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MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock

mbx · NASDAQ Healthcare
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Sector Healthcare
Industry Biotechnology
Employees 43
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FY2019 Annual Report · MBX Biosciences, Inc. Common Stock
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Message to Shareholders

On  behalf  of  Microbix,  I’m  pleased  to  inform  you  of 
another  year  of  record  sales,  totaling  $13.4  million 
for fiscal 2019 and $3.6 million for the fourth quarter, 
each up materially from 2018. 

Still more importantly, gross margin improved by $1.2 
million, while growth in SG&A expenses was held to a 
minimum. As a result, net earnings from operations 
exceeded breakeven for the year, as opposed to the 
material  losses  of  prior  years.  Similarly,  Microbix 
recorded positive cash flow from operations in fiscal 
2019, for another financial win.  

We  are  building  from  this  strengthening  financial 
foundation and continuing to improve operations at 
every level – across finance & admin., sales & service, 
production,  QC,  QA,  and  product  development.  We 
believe the benefits of such changes will be seen in 
fiscal  2020  and  beyond,  in  the  form  of  continuing 
sales growth and accelerating profitability.

The signs of such progress are already evident, with 
full-scale  antigen  production  in  bioreactors  now 
underway  to  improve  margins,  federal  government 
contribution  funding  secured  to  help  automate 
and  expand  quality  assessment  products  (QAPs™) 
capacity, recognition of our export sales success, and 
our first regulated product registrations. 

That last achievement is a very critical milestone for 
Microbix. Specifically, our company has always been 
a relatively-anonymous maker of critical ingredients 
for the diagnostics industry. On obtaining approvals 
to  sell  its  initial  high-risk  Human  Papilloma  Virus 
(HPV)  QAPs  across  the  European  Union  and  the 
United  States,  Microbix  now  becomes  a  creator  and 
marketer  of  innovative,  proprietary,  branded  and 
regulated  medical  devices.  We  thereby  open  large 
new  potential  markets  into  which  Microbix  can  sell 
large volumes of its higher margin QAPs. 

Our  QAPs  are  a  very  natural  extension  of  our 
longstanding  expertise  with  human  pathogens. 
Each  QAP  closely  mimics  the  clinical  sample  of  an 
infected  patient  and  enables  diagnostic  tests  to 
be  checked  for  accuracy  using  a  “control”  that  is 
known to contain the pathogen and human cells (as 
appropriate), while being stable and non-infectious. 

 1

Under  modern  regulatory  standards,  clinical  labs 
are being required to use QAPs (a.k.a., IVD Controls) 
as  a  part  of  their  quality  management  systems, 
providing  opportunities  for  Microbix  to  identify  and 
create  important  new  products.  Thus  far  in  QAPs, 
there  is  intense  interest  in  a  number  of  current  and 
emerging  Microbix  products,  and  the  main  rate-
limiters to rolling-out a series of successful products 
are enough trained staff and production equipment, 
with plans underway to address each constraint. So 
we’re  pleased  and  excited  about  the  prospects  for 
our sales-driven business (antigens & QAPs)!

We  can  also  offer  encouragement  about  Microbix’s 
biologic  drug  asset,  Kinlytic®  urokinase.  Slowly, 
but  steadily,  we  are  progressing  toward  an  alliance 
to  fund  the  re-introduction  of  this  FDA  and  Health 
Canada  approved  “clot  buster”  for  its  catheter-
clearance  sub-indication.  Confidential  discussions 
continue  with  multiple  qualified  parties  about  this 
asset  and  we  continue  to  believe  in  the  prospects 
for an alliance on terms that would enable Microbix 
to  retain  a  meaningful  proportion  of  very  attractive 
project economics. News release disclosure of details 
would  follow  execution  of  either  a  binding  letter  of 
intent or a definitive agreement. 

On  the  flip  side,  it  is  inevitable  that  Microbix  faces 
obstacles  and  challenges.  In  fiscal  2019,  our  two 
main  challenges  were  (i)  reductions  in  the  level 
of  antigen  inventories  carried  by  our  Asia-Pacific 
distributor  and  (ii)  sequential  delays  of  conversion 
to  bioreactor-antigen  by  a  leading  customer.  The 
former  issue  reduced  sales  growth,  while  the  latter 
impacted margins. Doubtless fiscal 2020 will have its 
own challenges which we’ll overcome in due course.

is  ongoing,  gross 
To  summarize,  sales  growth 
margins  are  continuing  to  improve,  and  we  believe 
sustained positive net earnings and cash flow will be 
achieved in fiscal 2020. Your company is now poised 
for accelerating operational success and share price 
appreciation.

Personally and on behalf of our team, I thank you for 
your continuing support and wish you all the best.

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

Canadian Funds  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

Canadian Funds 

The Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the 
audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes for the year ended September 30, 2019, prepared 
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and filed on SEDAR. Additional 
information relating to the Company, including its Annual Information Form (“AIF”), can be found on SEDAR 
at www.sedar.com. Reference to “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company” means Microbix Biosystems Inc. unless 
otherwise  stated.  All  amounts  are  presented  in  Canadian  dollars  unless  otherwise  stated.    Statements 
contained herein, which are   not historical facts, are forward looking statements that are subject to certain 
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth or implied. 
These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, discussion of financial results or the outlook 
for the business, risks associated with its financial results and stability, its antigens and quality assessment 
products business, development projects such as those referenced herein, sales to foreign jurisdictions, 
engineering and construction, production (including control over costs, quality, quantity and timeliness of 
delivery), foreign currency and exchange rates, maintaining adequate working capital and raising further 
capital on acceptable terms or at all, and other similar statements concerning anticipated future events, 
conditions or results that are not historical facts. These statements reflect management’s current estimates, 
beliefs, intentions and expectations; they are not guarantees of future performance. The Company cautions 
that all forward looking information is inherently uncertain and that actual performance may be affected 
by a number of material factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Accordingly, actual 
future  events,  conditions  and  results  may  differ  materially  from  the  estimates,  beliefs,  intentions  and 
expectations expressed or implied in the forward looking information. All statements are made as of the 
date of this disclosure and represent the Company’s judgment as of that date and the Company disclaims 
any intent or obligation to update such forward-looking statements.

The Management Discussion and Analysis is dated December 19, 2019.

COMPANY OVERVIEW
Microbix Biosystems Inc. (Microbix or the Company) (TSX: MBX) specializes in developing biological and 
technology solutions for human health and well-being. It manufactures a wide range of critical biological 
materials for the global diagnostics industry in two categories, (1) antigens and (2) quality assessment 
products (QAPs™). 

In the context of Microbix’s business, antigens are purified and inactivated bacteria and viruses, which 
are used in the immunoassay format of medical tests to assess exposure to, or immunity from, those 
pathogens.  QAPs  are  inactivated  and  stabilized  samples  of  a  pathogen,  that  are  created  to  resemble 
patient  samples  in  order  to  support  one  or  more  of  (i)  the  proficiency  testing  of  clinical  labs,  (ii)  test 
development, instrument validation and technician training, or (iii) the quality management of patient 
tests by clinical laboratories. Microbix’ antigens and QAPs are sold to more than 100 customers worldwide, 
primarily to multinational diagnostics companies and laboratory accreditation organizations. 

Microbix has also applied its biological expertise and infrastructure to create proprietary products 
or  technologies.  Currently  it  has  two;  (1)  Kinlytic®  urokinase,  a  biologic  thrombolytic  drug  (used  to 
dissolve blood clots), and (2) LumiSort™ cell-sorting, a technology for ultra-rapid and efficient sorting 
of particles that can be used to enrich cell populations of interest. 

Revenue from the antigens and QAPs business (Antigens & QAPs) is expected to continue growing for 
the foreseeable future. Antigen sales growth will be largely driven by certain public health tests starting 
to be adopted in the Asia Pacific region.  QAPs sales growth will be driven by Microbix’s creation of new 
value-added, branded and proprietary products and by increasing European and American regulation 
of clinical laboratories. Resulting sales are expected to provide free cash flow to cover operating and 
debt service costs, and funding for business initiatives that leverage Microbix’s expertise.

 2

Canadian Funds   
Canadian Funds 

COMPANY OVERVIEW (Continued)

The  Company  owns  and  operates  a  biologicals  manufacturing  facility  at  265  Watline  Avenue  in 
Mississauga,  Ontario.  Microbix  has  a  Pathogen  and  Toxin  license  for  its  facility,  issued  by  the  Public 
Health Agency of Canada. The Company’s administrative offices are in a leased building located at 235 
Watline Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario. 

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Year Ending September 30, 2019 (“2019”)

2019 revenue was $13,412,341, a 7% increase from 2018 revenues of $12,510,558.  Included were antigen 
and QAPs revenues of $13,067,727, 7% higher than 2018.  Sales were strong across multiple customers 
in North America and Europe and several of our key products.  Revenue from royalties were $344,614 
(2018 - $319,201).

Gross margin for the year was 49%, up from 43% in fiscal 2018, due to resolution of 2018 antigen 

yield control issues and changes to overall product mix that had a positive impact on margins.  

Operating expenses increased by 6% from 2018, primarily a result of increased investment in sales and 

marketing, and $135,000 of financing expenses in fiscal 2019 which had been capitalized in prior years.  

Stronger sales and gross margins in 2019 led to an operating income of $43,681 versus an operating 
loss before impairment of assets of $742,808 in 2018 and a net income of $31,918 in 2019 versus a net 
loss of $8,621,566 in 2018 (following a large one-time impairment charge).  Cash provided by operations 
(“CFO”) was $44,368, compared to cash used of $537,005 in 2018. 

Quarter Ending September 30, 2019 (“Q4”)

Total Q4 revenue was $3,587,285, a 6% increase from 2018 fourth quarter revenue of $3,389,574.  Included 
were  antigen  and  QAPs  revenues  of  $3,503,268  (2018  -  $3,308,913)  and  revenue  from  royalties  were 
$84,017 (2018 - $80,661).  Q4 sales were principally to antigen customers in North American and Europe 
and were across multiple customers and key products.  

Gross margin for Q4 was 44%, up from 41% in Q4 of fiscal 2018.  This increase was due to the mix of 
products sold in Q4 and the year-over-year improvement in margins of one of our key antigen products.  
Revenues from bioreactor-produced antigen were lower than expected, due to an on-going delay in the 
conversion of a key customer, resulting in most sales of that antigen continuing to be from conventional 
methods in Q4. 

Operating expenses for Q4 increased by $22,286 from 2018, due to further investment in sales and 

marketing and debenture interest costs that were previously capitalized in 2018.   

As a result of all the foregoing, a net loss of $48,816 was reported in Q4 versus a net loss of $8,185,894 
(or  a  net  loss  of  $307,136  without  the  one-time  impairment  charge)  in  Q4  2018.  Cash  provided  by 
operations (“CFO”) in Q4 was $574,570 (primarily due to higher gross margins for the quarter), compared 
to cash provided of $349,783 in 2018. 

 3

Canadian Funds   
Financial Highlights
as at and for the year ended

Canadian Funds 

Sept 30, 2019 

Sept 30, 2018

Revenue 

      $     13,412,341      

 $ 

 12,510,558     

Gross Margin 
Sales, General and Administrative Expenses 
Research and Development Expense 
Financial Expenses 

 6,547,447   
 4,395,496   
 1,042,192   
 1,066,078  

   5,369,436    
  4,170,641 
 1,089,746     
 851,857    

Operating Income (Loss) before impairment of assets 

 43,681  

 (742,808)

Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)  

 31,918  

 (8,621,566)

Net Income (Loss) per share 

0.000 

 (0.090)

Cash Provided (Used) by Operating Activities 

 44,368  

 (537,005) 

Cash 
Accounts receivable 
Total current assets 
Total assets 
Total current liabilities 
Total liabilities 
Total shareholders’ equity 
Current ratio 
Debt to equity ratio 

SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

    95,571  
   1,709,470  
 6,452,308  
 19,629,573  
 4,765,895  
 9,092,165  
 10,537,408  
 1.35  
 0.86  

 44,358    
 1,313,480    
 6,067,018 
 19,310,067  
 4,161,417 
 8,956,565 
 10,353,502 
 1.46  
 0.87  

Dec-31-17
$

Mar-31-18
$

Jun-30-18
$

Sep-30-18
$

Dec-31-18
$

Mar-31-19
$

Jun-30-19
$

Sep-30-19
$

Revenue

 2,885,567 

  3,000,193 

  3,235,224 

  3,389,574 

 2,460,812 

  4,253,629 

  3,110,615 

 3,587,285  

Net Income (Loss) and 
Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Operating Income (Loss) before debt 
restructuring, settlement expenses 
and Impairment of assets

 (94,128)

 (342,502)

958 

(8,185,894)

  (119,296)

 391,352 

 (191,322)

 (48,816)

 (94,128)

 (342,502)

958 

(307,136)

  (119,296)

 482,037 

 (191,322)

 (127,738)

 4

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
Canadian Funds 

OUTLOOK

Microbix’ primary business is the result of nearly three decades of experience manufacturing high quality 
viral and bacterial antigens – for use in the medical diagnostic testing industry.  Its many antigen products 
have received widespread and longstanding acceptance by “immunoassay” diagnostic test makers, with 
continuing growth in demand. Microbix antigens are now used by over 100 diagnostics manufacturers and 
are the critical biology inside tens of millions of medical tests for bacterial and viral diseases.

More  recently,  growth  in  demand  for  Microbix’  antigens  has  been  stronger  to  end  customers  in  both 
established and emerging markets. Much of that growth is believed to be due to a number of diagnostics for 
infectious diseases important to public health beginning to be adopted in the Asia-Pacific region.  In fiscal 2018, 
we saw the emergence of this Asian demand materialize in orders from our distribution partner for such markets, 
as well as from customers based in North America and Europe that are reporting growing sales into Asia.

The long-term effect of this trend may be to take our potential market from being the population of 
~700 million of North America and Western Europe to closer to the global population of 7.6 billion. As a 
leading global supplier of such vital native antigens that has created and validated leading-edge production 
techniques, Microbix believes it is now prepared to fulfill such demand growth.

Microbix’s  emerging  QAPs  business  involves  the  use  of  antigens  for  purposes  beyond  the  large-scale 
manufacturing  of  medical  test  kits.  This  newer  usage  packages  a  very  small  amount  of  stabilized  and 
inactivated bacteria or virus into individual one milliliter vials or dried onto swabs. Such samples are used as 
tools to establish whether the quality objectives of clinical laboratories are being met – for example to assess 
whether  testing  equipment  is  functioning  properly  and  whether  staff  has  been  adequately  trained.  Such 
finished quality assessment products (QAPs™, pronounced as “caps”) are a high value end-use of Microbix’ 
antigens and there is a growing need for such products as regulators progressively tighten their surveillance 
of the competence of medical testing labs. A notable driver for such demand are the U.S. “CLIA” regulations 
and ISO 15189 standards, that are requiring labs to use quality products from qualified third parties across 
their ever-broadening portfolio of tests. Microbix now derives about 10% of its sales from providing QAPs 
to laboratory accreditation organizations and is building-out this business segment to test and instrument 
makers, and to clinical laboratories directly. 

Due  to  the  positive  prospects  of  each  of  the  above  two  lines  of  its  business,  Microbix  is  reinvesting 
to  better  ensure  that  it  can  meet  the  expected  growth  in  demand.  Such  work  includes  upgrading  its 
manufacturing technologies, quality systems, processes and training, capacity and allocation of capacity, 
along with developing and launching new products. This has involved many steps to both de-bottleneck 
and de-risk our production processes, work that will be ongoing as Microbix continues to grow sales across 
our  product  lines.  In  fiscal  2018  and  2019,  multiple  upgrades  to  facilities  were  completed  and  further 
investments will be made in infrastructure going forward. Additionally, Microbix will be investing in people 
– with efforts to enhance training, career progression and retention. 

Initial benefits of the manufacturing upgrades were seen in the sales of fiscal 2018 and 2019, which 
demonstrated an annual compound growth rate of 15% over the two year period. In fiscal 2020, Microbix 
aims for continuing sales growth alongside material improvement to its percentage gross margins, with 
margin gains being driven by the use of new production technologies and a growing proportion of higher 
margin products. 

Further progress on enhancing production capabilities are expected to result from the $2.75 million 
contribution  agreement  with  FedDev  Ontario,  announced  on  July  30,  2019.    Additionally,  on  August  1, 
Microbix confirmed the timetable of conversion of a major antigen product into its bioreactor technology 
and, over the month of September, approvals to sell innovative new QAPs to clinical laboratories in the 
European Union and the United States. 

 5

Canadian Funds   
OUTLOOK (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Going forward, Microbix is continuously working to improve its percentage gross margin while also growing 
its sales of both antigens and QAPs. Percentage gross margin improvements should be achievable by way of 
an increasing proportion of bioreactor-driven antigen sales, improving antigen yields on a broader basis and 
larger sales of quality products. Achievement of sales and gross margin goals is expected to lead to meaningful 
quarterly net earnings. Quarterly reporting will update shareholders on progress with such operational goals.

Headway is also being made with Kinlytic® urokinase.   Microbix has been actively working with a U.S. 
agent  on  outreaches  to  potential  out-licensing  and  development  partners.  Multiple  potential  partners  are 
now under confidentiality agreements and Microbix is engaged with assisting such parties in conducting due 
diligence on its “Data Room” materials. Management views progress as satisfactory at this stage and will likely 
update shareholders based on either of two process milestones, (i) executing a binding letter-of intent, or (ii) 
signing a definitive agreement.

To summarize, the company continues to target double-digit annual percentage growth in sales, while 
concurrently expanding gross margins and net earnings.  Sustainable growth and consistent profitability 
are  core  goals  for  Microbix.  Those  objectives  should  be  attainable  based  on  increasing  demand  for 
antigens, implementation of innovative antigen production methods, the launch of new QAPs product 
lines and successful partnering of Kinlytic. It is intended for success with such initiatives to drive share 
price appreciation.

LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) on a going concern basis, which presumes the Company will continue operating 
for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize a return on its assets and discharge its liabilities and 
commitments in the normal course of business.

The   Company has  incurred  historical  losses resulting  in  an  accumulated  deficit  of  $35,666,485 
as at  September 30, 2019.  Management continuously monitors the financial position of the Company 
with  respect  to  working  capital  needs,  as  well  as  long-term  capital  requirements  compared  to  the 
annual  operating  budget.  Variances  are  highlighted  and  actions  are  taken  to  ensure  the  Company  is 
appropriately capitalized.

Future Liquidity and Capital Needs 

The Company primarily funds new product development activities and capital expenditures from profits 
earned by its business and, periodically from additional equity and/or debt.

Over the course of fiscal 2020, cash flow is expected to improve due to: 1) continued growth in antigen 
and quality product sales, 2) improvements in product pricing or other sales terms, 3) commencement of 
sales of higher percentage gross margin product from the Company’s bioreactor production process, and 
4)  other  business  development  and  financial  initiatives.  Management  expects  these  developments  will 
significantly improve the overall liquidity position, as the Company’s plans come to fruition.

Microbix will continue to monitor and manage its cash position, with the objective of anticipating and 

meeting all future liquidity and capital needs.

 6

Canadian Funds   
LIQUIDITY, CASH FLOWS AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Related Party Transactions
On March 28, 2018 the board of directors approved the repricing of 1,500,000 of warrants held by a director 
of the Company, in lieu of other director compensation.  These warrants were repriced from $0.55 to $0.32 
and the expiry was extended by one year.  The non-cash financial impact was $128,901, which is included in 
general and administrative expenses. 

Outstanding Share Capital
Share capital issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 was $33,912,460 for 
96,972,705 common shares.

TREND INFORMATION

Historical spending patterns are no indication of future expenditures. Investment in the new products and 
technologies is at the discretion of management and the board of directors. The Company is not aware of 
any material trends related to its business that have not been discussed in this Management Discussion and 
Analysis dated December 19, 2019.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Company is exposed to business risks, both known and unknown, which may or may not affect its 
operations.  Management  works  continuously  to  mitigate  unacceptable  risk,  while  still  allowing  the 
business to grow and prosper. These risk factors include the following:

A significant portion of Antigens Product sales are dependent on key clients, open borders, international 
transportation systems, and access to raw materials.
A significant share of the Company’s antigens products sales are sold to a few key customers globally. 
These products contributed a significant share of the revenues. The loss of a key customer, or restrictions 
on export, import, or international transportation of its products, raw materials or insufficient marketing 
resources, could materially impact revenue and profitability.

Environmental, safety and other regulatory
Microbix’ research and manufacturing operations involves potentially hazardous materials. The Company takes 
extensive precautions to appropriately manage these materials as regulated by the applicable environmental 
and safety authorities. Changes in environmental and safety legislation may limit the Company’s activities 
or  increase  costs.  An  environmental  accident  could  adversely  impact  its  operations.  Microbix’  antigen 
products  are  considered  a  production  ingredient  and  not  directly  regulated  by  governments  in  Canada  or 
other jurisdictions. Commercialization of certain quality assessment products require approval of regulatory 
agencies such as the FDA, in which case Microbix will not receive revenue until regulatory approval is obtained.

Re-Launch of Kinlytic® urokinase
Microbix’ goal is to re-launch this biologic clot-buster drug into the United States market. The Company has 
consulted with the United States Food and Drug Administration about the viability of its re-launch plans and 
secured quotations for major project tasks from third-party service providers to independently validate budgets 
and timelines. Outreach has been undertaken to secure project funding from development partners on the basis 
of the resulting re-launch plans. There is no assurance the Company will be successful in this endeavour.

 7

Canadian Funds   
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Quality Assessment Products in development
The Company has multiple quality assessment products under development, with the goal of building its sales of 
this category of product. There is no assurance that these development activities will result in the completion of 
new commercial products. If the Company is unable to develop and commercialize products, it will be unable to 
recover its related product development investments. 

Product commercialization requires strategic relationships
To commercialize large market products in development, Microbix may need to establish strategic partnerships, 
joint ventures or licensing relationships with pharmaceutical, biotechnology or animal genetics companies. It is 
possible the Company may be unable to negotiate mutually acceptable terms.

Operating and capital requirements
Microbix seeks to earn a profit on the sale of its Antigens & QAPs, which is a major source of funding for its 
research and development activities. The Company believes that cash generated from operations is sufficient 
to meet normal operating and capital requirements. However, the Company may need to raise additional 
funds, from time to time for several reasons including, to expand production capacity, to advance its current 
research  and  development  programs,  to  support  various  collaboration  initiatives  with  third  parties,  to 
underwrite  the  cost  of  filing,  prosecuting  and  enforcing  patents  and  other  intellectual  property  rights,  to 
invest in acquisitions, new technologies and new market developments. Additional financing may not be 
available, and even    if available, may not be offered on acceptable terms.

Future success may depend on successfully commercializing new products or technologies
In the nearer term, Microbix must maintain and grow its existing product sales. To survive and prosper over 
the longer term, Microbix may need to commercialize new products or technologies. Such work is inherently 
uncertain and there is no guarantee that Microbix will be successful with its efforts.

Failure to obtain and protect intellectual property could adversely affect business
Microbix’ future success depends, in part, on its ability to obtain patents, or licenses to patents, maintain 
trade secret protection and enforce its rights against others. The Company’s intellectual property includes 
trade secrets and know-how that may not be protected by patents. There is no assurance that the Company 
will be able to protect its trade know-how. To help protect its intellectual property, the Company requires 
employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. However, these 
agreements may not adequately protect trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the 
event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Protection of intellectual property may also entail prosecuting 
claims against others who the Company believes are infringing its rights or securing its freedom to operate 
relative to the rights of other parties. Involvement in intellectual property litigation could result in significant 
costs, adversely affecting the development of products or sales of the challenged product, or intellectual 
property, and divert the efforts of its scientific and management personnel, whether or not such litigation is 
resolved in the Company’s favour.

Microbix will continue to face significant competition
Competition  from  life  sciences  companies,  and  academic  and  research  institutions  is  significant.  Many 
competitors have substantially greater resources and general capabilities in the areas of scientific and product 
development, legal review, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and financial support than Microbix. While 
the Company continues to expand its technological, commercial, legal and financial capabilities in order to 
remain competitive, Microbix’ competitors may also be making significant investments in all of these areas, 
which could make it more difficult for Microbix to commercialize its products and technologies.

 8

Canadian Funds   
 
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

Canadian Funds 

The primary risks affecting the Company are summarized below and have not changed during the fiscal 
year. The list does not cover all risks, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of management to mitigate 
the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk.

Credit risk:
The Company’s customers are primarily large multi-national companies with very high quality credit ratings. 
Given this track record, management perceives the credit risk to be low. Typically the outstanding accounts 
receivable  balance  is  relatively  concentrated  with  a  few  large  customers  representing  the  majority  of  the 
value.  For the period ended September 30, 2019, five customers accounted for 78% (2018 - five customers 
accounted for 66%) of the outstanding balance.  The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past 
several years and accordingly management has recorded an allowance of $25,625 (2018- $10,000).

Currency risk:
The Company is exposed to currency risk given its global customer base. Over 90% of its revenue is denominated 
in either U.S. dollars or Euros. The Company does not use financial instruments to hedge this currency risk. At 
September 30, 2019, the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held in foreign currencies are:

US dollars 

Euros

2019 

2018 

2019 

2018

Cash   
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable 

$       88,820   
    797,352   
     197,551   

$ 

42,557   
652,429   
   204,696  

$ 

5,223 
 591,454   
 -  

$ 
247
     314,402 

-

Based upon 2019 results, the impact of a 5% increase in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would 
result in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $354,100 Cdn. The impact of a 5% 
increase in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based revenue of 
approximately $298,700. Correspondingly, the impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian 
dollar would result in a loss in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $354,100 Cdn. The impact 
of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual Euro-based revenue 
of approximately $298,700.     

Liquidity risk
Liquidity  risk  measures  the  Company’s  ability  to  meet  its  financial  obligations  when  they  fall  due.  To 
manage this situation, the Company projects and monitors its cash requirements to accommodate changes 
in liquidity needs. In addition, during fiscal 2017 the Company announced that it has arranged a secured 
revolving  credit  facility  with  The  Toronto-Dominion  Bank  (“TD  Bank”)  and  Export  Development  Canada 
(“EDC”). The credit facility is being used to fund the Company’s need for working capital to grow its existing 
business.  This facility is helping to satisfy the Company’s liquidity needs and to manage the liquidity risk 
going forward.

Interest rate risk
Financial  instruments  that  potentially  subject  the  Company  to  interest  rate  risk  include  those  assets  and 
liabilities with a variable interest rate. Exposure to interest rate risk is primarily on the BDC debt that has a 
variable rate pegged to the bank rate. The rate can be fixed, if the outlook indicates interest rates will move 
higher. The only other variable debt the Company has is the $2,000,000 line of credit that bears interest at the 
bank’s prime lending rate plus 2.0%. A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately 
$30,000 per year for BDC and about $20,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the 
fiscal year.

 9

Canadian Funds   
 
 
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Market risk
Market risk reflects changes in pricing for both Antigens & QAPs and raw materials based on supply and 
demand  criteria;  also  market  forces  can  affect  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  as  well  as  interest  rates 
which could affect the Company’s financial performance or the value of its financial instruments. Microbix 
products are valuable components in our customers’ products and cannot be easily replaced. The Company 
works closely with customers to ensure its products meet their specific criteria.

Fair value
The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgement is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could 
be realized in a current market exchange could be different than the estimated value.

The fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate 

their carrying values due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities. The convertible and non-convertible debenture fair values are not readily determinable as 
the convertible debentures have been issued to shareholders of the Company. The fair values of financial 
instruments in other long-term liabilities approximate their carrying values as they are recorded at the net 
present values of their future cash flows, using an appropriate discount rate.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and 
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company’s 
audited  consolidated  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRS  and  the  reporting 
currency  is  Canadian  dollars.  On  an  on-going  basis,  management  bases  its  estimates  on  historical  and 
other experience and assumptions, which it believes are reasonable in the circumstances. The significant 
accounting policies that the Company believes are the most critical in fully understanding and evaluating 
the reported financial results include:

Intangible Assets
Intangible assets include technology costs, patents, trademarks and licenses. Each is recorded at cost and 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreements or useful life of the asset.  Amortization 
commences  when  the  intangible  asset  is  available  for  use.    Intangibles  with  definite  lives  but  not  yet 
available for use are assessed at least annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indicators 
of impairment.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives for potential impairment 
when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The 
carrying value of non-financial assets with definite lives but are not ready for  use, are assessed at least 
annually for impairment based on the impairment test on cash-generating units (CGUs). The impairment 
test on CGUs is carried out by comparing the carrying amount of the CGU and its recoverable amount. 
The recoverable amount of a CGU is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. This 
complex valuation process entails the use of methods such as the discounted cash method which requires 
numerous assumptions to estimate future cash flows. The recoverable amount is impacted significantly 
by the discount rate selected to be used in the discounted cash flow model, as well as the quantum and 
timing of risk-adjusted future cash flows and the growth rate used for the extrapolation.  The impairment 
loss is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. 

 10

Canadian Funds   
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Non-Convertible and Convertible Debentures
Management  determines  the  fair  value  of  the  debenture  using  valuation  techniques.  Those  techniques 
are significantly affected by the estimated assumptions used, including discount rates, expected life and 
estimates of future cash flows.

Deferred income taxes
Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences 
attributable  to  differences  between  financial  statement  carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and 
their respective income tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates 
expected to be in effect when   the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effects 
of changes in income tax rates are reflected in future income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate 
changes are substantively enacted.

Share-based payments
The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation for awards granted 
to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The fair value of the award at the time of 
granting is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation 
expense on a straight- line basis over the vesting period with an offsetting amount recorded to contributed 
surplus. The amount of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion 
of the options vested at that date. When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees 
or directors, together with the related amount in contributed surplus, is credited to capital stock. When an 
employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised within 90 days, or the options expire. Any 
options that are unvested are reversed in the period that the employee leaves.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in 
an  arm’s  length  transaction  between  willing  parties  and  through  appropriate  valuation  methods,  but 
considerable judgment is required for the Company to determine the value. The actual amount that could 
be realized in a current market exchange could be different than the estimated value.

The  carrying  amounts  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  bank  indebtedness  and 
accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these 
instruments. Based on available market information, the fair value of the obligation under capital lease 
approximates its carrying value. 

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms 
and maturities.  The fair value of the liability for each convertible debenture has been calculated and the 
residual is accounted for in equity. The Company does not have any off balance sheet financial instruments.

Disclosure Controls
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s 
disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in the National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure 
in  Issuer’s  Annual  Filings  (NI  52-109F1).  As  at  September  30,  2019,  management  has  concluded  that  the 
disclosure controls are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed 
in the Company’s reports is recorded, processed summarized and reported within the time periods specified 
in the Canadian Securities Administrator’s rules and forms.

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
The  design  of  internal  controls  over  financial  reporting  (“ICFR”)  within  the  company  is  a  management 
responsibility  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  the  reliability  of  financial  reporting  and  that  the 
preparation  of  financial  statements  for  external  purposes  is  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 

 11

Canadian Funds   
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting (Continued)
accounting principles of IFRS. While the CEO and CFO believe that the internal controls are adequate to 
provide the above information, the process to evaluate and document all policies and procedures that 
could impact financial reporting is continuously reviewed with consultation with the Audit Committee. 
Shareholders  should  be  aware  that  Microbix  is  a  small  company  without  the  department  resources 
associated  with  larger  firms.  Management  is  using  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organization  of  the 
Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Framework and has concluded that the Internal Control over Financial 
Reporting (“ICFR”) as defined in NI 52-109 is effective as at the period ended September 30, 2019.

Examination by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer showed that there were no 
changes to the internal controls over financial reporting during the period ended September 30, 2019 
that have materially affected, or are reasonably thought to materially affect, the internal control over 
financial reporting.

IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Certain  new  standards,  interpretations,  amendments  and  improvements  to  existing  standards  were 
issued  by  the  IASB  or  IFRS  Interpretation  Committee  (“IFRIC”)  that  are  mandatory  at  certain  dates  or 
later.  Management is still assessing the effects of the pronouncements on the Company.  The standards 
impacted that may be applicable to the Company are described below.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 

The  Company  has  adopted  new  amendments  to  the  following  accounting  standards  effective  for  its 
interim and annual consolidated financial statements commencing October 1, 2018. The effect of these 
pronouncements on the Company’s results and operations are described below. 

IFRS 2, Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”)
In  September  2016,  the  IASB  issued  final  amendments  to  IFRS  2,  clarifying  how  to  account  for  certain 
types of share-based payment transactions. The amendments, which were developed through the IFRS 
Interpretations Committee, provide requirements on the accounting for: (i) the effect of vesting and non-
vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments; (ii) share-based payment 
transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations; and (iii) a modification to the 
terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classifications of the transaction from 
cash-settled to equity-settled. The effective date for this standard is for reporting periods beginning on or 
after January 1, 2018, with earlier application permitted.

The  Company  has  completed  the  review  process  to  assess  the  impact  and  application  of  the 

aforementioned amendments and has determined it will have no impact on the Company.

IFRS 9 - Financial instruments (“IFRS 9”)
The Company has adopted IFRS 9, effective October 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis, in accordance 
with the transitional provisions of IFRS 9.  As such, comparative figures have not been restated. IFRS 9 provides 
a revised model for recognition, measurement and impairment of financial instruments and includes a new 
model for hedge accounting aligning the accounting treatment with risk management activities.

As detailed below, the Company has changed its accounting policy for financial instruments retrospectively, 

except where described below.  

 12

Canadian Funds   
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 (Continued)

IFRS 9 - Financial instruments (“IFRS 9”) (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

Financial assets
IFRS 9 includes a revised model for classifying financial assets, which results in classification according to a 
financial instrument’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the business models under which they are 
held. At initial recognition, financial assets are measured at fair value. Under the IFRS 9 model for classification 
of financial assets, the Company has classified and measured its financial assets as described below:

Cash and cash equivalents measured at fair value through profit or loss under International Accounting 
Standard 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”) continue to be measured 
as such under IFRS 9.

Accounts  receivable  classified  as  financial  assets  continue  to  be  measured  at  amortized  cost 

under IFRS 9.

The  adoption  of  IFRS  9  did  not  result  in  a  change  in  the  carrying  values  of  any  of  the  Company’s 

financial assets on the transition date.

Financial liabilities
Financial  liabilities  are  recognized  initially  at  fair  value,  and  in  the  case  of  financial  liabilities,  not 
subsequently  measured  at  fair  value,  net  of  directly  attributable  transaction  costs.  Financial  liabilities 
are derecognized when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled, or expired. For 
financial  liabilities,  IFRS  9  retains  most  of  the  IAS  39  requirements  and,  since  the  Company  does  not 
have any financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, the adoption of IFRS 9 did not 
impact the Company’s accounting policies for financial liabilities. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, 
interest payable, and long-term debt are classified as financial liabilities to be subsequently measured at 
amortized cost.

The  adoption  of  IFRS  9  did  not  result  in  a  change  in  the  carrying  values  of  any  of  the  Company’s 

financial liabilities on the transition date.

Expected credit loss impairment model
IFRS  9  requires  a  forward-looking  expected  credit  loss  impairment  (“ECL”)  model  as  opposed  to  an 
incurred credit loss model under IAS 39.  As the Company’s financial assets are substantially made up of 
trade receivables, the Company has opted to use the simplified approach for measuring the loss allowance 
at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.  The simplified approach does not require the tracking of changes in 
credit risk, but instead requires the recognition of lifetime ECLs at all times.  Lifetime ECL represents the 
ECL that would result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.  The 
adoption of the ECL model did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements, and 
did not result in a transitional adjustment.

Financial instruments
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities (financial instruments) include cash and cash equivalents, 
accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt financial instruments. All 
financial instruments are recorded at fair value at recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial 
instruments  classified  as  accounts  receivables,  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities,  and  long-term 
debt  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method.  Other  financial  assets  and 
liabilities are recorded at fair value subsequent to initial recognition.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”)
Effective  October  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  IFRS  15.  IFRS  15  supersedes  International  Accounting 
Standard 18, Revenue (“IAS 18”). IFRS 15 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in 
accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an 
amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring

 13

Canadian Funds   
 
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 (Continued)

Canadian Funds 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”) (Continued)
goods or services to a customer. The principles in IFRS 15 provide a more structured approach to measuring 
and recognizing revenue.

The Company has elected to use the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative 
effect of initially applying the Standard to be recognized at the date of initial application, which is October 
1, 2018, and that the financial information previously presented for the year ended September 30, 2018 
would remain unchanged. The transition to the new standard had no material impact on the measurement 
and recognition of revenue in the current or prior periods. 

The Company has elected to make use of the following practical expedients: 

(i)   Completed contracts under IAS 18 before the date of transition have not been reassessed. 
(ii)   Financing  components  are  not  considered  in  the  Company’s  transaction  price  as  the  time  gap 

between payment and delivery of goods and services is expected to be less than one year. 

(iii)  Contract costs incurred related to contracts with an amortization period of less than one year have 

been expensed as incurred.

IFRIC 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration
In 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration 
(“IFRIC 22”) which provides requirements about which exchange rate to use in reporting foreign currency 
transactions  (such  as  revenue  transactions)  when  payment  is  made  or  received  in  advance.  IFRIC  22  is 
effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. On 
initial application, entities have the option to apply either retrospectively or prospectively. 

The Company has elected to adopt IFRIC 22 prospectively beginning on October 1, 2018. The adoption 
of the standard has had no significant impact on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated financial 
statements for the three-month ended period September 30, 2019. 

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED 

IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”)
On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, which outlines requirements for lessees to recognize assets 
and liabilities for most leases. Lessees are required to recognize the lease liability for the obligations to 
make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. 
Lease liability is measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. The 
right-of-use asset is initially measured at the amount of the lease liability and adjusted for prepayments, 
direct costs and incentives received.

The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The Company 

is currently assessing the impact of the new interpretation on its consolidated financial statements.

 14

Canadian Funds   
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT

To the Shareholders of Microbix Biosystems Inc.

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Microbix Biosystems Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Group), 
which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, 
and  the  consolidated  statements  of  income  (loss)  and  comprehensive  income  (loss),  consolidated  statements  of 
changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the 
consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. 

In  our  opinion,  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects  the 
consolidated financial position of the Group as at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, and its consolidated 
financial  performance  and  its  consolidated  cash  flows  for  the  years  then  ended  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). 

Basis for opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities 
under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements section of our report.  We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements 
that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements in Canada, and we have fulfilled our other 
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained 
is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Other information 

Management is responsible for the other information.  The other information comprises:

•  Management’s Discussion and Analysis; and
•  The information, other than the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon, in 

the Annual Report.

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and 
will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In  connection  with  our  audit  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  our  responsibility  is  to  read  the  other 
information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated 
financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Annual Report prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, 
based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, 
we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements  

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements 
in  accordance  with  IFRS,  and  for  such  internal  control  as  management  determines  is  necessary  to  enable  the 
preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error. 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going 
concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or 
has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements   

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.

 15

Canadian Funds   
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (Continued)

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they 
could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated 
financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional 
judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

• 

 Identify  and  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements, 
whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and 
obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of 
not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures 
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Group’s internal control. 

•  Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management.

•  Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  management’s  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting 
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events 
or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. 
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s 
report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are 
inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to 
the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease 
to continue as a going concern. 

•  Evaluate the overall presentation, structure, and content of the consolidated financial statements, 
including  the  disclosures,  and  whether  the  consolidated  financial  statements  represent  the 
underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. 
We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain 
solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We  communicate  with  those  charged  with  governance  regarding,  among  other  matters,  the  planned  scope  and 
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we 
identify during our audit.

We  also  provide  those  charged  with  governance  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  relevant  ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may 
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Laura Sluce. 

Toronto, Canada 
December 19, 2019

 16

Canadian Funds   
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION 

AS AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018 

ASSETS  
     CURRENT ASSETS  

Cash  
Accounts receivable (Note 20)  
Inventories (Note 5)  
Prepaid expenses and other assets  
Investment tax credit receivable (Note 15)  
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS  

     LONG-TERM ASSETS

Deferred tax asset (Note 15)  
Property, plant and equipment (Note 6)  
Intangible assets (Note 7)  
     TOTAL LONG-TERM ASSETS  

TOTAL ASSETS  

LIABILITIES  
     CURRENT LIABILITIES  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  
Bank indebtedness (Note 9)               
Current portion of finance lease obligation 
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 9) 
Current portion of debentures (Note 8) 
Deferred revenue (Note 22) 

     TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES  

Finance lease obligation 
Non-convertible debenture (Note 8) 
Convertible debentures (Note 8) 
Long-term debt (Note 9)  
     TOTAL LONG-TERM LIABILITIES  

TOTAL LIABILITIES  

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Share capital (Note 10)  
Equity component of  
         convertible debentures (Note 8)  
Contributed surplus  
Accumulated deficit  

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Canadian Funds

2019 

2018

$ 

    95,571   
 1,709,470   
 4,480,192   
 99,201   
 67,874   
 6,452,308   

 $ 

 44,358   
 1,313,480   
        4,446,968   
 169,965   
 92,247   
    6,067,018   

 1,568,237   
 6,650,380   
 4,958,648   
 13,177,265   

 1,580,000   
 6,646,730   
 5,016,319   
    13,243,049    

 $   19,629,573        

 $  19,310,067   

 $    1,462,616    
 1,400,000   
 80,378   
 408,260   
 774,178   
 640,463   
 4,765,895   

 169,149   
 750,350   
 1,353,905   
 2,052,866   
 4,326,270   

$ 

 1,766,592   
 260,000   
 80,627   
 438,120   
  684,953   
 931,125   
 4,161,417   

 249,526 
 779,536   
 1,304,960   
 2,461,126   
 4,795,148   

$    9,092,165   

$ 

 8,956,565   

  $   33,912,460           $  33,912,460   

 2,903,789   
 2,903,789   
 9,235,656   
 9,387,644   
 (35,698,403) 
 (35,666,485) 
$   10,537,408        $  10,353,502   

TOTAL LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

 $   19,629,573          $  19,310,067   

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 24)

(Signed) “William J. Gastle”
William J. Gastle
Director 

(Signed) “Cameron L. Groome”
cameron l. Groome
Director 

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 17

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                        
 
                      
 
            
 
 
 
                       
 
                 
 
 
 
                     
 
                     
 
           
            
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
   
 
 
 
               
 
  
 
               
 
               
 
               
 
              
                        
 
 
 
 
                    
 
                    
 
                    
 
                       
                          
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        
 
  
  
 
            
 
  
 
  
                          
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 

Canadian Funds

SALES 
     Antigen products and technologies  
     Royalties  
TOTAL SALES (Note 22)       

COST OF GOODS SOLD
     Antigen products and technologies (Notes 14) 
     Royalties  
TOTAL COST OF GOODS SOLD  

GROSS MARGIN 

EXPENSES
     Selling and business development (Note 14) 
     General and administrative (Note 14) 
     Research and development (Note 14)  
     Financial expenses (Note 17) 

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) 
     BEFORE IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS 

          Impairment of long-term assets (Notes 6, 7) 

INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR,
     BEFORE INCOME TAXES 

INCOME TAXES
     Deferred income taxes (Note 15)  
     Current income taxes 

NET INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE 
     INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR 

NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
     Basic (Note 13)  
     Diluted (Note 13)  

2019 

2018

$  13,067,727  
 344,614  
13,412,341  

 $ 12,191,357   
 319,201   
 12,510,558   

6,796,735  
68,159  
6,864,894  

 7,076,797   
 64,325   
 7,141,122   

6,547,447  

 5,369,436   

651,460  
3,744,036  
1,042,192  
1,066,078  

 556,414   
 3,614,227   
 1,089,746   
 851,857   

43,681  

 (742,808)   

-       

7,878,758   

43,681  

 (8,621,566)   

 11,763  
-      

 -        
-        

 $ 

31,918   

 $ (8,621,566)   

 $ 
 $ 

0.000  
0.000  

 $ 
 $ 

(0.090)
(0.090)

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 18

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
      
 
    
 
    
 
   
 
    
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
    
 
   
 
   
  
   
  
         
           
         
           
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 

OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net income (loss) for the period 
Items not affecting cash 
    Amortization and depreciation (Note 6, 7) 
    Accretion of debentures 
    Stock options and warrants expense (Note 12) 
    Share and warrant issuance for services (Note 10, 11) 
    Deferred tax asset (Note 3) 
    Impairment of long-term asset (Note 6, 7) 
Change in non-cash working capital balances (Note 16) 

CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES  

INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

    Purchase of property, plant and equipment (Note 6)  
    Additions from internal development 
        of intangible assets (Note 7)  

CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES  

FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

    Repayments of long-term debt (Note 9) 
    Proceeds from Equipment Loan (Note 9) 
    Repayments of convertible and 
        non-convertible debentures (Note 8) 
    Repayments of shareholders’ loans   
    Repayments of finance lease obligation           
    Proceeds (repayments) of credit facility (Note 9)                
    Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants                
    Issue of common shares, net of issue costs 

CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES  

NET CHANGE IN CASH - DURING THE YEAR 

CASH - BEGINNING OF YEAR 

CASH - END OF YEAR 

Canadian Funds

2019 

2018

$ 

31,918   

 $ (8,621,566) 

568,822  
208,592  
151,988  
      -         
 11,763  
 -         
 (928,715)  

 690,078   
 161,934   
 458,525   
 99,969   
 -        
 7,878,758   
 (1,204,703) 

44,368    

 (537,005) 

 (433,233)  

 (944,252) 

(81,567)  

 (273,747) 

 (514,800)  

 (1,217,999) 

 (438,120)  
-          

 (362,050) 
   323,906  

(99,609)  
-          
(80,626)  
1,140,000    
 -        
-        

 (91,127) 
 (200,000) 
 (72,719) 
 (1,095,000) 
 104,608  
 3,137,283  

521,645   

 1,744,901   

 51,213    

(10,102) 

 44,358  

 54,460   

$ 

95,571  

 $ 

44,358   

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 19

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
           
 
  
 
               
 
         
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
                   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
  
 
        
        
   
 
    
 
        
        
        
  
  
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

For the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 

 SHARE CAPITAL (Note 10) 
STATED 
NUMBER OF 
CAPITAL 
SHARES 

CONTRIBUTED 
SURPLUS 

DEFICIT 

Canadian Funds

EQUITY  
COMPONENT OF 
DEBENTURE 

TOTAL
  SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2017      84,704,257    $31,299,416    $8,048,315   $(27,076,837)  $2,903,789   $15,174,683  

Stock option expense 

Share Issuance pursuant  
to Stock Options Exercised  

Share Issuance pursuant to  
Warrants Exercised 

Issue of Warrants pursuant to  
Private Placement 

 458,525  

400,000  

 181,516  

 (77,516) 

  1,815  

 811  

 (203) 

Issue of Broker Warrants  

Share Issuance pursuant   
to Private Placement 

 11,666,633  

 2,756,085  

Share Issue Costs pursuant to  
Private Placement 

 (380,368) 

 (102,667) 

Share Issuance for Services 

  200,000  

  55,000   

Warrants Issuance for Services 

 44,969   

  743,905  

 120,328  

   458,525 

 104,000 

 608 

   743,905 

 120,328 

2,756,085 

 (483,035)

 55,000  

 44,969  

Net loss for the year 

 (8,621,566) 

 (8,621,566)

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2018        96,972,705   $33,912,460    $9,235,656  $(35,698,403)  $2,903,789   $10,353,502  

Stock option expense 

Net income for the year 

 151,988   

 31,918 

 151,988  

  31,918  

BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2019        96,972,705   $33,912,460    $9,387,644   $(35,666,485)  $2,903,789   $10,537,408   

The accompanying notes and summary of significant accounting policies are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

 20

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

1. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS

Microbix  Biosystems  Inc.  (the  “Company”  or  “Microbix”),  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  Province  of  Ontario, 
develops and commercializes proprietary biological and technology solutions for human health and wellbeing.  Microbix 
manufactures a wide range of critical biological materials for the global diagnostics industry, notably antigens used in 
immunoassays or quality assessment and proficiency testing controls (the Antigen Business). 

Microbix has also applied its biological expertise and infrastructure to create proprietary new products or technologies.  
Currently it has two; (1) Kinlytic® urokinase, a biologic thrombolytic drug (used to dissolve blood clots), and (2) LumiSort™ 
cell-sorting,  a  technology  platform  for  ultra-rapid  and  efficient  sorting  of  particles  that  can  be  used  to  enrich  cell 
populations of interest (such as sexing semen for the livestock industry). 

The registered office and principal place of business of the Company is located at 265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga, 

Ontario, L4Z 1P3.     

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The Company’s management prepared these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).  The Board of Directors 
approved these consolidated financial statements on December 19, 2019.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation 
of certain financial assets and financial liabilities to fair value. The consolidated financial statements are presented in 
Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s functional currency.

Basis of consolidation
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Crucible 
Biotechnologies Limited, over which the Company has control. Control exists when the entity is exposed, or has rights, to 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the 
entity. The non-controlling interest component, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries is included in equity.

The  financial  statements  of  the  Company’s  subsidiary  is  prepared  for  the  same  reporting  period  as  the  Company, 
using consistent accounting policies. All intra-company balances, transactions, unrealized gains and losses resulting from 
intra-company transactions and dividends are eliminated in full. There has been no business activity in the subsidiary 
during the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been 
eliminated upon consolidation. 

Use of estimates and judgments 
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported 
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial 
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ 
from estimates and such differences could be material.

 21

Canadian Funds   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)   

Use of estimates and judgements (Continued)

Key areas of managerial judgements and estimates are as follows:  

i)   Property, plant and equipment:   
  Measurement of property, plant and equipment involves the use of estimates for determining the expected useful 
lives of depreciable assets.  Management’s judgement is also required to determine depreciation methods and an 
asset’s residual value and whether an asset is a qualifying asset for the purposes of capitalizing borrowing costs.

ii)  Internally generated intangible assets:
  Management  monitors  the  progress  of  each  internal  research  and  development  project.  Significant  judgement 
is required to distinguish between the research and development phases. Development costs are recognized as 
an asset when the following criteria are met: (i) technical feasibility; (ii) management’s intention to complete the 
project; (iii) the ability to use or sell; (iv) the ability to generate future economic benefits; (v) availability of technical 
and financial resources; (vi) ability to measure the expenditures reliably. Research costs are expensed as incurred. 
Management also monitors whether the recognition requirements for development assets continue to be met and 
whether there are any indicators that capitalized costs may be impaired.  The amortization period and amortization 
method for intangible assets are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.

iii) Financial assets and liabilities:
  Estimates and judgements are also made in the determination of fair value of financial assets and liabilities 
and  include  assumptions  and  estimates  regarding  future  interest  rates,  the  relative  creditworthiness  of  the 
Company to its counterparties, the credit risk of the Company’s counterparties relative to the Company, the 
estimated future cash flows and discount rates.

iv) Income taxes:
  The  Company  recognizes  deferred  tax  assets,  related  tax-loss  carry-forwards  and  other  deductible  temporary 
differences where it is probable that sufficient future taxable income can be generated in order to fully utilize such 
losses and deductions. This requires significant estimates and assumptions regarding future earnings, and the 
ability to implement certain tax planning opportunities in order to assess the likelihood of utilizing such losses 
and deductions.

v)  Fair value of share-based compensation:
  The Company measures the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees by reference to the fair value of 
the equity instruments at the date on which they are granted. Estimating fair value for share-based compensation 
transactions requires determining the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and 
conditions  of  the  grant.  This  estimate  also  requires  determining  the  most  appropriate  inputs  to  the  valuation 
model including the expected life of the share option, volatility, dividend yield and forfeiture rates and making 
assumptions about them. 

vi) Impairments:

Long-lived  assets  are  reviewed  for  impairment  upon  the  occurrence  of  events  or  changes  in  circumstances 
indicating that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. For the purpose of measuring recoverable 
amounts, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-
generating units). The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. 
An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. Management evaluates impairment losses for potential reversals when events or circumstances warrant 
such consideration.

 22

Canadian Funds   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition
Revenues from product sales are recognized when control of the promised good is transferred to the Company’s 
customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for 
those goods.    

Revenues from licensing of the Company’s intangible assets are recognized when the service is rendered and control 
of the service is transferred to the Company’s customers.  Royalty income is recognized based on activity at the point in 
time each service instance is provided.

The Company may invoice certain customers in advance for contracted product sales. Amounts received in advance 
of control of the product transferring to the customer are deferred and recognized as revenue in the period control is 
transferred.  

Cash 
Cash  consists  of  cash  on  hand  and  deposits  with  banks  and  investments  in  highly  liquid  instruments  with  original 
maturities of three months or less. There are no cash equivalents held at September 30, 2019 or 2018.

Financial assets and liabilities
Effective September 1, 2018, the Company adopted IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) (See Note 4, Changes
in Accounting Policies). The following are policies on financial instruments under IFRS 9. 

There are three measurement categories in which the Company classifies its financial assets:

•  Amortized cost:  Financial instruments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows, where those cash flows 
represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at amortized cost.  Interest income (expense) 
from these financial instruments is recorded in net income (loss) using the effective interest rate method. 

•  Fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (FVOCI):    Debt  instruments  that  are  held  for  collection  of 
contractual  cash  flows  and  for  selling  the  financial  instruments,  where  the  financial  instruments’  cash  flows 
represent  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest,  are  measured  at  FVOCI.    Movements  in  the  carrying 
amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest income and 
foreign exchange gains and losses that are recognized in net income (loss).  When the financial instrument is 
derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to net income 
(loss)  and  recognized  in  other  gains  (losses).  Interest  income  (expense)  from  these  financial  instruments  is 
included  in  interest  using  the  effective  interest  rate  method.    Foreign  exchange  gains  (losses)  is  presented  in 
other gains (losses) and impairment expenses in other expenses.

•  Fair value through profit (loss) (FVTPL):  Financial instruments that do not meet the criteria for amortized cost or 
FVOCI are measured at FVTPL.  A gain or loss on a financial instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL 
and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognized in net income  (loss) and presented net in comprehensive 
income (loss) within other gains (losses) in the period in which it arise.

Financial liabilities are either classified as amortized cost or FVTPL when the Company revises its estimates of 
payments of a financial liability to reflect actual and revised estimated contractual cash flows. Gross carrying 
amount of the amortized cost of the financial liability as the present value of the estimated future contractual 
cash flows that are discounted adjustment is recognized in income

 23

Canadian Funds   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Financial assets and liabilities (Continued)

The following summarizes the Company’s classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities as at 
September 30:

Measurement 

2019 

2018

Financial assets: 

Cash  
Accounts receivable 

Financial liabilities: 

Accounts payable and 
  accrued liabilities 
  Bank Indebtedness 
  Deferred revenue 

Finance lease obligation 
  Non-convertible debentures 
Convertible debentures 
Long-term-debt 
Total Financial liabilities 

Fair value through profit or loss  $ 
Amortized cost  

   95,571  
 1,709,470  

 $ 

44,358     
 1,313,480    

Amortized cost  
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost 
Amortized cost  

 $     1,462,616  
 1,400,000  
 640,463  
 249,527  
  1,199,619  
  1,678,814  
  2,461,126  
$      9,092,165  

 $ 

1,766,592  

260,000      
931,125   
 330,153 
 1,184,014   
 1,585,435  
 2,899,246     
8,956,565     

 $ 

Inventories
Inventory is carried at the lower of cost and market. Cost consists of direct materials, direct labour and an overhead 
allocation and is determined on a first-in, first-out basis.  Market is defined as net realizable value, which is defined as the 
summation of the estimated selling price less the cost to complete less the cost to sell.  Management reviews its reserve 
for obsolete inventory at each reporting date for finished goods and work-in-process.

Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment (if any). Cost 
includes the cost of material, labour and other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition 
for its intended use. 

Depreciation is calculated at rates which will reduce the original cost to estimated residual value over the estimated 

useful life of each asset. Depreciation commences once the asset is available for use.

 Depreciation is provided for at the following basis and rates:

 Research and development equipment  
 Other equipment and fixtures  
 Buildings  

Declining balance, 10-100%
 Declining balance, 10-30%
 Straight line, 50 years

Land is not depreciated.  Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting 

date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

 24

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Finance lease obligation
Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership of the asset to the Company are accounted 
for as finance leases.  At the time a finance lease is entered into, an asset is recorded together with its related long-term 
obligation, reflecting the fair value of future lease payments, discounted at the appropriate interest rates.  Finance 
lease  obligations  are  amortized  over  their  estimated  useful  lives  at  the  same  rates  used  for  other  equipment  and 
fixtures. All other leases are classified as operating leases and expensed on a straight-line basis.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets include technology costs, patents, trademarks and licenses. Each is recorded at cost and amortized on a 
straight-line basis over the term of the agreements or useful life of the asset.  Amortization commences when the intangible 
asset  is  available  for  use.    Intangibles  with  definite  lives  but  not  yet  available  for  use  are  assessed  at  least  annually  for 
impairment or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment.

Impairment of long-lived assets
An impairment charge is recognized for long-lived assets, including intangible assets with definite lives, when an event 
or change in circumstances indicates that the assets’ carrying value may not be recoverable. The impairment loss is 
calculated  as  the  difference  between  the  carrying  value  of  the  asset  and  the  recoverable  amount.  The  recoverable 
amount is the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use. 

Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.  
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes 
a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset.  All 
other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred. 

Share-based compensation
The Company applies the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation for awards granted to officers, 
directors and employees of the Company.  The fair value of the award at the time of granting is determined using the Black-
Scholes option pricing model, and recognized as a compensation expense over the vesting period with an offsetting amount 
recorded to contributed surplus.  Each tranche in an award is considered a separate award with its own vesting period and 
grant date fair value. 

Share options issued to consultants of the Company are based on the fair value of the services provided. The amount 
of the compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the value of the portion of the options vested at that date.  
When stock options are exercised, the consideration paid by employees or directors, together with the related amount in 
contributed surplus, is credited to share capital.  When an employee leaves the Company, vested options must be exercised 
within 90 days, or the options expire.  Any options that are unvested are reversed in the period that the employee leaves. 
No forfeiture rate is incorporated into the Company’s assumptions on awarding options. To the extent actual forfeitures 
occur, share-based compensation related to these awards will be different from the Company’s estimate and are revised.

 25

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Foreign currency translation
For each entity, the Company determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each 
entity are measured using the functional currency, which represents the currency of the primary economic environment 
in which each entity operates.

Foreign currency denominated revenues and expenses are translated by use of the exchange rate in effect at the end of 
the month in which the transaction occurs. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at 
the period-end date. Exchange gains and losses arising on these transactions are included in the consolidated statements 
of loss and comprehensive loss for the period.

Income (loss) per common share
The Company calculates basic income per share amounts for profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders. Basic 
income (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. 
Diluted income per share is calculated in the same manner as basic income per share except for adjusting the profit or 
loss attributable to ordinary equity holders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the effects of all 
dilutive potential ordinary shares.

Deferred taxes
Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  for  the  estimated  income  tax  consequences  attributable  to 
differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. 
Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available 
against which temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax 
rates  expected  to  be  in  effect  when  the  temporary  differences  are  expected  to  be  recovered  or  settled.  The  effects  of 
changes in income tax rates are reflected in deferred income tax assets and liabilities in the year that the rate changes are 
substantively enacted, with a corresponding charge to income.  The amount of deferred tax assets recognized is limited to 
the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Research and development expenses
Costs associated with research and development activities are expensed during the year in which they are incurred net of 
tax credits earned, except where product development costs meet the criteria under IFRS for deferral and amortization. 

Investment tax credits
The Company is entitled to Canadian federal and provincial investment tax credits which are earned as a percentage of 
eligible research and development expenditures incurred in each taxation year. Investment tax credits are accounted for 
as a reduction of the related expenditure for items of a current nature and a reduction of the related asset cost for items of 
a long-term nature. These credits are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable 
profits against which to utilize the benefits of the credits in the foreseeable future.

 26

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

4. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Certain new standards, interpretations, amendments and improvements to existing standards were issued by the IASB 
or IFRS Interpretation Committee (“IFRIC”) that are mandatory at certain dates or later.  Management is still assessing 
the effects of the pronouncements on the Company.  The standards impacted that may be applicable to the Company 
are described below.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 

The Company has adopted new amendments to the following accounting standards effective for its interim and annual 
consolidated financial statements commencing October 1, 2018. The effect of these pronouncements on the Company’s 
results and operations are described below. 

IFRS 2, Share-based Payment (“IFRS 2”)
In June 2016, the IASB issued final amendments to IFRS 2, clarifying how to account for certain types of share-based payment 
transactions. The amendments, which were developed through the IFRIC, provide requirements on the accounting for: (i) 
the effect of vesting and non-vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments; (ii) share-
based payment transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations; and (iii) a modification to the 
terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classifications of the transaction from cash-settled to 
equity-settled. The effective date for this standard is for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier 
application permitted.

The Company has completed the review process to assess the impact and application of the aforementioned amendments 

and has determined it will have no impact on the Company.

IFRS 9 - Financial instruments (“IFRS 9”)
The Company has adopted IFRS 9, effective October 1, 2018 on a modified retrospective basis, in accordance with the 
transitional provisions of IFRS 9.  As such, comparative figures have not been restated. IFRS 9 provides a revised model 
for recognition, measurement and impairment of financial instruments and includes a new model for hedge accounting 
aligning  the  accounting  treatment  with  risk  management  activities.    The  Company  has  changed  its  accompanying 
policy for financial instruments retrospectively.

Financial assets
IFRS 9 includes a revised model for classifying financial assets, which results in classification according to a financial 
instrument’s  contractual  cash  flow  characteristics  and  the  business  models  under  which  they  are  held.  At  initial 
recognition, financial assets are measured at fair value. Under the IFRS 9 model for classification of financial assets, the 
Company has classified and measured its financial assets as described below:

Cash and cash equivalents measured at fair value through profit or loss under International Accounting Standard 

39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”) continue to be measured as such under IFRS 9.

Accounts receivable classified as financial assets continue to be measured at amortized cost under IFRS 9.
The adoption of IFRS 9 did not result in a change in the carrying values of any of the Company’s financial assets on 

the transition date.

 27

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

4. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (Continued)

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 (Continued)

IFRS 9 - Financial instruments (“IFRS 9”) (Continued)

Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value, and in the case of financial liabilities, not subsequently measured 
at fair value, net of directly attributable transaction costs. Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation 
specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled, or expired. For financial liabilities, IFRS 9 retains most of the IAS 39 
requirements and, since the Company does not have any financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or 
loss, the adoption of IFRS 9 did not impact the Company’s accounting policies for financial liabilities. Accounts payable 
and  accrued  liabilities,  interest  payable,  and  long-term  debt  are  classified  as  financial  liabilities  to  be  subsequently 
measured at amortized cost.

The adoption of IFRS 9 did not result in a change in the carrying values of any of the Company’s financial liabilities 

on the transition date.

Expected credit loss impairment model
IFRS 9 requires a forward-looking expected credit loss impairment (“ECL”) model as opposed to an incurred credit loss 
model under IAS 39.  As the Company’s financial assets are substantially made up of trade receivables, the Company has 
opted to use the simplified approach for measuring the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime ECL.  The simplified 
approach does not require the tracking of changes in credit risk, but instead requires the recognition of lifetime ECLs 
at all times.  Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that would result from all possible default events over the expected life 
of a financial instrument.  The adoption of the ECL model did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial 
statements, and did not result in a transitional adjustment.

Financial instruments
The  Company’s  financial  assets  and  liabilities  (financial  instruments)  include  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  accounts 
receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt financial instruments. All financial instruments 
are recorded at fair value at recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial instruments classified as accounts 
receivables,  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities,  and  long-term  debt  are  measured  at  amortized  cost  using  the 
effective interest method. Other financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value subsequent to initial recognition.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“IFRS 15”)
Effective  October  1,  2018,  the  Company  adopted  IFRS  15.  IFRS  15  supersedes  International  Accounting  Standard  18, 
Revenue (“IAS 18”). IFRS 15 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising 
from contracts with customers. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to 
which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The principles in IFRS 
15 provide a more structured approach to measuring and recognizing revenue.

The Company has elected to use the modified retrospective method, which requires the cumulative effect of initially 
applying the Standard to be recognized at the date of initial application, which is October 1, 2018, and that the financial 
information previously presented for the year ended September 30, 2018 would remain unchanged. The transition to the 
new standard had no material impact on the measurement and recognition of revenue in the current or prior periods. 

The Company has elected to make use of the following practical expedients: 
(i)   Completed contracts under IAS 18 before the date of transition have not been reassessed. 
(ii)   Financing components are not considered in the Company’s transaction price as the time gap between payment 

and delivery of goods and services is expected to be less than one year. 

(iii)  Contract  costs  incurred  related  to  contracts  with  an  amortization  period  of  less  than  one  year  have  been 

expensed as incurred.

 28

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

4. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (Continued)

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED IN FISCAL 2019 (Continued)

IFRIC 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration
In 2016, the IASB issued IFRIC Interpretation 22, Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration (“IFRIC 22”) 
which  provides  requirements  about  which  exchange  rate  to  use  in  reporting  foreign  currency  transactions  (such  as 
revenue transactions) when payment is made or received in advance. IFRIC 22 is effective for annual periods beginning 
on or after January 1, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. On initial application, entities have the option to apply 
either retrospectively or prospectively. 

The  Company  has  elected  to  adopt  IFRIC  22  prospectively  beginning  on  October  1,  2018.  The  adoption  of  the 
standard has had no significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended period 
September 30, 2019. 

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED BUT NOT YET APPLIED 

IFRS 16, Leases (“IFRS 16”)
On January 13, 2016, the IASB issued IFRS 16, which outlines requirements for lessees to recognize assets and liabilities 
for most leases. Lessees are required to recognize the lease liability for the obligations to make lease payments and a 
right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liability is measured at the present 
value of lease payments to be made over the term of the lease. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at the amount 
of the lease liability and adjusted for prepayments, direct costs and incentives received.

The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The Company is currently 

assessing the impact of the new interpretation on its consolidated financial statements.

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories as at September 30 consist of the following:

Raw material 
Work in process 
Finished goods 

 $ 

2019 
496,021  
 1,387,824  
   2,596,347  
  $  4,480,192  

 $ 

2018
488,060 
 1,679,926  
 2,278,982   
 $  4,446,968    

During  the  year  ended  September  30,  2019,  inventories  in  the  amount  of  $6,796,735  (2018  -  $7,076,797)  were 
recognized as an expense through cost of sales. The allowance for inventory impairment as at September 30, 2019 
was $55,747 (2018 - $55,747).

 29

Canadian Funds    
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

The freehold land and buildings have been pledged as security for bank loans under a mortgage (see Note 9). Property, 
plant and equipment consists of:

Building 

Research and 
Development  
Equipment 

Other 
Equipment  
 and Fixtures 

Land 

Total

COST 

Balance, as at September 30, 2017    $  4,565,379  
        Additions  
 357,654  
                -        
        Impairment 

 $   6,939,732  
 147,637  
(6,586,660 

$   4,605,040   
 744,435   
-         

 $   800,000  
 -         
            -        

 $   16,910,151   
 1,249,726   
(6,586,660) 

Balance, as at September 30, 2018         4,923,033  
        Additions  
 64,074  
                -        
        Disposals 

 500,709  
 16,422  
-         

 5,349,475   
 352,737   
-         

 800,000  
 -         
            -        

 11,573,217   
 433,233   
 -         

Balance, as at September 30, 2019     4,987,107 

 517,131 

 5,702,212 

 800,000 

 12,006,450 

ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION 

Balance, as at September 30, 2017     1,247,532 
                                    -        
        Impairment 
                         159,266 
        Depreciation 

Balance, as at September 30, 2018     1,406,798 
                                    -        
        Disposals 
                         167,060 
        Depreciation 

 582,968 
 (180,276) 
 20,662  

 423,354 
-          
 10,635  

 2,867,881  
      -          
 228,453  

 3,096,334  
      -          
 251,888  

 -        
            -        
 -        

 -         
            -        
 -        

 4,698,381 
  (180,276)  
 408,381  

  4,926,487  
-         
 429,583  

Balance, as at September 30, 2019     1,573,858 

 433,989 

 3,348,222  

 -        

 5,356,070 

NET BOOK VALUE 
 3,516,235 
    Balance, as at September 30, 2018 
    Balance, as at September 30, 2019 $ 3,413,249 

 77,355 
 $       83,142 

 2,253,141  
 $ 2,353,990 

 800,000 
 $  800,000 

 6,646,730 
 $    6,650,380 

In fiscal 2018, the Company determined that the Lumisort related research and development equipment was impaired.  
See note 7 for discussion.

 30

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS   

Intangible assets are depreciated on a straight line basis at the following rates:

Technology investments: 
   LumiSort™ (Note 7a) 
   Kinlytic® (Note 7b) 
   Bioreactor (Note 7c) 

Intangible assets consist of:

COST 

5%
0%
7%

Capitalized 
Development Costs 

Patents and Trademarks 

Licenses

LumiSort™  
(a) 

Bioreactor 
(c) 

Kinlytic® 
(b) 

LumiSort™  
(a) 

QAPs 
(d) 

LumiSort™  
(a)

Total

    Balance, as at September 30, 2017 
      Additions 
      Impairment 

    $30,532   $2,088,575  
-          
 -          

  -        
 (30,532) 

 $3,078,586   $2,115,236   
  286,384   
 (2,401,620) 

-         
-         

$        -         
 81,567  
 -        

$278,528   
-         
 (278,528) 

 $7,591,457  
 367,951  
 (2,710,680)

Balance, as at September 30, 2018 
      Additions 

-        
 -        

 2,088,575  
-          

 3,078,586  
 -        

-          
-          

-        
 81,567  

-         
-         

 5,167,161  
 81,567  

Balance, as it September 30, 2019        

-         2,088,575  

 3,078,586  

 -          

  81,567  

-         

 5,248,728 

ACCUMULATED AMORTIZATION 

    Balance, as at September 30, 2017      
      Amortization expense  
      Impairment 

 6,748  
 951  
 (7,699) 

 11,603  
 139,239  
-         

    Balance, as at September 30, 2018 
      Amortization expense  

-        
-        

 150,842  
 139,238  

 -        
  -        
-        

 -        
 -        

 831,998   
 120,079   
 (952,077) 

-          
-          

 -        
-        
-        

-        
-        

 257,102   
 21,426   
 (278,528) 

 1,107,451  
 281,695  
 (1,238,304)

-         
-         

 150,842  
 139,238  

Balance, as at September 30, 2019 

 -        

 290,080  

  -        

 -          

 -        

-         

290,080 

NET BOOK VALUE

    Balance, as at September 30, 2018 
    Balance, as at September 30, 2019   $         

 1,937,733  

3,078,586  
-         
-            1,798,495   3,078,586  

-          
 -          

-        
 81,567  

-         
 -        

 5,016,319  
 4,958,648 

At each reporting date, the Company is required to assess its long-lived assets for potential indicators of impairment. 
If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset or CGU and compares it 
to the carrying value.  In addition, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the Company is 
required to test long-lived assets with definite lives which are not yet available for use at least annually.

a) LumiSort™
The Company acquired a license agreement from Sequent Biotechnologies Inc. (“Sequent”), a biotechnology company 
solely involved in the development and commercialization of the LumiSort™ technology under license. Subsequent 
to the acquisition and in prior years, the Company incurred new intellectual property with the issue of patents has 
resulted from this research program, as well as the cost incurred for the research and development equipment that is 
not yet available for use. 

In fiscal 2018, the Company assessed that it could not fund the development of LumiSort™ assets in a timely 
manner  and  that  licensing  terms  may  not  adequately  support  its  continued  value.  The  decision  was  therefore 
made to write down all of the LumiSort™ related assets, including the original investment, capitalized research and 
development equipment, prototype costs and patent related costs.

 31

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
 
  
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS  (Continued)

b) Kinlytic®
The Company acquired the assets and rights pertaining to development, production, and licensing of Kinlytic® from 
ImaRX Therapeutics, Inc. in 2008.  The asset is not yet available for use, accordingly no amortization has been recorded.
The recoverable amount of the Kinlytic® intangible has been determined based on its fair value less cost to sell.  The 
recoverable amount considered assumptions based on probabilities of technical, regulatory and clinical acceptances 
and  financial  support.  Further,  Management  uses  risk-adjusted  cash  flow  projections  based  on  financial  budgets. 
Management believes that any reasonably possible change in the key assumptions on which the recoverable amount is 
based would not cause the carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount. The discount rate has been determined 
based on the Company’s best estimate of a risk adjusted discount rate.

c) Bioreactor
The  Company  has  internally  developed  an  improved  bioreactor  production  process  (“Bioreactor”)  to  increase  the 
efficiency and output of manufacturing certain Antigen products.  

d) Quality Assessment Products (“QAPs”)
To  enhance  its  QAPs  business  of  providing  sample  mimics  for  use  in  quality  checks  across  various  laboratory  test 
applications,  Microbix  has  been  developing  intellectual  property.  Accordingly,  it  has  capitalized  various  patent 
application costs.  When the resulting patent issues in key markets, those costs will begin to be amortized in accordance 
with IFRS standards.  

 32

Canadian Funds  NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

8. DEBENTURES   

The Company has convertible and non-convertible debentures issued and outstanding as at September 30, 2019. The 
carrying values of the debt component of these debentures are as follows: 

 Non-convertible  
 debentures 

 (a) 

(b) 

 Total non-convertible 
 debentures  

Convertible debentures 
(d) 

(c) 

(e)

Total convertible
debentures

Date of issue 
Face value 

Jan, 2014 
 $ 2,000,000   

Apr, 2017 
500,000     

$ 

 $  2,500,000   

Oct, 2016 
$  1,500,000   

Oct, 2016 

 $ 

500,000    $ 

Oct, 2016 
2,500,000   

 $  4,500,000   

Liability component at 
   the date of issue 

   928,373  

 268,955  

-        

461,550   

 223,050  

 780,750  

Balance, September 30, 2017 
   Accretion 
   Repayments 
Balance, September 30, 2018 
   Accretion 
   Repayments 
Balance, September 30, 2019 

     894,955  
    75,312  
 (91,127) 
    879,140  
   79,323  
 (99,609) 
         858,854  

 275,162  
 29,712  
 -        
 304,875  
 35,890  
 -        
 340,765  

   1,170,117  
105,024  
(91,127) 
   1,184,014  
 115,213  
(99,609) 
 1,199,618  

470,692  
 12,637  
-        
483,330   
 17,045   
-        
 500,375  

 247,265  
 33,210  
 -        
 280,475  
 44,434  
 -        
 324,909  

 797,931  
 23,700  
 -       
 821,630  
 31,900  
 -       
 853,530  

   1,515,888  
69,547  
-      
   1,585,435  
93,379  
-      
 1,678,814  

   Less: current portion 
   Non-current portion 
Balance, September 30, 2019 
Equity component at 
   September 30, 2019 and 2018 

Conversion price  
   per common share  

   108,504  
 763,692  
 858,854   

   $ 

 340,765  
 -        
  340,765    

449,269  
  750,350  
 $   1,199,619  

 $ 

 -         
 500,375   
 500,375 

 324,909  
 -        
 324,909 

 $ 

 $ 

 -        
   853,530  
 853,530 

 324,909 
   1,353,905 
 $   1,678,814

 $ 

 -       

- 

- 

-      

   574,435   

631,222   

1,698,132  

   2,903,789  

 $ 

- 

 $ 

-  

$  0.23  

 $ 

0.23  

$ 

0.23 

Effective interest rate charged 
Payment frequency 
Maturity of financial instrument 
Stated interest rate 
Terms of repayment 

Blended quarterly repayment 

25.69% 
Quarterly 
Jan, 2029 
9% 
Principal 
and interest 
61,071  
$ 

30.20% 
Quarterly 
Apr, 2022 
12% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

31.07% 
Quarterly 
Jan, 2029 
9% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

30.20% 
Quarterly 
Feb, 2022 
9% 
Interest 
only 
N/A 

30.85%
Quarterly
Sep, 2028
9%
Interest
only
N/A 

The debentures denoted as (a), (c), and (e) above are secured against the real property and the personal property 
of the Company including, without limiting the foregoing, a registered second mortgage on the property at 265 Watline 
Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, in favour of the holder, its successors and assigns subordinate only to indebtedness to a 
Canadian chartered bank or similar financial institution on normal commercial terms up to their maximum principal. 
The debentures denoted as (b) and (d) are secured by a subordinated security agreement covering all of the Company’s 
property and assets.

Convertible  debentures  contain  two  components:  liability  and  equity  elements.  The  equity  element  is  presented 
in equity under the heading of “equity component of debentures”. Convertible debentures are initially accounted for 
in  accordance  with  their  substance  and  are  presented  in  the  consolidated  financial  statements  in  their  component 
parts measured at the time of issue. The debt components were valued first with the residual to shareholders’ equity. 
The convertible debentures are convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into fully paid and non-assessable 
common shares of the Company at the conversion price then in effect.

All of the debentures were issued to shareholders of the Company. A holder of a debenture has an economic interest 
in  future  earnings  of  the  Lumisort  asset  and  will  receive  a  distribution  equal  to  10%  of  any  future  earnings  that  are 
derived from the Lumisort asset. Over the term of the convertible debentures, the debt components will be accreted 
to the face value of the debentures by the recording of additional interest expense using the effective interest rate, as 
detailed above. 

 33

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

9. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT

a)  The Company has term loans with the Business Development Bank (“BDC”) for a variety of purposes.  The following 

summarizes these loans as at September 30, 2019:

Term Loans with the Business 
Development Bank (“BDC”) 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

(f) 

Total 

Effective date of loan 
Initial Loan Amount 

Jun, 2008 
 $   3,000,000 

Oct, 2014 
 615,000   

$ 

Oct, 2015 
$  50,000  

Oct, 2015 
$  200,000  

Nov, 2015 
$  250,000  

Jul, 2018
 323,906 

$ 

$  4,438,906  

Balance, September 30, 2017 
       Proceeds from loan 
       Loan repayments during the period 
Balance, September 30, 2018 
       Proceeds from loan 
       Loan repayments during the period 
Balance, September 30, 2019 

     2,268,700   
 -         
 (111,120) 
     2,157,580  
 -         
 (111,120) 

     $  2,046,460     

 348,500   
-         
   (123,000) 
   225,500  
-         
   (123,000) 
  $  102,500  

 28,080  
-         
(12,480) 
15,600  
-         
(12,480) 
 $  3,120  

 129,870  
-         
(39,960) 
89,910  
-         
(39,960) 
   $  49,950  

 162,240   
-         
(49,920) 
   112,320  
-         
(49,920) 
   $  62,400  

-         
 323,906  
 (25,570) 
   298,336  
-         
   (101,640) 
   $  196,696  

   2,937,390    
   323,906
  (362,050)
  2,899,246   

-       
  (438,120)
 $ 2,461,126        

Current Portion 
Non-current portion 

  111,120  
    1,935,340  

102,500  
 -         

3,120   
 -         

39,960  
9,990  

49,920  
12,480  

   101,640  
   95,056  

$  408,260   
  2,052,866   

Payment frequency 
Maturity of loan 
Terms of repayment 

  Monthly 
  Feb, 2038 
  Principal 
  and interest  and interest  and interest  and interest 

Monthly 
Dec, 2019 
Principal 

Monthly 
Dec, 2020 
Principal 

Monthly 
Jul, 2020 
Principal 

Monthly 
Dec, 2020 
Principal 
and interest 

Monthly 
Sep, 2021 
Principal
and interest 

Notes: 

(a)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing facility and building improvements. 
(b)  Loan for the purchase of equipment for our bioreactor project 
(c)  Loan for the purchase of building improvements. 
(d)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing equipment   
(e)  Working Capital loan 
(f)  Loan for the purchase of manufacturing equipment 

All BDC loans have a floating interest rate based on BDC’s floating base rate plus 0.5% - 1.8%. At September 30, 

2019, the rate was 6.55% (2018 – 5.80%).  The loans are secured with the building and equipment.

  As at September 30, 2019, the commitments for the next five fiscal years and thereafter for the BDC loans is as follows:

2020   
2021  
2022  
2023  
2024  
2025 and thereafter  

$ 

Amount 
    408,260      
 228,645  
111,120  
111,120 
111,120 
$  1,490,861 

On April 28, 2017, the Company received approval from its Chartered Bank to increase the borrowing limit on its 

credit facility to $1.5 million. The expanded credit facility was made available on May 4, 2017.

On September 18, 2019, the Company received approval from its Chartered Bank to increase the borrowing limit on 

its line of credit to $2.0 million.  This line of credit bears interest at prime plus 2% (5.95% on September 30, 2019). 

As at September 30, 2019 the Company had drawn on $1,400,000 of the facility (2018 - $260,000).  The Company’s 

usage of this facility varies across its manufacturing, sales and AR collection cycles.

 34

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

9. LONG-TERM DEBT, BANK INDEBTEDNESS AND OTHER DEBT (Continued)

b)  On May 3, 2017, the Company signed an agreement with Business Development Corporation for a new equipment 
credit facility in the amount of $610,000. On July 4, 2018 the Company received funds in the amount of $323,906, 
drawn on this facility.  No further funds have been drawn since that date.

10. SHARE CAPITAL

The  Company  is  authorized  to  issue  an  unlimited  number  of  common  shares  with  no  par  value  and  an  unlimited 
number of preference shares with no par value.

 On October 18, 2017 and October 26, 2017 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed a private placement 
offering of an aggregate of 11,666,633 units for total gross proceeds of $3,499,990, net proceeds of $3,137,283 after 
share issuance costs of $362,707. Each unit consisted of one common share of Microbix and one half of a common 
share  purchase  warrant.  Each  whole  warrant  entitles  the  holder  to  purchase  one  additional  common  share  at 
an exercise price of $0.36 for three years.   Fair value of the common share purchase warrants was determined to 
be $ 1,102,144.  Gross proceeds were allocated to common shares and common share purchase warrants in the 
amount of $ 2,756,085 and $ 743,905 respectively.  The financing was brokered. Cash commissions of $226,729 
were  paid  and  an  aggregate  of  755,764  Broker’s  Warrants  were  issued  in  the  private  placement  offering.    Fair 
value of the broker warrants was determined to be $120,328 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The 
volatility of the stock for the Black-Scholes options pricing model was based on 5-year historic volatility of the 
Company’s stock price on the Toronto Stock Exchange (86%), a risk free rate of interest of 1.45% based upon the 
two year Government of Canada Bond Yield at the date of the award of the Broker’s warrants and a two year term.  
Management believes that the historic stock volatility provides a fair and appropriate basis of estimate for the 
expected future volatility of the stock.  Each Broker’s Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one unit at a price 
of $0.335 for a period of two years.  All securities issued under the private placement will be subject to a holding 
period, expiring four months and one day from the date of closing. 

During 2018, the Company issued 200,000 shares at a price of $0.275 and 250,000 warrants at an exercise price 
of  $0.30  as  partial  compensation  for  a  consulting  agreement.    The  transaction  was  measured  at  the  fair  value  of 
the common shares issued and warrants awarded, as the fair value of the services provided could not be measured 
reliably.    The  number  of  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares  and  the  stated  capital  of  the  Company  as  at 
September 30, 2018 and 2019 are presented below:  

Balance, September 30, 2018 and 2019 

 96,972,705  

 $  33,912,460 

Number  
of Shares  

Stated
Capital

 35

Canadian Funds   
   
 
   
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

11. COMMON SHARE PURCHASE WARRANTS

A continuity of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 is presented 
in the following table:

Balance, September 30, 2017 
   Issued 
   Exercised 
   Expired 
Balance, September 30, 2018 
   Issued 
   Exercised 
   Expired 
Balance, September 30, 2019 

Weighted
average 
exercise
price

 $  0.48  
   0.36
   0.34
-

 $  0.40 

-
-
   0.55  
 $  0.36  

Units 

  8,331,313  
  6,839,081  
  (1,815) 
 -  

  15,168,579  

-  
 -  

 (3,449,763)  
 11,718,816  

A summary of the Company’s warrants outstanding as at September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 is presented in 
the following table:

September 30, 2019 

  September 30, 2018

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

 1,500,000  
 10,218,816  
 11,718,816  

 $ 

 $ 

0.55  
0.33  
0.36  

 1.03  
 1.37  
 1.32 

4,949,763  
10,218,816  
 15,168,579  

 $  0.55  
   0.33  
 $  0.40  

 1.24 
 2.37 
 2.00 

Range of exercise prices: 

$0.47 to $0.55 
$0.23 to $0.46 

 36

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

12. STOCK OPTION PLAN

On March 28, 2018 the shareholders of the Company approved a resolution to amend the Company’s stock option 
plan.  This amendment changed the total number of common shares available to be issued under the plan from a 
maximum of 12,000,000 common shares to a rolling maximum of 10% of issued and outstanding common shares.  
Under the plan as at September 30, 2019, the Company has a total of 7,738,000 options (2018 – 5,590,000) issued and 
pending and is eligible to issue up to a total of 9,697,270 options. 

The exercise price of each option equals no less than the market price at the date immediately preceding the date 
of the grant. In general, the Company’s stock option plan vests options in equal amounts across a period following 
their issue date.  The options granted during this year and future options grants will generally be vested in a single 
step on the third anniversary date following their issue.  Management does not expect any remaining unvested stock 
options at the year-end to be forfeited before they vest.

The activity under the Company’s stock option plan for the year ended September 30, 2019 is as follows:

Balance, September 30, 2017 
     Stock options exercised 
     Stock options forfeited 
     Stock options issued 

Balance, September 30, 2018 
     Stock options exercised 
     Stock options forfeited 
     Stock options issued 

Balance, September 30, 2019 

Exercisable, September 30, 2019 

Weighted average  
exercise  price

Units 

6,470,000  
(400,000) 
(480,000) 
- 

5,590,000  
 -  
(22,000) 
 2,170,000  

7,738,000  

 4,934,400  

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

 $ 

0.39 
0.26
0.54 
-

0.39 
 -   
0.54 
0.23

0.35 

0.38 

The  exercise  price  of  each  option  equals  the  closing  market  price  of  the  Company’s  capital  stock  on  the  day 
preceding  the  grant  date.    The  following  table  reflects  the  number  of  options,  their  weighted  average  price  and 
the weighted average remaining contract life for the options grouped by price range as of September 30, 2019 and 
September 30, 2018:

September 30, 2019 

  September 30, 2018 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number  
outstanding  

Weighted 
average 
remaining 
contractual 
life 
years 

Weighted  
average  
exercise  
price  

Number   
outstanding  

Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life
years

 2,418,000     
 5,320,000    
 7,738,000     

 $ 
 $ 
 $ 

0.54  
 0.25  
  0.35   

 1.08   
 3.72  
 2.83  

  2,440,000  
 3,150,000  
 5,590,000    

 $   0.54 
 $  0.28 
 $  0.39  

 2.08  
4.18 
 3.41 

Range of exercise prices: 
$0.54 
$0.23 to $0.28 

 37

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

12. STOCK OPTION PLAN (Continued)

The fair value of options granted during the year ended September 30, 2019 was estimated at the grant date 

using the Black-Scholes options pricing model, resulting in the following weighted-average assumptions:   

Option Grant Dates 
Share price on issue date 
Dividend yield 
Volatility 
Risk-free interest rate 
Expected option life (years) 
Weighted average fair value of each option ($ / option) 

Feb 2019 
0.23  
0% 
67% 
0.5% 
5 
0.13  

$ 

$ 

  Apr 2019
$ 

0.25 
0%
67%
0.5%
5
0.14

$ 

Stock options are assumed to be exercised at the end of the option’s life, as management believes the probability 
of an early exercise is remote. During the period, the fair value of the options vested in the year were expensed and 
credited  to  contributed  surplus.  During  the  year,  the  Company  recorded  share-based  compensation  expense  of 
$151,988 (2018 - $458,525).

13. INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic  income  (loss)  per  share  is  calculated  using  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding.  Diluted 
income  per  share  reflects  the  dilutive  effect  of  the  exercise  of  stock  options,  warrants  and  convertible  debt. 
The following table reconciles the net income and the number of shares for the basic and diluted loss per share 
computations:  

For the years ended September 30 

2019 

2018

Numerator for basic income (loss) per share: 
     Net income (loss) available to common shareholders 

$          31,918  

$    (8,621,566)  

Denominator for basic income (loss) per share: 
     Weighted average common shares outstanding 
     Effect of dilutive securities:
        Warrants   
        Stock Options 
        Convertible debentures 

  96,972,705 

  96,198,810  

 105,325  
 7,022  
-  

- 
- 
- 

Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share 

 97,085,052 

  96,198,810     

Net income (loss) per share: 
        Basic    
        Diluted 

$0.000  
$0.000  

($0.090)
($0.090) 

The following represents the warrants, stock options and convertible debentures not included in the calculation 
of diluted EPS due to their anti-dilutive impact:

Pursuant to warrants   
Under stock options 
Pursuant to convertible debentures 

2019 

11,613,491 
7,730,978 
19,565,217 
38,909,686 

2018

15,168,579
5,590,000
19,565,217
40,323,796

 38

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

14. EXPENSES BY NATURE

The  Company  has  chosen  to  present  its  consolidated  statements  of  income  (loss)  and  comprehensive  income 
(loss) based on the functions of the entity and include the following expenses by nature:

Depreciation and amortization

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   General and administrative expenses     
   Reasearch and development 
Total depreciation and amortization 

2019 

2018

 $ 

  $ 

 553,346  
 4,841  
 10,635  
  568,822  

 $ 

 $ 

526,958      
951      
162,169          
690,078 

Amortization expense included within cost of goods sold includes amortization of Bioreactor development costs 
that were capitalized in previous years and began amortization at the beginning of fiscal 2018.

Employee costs

   Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
   Share based payments 
Total employee costs   

Included in: 
   Cost of goods sold 
   Research and development 
   General and administrative expenses 
   Selling and business development 
Total employee costs   

2019 

2018

 $ 

 6,074,929  
 151,987  
 6,226,916  

 $ 

5,797,619  
180,121  
   5,977,740      

 $ 

 $ 

 3,135,253  
 960,924  
  1,656,456  
 474,283  
 6,226,916  

 $ 

3,222,526       
788,367       
   1,551,893       
414,954      
5,977,740      

 $ 

15. INCOME TAXES AND INVESTMENT TAX CREDITS 

Income taxes consist of the following, for the years ended September 30:

Provision based on combined federal and provincial 
   statutory rates of 25.00 % (2018 – 25.00%) 

Increase (decrease) resulting from: 
   Non deductible expenses 
   Stock-based compensation 
   Change in deferred tax assets not recognized 
   Adjustment in respect of income taxes of prior year and other 
Income tax expense 

2019 
$ 

2018
$

 7,980  

 (2,155,391)

869   
37,997   
 (274,083)  
239,000   
11,763  

2,076 
125,874 
2,098,271 

(70,830)        
- 

 39

Canadian Funds   
 
 
  
 
         
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
          
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

15. INCOME TAXES AND INVESTMENT TAX CREDITS (Continued)

The  Company  has  unclaimed  research  and  development  expenses  and  accumulated  losses  for  income  tax 
purposes.  Certain  amounts  have  been  recognized  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  there  will  be  sufficient 
taxable income against which to utilize the benefits of the losses and expenses in the foreseeable future. 

The accumulated non-capital losses may be used to reduce taxable income in future years and must be claimed 
no later than September 30:

2031 
2032 
2037 

$
 901,000 
 1,127,000 
 278,000           
  2,306,000     

The significant components of deferred income tax assets are summarized as follows:

Deferred income tax assets: 
    Non-capital loss carry-forwards 
    Difference in net book value compared to undepreciated capital cost  
    Deferred financing fees and other reserve 
    Unclaimed research and development expenses 
Deferred income tax liability related to debentures 
Tax assets not recognized 
Deferred tax assets recognized 

2019 

2018

576,538  
2,720,015   
78,165  
3,785,915  
(913,213)  
 (4,679,182) 
 1,568,237  

 595,897 
2,606,720 
 95,811 
 3,908,332  
(965,644) 
 (4,661,116)    
 1,580,000 

In fiscal 2018 the Company incurred $362,707 of share issuance costs recorded directly to equity and which will be deducted 
from taxable income at $72,541 over five years.  The deferred tax asset for this transaction has not been recognized.

The unrecognized balance of federal research and development investment tax credits carried forward is $2,673,988, 
reduced by a deferred tax liability of $668,497.  The credits expire between 2023 and 2039.  The unrecognized balance 
of Ontario research and development tax credits carried forward is $142,464 and these credits expire between 2033 
and 2039.

 40

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

16. CHANGES IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL

Accounts receivable 
Inventory 
Prepaid expenses and other assets 
Investment tax credits receivable 
Deferred Revenue 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

17. FINANCIAL EXPENSES

Cash interest: 
    Interest on long-term debt 
    Interest on debentures 
    Interest other 
    Interest income 
Non-cash interest: 
    Accretion on debentures 
Financial expenses 

18. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

2019 

2018

$ 

$ 

(395,990) 
 (33,224) 
70,764  
24,373  
(290,662) 
(303,976) 
(928,715) 

 $ 

 $ 

24,008 
20,138 
(16,976)
57,547 
(214,060) 
(1,075,358)   
(1,204,701) 

2019 

2018

  $  175,798  
   609,675  
    72,013  

 -    

   208,592  
 $ 1,066,078  

$ 

$ 

172,565   
483,158   
34,373   
 (172)

161,933      
851,857       

The Company’s capital management objective is to safeguard its ability to function as a going concern to maintain 
and grow its operations and to fund its development activities.  Microbix defines its capital to include the drawn 
portion of the revolving line of credit, shareholders’ equity, the Business Development Bank capital loans, and the 
debentures.  The capital at September 30, 2019 was $17,276,967 (2018 - $16,282,197).

To date, the Company has used cash provided by operating activities, common equity issues, debentures, bank 
mortgage and other financing to fund its activities. The equity is through private placements, the debentures are all 
controlled by private individuals known to the Company and the mortgage and other financing are with the Business 
Development Bank and TD Bank. If possible, the Company tries to optimize its liquidity needs by non-dilutive sources, 
including cash provided by operating activities, investment tax credits, grants and interest income. The Company 
has a revolving line of credit of $2,000,000 with its Canadian chartered bank, Note 9. 

The Company’s general policy is to not pay dividends and retain cash to keep funds available to finance the Company’s 
growth. However, the Board of Directors may, from time to time, choose to declare a dividend in assets if warranted by 
circumstances.  There was no change during the year in how the Company defines its capital or how it manages its capital.

 41

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at the fair value into one of three different levels 
depending on the observation of the inputs used in the measurement. 

For the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company has carried at fair value financial instruments in Level 
1. At September 30, 2019, the Company’s only financial instrument measured at fair value is cash, which is considered to 
be a Level 1 instrument. There were no transfers between levels during the year.

The three levels are defined as follows:

a)  Level 1: Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

b)  Level 2: Fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are not observable for the 

asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

c)  Level 3: Fair value is based on valuation techniques that require one or more significant unobservable inputs.

The following table provides the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Company’s assets and liabilities. 

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash  

30-Sep-19  

 $ 

 95,571     

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Non-convertible debentures 
    Convertible debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-19    
30-Sep-19    
30-Sep-19    

-   
 -   
-   

 -   
 -   

    $   1,199,618  
  1,678,814  

 $   3,861,126   

 -  

Date of 
valuation 

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets 
(Level 1) 

Significant 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2) 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

Assets measured at fair value: 
    Cash  

30-Sep-18   

$ 

 44,358    

      -   

          - 

Liabilities for which fair values are disclosed: 
    Non-convertible debentures 
    Convertible debentures 
    Long-term-debt and other debt 

30-Sep-18    
30-Sep-18     
30-Sep-18    

-   
 -   
-   

 -   
 -   
 3,159,246  

$ 

  $   1,184,014 
   1,585,435   

 -  

 42

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Continued)

The fair value of a financial instrument is approximated by the consideration that would be agreed to in an arm’s 
length transaction between willing parties and through appropriate valuation methods, but considerable judgement 
is required for the Company to determine the value.  The actual amount that could be realized in a current market 
exchange could be different than the estimated value. 

The fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximate their carrying 

values due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of the long-term debt is based on rates currently available for items with similar terms and maturities 
and is repriced to floating market interest rates and as such, the carrying value of the long-term debt and other debt 
approximates fair value.  The convertible and non-convertible debenture fair values are estimated based on rates for 
items with similar terms and maturity.  The fair values of financial instruments in other long-term liabilities approximate 
their carrying values as they are recorded at the net present values of their future cash flows, using an appropriate 
discount rate.

20. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The primary risks that affect the Company are set out below and the risks have not changed during the reporting 
periods.  The list does not cover all risks to the Company, nor is there an assurance that the strategy of management 
to mitigate the risks is sufficient to eliminate the risk. 

Risks arising from financial instruments and risk management

The  Company’s  activities  expose  it  to  a  variety  of  financial  risks:  market  risk  (including  foreign  exchange  risk), 
credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of 
financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance.

Risk  management  is  the  responsibility  of  the  corporate  finance  function.  Material  risks  are  monitored  and  are 

regularly discussed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Credit risk

The  Company’s  cash  is  held  in  accounts  or  short-term  interest  bearing  accounts  at  one  of  the  major  Canadian 
chartered banks.  Management perceives the credit risk to be low.  Typically the outstanding accounts receivable 
balance is relatively concentrated with a few large customers representing the majority of the value. As at September 
30, 2019, five customers accounted for 78% (2018 - five customers accounted for 66%) of the outstanding balance.  
The Company has had minimal bad debts over the past several years and accordingly management has recorded 
an allowance of $25,625 (2018 - $10,000).

Trade accounts receivable are aged as follows as at September 30:

Current   
0 - 30 days past due 
31 - 60 days past due 
61 days and over past due 

2019 

2018

 $  1,602,262  
   102,962  
  4,246  
- 
 $  1,709,470  

 $  1,171,341   
 117,975      
 18,686       
 5,478          
 $  1,313,480      

 43

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
           
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

20. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Market risk and foreign currency risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, will affect the Company’s 
income or the value of its financial instruments. The Company’s activities that result in exposure to fluctuations 
in foreign currency exchange rates consist of the sale of products and services to customers invoiced in foreign 
currencies  and  the  purchase  of  services  invoiced  in  foreign  currencies.  The  Company  does  not  use  financial 
instruments to hedge these risks.  As at September 30 the significant balances, quoted in Canadian dollars, held 
in foreign currencies are:

Canadian Dollar Equivalents 

Cash  
Accounts receivable 
Accounts payable 

U.S. dollars 

Euros

2019 

2018 

2019 

2018

  $  88,820  
   797,352   
 197,551   

 $ 

 42,557   
 652,429  
 204,696  

 $ 

 591,454   
-  

 5,223     $ 

 247  
  314,402  

- 

The Company’s revenue and expenses by foreign currency for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

Revenue 
Euros 
U.S. dollars 

Expenses
U.S. dollars 

2019 

45%   
53% 

7% 

2018 

43%
53%

6%  

Based upon 2019 results, the impact of a 5% increase in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would result 
in an increase in annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $354,100 Cdn. The impact of a 5% increase in the 
Euro against the Canadian dollar would result in an increase in annual Euro based revenue of approximately $298,700. 
Correspondingly, the impact of a 5% decrease in the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would result in a loss in 
annual U.S. dollar based revenue of approximately $354,100 Cdn. The impact of a 5% decrease in the Euro against the 
Canadian dollar would result in a loss in annual Euro-based revenue of approximately $298,700.  

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulties in meeting its financial liability obligations as they 
become due.  The Company has a planning and budgeting process in place to help determine the funds required to 
support the normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis.  The Company has financed its cash requirements 
primarily  through  issuance  of  securities,  short-term  borrowings,  long-term  debt  and  debentures.    The  Company 
controls  liquidity  risk  through  management  of  working  capital,  cash  flows  and  the  availability  and  sourcing  of 
financing.  Based on current funds available and expected cash flow from operating activities, management believes 
that the Company has sufficient funds available to meet its liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future. However, 
if  cash  from  operating  activities  is  significantly  lower  than  expected,  if  the  Company  incurs  major  unanticipated 
expenses or the Company’s borrowings are called, it may be required to seek additional capital in the form of debt 
or equity or a combination of both.  Management’s current expectations with respect to future events are based on 
currently available information and the actual outcomes may differ materially from those current expectations.

 44

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
           
   
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

20. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Interest rate risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to cash flow interest rate risk are those assets and liabilities 
with a variable interest rate.  Interest rate risk exposure is primarily on the BDC debt that has a variable rate that is 
pegged to the bank rate.  The rate can be fixed at the Company’s option, if the outlook for interest rates should move 
higher.  The only other variable debt the Company has is the $2,000,000 line of credit that bears interest at the bank’s 
prime lending rate plus 2.0%.  A 1% increase in the bank rate would cost the Company approximately $30,000 per year 
for BDC and about $20,000 on the line of credit usage if it were fully used throughout the fiscal year.

21. SEGMENTED INFORMATION

The Company operates in two ways: (i) the development, manufacturing and sales of antigens as materials for the 
medical diagnostic industry or as quality assessment products and, (ii) the development and commercialization of 
novel and proprietary products or technologies such as Lumisort and Kinlytic.  The following is an analysis of the 
Company’s revenues and profits from continuing operations for the year, segmented between antigens, Lumisort 
and Kinlytic:

Segment revenue 

2019 

2018 

Segment profit (loss)
2018
2019 

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  
Total for continuing operations 

 $  13,412,341    

 $   12,510,558    

-    
 -  

 -    
 -    

 $  13,412,341     

 $    12,510,558     

$      303,935  
    (156,901) 
   (115,116) 
 $       31,918   

 $  (407,379)
 (8,101,911)
 (112,276)
 $  (8,621,566) 

Segment revenue reported above represents revenue generated from external customers. There were no inter-segment 

sales in the current period (2018 - $Nil).

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Company’s accounting policies described 
in  Note  3.  Segment  loss  represents  the  profit  (loss)  before  tax  earned  by  each  segment  without  allocation  of  central 
administration costs, directors’ fees, and finance costs. These general costs are reflected in the Antigen Products and 
Technologies segment. This is the measure reported to the chief operating decision maker for the purposes of resource 
allocation and assessment of segment performance.  

Segmented assets and liabilities as at September 30 are as follows:

Segment revenue 

2019 

2018 

Segment liabilities
2019 

2018

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  
Total for continuing operations 

 $  14,982,751    

 $   14,651,482     

$      7,692,165   

 $  8,696,565 

-    

 -    

 3,078,585  
 $  18,061,336      

 3,078,585  
 $   17,730,067     

  - 
- 

-
 -

 $   7,692,165    

 $ 8,696,565 

All assets are allocated to reportable segments other than interests in associates and current and deferred tax assets. 
Assets used jointly by reportable segments are allocated on the basis of the revenues earned by individual reportable 
segments.  During fiscal 2018, a decision was made to write-down all of the LumisortTM related assets.  All liabilities are 
allocated to reportable segments other than borrowings and current and deferred tax liabilities. Liabilities for which 
reportable segments are jointly liable are allocated in proportion to segment assets.

 45

Canadian Funds     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

21. SEGMENTED INFORMATION (Continued)

Segmented depreciation and amortization and additions to non-current assets as at September 30 are as follows:

Depreciation and 
amortization 

2019 

2018 

Additions to
non-current assets 
2019 

2018

Antigen Products and Technologies 
Lumisort ™ 
Kinlytic®  

  $      568,822    

-  
-  

 $      548,572    
 141,506   
 -    

$     514,800     

-  
- 

 $ 1,102,089    
 434,021         
-   

 $     568,822   

 $      690,078     

$     514,800    

 $  1,536,110           

22. REVENUES AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company operates in three principal geographical areas – North America (where it is domiciled), Europe and in 
other foreign countries. The Company’s revenue from external customers is tracked based on the bill-to location.   
Information about its non-current assets by location of assets are also detailed below.  It should be noted that our 
distribution partner for Asia is based in the United States, so most sales destined to Asia are reflected in the North 
American total.

Revenue from 
external customers 

Non-current
assets

2019 

2018 

2019 

2018

North America 
Europe 
Other foreign countries 

 $   4,958,987     
   8,129,031     
 324,323  

 $    5,863,529     

 $  13,177,265    

  $ 13,243,049     

 6,493,927         
 153,102         

-    
-    

 -   
 -   

 $ 13,412,341     

 $  12,510,558     

 $  13,177,265   

   $ 13,243,049       

The following table reflects the movement in the Company’s deferred revenues:

Balance, beginning of year 

$ 

 931,125   

$ 

 1,145,185     

Cash payments or advance payments on performance obligations 
Revenue recognized during the y ear 

    2,777,273  
  (3,067,935)  

 2,523,096  
 (2,737,156)

Balance, end of year 

 $ 

 640,463   

$ 

 931,125       

2019 

2018 

 46

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As at and for the years ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

23. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Key management compensation

Key  management  personnel  are  those  persons  having  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and 
controlling  the  activities  of  the  Company.  Key  management  includes  directors  and  key  management  executive 
officers.  Compensation for the Company’s key management personnel was as follows:

Short-term wages, bonuses and benefits 
Share-based payments 
Total key management compensation 

24. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease commitments

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 and thereafter 

Payments on convertible and non-convertible debentures (Note 9)

2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 and thereafter 

Contingencies

2019 

2018 

$ 

 927,603   
 99,945   
 $   1,027,548   

$ 

$ 

 901,575      
 403,743    
 1,305,318       

Amount
    168,770   
 168,308    
 133,768   
 11,339   
-   
-  

 482,185 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Amount
 709,242   
709,242   
 1,657,992    
604,242  
604,242    
 6,527,924 
$   10,812,884 

The Company is not party to any legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business.

25. COMPARATIVE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The comparative consolidated financial statements have been reclassified from statements previously presented to 

conform to the presentation of the 2019 consolidated financial statements. 

 47

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CORPORATE INFORMATION

Corporate Counsel

Boyle & Co. LLP

Auditors 

Transfer Agent 

Ernst Young LLP
Chartered Accountants

AST Trust Company Inc. 
as the Administrative Agent for 
CIBC Mellon Trust Company
416-682-3860     1-800-387-0825

Bankers

The Toronto Dominion Bank 

Head Office

Microbix Biosystems Inc.
265 Watline Avenue, Mississauga,
Ontario  Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910
Fax: 905-361-8911
www.microbix.com

DIRECTORS

Peter M. Blecher 
Ontario, Canada
Medical Director
Centres for Pain Management

Mark A. Cochran 
Virginia, USA
Managing Director
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Vaughn C. Embro-Pantalony (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive 

William J. Gastle (2)
Ontario, Canada
Executive Chairman
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Cameron Groome (2)
Ontario, Canada
Chief Executive Officer and President
Microbix Biosystems Inc.

Martin A. Marino (1) (2)
Ontario, Canada
Pharmaceutical Executive

Joseph D. Renner (1) (2)
New Jersey, USA
Pharmaceutical Executive

(1)Member of Audit Committee.
(2)Member of the Human Resources, 
  Compensation and Governance Committee.

SENIOR MANAGEMENT

William J. Gastle
Executive Chairman

Cameron L. Groome
Chief Executive Officer and President 

James S. Currie
Chief Financial Officer

Kenneth Hughes
Chief Operating Officer

Dr. Mark Luscher
Senior Vice-President, Scientific Affairs

Phillip Casselli
Senior Vice-President, Sales & Business Development

Kevin J. Cassidy
Vice-President, Biopharmaceuticals

Christopher B. Lobb
General Counsel & Secretary

 48

Canadian Funds   
 
 
 
265 Watline Avenue, 
Mississauga, ON
Canada  L4Z 1P3
Tel: 905-361-8910   
Fax: 905-361-8911
1-800-794-6694
Web Site: www.microbix.com