the scope section of ASC 605-35, Revenue Recognition - Construction-Type ypeTT Contracts, we apply the percentage of completion method. Under the percentage of completion method, income is recognized at a consistent profit margin over the period of performance based on estimated profit margins at completion of the contract. This method of accounting requires estimating the total revenues and total contract cost at completion of the contract. During the performance of long-term contracts, these estimates are periodically reviewed and revisions are made as required using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. The impact on revenues and contract profit as a result of these revisions is included in the periods in which the revisions are made. This method can result in the deferral of costs or the deferral of profit on these contracts. Because we assume the risk of performing a fixed-price contract at a set price, the failure to accurately estimate ultimate costs or to control costs during performance of the work could result, and in some instances has resulted, in reduced profits or losses for such contracts. Estimated losses on contracts at completion are recognized when identified. In certain circumstances, revenues are recognized when contract amendments have not been finalized. and Production-T TT rr Cost of Services-Cost of services consists primarily of compensation expenses for program personnel, the fringe benefits associated with this compensation and other direct expenses incurred to complete programs, including cost of materials and subcontract efforts. ff General and Administrative Expenses-General and administrative expenses include the salaries and wages, plus associated fringe benefits of our employees not performing work directly for customers, and associated facilities costs. Among the functions covered by these costs are corporate business development, bid and proposal, contracts administration, finance and accounting, legal, corporate governance and executive and senior management. In addition, we include stock-based compensation, as well as 42 depreciation and amortization expenses related to the general and administrative function. We WW recognize interest related to unrecognized tax benefits within interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses. We WW classify indirect costs incurred as cost of services and general and administrative expenses in the same manner as such costs are defined in our disclosure statements under U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards. Cash and Cash Equivalents-For the purpose of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less at the date of purchase. Due to the short maturity of cash equivalents, the carrying value on our consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value. Property and Equipment-Property and equipment are recorded at original cost to us. Upon sale or retirement, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are eliminated from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and Amortization Method-Furniture equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with estimated useful lives ranging from one to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the asset's useful life or the term of the lease. ff and office dd Goodwill-The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible assets, financial assets and separately recognized intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. WeWW review goodwill at least annually for impairment, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be fully recoverable. Other Intangible Assets-Contract rights and other intangible assets are amortized primarily using the pattern of benefits method over periods ranging from one to twenty-five years. We WW account for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-985, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Softwarerr . These capitalized software costs are included in other intangible assets, net. We WW account for software development costs related to software products for sale, lease or otherwise marketed in accordance with ASC 985-20, Software rr - Costs of Software rr to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed. For projects fully funded by us, development costs are capitalized from the point of demonstrated technological feasibility until the point in time that the product is available for general release to customers. Once the product is available for general release, capitalized costs are amortized based on units sold or on a straight-line basis over a five-year period or other such shorter period as may be required. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets-Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of long- lived assets may not be fully recoverable, we evaluate the probability that future undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If any impairment were indicated as a result of this review,ww we would recognize a loss based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value. rr Compensation - Rabbi Trust Employee Supplemental Savings Plan (ESSP) Assets-We WW maintain several non-qualified defined contribution supplemental retirement plans for certain key employees that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 710-10-05, Compensation - General - Deferred , as the underlying assets are held in rabbi trusts with investments directed by the respective employee. A rabbi trust is a grantor trust generally set up to fund compensation for a select group of management and the assets of this trust are available to satisfy the claims of general creditors in the event of bankruptcy of us. The assets held by the rabbi trusts are recorded at cash surrender value in our consolidated financial statements as ESSP assets with a related liability to employees recorded as a deferred compensation liability in accrued retirement. TT Billings In Excess of Revenue ff Earned-Wdd e WW receive advances and milestone payments from customers that exceed the revenues earned to date. We WW classify such items as current liabilities. Stock-based Compensation-We WW account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the use of a valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. We WW have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model to determine fair value on the dates of grant. The fair value is included in operating expenses or capitalized, as appropriate, straight-line over the period in which service is provided in exchange for the award. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. The compensation expense for restricted stock is recognized over the service period and is based on the grant date fair value of the stock and the number of shares expected to vest. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock unit (RSU) is equal to the closing 43 market price of our common stock on the grant date less the present value of dividends expected to be awarded during the service period. We WW recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs of shares we expect to issue as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period. TT TT Income Taxes of differences -We WW account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes ff . Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects between the financial statement and tax bases of assets ff and liabilities given the provisions of enacted tax laws. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the assets or liabilities from year-to-year. In providing for deferred taxes, we consider tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, estimates of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax-planning strategies vary, yy adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more likely than not” criteria. We WW recognize VV required. Valuation the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would “more likely than not” sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the “more likely than not” threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Foreign-Currency Translation -All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at fiscal year- end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average monthly exchange rates prevailing during the fiscal year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). TT Comprehensive Income (Loss)-Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income; translation adjustments, net of tax; and actuarial gain (loss) on defined benefit pension plan, net of tax. VV Fair Value of Financial Instruments-The carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these amounts. VV Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)-We WW determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in a VIE. The reporting entity with a variable interest or interest that provides the reporting entity with a controlling financial interest in a VIE will have both (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We WW have one entity that has been consolidated as a VIE. The purpose of the entity is to perform on certain U.S. Navy contracts. The maximum amount of loss we are exposed to as of December 31, 2016 was not material to our consolidated financial statements. Investments-Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but we do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Significant influence typically exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is included in equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries on our consolidated statement of income and loss. Investments where we have less than 20% ownership interest in the investee and lack the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. Under the cost method, we recognize our investment in the stock of an investee as an asset. The investment is measured initially at cost. WeWW recognize as income dividends received that are distributed from net accumulated earnings. Dividends received in excess of earnings are considered a return of investment and are recorded as reductions of costs of the investment. Impairment is assessed at the individual investment level. An investment is impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its costs. If it is determined that the impairment is other than temporary,yy then an impairment loss is recognized in earnings. The fair value of the investment would become the new cost basis of the investment and will not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. ASUs TT 350): Simplifying the Test TT On January 26, 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the manner in which an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity,yy prior to the amendments in ASU 2017-04, had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities, including unrecognized assets and liabilities, in accordance with the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. However, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should (1) perform its annual or interim goodwill FF 44 impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and (2) recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the understanding that the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally,yy ASU 2017-04 removes the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails such qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Finally,yy this ASU amends the Overview and Background sections of the Accounting Standards Codification as part of the FASB’ and Subtopics. Public entities that are SEC filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU prospectively for their annual, or any interim, goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Note that early adoption is permitted for all entities for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We WW are currently evaluating the effect of adoption on our consolidated financial statements. s initiative to unify and improve such sections across Topics TT FF ff TT TT On January 5, 2017, the FASBFF 805)—Clarifying the Definition of a has issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic Business, which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. Under the current implementation guidance in Topic 805, there are three elements of a business: inputs, processes and outputs. While an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively, yy a “set”) that is a business usually has outputs, outputs are not required to be present. Additionally, yy all of the inputs and processes that a seller uses in operating a set are not required if market participants can acquire the set and continue to produce outputs. The amendments in ASU 2017-01 provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If, however, the screen is not met, then the amendments in this ASU (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. Finally,yy the amendments in this ASU narrow the definition of the term “output” so that the term is consistent with the manner in for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which outputs are described in TopicTT including interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permissible. We WW are currently evaluating the effect of adoption on our consolidated financial statements. 606. The amendments are effective ff ff ff TT — of Cash Flows (Topic On August 26, 2016, the FASBFF issued ASU 2016-15—Statement 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (including bank-owned life insurance policies); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities, including both business entities and not-for-profit entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under Topic for fiscal years that start after December 15, 2017. We WW do not plan to early adopt this ASU. We WW plan to apply it retrospectively to all periods presented in our quarterly and annual reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K. WeWW plan to apply the equity method of accounting for applicable investments. Therefore, we will make an accounting policy election to classify distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach. Distributions received are considered returns on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities, unless the investor’s cumulative distributions received less distributions received in prior periods that were determined to be returns of investment exceed cumulative equity in earnings recognized by the investor (as adjusted for amortization When such an excess occurs, the current-period distribution up to this excess is considered a return of of basis differences). ff investment and should be classified as cash inflows from investing. We WW do not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. 230. The amendments in ASU 2016-15 become effective TT ff ff ff TT 718). The FASBFF On March 30, 2016, the FASBFF issued ASU 2016-09—Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic is issuing this ASU as part of its Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this ASU affect all entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The areas for simplification in this ASU involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liability and classification on the statement of cash flows. Specifically,yy all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards should be treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. An entity also should recognize excess tax benefits regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period. Excess tax benefits should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity. An entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. The threshold to qualify for equity classifications permits withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdiction. Cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity. For public business entities, the for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those amendments in this ASU are effective ff ff 45 annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim or annual period. Amendments related to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized, minimum statutory withholding requirements, forfeitures and intrinsic value should be adjustment to equity as of the beginning applied using a modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect of the period in which the guidance is adopted. Amendments related to the presentation of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares to meet the minimum statutory withholding requirement should be applied retrospectively. Amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement and the practical expedient for estimating expected term should be applied prospectively. An entity may elect to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. We WW are adopting this ASU on January 1, 2017. We WW will be accounting for forfeitures as they occur, as such we will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings for $0.2 million. While we do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, it will introduce an additional element of volatility in ff our effective tax rate. ff ff Method and Joint Ventur On March 15, 2016, the FASBFF — issued ASU 2016-07—Investments—Equity 323). This TT ASU simplifies the accounting for equity method investments. The amendments in this ASU eliminate the requirement in Topic 323 that an entity retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting if an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership or degree of influence. The amendments require that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. The amendments in this ASU affect all entities that have an investment that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The amendments should be applied prospectively upon their effective date to increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. Earlier application is permitted. No additional disclosures are required at transition. We WW do not expect this ASU to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. TT (Topic esrr VV ff ff ff ff issued ASU 2016-02—Leases On February 25, 2016, the FASBFF (Topic TT 842). The amendments in this ASU create Topic 842, 842 specifies the accounting for leases. The objective TT 840, Leases. Topic Leases, and supersede the leases requirements in Topic 842 is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors should apply to report useful information to users of financial of Topic TT statements about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual periods after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We WW are on our consolidated financial statements. However, it is expected ff currently evaluating methods of adoption as well as the effect to increase total assets and total liabilities for current operating leases that are currently recorded off ff balance sheet. — TT TT ff TT — fromrr and Production-T On May 28, 2014, the FASBFF issued ASU 2014-09—Revenue Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 supersedes ypeTT existing revenue recognition guidance, including ASC 605-35, Revenue Recognition - Construction-Type Contracts. ASU 2014-09 outlines a single set of comprehensive principles for recognizing revenue under GAAP. PP Among other things, it requires companies to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time. These concepts, as well as other aspects of ASU 2014-09, may change the method and/or timing of revenue recognition for certain of our contracts. ASU 2014-09 may be applied either retrospectively or through the use of a Contracts with Customers (Topic modified-retrospective method. In August 2015, the FASBFF 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Public business entities should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Several related ASUs have been issued since the issuance of ASU 2014-09. These ASUs, which modify certain sections of ASU 2014-09, are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard. Also these ASUs provide technical corrections and updates intended to clarify ASU 2014-09, which we do not expect to have a significant impact on the application of ASU 2014-09. issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue fromrr TT rr ff The adoption of ASU 2014-09 will impact our policies, controls, business processes and information systems. ToTT prepare for the changes in this guidance, we developed a plan for adoption. Based on our plan, we commenced an assessment in 2016 on the impacts of this guidance on a representative sample of our existing contract population. The sample contracts selected covered more than 20% of our existing revenue base and included contracts from all of our various contract types. A majority of the contracts we tested were not impacted by the new guidance. For contracts that were impacted, we identified two primary differences. First, the determination of performance obligations under this ASU will lead to a different unit of accounting then we are currently applying. Second, for contracts where we are recognizing revenue ratably over the contract term, we will reassess whether the contract, or performance obligation, meets the definition of a "stand ready to perform" obligation. Those contracts that do not ff ff 46 meet the "stand ready to perform" definition will be transitioned to a percentage of completion model primarily based on cost incurred. The impact of these changes will produce a more consistent gross margin period-to-period as the obligations are satisfied. We WW are currently developing a detailed implementation plan for 2017, which includes, among other things, an update to our policies, development of disclosures, updates to our controls and application of the guidance across our contract population. We WW are still assessing the quantitative impact to our consolidated financial statements as well as a transition method. Other ASUs effective ff after December 31, 2016 are not expected to have a material effect ff on our consolidated financial statements. 3. Acquisitions Edaptive Systems LLC (Edaptive)—On December 15, 2016, we completed the acquisition of Edaptive. The results of Edaptive's operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a membership interest purchase agreement dated December 15, 2016, by and among Edaptive, Everest Holdco, Inc., and Advanced Systems International, Inc. Edaptive provides innovative IT solutions certain members of Edaptive and ManTechTT primarily to federal health agencies, with a significant focus on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). The acquisition strategically expands our reach within the federal health community. We WW funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The membership interest purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred approximately $0.3 million of acquisition costs related to the Edaptive transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The preliminary purchase price of $13.2 million was preliminarily allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The purchase price allocation for Edaptive is not complete as of December 31, 2016. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for Edaptive's capabilities to support Department of Health and Human Services customers and, specifically, yy in agile software development, testing and automation and business intelligence. In preliminarily allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of Edaptive's contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with Edaptive's existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 10 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 8 years. The following table represents the preliminary purchase price allocation for Edaptive, as we are still in the process of reviewing the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and determining the closing working capital adjustment (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 282 10,813 144 6,193 1,689 502 116 (4,267) (2,316) 13,156 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to Edaptive as our integration of these operations post-acquisition and the entity's accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. Oceans Edge, Inc, Cyber Division (OEC)—On June 10, 2016, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of OEC which constituted a business. The results of OEC's operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that 47 date. The acquisition was completed through an asset purchase agreement dated June 10, 2016, by and among Oceans Edge, Inc., Oceans Edge Cyber, LLC, certain owners of Ocean's Edge, Inc. and ManTechTT Advanced Systems International, Inc. OEC provides technical and professional services under government contracts in the defense and intelligence industries, including turnkey system solutions in cyber offense and defense, mission operations support and operations assessment and analysis. The OEC team of computer network operations (CNO) professionals will enhance our advanced CNO tools and research and development offerings with new business across the DoD landscape, including United States Cyber Command. The acquisition strategically strengthens our capabilities to support our federal agency customers and, specifically, yy to engineer and develop new,ww advanced solutions for wireless devices, networks, and infrastructures. We WW funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The asset purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. ff ff For the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred approximately $1.2 million of acquisition costs related to the OEC transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $47.7 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for OEC's capabilities in adding additional vulnerability research, development and analysis capabilities to our existing cyber intelligence business. In allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of OEC's contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were technology,yy customer relationships and backlog valued at $3.0 million, $14.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Technology represents a suite of mobile analysis and exploitation offerings, which is used by customers in support of their missions. Technology is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 5 years. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with OEC's existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 20 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 16 years. TT TT ff The following table represents the purchase price allocation for OEC (in thousands): Receivables Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 138 30,090 18,000 69 (29) (586) 47,682 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to OEC as our integration of these operations post-acquisition and the entity's accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. Knowledge Consulting Group, Inc. (KCG)—On June 15, 2015, we completed the acquisition of KCG. The results of KCG's operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through Advanced Systems International, Inc., Knight an agreement and plan of merger dated June 15, 2015, by and among ManTech Acquisitions Corporation and KCG. KCG provides comprehensive cyber security services including cloud security, yy certification and accreditation and various cyber defense solutions across federal and commercial markets. The acquisition strategically positions us to pursue additional cyber work in the Department of Homeland Security, yy FBI and the intelligence community by leveraging our enhanced cloud security expertise. We WW funded the acquisition through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. TT For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred approximately $0.3 million of acquisition costs related to the KCG transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $68.2 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for KCG's capabilities in providing comprehensive cyber security services throughout the DoD and intelligence community. 48 In allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of KCG's contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $12.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with KCG's existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 15 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 14 years. The following table represents the purchase price allocation for KCG (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Investments Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 658 6,532 460 47,487 13,219 1,419 15 31 (1,269) (336) (2) 68,214 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to KCG as our integration of these operations post-acquisition and the entity's accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. WW WW Welkin Associates, Ltd. (Welkin) —On April 27, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Welkin, WW formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). The results of Welkin's operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated April 27, 2015, by and among ManTechTT delivers mission-centric services in high-end systems engineering and advanced national security technology and business services. The acquisition strategically positions us to pursue large engineering and support opportunities throughout the intelligence community and DoD. WeWW funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. International Corporation, CSC and Welkin. WW Welkin WW WW For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred approximately $0.7 million of acquisition costs related to the WelkinWW transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $34.0 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for Welkin's capabilities in providing high-end systems engineering and support services throughout the intelligence community and DoD. WW WW In allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of Welkin's contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $6.0 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related existing customers. Customer relationships are relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with Welkin's amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 15 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 14 years. WW 49 The following table represents the purchase price allocation for Welkin WW (in thousands): Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 3,901 141 24,436 6,350 100 (436) (492) 34,000 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to WelkinWW operations post-acquisition and the entity's accounting methods pre-acquisition make it impracticable. as our integration of these 7Delta Inc. (7Delta)—On May 23, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all equity interests in 7Delta. The results of 7Delta's operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was completed through a stock purchase agreement dated May 23, 2014, by and among ManTech International Corporation, 7Delta, SLS Holdings, Inc. and the stockholders of SLS Holdings, Inc. 7Delta performs critical services such as applications and software development, program management, systems integration, information assurance and security architecture primarily within the healthcare community at the Department of Veteran We WW funded the acquisition through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. Affairs. VV TT ff For the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred approximately $0.5 million of acquisition costs related to the 7Delta transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $81.4 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for 7Delta's capabilities in providing software development, program management, system integration, information assurance and security architecture to the Department of Veteran Affairs. VV ff In allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates of future performance of 7Delta's contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer relationships and backlog valued at $4.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with 7Delta's existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 10 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 2 years. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 7 years. The following table represents the purchase price allocation for 7Delta (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 1,408 9,664 175 69,967 7,762 597 39 (6,617) (1,399) (229) 81,367 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to 7Delta as our integration of these operations post acquisition and the entity's accounting methods preacquisition make it impracticable. 50 TT and the stockholders of ATG. Allied Technology AA Group, Inc. (ATG)—On February 18, 2014, we completed the acquisition of all equity interests in ATG. operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. The acquisition was The results of ATG's Advanced Systems International, completed through a stock purchase agreement dated February 18, 2014, by and among ManTechTT is an innovative engineering and information management solution company with Inc., ATGAA strong customer relationships and strategic contracts with the Department of Homeland Security. ATG AA provides IT, engineering services, program management and training solutions to a variety of federal customers. The acquisition enabled us to deliver services through their unrestricted prime position on the Department of Homeland Security's primary acquisition vehicles: Technical, Acquisition and Business Support Services and Enterprise Acquisition Gateway for Leading Edge Solutions II. We WW TT funded the acquisition with cash on hand. The stock purchase agreement did not contain provisions for contingent consideration. ATG AA AA AA For the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred approximately $0.4 million of acquisition costs related to the ATG AA transaction, which are included in the general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. The purchase price of $45.0 million was allocated to the underlying assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition. The goodwill recorded related to this transaction will be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. capabilities in providing technology service program Recognition of goodwill is largely attributed to the value paid for ATG's management, systems engineering and IT services to the Department of Homeland Security. AA AA In allocating the purchase price, we considered, among other factors, analysis of historical financial performance and estimates contracts. The components of other intangible assets associated with the acquisition were customer of future performance of ATG's relationships and backlog valued at $6.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Customer contracts and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with ATG's existing customers. Customer relationships are amortized using the pattern of benefits method over their estimated useful lives of approximately 20 years. Backlog is amortized straight-line over its estimated useful life of 1 year. The weighted-average amortization period for the intangible assets is 18 years. AA The following table represents the purchase price allocation for ATG AA (in thousands): Cash and cash equivalents Receivables Prepaid expenses and other Contractual inventory Goodwill Other intangible assets Property and equipment Other assets Accounts payable and accrued expenses Accrued salaries and related expenses Billings in excess of revenue earned Net assets acquired and liabilities assumed $ $ 712 11,670 1,432 1 28,806 7,071 899 111 (3,399) (2,155) (148) 45,000 WeWW have not disclosed current period, nor pro forma, revenues and earnings attributable to ATG AA operations post acquisition and the entity's accounting methods preacquisition make it impracticable. as our integration of these 4. Earnings per Share Under ASC 260, Earnings per Sharerr , the two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under that method, basic and diluted earnings per share data are presented for each class of common stock. In applying the two-class method, we determined that undistributed earnings should be allocated equally on a per share basis between Class A and Class B common stock. Under our Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of the common stock are entitled to participate ratably,yy on a share-for-share basis as if all shares of common stock were of a single class, in such dividends, as may be declared by the Board of Directors. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we declared and paid quarterly dividends, each in the amount of $0.21 per share on both classes of common stock. Basic earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average 51 number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period are weighted for the portion of the period in which the shares were outstanding. Diluted earnings per share have been to all potentially dilutive common shares computed in a manner consistent with that of basic earnings per share while giving effect that were outstanding during each period. ff The net income available to common stockholders and weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share for each class of common stock are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Distributed earnings Undistributed earnings Net income Class A common stock: Basic net income available to common stockholders Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted net income available to common stockholders Effect of potential exercise of stock options Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Class B common stock: Basic net income available to common stockholders Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted net income available to common stockholders Effect of potential exercise of stock options Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Year Ended December 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 31,543 19,584 51,127 33,145 24,317 1.36 33,197 109 24,426 1.36 17,982 13,193 1.36 17,930 — 13,193 1.36 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2016 32,138 24,253 56,391 36,885 24,944 1.48 36,988 202 25,146 1.47 19,506 13,192 1.48 19,403 — 13,192 1.47 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 2014 31,313 15,981 47,294 30,539 24,047 1.27 30,571 70 24,117 1.27 16,755 13,193 1.27 16,723 — 13,193 1.27 For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, options to purchase 369,300, 1,780,222 and 2,686,196 shares, would respectively, yy were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options' effect have been anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were 1,045,789 shares, 284,320 shares, and 158,371 shares, respectively, yy issued from the exercise of stock options. ff 52 5. Receivables We WW deliver a broad array of IT and technical services solutions under contracts with the U.S. government, state and local governments and commercial customers. The components of contract receivables are as follows (in thousands): Billed receivables Unbilled receivables: Amounts billable Revenues recorded in excess of funding Retainage Allowance for doubtful accounts Receivables-net December 31, 2016 2015 $ 247,114 $ 233,735 52,640 20,078 8,353 (7,508) 320,677 $ 47,900 19,213 11,878 (8,473) 304,253 $ Amounts billable consist principally of amounts to be billed within the next month. Revenues recorded in excess of funding are billable upon receipt of contractual amendments or other modifications. The retainage is billable upon completion of the contract performance and approval of final indirect expense rates by the government. Accounts receivable at December 31, 2016 are expected to be substantially collected within one year except for approximately $0.9 million, of which 93.3% is related to receivables from sales to the U.S. government. The remainder is related to receivables from contracts in which we acted as a subcontractor to other contractors. We WW do not believe that we have significant exposure to credit risk as accounts receivable and the related unbilled amounts are primarily due from the U.S. government. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents our estimate for exposure to compliance, contractual issues and bad debts related to prime contractors. 6. Property and Equipment Major classes of property and equipment are summarized as follows (in thousands): Furniture and equipment Leasehold improvements Property and equipment-gross Accumulated depreciation and amortization Property and equipment-net December 31, 2016 2015 $ $ 51,806 $ 36,439 88,245 (65,124) 23,121 $ 44,718 35,733 80,451 (58,012) 22,439 Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $7.8 million, $8.5 million and $9.0 million, respectively. 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Under ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, goodwill is to be reviewed at least annually for impairment and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be fully recoverable. We WW have elected to perform this review as of October 31st of each calendar year. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we elect to perform a qualitative assessment and determine that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. We WW also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two- step quantitative impairment test. 53 The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount (including goodwill). If the reporting unit's fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further procedures are required. However, if the reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying value, an impairment of goodwill may exist, requiring a second step to be performed. Step two of this test measures the amount of the impairment loss, if any. Step two of this test requires the allocation of the reporting unit's fair value to its assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than is recorded as a goodwill impairment charge in operations. the carrying value, the difference ff The fair values of the reporting units are determined based on a weighting of the income approach, market approach and market transaction approach. The income approach is a valuation technique in which fair value is based from forecasted future cash flow discounted at the appropriate rate of return commensurate with the risk as well as current rates of return for equity and debt capital as of the valuation date. The forecast used in our estimation of fair value was developed by management based on a contract basis, incorporating adjustments to reflect known contract and market considerations (such as reductions and uncertainty in government spending, pricing pressure and opportunities). The discount rate utilizes a risk adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The market approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in an actual arm's length transaction. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of publicly traded companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to us. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to us after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. The market transaction approach is a valuation technique in which the fair value is calculated based on market prices realized in actual arm's length transactions. The technique consists of undertaking a detailed market analysis of merged and acquired companies that provides a reasonable basis for comparison to us. Valuation ratios, which relate market prices to selected financial statistics derived from comparable companies, are selected and applied to us after consideration of adjustments for financial position, growth, market, profitability and other factors. ToTT assess the reasonableness of the calculated reporting unit fair values, we compare the sum of the reporting units' fair values to our market capitalization (per share stock price times the number of shares outstanding) and calculate an implied control premium (the excess of the sum of the reporting units' fair values over the market capitalization) and then assess the reasonableness of our implied control premium. VV VV The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill during fiscal years 2016 and 2015 were as follows (in thousands): Goodwill at December 31, 2014 Acquisitions Divestiture Goodwill at December 31, 2015 Acquisitions Goodwill at December 31, 2016 Goodwill Balance $ 851,640 71,922 (3,971) 919,591 36,283 955,874 $ Other intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands): Other intangible assets: Contract and program intangible assets Capitalized software cost for internal use Other Total other intangible assets-net December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount $ 301,082 $ 158,671 $ 142,411 $ 281,682 $ 140,163 $ 141,519 39,332 58 26,815 55 12,517 3 36,170 58 23,522 49 12,648 9 $ 340,472 $ 185,541 $ 154,931 $ 317,910 $ 163,734 $ 154,176 54 Amortization expense relating to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $21.8 million, $21.2 million and $20.4 million, respectively. We WW estimate that we will have the following amortization expense for the future periods indicated below (in thousands): Year ending: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021 8. Debt $ $ $ $ $ 22,105 20,147 17,596 14,973 11,606 Revolving Credit Facility-We WW maintain a credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders led by Bank of America, N.A., as sole administrative agent. The credit agreement provides for a $500 million revolving credit facility,yy with a $50 million letter of credit sublimit and a $30 million swing line loan sublimit. The credit agreement also includes an accordion feature that permits us to arrange with the lenders for the provision of additional commitments. The maturity date is June 13, 2019. On May 17, 2016, we amended the credit agreement, which among other things increased the letter of credit sublimit to $50 million. We WW deferred $1.8 million in debt issuance costs, cumulatively over the agreement, which are amortized over the term of the credit agreement. Borrowings under our credit agreement are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and our Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the credit agreement) and bear interest at one of the following variable rates as selected by us at the time of borrowing: a LIBOR based rate plus market spreads (1.25% to 2.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio) or Bank of America's base rate plus market spreads (0.25% to 1.25% based on our consolidated total leverage ratio). The aggregate annual weighted average interest rates were 3.75% and 1.88% for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The terms of the credit agreement permit prepayment and termination of the loan commitments at any time, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement requires us to comply with specified financial covenants, including the maintenance of certain leverage ratios and a certain consolidated coverage ratio. The credit agreement also contains various covenants, including affirmative covenants with respect to certain reporting requirements and maintaining certain business activities, and negative ff covenants that, among other things, may limit or impose restrictions on our ability to incur liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, make acquisitions and undertake certain other actions. As of, and during the fiscal years ending, December 31, 2016 and 2015, we were in compliance with our financial covenants under the credit agreement. There was no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility at both December 31, 2016 and 2015. The weighted average borrowings under the revolving portion of the facility during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $0 and $11.1 million, respectively. The maximum available borrowing under the revolving credit facility at December 31, 2016 was $476.9 million. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we were contingently liable under letters of credit totaling $23.1 million and $19.2 million, respectively, yy which reduces our availability to borrow under our revolving credit facility. 7.25% Senior Unsecured Notes-On April 15, 2014, we paid the redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest on our 7.25% senior unsecured notes issued on April 13, 2010 for $200.0 million, which were registered under the Securities Act of 1933. The 7.25% senior unsecured notes were redeemed at a redemption price of 103.625% of the principal amount of the outstanding 7.25% senior unsecured notes, or $207.3 million. As a result of the redemption of our 7.25% senior unsecured notes, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt for $10.1 million as part of non-operating income on our consolidated statement of income during the year ended December 31, 2014. 9. Commitments and Contingencies Contracts with the U.S. government including subcontracts, are subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements and, from time-to-time, agencies of the U.S. government, in the ordinary course of business, investigate whether our operations are conducted in accordance with these requirements and the terms of the relevant contracts. U.S. government investigations of us, whether related to our U.S. government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, or could lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracting activities. Management believes it has adequately reserved for any losses that may be experienced 55 from any investigation of which it is aware. The Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) has substantially completed our incurred cost audits through 2012, with no material adjustments. The remaining audits for 2013 through 2016 are not expected to have a on our financial position, results of operations or cash flow and management believes it has adequately reserved material effect for any losses. ff In the normal course of business, we are involved in certain governmental and legal proceedings, claims and disputes and have litigation pending under several suits. We WW believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, except for the matter noted below. ff finding us liable to them for retaliation under both the FCA and the DCWPA,PP We WW are a defendant in a lawsuit filed by two former employees alleging retaliation under both the False Claims Act (FCA) In November 2016, we went to trial and the jury returned PP and the Defense Contractor Whistleblower Protection Act (DCWPA). and awarded a verdict in favor of both plaintiffs, ff $0.8 million in compensatory damages. As a result, these plaintiffs are also entitled to awards of (i) back pay,yy (ii) front pay and ff (iii) attorney’s fees and costs. We WW have challenged the jury’s verdict at the trial court level - both in terms of liability and in terms of the amount of the compensatory damages awarded. Specifically,yy we have asked the trial court to take the following actions: and (ii) vacate (i) grant us judgment as a matter of law and dismiss the retaliation claims under both the FCA and the DCWPA, PP the jury’s awards of compensatory damages. The trial court has not issued a ruling on our motion. As of December 31, 2016, we have recorded a $4.2 million liability, yy based on the jury's award of compensatory damages, the stipulation for back pay damages calculation and an estimate of front pay damages and the plaintiffs' legal expenses. Because our estimated liability and a portion ff of our legal defense costs are covered under an insurance policy,yy we have recorded a corresponding receivable of $5.0 million. Legal defense costs that exceeded our coverage limits were expensed as incurred. Depending on the trial court's ruling and the outcome of any appeal, we estimate our liability range from a reduction to $0, or an increase to $11.1 million. Any increase in our liability would be reflected as a loss in our income statement in 2017. We WW have $23.1 million outstanding on our letter of credit, of which $19.0 million is related to an outstanding performance TT MENA, LLC and Jadwalean International Operations and Management bond in connection with a contract between ManTech Company to fulfill technical support requirements for the Royal Saudi Air Force. ff space and equipment under long-term operating leases. A number of the leases contain renewal options and We WW lease office escalation clauses. Office space and equipment rent expense totaled approximately $37.4 million, $37.2 million and $42.9 million ff for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We WW had $11.1 million of deferred rent liabilities resulting from recording rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease for both the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. At December 31, 2016, aggregate future minimum rental commitments under these leases are as follows (in thousands): Year ending: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2019 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2021 Thereafter Total $ Total 29,479 24,327 22,649 16,125 14,260 30,051 $ 136,891 10. Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Common Stock-WeWW have 150,000,000 shares of authorized Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share. We WW have 50,000,000 shares of authorized Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share. On December 31, 2016, there were 25,551,860 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, 244,113 shares of Class A common stock recorded as treasury stock and 13,190,745 shares of Class B common stock outstanding. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes for each share held of record, except with respect to any “going private transaction” (generally,yy a transaction his direct and indirect permitted in which George J. Pedersen (our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer), transferees or a group, generally including Mr. Pedersen, such affiliates and permitted transferees, seek to buy all outstanding shares), as to which each share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to one vote per share. The Class A his affiliates, ff ff ff 56 common stock and the Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, except as required by law. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Stockholders are entitled to receive, when and if declared by the Board of Directors from time-to-time, such dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property from our assets or funds legally and contractually available for such purposes subject to any dividend preferences that may be attributable to preferred stock that may be authorized. Each share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock is equal in respect of dividends and other distributions in cash, stock or property,yy except that in the case of stock dividends, only shares of Class A common stock will be distributed with respect to the Class A common stock and only shares of Class B common stock will be distributed with respect to Class B common stock. In no event will either Class A common stock or Class B common stock be split, divided or combined unless the other class is proportionately split, divided or combined. The shares of Class A common stock are not convertible into any other series or class of securities. Each share of Class B common stock, however, is freely convertible into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the Class B stockholder. Upon the death or permanent mental incapacity of Mr. Pedersen, all outstanding shares of Class B common stock automatically convert to Class A common stock. Preferred Stock-We WW are authorized to issue an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, the terms and conditions of which are determined by our Board of Directors upon issuance. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by,yy the rights of holders of any shares of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, no shares of preferred stock were outstanding and the Board of Directors currently has no plans to issue a series of preferred stock. ff Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation: Our 2016 Management Incentive Plan (the Plan) was designed to attract, retain and motivate key employees. The types of awards available under the Plan include stock options, restricted stock and RSUs. Equity awards granted under the Plan are settled in shares of Class A common stock. At the beginning of each year, the Plan provides that the number of shares available for issuance automatically increases by an amount equal to 1.5% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous year. On January 2, 2017, there were 581,139 additional shares made available for issuance under the Plan. Through December 31, 2016, the Board of Directors has authorized the issuance of up to 13,382,296 shares under this Plan. Through December 31, 2016, the remaining aggregate number of shares of our common stock available for future grants under the Plan was 5,896,244. The Plan expires in March 2026. The Plan is administered by the compensation committee of our Board of Directors, along with its delegates. Subject to the express provisions of the Plan, the committee has the Board of Directors' authority to administer and interpret the Plan, including the discretion to determine the exercise price, vesting schedule, contractual life and the number of shares to be issued. Stock Compensation Expense-For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we recorded $3.3 million, $4.4 million and $4.4 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively. No compensation expense of employees with stock awards, including stock-based compensation expense, was capitalized during the periods. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the total recognized tax deficiency from the exercise of stock options, vested cancellations and the vesting of restricted stock was $0.1 million, $3.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Stock Options-Under the Plan, we have issued stock options. A stock option granted gives the holder the right, but not the obligation to purchase a certain number of shares at a predetermined price for a specific period of time. We WW typically issue options that vest over three years in equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. Under the terms of the Plan, the contractual life of the option grants may not exceed eight years. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we issued options that expire five years from the date of grant. VV Fair Value Determination-WeWW have used the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to determine fair value of our awards on the date of grant. We WW will reconsider the use of the Black-Scholes-Merton model if additional information becomes available in the future that indicates another model would be more appropriate or if grants issued in future periods have characteristics that cannot be reasonably estimated under this model. 57 The following weighted-average assumptions were used for option grants during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: • Volatility VV through weekly observations of our trading history. -The expected volatility of the options granted was estimated based upon historical volatility of our share price • Expected life of options-The expected life of options granted to employees was determined from historical exercises of the grantee population. The options had graded vesting over three years in equal installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of the grant and a contractual term of five years. • Risk-free rr rr interest rate-The yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury strips was used to extrapolate a forward-yield curve. This “term structure” of future interest rates was then input into a numeric model to provide the equivalent risk-free rate to be used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model based on the expected term of the underlying grants. TT • Dividend yield-The dd Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model requires an expected dividend yield as an input. We WW have calculated our expected dividend yield based on an expected annual cash dividend of $0.84 per share. The following table summarizes weighted-average assumptions used in our calculations of fair value for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: Volatility Expected life of options Risk-free interest rate Dividend yield Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 23.70% 26.16% 28.96% 3 years 3 years 3 years 1.10% 2.88% 1.15% 3.00% 0.96% 3.00% Stock Option Activity-The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, as determined under the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model, was $4.60, $4.59 and $4.76, respectively. Option grants that vested during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 had a combined fair value of $2.6 million, $3.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014: Stock options at December 31, 2013 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2014 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2015 Granted Exercised Cancelled and expired Stock options at December 31, 2016 Number of Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) 3,400,120 $ 946,576 $ (158,371) $ (797,293) $ $ 3,391,032 $ 237,853 (284,320) $ (849,255) $ $ 2,495,310 199,938 $ (1,045,789) $ (489,040) $ $ 1,160,419 35.51 29.12 24.78 41.75 32.76 30.87 27.51 39.56 30.86 34.22 29.24 37.91 29.93 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 4,488 754 4,722 1,348 3,583 8,858 14,299 58 The following table summarizes non-vested stock options for the year ended December 31, 2016: Non-vested stock options at December 31, 2015 Granted Vested Cancelled Non-vested stock options at December 31, 2016 Number of Shares Weighted Average Fair Value 991,290 $ 199,938 $ (551,177) $ (77,124) $ $ 562,927 4.74 4.60 4.78 4.66 4.66 The following table includes information concerning stock options exercisable and stock options expected to vest at December 31, 2016: Weighted WW Average AA Exercise Price Weighted WW Average AA Remaining Contractual Life Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Number of Shares Stock options vested and expected to vest Stock options exercisable 1,084,505 597,492 $ $ 29.76 28.68 3 years $ 2 years $ 13,548 8,109 Unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options expected to vest was $1.5 million as of December 31, 2016, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2 years and will be adjusted for any future changes in estimated forfeitures. Restricted Stock-Under the Plan, we have issued restricted stock. A restricted stock award is an issuance of shares that cannot be sold or transferred by the recipient until the vesting period lapses. Restricted stock issued to members of our Board of Directors vest in one year. The related compensation expense is recognized over the service period and is based on the grant date fair value of the stock and the number of shares expected to vest. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. Restricted Stock Activity-The following table summarizes the restricted stock activity during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2014 Granted Vested Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2015 Granted Vested Non-vested restricted stock at December 31, 2016 Number of Shares Weighted WW AA Average Fair ValueVV 21,000 $ 21,000 $ (21,000) $ $ 21,000 18,000 $ (21,000) $ $ 18,000 30.61 28.98 30.61 28.98 33.84 28.98 33.84 RSUs-Under the Plan, we issued RSUs. RSUs are not actual shares, but rather a right to receive shares in the future. The shares are not issued and the employee cannot sell or transfer shares prior to vesting and has no voting rights until the RSUs vest. Employees who are granted RSUs do not receive dividend payments during the vesting period. The employees' RSUs will result in the delivery of shares if (a) performance criteria is met and (b) the employee remains employed, in good standing, through the date of the performance period. The performance period is 2 years. In addition, the Company granted 26,788 time-based RSUs which do not contain performance criteria (half will vest 4 years after the date of grant and the other half will vest 5 ff to an officer years after the date of grant). The grant date fair value of the RSUs is equal to the closing market price of our common stock on 59 the grant date less the present value of dividends expected to be awarded during the service period. We WW recognize the grant date fair value of RSUs of shares we expect to issue as compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period. RSU Activity-The following table summarizes the RSU activity during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015: RSUs at December 31, 2014 Granted Forfeited RSUs at December 31, 2015 Granted Forfeited RSUs at December 31, 2016 11. Retirement Plans Number of Units WW Weighted AA Average Fair ValueVV — $ 105,900 $ (12,450) $ $ 93,450 132,988 $ (20,100) $ $ 206,338 — 30.85 30.92 30.84 29.50 29.56 30.10 As of December 31, 2016, we maintained a qualified defined contribution plan. Our qualified defined contribution plan covers substantially all employees and complies with Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this plan, we stipulated a basic matching contribution that matches a portion of the participants' contribution based upon a defined schedule. Additionally, yy this plan contains a discretionary contribution component where we may contribute additional amounts based on a percentage of eligible employees' compensation. Contributions are invested by an independent investment company. The choice of investment alternatives is at the election of each participating employee. Our contributions to the plan were approximately $19.8 million, $18.5 million and $18.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, we also maintained an ESSP,PP a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, for certain key employees. Under this plan, eligible employees may defer up to 75% of qualified annual base compensation and 100% of bonus. In the ESSP,PP participant deferral accounts are credited with a rate of return based on investment elections as selected by the participant. The assets related to the ESSP are held in a rabbi trust owned by us for benefit of the participating employees. The trust investments are in the form of variable universal life insurance products, which are owned by us. These investments seek to replicate the return of the participant investment elections. Employee contributions to this plan were approximately $2.6 million, $2.8 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We WW maintained a nonqualified supplemental defined benefit pension plan for certain retired employees of an acquired company as of December 31, 2016. These plans were informally and partially funded beginning in 1999 through a rabbi trust. Assets held in a rabbi trust are not eligible to be included in the calculation of plan status. At both December 31, 2016 and 2015, 100% of the rabbi trust assets were invested in a money market account with a commercial bank. All covered employees retired prior to 1998. Our benefit obligation was $1.1 million at both December 31, 2016 and 2015. 12. Income Taxes TT The domestic and foreign components of income operations before income taxes and equity method investments were as follows (in thousands): Domestic Foreign Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 89,988 $ 82 $ 85,665 (311) 79,238 (137) 90,070 $ 85,354 $ 79,101 $ $ 60 The provision for income taxes was comprised of the following components (in thousands): Current provision: Federal State Foreign Deferred provision: Federal State Non-current benefit resulting from allocating tax benefits directly to additional paid in capital and changes in liabilities: Federal State Provision for income taxes Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 $ 13,454 $ 2,714 $ 2,394 (45) 15,803 17,170 2,831 20,001 1,247 77 4,038 27,817 5,825 33,642 (1,573) (445) (2,018) 33,786 $ (2,568) (746) (3,314) 34,366 $ $ 10,375 2,499 160 13,034 17,739 4,477 22,216 (2,755) (970) (3,725) 31,525 For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the non-current benefit for income taxes includes $1.8 million, $3.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively, yy arising from the cancellation of vested stock options allocated to equity and valuation between grant date and vesting dates on restricted stock allocated to equity and $0.2 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 differences million, respectively, yy related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions. ff The schedule of effective ff income tax rate reconciliation is as follows: Statutory U.S. Federal tax rate Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from: State taxes—net of Federal benefit Excess executive compensation ESSP Section 199 deductions Other, net Effective tax rate Year Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2016 35.0 % 35.0 % 35.0 % 3.4 % 0.7 % (0.7)% (0.4)% (0.5)% 37.5 % 4.8 % 0.5 % 0.2 % (0.4)% 0.1 % 40.2 % 5.0 % 1.3 % (0.7)% (0.6)% — % 40.0 % We WW paid income taxes, net of refunds, of $18.1 million, $6.4 million and $14.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 61 Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences amounts in the financial statements. A summary of the tax effect ff follows (in thousands): ff between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported of the significant components of deferred income taxes is as Gross deferred tax liabilities: Goodwill and other assets Unbilled receivables Property and equipment Total Gross deferred tax assets: Retirement and other liabilities Allowance for potential contract losses and other contract reserves Federal and state operating loss carryforwards Less: Valuation allowance Total Net deferred tax liabilities December 31, 2016 2015 $ 131,367 $ 111,156 18,608 2,657 19,154 4,554 152,632 134,864 (27,258) (3,005) (560) 272 (30,551) $ 122,081 (29,000) (3,429) (400) — (32,829) $ 102,035 The tax benefits associated with nonqualified stock options and disqualifying dispositions of incentive stock options reduced the current taxes payable by $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. These benefits were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. At December 31, 2016, we had state and foreign net operating losses of approximately $6.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The state net operating losses expire beginning 2018 through 2034. WeWW recorded a valuation allowance against the foreign net operating losses as we do not believe the loss will be fully utilized in the future. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year Lapse in statute of limitations Increases in tax positions for current year Increases in tax positions for prior years Decreases in tax positions for prior years Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year 2016 December 31, 2015 2014 $ $ $ 519 (285) 59 — — $ 785 (266) — — — 293 $ 519 $ 1,207 (575) 86 80 (13) 785 The total liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 includes $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively,yy of unrecognized net tax benefits which, if ultimately recognized, would reduce our annual ff effective tax rate in a future period. We WW are subject to income taxes in the U.S., various state and foreign jurisdictions. TaxTT statutes and regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and require significant judgment to apply. We WW are no longer subject to U.S. federal or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2013. We WW are no longer subject to U.S. state tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012. WeWW believe it is reasonably possible that $0.1 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits will be settled within the next year due to expirations of statute of limitations. 62 13. Business Segment and Geographic Area Information We WW have one reportable segment. WeWW deliver a broad array of IT and technical services solutions under contracts with the U.S. government. Our U.S. government customers typically exercise independent contracting authority,yy and even offices or divisions within an agency or department may directly,yy or through a prime contractor, use our services as a separate customer so long as that customer has independent decision-making and contracting authority within its organization. Revenues from the U.S. government under prime contracts and subcontracts were approximately 97.5%, 98.9% and 98.9% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. WeWW treat sales to U.S. government customers as sales within the U.S. regardless of where the services are performed. U.S. revenues were approximately 98.4%, 99.9% and 99.7% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. International revenues were approximately 1.6%, 0.1% and 0.3% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Furthermore, substantially all assets from continuing operations were held in the U.S. for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. ff r 14. Divestiture of ManTech Cyber TT TT Solutions International (MCSI) and Investment in CounterT TT ack Inc. (CounterT ack) TT On July 13, 2015, we divested MCSI, which was engaged in the business of providing commercial cyber products. We WW received consideration of preferred stock in CounterTack that has a fair value of $6.7 million. The fair value is based on the quoted price for the identical item held by another party (Level 2). WeWW recorded a gain on the sale of $1.7 million, which is included in the other income (expense), net line item on the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2015. We WW divested assets of $5.5 million and liabilities of $1.7 million. WeWW recorded transaction costs associated with the divestiture of $1.2 million. The divestiture did not qualify to be presented as discontinued operations as it did not represent a strategic shift that on our operations and financial results. On July 13, 2015, we purchased additional preferred stock in would have a major effect CounterTack preferred stock under the cost method of accounting TT for investments. for $3.8 million. We WW account for our investment in CounterTack TT ff 63 15. Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) The quarterly financial data reflects, in our opinion, all normal and recurring adjustments to present fairly the results of operations for such periods. Results of any one or more quarters are not necessarily indicative of annual results or continuing trends. The following tables set forth selected unaudited quarterly financial data: Revenues Operating income Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments Net income Class A common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Class B common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Revenues Operating income Income from operations before income taxes and equity method investments Net income Class A common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share Class B common stock: Basic weighted average common shares outstanding Basic earnings per share Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding Diluted earnings per share $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2016 (in thousands, except per share data) 390,662 21,945 21,708 13,216 $ $ $ $ 401,354 24,214 23,972 14,782 $ $ $ $ 415,402 23,500 23,365 14,664 $ $ $ $ 24,476 24,707 25,164 0.35 $ 0.39 $ 0.38 $ 24,567 24,916 25,429 0.35 $ 0.39 $ 0.38 $ 13,192 13,192 13,192 0.35 $ 0.39 $ 0.38 $ 13,192 13,192 13,192 0.35 $ 0.39 $ 0.38 $ 394,178 21,304 21,025 13,729 25,423 0.36 25,667 0.35 13,191 0.36 13,191 0.35 2015 March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, (in thousands, except per share data) 370,330 19,846 19,497 11,758 $ $ $ $ 384,378 21,112 20,879 12,450 $ $ $ $ 393,008 21,120 22,353 13,028 $ $ $ $ 402,401 22,808 22,625 13,891 24,206 24,325 24,341 0.31 $ 0.33 $ 0.35 $ 24,359 24,426 24,406 0.31 $ 0.33 $ 0.35 $ 13,193 13,193 13,193 0.31 $ 0.33 $ 0.35 $ 13,193 0.31 $ 13,193 0.33 $ 13,193 0.35 $ 24,393 0.37 24,513 0.37 13,193 0.37 13,193 0.37 64 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure We WW have had no disagreements with our auditors on accounting principles, practices or financial statement disclosure during and through the date of the financial statements included in this Report. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures esrr rr and Procedur Disclosure rr Controlsrr and Internal Control rr over Financial Reporting-Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, such as this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is accurately recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our , as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. principal executive officer and our principal financial officer ff ff Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by,yy or under the supervision of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: ff , and effected ff ff • • • pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management or our Board of Directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material adverse effect on our financial statements. ff ff Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controlsrr -Management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial , does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all ff officer errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no assessment of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any,yy within us have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally,yy controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management's override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. ff Scope of the Assessments-The assessment by our principal executive officer of our disclosure controls and procedures and the assessment by our management of our internal control over financial reporting included a review of procedures and documents and discussions with other employees in our organization in order to evaluate the adequacy of our internal control system design. In the course of the evaluation, we sought to identify exposure to unprevented or undetected data errors, control problems or acts of fraud and to confirm that appropriate corrective action, including process improvements, were ff being undertaken. The assessment also included testing of properly designed controls to verify their effective performance. Our management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in the Internal Control-Integrated of our internal control over financial reporting. Framework (2013) to assess the effectiveness and our principal financial officer TT rr ff ff ff ff We WW assess our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting on an ongoing basis so that the conclusions concerning controls effectiveness can be reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Reports on Form 10-K. We WW consider the results of these assessment activities as we monitor our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. Our intent is to ensure that disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will be maintained and updated as conditions warrant. Among other matters, we sought in our assessment to determine whether there were any “material weaknesses” in our internal control over financial reporting, or whether we had 65 identified any acts of fraud involving senior management, management or other personnel who have a significant role in our internal control over financial reporting. This information was important both for the assessment generally and because the disclose that information, ff Section 302 certifications require that our principal executive officer along with any “significant deficiencies,” to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, and to our independent auditors and to report on related matters in this section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K. and our principal financial officer ff Assessment of Effectiveness of Disclosurerr Controlsrr officer and our principal financial officer ff ff were effective ff at the reasonable assurance level described above. -Based upon the assessments, our principal executive have concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures rr and Procedur esrr Management's Report on Internal Control rr over Financial Reporting-Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate control over financial reporting. Management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway of rr our internal control over financial reporting. Based upon the assessments, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective. Our independent registered public accounting firm issued an attestation report concerning our internal control over financial reporting, which appears further in this Annual Report. Commission in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) to assess the effectiveness TT ff ff Changes in Internal Control rr over Financial Reporting-During the three months ended December 31, 2016, there were no or are reasonably likely to materially affect, ff changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, our internal control for financial reporting. ff Item 9B. Other Information None. 66 REPORTRR OF INDEPENDENT F REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM TT To the Board of Directors of ManTech International Corporation Fairfax, VirVV ginia TT International Corporation and subsidiaries (the We WW have audited the internal control over financial reporting of ManTechTT - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by "Company") as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control rr Commission. The Company's management is responsible for the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway maintaining effective of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness TT ff ff We WW conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in ff the circumstances. We WW believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. ff ff or persons performing similar functions, and effected A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by,yy or under the supervision of, the company's principal by the company's board of directors, executive and principal financial officers, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely on the financial detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect statements. ff ff Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. ff ff In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control rr TT of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. We WW have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 of the Company and our report dated February 22, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP McLean, VirVV ginia February 22, 2017 67 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers ff and Corporate Governance PARPP TRR III The information concerning our directors and executive officers ff required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Executive Officers,” respectively, yy in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in connection with our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2017 Proxy Statement”), and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ff The information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K concerning compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is included under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our 2017 Proxy Statement, and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ff ff Our Standardsrr , principal accounting officer of Ethics and Business Conduct, which sets forth the policies comprising our code of conduct, satisfies the SEC's requirements (including Item 406 of Regulation S-K) for a “code of ethics” applicable to our principal executive officer , , controller or persons performing similar functions, as well as Nasdaq's principal financial officer requirements for a code of conduct applicable to all directors, officers of ff Ethics and Business Conduct includes guidelines relating to the ethical handling of actual or potential conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, accurate financial reporting and procedures for promoting compliance with (and reporting violations of) of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on the investor relations section of our these standards. A copy of our Standardsrr website: www.mantech.com. We WW are required to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer , controller and persons performing similar functions. We WW intend to use our website as a method of disseminating this disclosure as permitted by applicable SEC rules. and employees. Among other principles, our Standardsrr , principal accounting officer , principal financial officer ff ff ff ff The information required by Item 407(d)(4) of Regulation S-K concerning the Audit Committee is included under the caption “Committees of the Board of Directors - Audit Committee” in our 2017 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information required by Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K concerning the designation of an audit committee financial expert is included under the caption “Committees of the Board of Directors - Audit Committee” in our 2017 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this Item is included under the captions “Non-Employee Director Compensation Table,” “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Committee Report” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and the related text and tables in our 2017 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. TT TT Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K is included under the caption “Beneficial Ownership of Our Stock” in our 2017 Proxy Statement, and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 68 Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans The following table provides information as of December 31, 2016 with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance. Equity Compensation Plan Information r Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) Weighted- WW average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) r Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity r compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) 1,160,419 — 1,160,419 $ $ 29.93 — 29.93 5,896,244 — 5,896,244 Plan Category Equity compensation plans approved by security holders Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders Total The plan contains a formula that automatically increases the number of securities available for issuance. The plan provides that the number of shares available for issuance under the plan automatically increases on the first trading day of January each calendar year during the term of the plan by an amount equal to 1.5% of the total number of shares outstanding (including all outstanding classes of common stock) on the last trading day in December of the immediately preceding calendar year, but provides that in no event should any such annual increase exceed 1,500,000 shares. On January 2, 2017, there were 581,139 shares added to the plan under this provision. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, TT and Director Independence The information required by this Item is included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance - Director Independence” in our 2017 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. TT Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services The information required by this Item is included under the caption “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors” in our 2017 Proxy Statement and that information is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 69 PARPP TRR IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule (a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: (1) All financial statements: DESCRIPTION Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements PAGE 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 (2) Financial statement schedule: SCHEDULE NO. DESCRIPTION Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 PAGE 73 (3) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K (each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this annual report pursuant to Item 15(b) of this annual report is identified in the Exhibit list below): Exhibit Description Second Amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 30, 2002 (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on November 23, 2002, as amended). Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2004, as amended). Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2002, as amended). Credit Agreement, dated June 13, 2014, by and among the registrant and a syndicate of lenders, including Bank of America, N.A., acting as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated herein by reference from the registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 19, 2014). Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated May 17, 2016, by and among the registrant and a syndicate of lenders, including Bank of America, N.A., acting as administrative agent for the lenders (incorporated herein by reference from the registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as filed with the SEC on July 29, 2016.) Retention Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2002, between George J. Pedersen and the registrant (incorporated ff herein by reference from registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-73946), as filed with the SEC on November 23, 2001, as amended). ManTech International Corporation 2016 Executive Compensation Plan, adopted on March 8, 2016 in which our executive officers participate (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016). Management Incentive Plan of ManTech International Corporation - 2016 Restatement (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as filed with the SEC on July 29, 2016). ff Form of Grant of Non-Qualified Stock Options granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from the registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1 10.2 10.3* 10.4* 10.5* 10.6* 70 Standard Terms and Conditions for Non-Qualified Stock Options granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Form of Grant of Restricted Stock granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Standard Terms and Conditions for Restricted Stock granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2012). Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement granted under the Management Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on March 17, 2015). Form of Executive Continuity and Stay Incentive Agreement, by and between each of our executive officers and the registrant, (incorporated herein by reference from registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, as filed with the SEC on February 19, 2016.) ff ff pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2016, granted under the Management Incentive AA Restricted Stock Unit Award Plan, between the Company and Kevin Phillips. Subsidiaries of the Registrant. Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent. Power of Attorney (included on signature page). Certification of Chief Executive Officer amended. Certification of Chief Financial Officer amended. Certification of Chief Executive Officer ff Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The following materials from ManTech International Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets Ended December 31, 2016, at December 31, 2016 and 2015; (ii) Consolidated Statement of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the YearsYY 2015 and 2014; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the YearsYY Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the YearsYY Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities and Chief Financial Officer YY ff ff 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12*‡ 21.1‡ 23.1‡ 24.1 31.1‡ 31.2‡ 32‡ 101 * Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an Exhibit to this report pursuant to Item 15(a)(3). ‡ Filed herewith Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.yy None. 71 Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. AA SIGNATURES MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION By: Name: Title: Date: /s/ GEORGE J. PEDERSEN George J. Pedersen Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) February 22, 2017 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of George J. Pedersen, Kevin M. Phillips or Michael Putnam as his/her attorney- in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him/her in any and all capacities, to sign any or all amendments to this Report and to file same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, granting unto such attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary in connection with such matters and hereby ratifying and confirming all that such attorney-in-fact and agent or his/her substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Name and Signature Title Date /s/ GEORGE J. PEDERSEN Chairman of the Board of Directors February 22, 2017 George J. Pedersen and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) ff ff Chief Financial Officer February 22, 2017 (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ JUDITH L. BJORNAAS Judith L. Bjornaas /s/ RICHARD L. ARMITAGE Richard L. Armitage TT Y /s/ MARYRR K. BUSH Mary K. Bush /s/ BARRYRR G. CAMPBELL Barry G. Campbell Y L LL /s// /ss / WALWW TER R. F Walter R. Fatzinger, Jr. AA AFF TZINGER, JR. Director Director Director Director /s/ RICHARD J. KERR Director Richard J. Kerr /s/ KENNETH / A. MINIHAN Kenneth A. Minihan Director 72 February 22, 2017 February 22, 2017 February 22, 2017 February 22, 2017 February 22, 2017 February 22, 2017 VV Valuation and Qualifying Accounts SCHEDULE II Activities in our allowance accounts for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were as follows (in thousands): Doubtful Accounts Charged to Costs and Expenses Balance at Beginning of Period Deductions Other* Balance at End of Period 2014 2015 2016 $ $ $ 10,036 9,830 8,473 — — — (165) (552) (215) (41) $ (805) $ (750) $ 9,830 8,473 7,508 * Other represents doubtful account reserves released or recorded as part of net revenues for estimated customer disallowances. Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Balance at Beginning of Period Charged to Costs and Expenses Deductions Other 2014 2015 2016 $ $ $ 191 64 — — — 272 (127) — — Balance at End of Period — $ (64) $ — $ 64 — 272 73 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] 2016 Annual Report GeGeorge J. Pedeersr en Richarardd L. Armittaga e Mary K. Bush Barrr y G. Campbell WaW ltterer RR. FaFatztzininger, JJr.r. Richard J. Kerr Lieutenant General Kenneth A. Minihhanaa , USAF, Ret. Board of Directors • GeGeoro ge J. Pedersen – Chairmaman ofof the Boardd aand Chhieief f Exxecutivee Officer • Richchaardd LL. . ArArmitage – PPreresidedennt, Armitage Internattioonanal;l; FForormem r DeDepuputyty Secretary of State; Formere AAssssisistatantnt SSececreretataryry of f Defense; Former Presiddene tialal Special Envoy during g the Gulf War • Maaryry K. Bush – Founder and Presiiddent, Bush Innteternational; Former Managing Direcectot r, Federall HoH using Finance Board • Barry G. Campbell – Former Chairman anand ChC ief Executive Officer, TTraracocorr SySyststememss TeTechchnonolologygy, InIncc. •• Walter R. Fatzinger, Jr. – Director, Chevvy y Chasase Trust CoCompany and Director, ASB Capital Maanagemennt, Inc. • Richchard J. Kerr – Former Deputy DDirirector and Offifficec r, Centtraral Intelligence Agency • Lieutenanantnt GGenenereralal KKenennenethth AA. Minihan, USAAFF, Ret. – Managing Director of the Homeland Seccururitityy Fund for Paladin Capital Group; Former Director, National Security AgA ency; FoFFF rmer Director, Defennsse IInInInIntelligence Agency 1_174216 

Continue reading text version or see original annual report in PDF format above