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MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock

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FY2023 Annual Report · MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock
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MICROBIX 
BIOSYSTEMS INC.

ANNUAL REPORT 2023

Message to Shareholders

Results  for  the  fourth  quarter  and  full  year  of  fiscal 
2023  ended  September  30,  2023  (“Q4”  and  “F2023”) 
complete  a  challenging  and  fulfilling  year  during 
which  Microbix  successfully  reefed  its  sails  for  post-
important  new 
pandemic  conditions  –  adding 
customers  and  products,  signing  a  fully-funded 
redevelopment deal for our biological drug, Kinlytic® 
urokinase, and maintaining our financial strength.

However, sales did not grow in F2023 due to a lack of 
orders for our DxTM™ viral transport medium, which 
were $5.0M the prior year. That headwind was partly 
offset by a $1.3M recovery in sales of test-ingredients 
(antigens),  and  a  $1.4M  Kinlytic-related  partnering 
fee.  The  net  result  of  such  cross-breezes  was  F2023 
revenues of $16.5M versus prior year sales of $19.1M. 
Happily,  we  expect  strong  revenue  growth  across 
fiscal 2024, with our budget calling for a new record.

Margins  and  expenses  also  changed  across  F2023. 
Gross margin fell due to a greater proportion of test 
ingredient  sales,  which  are  less  profitable  than  our 
DxTM and QAPs™ medical devices, plus a write-down 
of  stale-dated  DxTM  inventory.  Additionally,  G&A 
increased  due  to  our  spending  on  software  logistics 
upgrades  and  a  Kinlytic  advisory  fee.  Offsetting  the 
total  of  $2.4M  from  such  expenses  was  the  reversal 
of  a  prior  $3.1M  impairment  charge  on  Kinlytic.  The 
net result of all such currents was a F2023 net loss of 
$0.2M, versus a prior year net profit of $1.8M.

Although  F2023  realized  a  small  net  loss,  we  remain 
committed  to  profitable  growth  and  have  charted 
a  course  back  to  positive  net  earnings  for  F2024.  To 
achieve  ongoing  profitability,  Microbix  has  skilled 
and  dedicated  staff,  fully-resourced  facilities,  state-
of-the-art  software  control  systems,  and  a  strong 
financial  position  –  with  over  $10.0  million  in  cash, 
solid cashflow, and a record order book. So let us now 
discuss F2023 achievements and how we’ll tack into 
an even more winning position through F2024.

It  is  five  years  since  Microbix  attained  the  ISO  13485 
accreditation that enabled sales of QAPs to labs and 
test-makers.  Despite  the  long  pandemic  upending 
charted plans, we have created many important new 
products and relationships in that time. Our count of 

fully-regulated  “IVD”  REDx®  brand  QAPs  now  stands 
at  85  products,  quadrupling  their  sales.  Still  more 
importantly, we’re just getting real wind in our sails: 
Specifically,  we  now  dominate  emerging  infectious 
disease areas such as HPV screening, where industry 
giants recommend Microbix QAPs to their customers 
(e.g.,  Abbott  &  BD).  Likewise  in  the  field  of  point-of-
care, where leaders like QuidelOrtho are buying QAPs 
to incorporate them directly into their test kits. As new 
assays or instruments of our clients succeed, we have 
the reasoned expectation of QAPs sales also growing 
strongly.  We  likewise  thank  other  strategic  partners 
for their support, including but not limited to BioGX, 
Copan Italia, Seegene, SpeeDx, and Ulisse Biomed. In 
summary, Microbix is emerging as an expert “Go-To” 
partner in the diagnostics industry.

In reviewing F2023, our fully-funded alliance to re-launch 
Kinlytic  urokinase  must  also  be  highlighted,  as  it 
enables  our  voyage  to  return  this  important  drug 
to clinical use – first into the U.S. to clear blood clot 
blockages  from  long-term  venous  catheters  used 
to  administer  dialysis  or  cancer  therapies.  This 
market now nears US$400M in annual sales and is a 
monopoly  for  an  incumbent  that  is  having  serious 
and  long-lasting  production  problems.  Our  partner 
Sequel  Pharma,  LLC  and  its  financial  backers  have 
joined us in concluding that Kinlytic provides a large 
commercial opportunity that more than justifies their 
$50M funding commitment prior to first sales. 

Our diagnostics and therapeutics successes lead me 
to again acknowledge the vision, courage, and energy 
of  Microbix’s  founder,  Bill  Gastle.  While  we  remain 
saddened  at  his  passing  this  fall,  we  know  that  Bill 
would  be  delighted  to  see  Microbix  prospering  and 
Kinlytic  on  its  way  back  to  patients.  We  cherish  the 
culture  of  scientific  excellence  and  interpersonal 
respect  that  Bill  founded  and  believe  it  is  key  to  all 
our  successes.  In  his  memory  and  that  of  others  we 
lost this year, please be sure to cherish your families, 
friends, and colleagues – while we cannot direct the 
wind, we can adjust our sails.

Personally and on behalf of our team, I thank you for 
your continuing support and wish you all the best.

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

 1

Canadian Funds  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

Canadian Funds 

The Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the 
audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes for the year ended September 30, 2023, prepared 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International 
Accounting  Standards  Board  and  filed  on  SEDAR.  Additional  information  relating  to  the  Company, 
including its Annual Information Form (“AIF”), can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. Reference to 
“we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” means Microbix Biosystems Inc. unless otherwise stated. All amounts 
are presented in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated.  Statements contained herein, which are not 
historical facts, are forward looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that 
could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those  set  forth  or  implied.  These  forward-looking 
statements include, without limitation, discussion of financial results or the outlook for the business, 
risks associated with its financial results and stability, its antigens, quality assessment products, and 
viral  transport  medium  businesses,  development  projects  such  as  those  referenced  herein,  sales  to 
foreign  jurisdictions,  engineering  and  construction,  production  (including  control  over  costs,  quality, 
quantity and timeliness of delivery), foreign currency and exchange rates, maintaining adequate working 
capital and raising further capital on acceptable terms or at all, and other similar statements concerning 
anticipated  future  events,  conditions  or  results  that  are  not  historical  facts.  These  statements  reflect 
management’s current estimates, beliefs, intentions and expectations; they are not guarantees of future 
performance. The Company cautions that all forward looking information is inherently uncertain and 
that actual performance may be affected by a number of material factors, many of which are beyond 
the Company’s control. Accordingly, actual future events, conditions and results may differ materially 
from  the  estimates,  beliefs,  intentions  and  expectations  expressed  or  implied  in  the  forward  looking 
information.  All  statements  are  made  as  of  the  date  of  this  disclosure  and  represent  the  Company’s 
judgment as of that date and the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update such forward-
looking statements.

The Management Discussion and Analysis is dated December 19, 2023.

COMPANY OVERVIEW

Microbix Biosystems Inc. (Microbix or the Company) (TSX: MBX, OTCQX: MBXBF) is an award-winning 
life  sciences  innovator,  manufacturer,  and  exporter  making  critical  biological  ingredients  that  enable 
the  production  of  clinical  diagnostics  (referred  to  as  antigens),  creating  and  manufacturing  medical 
devices, including quality assessment products that help ensure test accuracy (also known as QAPs™), 
and viral transport medium for enabling the collection of patient samples to test for pathogens such as 
the virus causing COVID-19 disease (branded as DxTM™). In the context of Microbix’s business, antigens 
are purified and inactivated bacteria, viruses, or their components which are used in the immunoassay 
format of medical tests to assess exposure to, or immunity from, those pathogens. QAPs are inactivated 
and stabilized samples of a pathogen or an analogue to a pathogen, that are created to resemble patient 
samples in order to support one or more of (i) the proficiency testing of clinical labs (usually unbranded 
“white label”), (ii) incorporated into kits of test consumables by multinational diagnostics companies 
(usually unbranded “white label”), (iii) test development, instrument validation and technician training 
(often  individually  branded  as  PROCEEDx®  within  ONBOARDx™  kits),  or  (iv)  the  quality  management 
of  patient  test-workflows  by  clinical  laboratories  (branded  as  REDx®).  Microbix’  antigens  and  QAPs 
are  sold  to  more  than  100  customers  worldwide,  primarily  to  multinational  diagnostics  companies 
and laboratory accreditation organizations. Sales of antigens and QAPs are ongoing to the respective 
customer categories described. The first sales of fully-regulated “IVD” QAPs occurred in early January, 
2019, and first sales of DxTM™ were recorded in February, 2021. Sales of all varieties of QAPs are ongoing 

 2

Canadian Funds   
Canadian Funds 

COMPANY OVERVIEW

and growing, while sales of DxTM have stopped as Microbix’s principal customers, agents of the Province 
of Ontario, have resumed 100% importation to satisfy domestic needs for this critical product. 

Microbix also applies its biological expertise and infrastructure to develop other proprietary products 
and technologies, most notably Kinlytic® urokinase (Kinlytic), a biologic thrombolytic drug used to treat 
blood clots. An agreement to provide funding for the return of Kinlytic to the United States market was 
signed in May, 2023. The provision of the estimated C$ 50 million of funding needed to relaunch Kinlytic 
was dependent on reconfirming prior United States FDA guidance received in 2017. Positive new guidance 
was received from the FDA this fall and Microbix’s agreement partner, Sequel Pharma, LLC and its financial 
backers have in turn confirmed their satisfaction by providing their go-ahead notice and a tied milestone 
payment of US$ 2.0 million received by Microbix on 15 November, 2023. With that payment, Microbix has 
thus  far  received  a  total  of  US$  4.0  million  from  Sequel,  and  expects  to  receive  further  milestone  and 
royalty  payments  following  the  parties’  submission  of  a  supplemental  Biologics  Licensing  Application 
(sBLA) and re-approval by FDA in approximately three years’ time.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its health, economic, and societal impacts have affected all industries, 
including medical diagnostics. Government and public use of, funding for, and views about, infectious 
disease  diagnostic  testing  changed  as  a  result  of  the  pandemic  and  such  changes  continue  to  impact 
Microbix’s  business  and  those  of  its  customers.  It  remains  challenging  to  foresee  and  adapt  to  such 
changes. For example, from early fiscal 2020 sales of antigens were reduced due to fewer patients seeking 
or receiving care in relation to diseases other than COVID-19. As of the end of calendar 2022 however, 
Microbix began to see evidence of antigen demand recovering toward pre-COVID levels and such demand 
has since become intense. Microbix is now needing to expand production capacity for multiple antigen 
products and is working to determine whether these higher levels of demand will be transient or persistent. 
Investment in expanding antigen capacity will be geared to satisfying immediate customer needs, while 
also improving process efficiency and gross margins. QAPs and DxTM likewise continue to be affected, 
with both positive and negative impacts.

On  the  whole,  Management  believes  COVID  has  transitioned  from  pandemic  to  endemic,  leading 
revenue from the antigens and QAPs business (Antigens & QAPs) to resume growth for the foreseeable 
future. Antigen sales growth may be largely driven by certain public health tests becoming more widely 
used  in  the  Asia  Pacific  region  and,  more  recently,  increased  global  testing  for  multiple  respiratory 
pathogens.  QAPs sales growth are expected to be driven by several factors, namely (i) Microbix’s creation 
of new value-added and proprietary products for test-makers and clinical laboratories, (ii) by increasing 
American,  European  and  international  quality-management  regulation  of  clinical  laboratories,  and  by 
increasing adoption of molecular testing (e.g., “PCR”) by laboratories and at the point-of-care. For DxTM, 
production remains paused, due in large part to ongoing issues with the overall procurement processes 
of the Province of Ontario, which had been Microbix major client for that product. Currently, Microbix has 
no expectation that sales of DxTM for Ontario will resume and intends to retask this capacity to providing 
custom reagents to its test-maker customers, a transition that is ongoing. 

The sales resulting from antigens, QAPs, and DxTM or reagent activities are targeted to provide free 
cash  flow  to  cover  operating  and  debt  service  costs,  and  funding  for  business  initiatives  that  leverage 
Microbix’s expertise.

Microbix owns and operates a biologicals manufacturing facility at 265 Watline Avenue in Mississauga, 
Ontario. For that facility, Microbix has a Pathogen and Toxin license issued by the Public Health Agency of 
Canada. The Company’s administrative offices, along with further company-created production and lab 
spaces, are in a leased building located at 235 Watline Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario. A third adjacent site 
at 275 Watline Avenue was leased as of July, 2021 and renovations have since been ongoing to support 
DxTM or reagent production, quality-control laboratory space, workstations, and warehousing. Microbix 
is ISO 9001 & 13485 accredited, FDA & Health Canada establishment licensed, Australian TGA registered, 
and provides CE marked products.

 3

Canadian Funds   
Canadian Funds 

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW (Continued)

Year ending September 30, 2023 (“2023”)

2023 revenue was $16,514,776, a 13% decrease from 2022 revenues of $19,076,241.  Antigen sales grew 
by 16% to $9,592,219 (2022 - $8,287,908), while QAPs declined by 5% to $5,087,321 (2022 - $5,375,329). 
Revenue from DxTM was nil in 2023, down from $5,004,359 the prior year, while royalties increased to 
$484,718 (2022 - $408,694). 2023 revenues were most influenced by the lack of DxTM sales, which was only 
partially offset by growth in Antigens and receipt of Kinlytic licensing revenues of $1,348,500 (2022 – nil).
2023 gross margin was 45%, down from 2022 gross margins of 58%.  Gross margins were impacted by 
increased labour, manufacturing, and supply chain costs; all due to inflationary pressures.   In addition, the 
lack of DxTM sales negatively impacted gross margin due to product mix and an inventory write-off.

Operating and finance expenses in 2023 increased by 14% relative to 2022 principally due to increased 
investment in R&D projects for our QAPs business and incremental spending on implementation of ERP and 
eQMS systems.   This was somewhat offset by reduced interest costs due to the repayment of debentures and 
BDC loans, plus greater interest income from short-term investments.  

Lower  sales,  reduced  gross  margins,  and  increased  operating  expenses  (due  to  increased  investment 
into business growth and infrastructure) led to an operating loss (before finance expenses and reversal of 
impairment of intangible assets) of $2,736,432, and a net loss of $39,483 versus a 2022 operating income of 
$2,610,213 and net income of $1,788,689.  Cash used in operating activities was $1,094,561, compared to cash 
provided by of $3,465,199 in 2022.

At the end of 2023, Microbix’s current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) was 5.13 and its 

debt to equity ratio (total debt over shareholders’ equity) was 0.45.  

Quarter Ending September 30, 2023 (“Q4”)

Q4 revenue was $4,264,229, relatively flat from Q4 2022 revenues of $4,329,052.  Included were antigen sales 
of $2,977,179 (2022 - $2,629,783), up 13% due to continued demand recovery. QAPs sales were down 25% to 
$1,195,231 due to timing of deliveries (2022 - $1,601,950). DxTM sales were $nil in Q4 (2022 - nil), and royalties 
were $91,820 (2022 - $97,319). Year-over-year, Q4 sales were most influenced by growth in antigens, offset by 
weaker QAPs sales due to timing of shipment to customers and revenue recognition.

Q4 gross margin was 33%, down from 47% during Q4 2022 and due to a higher proportion antigen sales, 

the antigen product sales mix, increased antigen batch failures, and weaker QAPs sales in the quarter. 

Operating expenses (including financial expenses) were up 4% in Q4 2023 when compared to Q4 2022.  
The quarter reflected both increased investment in R&D projects for our QAPs customers and increased IT 
infrastructure costs related to systems upgrades.  This was offset by a reduction in interest costs due to the 
repayment of debentures and BDC loans and increased short-term investment income in fiscal 2023.  

Overall, flat sales and less available gross margin dollars led to a Q4 2023 operating loss (before finance 
expenses and reversal of impairment of intangible asset) of $990,563 and net income of $1,997,273 versus Q4 
2022 operating loss (before finance expenses and reversal of impairment of intangible asset) of $256,885 and 
net loss of $464,080.  Cash used in operating activities was $1,456,196 for Q4 2023, compared to cash provided 
by of $146,437 for Q4 2022, reflecting increasing systems investments.

 4

Canadian Funds   
Canadian Funds 

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW (Continued)

Financial Highlights

For the years ended September 30 

For the quarter ended September 30

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

Total Revenue 

       $    16,514,776        $    19,076,241       $     4,264,229       $     4,329,052            

Gross Margin 
S,G&A Expenses 
R&D Expense 

     7,481,334  
      8,171,026  
      2,046,740  

 11,124,842  
 6,715,354  
 1,799,275  

1,425,194  
 1,851,021  
 564,736  

 2,020,539        
 1,832,907        
 444,517        

Operating Income (Loss) before 
Reversal of Impairment of Long Term 
Asset and Finance Expenses  
Reversal of Impairment of Long Term Asset 
Finance Expenses 
Income Tax Expense 
Net Income (Loss) and Comprehensive 
Income (Loss) for the period 

      (2,736,432) 
 (3,078,585) 
      381,636  
      - 

 2,610,213  

 -    
 744,290  
77,234  

 (990,563) 
(3,078,585) 
 90,749  
-  

 (256,885)  

 -    
 129,961     
 77,234  

   (39,483) 

1,788,689 

 1,997,273  

 (464,080) 

  Net Comprehensive Income (Loss) per share 

     (0.000) 

 0.013  

 0.014  

 (0.009)   

  Cash Provided (Used) by Operating Activities    (1,094,561) 

3,465,199  

 (1,456,196) 

 146,436    

  Cash 
  Accounts receivable 
  Total current assets 
  Total assets 
  Total current liabilities 
  Total liabilities 
  Total shareholders’ equity 
  Current ratio 
  Debt to equity ratio 

   11,606,487  
 4,119,771  
 22,302,006  
 35,653,024  
 4,349,942  
 11,028,537  
 24,624,487  
  5.13  
  0.45  

 13,488,075   
 3,057,797 
 22,408,372 
 33,145,196 
 2,650,521 
 8,206,541 
 24,938,655  
 8.45  
 0.33    

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Dec-31-21
$

Mar-31-22
$

Jun-30-22
$

Sep-30-22
$

Dec-31-22
$

Mar-31-23
$

Jun-30-23
$

Sep-30-23
$

Total Revenue

   4,855,600 

    4,880,564 

   5,011,025 

    4,329,052 

   2,502,072 

   4,218,323 

   5,530,152 

   4,264,229  

Net Income (Loss) and 
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Operating Income (Loss) before 
reversal of impairment of intangible 
assets and Finance Expenses

 880,778 

 733,489 

 638,502 

 (464,080)

 (1,299,262)

 31,616 

 (769,108)

 1,997,273  

1,121,528 

   936,614 

   808,956 

   (256,885)

   (1,202,184)

   122,935 

   (666,618)

    (990,563)

 5

Canadian Funds   
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
Canadian Funds 

OUTLOOK

Microbix’s business was started nearly 35 years ago by our founder, Bill Gastle, a skilled virologist, who retired 
in  September,  2020  and  passed  away  in  September,  2023  (we  miss  you  Bill).  The  first  products  were  types  of 
the  growth  media  used  in  cell-culturing,  which  were  sold  to  public  health  laboratories  and  research-oriented 
customers across Ontario. This was followed by such regional lab customers asking Microbix to do some of their 
bacteriological, cellular, and viral culturing work. In due course, international manufacturers of diagnostic tests 
learned of Microbix’s abilities and approached the company to grow such organisms on an industrial scale, then 
purify and inactivate them to become “antigens” – the biological ingredients at the heart of “immunoassay” tests 
used to diagnose infection with, exposure to, or immunity from, bacteria and viruses. 

That  test-ingredients  business  remained  Microbix’s  only  major  source  of  revenues  for  many  years,  and 
underpins its deep expertise in matters relating to infectious disease diagnostics. During those years, Microbix 
sought to branch out into other areas of healthcare, such as into the production of biological therapeutics and 
vaccines. Although it had much of the expertise required for such initiatives, it could not gain access to the capital 
required to bring those projects to fruition. That being recounted, one asset from that era remains in the Microbix 
portfolio, a well-validated biological “clot-buster” drug called Kinlytic® urokinase. Kinlytic had been written-off 
as an asset in September, 2020, as the pandemic made it impossible to predict whether or when an alliance to 
fund its return to market could be completed. As the pandemic subsequently ebbed, Kinlytic took a big step 
toward generating meaningful revenues by way of the partnering Agreement with a better-funded entity Sequel 
Pharma, LLC that was signed in May, 2023. Since that time, Microbix has received a total of US$ 4.0 million in 
milestone payments from Sequel, which will now be fully-funding Kinlytic’s return to clinical usage – initially 
into the United States for the US$ 400 million sub-indication of catheter clearance. Microbix recognized a US$1.0 
million payment as revenue in Q3 of fiscal 2023, will recognize a further US$ 3.0 million of revenues in Q1 of fiscal 
2024, and will be eligible for further milestone payments and eventual royalties upon re-approval of Kinlytic for 
clinical use in the United States. In consequence, Microbix reversed the prior impairment of Kinlytic, restoring its 
prior cost-based intangible value of C$ 3.1 million in Q4 of fiscal 2023. 

Microbix’s  antigen  test-ingredients  business  were  90%  or  more  of  sales  for  many  years.  Over  the  past 
five years however, Microbix has sought to more broadly employ its deep diagnostics industry expertise and 
thereby incrementally build its revenues. This effort has succeeded, with test-ingredients comprising only 43% 
of Microbix’s sales in fiscal 2022, and 58% in fiscal 2023 – due to its creating and growing other revenue streams. 
While test ingredients sales are now resuming a growth trajectory, their proportion of overall company sales is 
expected to continue to decline – as a result of faster-growing sales of other product categories, such as QAPs.

Most  notably,  Microbix  has  been  successfully  transformed  from  being  a  manufacturer  of  less-regulated 
test-ingredients,  into  the  producer  of  a  catalogue  of  fully-regulated  medical  devices  relating  to  infectious-
disease  diagnostic  tests.  The  Company  has  thereby  created  new  opportunities  for  both  increasing  sales 
and  expanding  gross  margins.  Specifically,  Microbix  medical  devices  products  are  innovative,  proprietary, 
and branded – permitting access to new markets and customers at better margins than are usual for test-
ingredients. Upgrading to the ISO 13485 medical devices quality standard, obtaining a Health Canada Medical 
Devices Establishment License, and taking the necessary steps to be able to sell into the EU, US, and other 
markets remain integral to those goals.

In  medical  devices,  the  first  category  of  Microbix  products  are  its  diagnostic-test  quality  assessment 
products,  which  are  branded  as  “QAPs™”  and  colloquially  known  as  test-controls.  The  QAPs  business 
started with providing mimics of positive patient-samples to enable assessment of the proficiency of clinical 
laboratories by industry accreditation agencies. Sales of Microbix QAPs were largely limited to that customer 
base and had come to exceed C$ 1.0 million per year (i.e., about 10% of sales) when the COVID-19 pandemic 
began in early 2020 (the “Pandemic”).

 6

Canadian Funds   
OUTLOOK (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

While  respiratory  virus  tests  were  not  the  principal  focus  of  QAPs  at  that  time,  Microbix  suspected 
the Pandemic in January of that year and validated its first COVID-related product by the end of March, 
2020. Microbix has since supported governments and industry with many QAPs products related to testing 
for  respiratory  pathogens  –  to  lab  accreditation  agencies,  international  test-makers,  governments  and 
hospitals, clinical labs, and many workplaces and schools. Respiratory disease has become an important 
portion of QAPs sales, but the Microbix portfolio has been expanded to include QAPs for many bacteria, 
viruses,  and  parasites  that  can  cause  acute  sickness,  chronic  disease,  and  even  cancers.  Collectively, 
QAPs comprised 28% of sales across fiscal 2022, and over 30% in fiscal 2023, with Microbix expecting this 
segment to be its fastest-growing revenue source for the foreseeable future.

As the Pandemic emerged, Microbix was also quick to recognize the fragility of supply-chains for testing-
related  medical  supplies.  This  alertness  extended  to  noting  pending  shortages  of  viral  transport  medium 
(“VTM”), a medical device that is essential for stabilizing collected patient-samples in order that they remain 
intact  while  transported  to,  and  when  processed  at,  the  central  laboratories  conducting  most  PCR-based 
tests. Having decades of expertise in producing complex cell-culturing media, Microbix volunteered to begin 
domestic production of VTM for the province of Ontario.  With the assistance of a grant from the Ontario 
Together Fund of the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation, and Trade, Microbix created a VTM 
formulation  to  meet  the  exacting  requirements  of  Public  Health  Ontario,  perfected  its  methods,  scaled 
its production, and became the only fully-regulated and validated local supplier to the Province. Sales of 
Microbix’s “DxTM™” brand VTM began in fiscal 2021 and comprised 26% of Microbix’s revenues in fiscal 2022. 
However, production and sales of DxTM are currently paused – due in large part to an ongoing reorganization 
of the procurement systems of the Province of Ontario. At present, the procurement authorities of the Province 
of Ontario have returned to purchasing imported VTM to satisfy 100% of domestic testing needs, a practice 
that seems at odds with political leaders’ stated objectives of security of supply and domestic manufacturing. 
As a result it is unclear if or when sales of DxTM will resume or the extent to which Microbix may be called 
to supply the needs of the Province of Ontario. Equipment purchased for DxTM production, much of which 
was acquired with direct encouragement and funding from government, will be redeployed for production of 
products for other, non-governmental, customers such as test-kit reagents and diluents.

Looking ahead, Microbix believes that it has considerable opportunities to continue growing its sales to 
the global diagnostics and clinical laboratory industries. Most notable among its business segments is QAPs, 
for  which  it  has  identified  the  Point-of-Care-Test  (“PoCT”)  companies  as  its  most  promising  customers. 
While PoCT has been a promised innovation for many years, the Pandemic resulted in major investments 
to roll-out sophisticated and high-quality testing beyond central-lab settings. Today, table-top sized and 
portable PCR-based or antigen-based PoCT instruments are coming into widespread usage in settings such 
as local clinics, long-term care homes, pharmacies, schools, and workplaces. However, such PoCTs require 
accompanying test-controls to satisfy health regulators that errors relating to operators, consumables, or 
instruments will be quickly and reliably identified. Microbix QAPs are ideally-suited for that purpose, most 
notably when formatted onto the FLOQSwab™ flocked-swabs of Copan Italia S.p.A., made using Microbix’s 
innovative techniques, and protected by the intellectual property of each firm.

The largest of such opportunities involves FLOQswab-based QAPs being incorporated into kits of PoCT 
cartridges at fixed ratios (e.g., 1 QAP per 20 PoCT tests) for use to help ensure test or test-workflow accuracy. 
With  major  international  test-makers  intending  to  sell  millions  of  cartridges  per  month  across  multiple 
pathogen categories, it is not difficult to see how revenues may build for Microbix in this industry area. 
A first such alliance was announced by Microbix in August, 2022 with QuidelOrtho Corporation (QDEL on 
NASDAQ). Meaningful revenues are expected as that multinational test-maker, and others, wend their way 
through the needed design optimizations, regulatory approvals, and marketing launches for instruments 
and test kits. Further alliances of this nature continue to be developed by Microbix and are formalized and 
disclosed in due course, such as those with SpeeDx (Apr., 2021), Ulisse Biomed (Nov., 2023), BioGx (Dec., 
2023), and Seegene USA (Dec. 2023).

 7

Canadian Funds   
OUTLOOK (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Microbix  is  also  enhancing  infrastructure  to  support  its  growth  objectives  and  expectations.  Such 
enhancements  include  investments  into  people,  equipment,  and  systems.  Concerning  people,  the 
Company  continues  to  work  to  retain  our  current  great  team,  while  adding  new  members  with  further 
skills  and  capabilities.    For  equipment,  Microbix  is  investing  to  improve  reliability,  enhance  capacity,  and 
remove drudgery. With systems, the Company has made and continues to make material investments into 
modernized  and  scalable  Enterprise  Resource  Planning  (ERP)  software,  alongside  moving  to  a  paperless 
Quality  Management  System  (eQMS)  –  both  of  which  are  essential  for  Microbix  continuing  to  grow  the 
business. In the immediate term such investments tend to compress margins, but Management is convinced 
of their mid- and long-term benefits.

We thereby come to Microbix today and tomorrow. Already, a Company targeting annual sales of C$ 25  
million, with the goal of exceeding C$100 million over the next several years. To do so, we have deep and 
broad  life  sciences  capabilities  and  a    a  strong  financial  position.  We  are  likewise  a  fully-fledged  medical 
devices firm poised to benefit from medical diagnostics being used more effectively and frequently than ever, 
via over 100 established international customer relationships. In summary, Management’s financial goals are 
to achieve higher and more consistent sales volumes while expanding gross margins, thereby driving growth 
in net earnings, free cash flow, and the value of Microbix’s common stock for all shareholders.

LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) on a going concern basis, which presumes the Company will continue operating 
for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize a return on its assets and discharge its liabilities and 
commitments in the normal course of business.

The  Company  has  incurred  historical  losses  resulting  in  an  accumulated  deficit  of  $36,911,414  as  at 
September 30, 2023.  Management continuously monitors the financial position of the Company with respect 
to  working  capital  needs,  as  well  as  long-term  capital  requirements  compared  to  the  annual  operating 
budget. Variances are highlighted and actions are taken to ensure the Company is appropriately capitalized.

Future Liquidity and Capital Needs 

The Company primarily funds new product development activities and capital expenditures from profits earned 
by its business and, periodically from additional equity and/or debt.

Over  the  course  of  fiscal  2023,  a  portion  of  working  capital  was  judiciously  employed  on  systems 
modernizations, capacity expansions, and process optimizations – approximately $1.0 million of which was 
expensed and $1.0 million capitalized. A further $1.1 million was employed to repurchase and cancel common 
shares, to offset options dilution and somewhat stabilize trading in Microbix shares. Such investments were 
readily  supported  by  our  operations  and  Microbix  continues  to  be  in  an  enviable  liquidity  position  as  at 
September 30, 2023. Moving into fiscal 2024, Management expects cashflow to be positive due to: 1) continued 
growth in overall product sales, 2) improvements in product pricing or other sales terms, 3) greater sales of 
higher  percentage  gross  margin  products,  and  4)  manufacturing  process  optimization  efforts,  and  5)  other 
business development and financial initiatives. Management expects these factors will continue to significantly 
improve the overall liquidity position, as the Company’s plans come to fruition.

On  July  29,  2019,  the  Company  signed  an  agreement  with  Federal  Economic  Development  Agency  for 
Southern Ontario to provide a repayable government contribution where the Federal Development Agency has 
agreed to contribute funding for 30% of the Business Scale-up and Productivity Project expenditures made by the 
Company, up to $2,752,500 over the following four years. The Company is required to submit eligible expenses 
on a quarterly basis to receive the interest-free contributions.  On February 14, 2023 the Company agreed to an 
amendment to the original agreement providing an additional $840,000 of repayable contributions, increasing 
the total funding up to $3,592,500.  Repayment of all contributions does not begin until December 15, 2024.  

 8

Canadian Funds   
LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (Continued)

Future Liquidity and Capital Needs (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

To support the continued growth of the business, on January 30, 2020, the Company completed a non-
brokered private placement offering of an aggregate of 11,800,000 units for total gross proceeds of $2,360,000.  
Each unit consisted of one common share of Microbix and one common share purchase warrant. Each warrant 
entitles the holder to purchase one additional common share at an exercise price of $0.36 for five years. The 
financing was non-brokered. Cash commissions of $104,300 were paid and an aggregate of 521,500 Broker’s 
Warrants were issued in the private placement offering. Each Broker’s Warrant entitles the holder to purchase 
one unit at a price of $0.36 for a period of five years. All securities issued under the private placement were 
subject to a hold period which expired four months and one day from the date of closing.

In addition, on May 19, 2021, the Company completed a public offering and concurrent private placement 
offering of an aggregate of 11,500,000 units for total gross proceeds of $6,900,000, and net proceeds of $6,131,568 
after share issuance costs of $768,432.  Each unit consisted of one common share of Microbix and one-half of one 
common share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitled the holder to purchase one additional common 
share at an exercise price of $0.80 for two years. These warrants were subsequently extended for a further year 
to May 2024.  The financing was a “bought deal”, with co-lead underwriters of the Offering (iA Private Wealth 
Inc. and Bloom Burton Securities Inc.). Cash commissions of $402,500 were paid and an aggregate of 670,833 
Broker’s Warrants were issued in the public offering. Each Broker’s Warrant entitled the holder to purchase one 
unit at a price of $0.60 for a period of two years. All securities issued under the concurrent private placement 
were subject to a hold period which expired four months and one day from the date of closing.

On October 13, 2020, the Company announced a grant agreement with the Ontario Together Fund (“OTF”) 
of the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade (the “Grant”).  The Grant of $1,445,000 was 
to cover 50% of the cost to automate production of the Company’s quality assessment products (QAPs™) that 
help ensure the accuracy of infectious disease diagnostic testing, and enable local, secure, and cost-effective 
automated production of the quantities of viral transport medium (generically “VTM” and branded “DxTM™”) 
needed for Ontario’s lab-based testing for COVID-19 disease or other tests of concern to public health or safety. 
An  initial  Grant  disbursement,  upon  execution  of  the  agreement,  in  the  amount  of  $867,000,  was  received 
on October 13, 2020.  The remaining $578,000 of the grant was paid upon project completion and a review 
of Eligible Project Expenditures incurred during the project, up to February 28, 2022.  During the year ended 
September 30, 2021 the Company recognized $717,587 (2020 - nil) of grant income. The company also recorded 
a $680,202 reduction in capital asset costs.  

During the year ending September 30, 2022, the Company received $2,637,330 from the exercise of 7,480,293 
warrants and received $806,800 from the exercise of 2,960,000 options.  In addition, a $500,000 debenture was 
converted to 2,173,913 shares during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022.

During fiscal 2022, the Company made an early repayment of the remaining outstanding principal relating to 
a $2.0 million non-convertible 9% interest debenture.  A payment of $1,331,758, including accrued interest, was 
made on October 1, 2021.  In addition, in April 2022 the Company repaid a non-convertible $500,000 debenture 
when it came due.

On December 3, 2021 the Company prepaid in full the outstanding balance including accrued interest for a 

BDC loan, totaling $266,094.  See the long-term debt note for further details.

On March 20, 2023, the Company announced an additional grant agreement with the Ontario Together 
Fund (“OTF”) of the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade (the “Grant”).  The Grant 
of $840,000 is to cover 50% of the cost to further expand our capabilities and capacity for manufacturing 
specialized  products  relating  to  diagnostic  testing  for  infectious  diseases.  The  Government  of  Ontario  is 
supporting the expansions at Microbix’s three adjacent sites in Mississauga.  An initial Grant disbursement, 
upon execution of the agreement, in the amount of $504,000, was received on March 13, 2023.  The remaining 
$336,000 of the grant will be paid upon project completion.

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Canadian Funds   
LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (Continued)

Future Liquidity and Capital Needs (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

On May 16, 2023 announced the execution of an agreement (“Agreement”) to return Kinlytic® urokinase 
(“Kinlytic”) to market.  Its Agreement is with Sequel Pharma, LLC (“Sequel”), a specialty pharma company 
with expertise in developing and commercializing drugs for the U.S. market that is funded by a leading 
private equity firm. 

The Agreement provides for Sequel to fund and undertake the necessary work to return Kinlytic® to the 
U.S. for the clinical indication of venous catheter clearance, currently a US$ 400 million per year market that 
is a monopoly. Long-term venous catheters are used to administer pharmaceuticals, nutrition, or dialysis, 
often needing to remain in place for extended periods. About 25% of such catheters become blocked with 
blood clots and, if not cleared, can require costly surgical replacement. On May 16, 2023, Microbix received 
an upfront payment of US$ 2.0 million under the Agreement. Subsequent to year end the Company received 
the next milestone payment of US$ 2.0 million in November 2023, alongside confirmation of full project 
funding for Kinlytic’s return to the U.S. market.

Microbix will continue to monitor and manage its cash position, with the objective of anticipating and 

meeting all current and future liquidity and capital needs.

Outstanding Share Capital
Share capital issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2023 was $49,044,488 for 136,853,373 common 
shares and September 30, 2022 was $49,918,916 for 138,991,373 common shares.  The Company continues 
to repurchase shares through our NCIB, as outlined in the section below.

Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”)
On October 3, 2022 the Company initiated a Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) program for the repurchase 
and cancellation of outstanding common shares.  In accordance with the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange 
and  as  detailed  in  the  Company’s  news  release  of  September  28,  2022,  the  NCIB  enabled  the  Company 
to repurchase up to 5% of its common shares over a 12-month period.  During fiscal 2023 the Company 
repurchased 2,892,000 shares at a cost of $1,114,156 and cancelled 2,589,000 shares.

On December 8, 2023 the Company initiated new Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) program for the 
repurchase and cancellation of outstanding common shares.  In accordance with the rules of the Toronto 
Stock Exchange and as detailed in the Company’s news release of December 6, 2023, the NCIB enables the 
Company to repurchase up to 5% of its common shares over a 12-month period.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or 
future material effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital 
expenditures or capital resources. 

TREND INFORMATION

Historical spending patterns are no indication of future expenditures. Investment in the new products and 
technologies is at the discretion of management and the board of directors. The Company is not aware of 
any material trends related to its business that have not been discussed in this Management Discussion and 
Analysis dated September 30, 2023.

 10

Canadian Funds   
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Canadian Funds 

The Company has exposure to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. The Company’s Board of Directors 
has the overall responsibility for the oversight of these risks and reviews the Company’s policies on an 
ongoing basis to ensure that these risks are appropriately managed, including through the use of financial 
instruments where appropriate. Further discussion of the management of such risks is included in note 21 
to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2023.

The Company is exposed to business risks, both known and unknown, which may or may not affect 
its  operations.  Management  works  continuously  to  mitigate  unacceptable  risk,  while  still  allowing  the 
business to grow and prosper. These risk factors include the following:

A significant portion of Antigens Product sales are dependent on key clients, open borders, international 
transportation systems, and access to raw materials.
A significant share of the Company’s antigen product sales are sold to a few key customers globally. These 
products contributed a significant share of the revenues. The loss of a key customer, or restrictions on export, 
import, or international transportation of its products, raw materials or insufficient marketing resources, 
could materially impact revenue and profitability, as well as the value of inventories and other assets.

Environmental, safety and other regulatory
Microbix’ research and manufacturing operations involve potentially hazardous materials. The Company 
takes  extensive  precautions  to  appropriately  manage  these  materials  as  regulated  by  the  applicable 
environmental  and  safety  authorities.  Changes  in  environmental  and  safety  legislation  may  limit  the 
Company’s activities or increase costs.   An environmental accident could adversely impact its operations. 
Microbix’  antigen  products  are  considered  a  production  ingredient  and  not  directly  regulated  by 
governments in Canada or other jurisdictions. Commercialization of certain quality assessment products 
require approval of regulatory agencies such as the FDA, in which case Microbix will not receive revenue 
until regulatory approval is obtained.

Quality Assessment Products in development
The  Company  has  multiple  quality  assessment  products  under  development,  with  the  goal  of  building 
its sales of this category of product. There is no assurance that these development activities will result 
in the completion of new commercial products. If the Company is unable to develop and commercialize 
products, it will be unable to recover its related product development investments. 

Viral Transport Medium Products (DxTM)
Microbix’s DxTM is principally reliant upon sales to designates of the Government of Ontario.  There is no 
assurance that sales to such designates will resume or that other customers will be secured.

Product commercialization requires strategic relationships
To  commercialize  large  market  products  in  development,  Microbix  may  need  to  establish  strategic 
partnerships,  joint  ventures  or  licensing  relationships  with  pharmaceutical,  biotechnology  or  animal 
genetics companies. It is possible the Company may be unable to negotiate mutually acceptable terms.

 11

Canadian Funds   
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Operating and capital requirements
Microbix seeks to earn a profit on the sale of its Antigens, QAPs and DxTM products, which is a major source 
of  funding  for  its  new  product  oriented  research  and  development  activities.  The  Company  believes  that 
cash generated from operations is sufficient to meet normal operating and capital requirements. However, 
the Company may need to raise additional funds, from time to time for several reasons including, to expand 
production  capacity,  to  advance  its  current  research  and  development  programs,  to  support  various 
collaboration initiatives with third parties, to underwrite the cost of filing, prosecuting and enforcing patents and 
other intellectual property rights, to invest in acquisitions, new technologies and new market developments. 
Additional financing may not be available, and even if available, may not be offered on acceptable terms. 

Future success may depend on successfully commercializing new products or technologies
In the nearer term, Microbix must maintain and grow its existing product sales. To survive and prosper 
over the longer term, Microbix may need to commercialize new products or technologies. Such work is 
inherently uncertain and there is no guarantee that Microbix will be successful with its efforts.

Failure to obtain and protect intellectual property could adversely affect business
Microbix’ future success depends, in part, on its ability to obtain patents, or licenses to patents, maintain 
trade  secret  protection  and  enforce  its  rights  against  others.  The  Company’s  intellectual  property 
includes trade secrets and know-how that may not be protected by patents. There is no assurance that 
the  Company  will  be  able  to  protect  its  trade  know-how.  To  help  protect  its  intellectual  property,  the 
Company  requires  employees,  consultants,  advisors  and  collaborators  to  enter  into  confidentiality 
agreements. However, these agreements may not adequately protect trade secrets, know-how or other 
proprietary  information  in  the  event  of  any  unauthorized  use  or  disclosure.  Protection  of  intellectual 
property may also entail prosecuting claims against others who the Company believes are infringing its 
rights or securing its freedom to operate relative to the rights of other parties. Involvement in intellectual 
property  litigation  could  result  in  significant  costs,  adversely  affecting  the  development  of  products 
or  sales  of  the  challenged  product,  or  intellectual  property,  and  divert  the  efforts  of  its  scientific  and 
management personnel, whether or not such litigation is resolved in the Company’s favour.

Microbix will continue to face significant competition
Competition  from  life  sciences  companies,  and  academic  and  research  institutions  is  significant.  Many 
competitors  have  substantially  greater  resources  and  may  have  greater  general  capabilities  in  the  areas 
of  scientific  and  product  development,  legal  review,  manufacturing,  sales  and  marketing,  and  financial 
support  than  Microbix.  While  the  Company  continues  to  expand  its  technological,  commercial,  legal  and 
financial capabilities in order to remain competitive, Microbix’ competitors may also be making significant 
investments in all of these areas, which could make it more difficult for Microbix to commercialize its products 
and technologies.

 12

Canadian Funds   
 
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Canadian Funds 

The primary risks affecting the Company are summarized below and have not changed during the fiscal 
year. The list does not cover all risks, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of management to mitigate 
the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk.

Credit risk:
The  Company’s  cash  is  held  in  accounts  or  short-term  interest-bearing  accounts  at  one  of  the  major 
Canadian  chartered  banks.    Management  perceives  the  credit  risk  to  be  low.    Typically  the  outstanding 
accounts receivable balance is relatively concentrated with a few large customers representing the majority 
of the value. With respect to the outstanding accounts receivable balance, as at September 30, 2023, five 
customers  accounted  for  81%  (September  30,  2022  -  five  customers  accounted  for  56%).    Concerning 
revenues, for the year ended September 30, 2023, five customers accounted for 64% (September 30, 2022 - 
five customers accounted for 58%).   The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past several quarters 
and accordingly management has recorded an allowance of $35,000 (September 30, 2022 - $35,000).

Currency risk:
The Company is exposed to currency risk given its global customer base. 60-70% of its revenue is denominated 
in either U.S. dollars or Euros. The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge this currency risk.   
At September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held in 
foreign currencies are:

U.S. dollars 
September 30  September 30 

Euros
September 30  September 30

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable  
and accrued liabilities 

$      2,168,075      $ 
 302,698     
$      2,700,930      $  1,645,040   

  25,225    
$ 
$   1,043,883    

$  
    87,613 
$   1,221,837 

$       173,959       $    126,716     

$ 

40,753   

$ 

45,994  

Based upon 2023 results, the impact of a 5% increase in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar 
would result in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $621,000 Cdn. The impact 
of a 5% increase in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based 
revenue of approximately $164,500. Correspondingly, the impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against 
the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $621,000 
Cdn. The impact of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual 
Euro-based revenue of approximately $164,500. 

 13

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
  
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Liquidity risk
Liquidity  risk  measures  the  Company’s  ability  to  meet  its  financial  obligations  when  they  fall  due.  To 
manage  this  situation,  the  Company  projects  and  monitors  its  cash  requirements  to  accommodate 
changes in liquidity needs. In addition, during fiscal 2017 the Company announced that it has arranged a 
secured revolving credit facility with The Toronto-Dominion Bank (“TD Bank”) and Export Development 
Canada (“EDC”). The credit facility is being used to fund the Company’s need for working capital to grow 
its existing business.  When employed, this facility has helped to satisfy the Company’s liquidity needs and 
to manage the liquidity risk.

Interest rate risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to interest rate risk include those assets and 
liabilities with a variable interest rate. Exposure to interest rate risk is primarily on the BDC debt that has a 
variable rate pegged to the bank rate. The rate can be fixed, if the outlook indicates interest rates will move 
higher. The only other variable debt the Company has is the $2,000,000 line of credit that bears interest at 
the bank’s prime lending rate plus 2.0%. As at September 30, 2023 the Company has not drawn on this line 
of credit.  A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately $17,000 per year for BDC 
and about $20,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the fiscal year.  However, this 
would be somewhat offset by increase interest income on our short-term investments.

Market risk
Market risk reflects changes in pricing for both Antigens & QAPs and raw materials based on supply and 
demand  criteria;  also  market  forces  can  affect  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  as  well  as  interest  rates 
which could affect the Company’s financial performance or the value of its financial instruments. Microbix 
products are valuable components in our customers’ products and cannot be easily replaced. The Company 
works closely with customers to ensure its products meet their specific criteria.

Fair value
The  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  is  approximated  by  the  consideration  that  would  be  agreed  to  in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgement is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could 
be  realized  in  a  current  market  exchange  could  be  different  than  the  estimated  value.  The  fair  values  of 
financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate their carrying values due 
to their short-term nature.

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities. The convertible and non-convertible debenture fair values are not readily determinable as 
the convertible debentures have been issued to shareholders of the Company. The fair values of financial 
instruments in other long-term liabilities approximate their carrying values as they are recorded at the net 
present values of their future cash flows, using an appropriate discount rate.

 14

Canadian Funds   
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

Canadian Funds 

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company’s 
audited  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  and  the  reporting 
currency  is  Canadian  dollars.  On  an  on-going  basis,  management  bases  its  estimates  on  historical  and 
other experience and assumptions, which it believes are reasonable in the circumstances. The significant 
accounting policies that the Company believes are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating 
the reported financial results include:

Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include technology costs, patents, trademarks and licenses. Each is recorded at cost and 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements or useful life of the asset.  Amortization 
commences when the intangible asset is available for use.  Intangibles with definite lives but not yet available 
for use are assessed at least annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives for potential impairment 
when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The 
carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives but are not ready for  use, are assessed at least 
annually for impairment based on the impairment test on cash-generating units (CGUs). The impairment 
test on CGUs is carried out by comparing the carrying amount of the CGU and its recoverable amount. 
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. This 
complex valuation process entails the use of methods such as the discounted cash method which requires 
numerous assumptions to estimate future cash flows. 

The recoverable amount is impacted significantly by the discount rate selected to be used in the discounted 
cash flow model, as well as the quantum and timing of risk-adjusted future cash flows and the growth rate used 
for the extrapolation.  The impairment loss is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the asset and 
its carrying value. 

Convertible Debentures
Management  determines  the  fair  value  of  the  debenture  using  valuation  techniques.  Those  techniques 
are significantly affected by the estimated assumptions used, including discount rates, expected life and 
estimates of future cash flows.

Deferred income taxes
Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences 
attributable  to  differences  between  financial  statement  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
their respective income tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates 
expected to be in effect when   the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effects 
of changes in income tax rates are reflected in future income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate 
changes are substantively enacted.

 15

Canadian Funds   
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Share-based payments
The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation for awards granted 
to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The fair value of the award at the time of 
granting is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation 
expense on a straight- line basis over the vesting period with an offsetting amount recorded to contributed 
surplus. The amount of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion 
of the options vested at that date. When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees 
or directors, together with the related amount in contributed surplus, is credited to capital stock. When an 
employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised within 90 days, or the options expire. Any 
unvested options pertaining to departing employees are reversed in the reporting period during which that 
employee  leaves the Company.

Revenue Recognition Variable
Revenue  Recognition  Variable  consideration  included  within  a  revenue  arrangement  requires  significant 
judgement to determine the amount and timing of revenue recognition due to revenue being constrained 
until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognition 
will not occur.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

The  fair  value  of  a  financial  instrument  is  approximated  by  the  consideration  that  would  be  agreed  to  in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgment is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could be 
realized in a current market exchange could be different than the estimated value.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, bank indebtedness, accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Based on 
available market information, the fair value of the obligation under capital lease approximates its carrying value. 
The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities.  The fair value of the liability for each convertible debenture has been calculated and the 
residual is accounted for in equity. The Company does not have any off balance sheet financial instruments.

Disclosure Controls
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in the National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure 
in Issuer’s Annual Filings (NI 52-109F1).   As at September 30, 2023, management has concluded that the 
disclosure controls are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed 
in the Company’s reports is recorded, processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified 
in the Canadian Securities Administrator’s rules and forms.

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
The  design  of  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  (“ICFR”)  within  the  company  is  a  management 
responsibility  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  that  the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes is in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles of IFRS. While the CEO and CFO believe that the internal controls are adequate to provide the above 
information, the process to evaluate and document all policies and procedures that could impact financial 
reporting is continuously reviewed with consultation with the Audit Committee. Shareholders should be aware 
that Microbix is a small company without the department resources associated with larger firms. Management 
is using the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Framework and 
has concluded that the Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“ICFR”) as defined in NI 52-109 is effective as 

 16

Canadian Funds   
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  (Continued)

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

at the period ended September 30, 2023. Examination by the Chief Executive Officer and the  Chief Financial 
Officer showed that there were no changes to the internal controls over financial reporting during the period 
ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably thought to materially affect, the 
internal control over financial reporting.

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts (“IAS 37”) 
In May 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent 
Assets, to specify that the cost of fulfilling a contract comprises the costs that relate directly to the contract, 
and can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs that relate 
directly to fulfilling contracts.   The new guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after 
January 1, 2022 and will be applied to contracts that have unfulfilled obligations as at the beginning of 
that period. The Company has concluded that there is no impact of adopting these amendments on its 
consolidated financial statements.

Amendments to IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”) 
As part of its 2018-2020 annual improvements to IFRS standards process, the IASB issued an amendment 
to IFRS 9. The amendment clarifies the fees that an entity includes when assessing whether the terms of a 
new or modified financial liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability. 
These fees include only those paid or received between the borrower and the lender, including fees paid 
or received by either the borrower or lender on the other’s behalf. An entity applies the amendment to 
financial liabilities that are modified or exchanged on or after the beginning of the annual reporting period 
in which the entity first applies the amendment. The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2022 with earlier adoption permitted. The Company has concluded that 
there is no impact of adopting these amendments on its consolidated financial statements.

IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

Amendments to IAS 1 
In January 2020, the IASB issued Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current, which amends IAS 1. 
The narrow scope amendments affect only the presentation of liabilities in the statement of financial position 
and not the amount or timing of their recognition. The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities 
as current or non-current should be based on rights that are in existence at the end of the reporting period 
and align the wording in all affected paragraphs to refer to the right to defer settlement by at least twelve 
months. That classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity will exercise its deferral right. The 
amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024 and are to be 
applied  retrospectively.  The  Company  is  still  assessing  the  impact  of  adopting  these  amendments  on  its 
financial statements. 

Amendments to IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (“IAS 8”) 
In February 2021, the IASB issued Definition of Accounting Estimates, which amends IAS 8. The amendment 
replaces  the  definition  of  a  change  in  accounting  estimates  with  a  definition  of  accounting  estimates. 
Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are 
subject to measurement uncertainty”. 

The amendment provides clarification to help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and 
accounting estimates. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on after January 1, 
2023. The Company is still assessing the impact of adopting these amendments on its financial statements. 

 17

Canadian Funds   
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BUT NOT YET ADOPTED (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 
In February 2021, the IASB issued Disclosure of Accounting Policies, which amends IAS 1 and IFRS Practice 
Statement  2.  The  amendments  are  intended  to  help  preparers  in  deciding  which  accounting  policies 
to disclose in their financial statements. The amendment to IAS 1 requires companies to disclose their 
material accounting policy information rather than significant accounting policies. The amendment also 
clarifies that not all accounting policy information that relates to material transactions, other events or 
conditions  is  material  to  the  financial  statements.  The  amendment  to  IFRS  Practice  Statement  2  adds 
guidance and examples to the materiality practice statement, which explains how to apply the materiality 
process  to  identify  material  accounting  policy  information.  The  amendments  are  effective  for  annual 
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and are to be applied prospectively. The Company is still 
assessing the impact of adopting these amendments on its financial statements. 

Amendments to IAS 12 – Income Taxes (“IAS 12”) 
Amendments to IAS 12 were issued in May 2021, IASB issued Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities 
arising from a Single Transaction, which amends IAS 12. The amendment narrows the scope of the initial 
recognition exemption so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offset temporary 
differences. As a result, companies will need to recognize a deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability for 
temporary differences arising on initial recognition of transactions such as leases and decommissioning 
obligations. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and 
are to be applied retrospectively.  The Company is still assessing the impact of adopting these amendments 
on its financial statements.

 18

Canadian Funds   
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

To the Shareholders of Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Opinion 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Microbix Biosystems Inc. and its subsidiaries 
[the “Group”], which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at September 30, 
2023  and  2022,  and  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  (loss)  and  comprehensive  income  (loss), 
consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows 
for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies. 

In  our  opinion,  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material 
respects,  the  consolidated  financial  position  of  the  Group  as  at  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  and 
its  consolidated  financial  performance  and  its  consolidated  cash  flows  for  the  years  then  ended  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards [“IFRS”]. 

Basis for opinion 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards.  Our 
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit 
of  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  section  of  our  report.    We  are  independent  of  the  Group  in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial 
statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and  appropriate  to 
provide a basis for our opinion.   

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the 
audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in 
the context of the audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming the auditor’s 
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For each matter below, our 
description of how our audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.

We  have  fulfilled  the  responsibilities  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the 
consolidated financial statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters.  Accordingly, 
our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks 
of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements. The results of our audit procedures, 
including the procedures performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion 
on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 19

Canadian Funds   
  Key Audit Matters  
  Inventories Costing – work in process and finished goods   How our audit addressed the key audit matter

As  at  September  30,  2023,  the  inventories 
balance was $5.6 million, which was comprised 
of  raw  materials,  work  in  process  and  finished 
goods.  Inventory  is  recorded  at  the  lower  of 
cost  and  net  realizable  value.  The  cost  for 
work  in  process  and  finished  goods  includes 
direct  costs  incurred  in  production  including 
raw  materials,  direct  labour,  depreciation  and 
directly attributable overhead costs and indirect 
overhead  costs  based  on  normal  operating 
capacity.  The  Company  uses  the  weighted 
average  cost  method  to  measure  the  cost  of 
work  in  process  and  finished  goods.  Note  3  of 
the consolidated financial statements describes 
the accounting policy for inventories.

to 

Auditing  the  Company’s 
inventory  costing 
requires  significant  audit  effort  in  performing 
procedures 
evaluate  management’s 
application  of  the  standard  cost  and  overhead 
absorption  for  work  in  process  and  finished 
goods inventories due to the inputting of various 
inventory cost elements. As a result, the nature 
of management’s process gives rise to a risk that 
an  error  may  occur  in  the  costing  process  for 
work in process and finished goods inventories.

The  procedures,  amongst  others,  performed  to  test 
the inventory costing process for work in process and 
finished goods, included:

•  We assessed the Company’s accounting policy for 

inventories for compliance with IAS 2; 

•  Examined  evidence  of  cost 

in 
the  determination  of  standard  cost  rates  for 
inventories on a product-by-product basis; 

inputs  used 

•  For  a  sample  of  work  in  process  and  finished 
goods inventories, we recalculated the underlying 
inventories  cost  elements;  including  materials, 
labour and overheads; 

•  For  a  sample  of  work  in  process  and  finished 
goods  inventories,  we  examined  the  actual  costs 
of  raw  materials,  direct  labour  and  overhead  by 
comparing  the  amounts  to  external  and  internal 
data sources such as invoices and payroll records;
•  Obtained  managements  over/under  absorption 
analysis  and  compared  the  allocation  of  labour 
and  overhead  cost  to  products  in  the  standard 
cost  calculation  used  by  management  to  the 
actual costs incurred; and 

•  Recalculated the over/under absorption amounts 
to be capitalized to work in process and finished 
goods inventories.

 20

Canadian Funds    
Revenue recognition and reversal of impairment       How our audit addressed the key audit matter relating 
to Kinlytic urokinase (“Kinlytic”)

The procedures, amongst others, performed to audit 
revenue  recognition  and  the  reversal  of  impairment 
relating to the Kinlytic intangible asset, included:

• 

Inspected  the  Agreement  with  Sequel  and 
reviewed  Management’s 
IFRS  15  accounting 
assessment for the Agreement;

•  Compared  the  stand-alone  selling  price  of  the 
to  other 

identified  performance  obligations 
market-based comparables;  

•  Evaluated 

the  Company’s  discounted  cash 
flow  model  and  valuation  methodology  for  the 
recoverable amount of the CGU;

•  Assessed  the  appropriateness  of  the  revenue 
projections based on the estimated market share, 
growth  rates  and  discount  rates  used  in  the 
impairment assessment; and

•  Performed  sensitivity  analysis  on  discount  rates 
and other key assumptions to evaluate changes in 
the recoverable amount of the CGU.

The  Company  acquired  the  assets  and  rights 
pertaining  to  the  development,  production,  and 
licensing  of  Kinlytic  from  ImaRX  Therapeutics, 
Inc.  in  2008,  as  described  in  notes  7  and  23.  
Subsequently, this intangible asset, which was not 
yet available for use and included in the Kinlytic 
cash  generating  unit  (“CGU”)  was  determined  to 
be  impaired  and  accordingly  the  Company  had 
recognised  an  impairment  charge  of  $3,078,585 
during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020.        In 
the  current  year,  the  Company  announced  the 
execution  of  an  agreement  (“Agreement”)  with 
Sequel Pharma, LLC (“Sequel”) to return Kinlytic 
to market and for the year ended September 30, 
2023,  recorded  revenue  of  $1,348,500.  Further, 
during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  the 
Company  determined  that  there  were  indicators 
that  the  impairment  charge  recognised  in  prior 
periods  may  no  longer  exist  and  estimated  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  based  on  its 
estimated future discounted cash flows resulting 
in  a  reversal  of  earlier  impairment  recognized  in 
the amount of $3,078,585.  

We  determined  that  revenue  recognition  relating 
to the Agreement for the Company is a matter of 
significance  to  the  audit  due  to  the  significant 
judgements made by management in determining 
the timing and recognition of variable consideration 
related  to  milestone  payments.  We 
further 
determined  that  the  Company’s  determination 
of  the  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU  included 
judgement  and  subjectivity  in  evaluating  the 
estimates  and  assumptions  used.  Significant 
assumptions included revenue projections based 
on  estimated  market  share,  growth  rates  and 
discount rates, which are affected by expectations 
about  future  market  and  economic  conditions 
specific to the CGU.

 21

Canadian Funds    
Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises:

•  Management’s Discussion and Analysis; and
•  The information, other than the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, 

in the Annual Report.

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not 
and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the 
other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with 
the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be 
materially misstated. 

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Annual Report prior to the date of this auditor’s 
report. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this 
other information, we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We have nothing to report 
in this regard.  

Responsibilities  of  Management  and  Those  Charged  with  Governance  for  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements 

Management  is  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary 
to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s 
ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and 
using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or 
to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements 
as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s 
report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always 
detect  a  material  misstatement  when  it  exists.  Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are 
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence 
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

 22

Canadian Funds  As  part  of  an  audit  in  accordance  with  Canadian  generally  accepted  auditing  standards,  we  exercise 
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

• 

Identify  and  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 
not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Group’s internal control. 

•  Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management.

•  Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  management’s  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting 
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s 
report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to 
continue as a going concern. 

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure, and content of the consolidated financial statements, 
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying 
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

We  communicate  with  those  charged  with  governance  regarding,  among  other  matters,  the  planned 
scope  and  timing  of  the  audit  and  significant  audit  findings,  including  any  significant  deficiencies  in 
internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical  requirements  regarding  independence,  and  to  communicate  with  them  all  relationships  and 
other  matters  that  may  reasonably  be  thought  to  bear  on  our  independence,  and  where  applicable, 
related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were  of  most  significance  in  the  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  current  period 
and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or 
regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we 
determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of 
doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Laura Sluce.

Toronto, Canada 
December 19, 2023

 23

Canadian Funds   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION  

As at  September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 

Canadian Funds

ASSETS  
     CURRENT ASSETS  

Cash and cash equivalents  
Accounts receivable (Note 21) 
Inventories (Note 5)  
Prepaid expenses and other assets  
Investment tax credit receivable  
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS  

     LONG-TERM ASSETS
Long-term deposits 
Property, plant and equipment (Note 6) 
Intangible assets (Note 7) 

     TOTAL LONG-TERM ASSETS  

TOTAL ASSETS  

LIABILITIES  
     CURRENT LIABILITIES  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 9) 
Current portion of lease liability (Note 6) 
Deferred revenue (Note 23) 

     TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES  
     LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Debentures (Note 8) 
Lease liability (Note 6) 
Other long-term liabilities (Note 23) 
Long-term debt (Note 9)  
     TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES  

TOTAL LIABILITIES  

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Share capital (Note 11)  
Equity component of  
         convertible debentures (Note 8) 
Contributed surplus  
Accumulated deficit  

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

TOTAL LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 25)

As at 
September 30, 
2023 

As at
September 30,
2022

$    11,606,487          $   13,488,075     

     4,119,771  
     5,752,031  
    767,451  
   56,266  
   22,302,006  

  3,057,797   
 5,284,920   
 546,318   
 31,262   
 22,408,372   

 -          
   8,927,600  
   4,423,418   
   13,351,018   

 332,250   
 8,906,256   
 1,498,318   
 10,736,824    

 $   35,653,024        

 $  33,145,196    

 $    2,080,284    
 111,120   
    154,301   
   2,004,237   
  4,349,942   

$     1,828,539    
 111,120   
 156,231   
 554,631   
 2,650,521   

  1,789,394   
 699,733   
 298,691   
  3,890,777   
  6,678,595   

 1,628,262   
 846,114   
-          
 3,081,644   
 5,556,020   

$   11,028,537   

$    8,206,541   

  $   49,044,488         $   49,918,916    

   2,272,566   
 10,218,847   
  (36,911,414)  
$   24,624,487    

  2,272,566   
 9,619,104   
 (36,871,931)  
$   24,938,655      

 $   35,653,024       

 $   33,145,196       

(Signed) “Martin Marino”
Martin Marino
Director 

(Signed) “Cameron L. Groome”
caMeron L. GrooMe
Director 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 24

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                        
 
                      
 
            
 
 
 
                       
 
                 
 
 
 
                     
 
                     
 
           
            
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
   
 
 
 
               
 
               
 
               
 
              
                        
 
                    
 
                    
 
                    
 
                       
                          
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
  
  
 
            
 
  
 
  
                          
 
 
  
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the years ended  September 30, 2023 and 2022 

SALES 
     Product sales (Notes 22, 23) 
     Royalties and other sales 
TOTAL SALES 

COST OF GOODS SOLD
     Product costs (Notes 5, 15) 
     Royalties  
TOTAL COST OF GOODS SOLD  

GROSS MARGIN 

EXPENSES
     Selling and business development (Notes 15) 
     General and administrative (Notes 15) 
     Research and development (Notes 15) 

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE, FINANCE  
EXPENSES AND REVERSAL OF IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-TERM ASSET 

    Reversal of impairment of intangible asset (Notes 7) 
    Finance expenses, net (Notes 18) 

Canadian Funds

2023 

2022

$    14,679,541      $ 18,667,558    
 408,683   
 19,076,241   

   1,835,235  
 16,514,776  

     8,965,536  
  67,906  
  9,033,442  

 7,889,140  
 62,259   
 7,951,399   

  7,481,334  

 11,124,842   

   1,478,277  
  6,692,749  
  2,046,740  

 1,553,802   
 5,161,552   
 1,799,275   

 (2,736,432) 

 2,610,213   

 (3,078,585) 
      381,636  

 -   
 744,290   

INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR, BEFORE INCOME TAXES 

  (39,483) 

 1,865,923  

INCOME TAXES
    Current income taxes (Notes 16) 

NET INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE   
INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR 

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
     Basic (Note 14)  
     Diluted (Note 14)  

 -  

   77,234

  $ 

 (39,483) 

 $   1,788,689     

 $ 
 $ 

  (0.000)  
 (0.000)  

 $ 
 $ 

0.013 
0.013 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 25

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
      
 
    
 
    
 
   
 
    
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
    
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the years ended  September 30, 2023 and 2022 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net Income (Loss) for the Year 
Items not affecting cash 
    Amortization and depreciation (Note 15) 
    Accretion of debentures (Note 8) 
    Share-based compensation (Note 13) 
    Accretion interest expense (Notes 6, 9, 18) 
    Reversal of impairment of intangible asset (Note 7) 
    Change in non-cash working capital balances (Note 17) 

Canadian Funds

2023 

2022

$      (39,483)   

 $   1,788,689  

     1,157,169  
    161,132  
  735,318  
  189,728  
   (3,078,585) 
    (219,840) 

 1,036,400  
 202,685  
 649,693  
 127,824  
 -  
 (340,092) 

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

   (1,094,561) 

 3,465,199  

INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

    Purchase of property, plant and equipment (Note 6)  

   (1,016,232)  

   (2,025,638) 

CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

  (1,016,232)  

 (2,025,638) 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

    Repayments of long-term debt (Note 9)  
    Proceeds from Government Loan and Grants (Note 9)  
    Repayments of non-convertible debentures (Note 8)  
    Payment of lease liabilities 
    Repurchase of common share units, net of costs (Note 11)  
    Proceeds from exercise of warrants and options (Note 12, 13)  

CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

NET CHANGE IN CASH - DURING THE YEAR 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF YEAR 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF YEAR 

 (111,120)  
   1,540,530  
       -        
   (190,202)  
  (1,115,263)  
  105,260   

 (390,630) 
 1,072,102  
 (1,816,821) 
 (246,579)
 - 
 3,444,130  

      229,205   

 2,062,202  

  (1,881,588) 
    13,488,075  

   3,501,763  
 9,986,312  

$ 11,606,487        $ 13,488,075   

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 26

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
           
 
  
 
         
 
         
 
         
 
  
 
  
 
                   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based   
       compensation expense 

Share Issuance pursuant to  
      Exercise of Warrents 
      Exercise of Options 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

For the years ended  September 30, 2023 and 2022 

  SHARE CAPITAL (Note 9) 
STATED 
NUMBER OF 
CAPITAL 
SHARES 

CONTRIBUTED 
SURPLUS 

DEFICIT 

Canadian Funds

EQUITY  
COMPONENT OF 
DEBENTURES 

TOTAL
  SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2021        126,377,167   $43,609,601   $10,703,374   $(38,660,620)  $2,903,789   $18,556,144   

Share-based compensation expense 

 -         

 -         

        649,693 

-        

 -         

     649,693 

Share Issuance pursuant to  
       Exercise of Warrants 
       Exercise of Options 

   7,480,293  
  2,960,000  

 3,808,072  
 1,370,020  

 (1,170,743) 
 (563,220) 

-        
-        

 -         
 -         

     2,637,329 
     806,800 

Conversion of Debenture 

    2,173,913  

 1,131,222   

 -         

-        

 (631,222) 

  499,999 

Net income and comprehensive  
      income for the year 

 -         

 -         

 -        

   1,788,689   

 -                 1,788,689  

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2022     138,991,373    $49,918,916    $9,619,104  $(36,871,931)  $2,272,566   $24,938,655  

 -         

 -         

      735,318 

 -        

 -         

     735,318 

Repurchase of Shares 

     (2,589,000) 

 (1,036,200) 

 (79,063) 

         21,000  
    430,000  

 9,702  
 152,070  

 (2,142)  
 (54,370) 

 -        
-        

-       

 -         
 -         

     7,560 
     97,700

-         

  (1,115,263)

Net loss and comprehensive 
      loss for the year 

 -         

 -         

 -        

    (39,483) 

 -         

       (39,483)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 (1)   136,853,373    $49,044,488   $10,218,847   $(36,911,414)   $2,272,566   $24,624,487 

(1) Includes 303,000 (book value $108,347) treasury shares as at September 30, 2023 ( September 30, 2022 - nil); see Note 11. 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 27

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

1. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

Microbix Biosystems Inc. and it’s subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Microbix”), incorporated under the laws of the Province 
of  Ontario,  develops  and  commercializes  proprietary  biological  and  technology  solutions  for  human  health  and  well-
being.  Microbix manufactures a wide range of critical biological materials and medical devices for the global diagnostics 
industry, notably test ingredients (Antigen business) used in immunoassays, quality assessment and proficiency testing 
controls (QAPs™ business), and sample collection devices (DxTM™ business). 

The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at 265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga, 

Ontario, L4Z 1P3.     

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The Company’s management prepared these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).  The Board of Directors 
approved these consolidated financial statements on December 19, 2023. 

The comparative audited consolidated financial statements have been reclassified from the statements previously 

presented to conform to the presentation of the current consolidated financial statements.

Basis of measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation 
of certain financial assets and financial liabilities to fair value. The consolidated financial statements are presented in 
Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency.

Basis of consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Crucible 
Biotechnologies Limited, over which the Company has control. Control exists when the entity is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
entity. The non-controlling interest component, if any, of the Company’s subsidiary is included in equity.  All significant 
intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 28

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of estimates and judgments
The  preparation  of  consolidated  financial  statements  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and  judgments  that 
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the 
consolidated  financial  statements  and  the  reported  amounts  of  revenue  and  expenses  during  the  reporting  periods.  
Actual results could differ from estimates and such differences could be material.

Key areas of managerial judgments and estimates are as follows: 

Property, plant and equipment
Measurement of property, plant and equipment involves the use of estimates for determining the expected useful lives of 
depreciable assets.  Management’s judgment is also required to determine depreciation methods and an asset’s residual 
value and whether an asset is a qualifying asset for the purposes of capitalizing borrowing costs.

Financial assets and liabilities
Estimates  and  judgments  are  also  made  in  the  determination  of  fair  value  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  and 
include assumptions and estimates regarding future interest rates, the relative creditworthiness of the Company to its 
counterparties, the credit risk of the Company’s counterparties relative to the Company, the estimated future cash flows 
and discount rates.

Income taxes
The  Company  recognizes  tax-related  items  such  as  deferred  tax  assets,  tax-loss  carry-forwards  and  other  deductible 
temporary differences where it is probable that sufficient future taxable income can be generated in order to fully utilize 
such losses and deductions. This requires significant estimates and assumptions regarding future earnings, and the ability 
to implement certain tax planning opportunities in order to assess the likelihood of utilizing such losses and deductions.

Fair value of share-based compensation
The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of the equity 
instruments  at  the  date  on  which  they  are  granted.  Estimating  fair  value  for  share-based  compensation  transactions 
requires determining the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. 
This estimate also requires determining the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of 
the share option, volatility, dividend yield and forfeiture rates and making assumptions about them. 

Impairments
Long-lived  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  upon  the  occurrence  of  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicating 
that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. For the purpose of measuring recoverable amounts, assets 
are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units or “CGUs”). 
The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.  An impairment loss is 
recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. Management evaluates 
impairment losses for potential reversals when events or circumstances warrant such consideration. 

Revenue recognition
Variable consideration included within a revenue arrangement requires significant judgment to determine the amount 
and timing of revenue recognition due to revenue being constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue 
reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

 29

Canadian Funds   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from product sales are recognized when control of the promised good is transferred to the Company’s customers, 
in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods.      

Revenues from licensing of the Company’s intangible assets are recognized when the service is rendered and control 
of the service is transferred to the Company’s customers.  Licensing revenue is comprised of upfront payments and certain 
milestones, and royalties. Upfront payments and milestones, not representing a financing component are recognized 
to  coincide  with  the  timing  of  when  control  is  transferred,  which  may  either  be  a  point  in  time  or  over  time.    Certain 
of the Company’s licensing agreements include variable consideration due to uncertainty as to the amount of revenue 
earned. Revenue from variable consideration is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant 
reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable 
consideration is subsequently resolved (variable consideration constraint).

The Company may invoice certain customers in advance for contracted product sales. Amounts received in advance of 
control of the product transferring to the customer are deferred and recognized as revenue in the period control is transferred.  
The Company may also provide services to customers, such as for development of custom products.  Such service 

revenues are recognized of a percentage of completion basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash  consists  of  cash  on  hand  and  deposits  with  banks  and  investments  in  highly  liquid  instruments  with  original 
maturities of three months or less. 

Financial assets and liabilities

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities (financial instruments) include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable 
and accrued liabilities, long-term debt, bank indebtedness, and convertible debentures.  All financial instruments are 
recorded  at  fair  value  at  recognition.  Financial  instruments  are  measured  by  grouping  them  into  classes  upon  initial 
recognition, based on the purpose of the individual instruments.  

Subsequent  to  initial  recognition,  the  classification  and  measurement  of  the  Company’s  financial  assets  are 

included in one of the following categories:

•  Amortized cost:  Financial instruments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows, where those cash 
flows  represent  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest,  are  measured  at  amortized  cost.    Interest  income 
(expense) from these financial instruments is recorded in net income using the effective interest rate method. 
•  Fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (“FVOCI”):    Debt  instruments  that  are  held  for  collection  of 
contractual  cash  flows  and  for  selling  the  financial  instruments,  where  the  financial  instruments’  cash  flows 
represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI.  Movements in the carrying amount 
are taken through Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”), except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, 
interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses that are recognized in net income.  When the financial 
instrument is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity 
to net income  and recognized in other gains (losses). Interest income (expense) from these financial instruments 
is included in interest using the effective interest rate method.  Foreign exchange gains (losses) are presented in 
other gains (losses) and impairment expenses in other expenses.

•  Fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”):  Financial instruments that do not meet the criteria for amortized 
cost or FVOCI are measured at FVTPL.  A gain or loss on a financial instrument that is subsequently measured at 
FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in net income   and presented net in comprehensive 
income  within other gains (losses) in the period in which it arose.

 30

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Subsequent to initial measurement financial liabilities are either classified as amortized cost or FVTPL when the 
Company revises its estimates of payments of a financial liability to reflect actual and revised estimated contractual 
cash flows.  Gross carrying amount of the amortized cost of the financial liability as the present value of the estimated 
future contractual cash flows that are discounted adjustment is recognized in income.

The  following  summarizes  the  Company’s  classification  and  measurement  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  as  at 
September 30:

Classification and 
Measurement 
Method

2023 

2022

Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 

FVTPL 
  Amortized cost 

$ 

11,606,487   
 4,119,771  

$   13,488,075   
3,057,797   

Financial liabilities:

Accounts payable and  
       accrued liabilities 
Debentures 
Long-term-debt 

Inventories

  Amortized cost 
  Amortized cost  
  Amortized cost 

 $  2,080,284   
1,789,394  
4,001,897  

$  1,828,539   
1,628,262   
3,192,764    

Inventories are comprised of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Inventories are carried at the lower of 
cost and net realizable value. The cost of raw materials is determined on the weighted average cost method.  Cost of 
work in process and finished goods consists of direct costs incurred in production including raw materials, direct labour, 
depreciation on property, plant and equipment and amortization of intangible assets and directly attributable overhead 
costs and indirect overhead costs based on normal operating capacity.  Net realizable value is the estimated selling price 
in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. 
Inventories are written down to net realizable value when the cost of inventories is estimated to be unrecoverable due to 
obsolescence, damage or declining selling prices.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment (if any). Cost includes the 
cost of material, labour and other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition for its intended use. 

Depreciation is calculated at rates which will reduce the original cost to estimated residual value over the estimated useful 
life of each asset. Depreciation commences once the asset is available for use.

Depreciation is provided for at the following basis and rates:

Research and development equipment 
Other equipment and fixtures 
Buildings 

Declining balance, 10-100%
Declining balance, 10-30%
Straight line, 50 years

Land is not depreciated.  Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date 

and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

 31

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Intangible assets

Intangible assets include technology costs, patents, trademarks and licenses. Each is recorded at cost and amortized 
on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements or useful life of the asset.  Amortization commences when 
the intangible asset is available for use.  Intangibles with definite lives but not yet available for use are assessed at 
least annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment.

Impairment of long-lived assets

An impairment charge is recognized for long-lived assets, including intangible assets with definite lives, when an 
event or change in circumstances indicates that the assets’ carrying value may not be recoverable. The impairment 
loss  is  calculated  as  the  difference  between  the  carrying  value  of  the  asset  and  the  recoverable  amount.  The 
recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  the  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell  and  value  in  use.  A  previously  recognized 
impairment  loss  on  long-lived  assets  is  assessed  at  each  reporting  date  for  any  indications  that  the  loss  has 
decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there is a subsequent increase in the recoverable 
amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s or CGU’s carrying value does not exceed 
the carrying value that would have been determined, net of amortization expense, had no impairment loss been 
recognized.  Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.  
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily 
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the 
asset.  All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred. 

Share-based compensation

The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation for awards granted to 
officers, directors and employees of the Company. The fair value of the award at the time of granting is determined 
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation expense over the vesting period 
with  an  offsetting  amount  recorded  to  contributed  surplus.  Each  tranche  in  an  award  is  considered  a  separate 
award with its own vesting period and grant date fair value. 

Share options issued to consultants of the Company are based on the fair value of the services provided. The amount 
of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion of the options vested at that date.  
When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees or directors, together with the related amount in 
contributed surplus, is credited to share capital.  When an employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised 
within 90 days, or the options expire.  Any options that are unvested are reversed in the period that the employee leaves. 

Foreign currency translation

For each entity, the Company determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements 
of each entity are measured using the functional currency, which represents the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which each entity operates.

Foreign currency denominated revenues and expenses are translated by use of the exchange rate in effect at the end of 
the month in which the transaction occurs. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at 
the period-end date. Exchange gains and losses arising on these transactions are included in the consolidated statements 
of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the period.

 32

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Income (Loss) per common share

The Company calculates basic income (loss) per share amounts for profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders. 
Basic income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during 
the period. Diluted income per share is calculated in the same manner as basic income per share except for adjusting 
the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the 
effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Deferred taxes

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences  attributable  to 
differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. 
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available 
against which temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax 
rates  expected  to  be  in  effect  when  the  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The  effects  of 
changes in income tax rates are reflected in deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate changes are 
substantively enacted, with a corresponding charge to income.  The amount of deferred tax assets recognized is limited to 
the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and development expenses

Costs associated with research and development activities are expensed during the year in which they are incurred net of 
tax credits earned, except where product development costs meet the criteria under IFRS for deferral and amortization. 

Investment tax credits

The Company is entitled to Canadian federal and provincial investment tax credits which are earned as a percentage of 
eligible research and development expenditures incurred in each taxation year. Investment tax credits are accounted for 
as a reduction of the related expenditure for items of a current nature and a reduction of the related asset cost for items of 
a long-term nature. These credits are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable 
profits against which to utilize the benefits of the credits in the foreseeable future.

Leases

The Company as lessee

The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract. A contract is, or contains, a 
lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

(i) Right-of-use assets
The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of future lease payments 
when the lessor makes the leased asset available for use by the Company. The right-of-use asset is initially measured 
at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the 
commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying 
asset. The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to 
the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of 
right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. Right-of-use assets are 
subject to impairment.

 33

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Leases (Continued)

(ii) Lease liabilities
The Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease 
term, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-
substance fixed payments), variable payments that depend on an index or a rate, renewal options that are reasonably 
certain to be exercised less any lease incentives receivable. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or 
rate are recognized as an expense in the period in which the event that triggers the payment occurs. In addition, the 
carrying amount of lease payments is reassessed if there is a modification, a change in the lease term or a change in the 
in-substance fixed lease payments. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to not separate the lease 
component and its associated non-lease component.

Management exercises judgment in the process of applying Leases (“IFRS 16”) and determining the appropriate lease 
term on a lease by lease basis.  Renewal options are only included if Management are reasonably certain that the option 
will be renewed. As most of the Company’s operating lease contracts do not provide the implicit interest rate, nor can 
the implicit interest rate be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for 
determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate that 
the Company would pay to borrow an amount necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset on 
a collateralized basis over a similar term.

(iii) Short term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of property, 
plant and equipment that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets, e.g. laptop computers. 
The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over 
the lease term.

Government Financing and Assistance 

Government assistance that requires repayment and that is non-interest bearing is accounted for at its fair value, based on 
management’s best estimate. The difference between the assistance amount and its fair value is accounted for as a government 
grant and recognized in income over the period in which the related costs they are intended to compensate are recognized.

Changes in Accounting Policies

Amendments to IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”) 

As part of its 2018-2020 annual improvements to IFRS standards process, the IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 9. The 
amendment clarifies the fees that an entity includes when assessing whether the terms of a new or modified financial 
liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability. These fees include only those paid or 
received between the borrower and the lender, including fees paid or received by either the borrower or lender on the 
other’s behalf. An entity applies the amendment to financial liabilities that are modified or exchanged on or after the 
beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies the amendment. The amendment is effective 
for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022 with earlier adoption permitted. The Company has 
concluded that there is no impact of adopting these amendments on its consolidated financial statements.

 34

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts (“IAS 37”) 

In May 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, to specify 
that the cost of fulfilling a contract comprises the costs that relate directly to the contract, and can either be incremental 
costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts.   The new guidance 
is  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2022  and  is  applied  to  contracts  that  have  unfulfilled 
obligations as at the beginning of that period. The Company has concluded that there is no impact of adopting these 
amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 

4. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND AMENDMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

Amendments to IAS 1 

In January 2020, the IASB issued Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current, which amends IAS 1. The narrow 
scope amendments affect only the presentation of liabilities in the statement of financial position and not the amount or 
timing of their recognition. The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or non-current should be 
based on rights that are in existence at the end of the reporting period and align the wording in all affected paragraphs to 
refer to the right to defer settlement by at least 12 months. That classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity 
will exercise its deferral right. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 
2024 and are to be applied retrospectively. The Company is still assessing the impact of adopting these amendments on 
its consolidated financial statements. 

Amendments to IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (“IAS 8”) 

In  February  2021,  the  IASB  issued  Definition  of  Accounting  Estimates,  which  amends  IAS  8.  The  amendment  replaces 
the definition of a change in accounting estimates with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, 
accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. The 
amendment provides clarification to help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. 
The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The Company is still assessing the 
impact of adopting these amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 

In February 2021, the IASB issued Disclosure of Accounting Policies, which amends IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 
2. The amendments are intended to help preparers in deciding which accounting policies to disclose in their financial 
statements. The amendment to IAS 1 requires companies to disclose their material accounting policy information rather 
than significant accounting policies. The amendment also clarifies that not all accounting policy information that relates 
to  material  transactions,  other  events  or  conditions  is  material  to  the  financial  statements.  The  amendment  to  IFRS 
Practice Statement 2 adds guidance and examples to the materiality practice statement, which explains how to apply the 
materiality process to identify material accounting policy information. The amendments are effective for annual periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and are to be applied prospectively. The Company is still assessing the impact of 
adopting these amendments on its financial statements.

 35

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

4. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND AMENDMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED (Continued)

Amendments to IAS 12 – Income Taxes (“IAS 12”) 

Amendments to IAS 12 were issued in May 2021, the IASB issued Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from 
a Single Transaction, which amends IAS 12. The amendment narrows the scope of the initial recognition exemption so 
that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offset temporary differences. As a result, companies will 
need to recognize a deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability for temporary differences arising on initial recognition of 
transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 2023 and are to be applied retrospectively.  The Company is still assessing the impact of adopting 
these amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 

Amendments to IAS 1, “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current 

In January 2020 and October 2022, the IASB issued amendments to paragraphs 69 to 76 of IAS 1 to clarify the requirements 
for classifying liabilities as current or non-current. The amendments specify that the conditions which exist at the end of a 
reporting period are those which will be used to determine if a right to defer settlement of a liability exists. The amendments 
also clarify the situations that are considered a settlement of a liability. The amendments are effective for annual periods 
on  or  after  January  1,  2024,  with  early  adoption  permitted.  The  amendments  are  to  be  applied  retrospectively.    The 
Company is still assessing the impact of adopting these amendments on its consolidated financial statements. 

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of the following:

Raw materials 
Work in process 
Finished goods 

$ 

September 30, 2023  September  30, 2022
1,106,113    
1,716,451        
2,462,356 
5,284,920      

 1,714,606   
 1,873,132  
 2,164,293  
 5,752,031  

 $ 

 $ 

$ 

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  inventories  in  the  amount  of  $8,965,536  (2022  -  $7,889,140)  were 
recognized as an expense through cost of goods sold. The allowance for inventory as at September 30, 2023 was 
$1,200,596 which is recognized in cost of goods sold (September 30, 2022 - $279,963).  The allowance recognzied 
as at September 30, 2023, included an amount related to our DxTM products.

 36

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

6. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT AND LEASES

The  freehold  land  and  buildings  have  been  pledged  as  security  for  bank  loans  under  a  mortgage  (see  Note  9). 
Property, plant and equipment and right of use assets consists of: 

Building and 
Leasehold 
Improvements 

Research and 
Development  
Equipment 

Other 
Equipment  
 and Fixtures 

Right of Use  
Assets 

Land 

Total

COST 

Balance, as at September 30, 2021 

$   5,281,143  

    $  588,438 

 $   6,338,223     $   1,683,980   

 $  800,000  

 $  14,661,784 

      Additions 
Balance, as at September 30, 2022 

    917,168  
   6,198,311   

 41,819  
      600,258   

 734,401  
    7,072,624   

 13,034    
   1,697,014    

 -         
   800,000  

  1,706,422 
    16,368,206

      Additions 
Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

    67,368  
     6,265,678  

 123,289  
 723,546  

 825,576  
 7,898,200  

 8,796   
 1,705,810  

 -         
 800,000  

 1,025,028 
 17,393,234  

ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION 

Balance, as at September 30, 2021 
        Depreciation 
Balance, as at September 30, 2022 

    1,948,682  
      273,125  
 2,221,807  

 459,293  
 13,444  
 472,737  

 3,832,037  
 417,167  
 4,249,204  

 339,023    
 179,180    
 518,203  

 -         
 -         
 -         

   6,579,035  
    882,915  
   7,461,950 

        Depreciation 
Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

     398,967  
  2,620,774  

 20,351  
 493,088  

 406,744  
 4,655,948  

 177,621    
 695,824   

 -         
 -         

    1,003,684  
  8,465,634 

NET BOOK VALUE 
Balance, September 30, 2022 
Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

     3,976,504  
$  3,644,904  

 127,521  
 $   230,458  

 2,823,420  
 $   3,242,252 

 1,178,811  
 $  1,009,986  

 800,000  
 $   800,000 

 8,906,256 
 $   8,927,600

Activity within right-of-use assets and lease liabilities during the year were as follows: 

Balance, September 30, 2021 

Additions 

    Depreciation Expense 
Interest Accretion 

    Payments 
Balance, September 30, 2022 

Additions 

    Depreciation Expense 
Interest Accretion 

    Payments 

                Right-of-Use Assets 
Property 

Equipment 

 $       1,081,900  
  13,034  
  (152,067) 
-         
 -         
 $           942,867  
 8,796  
  (153,097) 
-         
 -         

 $     263,057  
 -        
 (27,113) 
-        
 -        
 $     235,944  
 -        
 (24,525) 
-        
 -        

Balance, September 30, 2023 

  $          798,566  

 $     211,419  

Current portion 
Non-current portion 

 37

Lease Liabilities

 $       1,198,112
  13,034 
 -        
 37,779
 (246,580)
 $       1,002,346
 -        
 -        
 33,094 
 (181,406)

 $         854,034 

 $         154,301  
  699,733  

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
  
          
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

6. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT AND LEASES (Continued)

Lease  liabilities  for  leases  that  were  entered  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023  were  discounted  using  an 
incremental borrowing rate of 3.5% (September 30, 2022 – 3.5%).

Lease obligations as at September 30, 2023 are:

2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2029 and thereafter 
Total 

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consist of:

Amount
182,662 
 153,410  
  98,451 
  95,606 
 94,388 
 350,693  
975,210       

 $  

$  

Capitalized 
Development Costs 
Bioreactor 
(a) 

Patents and 
Trademarks 
QAPs 
(b) 

Kinlytic® 
License 
(c) 

Total

COST

Balance, as at September 30, 2021 
Balance, as at September 30, 2022 
  Reversal of impairment of intangible asset        

 $        2,088,575   
        2,088,575  
-           

 $ 

 142,470   
  142,470     
-           

  $ 

-         
 -         
  3,078,585  

 $ 

 2,231,045   
 2,231,045   
 3,078,585    

Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

   2,088,575  

 142,470  

 3,078,585  

 5,309,630   

ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION 

Balance, as at September 30, 2021 

Amortization expense  

Balance, as at September 30, 2022 

Amortization expense  

  568,557  
  139,238  
   707,795  
  139,238  

 10,685  
 14,247  
 24,932  
 14,247  

Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

  847,033  

 39,179  

NET BOOK VALUE

Balance, as at September 30, 2022 
Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

  1,380,780  
$      1,241,542   

  $ 

 117,538  
 103,291  

 -         
 -         
 -         
 -         

 -         

 -         

  $      3,078,585      

 579,242   
 153,485   
 732,727   
 153,485   

 886,212   

 1,498,318   
$    4,423,418   

 38

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

The  Bioreactor  intangible  asset  is  amortized  on  a  straight-line  basis  at  a  rate  of  7%.    At  each  reporting  date,  the 
Company is required to assess its long-lived assets for potential indicators of impairment. If any such indication exists, 
the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU and compares it to the carrying value.  

(a) Bioreactor

The  Company  has  internally  developed  an  improved  bioreactor  production  process  (“Bioreactor”)  to  increase  the 
efficiency  and  output  of  manufacturing  certain  Antigen  products.  This  process  is  being  successfully  employed  for 
ongoing production of a key Antigen product.

(b) Patents and Trademarks - Quality Assessment Products (“QAPs”)

To enhance its QAPs business of providing sample mimics for use in quality checks across various laboratory test 
applications, Microbix has been developing intellectual property.  Accordingly, it has capitalized and continues 
to capitalize various patent application costs.  The Company is amortizing these patent costs, in accordance with 
IFRS standards.  

(c) Kinlytic® 

The Company acquired the assets and rights pertaining to development, production, and licensing of Kinlytic® 
from  ImaRX  Therapeutics,  Inc.  in  2008.    In  Q4  2020,  this  intangible  asset,  which  was  not  yet  available  for  use 
and included in the Kinlytic cash generating unit (“CGU”) was determined to be impaired and accordingly the 
Company  had  recognized  an  impairment  charge  of  $3,078,585  during  the  year  ended  September  30,  2020.  On 
May 16, 2023 announced the execution of an agreement (“Agreement”) to return Kinlytic® urokinase (“Kinlytic”) 
to market.  Its Agreement is with Sequel Pharma, LLC (“Sequel”), a specialty pharma company with expertise in 
developing and commercializing drugs for the U.S.  The Agreement provides for Sequel to fund and undertake 
the necessary work to return Kinlytic® to the U.S. for the clinical indication of venous catheter clearance.

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2023,  the  Company  determined  that  there  were  indicators  that  the 
impairment charge recognized in prior periods may no longer exist and the Company estimated the recoverable 
amount of the CGU based on its estimated future discounted cash flows resulting in a reversal of impairment 
recognized  earlier  in  the  amount  of  $3,078,585.    The  recoverable  amount  of  the  Kinlytic®  intangible  asset  has 
been estimated based on the future estimated discounted cash flows.  The significant assumptions applied in the 
impairment reversal tests are described below:

•  The expected future cash flows calculated based on revenue projections, which included estimated market 

share, growth rates and contractual royalty rates.

•  The pre-tax discount rate of 12% used to reflect the current market assessment of the risks specific to the CGU.

Management believes that any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable 
amount  is  based  would  not  be  less  than  the  carrying  amount.  The  asset  will  be  amortized  over  an  estimated 
period of 10 years.

 39

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

8. DEBENTURES

The Company has convertible debentures issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2023. The carrying values 
of the debt component of these debentures are as follows: 

Date of issue 
Face value 

Liability component at 
   the date of issue 

Balance, September 30, 2021 
   Accretion 
   Repayments/Conversion 

Balance, September 30, 2021 
   Accretion 
   Repayments 
Balance, September 30, 2023 

   Current portion 
   Non-current portion 
Balance, September 30, 2023 

Convertible debentures 

 (a) 

(b)

Total convertible
debentures

Oct, 2016 
$  1,500,000   

  Oct, 2016 
  $  2,500,000   

 $  4,000,000   

 461,550   

 554,378   
  41,830   
-         

 596,208   
  56,423   
-         
  652,631  

 -         
    652,631  
 652,631  

$ 

 780,750  

  954,262  
77,792  
 -          

 1,032,054  
104,709  
 -          
1,136,763  

 -          
1,136,763  
 1,136,763  

1,242,300  

    1,508,640  
 119,622  
-         

   1,628,262  
161,132  
-         
 1,789,394  

 -         
   1,789,394 
1,789,394 

Equity component at September 30, 2023 

 574,435  

    1,698,131    

  2,272,566 

Conversion price  
   per common share  

Effective interest rate charged 
Payment frequency 
Maturity of financial instrument 
Stated interest rate 
Terms of repayment 

Blended quarterly repayment 

$ 

  0.23 

$ 

0.23 

31.07% 
Quarterly 
Jan, 2029 
9% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

30.85%
Quarterly
Sep, 2028
9%
Interest
only
N/A 

The debentures denoted as (a) and (b) above are secured against the real property and the personal property of the 
Company  including,  without  limiting  the  foregoing,  a  registered  second  mortgage  on  the  property  at  265  Watline 
Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, in favour of the holder, its successors and assigns subordinate only to indebtedness to a 
Canadian chartered bank or similar financial institution on normal commercial terms up to their maximum principal.  
The convertible debentures are convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into fully paid and non-assessable 

common shares of the Company at the conversion price then in effect.

All of the debentures were issued to shareholders of the Company. Over the term of the convertible debentures, the 
debt components are being accreted to the face value of the debentures by the recording of additional interest expense 
using the effective interest rate, as detailed above.  

 40

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
    
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
     
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

9. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT

a)  The  Company  has  used  term  loans  with  the  Business  Development  Bank  (“BDC”)  for  a  variety  of  purposes.  The 

following summarizes these loans as at September 30, 2023: 

Term Loans with the Business 
Development Bank (“BDC”) 

(a) 

(b) 

Total 

Effective date of loan 
Initial Loan Amount 

Jun, 2008 
 $   3,000,000 

Balance, September 30, 2021 

     1,824,220  

       Loan repayments during the year 

  (111,120) 

Jul, 2018
  $  323,906  

   279,510  

    (279,510) 

Balance, September 30, 2022 

  $   1,713,100 

   $  

-        

Loan repayments during the year 

  (111,120) 

Balance, September 30, 2023 

  $   1,601,980 

Current Portion 
Non-current portion 

Payment frequency 
Maturity of loan 
Terms of repayment 

  111,120 
$ 
    1,490,860 

  Monthly 
  Feb, 2038 
  Principal 
 and interest 

 -        

  -        

   -        
 -        

Monthly 
Jun, 2024 
Principal 
and interest 

Notes: 

(a)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing facility and building improvements. 
(b)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing equipment, prepaid in fiscal 2022. 

$  3,323,906   

  2,103,730 

  (390,630)

$ 1,713,100 

 (111,120)

$  1,601,980 

$      111,120 
  1,490,860 

 41

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

9. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT (Continued)

The remaining BDC loan has a floating interest rate based on BDC’s floating base rate less 1.0%. At September 30, 2023, 
the rate was 8.30% (2022 – 6.55%).  The loan is secured with the building and equipment.  

  As at September 30, 2023, the commitments for the next five fiscal years and thereafter for the BDC loan is as follows:

2024   
2025  
2026  
2027  
2028  
2029 and thereafter  

Amount 
  111,120      
  111,120  
 111,120   
 111,120  
 111,120  
 1,046,380  

$ 

$ 

b)  The Company has a $2,000,000 line of credit with its Chartered Bank that is available for use.  This line of credit 
bears interest at prime plus 2% (5.45% on September 30, 2023).  As at September 30, 2023 the Company had no 
funds drawn on the facility (September 30, 2022- nil).  The Company’s availability and usage of this facility varies 
across its manufacturing, sales and Accounts Receivable collection cycles.

c)  On July 29, 2019, the Company signed an agreement with the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern 
Ontario “FedDev” to provide a repayable government contribution where FedDev has agreed to contribute funding 
for 30% of the Business Scale-up and Productivity Project expenditures made by the Company, up to $2,752,500 over 
the following four years. The Company is required to submit eligible expenses on a quarterly basis to receive the 
interest-free contributions.  On February 14, 2023 the Company agreed to an amendment to the original agreement 
providing  an  additional  $840,000  of  repayable  contributions,  increasing  the  total  funding    up  to  $3,592,500.  
Repayment of all contributions does not begin until December 15, 2024.  As at September 30, 2023, the Company 
has received contributions totalling $3,233,250 (September 30, 2022 – $2,158,603).  The Company determined that 
the “Loan” consists of two components: an obligation to repay; and a government grant in the form of exemption 
from interest. The Company fair valued the obligation to repay at $2,117,358 (September 30, 2022 – $1,352,426), 
based on a discount rate of 8%, which represents management’s best estimate of fair value. The residual amount 
of $1,115,892 (September 30, 2022 – $806,178) is allocated to the associated government grant and recognized as 
income over the period in which the related costs they are intended to compensate are recognized.  During the 
year ended September 30, 2023, $250,995 has been recognized as grant income within general and administrative 
expenses (September 30 2022 - $250,385).  As at September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the Loan is $2,399,917 
(September 30, 2022 – $1,449,466) and $411,083 is recognized as a deferred grant within deferred revenue on the 
consolidated statements of financial position (September 30, 2022– $351,050).

  The Company is in compliance with the covenants associated with this loan as at September 30, 2023.

  The estimated repayments on the existing term facilities in future fiscal years are as follows: 

Fiscal Years 
2025   
2026  
2027  
2028  
2029  
2030   

 42

$ 

Amount 
    538,875       
 646,650    
  646,650      
 646,650     
 646,650   
107,776   

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

10. GOVERNMENT GRANT

On  October  13,  2020,  the  Company  announced  a  grant  agreement  with  the  Ontario  Together  Fund  (“OTF”)  of  the 
Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade (the “Grant”).  The Grant of $1,445,000 was to cover 50% of 
the cost to automate production of the Company’s quality assessment products (QAPs™) that help ensure the accuracy 
of  infectious  disease  diagnostic  testing,  and  enable  local,  secure,  and  cost-effective  automated  production  of  the 
quantities of viral transport medium (generically “VTM” and branded “DxTM™”) needed for Ontario’s lab-based testing 
for COVID-19 disease or other tests of concern to public health or safety. 

An initial Grant disbursement, upon execution of the agreement, in the amount of $867,000, was received on October 
13, 2020.  The remaining $578,000 of the grant was paid upon project completion following a review of Eligible Project 
Expenditures  incurred  during  the  project,  up  to  February  28,  2022.    During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2022  the 
Company recognized $717,587 of grant income. The company also recorded a $680,202 reduction in capital asset costs.    
On March 20, 2023, the Company announced an additional grant agreement with the Ontario Together Fund (“OTF”) 
of the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade (the “Grant”).  The Grant of $840,000 is to cover 50% 
of the cost to further expand our capabilities and capacity for manufacturing specialized products relating to diagnostic 
testing for infectious diseases. The Government of Ontario is supporting the expansions at Microbix’s three adjacent 
sites in Mississauga.  An initial Grant disbursement, upon execution of the agreement, in the amount of $504,000, was 
received on March 13, 2023.  During the year $38,117 of grant income was recognized.  The remaining $465,883 is in 
deferred revenues.  The remaining $336,000 of the grant will be paid upon project completion following a review of 
Eligible Project Expenditures incurred during the project.  

11. SHARE CAPITAL

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares at no par value and an unlimited number 
of preference shares at no par value.

On October 3, 2022 the Company initiated a Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) program for the repurchase and 
cancellation  of  outstanding  common  shares.    In  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Toronto  Stock  Exchange  and  as 
detailed in the Company’s news release of September 28, 2022, the NCIB enables the Company to repurchase up to 
5% of its common shares over a 12-month period.  During fiscal 2023 the Company repurchased 2,892,000 shares at 
a cost of $1,114,156 and cancelled 2,589,000 shares.  303,000 shares representing shares repurchased ($108,347 book 
value) but not yet cancelled are considered as treasury shares as at September 30, 2023.

The number of issued and outstanding common shares and the stated capital of the Company are presented below:    

Number  
of Shares  

Stated
Capital

Balance, as at September 30, 2021  

 126,377,167   

 $   43,609,601  

Exercise of Warrants 
Exercise of stock options 
Conversion of Debenture (Note 8) 

 7,480,293  
 2,960,000  
2,173,913  

   3,808,072   
   1,370,020  
   1,131,222  

Balance, as at September 30, 2022  

  138,991,373  

 $    49,918,916   

Exercise of Warrants 
Exercise of stock options 
Stock repurchase and cancellation 

  21,000  
 430,000  
 (2,589,000) 

9,702    
152,070   
  (1,036,200)  

Balance, as at September 30, 2023 

 136,853,373 

 $   49,044,488  

 43

Canadian Funds   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

12. COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS

A continuity of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2023 is presented in the following table:

Balance, September 30, 2021 
    Exercised 
    Expired 

Balance, September 30, 2022 
    Exercised 
    Expired 

Balance, September 30, 2023 

Weighted
average 
exercise
price

Units 

    23,519,373    
  (7,480,293) 
  (465,683) 

 $  0.47   
   0.35 
   0.48 

    15,573,397    
  (21,000)  
 (920,833) 

 $  0.53
   0.36
   0.52

 14,631,564      $  0.53

A summary of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2023 and 2022 is presented in the following table:

September 30, 2023 

  September 30, 2022

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

  5,750,000        $ 
 8,881,564   

  14,631,564         $ 

0.80  
0.36  
0.53  

0.64  
 1.34  
 1.06 

 6,420,833    
 9,152,564   
 15,573,397   

 $  0.78  
   0.36  
 $  0.53  

 0.63 
 2.29 
 1.61 

Range of exercise prices: 

$0.60 to $0.80 
$0.30 to $0.36 

 44

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

13. STOCK OPTION PLAN

Under  the  Company’s  stock  option  plan,  the  Company  may  grant  options  to  purchase  common  shares  up  to  a 
maximum of 10% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares.  Under the plan as at September 30, 
2023, the Company has a total of 11,959,000 options (September 30, 2022 – 9,724,000) issued and is eligible to issue 
up to a total of 13,685,337 options. 

The exercise price of each option equals no less than the market price at the date immediately preceding the date 
of the grant. In general, the Company’s stock option plan vests options in equal amounts across a period following 
their issue date.  The options granted during this year and future options grants will generally be vested in a single 
step on the third anniversary date following their issue.  Management does not expect any remaining unvested stock 
options at the year-end to be forfeited before they vest.

The activity under the Company’s stock option plan for year ended September 30, 2023 is as follows: 

Balance, September 30, 2021 

    Options expired/forfeited 
    Stock options exercised 
    Stock options issued 

Balance, September 30, 2022 

    Stock options exercised 
    Stock options issued 
    Stock options forfeited 

Balance, September 30, 2023  

Exercisable, September 30, 2023 

Units 
 10,154,000   

 (400,000) 
 (2,960,000) 
2,930,000   

Weighted average  
exercise  price            
0.34 

 $ 

 $ 
$  
 $ 

0.28 
0.27 
0.60

 9,724,000   

 $ 

0.44 

 (430,000) 
 (2,815,000) 
(150,000) 

 11,959,000  

 4,025,000    

 $ 
$  
 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

0.23 
0.37 
0.63 

0.43 

0.24 

 45

Canadian Funds   
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

13. STOCK OPTION PLAN (Continued)

The exercise price of each option equals the closing market price of the Company’s capital stock on the day preceding 
the  grant  date.    The  following  table  reflects  the  number  of  options,  their  weighted  average  price  and  the  weighted 
average remaining contract life for the options grouped by price range as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:

September 30, 2023 

  September 30, 2022 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number   
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

 $ 
  5,294,000     
 6,665,000     
 $ 
  11,959,000         $ 

0.60 
 0.29  
  0.43   

2.93  
 2.45  
 2.77  

  5,444,000  
 4,280,000  
 9,724,000    

 $   0.61 
 $  0.22 
 $  0.44  

 3.94  
1.98 
 3.08 

Range of exercise prices: 
$0.46 to $0.73 
$0.215 to $0.37 

The fair value of options granted during fiscal 2023 was estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes options 
pricing model, resulting in the following weighted-average assumptions:

Option Grant Dates 
Share price on issue date 
Dividend yield 
Volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected option life (years) 
Weighted average fair value of 
each option ($ / option) 

2023 

Feb 2023 
 $    0.37  
0%   
66%  
3.5%  
5 

2022 

  Nov 2021  Feb 2022  May 2022
 $      0.57 
0%
67%
1.3%
5

 $      0.73  
0% 
70% 
0.1% 
5 

 $     0.60  
0% 
68% 
1.4% 
5 

           $      0.21  

 $      0.42  

 $      0.34  

 $     0.31

Stock options are assumed to be exercised at the end of the option’s life, as management believes the probability 
of an early exercise is remote. During the year, the fair value of the options vested in the year were expensed and 
credited to contributed surplus.  During the year, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of 
$735,318 (2022 - $649,693). 

 46

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

14. INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE    

Basic  income  (loss)  per  share  is  calculated  using  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding.  Diluted 
income (loss) per share reflects the dilutive effect of the exercise of stock options, warrants and convertible debt. 
The following table reconciles the net income (loss) and the number of shares for the basic and diluted income (loss) 
per share computations: 

for the year ended September 30 

2023 

2022 

Numerator for basic income (loss) per share: 
      Net income (loss) available to common shareholders 
      Net income (loss) for dilutive earnings per share 

Denominator for basic income (loss) per share: 
      Weighted average common shares outstanding 
      Dilutive Effect 
      Dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding 

Net income (loss) per share: 
     Basic    
     Diluted    

$ 
$ 

  (39,483) 
   (39,483)  

 $ 
 $ 

  1,788,689  
  1,788,689  

      137,911,884  

    -  

  137,911,884  

135,376,255   
 6,311,994  
141,688,249  

($0.000) 
($0.000) 

$ 
$ 

0.013  
0.013  

The following represents the warrants, stock options and convertible debentures not included in the calculation 
of diluted EPS due to their anti-dilutive impact:

for the year ended September 30 

2023 

2022 

Pursuant to warrants   
Under stock options 
Pursuant to convertible debentures 

5,750,000 
5,294,000 
17,391,304 
28,435,304 

6,420,833
5,169,000
17,391,304
28,981,138

 47

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
    
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                      
 
 
   
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

15.  EXPENSES BY NATURE

The Company has chosen to present its consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) 
based on the functions of the entity and include the following expenses by nature for the years ended September 30:

Depreciation and amortization

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   General and administrative expenses     
   Reasearch and development 
Total depreciation and amortization 

Employee costs

   Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
   Share based payments 
Total employee costs   

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   Research and development 
   General and administrative expenses 
   Selling and business development 
Total employee costs   

2023 

2022

 $       961,029      
   161,244  
  34,896  

 $ 

  $     1,157,169      

 $ 

 848,365       
160,344       
27,691             
   1,036,400    

2023 

2022

 $      9,816,104     

    552,347  
$   10,368,451     

 $      9,305,688      
442,319      
$      9,748,007          

 $      5,307,015     
     1,695,042  
     2,296,546  
  1,069,848  
 $    10,368,451      

 $ 

   4,836,461          
   1,786,802          
   2,187,466           
937,278         
   9,748,007          

 $ 

16. INCOME TAXES AND INVESTMENT TAX CREDITS

Income taxes consist of the following, for the years ended September 30:

Provision based on combined federal and provincial 
   statutory rates of 25.43% (2022 – 25.00%) 

Increase (decrease) resulting from: 
   Non deductible expenses 
   Stock-based compensation 
   Change in deferred tax assets not recognized 
   Effect of change in tax rate 
   Adjustment in respect of income taxes of prior year and other 
Income tax expense 

2023 

2022

 $ 

   (10,041)  

 $ 

   466,480   

 329  
   186,991  
  135,870   
   (94,603) 
   (218,546) 

 $ 

-  

$ 

1,209   
162,423             
(468,768)   
- 
(84,110)      
 77,234 

The Company has unclaimed research and development expenses, research and development investment tax 
credits and accumulated losses for income tax purposes. The associated tax benefits have not been recognized in 
the consolidated financial statements.

 48

Canadian Funds   
 
 
  
 
         
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
          
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

16. INCOME TAXES AND INVESTMENT TAX CREDITS (Continued)

The accumulated non-capital losses may be used to reduce taxable income in future years and must be claimed no 
later than September 30:

2043 

$      110,598  

The significant components of deferred income tax assets are summarized as follows:

2023 

2022

Deferred income tax assets: 
   Non-capital loss carry-forwards 
   Difference in net book value compared to undepreciated capital cost 
   Deferred financing fees and other reserves 
   Unclaimed research and development expenses   
   Lease liabilities 
Deferred income tax liabilities related to debentures 
Difference between government assistance amount and fair market value 
Right of use assets 
Tax assets not recognized 
Deferred tax assets recognized 

$ 

  28,125   
     2,588,410  
   387,429  
     4,032,381  
   217,181  
  (562,157) 
    (107,124) 
  (256,839) 
     (6,327,405)  

 $ 

   -     

   2,868,468      
190,879    
   3,914,095    
250,841            
(592,934)
(81,973)
(294,703)
   (6,254,673)       

 $ 

  -   

 $ 

   -      

The unrecognized balance of federal research and development investment tax credits carried forward is $2,977,684, 
reduced by a deferred tax liability of $757,225. The credits expire between 2023 and 2043. The unrecognized balance 
of Ontario research and development tax credits carried forward is $14,314.

17. CHANGES IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL

Accounts receivable 
Inventories 
Prepaid expenses and other assets 
Investment tax credits receivable 
Deferred revenue 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

2023 

2022

 $    (1,061,974) 
  (467,111) 
   (139,266) 
   (25,004) 
     1,222,380  
   251,135  
  (219,840) 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

   1,117,319 
(877,411)
(51,273) 
(762)  
(311,196)       
(216,769)     
    (340,092)     

 49

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

18. FINANCIAL EXPENSES, NET

Cash interest: 
   Interest on long-term debt 
   Interest on debentures 
   Interest other 
   Interest income 
Non-cash interest: 
   Accretion on debentures (Note 8) 
   Accretion interest expense (Note 6, 9) 
Financial expenses, net 

19. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 

2023 

2022

 $ 

 127,598   
  360,000  
 921  
  (457,742) 

 $ 

 93,257     
   396,269   
6,525     
(82,270)  

  161,131  
     189,728  

   202,685         
   127,824  

$ 

  381,636     

 $ 

   744,290     

The Company’s capital management objective is to safeguard its ability to function as a going concern while also 
maintaining and growing its operations and funding its development activities.  Microbix defines its capital to include 
any drawn portion of the revolving line of credit, shareholders’ equity, long-term debt, and debentures.  The capital 
at September 30, 2023 was $30,415,778 (September 30, 2022 - $29,759,681).

To date, the Company has used cash provided by operating activities, common equity issues, debentures, bank 
mortgage and other financing to fund its activities. The equity is provided through public offerings or private placements, 
the debentures are all controlled by private individuals known to the Company and the mortgage and other financing 
are with the Business Development Bank (BDC), FedDev and TD Bank. If possible, the Company tries to optimize its 
liquidity needs by non-dilutive sources, including cash provided by operating activities, investment tax credits, grants 
and interest income. The Company has a revolving line of credit of $2,000,000 with its Canadian chartered bank, Note 9. 
The  Company’s  general  policy  is  to  not  pay  dividends  and  retain  cash  to  keep  funds  available  to  finance  the 
Company’s growth. Similarly, the Board of Directors may, from time to time, choose to declare a dividend in assets 
if warranted by circumstances.  Also, the Board of Directors may, from time to time, choose to initiate a buy-back of 
issued common shares.  There was no change during the year in how the Company defines its capital or how it manages 
its capital.

20. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The  Company  categorizes  its  financial  assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  the  fair  value  into  one  of  three  different 
levels depending on the observation of the inputs used in the measurement. 

For  the  years  ended  September  30,  2023  and  2022,  the  Company  has  carried  at  fair  value  financial  instruments 
in Level 1. At September 30, 2023, the Company’s only financial instrument measured at fair value is cash, which is 
considered to be a Level 1 instrument. There were no transfers between levels during the year.

The three levels are defined as follows:
a)  Level 1: Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets
b)  Level 2: Fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are not observable for the 

asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

c)  Level 3: Fair value is based on valuation techniques that require one or more significant unobservable inputs.

 50

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

20. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash and Cash Equivalents 

30-Sep-23  

 $    11,606,487       

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-23      
30-Sep-23      

 -   
-   

 1,789,394 
     4,001,897    

 -   
 -  

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash and Cash Equivalents  

30-Sep-22   

$    13,488,075      

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-22     
30-Sep-22    

 -   
-   

 1,628,262   
 3,192,764    

-    
 -  

The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in an arm’s 
length transaction between willing parties and through appropriate valuation methods, but considerable judgment 
is required for the Company to determine the value.  The actual amount that could be realized in a current market 
exchange could be different than the estimated value. 

The fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate their carrying 

values due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms and maturities 
and is repriced to floating market interest rates and as such, the carrying value of the long-term debt and other debt 
approximates  fair  value.    The  convertible  debenture  fair  values  are  estimated  based  on  rates  for  items  with  similar 
terms and maturity.  The fair values of financial instruments in other long-term liabilities approximate their carrying 
values as they are recorded at the net present values of their future cash flows, using an appropriate discount rate.

 51

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

21. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The primary risks that affect the Company are set out below and the risks have not changed materially during the 
reporting periods.  The list does not cover all risks to the Company, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of 
management to mitigate the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk.  

Risks arising from financial instruments and risk management

The  Company’s  activities  expose  it  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks:  market  risk  (including  foreign  exchange  risk), 
credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of 
financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance.

Risk  management  is  the  responsibility  of  the  corporate  finance  function.  Material  risks  are  monitored  and  are 

regularly discussed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Credit risk

The Company’s cash is held in accounts at one of the major Canadian chartered banks or in short-term interest bearing 
securities.  Management perceives the credit risk to be low.  Typically the outstanding accounts receivable balance is 
relatively concentrated with a few large customers representing the majority of the value. As at September 30, 2023, five 
customers accounted for 81% (September 30, 2022 - five customers accounted for 56%) of the outstanding accounts 
receivable balance.  In addition, for the year ended September 30, 2023, five customers accounted for 64% (September 
30, 2022 - five customers accounted for 58%) of revenues.  The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past 
several years and accordingly management has recorded an allowance of $35,000 (September 30, 2022 - $35,000).

Trade accounts receivable are aged as follows:

Current   
0 - 30 days past due 
31 - 60 days past due 
61 days and over past due 

September 30, 2023  September 30, 2022

 $ 

$ 

   2,183,648   
  1,136,461  
 263,365  
 215,844  
   3,799,318      

$    1,797,275     
576,388          
11,769           
193,767      
$     2,579,199          

In addition to trade receivables, the Company had other receivables relating primarily to accrued royalties receivable 
and HST receivable of $320,453 (2022 - $478,598).

 52

Canadian Funds   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
  
    
 
   
   
   
 
  
   
   
 
  
   
   
 
  
 
             
   
 
   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

21. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Market risk and foreign currency risk

Market  risk  is  the  risk  that  changes  in  market  prices,  such  as  foreign  exchange  rates,  will  affect  the  Company’s 
income or the value of its financial instruments. The Company’s activities that result in exposure to fluctuations 
in foreign currency exchange rates consist of the sale of products and services to customers invoiced in foreign 
currencies  and  the  purchase  of  services  invoiced  in  foreign  currencies.  The  Company  does  not  use  financial 
instruments to hedge these risks.  

As at September 30 the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held in foreign currencies are:

U.S. dollars 

Euros

2023 

2022 

2023 

2022

Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

  $    2,168,075  
        2,700,930  
       173,959  

 $ 

 302,698        $ 

   25,225         $ 

  1,645,040  
   126,716  

  1,043,883  
 40,753  

 87,613   
 1,221,837        
   45,994  

The Company’s revenue and expenses by foreign currency for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are 
as follows:

Revenue 
Euros 
U.S. dollars 

Expenses
U.S. dollars 

2023 

20%   
75% 

9% 

2022 

17%
50%

10%  

Based  upon  2023  results,  the  impact  of  a  5%  increase  in  the  U.S.  dollar  against  the  Canadian  dollar  would  result 
in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $621,000 Cdn. The impact of a 5% increase in the 
Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based revenue of approximately $164,500. 
Correspondingly, the impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual 
U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $621,000 Cdn. The impact of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the Canadian 
dollar would result in a loss in annual Euro-based revenue of approximately $164,500. 

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulties in meeting its financial liability obligations as they 
become due.  The Company has a planning and budgeting process in place to help determine the funds required to support 
the normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis.  The Company has financed its cash requirements primarily 
through issuance of securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt and debentures.  The Company controls liquidity 
risk through management of working capital, cash flows and the availability and sourcing of financing.  Based on current 
funds available and expected cash flow from operating activities, management believes that the Company has sufficient 
funds available to meet its liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future. However, if cash from operating activities is 
significantly lower than expected, if the Company incurs major unanticipated expenses or the Company’s borrowings are 
called, it may be required to seek additional capital in the form of debt or equity or a combination of both.  Management’s 
current expectations with respect to future events are based on currently available information and the actual outcomes 
may differ materially from those current expectations.

 53

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
           
   
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

21. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Interest rate risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to cash flow interest rate risk are those assets and 
liabilities with a variable interest rate.  Interest rate risk exposure is primarily on the BDC debt that has a variable 
rate that is pegged to the bank rate.  The rate can be fixed at the Company’s option, if the outlook for interest rates 
should move higher.  The only other variable debt the Company has is the $2,000,000 line of credit that bears interest 
at the bank’s prime lending rate plus 2.0%.  A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately 
$20,000 per year for BDC and about $20,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the fiscal 
year. However, this would be somewhat offset by increase interest income on our short-term investments.

22. SEGMENTED INFORMATION

The  Company  operates  in  two  ways:  (i)  the  development,  manufacturing  and  sales  of  products  relating  to  the 
medical  diagnostics  industry,  namely  antigens  as  test  ingredients,  quality  assessment  products  to  help  ensure 
the accuracy of test workflows and viral transport medium to enable collection of patient test samples and, (ii) 
the development and commercialization of novel and proprietary products or technologies such as Kinlytic.  The 
following is an analysis of the Company’s revenues and profits from continuing operations for the years ended 
September 30, segmented between categories (i) and (ii) (including Kinlytic):

Segment revenue 
2023  

2022 

Income (loss) 

2023 

2022

Antigens, QAPs and DxTM 
Other (Includes Kinlytic®) 
Total for continuing operations 

  $   15,164,258     $ 19,071,819       $  (4,067,015)   $  1,833,783        
 (45,094)
(39,483)  $  1,788,689  

  $  16,514,776      $  19,076,241       $ 

      1,350,518  

4,027,532  

 4,422    

Segment revenue reported above represents revenue generated from external customers. There were no inter-segment 
sales in the current year (2022 - $nil).  

Segment  income  (loss)  represents  the  profit  (loss)  before  tax  earned  by  each  segment  without  allocation  of 
central administration costs, directors’ fees, and finance costs. These general costs are reflected in category (i) and (ii) 
segments. This is the measure reported to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource allocation 
and assessment of segment performance.  

Segmented assets and liabilities as at September 30 are as follows:

Segment assets 

2023  

2022 

Segment liabilities 
2022
2023 

Antigens, QAPs and DxTM 
Other (Includes Kinlytic®) 
Total for continuing operations 

  $   32,574,439    $ 33,145,196        $  9,680,037   $   8,978,534       

     3,078,585   

-  

 1,348,500   

-

  $  35,653,024      $  33,145,196      $ 11,028,537   $  8,978,534  

All assets are allocated to reportable segments other than interests in associates and current and deferred tax assets. 
Assets used jointly by reportable segments are allocated on the basis of the revenues earned by individual reportable 
segments.    All  liabilities  are  allocated  to  reportable  segments  other  than  borrowings  and  current  and  deferred  tax 
liabilities. Liabilities for which reportable segments are jointly liable are allocated in proportion to segment assets.

 54

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

22. SEGMENTED INFORMATION (Continued)

Segmented depreciation and amortization, impairment of long-lived assets or reversal of impairment of long-
lived assets and additions to non-current assets as at September 30 are as follows:

Antigens, QAPs and DxTM 
Other (Includes Kinlytic®) 

Depreciation and 
amortization 

2023 

2022 

Additions to
non-current assets
2023 

2022

  $     1,157,169       $   1,036,400       $  1,016,232   $   1,302,539      

  - 

- 

  3,078,585   

-      

  $    1,157,169         $   1,036,400       $ 4,094,817   $  1,302,539      

23. REVENUES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in three principal geographical areas – North America (where it is domiciled), Europe, and 
in other foreign countries. The Company’s revenue from external customers is tracked based on the bill-to location.   
Information about its non-current assets by location of assets are also detailed below.  It should be noted that our 
distribution partner for Asia is based in the United States, so most sales destined to Asia are reflected in the North 
American total.

For the year ended September 30, 

North America 
Europe 
Other foreign countries (directly) 
Total for continuing operations 

Revenue from 
external customers 
2022 
2023  

Non-current
assets

2023 

2022

  $  10,832,067    $  13,142,485   $   13,351,018    $ 10,736,824      

      5,678,744   
            3,965  

  5,918,554    
15,202    
  $  16,514,776   $ 19,076,241   

-  
 -  

-    
-   

 $   13,351,018     $    10,736,824  

The following table reflects the movement in the Company’s deferred revenues:

For the years ended September 30, 

2023 

2022

Balance, beginning of the year 

$ 

     554,631      

$     742,932           

Cash payments or advance payments on performance obligations 
Revenue recognized during the year 
Deferred government grants (Note 9) 

  2,828,253  
    (1,617,097) 
 537,141  
$  2,302,928   

  1,797,026          
  (2,108,220)    
 122,893      
  554,631          

 $ 

The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of products at a point in time, when  control of the promised 
good is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects 
to be entitled to in exchange for those goods.    

 55

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

23. REVENUES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (Continued)

Revenue from licensing of the Company’s intangible assets are recognized when the service is rendered and 
control of the service is transferred to the Company’s customers.  As part of the Agreement signed with Sequel 
on  May  16,  2023,  Microbix  received  an  upfront  payment  of  $  2.0  million  U.S.  under  the  Agreement,  recognized 
$1,348,500 ($1 million U.S.) within royalties and other sales in the consolidated statement of income (loss) and 
$1,348,500 ($1 million U.S.) within deferred revenue as a contract liability on the consolidated statement of financial 
position.  The Company has determined that royalty milestone payments received under the Agreement represent 
one performance obligation and are recognized at a point in time.  The royalty milestones in the Agreement are 
considered  variable  consideration  and  are  estimated  at  contract  inception  and  constrained  until  it  is  highly 
probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when 
the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.  The process of successfully 
achieving the criteria for the milestone payments is highly uncertain. Consequently, there is significant risk that 
the Company may not earn all of the milestone payments for each of its contracts.   

24. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Key Management Compensation

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and 
controlling  the  activities  of  the  Company.  Key  management  includes  six  independent  directors  and  four  key 
management executive officers.  Compensation for the Company’s key management personnel was as follows:

For the year ended September 30, 

2023 

2022

Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
Share based payments 
Total key management compensation 

 $ 

$ 

 1,274,518   
  436,764  
 1,711,282   

 $  1,309,760           
 307,187       
$  1,616,947          

25. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Payments on convertible debentures (Note 8)

2024 
2025 
2026 
2027 
2028 
2029 and thereafter 

Contingencies

The Company is not party to any legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business.

 56

Amount
      360,000    
360,000 
360,000  
 360,000    
2,860,000    
 1,539,497 
  5,839,497  

$ 

$ 

Canadian Funds   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

26. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

As part of the Sequel Agreement signed in May 2023, upon a satisfactory FDA consultation and within 180 days of signing 
the Agreement Sequel was to confirm that they were moving forward with the remainder of the Agreement and make 
a further $ 2.0 million U.S. milestone payment to Microbix.  The letter of confirmation was received in November 2023, 
followed by the payment which was received on November 15, 2023. 

The Agreement provides for Sequel to fund and undertake the necessary work to return Kinlytic® to the U.S. for the 

clinical indication of venous catheter clearance. 

On December 8, 2023 the Company initiated Normal Course Issuer Bid (“NCIB”) program for the repurchase and 
cancellation  of  outstanding  common  shares.    In  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Toronto  Stock  Exchange  and  as 
detailed in the Company’s news release of December 6, 2023, the NCIB enables the Company to repurchase up to 5% of 
its common shares over a 12-month period.

 57

Canadian Funds  CORPORATE INFORMATION

Corporate Counsel

Boyle & Co. LLP

Auditors 

Ernst Young LLP
Chartered Accountants

Transfer Agent 

TSX Trust Company 

Bankers

The Toronto Dominion Bank 

Head Office

Microbix Biosystems Inc.
265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga,
Ontario  Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910
Fax: 905-361-8911
www.microbix.com

DIRECTORS

Peter M. Blecher 
Ontario, Canada
Medical Director
NeuPath Centre for Pain & Spine

Mark A. Cochran (2) 
Virginia, USA
Managing Director (Retired)
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Vaughn C. Embro-Pantalony (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive 

Cameron Groome (2)
Ontario, Canada
Chief Executive Officer and President
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Martin A. Marino (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive

Joseph D. Renner (1) (2)
New Jersey, USA
Pharmaceutical Executive

Jennifer A. Stewart (2)
Ontario, Canada
Chief Executive Officer
Syntax Strategic

(1)Member of Audit Committee.
(2)Member of the Human Resources, 
  Compensation and Governance Committee.

SENIOR MANAGEMENT

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

James S. Currie
Chief Financial Officer

Kenneth Hughes
Chief Operating Officer

Dr. Mark Luscher
Senior Vice-President, Scientific Affairs

Phillip Casselli
Senior Vice-President, Sales & Business Development

Christopher B. Lobb
General Counsel & Secretary

 58

Canadian Funds   
 
 
265 Watline Avenue, 
Mississauga, ON
Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910   
Fax: 905-361-8911
1-800-794-6694
Web Site: www.microbix.com