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MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock

mbx · NASDAQ Healthcare
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FY2018 Annual Report · MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock
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M I C R O B I X   B I O S Y S T E M S   I N C .

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Message to Shareholders

Sales  results  of  $3.4  million  for  the  fourth  quarter 
(Q4)  and  $12.5  million  for  the  full  year  (12Mos)  of 
fiscal  2018  have  fully  demonstrated  that  Microbix 
has  accelerated  its  growth:  Each  quarter  of  fiscal 
2018 recorded double-digit percentage sales growth 
compared  to  the  prior  year  and  the  first  three  set 
records for a Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively. Sales during 
individual  quarters  will  continue  to  fluctuate,  but 
now  usually  exceed  $1.0  million  per  month,  with 
double-digit growth expected to continue.

In addition to strong sales growth, Microbix has also 
attained positive cash-flow from operations, putting 
it  into  elite  company  –  as  most  life  sciences  firms 
consume  cash,  not  generate  it.  This  lack  of  a  “burn 
rate” means Microbix can build value without adding 
to shares outstanding and relying on volatile capital 
markets. Management aims to strengthen finances in 
fiscal  2019,  with  positive  cash-flow  and  meaningful 
net earnings targeted for the full year.

However,  fiscal  2018  was  not  without  challenges. 
Specifically, Microbix did not generate a profit for the 
year and incurred net losses for three of four quarters. 
Those  losses  were  manageable  and  due  principally 
to a yield control issue with a major conventionally-
produced antigen product. It is a pleasure to report 
that  the  issue  was  successfully  resolved  and  should 
not recur – Positioning Microbix for improved results 
in fiscal 2019. 

Another  notable  item  is  the  decision  to  write-
down  the  book  value  of  LumiSort™  technology.  In 
accordance  with  applicable  accounting  standards, 
Microbix  had  capitalized  development  costs  of  the 
prototype  instrument  and  related  patent  expenses. 
For  Q4,  it  was  decided  to  write-down  the  full  value 
of  such  LumiSort-related  assets  –  for  a  total  non-
cash  charge  of  $7.9  million.  That  decision  was 
driven by the emerging knowledge that, (1) Microbix 
could  not  provide  the  funding  needed  to  complete 
commercialization 
in  a  timely  manner,  and  (2) 
licensing  terms  being  offered  to  Microbix  may  not 
adequately support LumiSort’s carried value. 

While  the  LumiSort  charge  to  earnings  has  zero 
impact  on  cash,  taking  this  step  now  will  make 

certain  that  targeted  improvements  to  bottom-line 
results are not overshadowed by a later write-down. 
Also, any future value realized from LumiSort should 
now be entirely additive to earnings.

From  here,  Microbix  will  be  focusing  on  profitable 
growth.  Demand  for  the  materials  (antigens)  we 
make  for  the  diagnostics  industry  continues  to 
increase, driven by new test makers in China as well 
as by increasing orders from existing western-based 
customers.  Additionally,  Microbix’s  line  of  quality 
assessment  products  (QAPs)  are  eliciting  strong 
interest  from  instrument  makers  and  others  that 
need greater assurance that medical test results are 
fully accurate. Collectively, sales growth in the range 
of 20% per year is targeted.

The  outlook  for  gross  margins  is  also  positive.  Going 
forward,  Microbix  expects  an  increased  contribution 
from  its  new  bioreactor  antigen  production  process, 
which  is  demonstrating  much  better  margins  than 
the  conventional  method  it  replaces.  The  QAPs  line 
likewise  provides  strong  gross  margins  –  further 
enhancing  Microbix’s  bottom-line  potential.  Between 
improving antigen production methods and enhancing 
the  product  mix,  there  are  solid  reasons  for  being 
optimistic about fiscal 2019.

One  additional  asset  should  not  be  overlooked  – 
namely Kinlytic® urokinase. While Kinlytic has been in 
the Microbix stable for a long time, it is by no means 
dormant.  In  fiscal  2018,  a  great  deal  of  work  was 
conducted in refining project plans for re-launching 
this  drug  for  its  FDA  and  Health  Canada  approved 
indication  of  clearing  blood  clots  from  intravenous 
catheters. Partnering is needed to fund validation of 
new manufacturing and we will update on progress 
toward such an agreement in 2019.

To summarize, sales growth is strong, gross margins 
are  expected  to 
is  already 
positive  and  meaningful  net  earnings  are  in  sight. 
Your company is now poised for greater operational 
success and share price appreciation.

improve,  cash-flow 

Personally and on behalf of our team, I thank you for 
your continuing support and wish you all the best.

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

 1

Canadian Funds  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND 2017

Canadian Funds 

The Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the 
audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes for the year ended September 30, 2018, prepared 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and filed on SEDAR. Additional 
information  relating  to  the  Company,  including  its  Annual  Information  Form  (“AIF”),  can  be  found  on 
SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Reference to “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” means Microbix Biosystems 
Inc.  unless  otherwise  stated.  All  amounts  are  presented  in  Canadian  dollars  unless  otherwise  stated.  
Statements  contained  herein,  which  are      not  historical  facts,  are  forward  looking  statements  that  are 
subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those 
set forth or implied. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, discussion of financial 
results or the outlook for the business, risks associated with its financial results and stability, its biologicals 
business, development projects such as those referenced herein, sales to foreign jurisdictions, engineering 
and construction, production (including control over costs, quality, quantity and timeliness of delivery), 
foreign currency and exchange rates, maintaining adequate working capital and raising further capital on 
acceptable terms or at all, and other similar statements concerning anticipated future events, conditions 
or results that are not historical facts. These statements reflect management’s current estimates, beliefs, 
intentions and expectations; they are not guarantees of future performance. The Company cautions that 
all forward looking information is inherently uncertain and that actual performance may be affected by a 
number of material factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Accordingly, actual future 
events, conditions and results may differ materially from the estimates, beliefs, intentions and expectations 
expressed or implied in the forward looking information. All statements are made as of the date of this 
disclosure and represent the Company’s judgment as of that date and the Company disclaims any intent or 
obligation to update such forward-looking statements.

The Management Discussion and Analysis is dated December 20, 2018.

COMPANY OVERVIEW
Microbix Biosystems Inc. (Microbix or the Company) (TSX: MBX) specializes in developing biological and 
technology solutions for human health and well-being. It manufactures a wide range of critical biological 
materials  for  the  global  diagnostics  industry,  notably  purified  and  inactivated  bacteria  and  viruses, 
known as antigens, which are used in immunoassays or quality assessment products. Microbix’ antigen-
based products are sold to more than 100 customers worldwide, primarily to multinational diagnostics 
companies and laboratory accreditation organizations

Microbix  has  also  applied  its  biological  expertise  and  infrastructure  to  create  proprietary  new 
products or technologies. It has been working to commercialize two; (1) Kinlytic® urokinase, a biologic 
thrombolytic drug (used to dissolve blood clots), and (2) LumiSort™ cell-sorting, a technology platform 
for ultra-rapid and efficient sorting of particles that can be used to enrich cell populations of interest 
(such as sexing semen for the livestock industry). 

Revenue from the antigens business (Antigens) is expected to continue growing for the foreseeable 
future, with this growth recently accelerating as certain public health tests are being adopted in the 
Asia Pacific region.  The Antigens business provides free cash flow to cover operating and debt service 
costs, and funding for business initiatives that leverage this expertise and are related to this field.

The  Company  owns  and  operates  an  Antigens  manufacturing  facility  at  265  Watline  Avenue  in 
Mississauga, Ontario. Microbix has a Pathogen and Toxin license for its facility, issued by the Public 
Health Agency of Canada. The Company’s administrative offices are located at 211 Watline Avenue, 
Mississauga, Ontario.

 2

Canadian Funds   
Canadian Funds 

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Year Ending September 30, 2018 (“2018”)
For 2018, revenue was $12,510,558, a 23% increase over 2017 revenue of $10,185,798, with sales to each 
of  Microbix’  two  largest  customers  increasing  significantly.  Included  were  antigen  and  quality  product 
revenues of $12,191,357, 23% higher than 2017, due to strong sales growth in Asia and increased sales to 
key customers.  Revenue from royalties was up 9% at $319,201 (2017 - $293,939).

At  $5,369,436,  gross  margin  increased  by  $557,063  or  12%,  due  to  increased  sales  and  changes  to 
product mix, but with sales-related gains offset by yield-control issues with a conventionally-produced 
antigen. Additionally, the benefit of shifting production of a leading antigen into bioreactors was not 
fully-realized due to the conversion of a key customer being slower than anticipated. 

Operating expenses for 2018 decreased by $199,663 compared to 2017. This was primarily due to lower 
legal costs in 2018 versus prior year.  However, during its review of intangible assets, Microbix determined 
that it has become less likely that it will fully recover the investments made in LumiSort™.  The decision 
was  therefore  made  to  write-down  all  LumiSort™-related  assets;  namely  its  original  investment  and 
its  capitalized  development,  prototyping  and  patenting  costs.    While  Microbix  can  no  longer  support 
retaining an asset value of $7,878,758 on its books for LumiSort, efforts to license or sell the technology 
will continue.

As  a  result,  the  Company  experienced  a  net  loss  for  the  year  of  $8,621,566  (versus  a  net  loss  of 
$3,780,088 for 2017). Adjusting for such one-time costs in both fiscal years, operating loss before debt 
restructuring, settlement expenses and impairment of assets in 2018 was $742,808 compared to a loss 
of $1,499,534 for 2017.

Cash used in operations (CFO) in 2018 was $537,005, compared to cash provided of $297,047 in 2017.  
This swing was largely due to utilization of funds to reduce accounts payable in Q1 and Q2 of fiscal 2018, 
which deployed some of the funds from our Q1 2018 private placement.  Cash used in investing activities 
was $1,217,999 (2017 - $640,750), due to increased investment on capital equipment and manufacturing 
facility  upgrades,  with  the  increase  partly  offset  by  lower  investment  in  development  of  intangible 
assets.   Accounting for all sources and uses, net cash provided by financing activities was $1,744,901 
(2017 - $392,748), as a result of the company raising $3,137,283 (net of issue costs) in a private placement 
in the first quarter of fiscal 2018.  These funds were used primarily to pay down operating bank debt, 
reduce accounts payable obligations, invest in capital equipment, and as working capital to support our 
growth.  Net of all entries, cash decreased by $10,102 in 2018 (2017 -  increase of $49,045). 

Quarter Ending September 30, 2018 (“Q4”)
Total  Q4  revenue  was  $3,389,574,  a  20%  increase  over  last  year’s  fourth  quarter  revenue  of  $2,813,282.  
Included  were  antigen  and  quality  product  revenues  of  $3,308,913,  22%  higher  than  last  year’s  fourth 
quarter, due largely to strong growth into Asian markets through our distribution partner and growth in 
sales to key customers.  Revenue from royalties was $80,661 (2017 - $93,663).

Gross  margin  for  Q4  was  41%,  up  from  39%  in  fiscal  Q4  of  2017,  but  well  below  objectives.  Gross 
margin varies with product mix but, as in Q2 and Q3 of 2018, yield-control issues with a conventionally-
produced antigen meaningfully reduced gross margin (by about 10%). In dollar terms, Q4 gross margin 
increased  by  $289,330  versus  Q4  of  2017  or  by  27%.  Those  yield-control  issues  are  now  resolved  and 
further measures to improve yields and margins are being undertaken across multiple products which 
should soon begin to show positive effects.   

Operating expenses for Q4 decreased by $321,206 compared to 2017. This was primarily due to lower 
legal costs during the quarter, as in 2017 Microbix was incurring the costs of defending a patent lawsuit which 
was later settled in our favour.  In addition, Microbix had lower interest costs due to lower use of bank credit 
facility in fiscal 2018.  As outlined above the Company took a write-down during the quarter of $7,878,758 for 
its Lumisort assets.  As a result, the Company experienced a net loss for the quarter of $8,185,894 (versus a 
net loss of $1,009,911 for 2017).  However, Microbix generated improved operating results for Q4, with a net

 3

Canadian Funds   
FINANCIAL OVERVIEW (Continued)

Quarter Ending September 30, 2018 (“Q4”) (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

operating loss before one-time adjustments of $307,135, versus a loss of $917,673 in 2017.

Cash provided by operations (CFO) in Q4 was $249,815, compared to cash used of $447,812 in 2017. The 
impact of increased Q4 sales on CFO was blunted by the yield-control issue.  As a result, the increased CFO 
in Q4 2018 was largely due to the reductions in accounts receivable and decreased inventory levels.  Net 
cash  used  in  investing  activities  was  $77,148  (2017  –  negative  $26,157),  due  to  continued  investment  in 
upgrading manufacturing equipment. Cash used in financing activities was $229,435 (2017 – provided by 
$312,168). Net of all entries, cash decreased by  $11,798 in Q4 2018 (2017 - $109,486). 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Total Revenue 

Gross Margin 
SG&A Expenses 
R&D Expense 
Financial Expenses 
Operating Loss before debt restructuring, 
settlement expenses and impairment of assets 

As at 
Sept 30, 2018 

      $ 

 12,510,558    

As at
Sept 30, 2017
 10,185,798  
 $ 

  5,369,436  
 4,170,641  
 1,089,746  
 851,857  

 4,812,373   
 4,392,734   
 994,584  
 924,589   

(742,808)  

 (1,499,534)

Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss for the year 

  (8,621,566) 

 (3,780,088)

Cash Provided (Used) by Operating Activities 

 (537,005) 

 297,047  

Cash 
Accounts receivable 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Total current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Current ratio 
Debt to equity ratio 

  44,358  
 1,313,480  
 6,067,018   
19,310,067  
 4,161,417  
 8,956,565  
 10,353,502  
 1.46  
 0.87  

 54,460  
 1,337,488 
 6,161,837 
 26,437,611 
 6,516,249 
 11,262,928 
 15,174,683  
 0.95 
 0.74  

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Dec-31-16
$

Mar-31-17
$

Jun-30-17
$

Sep-30-17
$

Dec-31-17
$

Mar-31-18
$

Jun-30-18
$

Sep-30-18
$

 1,952,502 

 2,646,649 

 2,773,365 

 2,813,282 

 2,885,567 

  3,000,193 

  3,235,224 

  3,389,574 

 (3,366,472)

 107,649 

 38,646 

 (1,009,911)

 (94,128)

 (342,502)

958 

(8,185,894)

Sales
Net Loss and 
Comprehensive Loss

Operating Loss before debt 
restructuring, settlement expenses 
and Impairment of assets 

 (525,406)

 107,649 

 (164,104)

 (917,673)

 (94,128)

 (342,502)

958 

(307,136)

 4

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
OUTLOOK
Microbix’ primary business is the result of nearly three decades of experience manufacturing high quality 
viral and bacterial antigens – for use in the medical diagnostic testing industry.  Its many antigen products 
have received widespread and longstanding acceptance by diagnostic test makers, with continuing growth 
in  demand.  Microbix  antigens  are  now  used  by  over  100  diagnostics  manufacturers  and  are  the  critical 
biology inside tens of millions of medical tests for bacterial and viral diseases.

Canadian Funds 

More  recently,  growth  in  demand  for  Microbix’  antigens  has  been  accelerating  –  as  a  number  of 
diagnostics  for  infectious  diseases  important  to  public  health  are  beginning  to  be  adopted  in  the  Asia-
Pacific  region.    We  are  seeing  the  emergence  of  this  Asian  demand  materialize  in  orders  from  our 
distribution  partner  for  such  markets,  as  well  as  from  customers  based  in  North  America  and  Europe 
that are reporting growing sales into Asia. The long-term effect of this trend may be to take our potential 
market  from  being  the  population  of  ~700  million  of  North  America  and  Western  Europe  to  closer 
to  the  global  population  of  7.6  billion.  As  a  leading  global  supplier  of  such  vital  antigens,  Microbix 
believes  it  must  prepare  to  fulfill  such  demand  growth,  lest  unmet  need  spawn  a  new  competitor.

A  second  line  of  business  involves  the  use  of  antigens  for  purposes  other  than  the  large-scale 
manufacturing of medical test kits. This newer usage packages a very small amount of stabilized antigen 
into individual one milliliter vials. Such samples are used as tools to establish whether lab quality objectives 
are being met – for example to assess whether testing equipment is functioning properly and whether staff 
has  been  adequately  trained.  Such  finished  quality  assessment  products  (QAPs™,  pronounced  as  “caps”) 
are a high value end-use of Microbix’ antigens and there is a growing need for such products as regulators 
progressively  tighten  their  surveillance  of  the  competence  of  medical  testing  labs.  A  notable  driver  for 
such demand are the U.S. “CLIA” regulations, that are requiring labs to use quality products from qualified 
third  parties  across  their  ever-broadening  portfolio  of  tests.  Microbix  now  derives  about  10%  of  its  sales 
from  providing  QAPs  to  laboratory  accreditation  organizations  and  is  building-out  this  business  segment. 

Due  to  the  positive  prospects  of  each  of  the  two  lines  of  its  Antigens  business,  Microbix  is  reinvesting 
to  better  ensure  that  it  can  meet  the  expected  growth  in  demand.  Such  work  includes  upgrading 
its  manufacturing  technologies,  quality  systems,  processes  and  training,  capacity  and  allocation 
of  capacity,  along  with  developing  and  launching  new  products.  This  has  involved  many  steps  to 
both  de-bottleneck  and  de-risk  our  production  processes,  work  that  will  be  ongoing  as  Microbix 
continues  to  grow  sales  across  our  product  lines.  Much  of  the  required  investment  was  completed 
in  the  third  quarter  of  fiscal  2018,  as  reflected  in  the  news  release  entitled  “Microbix  Completes 
Multiple  Facility  Upgrades”  dated  May  8  that  listed  the  12  categories  of  upgrades  we  have  completed.

Initial  benefits  of  the  manufacturing  upgrades  are  already  being  seen  in  the  sales  growth  of 
fiscal  2018.  Management  believes  that  it  would  have  been  very  difficult  to  attain  the  rate  of  sales 
growth  seen  in  fiscal  2018  (i.e.,  the  23%  increase  in  sales  over  2017),  without  such  investment. 
Where  Microbix  has  not  yet  seen  the  intended  benefits,  is  in  its  gross  margins  and  net  profits.

Microbix  is  behind  where  it  hoped  to  be  on  gross  margins  and  profits  –  due  largely,  if  not  wholly, 
to  two  matters,  (1)  a  yield-control  issue  with  a  leading  conventionally-produced  antigen  product  that 
led  to  considerable  margin  loss  in  Q2,  Q3  and  Q4  but  has  now  been  corrected,  and  (2)  a  delay  in  the 
acceptance of bioreactor-produced antigen by a key customer for that product – while it completes more 
lengthy  real-time  stability  testing  of  kits  made  with  such  antigen  that  were  unexpected  by  Microbix.

Both  matters  are  being  addressed  and  should  not  obstruct  the  drive  to  improve  gross  margins 
well  above  the  38-47%  range  seen  across  fiscal  2018.  With  ongoing  sales  growth  in  the  range  of 
20%  per  year  and  improved  margins  in  sight,  it  is  believed  that  meaningful  quarterly  net  earnings 
are  not  far  off.    Other  very  promising  drivers  should  likewise  not  be  ignored,  starting  with  the  QAPs 

 5

Canadian Funds   
OUTLOOK (Continued)
products. The sales of QAPs to lab accreditation organizations (the PTDx™ line) are already well-established, 
at about 10% of overall sales. A sibling of PTDx, the PROCEEDx line, was hatched in early 2018 and has been 
targeted  to  researchers,  test  developers  and  laboratories  for  R&D,  validation/verification  of  instruments, 
troubleshooting and operator training. PROCEEDx™ is now garnering accelerating interest from prospective 
customers and we are hopeful of material fiscal 2019 sales from this added QAPs product line. We will report 
on such progress as firm, material product orders are received from customers. 

Canadian Funds 

Headway is also being made with Kinlytic®.   Microbix is actively working with a U.S. agent on outreaches 
to potential out-licensing and development partners. Management views progress as satisfactory at this 
stage and will likely update shareholders based on either of two process milestones, (i) executing a binding 
letter-of intent, or (ii) signing a definitive agreement. For LumiSort, it has been determined that the financial 
terms being discussed with livestock sex selection industry participants do not support the carrying value of 
the related assets. While LumiSort retains all of its technical and commercial merits, Microbix cannot afford 
to  complete  the  commercialization  of  this  asset  without  the  involvement  of  such  industry  participants. 
Accordingly, the decision has been taken to provision for the full book value of LumiSort. With a zero value 
now assigned to LumiSort, any funds received from licensing the livestock-related or other applications of 
the technology should directly add to Microbix’s earnings.

To summarize, the company is now growing sales at a rate of about 20% per year – faster than ever 
before.  Gross  margins  and  net  profits  are  not  yet  where  we  want  them  to  be,  but  plans  are  in  place  to 
meaningfully increase both over the coming quarters. The new QAPs products are gaining recognition from 
potential customers and should provide an additional source of high margin sales growth.

LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) on a going concern basis, which presumes the Company will continue operating 
for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize a return on its assets and discharge its liabilities and 
commitments in the normal course of business.

The  Company has  incurred  historical  losses resulting  in  an  accumulated  deficit  of  $35,698,403 
as at  September 30, 2018.  Management continuously monitors the financial position of the Company 
with  respect  to  working  capital  needs,  as  well  as  long-term  capital  requirements  compared  to  the 
annual  operating  budget.  Variances  are  highlighted  and  actions  are  taken  to  ensure  the  Company  is 
appropriately capitalized.

Future Liquidity and Capital Needs 

The Company primarily funds new product development activities and capital expenditures from profits 
earned by its business and, periodically from additional equity and/or debt.

Over the course of fiscal 2019, cash flow is expected to improve due to: 1) continued growth in antigen 
and quality product sales, 2) improvements in product pricing and other sales terms, 3) commencement of 
sales of higher margin product from the Company’s bioreactor production process, and 4) other business 
development and financial initiatives. Management expects these developments will significantly improve 
the overall liquidity position, as the Company’s plans come to full fruition.

The $3.1 million of net proceeds from Microbix’ October private placement have been deployed to support 
growth plans and ongoing operations. Principal utilizations have been to purchase needed equipment and 
improve working capital. Further funds were allocated to reduce bank credit utilization, which may be redrawn 
as needed.  Microbix will continue to monitor and manage its cash position, with the objective of anticipating 
and meeting all future liquidity and capital needs.

 6

Canadian Funds   
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS

Canadian Funds 

New Distribution Agreement
On January 12, 2017 Microbix signed a distribution agreement with Meridian Life Science, Inc. Under the 
terms of the Agreement, Meridian has received exclusive distribution rights to Microbix’ branded antigen 
products for China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau. Additionally, Microbix is providing bulk-finished product 
to Meridian to be sold under Meridian-label to customers in the Asia-Pacific region. Both companies will 
explore additional collaboration opportunities in the future. The relationship enables Microbix to leverage 
its  expanding  manufacturing  capacity  and  Meridian’s  substantial  commercial  presence  to  better  serve 
the  region’s  diagnostic  customers.  Overall,  the  distribution  collaboration  has  significantly  expanded  the 
business relationship between the two companies, and serves as a platform for the continued growth and 
expansion of their respective products and services.

Expanded Customer Agreement
On August 8, 2017 Microbix announced the execution of an expanded customer supply agreement. Under 
this agreement, Microbix is supplying an existing long-term customer with an increasing quantity of viral 
antigen products over the next five years, with the parties having the option to extend that term. Sales from 
the agreement are expected to total $25 million, with approximately $10 million to be incremental business.  
The agreement is with a major global diagnostics company with growing sales of infectious disease tests 
that require more antigen supply. The parties’ obligations under the agreement are those customary for the 
supply and purchase of biological materials and its renewal and expansion provides Microbix with a secure 
base of business and underpins its decision to increase its production by expanding bioreactor capacity and 
other measures.

Settlement of Disputes
On  December  30,  2016  Microbix  reached  a  final  settlement  with  Irvine  Scientific  Inc.  over  an  ongoing 
dispute related to the sale of the Company’s Water-for-Injection business to Irvine Scientific that occurred in 
December 2012.  Irvine Scientific had filed a Notice of Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association 
in  New  York  as  stipulated  in  its  original  agreement  with  Microbix.    Prior  to  initiation  of  the  arbitration 
proceeding the companies agreed on final settlement terms, namely Microbix will pay Irvine a total amount 
of (U.S.) $192,500, which was fully paid by September 30, 2017. 

Outstanding Share Capital
Share capital issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2018 was $33,912,460 for 96,972,705 common 
shares versus $31,299,416 for 84,704,257 common shares at September 30, 2017.

Related Party Transactions
On September 12, 2017, the Company issued two outstanding shareholder interest bearing Loans for total 
proceeds of $200,000. These loans were repaid on October 23, 2017. On March 28, 2018 the board of directors 
approved the repricing of 1,500,000 of warrants held by a director of the Company. These warrants were 
repriced from $0.55 to $0.32 and the expiry was extended by one year. The non-cash financial impact was 
$128,901, which is included in general and administrative expenses.

TREND INFORMATION

Historical spending patterns are no indication of future expenditures. Investment in the new products 
and technologies is at the discretion of management. The Company is not aware of any material trends 
related to its business that have not been discussed in this Management Discussion and Analysis dated 
December 20, 2018.

 7

Canadian Funds   
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Canadian Funds 

The  Company  is  exposed  to  business  risks,  both  known  and  unknown,  which  may  or  may  not  affect  its 
operations. Management works continuously to mitigate unacceptable risk, while still allowing the business 
to grow and prosper. These risk factors include the following:

A significant portion of Antigens Product sales are dependent on key clients, open borders, international 
transportation systems, and access to raw materials.
A significant share of the Company’s Antigens products sales are sold to a few key customers globally. 
These products contributed a significant share of the revenues. The loss of a key customer, or restrictions 
on export, import, or international transportation of its products, raw materials or insufficient marketing 
resources, could materially impact revenue and profitability.

Environmental, safety and other regulatory
Microbix’ research and manufacturing operations involves potentially hazardous materials. The Company takes 
extensive precautions to appropriately manage these materials as regulated by the applicable environmental 
and safety authorities. Changes in environmental and safety legislation may limit the Company’s activities or 
increase costs. An environmental accident could adversely impact its operations. Microbix’ antigen products are 
considered a production ingredient and not directly regulated by governments in Canada or other jurisdictions. 
Commercialization of certain quality assessment products require approval of regulatory agencies such as the 
FDA, in which case Microbix will not receive revenue until regulatory approval is obtained.

Re-Launch of Kinlytic® urokinase
Microbix’  goal  is  to  re-launch  this  biologic  clot-buster  drug  into  the  United  States  market.  The  Company  has 
consulted  with  the  United  States  Food  and  Drug  Administration  about  the  viability  of  its  re-launch  plans  and 
secured quotations for major project tasks from third-party service providers to independently validate budgets 
and timelines. Outreach has been undertaken to secure project funding from development partners on the basis of 
the resulting re-launch plans. There is no assurance the Company will be successful in this endeavour.

Quality Assessment Products in development
The Company has multiple quality assessment products under development, with the goal of building its 
sales of this category of product. There is no assurance that these development activities will result in the 
completion of new commercial products. If the Company is unable to develop and commercialize products, it 
will be unable to recover its related product development investments. 

Product commercialization requires strategic relationships
To commercialize large market products in development, Microbix may need to establish strategic partnerships, 
joint ventures or licensing relationships with pharmaceutical, biotechnology or animal genetics companies. It is 
possible the Company may be unable to negotiate mutually acceptable terms.

Operating and capital requirements
Microbix seeks to earn a profit on the sale of its Antigens Products, which is a major source of funding for its 
research and development activities. The Company believes that cash generated from operations is sufficient 
to meet normal operating and capital requirements. However, the Company may need to raise additional funds, 
from time to time for several reasons including, to expand production capacity, to advance its current research 
and development programs, to support various collaboration initiatives with third parties, to underwrite the 
cost of filing, prosecuting and enforcing patents and other intellectual property rights, to invest in acquisitions, 
new  technologies  and  new  market  developments.  Additional  financing  may  not  be  available,  and  even  if 
available, may not be offered on acceptable terms.

 8

Canadian Funds   
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Future success may depend on successfully commercializing new products or technologies
In the nearer term, Microbix must maintain and grow its existing product sales. To survive and prosper over 
the longer term, Microbix may need to commercialize new products or technologies. Such work is inherently 
uncertain and there is no guarantee that Microbix will be successful with its efforts.

Failure to obtain and protect intellectual property could adversely affect business
Microbix’ future success depends, in part, on its ability to obtain patents, or licenses to patents, maintain trade 
secret  protection  and  enforce  its  rights  against  others.  The  Company’s  intellectual  property  includes  trade 
secrets and know-how that may not be protected by patents. There is no assurance that the Company will be 
able to protect its trade know-how. To help protect its intellectual property, the Company requires employees, 
consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. However, these agreements 
may  not  adequately  protect  trade  secrets,  know-how  or  other  proprietary  information  in  the  event  of  any 
unauthorized use or disclosure. Protection of intellectual property may also entail prosecuting claims against 
others who the Company believes are infringing its rights. Involvement in intellectual property litigation could 
result in significant costs, adversely affecting the development of products or sales of the challenged product, 
or intellectual property, and divert the efforts of its scientific and management personnel, whether or not such 
litigation is resolved in the Company’s favour.

Microbix will continue to face significant competition
Competition  from  life  sciences  companies,  and  academic  and  research  institutions  is  significant.  Many 
competitors have substantially greater resources and general capabilities in the areas of scientific and product 
development, legal review, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and financial support than Microbix. While the 
Company continues to expand its technological, commercial, legal and financial capabilities in order to remain 
competitive, Microbix’ competitors may also be making significant investments in all of these areas, which could 
make it more difficult for Microbix to commercialize its products and technologies.

 9

Canadian Funds   
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Canadian Funds 

The primary risks affecting the Company are summarized below and have not changed during the fiscal 
year. The list does not cover all risks, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of management to mitigate 
the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk.

Credit risk:
The Company’s customers are primarily large multi-national companies with very high quality credit ratings. 
Given this track record, management perceives the credit risk to be low. Typically the outstanding accounts 
receivable  balance  is  relatively  concentrated  with  a  few  large  customers  representing  the  majority  of  the 
value.  For  the  year  ended  September  30,  2018,  five  customers  accounted  for  66%  (2017  -  five  customers 
accounted for 63%) of the outstanding balance.  The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past 
several years and accordingly management has recorded an allowance of $10,000 (2017 - $10,000).

Currency risk:
The Company is exposed to currency risk given its global customer base. Over 90% of its revenue is denominated 
in either U.S. dollars or Euros. The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge this currency risk. At 
September 30, 2018, the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held in foreign currencies are:

US dollars 

Euros

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017

Cash   
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable and 
    accrued liabilities 

     $  42,557   
     652,429   

$ 

52,902   
458,941   

247 
 314,402   

5
     413,117 

 $    204,696   

$   406,000  

-     

    11.987

Based upon 2018 results, the impact of a 5% increase in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would 
result in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $330,400 Cdn. The impact of a 5% 
increase in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based revenue of 
approximately $271,500. Correspondingly, the impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian 
dollar would result in a loss in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $330,400 Cdn. The impact 
of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual Euro-based revenue 
of approximately $271,500.     

Liquidity risk
Liquidity  risk  measures  the  Company’s  ability  to  meet  its  financial  obligations  when  they  fall  due.  To 
manage this situation, the Company projects and monitors its cash requirements to accommodate changes 
in liquidity needs. In addition, during fiscal 2017 the Company announced that it has arranged a secured 
revolving  credit  facility  with  The  Toronto-Dominion  Bank  (“TD  Bank”)  and  Export  Development  Canada 
(“EDC”). The credit facility is being used to fund the Company’s need for working capital to grow its existing 
business.  This facility is helping to satisfy the Company’s liquidity needs and to manage the liquidity risk 
going forward.

Interest rate risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to interest rate risk include those assets and 
liabilities with a variable interest rate. Exposure to interest rate risk is primarily on the BDC debt that has a 
variable rate pegged to the bank rate. The rate can be fixed, if the outlook indicates interest rates will move 
higher. The only other variable debt the Company has is the $1,500,000 line of credit that bears interest at the 
bank’s prime lending rate plus 2.25%. A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately 
$30,000 per year for BDC and about $15,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the 
fiscal year.

 10

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
  
 
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Market risk
Market risk reflects changes in pricing for both Antigens products and raw materials based on supply and 
demand  criteria;  also  market  forces  can  affect  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  as  well  as  interest  rates 
which could affect the Company’s financial performance or the value of its financial instruments. Microbix 
products are valuable components in our customers’ products and cannot be easily replaced. The Company 
works closely with customers to ensure its products meet their specific criteria.

Fair value
The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgement is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could 
be realized in a current market exchange could be different than the estimated value.

The fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate 

their carrying values due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities. The convertible and non-convertible debenture fair values are not readily determinable as 
the convertible debentures have been issued to shareholders of the Company. The fair values of financial 
instruments in other long-term liabilities approximate their carrying values as they are recorded at the net 
present values of their future cash flows, using an appropriate discount rate.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company’s 
audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS and the reporting currency is 
Canadian dollars. On an on-going basis, management bases its estimates on historical and other experience 
and assumptions, which it believes are reasonable in the circumstances. The significant accounting policies 
that the Company believes are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating the reported financial 
results include:

Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include technology costs, patents, trademarks and licenses. Each is recorded at cost and 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements.  Intangible assets with indefinite lives are 
not amortized but are assessed for impairment on an annual basis.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives for potential impairment 
when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The 
carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives but are not ready for  use, are assessed at least 
annually for impairment based on the impairment test on cash-generating units (CGUs). The impairment 
test on CGUs is carried out by comparing the carrying amount of the CGU and its recoverable amount. 
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. This 
complex valuation process entails the use of methods such as the discounted cash method which requires 
numerous assumptions to estimate future cash flows. The recoverable amount is impacted significantly 
by the discount rate selected to be used in the discounted cash flow model, as well as the quantum and 
timing of risk-adjusted future cash flows and the growth rate used for the extrapolation.  The impairment 
loss is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. 

 11

Canadian Funds   
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Non-Convertible and Convertible Debentures
Management  determines  the  fair  value  of  the  debenture  using  valuation  techniques.  Those  techniques 
are significantly affected by the estimated assumptions used, including discount rates, expected life and 
estimates of future cash flows.

Deferred income taxes
Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences 
attributable  to  differences  between  financial  statement  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
their respective income tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates 
expected to be in effect when   the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effects 
of changes in income tax rates are reflected in future income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate 
changes are substantively enacted.

Share-based payments
The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation for awards granted 
to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The fair value of the award at the time of 
granting is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation 
expense on a straight- line basis over the vesting period with an offsetting amount recorded to contributed 
surplus. The amount of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion 
of the options vested at that date. When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees 
or directors, together with the related amount in contributed surplus, is credited to capital stock. When an 
employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised within 90 days, or the options expire. Any 
options that are unvested are reversed in the period that the employee leaves.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgment is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could 
be realized in a current market exchange could be different than the estimated value.

The  carrying  amounts  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  bank  indebtedness  and 
accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these 
instruments. Based on available market information, the fair value of the obligation under capital lease 
approximates its carrying value. 

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities.  The fair value of the liability for each convertible debenture has been calculated and the 
residual is accounted for in equity. The Company does not have any off balance sheet financial instruments.

Disclosure Controls
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in the National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure 
in  Issuer’s  Annual  Filings  (NI  52-109F1).  As  at  September  30,  2018,  management  has  concluded  that  the 
disclosure controls are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed 
in the Company’s reports is recorded, processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified 
in the Canadian Securities Administrator’s rules and forms.

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
The  design  of  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  (“ICFR”)  within  the  company  is  a  management 
responsibility  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  that  the 
preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  is  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 

 12

Canadian Funds   
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting (Continued)
accounting principles of IFRS. While the CEO and CFO believe that the internal controls are adequate to 
provide the above information, the process to evaluate and document all policies and procedures that 
could impact financial reporting is continuously reviewed with consultation with the Audit Committee. 
Shareholders  should  be  aware  that  Microbix  is  a  small  company  without  the  department  resources 
associated  with  larger  firms.  Management  is  using  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organization  of  the 
Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Framework and has concluded that the Internal Control over Financial 
Reporting (“ICFR”) as defined in NI 52-109 is effective as at the period ended September 30, 2018.

Examination by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer showed that there were no 
changes to the internal controls over financial reporting during the period ended September 30, 2018 
that have materially affected, or are reasonably thought to materially affect, the internal control over 
financial reporting.

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED
Certain new standards, interpretations, amendments and improvements to existing standards were issued 
by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) or IFRS Interpretation Committee (“IFRIC”) that 
are mandatory at certain dates or later.  Management is still assessing the effects of the pronouncements 
on the Company.  The standards impacted that may be applicable to the Company are following:

IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS“) was issued in final form by the IASB in July 2014 and will replace 
IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. IFRS 9 uses a single approach to determine 
whether a financial asset is measured at amortized cost or fair value, replacing the multiple rules in IAS 39. 
The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its 
business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial assets.

Most  requirements  in  IAS  39  for  classification  and  measurement  of  financial  liabilities  were  carried 
forward  unchanged  to  IFRS  9.  The  new  standard  also  requires  a  single  impairment  method  be  used, 
replacing the multiple impairment methods in IAS 39. IFRS 9 also includes requirements relating to a new 
hedge  accounting  model,  which  represents  a  substantial  overhaul  of  hedge  accounting  that  will  allow 
entities to better reflect their risk management activities in the financial statements.

The  most  significant  improvements  apply  to  those  that  hedge  non-financial  risk,  and  so  these 
improvements are expected to be of particular interest to non-financial institutions. In addition, a single, 
forward-looking expected loss impairment model is introduced, which will require more timely recognition 
of expected credit losses. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Earlier 
application is permitted.

The Company has assessed the impact of IFRS 9 on the consolidated financial statements and has 
determined that the adoption of IFRS 9 will enhance disclosures, but will not have a material impact 
on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS  15,  Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (“IFRS  15”)  was  issued  by  the  IASB  in  May  2014.    The 
core principle of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods 
or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be 
entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard will also result in enhanced disclosures 
about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively 
(for  example,  service  revenue  and  contract  modifications)  and  improve  guidance  for  multiple-element 
arrangements.  The  new  standard  is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2018. 
Earlier application is permitted. IFRS 15 supersedes the following standards: IAS 11 Construction Contracts, 
IAS 18 Revenue, IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes, IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real 

 13

Canadian Funds   
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)
Estate,  IFRIC  18  Transfers  of  Assets  from  Customers,  and  SIC-31  Revenue  -  Barter  Transactions  Involving 
Advertising Services. 

The Company has not identified any significant differences in the timing or recognition of revenues as 
a result of IFRS 15.  The Company continues to assess the impact of required disclosure in the notes to the 
consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, Leases
On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, which outlines requirements for lessees to recognize assets 
and liabilities for most leases. Lessees are required to recognize the lease liability for the obligations to 
make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. 
Lease liability is measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. The 
right-of-use asset is initially measured at the amount of the lease liability and adjusted for prepayments, 
direct costs and incentives received.

The  new  standard  will  be  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019.  Early 
recognition  is  permitted,  provided  the  new  revenue  standard,  IFRS  15  Revenue  from  Contracts  with 
Customers, has been applied, or is applied at the same date as IFRS 16. The Company has commenced a 
review process to assess any impact on its current revenue recognition policies and reporting processes.

IFRS 2, Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”)
In  June  2016,  the  IASB  issued  final  amendments  to  IFRS  2,  clarifying  how  to  account  for  certain  types 
of  share-based  payment  transactions.  The  amendments,  which  were  developed  through  the  IFRS 
Interpretations Committee, provide requirements on the accounting for: (i) the effect of vesting and non-
vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments; (ii) share-based payment 
transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations; and (iii) a modification to the 
terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classifications of the transaction from 
cash-settled to equity-settled. The effective date for this standard is for reporting periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted.

The  Company  has  completed  the  review  process  to  assess  the  impact  and  application  of  the 

aforementioned amendments and has determined it will have no impact on the Company.

IFRIC 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration
In 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration 
(“IFRIC 22”) which provides requirements about which exchange rate to use in reporting foreign currency 
transactions  (such  as  revenue  transactions)  when  payment  is  made  or  received  in  advance.  IFRIC  22  is 
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. On 
initial application, entities have the option to apply either retrospectively or prospectively. The Company 
is in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting these amendments on the Company’s consolidated 
financial statements.

 14

Canadian Funds   
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

To the Shareholders of Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Canadian Funds 

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  of  Microbix  Biosystems  Inc.  which  comprise  the 
consolidated statements of financial position as at September 30, 2018 and 2017, and the consolidated statements of loss and 
comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information.

Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to 
enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error.

Auditors’ responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted 
our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we comply 
with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated 
financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated 
financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks 
of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk 
assessments,  the  auditors  consider  internal  control  relevant  to  the  entity’s  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the 
consolidated  financial  statements  in  order  to  design  audit  procedures  that  are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but 
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes 
evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Microbix 
Biosystems Inc. as at September 30, 2018 and 2017, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

December 20, 2018
Toronto, Canada

 15

Canadian Funds   
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION  

As at September 30, 2018 and 017 

ASSETS  
     CURRENT ASSETS  

Cash  
Accounts receivable  
Inventory (Note 5)  
Prepaid expenses and other assets (Note 6)  
Investment tax credit receivable (Note 18)  
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS  

     LONG-TERM ASSETS

Deferred tax asset (Note 18)  
Property, plant and equipment (Note 7)  
Intangible assets (Note 8)  
     TOTAL LONG-TERM ASSETS  

TOTAL ASSETS  

LIABILITIES  
     CURRENT LIABILITIES  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  
Bank indebtedness (Note 10)               
Current portion of finance lease obligation 
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 10) 
Current portion of debentures (Note 9) 
Deferred revenue (Note 11) 

     TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES  

Finance lease obligation 
Non-convertible debentures (Note 9) 
Convertible debentures (Note 9) 
Long-term debt (Note 10)  
     TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES  

TOTAL LIABILITIES  

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Share capital (Note 12)  
Equity component of  
         convertible debentures (Note 9)  
Contributed surplus (Note 13)  
Accumulated deficit  

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Canadian Funds

2018 

2017

$ 

  44,358   
   1,313,480   
 4,446,968   
  169,965  
 92,247   
 6,067,018   

 $ 

54,460   
 1,337,488   
          4,467,106   
152,989   
 149,794   
     6,161,837   

 1,580,000   
 6,646,730   
  5,016,319   
 13,243,049   

 1,580,000   
  12,211,770   
 6,484,004   
     20,275,774    

 $   19,310,067       

 $  26,437,611   

 $ 

 1,766,592    
 260,000   
 80,627   
 438,120   
 684,953   
 931,125   
 4,161,417   

 249,526   
 779,536   
 1,304,960   
 2,461,126   
 4,795,148   

$ 

 2,841,950   
 1,355,000   
 23,070   
 536,480   
 614,564   
 1,145,185   
 6,516,249   

 74,327 
 802,819   
 1,268,623   
 2,600,910   
 4,746,679   

$ 

 8,956,565   

$  11,262,928   

  $   33,912,460     

 $  31,299,416   

 2,903,789   
 9,235,656   
 (35,698,403) 
$   10,353,502   

 2,903,789   
 8,048,315   
 (27,076,837) 
$  15,174,683   

TOTAL LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

 $   19,310,067     

$  26,437,611   

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 27)

On behalf of the Board:

(Signed) “William J. Gastle”
William J. Gastle
Director 

(Signed) “Cameron L. Groome”
cameron l. Groome
Director 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 16

Canadian Funds   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                        
 
                      
 
            
 
 
 
                       
 
                 
 
 
 
                     
 
                     
 
           
            
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
   
 
 
 
               
 
  
 
               
 
               
 
               
 
              
                        
 
 
 
 
                    
 
                    
 
                    
 
                       
                          
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
  
  
 
            
 
  
 
  
                          
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

For the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 

SALES 
     Antigen products and technologies  
     Royalties  
TOTAL SALES         

COST OF GOODS SOLD
     Antigen products and technologies (Notes 5, 17) 
     Royalties  
TOTAL COST OF GOODS SOLD  

GROSS MARGIN 

EXPENSES
     Selling and business development (Note 17) 
     General and administrative (Note 17) 
     Research and development (Note 17)  
     Financial expenses (Note 20) 

OPERATING LOSS BEFORE DEBT RESTRUCTURING,  
     SETTLEMENT EXPENSES AND IMPAIRMENT  
     OF ASSETS 

     Debt restructuring expense (Note 9) 
     Settlement expense (Note 28) 
     Impairment of long-term assets (Notes 7, 8) 

LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
     FOR THE YEAR, BEFORE INCOME  TAXES 

INCOME TAXES
     Deferred income taxes 
     Current income taxes 

NET LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
     FOR THE YEAR 

NET LOSS PER SHARE
     Basic (Note 16)  
     Diluted (Note 16)  

Canadian Funds

2018 

2017

$  12,191,357  
 319,201  
 12,510,558  

$    9,891,859 
  293,939 
 10,185,798 

 7,076,797  
 64,325  
 7,141,122  

  5,287,781 
  85,644 
  5,373,425 

 5,369,436  

 4,812,373 

 556,414  
 3,614,227  
 1,089,746  
 851,857  

 464,909 
  3,927,825 
  994,584 
  924,589 

 (742,808) 

  (1,499,534)

-          
 -          
 7,878,758  

  2,457,014  

 273,540      
 -            

 (8,621,566) 

 (4,230,088) 

-           
-         

 (450,000)
-        

$   (8,621,566)  $   (3,780,088) 

$ 
$ 

(0.090) 
(0.090) 

 $ 
 $ 

(0.045)
(0.045)

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 17

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
    
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net Loss for the Year 
Items not affecting cash  
    Amortization and depreciation (Note 17) 
    Accretion of debentures (Note 9) 
    Stock options and warrants expense (Note 15) 
    Share and warrant issuance for services (Notes 12, 13) 
    Debt restructuring expense (Note 9) 
    Deferred tax asset (Note 18) 
    Impairment of long-term assets (Notes 7, 8) 
Change in non-cash working capital balances (Note 19) 

Canadian Funds

2018 

2017

 $  (8,621,566)      $  (3,780,088) 

 690,078 
 161,934 
  458,525 
 99,969 
 -       
-       
7,878,758 
 (1,204,703) 

 510,159  
 198,560  
 485,086  
 -         
 2,379,776 
 (450,000)
-         
 953,554 

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES  

 (537,005) 

297,047 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

    Purchase of property, plant and equipment (Note 7)  
    Additions from internal development 
        of intangible assets (Note 8)  

CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

    Repayments of long-term debt (Note 10) 
    Proceeds from Equipment Loan (Note 10)        
    Repayments of convertible and 
        non-convertible debentures (Note 9) 
    Repayments of shareholders’ loans (Note 10)   
    Repayments of finance lease            
    Proceeds (repayments) of credit facility (Note 10)                
    Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants                
    Issue of common shares and warrants, net of issue costs  (Notes 12, 13) 

CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

NET CHANGE IN CASH - DURING THE YEAR 

CASH - BEGINNING OF YEAR 

CASH - END OF YEAR 

 (944,252) 

  (182,055)

 (273,747) 

 (458,695)

 (1,217,999) 

 (640,750)

 (362,050) 
 323,906 

 (340,106)
 -        

 (91,127) 
 (200,000) 
 (72,719) 
 (1,095,000) 
 104,608 
 3,137,283 

 (83,367)
-        
 (13,779)
 830,000 
 -        
 -        

 1,744,901  

 392,748 

$  

  (10,102)  $ 

 49,045 

 54,460 

 5,415  

$ 

 44,358 

$ 

 54,460 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 18

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
            
 
       
 
    
            
 
 
 
            
 
            
 
 
 
         
 
                 
 
 
 
  
 
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

As at September 30, 2018 and 2017 

 SHARE CAPITAL (Note 12) 
STATED 
NUMBER OF 
SHARES 
CAPITAL 

CONTRIBUTED 
SURPLUS 

DEFICIT 

Canadian Funds

EQUITY  
COMPONENT OF 
DEBENTURE 

TOTAL
  SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2016      84,704,257  $31,299,416    $4,937,649  $(23,296,749)  $2,351,425   $15,291,741 

Stock option expense 

Issuance of Warrants 
pursuant to refinancing of 
convertible debentures 

Conversion of a convertible 
debenture to a non-
convertible debenture 

Extinguishment of 
convertible debentures 

Refinancing of 
convertible debentures 

Net comprehensive 
loss for the year 

  485,086  

  245,860  

 485,086 

 245,860 

  86,680  

 (86,680) 

-      

  2,293,040  

 (2,264,745) 

28,295 

  2,903,789  

  2,903,789 

 (3,780,088) 

 (3,780,088)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2017      84,704,257    $31,299,416    $8,048,315   $(27,076,837)  $2,903,789   $15,174,683  

Stock option and warrant expense 

  458,525  

Share Issuance pursuant 
to Stock Options Exercised 

Share Issuance pursuant 
to Warrants Exercised 

Issue of Warrants pursuant to  
Private Placement 

 400,000  

 181,516  

 (77,516) 

1,815  

 811  

 (203) 

 743,905  

 120,328  

Issuance of Broker Warrants 

Share Issuance pursuant to  
Private Placement 

 11,666,633  

 2,756,085  

Share Issue Costs pursuant to  
Private Placement 

 (380,368) 

 (102,667) 

Share Issuance  
for Services 

Warrants Issuance  
for Services 

Net comprehensive 
loss for the year 

 200,000  

 55,000  

 44,969  

  458,525 

 104,000 

 608 

 743,905 

  120,328  

  2,756,085 

 (483,035) 

 55,000 

 44,969 

 (8,621,566) 

  (8,621,566)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2018      96,972,705    $33,912,460    $9,235,656    (35,698,403)  $2,903,789   $10,353,502  

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 19

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

1. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

Microbix  Biosystems  Inc.  (the  “Company”  or  “Microbix”),  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  Province  of  Ontario, 
develops and commercializes proprietary biological and technology solutions for human health and wellbeing.  Microbix 
manufactures a wide range of critical biological materials for the global diagnostics industry, notably antigens used in 
immunoassays or quality assessment and proficiency testing controls (the Antigen Business). 

Microbix has also applied its biological expertise and infrastructure to create proprietary new products or technologies. 
It has been working to commercialize two; (1) Kinlytic® urokinase, a biologic thrombolytic drug (used to dissolve blood 
clots), and (2) LumiSort™ cell-sorting, a technology platform for ultra-rapid and efficient sorting of particles that can be 
used to enrich cell populations of interest (such as sexing semen for the livestock industry). 

The registered office and principle place of business of the Company is located at 265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga, 

Ontario, L4Z 1P3.       

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The Company’s management prepared these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The Board of Directors 
approved these consolidated financial statements on December 20, 2018.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation 
of certain financial assets and financial liabilities to fair value. The consolidated financial statements are presented in 
Canadian dollars.

Basis of consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Crucible 
Biotechnologies Limited, over which the Company has control. Control exists when the entity is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
entity. The non-controlling interest component, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries is included in equity.

The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiary is prepared for the same reporting period as the Company, using 
consistent accounting policies. All intra-company balances, transactions, unrealized gains and losses resulting from intra-
company transactions and dividends are eliminated in full.

There  has  been  no  business  activity  in  the  subsidiary  during  the  years  ended  September  30,  2018  and  2017.  All 

significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of estimates and judgments 
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial 
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ 
from estimates and such differences could be material.

 20

Canadian Funds   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)   

Use of estimates and judgements (Continued)

Key areas of managerial judgements and estimates are as follows:  

i)   Property, plant and equipment:   
  Measurement of property, plant and equipment involves the use of estimates for determining the expected useful 
lives of depreciable assets.  Management’s judgement is also required to determine depreciation methods and an 
asset’s residual value and whether an asset is a qualifying asset for the purposes of capitalizing borrowing costs.

ii)  Internally generated intangible assets:
  Management  monitors  the  progress  of  each  internal  research  and  development  project.  Significant  judgement 
is required to distinguish between the research and development phases. Development costs are recognized as 
an asset when the following criteria are met: (i) technical feasibility; (ii) management’s intention to complete the 
project; (iii) the ability to use or sell; (iv) the ability to generate future economic benefits; (v) availability of technical 
and financial resources; (vi) ability to measure the expenditures reliably. Research costs are expensed as incurred. 
Management also monitors whether the recognition requirements for development assets continue to be met and 
whether there are any indicators that capitalized costs may be impaired.  The amortization period and amortization 
method for intangible assets are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.

iii) Financial assets and liabilities:
  Estimates and judgements are also made in the determination of fair value of financial assets and liabilities 
and  include  assumptions  and  estimates  regarding  future  interest  rates,  the  relative  creditworthiness  of  the 
Company to its counterparties, the credit risk of the Company’s counterparties relative to the Company, the 
estimated future cash flows and discount rates.

iv) Income taxes:
  The  Company  recognizes  deferred  tax  assets,  related  tax-loss  carry-forwards  and  other  deductible  temporary 
differences where it is probable that sufficient future taxable income can be generated in order to fully utilize such 
losses and deductions. This requires significant estimates and assumptions regarding future earnings, and the 
ability to implement certain tax planning opportunities in order to assess the likelihood of utilizing such losses 
and deductions.

v)  Fair value of share-based compensation:
  The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of 
the equity instruments at the date on which they are granted. Estimating fair value for share-based compensation 
transactions requires determining the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and 
conditions  of  the  grant.  This  estimate  also  requires  determining  the  most  appropriate  inputs  to  the  valuation 
model including the expected life of the share option, volatility, dividend yield and forfeiture rates and making 
assumptions about them. 

vi) Impairments:
  The  recoverable  amount  of  intangible  assets  and  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  based  on  estimates  and 

assumptions regarding the expected market outlook and cash flows from each CGU.

 21

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition
Revenues from product sales are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product is shipped, 
received  or  accepted  by  the  customer,  there  are  no  future  performance  obligations,  the  purchase  price  is  fixed  and 
determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.

Revenues from licensing are recognized when the service is rendered or the deliverables are substantially complete 

and other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Amounts the Company expects to earn over the next year are included in deferred revenue.  The term over which 
upfront  fees  are  recognized  is  revised  if  the  period  over  which  the  Company  maintains  substantive  contractual 
obligations changes.

Cash 
Cash  consists  of  cash  on  hand  and  deposits  with  banks  and  investments  in  highly  liquid  instruments  with  original 
maturities of three months or less. There are no cash equivalents held at September 30, 2018 or 2017.

Financial assets and liabilities
All  financial  instruments,  including  derivatives,  are  included  on  the  consolidated  statement  of  financial  position 
and  are  measured  either  at  fair  market  value  or,  in  limited  circumstances,  at  cost  or  amortized  cost.  Subsequent 
measurement  and  recognition  of  the  changes  in  fair  value  of  financial  instruments  depends  upon  their  initial 
classifications as follows: 

•  Held-for-trading  financial  assets,  measured  at  fair  value  with  subsequent  changes  in  fair  value  recognized  in 

current period net income;

•  Held-to-maturity assets, loans and receivables and other financial liabilities, initially measured at fair value and 

subsequently measured at amortized cost with changes recognized in current period net income; and

•  Available-for-sale  financial  assets,  measured  at  fair  value  with  subsequent  gains  or  losses  included  in  other 

comprehensive income until the asset is removed from the consolidated statements of financial position.

 22

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Financial assets and liabilities (Continued)

The following summarizes the Company’s classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities as at 
September 30:

Classification 

Measurement 

2018 

2017

Financial assets: 

Cash  
Accounts receivable 

Financial liabilities: 

Accounts payable and 
  accrued liabilities 
  Bank Indebtedness 
  Deferred revenue 

Finance lease obligation 
  Non-convertible debentures 
Convertible debentures 
Long-term-debt 
Total Financial liabilities 

Held-for-trading 
Loans and receivables 

Fair value  
Amortized cost  

$ 

 44,358   
 1,313,480  

 $ 

 54,460   
 1,337,488  

Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 
Other liabilities 

Amortized cost  
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost  

 $   1,766,592   
 260,000  
 931,125  
 330,153   
 1,184,014  
 1,585,435  
 2,899,246  
$   8,956,565   

$    2,841,950   
 1,355,000    
 1,145,185  
 97,398  
 1,170,117   
 1,515,888  
 3,137,390   
 $   11,262,928   

Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets or financial liabilities, 
other  than  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  through  profit  and  loss  (“FVTPL”),  are 
accounted for as part of the carrying amount of the respective asset or liability at inception.  Transaction costs related 
to financial instruments measured at amortized cost are amortized using the effective interest rate over the anticipated 
life of the related instrument.

Transaction costs on financial assets and financial liabilities measured at FVTPL are expensed in the period incurred.  
Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to the cash flows from financial assets expire or have 
been transferred.  All derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives, are recorded in the financial statements 
at fair value.

Inventories
Inventory is carried at the lower of cost and market. Cost consists of direct materials, direct labour and an overhead 
allocation and is determined on a first-in, first-out basis.  Market is defined as net realizable value, which is defined as the 
summation of the estimated selling price less the cost to complete less the cost to sell.  Management reviews its reserve 
for obsolete inventory at each reporting date for finished goods and work-in-process.

Property, plant and equipment
Property and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment (if any). Cost includes 
the cost of material, labour and other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for its 
intended use. 

Depreciation is calculated at rates which will reduce the original cost to estimated residual value over the estimated 

useful life of each asset. Depreciation commences once the asset is available for use.

 23

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Property, plant and equipment (Continued)

 Depreciation is provided for at the following basis and rates:

 Research and development equipment  
 Other equipment and fixtures  
 Buildings  

Declining balance, 10-100%
 Declining balance, 10-30%
 Straight line, 50 years

Land is not depreciated.  Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting 

date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Finance lease obligation
Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership of the asset to the Company are accounted 
for as finance leases.  At the time a finance lease is entered into, an asset is recorded together with its related long-term 
obligation, reflecting the fair value of future lease payments, discounted at the appropriate interest rates. Finance lease 
obligations are amortized over their estimated useful lives at the same rates used for other equipment and fixtures. All 
other leases are classified as operating leases and expensed on a straight-line basis.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets represent technology costs, patents and trademarks, and rights and licenses.  Each is recorded at cost 
and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements or over the useful life of the asset.  Amortization 
commences when the intangible asset is available for use. Intangible assets with definite lives but not yet available for use 
are assessed annually for impairment.

Impairment of long-lived assets
An impairment charge is recognized for long-lived assets, including intangible assets with definite lives, when an event 
or change in circumstances indicates that the assets’ carrying value may not be recoverable. The impairment loss is 
calculated  as  the  difference  between  the  carrying  value  of  the  asset  and  the  recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable 
amount is the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use. 

Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.  
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes 
a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset.  All 
other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred. 

Share-based compensation
The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation for awards granted to officers, 
directors and employees of the Company.  The fair value of the award at the time of granting is determined using the Black-
Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation expense over the vesting period with an offsetting amount 
recorded to contributed surplus.  Each tranche in an award is considered a separate award with its own vesting period and 
grant date fair value. 

Share options issued to consultants of the Company are based on the fair value of the services provided. The amount 
of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion of the options vested at that date.  
When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees or directors, together with the related amount in 
contributed surplus, is credited to share capital.  When an employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised 
within 90 days, or the options expire.  Any options that are unvested are reversed in the period that the employee leaves. No

 24

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Share-based compensation (Continued)
forfeiture rate is incorporated into the Company’s assumptions on awarding options.   To the extent actual forfeitures occur, 
share-based compensation related to these awards will be different from the Company’s estimate and are revised.

Foreign currency translation
For each entity, the Company determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each 
entity are measured using the functional currency, which represents the currency of the primary economic environment 
in which each entity operates.

Foreign currency denominated revenues and expenses are translated by use of the exchange rate in effect at the end of 
the month in which the transaction occurs. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at 
the year-end date. Exchange gains and losses arising on these transactions are included in the consolidated statements of 
loss and comprehensive loss for the year.

Income (loss) per common share
The Company calculates basic income per share amounts for profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders. Basic 
income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. 
Diluted income per share is calculated in the same manner as basic income per share except for adjusting the profit or 
loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the effects of all 
dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Deferred taxes
Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences  attributable  to 
differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. 
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available 
against which temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax 
rates  expected  to  be  in  effect  when  the  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The  effects  of 
changes in income tax rates are reflected in deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate changes are 
substantively enacted, with a corresponding charge to income.  The amount of deferred tax assets recognized is limited to 
the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and development expenses
Costs associated with research and development activities are expensed during the year in which they are incurred net of 
tax credits earned, except where product development costs meet the criteria under IFRS for deferral and amortization.  

Investment tax credits
The Company is entitled to Canadian federal and provincial investment tax credits which are earned as a percentage of 
eligible research and development expenditures incurred in each taxation year. Investment tax credits are accounted for 
as a reduction of the related expenditure for items of a current nature and a reduction of the related asset cost for items of 
a long-term nature. These credits are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable 
profits against which to utilize the benefits of the credits in the foreseeable future.

 25

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

4. ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED

Certain new standards, interpretations, amendments and improvements to existing standards were issued by the IASB 
or IFRS Interpretation Committee (“IFRIC”) that are mandatory at certain dates or later.  Management is still assessing 
the effects of the pronouncements on the Company.  The standards impacted that may be applicable to the Company 
are following:

IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS“) was issued in final form by the IASB in July 2014 and will replace IAS 39 Financial 
Instruments:  Recognition  and  Measurement.  IFRS  9  uses  a  single  approach  to  determine  whether  a  financial  asset  is 
measured at amortized cost or fair value, replacing the multiple rules in IAS 39. The approach in IFRS 9 is based on how an 
entity manages its financial instruments in the context of its business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics 
of the financial assets.

Most requirements in IAS 39 for classification and measurement of financial liabilities were carried forward unchanged 
to  IFRS  9.  The  new  standard  also  requires  a  single  impairment  method  be  used,  replacing  the  multiple  impairment 
methods in IAS 39. IFRS 9 also includes requirements relating to a new hedge accounting model, which represents a 
substantial overhaul of hedge accounting that will allow entities to better reflect their risk management activities in the 
financial statements.

The  most  significant  improvements  apply  to  those  that  hedge  non-financial  risk,  and  so  these  improvements  are 
expected  to  be  of  particular  interest  to  non-financial  institutions.  In  addition,  a  single,  forward-looking  expected  loss 
impairment model is introduced, which will require more timely recognition of expected credit losses. IFRS 9 is effective for 
annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. Earlier application is permitted.

The Company has assessed the impact of IFRS 9 on the consolidated financial statements and has determined that the 
adoption of IFRS 9 will enhance disclosures, but will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers
IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”) was issued by the IASB in May 2014.  The core principle 
of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in 
amounts that reflect the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or 
services.  The new standard will also result in enhanced disclosures for revenue, provide guidance for transactions 
that were not previously addressed comprehensively (for example, service revenue and contract modifications) and 
improve guidance for multiple-element arrangements. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning 
on  or  after  January  1,  2018.  Earlier  application  is  permitted.  IFRS  15  supersedes  the  following  standards:  IAS  11 
Construction  Contracts,  IAS  18  Revenue,  IFRIC  13  Customer  Loyalty  Programmes,  IFRIC  15  Agreements  for  the 
Construction of Real Estate, IFRIC 18 Transfers of Assets from Customers, and SIC-31 Revenue - Barter Transactions 
Involving Advertising Services. 

The Company has not identified any significant differences in the timing or recognition of revenues as a result of IFRS 15.  
The Company continues to assess the impact of required disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

IFRS 16, Leases
On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, which outlines requirements for lessees to recognize assets and liabilities 
for most leases. Lessees are required to recognize the lease liability for the obligations to make lease payments and a 
right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liability is measured at the present 
value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at the amount 
of the lease liability and adjusted for prepayments, direct costs and incentives received.

The  new  standard  will  be  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019.  Early  recognition  is 
permitted, provided the new revenue standard, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, has been applied, or is 
applied at the same date as IFRS 16. The Company has commenced a review process to assess any impact on its current 
revenue recognition policies and reporting processes.

 26

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

4. ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED (Continued)

IFRS 2, Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”)
In June 2016, the IASB issued final amendments to IFRS 2, clarifying how to account for certain types of share-based 
payment transactions. The amendments, which were developed through the IFRS Interpretations Committee, provide 
requirements on the accounting for: (i) the effect of vesting and non-vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-
settled  share-based  payments;  (ii)  share-based  payment  transactions  with  a  net  settlement  feature  for  withholding 
tax  obligations;  and  (iii)  a  modification  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  a  share-based  payment  that  changes  the 
classifications of the transaction from cash-settled to equity-settled. The effective date for this standard is for reporting 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted.

The  Company  has  completed  the  review  process  to  assess  the  impact  and  application  of  the  aforementioned 

amendments and has determined it will have no impact on the Company.

IFRIC 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration
In 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration (“IFRIC 22”) 
which  provides  requirements  about  which  exchange  rate  to  use  in  reporting  foreign  currency  transactions  (such  as 
revenue transactions) when payment is made or received in advance. IFRIC 22 is effective for annual periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. On initial application, entities have the option to apply either 
retrospectively or prospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of adopting these amendments 
on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories as at September 30 consist of the following:

Raw material 
Work in process 
Finished goods 

$ 

2018 
 488,060   
 1,679,926   
 2,278,982  
  $   4,446,968   

 $ 

2017
 379,661   
  1,593,158  
 2,494,287 
 $   4,467,106  

During the year ended September 30, 2018, inventories in the amount of $7,051,611 (2017 - $5,287,781) were 

recognized as an expense through cost of sales. The allowance for inventory impairment as at September 30, 2018 was 
$55,747 (2017 - $30,561).

6. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other assets as at September 30, 2018 were $169,985 (2017 - $152,989), consisting of insurance 
policy premiums, deposits for trade shows and other prepaid amounts.

 27

Canadian Funds    
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

7. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

The freehold land and buildings have been pledged as security for bank loans under a mortgage (see Note 10). Property, 
plant and equipment consists of:

Building 

Research &  
Development  
Equipment 

Other 
Equipment  
 and Fixtures 

Land 

Total

COST 

Balance, as at Sept 30, 2016             4,562,383  
        Additions  
 2,996  
                -        
        Disposals 

 6,794,312  
 145,420  
-         

 4,472,883  
 132,157   
-         

 800,000  
 -         
            -        

 16,629,578   
 280,573   
 -         

Balance, as at Sept 30, 2017  
        Additions  
       Impairment 

  4,565,379  
  357,654  
                -        

 6,939,732  
 147,637  
  (6,586,660) 

 4,605,040  
 744,435   
-         

 800,000  
 -         
            -        

 16,910,151  
 1,249,726   
 (6,586,660)

Balance, Sept 30, 2018  

    4,923,033  

 500,709  

 5,349,475  

 800,000  

 11,573,217  

ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION 
Balance, as at Sept 30, 2016           1,095,112  
                     152,420  
        Depreciation 
                                    -        
        Disposals 

 559,099  
 23,869  
-          

 2,723,383  
 144,498   
      -          

Balance, as at Sept 30, 2017   
        Depreciation 
        Impairment 

   1,247,532  
                 159,266  
                                    -        

 582,968  
 20,662  
 (180,276) 

 2,867,881   
 228,453   
      -          

 -         
 -        
            -        

 -        
 -        
            -        

 4,377,594  
320,787   
-         

 4,698,381   
 408,382   
 (180,276) 

Balance, Sept 30, 2018  

 1,406,798  

 423,354  

 3,096,334  

 -        

 4,926,487 

NET BOOK VALUE 

    Balance, Sept 30, 2016 
    Balance, Sept 30, 2017 
    Balance, Sept 30, 2018 

   3,467,271  
 3,317,847  
   $3,516,234  

 6,235,213  
 6,356,764  
 $77,355  

 1,749,500  
 1,737,159  
 $2,253,141  

 800,000  
 800,000  
 $800,000  

 12,251,984 
 12,211,770 
 $6,646,730 

As  of  September  30,  2018,  the  Company  determined  that  the  Lumisort  related  research  and  development 

equipment that was classified as not yet available for use was impaired.  See note 8 for discussion.

 28

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS   

Intangible assets are depreciated on a straight line basis at the following rates:

License agreement, LumiSort™ (Note 8a) 
Technology investments: 
   LumiSort™ (Note 8a) 
   Kinlytic® (Note 8b) 
   Bioreactor (Note 8c) 

Intangible assets consist of:

5%

5%
0%
7%

Capitalized 
Development Costs 

Patents and Trademarks   

Licenses

LumiSort™  
(a) 

Bioreactor 
(c) 

Kinlytic® 
(b) 

LumiSort™  
(a) 

LumiSort™  
(a)

Total

COST 

    Balance, as at September 30, 2016 
      Additions from internal developments 

  30,532  
  -       

 2,000,975  
 87,600  

2,770,529  
 308,057  

 2,041,777  
 73,459  

 278,528  
 -        

 7,122,341
 469,116 

Balance, as at September 30, 2017 
      Additions from internal developments 
      Impairment (a) 

   30,532  
  -       
 (30,532) 

 2,088,575  
-          
 -          

 3,078,586  
 -        
 -        

 2,115,236  
 286,384   
 (2,401,620) 

 278,528  
-        
 (278,528) 

 7,591,457 
 286,384 
 (2,710,680)

Balance, as it September 30, 2018 

  -       

 2,088,575  

 3,078,586  

 -         

 -         

 5,167,161 

ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION 

    Balance, as at September 30, 2016 
      Amortization expense  

    Balance, as at September 30, 2017 
      Amortization expense  
      Impairment (a) 

   5,757  
 991  

  6,748  
 951  
 (7,699) 

 -          
 11,603  

 11,603  
 139,238  
-          

 -        
 -        

 -        
 -        
-        

 676,646  
 155,352  

 235,676  
 21,426  

 918,079 
 189,372 

831,998  
 120,079  
 (952,077) 

257,102  
 21,426  
 (278,528) 

 1,107,451 
 281,694 
 (1,238,304)

Balance, as at September 30, 2018 

 -       

 150,842  

  -        

 -         

 -         

 150,842 

NET BOOK VALUE

  24,775  
    Balance, as at September 30, 2016 
  23,784  
    Balance, as at September 30, 2017 
    Balance, as at September 30, 2018    $        -       

 2,000,975  
 2,076,972  
 $1,937,733  

 2,770,529  
 3,078,586  
 $3,078,586  

 1,365,131  
 1,283,238  
$           -         

 42,852  
 21,426  
$       -         

 6,204,262 
 6,484,006 
$5,016,319

At each reporting date, the Company is required to assess its long-lived assets for potential indicators of impairment. 
If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset or cash generating unit 
(“CGU”)  and  compares  it  to  the  carrying  value.    In  addition,  irrespective  of  whether  there  is  any  indication  of 
impairment, the Company is required to test long-lived assets with definite lives which are not yet available for use 
at least annually.

 29

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

a) Lumisort™
The  Company  acquired  a  license  agreement  from  Sequent  Biotechnologies  Inc.  (“Sequent”),  a  biotechnology 
company  solely  involved  in  the  development  and  commercialization  of  the  LumiSort™  technology  under  license. 
Subsequent to the acquisition, the Company continued to incur new intellectual property with the issue of patents 
has resulted from this research program, as well as the cost incurred for the research and development equipment 
that is not yet available for use. 

The Company has assessed that it cannot fund the development of LumiSort™ assets in a timely manner and 
that licensing terms may not adequately support its continued value.  The decision was therefore made to write-
down all of the LumiSort™ related assets, including the original investment, capitalized research and development 
equipment, prototype costs and patent related costs.   

b) Kinlytic®
The Company acquired the assets and rights pertaining to development, production, and licensing of Kinlytic® from 
ImaRX Therapeutics, Inc. in 2008.  The asset is not yet available for use, accordingly no amortization has been recorded.
The recoverable amount of the Kinlytic® intangible has been determined based on its fair value less cost to sell. 

This estimate uses risk-adjusted cash flow projections based on financial budgets. 

Management made these assumptions based on probabilities of technical, regulatory and clinical acceptances 
and financial support. Management believes that any reasonably-possible change in the key assumptions on which 
the  recoverable  amount  is  based  would  not  cause  the  carrying  amount  to  exceed  its  recoverable  amount.  The 
discount rate has been determined based on the Company’s best estimate of a risk adjusted discount rate.

c) Bioreactor
The  Company  has  internally  developed  an  improved  bioreactor  production  process  (“Bioreactor”)  to  increase 
the efficiency and output of manufacturing certain Antigen products.   

 30

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

9. DEBENTURES   

The Company has convertible and non-convertible debentures issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2018. The 
carrying values of the debt component of these debentures are as follows: 

 Non-convertible  
 Debentures 
 (a) 

(b) 

 Total Non-convertible 
 Debentures  

Convertible Debentures 
(d) 

(c) 

(e)

Total Convertible
Debentures

Date of issue 
Face value 

Jan, 2014 
 $ 2,000,000   

Apr, 2017 
500,000     

$ 

 $  2,500,000  

Oct, 2016 
$  1,500,000  

Oct, 2016 

 $ 

500,000    $ 

Oct, 2016 
2,500,000   

 $  4,500,000   

Liability component at 
   the date of issue 

   928,373 

 268,955  

-        

461,550  

 223,050  

 780,750  

Balance, September 30, 2017 
   Accretion 
   Repayments 
Balance, September 30, 2018 

   894,955 
  75,312  
 (91,127)  
     879,140  

 275,162  
 29,712  
 -        
 304,874  

 1,170,117  
105,024  
  (91,127) 
 1,184,014  

   470,692  
 12,637  
-        
483,329  

 247,265  
 33,210  
 -        
 280,475  

 797,931  
 23,700  
 -       
 821,631  

   1,515,888 
69,547  
-      
 1,585,435  

   Less: current portion 
   Non-current portion 
Balance, September 30, 2018 

  99,604  
 779,536  
 879,140   

  $ 

 304,874  
 -        
 304,874   

 404,478  
779,536  
 $     1,184,014    

 -         
 483,329  
   483,329 

 $ 

 $ 

 280,475  
 -        
 280,475 

 $ 

 $ 

 -        
 821,631  
 821,631 

280,475  
   1,304,960  
 $   1,585,435

Equity component at September 30, 2018  
    and 2017 

Conversion price  
per common share  

 -       

- 

- 

-      

 574,435   

 631,222  

 1,698,132  

    2,903,789 

 $ 

- 

 $ 

-  

$  0.23  

 $ 

0.23  

$ 

0.23 

Effective interest rate charged 
Payment frequency 
Maturity of financial instrument 
Stated interest rate 
Terms of repayment 

Blended quarterly repayment 

25.69% 
Quarterly 
Jan, 2029 
9% 
Principal 
and interest 
61,071  
$ 

30.20% 
Quarterly 
Apr, 2022 
12% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

31.07% 
Quarterly 
Jan, 2029 
9% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

30.20% 
Quarterly 
Feb, 2022 
9% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

30.85%
Quarterly
Sep, 2028
9%
Interest
only
N/A 

As  discussed  in  note  10,  the  Company  arranged  a  new  secured  revolving  credit  facility  jointly  with  The  Toronto-
Dominion Bank (“TD Bank”) and Export Development Canada (“EDC”).  To accommodate the additional security required 
by TD Bank and EDC, effective October 12, 2016, the Company negotiated amended terms with the holders of its issued 
and  outstanding  convertible  debentures.  With  the  exception  of  debenture  (a)  above,  all  the  other  debentures  were 
amended in exchange for reducing their security position to one of unlimited subordination to the credit facility lenders.
The  $2,500,000 debenture, (e) above, maturing in 2028 was originally convertible at $0.65 per common share, and the 
$1,500,000 debenture, (c) above, maturing in 2029 was originally convertible at $0.35 per common share. The conversion 
price for both of these debentures were amended to $0.23 per common share, and these debentures are now subject to 
restricted conversion privileges of a combined total of 1 million shares per year for the next five years, with the remaining 
balances being eligible for conversion through the end of their expiry dates in 2028 and 2029, respectively.

 31

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

9. DEBENTURES (Continued)  

 The two $500,000 debentures, (b) and (d) above, were originally convertible at $0.90 per common share and matured 
on October 12, 2016 and February 15, 2017, respectively. The first $500,000 debenture, (b) above was  modified to extend 
its maturity date to April 30, 2017 and was modified to become non-convertible. In addition, the stated interest rate was 
modified from 9% to 12% for the remaining term (see paragraph below for further details on this debenture). The second 
$500,000 debenture, (d) above, were modified to extend its maturity date to February 15, 2022, and the conversion price 
were modified from $0.90 to $0.23 per common share. The debenture is now callable at the option of the holder at any 
time after February 15, 2017 for outstanding principal and accrued interest. In addition, the debenture holder of both 
$500,000 debentures (b) and (d) received 1.5 million common share purchase warrants, with an exercise price of $0.23 
per common share and a term of five years.

The  Company  has  accounted  for  the  modifications  to  each  of  the  debentures  as  an  extinguishment  with  the 
recognition  of  a  new  instrument.  Upon  extinguishment  of  the  debentures,  the  Company  has  recognized  a  non-cash 
loss of $2,379,776 in the 2017 comprehensive consolidated statement of loss. The Company measured the non-cash 
loss based on the change in fair value of the debentures under the original and modified terms. In addition, a value of 
$245,860 were ascribed to warrants issued at the time of the grant.  The value is determined using the Black-Scholes 
option pricing model, which is affected by the Company’s share price as well as assumptions regarding a number of 
subjective variables.

On April 28, 2017, the Company announced it has reached an agreement with one of its debenture holders to extend 
the  maturity  date  on  the  $0.5  million  non-convertible  debenture  set  to  mature  on  April  30,  2017,  (b)  above,  to  April 
30,  2022.  The  debenture  is  callable  at  the  option  of  the  holder  upon  sixty  days  written  notice  to  the  Company.  The 
Company has accounted for the modifications to each of the debentures as an extinguishment with the recognition of 
a new instrument. Upon extinguishment of the debenture, the Company recognized a non-cash gain of $202,750 in the 
consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income. In addition, as part of the amendment, the Company 
amended the terms of 300,000 outstanding common share purchase warrants held by the debenture holder.  The terms 
of the warrants were modified to extend the life of the warrants from August 21, 2019 to August 21, 2022 and modify the 
exercise price from $0.55 to $0.25 per share. The modification of the debenture was accounted for as an extinguishment 
with recognition of a new instrument.  In addition, the modification of the warrants resulted in a non-cash loss of $28,295.
The debentures denoted as (a), (c), and (e) above are secured against the real property and the personal property 
of the Company including, without limiting the foregoing, a registered second mortgage on the property at 265 Watline 
Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, in favour of the holder, its successors and assigns subordinate only to indebtedness to a 
Canadian chartered bank or similar financial institution on normal commercial terms up to their maximum principal. 
The debentures denoted as (b) and (d) are secured by a subordinated security agreement covering all of the Company’s 
property and assets.

Convertible  debentures  contain  two  components:  liability  and  equity  elements.  The  equity  element  is  presented 
in equity under the heading of “equity component of debentures”. Convertible debentures are initially accounted for 
in  accordance  with  their  substance  and  are  presented  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  their  component 
parts measured at the time of issue. The debt components were valued first with the residual to shareholders’ equity. 
The convertible debentures are convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into fully paid and non-assessable 
common shares of the Company at the conversion price then in effect.

All of the debentures were issued to shareholders of the Company. A holder of a debenture has an economic interest 
in future earnings of the Lumisort asset and will receive a distribution equal to 10% of any future earnings that are derived 
from the Lumisort asset. Over the term of the convertible debentures, the debt components will be accreted to the face 
value of the debentures by the recording of additional interest expense using the effective interest rate, as detailed above.

 32

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

10. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT

a)  The Company has term loans with the Business Development Bank (“BDC”) for a variety of purposes.  The following 

summarizes these loans as at September 30, 2018:

Term Loans with the Business 
Development Bank (“BDC”) 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

Total 

Effective date of loan 
Initial Loan Amount 

Jun, 2008 
 $   3,000,000 

Oct, 2014 
 615,000   

$ 

Oct, 2015 
$  50,000  

Oct, 2015 
$  200,000  

Nov, 2015 
$  250,000  

Jul, 2015
 323,906 

$ 

$  4,438,906  

Balance, September 30, 2017 

    2,268,700  

   348,500  

28,080  

   129,870  

   162,240  

-         

 2,937,390   

       Proceeds from loan 
       Loan repayments during the period 

 -         
 (111,120) 

- 
   (123,000) 

-  
(12,480) 

-  
(39,960) 

-  
(49,920) 

   323,906   
(25,570)  

  323,906
   (362,050)

Balance, September 30, 2018 

  $  2,157,580 

 $  225,500 

 $  15,600 

 $ 

89,910 

 $  112,320 

 $ 

298,336  $ 2,899,246

Current Portion 
Non-current portion 

$ 
  111,120  
    2,046,460  

 $  123,000  
   102,500  

 $  12,480  
3,120  

 $ 

39,960  
49,950  

 $ 

49,920  
62,400  

 $  101,640 
   196,696 

 $  438,120  
 2,461,126

Payment frequency 
Maturity of loan 
Terms of repayment 

  Monthly 
  Feb, 2038 
  Principal 
  and interest  and interest  and interest  and interest 

Monthly 
Dec, 2019 
Principal 

Monthly 
Dec, 2020 
Principal 

Monthly 
Jul, 2020 
Principal 

Monthly 
Dec, 2020 
Principal 
and interest 

Monthly 
Sep, 2021 
Principal
and interest 

Notes: 

(a)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing facility and building improvements. 
(b)  Loan for the purchase of equipment for our bioreactor project 
(c)  Loan for the purchase of building improvements. 
(d)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing equipment   
(e)  Working Capital loan 
(f)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing equipment 

All BDC loans have a floating interest rate based on BDC’s floating base rate plus 0.5% - 1.8%. At September 30, 

2018, the floating base rate was 5.8% (2017 – 5.3%).  The loans are secured with the building and equipment.

  As at September 30, 2018, the commitments for the next five fiscal years and thereafter for the BDC loans is as follows:

2019   
2020  
2021  
2022  
2023  
2024 and thereafter  

$ 

Amount 
 438,120    
 408,260  
228,645 
111,120 
111,120 
$  1,601,981 

On October 20, 2016, the Company arranged a new revolving line of credit agreement with its Canadian chartered 
bank.  That agreement allowed the Company to draw on to a limit of $1,000,000 bearing interest at the bank’s prime 
lending rate plus 2.25%. This credit facility was implemented in November 2016, replacing the Company’s previous 
credit facility of $0.5 million. Accounts receivable and inventory were pledged as collateral for the bank credit facility.  
On April 28, 2017, the Company received approval from its Chartered Bank to increase the borrowing limit on its 

credit facility to $1.5 million. The newly expanded credit facility was available on May 4, 2017. 

As at September 30, 2018 the Company had drawn on $260,000 of the facility (2017 - $1,355,000).

 33

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

10. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT (Continued)

b)  On  September  12,  2017,  the  Company  issued  two  outstanding  shareholder  interest  bearing  loans  for  total 

proceeds of $200,000. These loans were repaid on October 23, 2017.

c)  On May 3, 2017, the Company signed an agreement with Business Development Corporation for a new equipment 
credit facility in the amount of $610,000. On July 4, 2018 the Company received funds in the amount of $323,906, 
drawn on this facility.

11. DEFERRED REVENUE

As at September 30, 2018, the Company has received payment, in the amount of $931,125 (2017 - $1,145,185), for a 
portion of product sales which was not yet shipped. This amount has been recognized as deferred revenue under the 
current liabilities in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

12. SHARE CAPITAL

The  Company  is  authorized  to  issue  an  unlimited  number  of  common  shares  with  no  par  value  and  an  unlimited 
number of preference shares with no par value.

On October 18, 2017 and October 26, 2017 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed a private placement 
offering of an aggregate of 11,666,633 units for total gross proceeds of $3,499,990, net proceeds of $3,137,283 after 
share issuance costs of $362,707. Each unit consists of one common share of Microbix and one half of a common 
share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase one additional common share at an 
exercise price of $0.36 for three years.   Fair value of the common share purchase warrants was determined to be $ 
1,102,144.  Gross proceeds were allocated to common shares and common share purchase warrants in the amount 
of $ 2,756,085 and $ 743,905 respectively.  The financing was brokered. Cash commissions of $226,729 were paid and 
an aggregate of 755,764 Broker’s Warrants were issued in the private placement offering.  Fair value of the broker 
warrants was determined to be $120,328 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The volatility of the stock 
for  the  Black-Scholes  options  pricing  model  was  based  on  5-year  historic  volatility  of  the  Company’s  stock  price 
on the Toronto Stock Exchange (86%), a risk free rate of interest of 1.45% based upon the two year Government of 
Canada Bond Yield at the date of the award of the Broker’s warrants and a two year term.  Management believes that 
the historic stock volatility provides a fair and appropriate basis of estimate for the expected future volatility of the 
stock.  Each Broker’s Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one unit at a price of $0.335 for a period of two years.  
All securities issued under the private placement will be subject to a holding period, expiring four months and one 
day from the date of closing. 

During 2018, the Company issued 200,000 shares at a price of $0.275 and 250,000 warrants at an exercise price 
of  $0.30  as  partial  compensation  for  a  consulting  agreement.    The  transaction  was  measured  at  the  fair  value  of 
the common shares issued and warrants awarded, as the fair value of the services provided could not be measured 
reliably.    The  number  of  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares  and  the  stated  capital  of  the  Company  as  at 
September 30, 2018 are presented below: 

Balance, as at September 30, 2017 
Issued on private placement 
Issued for services 
Exercise of Warrants 
Exercise of stock options 

Number  
of Shares  

 84,704,257  
 11,666,633  
 200,000  
 1,815  
 400,000  

Stated
Capital

 $  31,299,416  
 2,375,717 
 55,000 
 811  
 181,516  

Balance, as at September 30, 2018 

 96,972,705  

 $  33,912,460  

 34

Canadian Funds   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

13. CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS

Changes in contributed surplus up to September 30, 2018 are described as follows:

Balance, as at September 30, 2016 

 Issuance of Warrants pursuant to refinancing of convertible debentures 
 Reclassification of equity portion of a convertible debenture converted
     to a non-convertible debenture 
 Extinguishment of convertible debenture 
 Stock options expensed 

Balance, as at September 30, 2017 

Share Issuance pursuant to Stock Options Exercised 

       Share Issuance pursuant to Warrants Exercised 
      Issuance of Warrants pursuant to Private Placement 

Issuance of Broker Warrants pursuant to Private Placement 
Issuance of Warrants for Services 

       Share warrants issue costs pursuant to Private Placement 

Stock options expensed 

Balance, as at September 30, 2018 

14. COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS

$   4,937,649  

 245,860  

 86,680  
  2,293,040  
 485,086  

$   8,048,315   

(77,516) 
 (203)
 743,905  
 120,328   
 44,969 
   (102,667)
   458,525   
 $   9,235,656      

A continuity of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 is presented 
in the following table:

Weighted
average 
exercise
price

Units 

Outstanding, September 30, 2016 
       Issued 
      Exercised 
      Expired 
Outstanding, September 30, 2017 
       Issued 
      Exercised 
      Expired 
Balance, September 30, 2018 

  7,024,392  
1,500,000  

 $  0.54        
 $  0.23 
-
$  0.25
 $  0.48        
 $  0.36 
 (1,815)   $   0.34

- 
(193,079) 
  8,331,313  
 6,839,081  

- 

 15,168,579  

-  
 $  0.40  

 35

Canadian Funds   
    
 
   
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

14. COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS  (Continued)

A summary of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 is presented in the 
following table:

September 30, 2018 

  September 30, 2017

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

 4,949,763   
 10,218,816   
 15,168,579  

 $ 

 $ 

0.55  
0.33  
0.40  

 1.24  
 2.37  
 2.00  

6,531,313  
 1,800,000  
8,331,313  

 $  0.55  
   0.23  
 $  0.48  

 2.18 
 3.65  
 2.50  

Range of exercise prices: 

$0.47 to $0.55 
$0.23 to $0.46 

15. STOCK OPTION PLAN

On March 28, 2018 the shareholders of the Company approved a resolution to amend the Company’s stock option 
plan.  This amendment changed the total number of common shares available to be issued under the plan from a 
maximum of 12,000,000 common shares to a rolling maximum of 10% of issued and outstanding common shares.  
Under the plan as at September 30, 2018, the Company has a total of 5,590,000 options (2017 – 6,470,000)  issued and 
pending and is eligible to issue up to a total of 9,697,270 options. 

The exercise price of each option equals no less that the market price at the date immediately preceding the date 
of the grant. In general, options issued under the plan vest and are exercisable in equal amounts in three steps, at 
the issue date and at the anniversary date in the subsequent two years.  Management does not expect any remaining 
unvested stock options at the year-end to be forfeited before they vest.

The activity under the Company’s stock option plan for the year ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:

Outstanding, September 30, 2016 
     Stock options exercised 
     Stock options expired or forfeited 
     Stock options issued 

Outstanding, September 30, 2017 
     Stock options exercised 
     Stock options forfeited 
     Stock options issued 
Balance, September 30, 2018 

Exercisable, September 30, 2018 

 36

Weighted average  
exercise  price

Units 

 4,007,000  
3,220,000 
 (757,000) 
 -  

 6,470,000  
(400,000) 
 (480,000) 
 -  

5,590,000  

  3,523,458  

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

0.47
0.28      
 0.54  
-

0.39
0.26      
 0.54  
-
0.39 

0.39 

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
  
 
  
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

15. STOCK OPTION PLAN  (Continued)

The  exercise  price  of  each  option  equals  the  closing  market  price  of  the  Company’s  capital  stock  on  the  day 
preceding  the  grant  date.    The  following  table  reflects  the  number  of  options,  their  weighted  average  price  and 
the weighted average remaining contract life for the options grouped by price range as of September 30, 2018 and 
September 30, 2017:

September 30, 2018 

  September 30, 2017 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number   
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

 2,440,000     
 3,150,000    
 5,590,000     

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

0.54  
 0.28  
  0.39   

 2.33   
 4.18  
 3.41  

  2,920,000  
 3,550,000  
 6,470,000    

 $   0.54 
 $  0.27 
 $  0.39  

 3.00  
4.33 
 3.73 

Range of exercise prices: 
$0.54 
$0.23 to $0.28 

Stock options are assumed to be exercised at the end of the option’s life, as management believes the probability 
of an early exercise is remote. During the period, the fair value of the options vested in the year were expensed and 
credited to contributed surplus.  During the year, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of 
$458,525 (2017 - $485,086).    

 37

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

16. INCOME PER SHARE

Basic income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted income 
per share reflects the dilutive effect of the exercise of stock options, warrants and convertible debt. The following 
table reconciles the net income and the number of shares for the basic and diluted loss per share computations: 

For the years ended September 30 

2018 

2017

Numerator for basic income per share: 
     Net loss available to common shareholders 

Denominator for basic income (loss) per share: 
     Weighted average common shares outstanding 
     Effect of dilutive securities:
        Warrants   
        Stock Options 
        Convertible debentures 

$     (8,621,566) 

$     (3,780,088)  

 96,198,810  

 84,704,257   

   -  
 - 
-  

 294,624 
 21,792 
- 

Denominator for diluted net loss per share 

 96,198,810  

 82,020,673   

    Net loss per share: 
        Basic    
        Diluted 

($0.090) 
($0.090) 

($0.045) 
($0.045) 

The following represents the warrants, stock options and convertible debentures not included in the calculation 
of diluted EPS due to their anti-dilutive impact:

Pursuant to warrants   
Under stock options 
Pursuant to convertible debentures 

2018 

15,168,579 
5,590,000 
19,565,217 
40,323,796 

2017

8,036,689
6,448,208
19,565,217
34,050,114

 38

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

17. EXPENSES BY NATURE

The  Company  has  chosen  to  present  its  consolidated  statements  of  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  based  on  the 
functions of the entity and include the following expenses by nature:

Depreciation and amortization

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   General and administrative expenses 
   Reasearch and development 
Total depreciation and amortization  

2018 

2017 

$ 

 $ 

 526,958   
 951   
 162,169   
  690,078   

 $ 

 $ 

  308,521    
 991  
 200,647      
 510,159    

Amortization expense included within cost of goods sold includes amortization of Bioreactor development costs 
that were capitalized in previous years and began amortization at the beginning of fiscal 2018.

Employee costs

Included in: 
   Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
   Share based payments 
Total employee costs   

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   Research and development 
   General and administrative expenses 
   Selling and business development 
Total employee costs   

2018 

2017 

 $   5,797,619   
 180,121    
    5,977,740   

 $   5,011,506   
 290,962       
    5,302,468     

$   3,222,526   
 788,367   
    1,551,893   
 414,954   
 $   5,977,740   

 $   2,764,397   
 786,305   
    1,408,859   
 342,907   
 $   5,302,468   

Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits in 2018, fully includes CEO salary that had been reflected in consulting 
costs in the previous year.

 39

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
  
 
         
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
              
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
    
 
 
 
     
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
          
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
   
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

18. INCOME TAXES 

Provision based on combined federal and provincial
    statutory rates of 25.00 % (2017 – 25.00%)  
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
    Non deductible expenses 
    Non deductible expenses 
    Non deductible expenses 
    Adjustments to prior years’ tax returns 
 Current income tax expense 

2018 

2017 

 $  (2,155,391) 

 $ 

(945,022)  

2,076  
 125,874  
 2,098,271  
 (70,830) 
 -     

552 
121,272 
(22,903) 
 396,101   
(450,000)    

The  Company  has  unclaimed  research  and  development  expenses,  research  and  development  investment  tax 
credits and accumulated losses for income tax purposes. Certain of these credits have been recognized to the extent 
that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable income against which to utilize the benefits of the credits in 
the foreseeable future.

The accumulated non-capital losses may be used to reduce taxable income in future years and must be claimed 

no later than September 30:

2031 
2032 
2037 

$

 1,029,000 
 1,223,000 
132,000 
2,384,000     

The significant components of deferred income tax assets are summarized as follows:

Deferred income tax assets: 
    Non-capital loss carry-forwards 
    Difference in net book value compared to undepreciated capital cost 
    Deferred financing fees and other reserves 
    Unclaimed research and development expenses 
Deferred income tax liability related to debentures 
Tax assets not recognized 
Deferred tax assets 

2018 

2017

 $ 

595,897   
2,606,720  
95,811  
 3,908,332  
 (965,644) 
 (6,241,116) 

- 

$ 

780,350 
 529,057 
 18,028 
 3,864,446 
 (1,009,781) 
 (4,182,100)

-

In fiscal 2018 the Company incurred $362,707 of share issuance costs recorded directly to equity and which will 
be deducted from taxable income at $72,541 over five years.  The deferred tax asset for this transaction has not 
been recognized.

 40

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

18. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The unclaimed research and development investment tax credits may be carried forward and used to reduce federal 
income taxes.  These must be claimed no later than September 30:

2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2029 
2030 
2031 
2032 
2033 
2034 
2035 
2036 
2037 
2038 

The associated tax benefits relating to the unclaimed credits are as follows:

Unclaimed research and development tax credits 
Tax assets not recognized 
Deferred tax assets related to investment tax credits 

19. CHANGES IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL

Accounts receivable 
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses and other assets 
Investment tax credits receivable 
Deferred Revenue 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

 41

$ 

 $15,000 
 160,000 
 149,000 
 303,000 
 293,000 
 304,000 
 394,000 
 175,000 
 220,000 
 170,000 
 123,000 
 107,000 
 67,000 
 159,000 
 126,000 
 96,000  
41,000 
2,902,000     

2018 

2017

 $  2,449,453  
 (869,453) 
   1,580,000  

 $  2,410,197   
 (830,197)
   1,580,000 

2018 

2017

 $  

24,008 
 20,138  
 (16,976) 
 57,547 
 (214,060) 
 (1,075,358) 
$  (1,204,703) 

684,384  
$ 
 (1,071,113)
 (97,448) 
 32,604  
 461,691 
 943,436 
953,554

$ 

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

20. FINANCIAL EXPENSES

Cash interest: 
    Interest on long-term debt 
    Interest on debentures 
    Interest other 
    Interest income 
Non-cash interest: 
    Accretion on debentures 
Financial expenses 

21. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

2018 

2017

 $ 

 $ 

 172,565  
 483,158  
  34,373  
 (172) 
- 
  161,934  
 851,857  

 $ 

 $ 

164,305   
490,292    
71,454 
 (22)
-
 198,560     
924,589    

The Company’s capital management objective is to safeguard its ability to function as a going concern to maintain 
and grow its operations and to fund its development activities.  Microbix defines its capital to include the revolving 
line of credit, shareholders’ equity, the Business Development Bank capital loans, and the debentures.  The capital 
at September 30, 2018 was $16,282,197 (2017 - $22,153,078).

To date, the Company has used cash provided by operating activities, common equity issues, debentures, bank 
mortgage and other financing to fund its activities. The equity is through private placements, the debentures are all 
controlled by private individuals known to the Company and the mortgage and other financing are with the Business 
Development Bank and TD Bank. If possible, the Company tries to optimize its liquidity needs by non-dilutive sources, 
including cash provided by operating activities, investment tax credits, grants and interest income. The Company 
has a revolving line of credit of $1,500,000 with its Canadian chartered bank, Note 10 (b). 

The  Company’s  general  policy  is  to  not  pay  dividends  and  retain  cash  to  keep  funds  available  to  finance  the 
Company’s growth. However, the Board of Directors may, from time to time, choose to declare a dividend in assets if 
warranted by circumstances.  There was no change during the year in how the Company defines its capital or how it 
manages its capital.

22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at the fair value into one of three different levels 
depending on the observation of the inputs used in the measurement. 

For  the  years  ended  September  30,  2018  and  2017,  the  Company  has  carried  at  fair  value  financial  instruments 
in Level 1. At September 30, 2018, the Company’s only financial instrument measured at fair value is cash, which is 
considered to be a Level 1 instrument. There were no transfers between levels during the year.

The three levels are defined as follows:

a)  Level 1: Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

b)  Level 2: Fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are not observable for the 

asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

c)  Level 3: Fair value is based on valuation techniques that require one or more significant unobservable inputs.

 42

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

The following table provides the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Company’s assets and liabilities. 

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash  

30-Sep-18  

 $  44,358    

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Non-convertible debentures 
    Convertible debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-18   
30-Sep-18   
30-Sep-18   

-   
 -   
-   

 -   
 -   

    $  1,184,014 
  1,585,435 

 $  3,159,246  

 -  

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash  

30-Sep-17  

$  54,460    

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Non-convertible debentures 
    Convertible debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-17   
30-Sep-17   
30-Sep-17   

-   
 -   
-   

 -   
 -   
4,492,390 

$ 

  $  1,170,117 
   1,515,888  

 -  

The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in an arm’s 
length transaction between willing parties and through appropriate valuation methods, but considerable judgement is 
required for the Company to determine the value.  The actual amount that could be realized in a current market exchange 
could be different than the estimated value. 

The  fair  values  of  financial  instruments  included  in  current  assets  and  current  liabilities  approximate  their 

carrying values due to their short-term nature.

The  fair  value  of  the  long-term  debt  is  based  on  rates  currently  available  for  items  with  similar  terms  and 
maturities.    The  convertible  and  non-convertible  debenture  fair  values  are  not  readily  determinable  as  the 
convertible debentures have been issued to shareholders of the Company.  The fair values of financial instruments 
in other long-term liabilities approximate their carrying values as they are recorded at the net present values of 
their future cash flows, using an appropriate discount rate.

 43

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

23. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The primary risks that affect the Company are set out below and the risks have not changed during the reporting 
periods.  The list does not cover all risks to the Company, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of management 
to mitigate the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk. 

Risks arising from financial instruments and risk management

The  Company’s  activities  expose  it  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks:  market  risk  (including  foreign  exchange  risk), 
credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of 
financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance.

Risk  management  is  the  responsibility  of  the  corporate  finance  function.  Material  risks  are  monitored  and  are 

regularly discussed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Credit risk

The  Company’s  cash  is  held  in  accounts  or  short-term  interest  bearing  accounts  at  one  of  the  major  Canadian 
chartered banks.  Management perceives the credit risk to be low.  Typically the outstanding accounts receivable 
balance is relatively concentrated with a few large customers representing the majority of the value. As at September 
30, 2018, five customers accounted for 66% (2017 - five customers accounted for 63%) of the outstanding balance.  
The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past several years and accordingly management has recorded 
an allowance of $10,000 (2017 - $10,000).

Trade accounts receivable are aged as follows at September 30:

Current   
0 - 30 days past due 
31 - 60 days past due 
61 days and over past due 

2018 

2017 

$  1,171,341  
 117,975  
  18,686  
 5,478  
$   1,313,480  

 $  1,084,414 
 176,002    
 73,268     
 3,804        
 $  1,337,488    

 44

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
           
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

22. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Market risk and foreign currency risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, will affect the Company’s income or 
the value of its financial instruments. The Company’s activities that result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency 
exchange rates consist of the sale of products and services to customers invoiced in foreign currencies and the purchase 
of services invoiced in foreign currencies. The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge these risks.  As at 
September 30 the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held in foreign currencies are:

US dollars 

Euros

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017

Cash  
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

 $ 

 42,557  
  652,429  
 204,696  

 $ 

52,902  
 458,941  
 406,000  

247  
 314,402  

-  

5 
 413,117   
11,987

The Company’s revenue and expenses by foreign currency for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

Revenue 
Euros 
U.S. dollars 

Expenses
U.S. dollars 

2018 

43%   
53% 

6% 

2017 

40%
56%

7%  

Based upon prior year results, the impact of a 5% increase in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would result 
in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of about $330,400 Cdn. The impact of a 5% increase in the Euro against 
the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based revenue of about $271,500. Correspondingly, the 
impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual U.S. dollar based 
revenue of about $330,400 Cdn. The impact of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in a 
loss in annual Euro-based revenue of about $271,500.  

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulties in meeting its financial liability obligations as they 
become due.  The Company has a planning and budgeting process in place to help determine the funds required to 
support the normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis.  The Company has financed its cash requirements 
primarily  through  issuance  of  securities,  short-term  borrowings,  long-term  debt  and  debentures.    The  Company 
controls liquidity risk through management of working capital, cash flows and the availability of sourcing of financing.  

Interest rate risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to cash flow interest rate risk are those assets and liabilities 
with a variable interest rate.  Interest rate risk exposure is primarily on the BDC debt that has a variable rate that is 
pegged to the bank rate.  The rate can be fixed at the Company’s option, if the outlook for interest rates should move 
higher.  The only other variable debt the Company has is the $1,500,000 line of credit that bears interest at the bank’s 
prime lending rate plus 2.25%.  A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately $30,000 per year 
for BDC and about $15,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the fiscal year.

 45

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
           
   
  
   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

24. SEGMENTED INFORMATION

The Company operates in two ways: (i) the development, manufacturing and sales of antigens as materials for the 
medical diagnostic industry or as quality assessment products and, (ii) the development and commercialization of novel 
and proprietary products or technologies such as Lumisort and Kinlytic.  The following is an analysis of the Company’s 
revenues and profits from continuing operations for the year, segmented between antigens, Lumisort and Kinlytic:

Segment revenue 

2018 

2017 

Segment loss

2018 

2017

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  
Total for continuing operations 

$  12,510,558  

$  10,185,798  

-    
-    

 -    
 -    

 $   12,510,558  

 $  10,185,798 

$     (407,379)    $   (3,510,718)     
 (269,370)     

 (8,101,911) 
(112,276) 
$  (8,621,566)  

 -   

 $  (3,780,088) 

Segment  revenue  reported  above  represents  revenue  generated  from  external  customers.  There  were  no  inter-

segment sales in the current period (2017 - $Nil).

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Company’s accounting policies described 
in Note 3. Segment loss represents the profit (loss) before tax earned by each segment without allocation of central 
administration costs, directors’ fees, and finance costs. These general costs are reflected in the Antigen Products and 
Technologies segment. This is the measure reported to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource 
allocation  and  assessment  of  segment  performance.  The  Lumisort  segment  loss  includes  impairment  of  long-term 
assets of $7,878,758 (2017-NIL), which is recognized in loss and comprehensive loss for the year.   

Segmented assets and liabilities as at September 30 are as follows:

Segment assets 

2018 

2017 

Segment liabilities 
2018 

2017

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  

 $   14,651,481   

 -  

  3,078,586  
  $   17,730,067  

 $  14,181,887   
 7,597,138     
 3,078,586       

$   8,696,565   

 $  11,262,928      

- 
-    

-
 -   

 $  24,857,611   

$   8,696,565   

 $  11,262,928      

All assets are allocated to reportable segments other than interests in associates and current and deferred tax assets. 
Assets used jointly by reportable segments are allocated on the basis of the revenues earned by individual reportable 
segments.  All  liabilities  are  allocated  to  reportable  segments  other  than  borrowings  and  current  and  deferred  tax 
liabilities. Liabilities for which reportable segments are jointly liable are allocated in proportion to segment assets.

Segmented depreciation and amortization and additions to non-current assets as at September 30 are as follows:

Depreciation and 
amortization 

2018 

2017 

Additions to
non-current assets 
2018 

2017

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  

  $         537,680  
   152,398  

-  

 $        321,342  
 188,817  
 -    

 $       690,078  

 $       510,159   

$   1,102,089   
 434,021  
- 

$  1,536,110  

 $      203,260
 238,372        
 308,057  
 $      749,689       

 46

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

25. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in three principal geographical areas – North America (where it is domiciled), Europe and in 
other foreign countries. The Company’s revenue from external customers is tracked based on the bill-to location.   
Information about its non-current assets by location of assets are also detailed below.  It should be noted that our 
distribution partner for Asia is based in the United States, so most sales destined to Asia are reflected in the North 
American total.

Revenue from 
external customers 

Non-current
assets

2018 

2017 

2018 

2017

North America 
Europe 
Other foreign countries (directly) 

 $   5,863,529   
 6,493,927  
 153,102  
 $ 12,510,558  

 $    4,082,094  

$ 13,243,049  

 $  20,275,774     

 5,470,037     
 633,667      

-    
-    

 -   
 -   

 $  10,185,798  

$ 13,243,049  

 $  20,275,774     

26. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Key management compensation

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and 
controlling  the  activities  of  the  Company.  Key  management  includes  directors  and  key  management  executive 
officers.  Compensation for the Company’s key management personnel was as follows:

Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
Share-based payments 
Total key management compensation 

2018 

2017 

$ 

 901,575 
403,744 
$   1,305,318   

 $ 

815,443    
423,599  
 $  1,239,042     

On  September  12,  2017,  the  Company  issued  two  outstanding  shareholder  interest  bearing  loans  for  total 
proceeds of $200,000. These loans were repaid on October 23, 2017.  On March 28, 2018 the board of directors 
approved the repricing of 1,500,000 of warrants held by a director of the Company.  These warrants were repriced  
from $0.55 to $0.32 and the expiry was extended  by one year.  The non-cash financial impact was $128,901, which 
is included in general and administrative expenses.

 47

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease commitments

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 and thereafter 

Payments on convertible and non-convertible debentures (Note 9)

2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 and thereafter 

Commitments for the Company’s long term debt and bank indebtedness are discussed in note 10.

Contingencies

The Company is not party to any legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business.

Amount
  191,243 
 91,700  
 91,238  
 82,388  
11,339    
-  

  467,908   

$ 

$ 

$ 

Amount
  709,242 
709,242   
709,242   
 1,657,992  
604,242    
7,132,166
$    11,522,125   

 48

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017  

28. SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND LAWSUITS

Sale of Microbix’ WFI business to Irvine Scientific

On December 30, 2016 Microbix reached a final settlement with Irvine Scientific Inc. over an ongoing dispute related 
to the sale of the Company’s Water-for-Injection business to Irvine Scientific that occurred in December 2012.  Irvine 
Scientific had filed a Notice of Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association in New York as stipulated in 
its  original  agreement  with  Microbix.    Prior  to  initiation  of  the  arbitration  proceeding  the  companies  agreed  on 
final settlement terms, namely Microbix will pay Irvine a total amount of (U.S.) $192,500, which was fully paid by 
September 30, 2017.

Settlement of Zeptometrix Lawsuit

On October 5, 2016, Zeptometrix Corporation filed a statement of claim against Microbix in Canadian Federal Court, 
alleging infringement of its Canadian patent. During fiscal 2017 Microbix defended itself against these allegations, 
maintaining it did not infringe this patent. On October 11, 2017 Microbix announced the court approval of a legal dispute 
settlement with Zeptometrix Corporation, with the latter party’s claims of patent infringement being withdrawn. The 
withdrawal of the lawsuit was “with prejudice”, following a settlement agreement between the parties that was to 
Microbix’ satisfaction.

29. COMPARATIVE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
The comparative consolidated financial statements have been reclassified from statements previously presented 
to conform to the presentation of the 2018 consolidated financial statements.

 49

Canadian Funds  DIRECTORS

Peter M. Blecher 
Ontario, Canada
Staff Emergency Physician
Lakeridge Health Hospital

Mark A. Cochran 
Virginia, USA
Managing Director
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Vaughn C. Embro-Pantalony (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive 

William J. Gastle (2)
Ontario, Canada
Executive Chairman
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Cameron Groome (2)
Ontario, Canada
Chief Executive Officer and President
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Martin A. Marino (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive

Joseph D. Renner (1) (2)
New Jersey, USA
Pharmaceutical Executive

(1)Member of Audit Committee.
(2)Member of the Human Resources, 
  Compensation and Governance Committee.

SENIOR MANAGEMENT

William J. Gastle
Executive Chairman

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

James S. Currie
Chief Finanical Officer

Dr. Mark Luscher
Senior Vice-President, Scientific Affairs

Phillip Casselli
Senior Vice-President, Sales & Business Development

Kevin J. Cassidy
Vice-President, Biopharmaceuticals

Kathryn Froh
Vice-President, Diagnostics

Christopher B. Lobb
General Counsel & Secretary

 50

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

Corporate Counsel

Boyle & Co. LLP

Auditors 

Transfer Agent 

Ernst Young LLP
Chartered Accountants

AST Trust Company Inc. 
as the Administrative Agent for 
CIBC Mellon Trust Company
416-682-3860     1-800-387-0825

Bankers

The Toronto Dominion Bank 

Head Office

Microbix Biosystems Inc.
265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga,
Ontario  Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910
Fax: 905-361-8911
www.microbix.com

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
The Annual Meeting of the Shareholders will be held
at the University Club, 380 University Avenue, Toronto, 
Ontario on Wednesday, March 27, 2019 at 1:00 PM.

ANNUAL REPORT
Additional copies of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report 
are available by contacting Microbix’ head office.

 51

Canadian Funds  265 Watline Avenue, 
Mississauga, ON
Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910   
Fax: 905-361-8911
1-800-794-6694
Web Site: www.microbix.com