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M.P. Evans Group plc

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FY2012 Annual Report · M.P. Evans Group plc
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Annual report 2012

(cid:1) BERTAM

(cid:1) SIMPANG KIRI

(cid:1) MEDAN

KERASAAN (cid:1)

(cid:1) KUALA LUMPUR

SENNAH (cid:1) (cid:1) BILAH

(cid:1) PANGKATAN

(cid:1) SINGAPORE

SUMATRA

(cid:1) PADANG

BANGKA
ISLAND

(cid:1)

(cid:1) AGRO MUKO

(cid:1)

(cid:1) BENGKULU

KALIMANTAN

NEW PROJECTS

(cid:1)

(cid:1)
SAMARINDA

MALAYSIA
PROPERTY

MAJORITY HELD 70 ha
MINORITY HELD 453 ha

(cid:1)
JAKARTA

JAVA

INDONESIA
PLANTATIONS

M AJORITY HELD 22,600 ha OIL PALM
M INORITY HELD 20,200 ha OIL PALM
AND 1,600 ha RUBBER

Location of the Group’s properties
and those of its associated companies
as at 31 December 2012

AUSTRALIA
BEEF-CATTLE FARMING

MAJORITY HELD 31,000 ha
MINORITY HELD 5,800,000 ha

(cid:1) DARWIN

AREA OF NAPCo
BREEDING AND
GROWING-OUT
PROPERTIES

(cid:1) MOUNT ISA

AREAS OF NAPCo
BACKGROUNDING
PROPERTIES

NAPCo
FEEDLOT

WOODLANDS AGGREGATION (cid:1)

BRISBANE (cid:1)

SYDNEY (cid:1)

MELBOURNE
(cid:1)

The M.P. Evans Group is
committed to producing
environmentally-
sustainable palm oil and
adopting the highest
standards of animal 
welfare

LAND ASSETS BY VALUE

31 DECEMBER 2012

10%

19%

71%

(cid:0) INDONESIA    (cid:0) AUSTRALIA    (cid:0) MALAYSIA

PORTFOLIO OF ASSETS AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2012

 22,600 planted hectares of majority-held,
established oil-palm plantations in Indonesia
plus a 40-tonne-per-hour mill in Sumatra and a
60-tonne-per-hour mill in Kalimantan

 5,600 hectares of associated smallholder co-
operative schemes 

 21,800 planted hectares of minority-held (of
which Group’s share 8,000 hectares) established
oil-palm and rubber plantations in Sumatra,
Indonesia plus two 60-tonne/-per-hour palm-oil
mills and a crumb-rubber factory

 31,000 hectares of cattle-backgrounding land in
southern Queensland, Australia

 34.4% interest in a leading Australian cattle
company, NAPCo, owning 5.8 million hectares
in Queensland and the Northern Territory

 70 hectares of plantation land in Peninsula
Malaysia, with property-development premium

 40% share of a substantial property-
development company, Bertam Properties, near
Penang Island, Malaysia with a land bank of
some 453 hectares

 Net current assets of US$42.57 million as at 
31 December 2012

CONTENTS

1

2

3

Portfolio of assets

Summary of results

Group highlights

4 Market information

6

Chairman’s statement

Review of 2012

9
        –   Results
12    –   Indonesian palm oil
18    –   Australian beef cattle
22    –   Malaysian property
24    –   Risk management

27 Environmental, corporate and

social responsibility

32 Board of directors

32 Report of the directors

37 Corporate governance

39 Report of the board to the shareholders

on directors’ remuneration

41 Independent auditors’ report to the
members of M. P. Evans Group PLC

42 Consolidated income statement

43 Consolidated statement

of comprehensive income

70 Independent auditors’ report to the
members of M. P. Evans Group PLC,
parent-Company

71 Parent-Company balance sheet

72 Notes to the parent-Company

balance sheet

75 Subsidiary and associated undertakings

76 Analysis of land areas

77 5-year summary

44 Consolidated balance sheet

78 Notice of meeting 

45 Consolidated statement
of changes in equity

80 Professional advisers and representatives

46 Consolidated cash-flow statement

47 Notes to the consolidated accounts

The map of the venue of the annual general
meeting is shown on the inside back cover

1

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
     
 
 
     
Summary of results

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

Revenue

Gross profit

Group-controlled profit before tax

Profit for the year

Equity attributable to the owners
of M. P. Evans Group PLC

Net cash inflow generated by operating activities

Basic earnings per 10p share (continuing operations)

Dividend per 10p share in respect of the year

2012

US$ million

2011

US$ million

83.21

23.04

16.70

21.55

57.76

25.92

24.35

39.70

351.08

337.98

33.90
US Cents

32.51
Pence

8.00

48.34

US Cents

66.39

Pence

8.00

Managing director’s statement

Philip A Fletcher, FCA

The Group’s Indonesian palm-oil operations
performed well and the results were similar to last
year. By contrast, the Australian cattle operations
recorded a loss, as did the Malaysian property
business. As a result, the Group’s profit for the year
was 46% lower than that for 2011.

As expected, f.f.b. crops on the new Indonesian
projects continued their sharp upward trend in
2012 and the total crop from the Group’s majority-
owned estates comfortably exceeded the 300,000
tonnes that had been foreshadowed in previous
reports to shareholders.  It is pleasing to report that,
despite a marked fall-off in the palm-oil price during
the year, the gross profit from the Indonesian palm-
oil operations was similar to that achieved in 2011.
The Indonesian associated companies, with similar 

crops to 2011, achieved lower profits than in the
previous year.

The Australian cattle operations, both on
Woodlands and in the associate, NAPCo,
experienced lower year-end cattle prices and lower
weight gains than in 2011. In Malaysia, the number
of completed land and developed-property sales by
Bertam Properties was less than in 2011.  There are,
however, a number of such disposals in the pipeline.

Planting continues on the remainder of the new
projects in Indonesia and, as announced in
November 2012, a further piece of land, Musi
Rawas, was acquired for palm-oil development in
South Sumatra.  It is too early to tell exactly how
much of this 20,000-hectare area will be able to be
developed but this is first-class land which should
produce exciting long-term results.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

2

Group highlights

A good year for the plantation business which saw the first full 
year in operation of the Group’s palm-oil mill in East Kalimantan.

The Group exceeded its targeted crop of 300,000 tonnes of f.f.b. 
in 2012 and remains on track for 500,000 tonnes in 2015.

Financial

Profit for the year US$21.56 million

(2011 US$39.70 million)

Earnings per share US Cents 32.51 

(2011 US Cents 66.39)

Dividend for the year maintained at 8.00

pence (2.25 pence interim already paid)

Indonesian palm oil

Plantation profits similar at US$25.16

million (2011 US$25.83 million)

Indonesian crops of f.f.b. 27% higher 

than in 2011 as crops increased on new

projects and established estates;

unchanged crop on associates’ estates

Palm-oil price averaged US$998 per

tonne (2011 US$1,123 per tonne)

Group’s total planted area, including its 

share of associates’ areas, increased to

30,700 hectares (2011 - 29,800 hectares)

Palm-oil price has edged higher in 2013,
currently around US$830 per tonne

Initial work has commenced on the
newly-acquired land in South Sumatra,
Musi Rawas

Australian beef cattle

NAPCo achieved higher sales whilst
maintaining its herd size

Despite strong operating cash flows,
NAPCO made a loss following weak year-
end cattle prices and a modest property
write down

Difficult season for Woodlands led to
loss but good rainfall in early 2013 has
enabled substantial rebuilding of herd

Malaysian property

Few sales of land or developed properties
completed by associate Bertam
Properties, leading to a small loss 

Bertam Estate benefiting from Bertam
Properties’ development activity

3

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Market information

Palm oil The average palm-oil price

(Rotterdam c.i.f.) was substantially lower, at 
US$998 per tonne, compared with US$1,123 in
2011. Although strong during the first quarter of
2012, prices began to fall in May, a trend which
accelerated in September when concerns about
rising stock levels led the price to fall to around
US$800 per tonne. Prices have strengthened
gradually from this level in early 2013 to their
current level of around US$830.

Palm oil is used mainly as a cooking oil
but also in margarine, shortenings (cakes,
biscuits), soap, cosmetics, lubricants and
more recently in bio-diesel.

Palm oil has the lowest cost of production
and is the most productive of all the major
vegetable oils. Over 5.5 tonnes per hectare
per annum can be produced, compared
with around 0.5 tonnes for its main rival,
soybean oil.

Palm oil is now the world’s largest vegetable
oil, with production in 2012 of 53.2 million
tonnes and 35% of the global production of
the major vegetable oils. Soybean oil is
the second largest with 41.8 million tonnes
and 27%. Palm-kernel oil accounts for
a further 6.0 million tonnes (4%).

(SOURCE: OIL WORLD)

<5

6-10

11-15

16-20

21-25

>25

<5

6-10

11-15

16-20

21-25

>25

AGE PROFILE OF THE GROUP’S OIL PALMS

DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTED HECTARAGE
BY AGE INTERVAL AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2012

SUBSIDIARIES – AVERAGE AGE 7.4 YEARS

Age in years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ASSOCIATES – AVERAGE AGE 13.7 YEARS

Age in years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

%

55

23

3

8

6

5

%

13

15

29

16

27

0

CROPS OF OIL-PALM FRESH FRUIT BUNCHES ‘000 TONNES
MAJORITY-OWNED ESTATES IN INDONESIA (cid:0) AND MALAYSIA (cid:0)

317

2

249

2

196

2

171

2

145

17

ASSOCIATED-COMPANY ESTATES

409

2

401

3

366

3

380

4

350

5

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

4

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

Beef cattle Australian beef-cattle

prices fell in 2012, notably for backgrounded
cattle destined for feedlot “finishing”. A strong
Australian Dollar offset the positive impact of
further reductions in the US herd.

Australia is one of the world’s largest beef
exporters with some 20% of global trade.

Australia is well placed geographically to
serve Asia – the world’s fastest-growing beef
consumer.

NAPCo (34.37% held) is one of Australia’s
leading beef-cattle companies with fifteen
properties covering an area of 5.8 million
hectares.

EASTERN YOUNG CATTLE
INDICATOR (EYCI) – WOODLANDS

A$ per kg carcass weight

PALM-OIL PRICE US$ PER TONNE

Rotterdam c.i.f.

MAIN PRODUCERS OF PALM OIL – 2012

4
4
4
4
4

,
,
,
,
,

3
3
3
3
3

6
6
6
6
6

0
0
0
0
0

9
9
9
9
9

9
9
9
9
9

7
7
7
7
7

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3

01,6
01,6
01,6
01,6
01,6

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

(cid:127)26,500
(cid:127)26,500
(cid:127)26,500
26,500
26,500

5  
5  
5  
5  
5

8

8
8
8

8

8 , 7
8 , 7
8 , 7
8 , 7
8 , 7

1
1
1
1
1

Thousand tonnes
(cid:0) INDONESIA 26,500 (50%)
(cid:0) MALAYSIA 18,785 (35%)
(cid:0) THAILAND 1,600 (3%)
(cid:0) NIGERIA 973 (2%)
(cid:0) COLOMBIA 940 (2%)
(cid:0) OTHER COUNTRIES

4,360 (8%)

TOTAL 53,158

MAIN USERS OF PALM OIL – 2012

1

6,7

3

2

4

4

(cid:127)1,3 3 5
(cid:127) 9
(cid:127)1,760
5
2
(cid:127)2,0

7
6
2
,
2

5
8
(cid:127)7,5

(cid:127) 6 , 1 0 7

(cid:127)7,0

9

2

5

,

8

0

1

Thousand tonnes
(cid:0) INDIA 7,585 (15%)
(cid:0) INDONESIA 7,092 (14%)
(cid:0) CHINA 6,107 (12%)
(cid:0) EU 5,801 (11%)
(cid:0) MALAYSIA 2,267 (4%)
(cid:0) PAKISTAN 2,025 (4%)
(cid:0) NIGERIA 1,760 (3%)
(cid:0) THAILAND 1,335 (3%)
(cid:0) USA 944 (2%)
(cid:0) OTHER COUNTRIES

16,732 (32%)
TOTAL 51,648

100-DAY GRAIN-FED CATTLE
– NAPCo

A$ per kg carcass weight

D
L
R
O
W

L
I
O

:

E
C
R
U
O
S

D
L
R
O
W

L
I
O

:

E
C
R
U
O
S

5

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
Chairman’s statement

The Group’s crops more than trebled in 

Kalimantan and, overall, exceeded the targeted 

volume of 300,000 tones.

OVERALL RESULTS
The profit for 2012 was US$21.55 million in a year
when excellent crop increases were unable to make
up for the falling prices of crude palm oil (“CPO”) 
and beef cattle, leading to a reduction in profit of
US$18.14 million compared with 2011. Earnings per
share fell to US cents 32.51 (2011 US cents 66.39). 
The principal reason for the lower results was a
reduction in the Group’s share of profits from its
associated companies of US$13.76 million, flowing
from both plantation and beef-cattle operations.

DIVIDEND
The board is recommending a final dividend for the
year of 5.75p per share, the same as for 2011.
Together with the interim dividend of 2.25p per share
paid in November 2012, the same as the interim
dividend paid in November 2011, the total dividend
for the year is unchanged at 8.00p. A scrip-dividend
alternative is again being offered.

OPERATIONS

Indonesia
In 2012, increased crops resulted in a gross profit
from the Group’s majority-owned Indonesian
plantations of US$25.16 million, only marginally less
than in 2011, despite an 11% fall in the price of CPO.

In what signals an important point in the Group’s
development, I am able to report that the crop of oil-
palm fresh fruit bunches (“f.f.b.”) harvested during
2012 from these plantations exceeded the targeted
volume of 300,000 tonnes by 17,000 tonnes. This is 
a significant milestone in the Group’s strategy of
expanding its output, which stood at only 145,000
tonnes in 2008. The Group remains on track to
achieve its target of 500,000 tonnes in 2015. These
increased crops will generate significantly-higher
revenues, profits and cash flow, although by how
much depends on the level of CPO prices. 

Whilst, as is to be expected, the main increase in
crops came from the Group’s new project in
Kalimantan, where crops more than trebled, it is very
encouraging that the Group was also able to record

an increase of more than 4% in the crops from its
mature North Sumatran estates through improved
supervision and careful attention to field standards
and maintenance of plantation infrastructure.

2012 was the first full year of operation of the palm-oil
mill, bulking and warehouse installation and the jetty in
Kalimantan. The mill processed the Group’s own,
burgeoning, crop and that of the smallholder co-
operative schemes attached to the project, and
successfully bought in significant quantities of good-
quality fruit from nearby commercial operations without
their own mills. Whilst this opportunity is not expected
to persist, the Group was able to take advantage of its
position as the first mill operating in the area to extract
good margins from buying additional fruit, as well as to
benefit from the increased volumes processed by
lowering its unit cost of production. Given the presence
of third-party crop in its production and, indeed, crops
from its own recently-matured areas, it is especially
pleasing that the new mill achieved a CPO extraction
rate of more than 24% during 2012.

The Group’s major plantation associate, PT Agro
Muko, saw its crops increase by 4%, although it
produced less CPO than in 2011 since extraction rates
at its two mills fell as unusually-dry conditions,
beneficial to oil extraction, experienced in 2011 were
not repeated. In these circumstances, a fall in the
CPO price also led to a fall in profits. Rubber output
and profits fell too, since significant areas of rubber
were felled for replanting, as planned, in 2012. At the
Group’s other plantation associate, PT Kerasaan
Indonesia, crops fell as the estate brought an attack by
leaf pests under control.

I am delighted to report that in October 2012 the
Group’s Pangkatan mill in North Sumatra was
accredited by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
(“RSPO”). This accreditation incorporates the crops
produced on the Group’s Pangkatan, Bilah and
Sennah Estates, and recognises the CPO produced by
the Pangkatan mill as being derived from a
sustainable source. The RSPO audit process has
already begun at the Group’s palm-oil mill in
Kalimantan and accreditation is expected towards the
end of 2013 or the first part of 2014.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

6

Australia

Despite selling significantly more cattle than in
previous years, and generating a strong operating cash
inflow, The North Australian Pastoral Company Pty
Limited (“NAPCo” – 34.37% held) recorded a loss, the
Group’s share of which amounted to US$2.01 million
(2011 US$4.23 million profit). This loss was
predominantly due to a reduced (unrealised) year-end
herd valuation, resulting from lower cattle prices and
lighter average weights per head than in 2011,
following a poor end to the season, and to a modest
reduction in the value of the company’s property
portfolio. Notwithstanding higher sales made in 2012,
herd numbers, at 197,300 head, were very similar to
those at the end of 2011, an outcome bolstered by a
good increase in the number of brandings which, at
62,500, were the highest since 2008. 

On Woodlands, promising rains early in 2012 were
not supplemented later in the year, with the
consequence that the crop of forage oats did not
become fully established and it was not possible to
plant any additional forage crops. As a result, cattle
could not be fattened as quickly as expected and
overall weight gains during the year were 19% lower
than in 2011. This, combined with a serious decline
in the prices of the lighter-weight and the grass-
finished cattle produced on Woodlands, led to a farm
loss of US$2.19 million in 2012 (2011 US$0.11
million profit).

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

In Indonesia, the Group added 1,020 hectares of
planting on its new projects during the course of
2012, with an additional 600 hectares planted for the
smallholder co-operative schemes. The rate of
planting on any project inevitably slows down as the
area still to be planted diminishes and this is now the
case in Kalimantan, where the development of the
area is in its final stage. Negotiations with local
people for land compensation become more intricate
and so take longer to conclude and, along with our
consistent policy of ensuring open and accurate 

documentation of the resulting agreement, the time
taken to release land for development has lengthened.
Our current estimate is that the areas on these two
new projects that may ultimately be planted is 15,000
hectares in Kalimantan and 10,000 hectares on
Bangka, of which 10,600 hectares and 6,000 hectares
respectively relate to the Group and the balance to
smallholder co-operative schemes.

I am pleased to report that, as announced on 
27 November 2012, the Group has acquired the rights
to develop 20,000 hectares of land at Musi Rawas, 
an area near Lubuk Linggau in South Sumatra. The
process of agreeing terms of compensation with local
people who currently occupy or farm the land has
already begun but, at this stage, it is still too early to
know with any accuracy how much of the land will be
released to the Group and what area will ultimately be
planted. The Group has given an undertaking that
30% of the total land planted will be developed as
smallholder co-operative schemes. It has become
increasingly difficult to find areas of environmentally-
suitable land of this sort. The acquisition of these rights
is expected to lead to significant increases in the
Group’s crops in the latter part of the decade.

In Australia, in order to improve the capacity and
efficiency of its grain-farming operation at Wainui,
NAPCo purchased an adjoining 450-hectare irrigated
farm at the end of 2012. The programme of investing
in additional boreholes on NAPCo’s main breeding
property, Alexandria, has continued, thereby
increasing carrying capacity but also mitigating the
impact of dry seasons on the herd size. No further
shares in NAPCo were acquired during the year. The
board will continue to review any opportunities that
arise in respect of the Group’s shareholding. 

On Woodlands, the infrastructure installation of
fencing and watering points together with pasture-
improvement work has now been largely completed.
This is expected to result in the ability to carry larger
numbers of cattle. It nonetheless remains the board’s
intention to dispose of Woodlands when market
conditions are suitable.

7

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Chairman’s statement

CONTINUED

In Malaysia, the Group’s two principal remaining
interests are the 74-hectare Bertam Estate and its 40%
share of Bertam Properties Sdn. Berhad (“Bertam
Properties”).  Whilst the board ultimately plans to sell
both of these, this is not considered an urgent priority
since it is expected that, in the short term (the next two
to three years), Bertam Properties will continue to
generate significant cash flows from land sales and from
its successful property-development activities.  As usual,
surplus cash flows will be distributed by way of
dividend. The value of Bertam Estate is likely to continue
to escalate as a result of the continuing development of
the (adjoining) Bertam Properties project.

PALM-OIL AND BEEF-CATTLE MARKETS
2012 started well with CPO prices reaching towards
historical highs and, for the first three quarters of the
year, prices remained at or above US$1,000 per
tonne. However, at this point the rising global supply
of palm oil supported by good weather in the main
producing countries, combined with lower-than-
anticipated rates of growth in demand for vegetable
oils, led to an accumulation of CPO stocks that
eventually triggered a sudden fall in the price to
around US$800 per tonne. 

Prices for lighter-weight, grass-fed and grain-finished
cattle all fell in 2012, although the prices of lighter-
weight cattle intended for sale to feedlots for grain
finishing fell most as grain prices rose, reducing the
profitability of feedlot operations. The strength of the
Australian Dollar negatively affected export demand
from both Japan and Korea, traditionally important
markets for Australian beef, but this had begun to
recover by the end of the year. A further decline in the
US cattle herd provided some support, although not
enough to prevent the market from weakening over
the year.

CURRENT TRADING AND PROSPECTS
Crops of f.f.b. have continued in 2013 on the upward
trajectory recorded in 2012 with 78,700 tonnes
having been harvested in the first quarter of the year,
an increase of 19% compared with last year.

Prices of crude palm oil (Rotterdam c.i.f.) have edged
higher from the US$810 level at which they closed at
the end of 2012 to bring them to their current level of
around US$830 per tonne. Good crops expected from
increased plantings of soybeans in South America, a
competing source of vegetable oil, may be offset by
falling palm-oil yields in Southeast Asia, with palm-oil
prices further underpinned by a continuing

historically-large discount to soybean oil. There seems
to be little prospect of an immediate return to the
levels of CPO prices seen in the early part of 2012,
with growth in demand for vegetable oils looking set
to rise at lower levels than in recent years. However,
market sentiment appears to support further gradual
strengthening in CPO prices, suggesting a mildly-
encouraging price outlook for the remainder of 2013. 

Cattle prices have stabilised following the year end as
some welcome rainfall has been received in some
areas of Australia. Woodlands has benefited
significantly from this and the scheduled planting of
forage oats into a full moisture profile is under way.
Cattle numbers on Woodlands have now returned to
more than 10,000 head, half of which are being
fattened on behalf of other commercial operators, for
a fee linked to weight gain. Some NAPCo properties
have also received rain, whilst others are
experiencing drier-than-usual conditions. In the
longer term, the prospects for the Australian beef-
cattle market appear favourable, not least as the US
cattle herd now stands at its lowest level for 60 years.

BOARD APPOINTMENT
Shareholders will note the resolution to appoint a new
independent non-executive director. Having
considered a short list of possible candidates, the
board is pleased to recommend the appointment of
Jock Green-Armytage, who brings long experience of
the plantation sector, having served on the boards of
Guthrie Corporation PLC, REA Holdings PLC and,
indeed, of this company for five years in the late
1980’s. He has also either chaired or served on the
boards of a number of companies in other sectors,
including NM Rothschild & Sons Limited, Kelt Energy
plc, William Baird PLC and Amec plc, and he is
currently chairman of JZ International and Star Capital
Partners.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It has proved to be an important year in the Group’s
development and this progress would not have been
possible without the hard work and loyalty of the
Group’s managers, staffs and workers in our
operations worldwide to whom, on behalf of the
board, I should like to express my thanks.

Peter Hadsley-Chaplin

Chairman
24 April 2013

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

8

Review of 2012

Results

GROSS PROFIT FROM
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

Strong growth in the crop of oil-palm f.f.b., which

increased by some 68,000 tonnes, and

consequently sharply-rising revenue was not

enough to prevent a slight fall in the gross profit of

the Indonesian plantation operations to 

US$25.16 million, 2.6% lower than the US$25.83

million achieved in 2011. Overall, the impact of

higher crops was offset by lower prices for both

CPO and palm kernels, and a sizeable increase in

the local cost of operating in Indonesia. Wage and

salary costs and the costs of bought-in services,

such as the contractors engaged in developing new

areas of oil palm, have grown at an accelerating

pace.

Excellent extraction rates and fast-growing yields

on the Group’s project in Kalimantan caused the

project to break even during 2012 after the

biological-asset adjustment. This is encouraging so

early in its development.

At Woodlands, the Group’s Australian cattle

operation, dry conditions led to a reduction in its

herd and hence lower total weight gains than were

recorded in 2011. Combined with a significant fall

in cattle prices, which affected the value of the

herd at the year end, this resulted in a gross loss for

the year of US$2.19 million (2011 US$0.11 million

profit).

As a result of the above, the Group’s gross profit

amounted to US$23.04 million (2011US$25.92

million). A detailed analysis of this is given in note

4 to the accounts on pages 52 to 53. The results of

the Group’s palm-oil and cattle operations are

reviewed in the reports commencing on pages 12

and 18 respectively.

BEARER BIOLOGICAL-ASSET
ADJUSTMENT
Notwithstanding the fall in the price of CPO, notably
during the last quarter of 2012, prices remain at high
levels seen in an historical context. As a result, the
20-year average price for CPO used in the valuation
of the Group’s plantation assets rose from US$572 at
the end of 2011 to US$602 at the end of 2012. The
resultant increase in biological value was, however,
held back by an increase in costs, partly arising from
the continuing improvement in field standards that
has taken place over the last three years. Since it is a
three-year basis period that is used to establish the
costs applied in the valuation of biological assets, the
pronounced negative effect of cost increases this
year should be attenuated in future years’ valuations. 

Taken together, the increase in selling prices
outweighed the increase in costs, and the value of
palms already planted at the beginning of the year
rose by US$8.62 million, to which was added 
US$3.29 million in respect of plantings carried out in
2012. In sum, therefore, US$11.91 million was
added to the value of the Group’s biological assets
during the year (2011 US$16.57 million).

OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES
A sharp increase of US$1.59 million is reported in
other administrative expenses, to US$4.29 million.
This reflects both the absence of a credit for 
US$0.96 million that occurred in 2011 in respect 
of the reduction in provisions against loans made to
smallholder co-operatives, and an impairment
provision of US$0.26 million made exceptionally in
2012 against the value of the beef-cattle operation at
Woodlands. Furthermore, the Group’s share price
was 53 pence higher at the end of 2012 than it had
been at the end of 2011, resulting in a provision of
US$0.15 million against employers’ National
Insurance contributions which would fall due on
unexercised executive share options as against a
credit on the same item of US$0.13 million in 2011,
an adverse swing of US$0.28 million.

9

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Review of 2012 Results

CONTINUED

ASSOCIATED COMPANIES
The Group’s share of its associated companies’ profits,
including the share of the Indonesian companies’
biological-bearer-asset adjustment, compared with
last year, was as follows:

                                                                                                                         2012                                                          2011

                                                                                                                POST-TAX                                               POST-TAX                   POST-TAX                                               POST-TAX)
                                                                                                      PROFIT BEFORE                                        PROFIT AFTER         PROFIT BEFORE                                        PROFIT AFTER
                                                                                                          BIOLOGICAL          BIOLOGICAL          BIOLOGICAL              BIOLOGICAL           BIOLOGICAL           BIOLOGICAL
                                                                                                         BEARER-ASSET         BEARER-ASSET         BEARER-ASSET           BEARER-ASSET         BEARER-ASSET         BEARER-ASSET
                                                                                             %         ADJUSTMENT         ADJUSTMENT         ADJUSTMENT            ADJUSTMENT          ADJUSTMENT          ADJUSTMENT
                                                                                       HELD                  US$’000                  US$’000                  US$’000                     US$’000                  US$’000                  US$’000

PT Agro Muko                                   36.84          12,015                (26)         11,989            13,912            2,357          16,269
PT Kerasaan Indonesia                      38.00            1,246                   6            1,252              1,880               472            2,352

Total Indonesia                                                    13,261                (20)         13,241            15,792            2,829          18,621

NAPCo                                             34.37           (2,012)                —           (2,012)             4,231                  —            4,231
Bertam Properties                              40.00              (347)                —              (347)             1,786                  —            1,786

Total                                                                    10,902                (20)         10,882            21,809            2,829          24,638

The results of the Indonesian, Australian and
Malaysian associated companies are described below
and reviewed in more detail on pages 12 to 23. 

INDONESIA
PT Agro Muko had a good year, although it was
unable to match the outstanding year it had in 2011.
Its results before the bearer-biological-asset
adjustment were, at US$12.02 million, 14% lower
than in 2011. This was despite continuing good
progress in crops, with f.f.b. from its own operations
increasing by 3.8%, compared with 2011, to a record

367,400 tonnes. Unusually dry weather in 2011
resulted in a high extraction rate that was not
maintained as a more normal pattern of weather
asserted itself, leading to a small fall in production of
CPO in 2012. The replanting of rubber areas, delayed
in 2011 to take advantage of the then-high rubber
prices, finally took place in 2012 and, in conjunction
with lower rubber prices, resulted in a significantly
weaker performance by PT Agro Muko’s rubber
operations. PT Kerasaan Indonesia recorded a 12.5%
reduction in its crop during 2012 as it experienced 
a severe leaf-pest attack, undermining its results for

Oil-palm nursery

NAPCo cattle

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

10

the period. As a result of the above, the Group’s
combined share of the post-tax, pre-bearer-biological-
asset-adjustment profit of these two associated
companies in 2012 was US$13.26 million, 16%
lower than in 2011’s US$15.79 million.

As with the Group’s own areas, the valuation of
biological assets in the associated plantation
companies benefited from an increase in the long-
term CPO price. Improvement in yields further
strengthened biological values although, as in the
Group’s own estates, increases in the costs of field
maintenance worked in the opposite direction.
Overall, there was little change in the value of PT
Agro Muko’s biological assets. There was a similar
outcome in respect of PT Kerasaan Indonesia’s
biological assets, with the reduction of crop arising
from the leaf-pest attack not expected to be
permanent.

The Group’s share of the post-tax, post-biological-
bearer-asset-adjustment profit of the Indonesian
associates amounted to US$13.24 million (2011
US$18.62 million), a reduction of some 29%. The
Group received gross dividends of US$9.21 million
from PT Agro Muko in 2012 (2011 US$16.58 million,
gross). Gross dividends from PT Kerasaan Indonesia
were US$1.03 million (2011 US$2.01 million).

AUSTRALIA

NAPCo followed the excellent year it enjoyed in 2011
with a loss, despite significantly increasing brandings
and the herd remaining stable at 197,300 head.
Relatively low rainfall resulted in lower weight gains,
and a reduction in cattle prices towards the end of the 

year, albeit not as pronounced as for the type of cattle
produced on the Group’s Woodlands operation,
adversely affected the result. As a result of this, the
Group’s share of NAPCo’s loss in 2012 amounted to
US$2.01 million (2011 US$4.23 million profit). The
Group’s share of NAPCo’s gross dividends amounted
to US$0.93 million (2011 US$0.96 million, gross).

MALAYSIA

Whilst the Malaysian property market remains
reasonably robust, slower completion of sales of
developed properties during the first half of 2012 than
in 2011 persisted through to the end of the year. As a
result, the Group’s share of Bertam Properties’ post-tax
loss for the year amounted to US$0.35 million,
compared with a profit of US$1.79 million in 2011. 

There were two small land sales during the year,
amounting to 2.6 hectares, which generated a profit
of US$0.91 million, and between them the small
remaining plantation operations and golf resort broke
even. Neither sales of land, nor of developed
properties, are brought to account until they are fully
completed. Bertam Properties has a number of
partially-completed sales that are expected to be
reflected in the results for 2013.

The Group’s share of Bertam Properties’ dividends
amounted to US$2.59 million (2011 US$2.61
million).

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR
As a result of all the above, the Group profit for the year
amounted to US$21.55 million, a reduction of US$
18.15 million compared with the US$39.70 in 2011.

11

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Palm oil

An excellent extraction rate of more than 24% at the 

Group’s mill in Kalimantan, only commissioned in December 2011, 

augurs well for the future.

PALM-OIL MARKET
Prices finished 2012 significantly lower than they
started the year. For the first three quarters, the CPO
price remained at or above US$1,000 per tonne
(Rotterdam c.i.f.), before an increase in stocks
occasioned by a pronounced recovery in Malaysian
yields caused the price to recede to a level of around
US$800 per tonne during the last quarter of the year.
Increasing global supply of CPO was generally
underpinned by benign weather conditions in producer
countries, with Indonesia, the largest producer, seeing
production increase by 10% compared with 2011.
Whilst demand for palm oil continues to rise, by an
estimated 2.9 million tonnes in 2012 according to Oil
World, supply increased by more than this, particularly
during the last quarter, leading to an accumulation of
stocks which put pressure on prices. In addition, ample
supplies of sunflower-seed oil and news of increased
plantings of soybeans in South America further limited
the scope for increases in the price of CPO,
notwithstanding its historically-high discount of more
than US$300 to soybean oil. 

The factors which bore down on the CPO price
during the last quarter of 2012 have persisted into
2013. Whilst there is evidence that the price incentive
is leading demand to switch away from other
vegetable oils towards palm oil, the weight of market
opinion believes that the high level of CPO stocks will
moderate any increase in the current price of
approximately US$830 per tonne until the latter part
of the year.

Workers’ housing behind oil-palm nursery

MAJORITY-OWNED ESTATES

CROPS AND PRODUCTION
Maturing plantings on the Group’s new projects and
the benefits of improved infrastructure and field
standards on the Group’s established North Sumatran
estates resulted in f.f.b. crops for the year of 317,000
tonnes; an increase of 27% on the previous year and
well ahead of the Group’s targeted crop of 300,000
tonnes. A good extraction rate was maintained at
Pangkatan, and an excellent rate of more than 24% at
the Group’s mill in Kalimantan, only commissioned in
December 2011, augurs well for the future.

                                                                                     2012            INCREASE                    2011
                                                                       TONNES                       %            TONNES

Crops
Own crops

Pangkatan group     157,000                           149,300
Simpang Kiri             51,300                             50,200

                               208,300               4.4       199,500

Kalimantan               73,700           219.0         23,100
Bangka                      35,000             31.1         26,700

                               317,000             27.2       249,300

Smallholder co-operative crops                                      

Kalimantan               29,800           173.4         10,900
Bangka                      19,700             29.6         15,200

                                 49,500             89.7         26,100

Outside crop purchased                                                                       
Kalimantan               60,100                 —                 —

Production
Crude palm oil                                                                                     
Pangkatan                 35,900                             34,700
Kalimantan               39,500                                  900

                                 75,400           111.8         35,600

Palm kernels

Pangkatan                   8,700                               8,500
Kalimantan                 6,100                                  200

                                 14,800             70.1           8,700

Extraction rates                                       %                                     %
Crude palm oil                                                                                     
Pangkatan                     23.1                                 23.2
Kalimantan                   24.1                                 23.2

Palm kernels

Pangkatan                       5.6                                    5.7
Kalimantan                     3.7                                    4.4

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

12

                                                                
                                                                
                                                                
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS

Sumatra
The drive to improve infrastructure and field standards
in the established Sumatran estates continued to bear
fruit during 2012 in the shape of increasing crops of
f.f.b. (4.4%) on top of the increases recorded in 2011.
Encouraging increases in yields per hectare are
expected to continue as a result of more intensive
supervision in addition to recent improvements in the
road network and drains that have been carried out
over the last two years. Whilst yields per hectare are
expected to continue rising, the total crop in Sumatra
is expected to remain approximately at the current
level in the short term as the age of the palms on
these estates means they are entering a period of
sustained replanting.

The composting facility next to the Pangkatan mill
saw its production of compost increase during the
year by 17% to 31,100 tonnes. In addition to this
nutritious compost, rich in potassium, some 52
hectares are now supplied by “land application”. This
is a system whereby mill effluent is applied directly to
palms in the field through a network of pipes and
trenches. This reduces the requirement for compost or
inorganic fertilizer. Furthermore, the land-application
system acts as a safety valve ensuring that, in the
event of extreme rainfall, no effluent reaches local
water courses.

Young oil-palms on the Kalimantan project

The replanting programme that recommenced in
2011, after a pause for detailed evaluation in 2010,
continued in 2012 with 421 hectares replanted during
the year. This programme is set to continue with an
average of 450 hectares annually due to be planted
over the next seven years. A sustained programme of
improvements to workers’ housing began on all the
Sumatran estates during 2012, and is expected to be
completed in 2013.

At 35,900 tonnes of CPO, production at the
Pangkatan mill was similar to that in the previous
year. The extraction rate of 23.1% was marginally
lower than in 2011, and represents a good rate for the
area in which the mill is operating. Average extraction
is constrained by the presence of poorer-quality
planting material that was known to be present on
Sennah Estate at the time of its acquisition by the
Group in 2002. In due course, these areas will be
replanted using higher-quality planting material but,
for the time being, the Group’s ability to extract very
good crops has led it to defer replanting and accept
the lower average extraction rate that this entails.

During the year, the Group announced that it had
acquired a permit to develop 20,000 hectares at 

Grading f.f.b. on the mill ramp

13

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Review of operations
Palm oil

CONTINUED

Musi Rawas in South Sumatra, at a cost of US$275
per hectare. Planting is not expected to begin until
2014, but a senior manager and small team are on the
ground to begin the process of agreeing terms of
compensation with local people who currently
occupy or farm the land. At this early stage, it is
impossible to predict with any accuracy how much of
the land will be released to the Group and what area
will ultimately be planted. The Group has given an
undertaking that 30% of the total land planted will be
developed as smallholder co-operative schemes.

The Group was pleased that the Pangkatan mill was
accredited by the Round Table on Sustainable Palm
Oil (“RSPO”) in October 2012. This will enable the
Group to market its oil as fully-certified “mass-
balance” CPO (essentially a system of credits for
sustainable oil that can be purchased by
environmentally-concerned buyers of CPO), although
Pangkatan does not produce CPO in sufficient
volumes to harbour hopes of selling its output as
“fully-segregated” oil.

A fine fruit set

Kalimantan
A more-than-trebling of crops on the Group’s
Kalimantan project signals that the expected phase of
strong crop growth has begun, as the yield from
newly-mature areas rapidly rises. The pace of crop
growth in the smallholder co-operative schemes
attached to the project has risen at a similar rate. The
crop amounted to 73,700 tonnes; that of the
smallholder co-operative schemes to another 29,800
tonnes. As the remaining area available for planting
has shrunk, the attention of senior agricultural
managers has shifted towards achieving excellent
field standards. The soils in this area are good and the
effort invested in high-quality planting and
maintaining good field standards on the project are
being rewarded with very satisfactory yields. 

A total of 900 hectares was planted in 2012, of which
520 related to the Group and 380 to the smallholder
co-operative schemes, bringing the total areas planted
to 9,680 hectares and 4,000 hectares respectively.
Inevitably, the rate of planting on any project slows

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

14

down as the remaining area to be planted diminishes.
This is now the case in Kalimantan, where the
development of the area is in its final stage when
negotiations with local people for land compensation
typically become more intricate and hence take longer
to conclude. Management conducts its negotiations in
a fair and open manner, in which any agreement is
properly documented. This too lengthens the time it
takes to release land for development. Whilst
uncertainty still clouds any prediction of the total land
that will be planted on this project, it remains possible
that a total of 15,000 hectares may ultimately be
planted, comprising 10,600 for the Group and 4,400
for the smallholder co-operative schemes. 

The project borders the Mahakam river. The Group
has built a jetty that has allowed it to bring purchases
such as fertilizer into the project by river rather than
road, resulting in significant cost savings, and it has
also been able to dispatch by barge CPO and palm
kernels from the new mill. The high standard of the
facilities and the fact that the Group is amongst the
first to develop infrastructure of this kind in the area
has enabled the Group to earn good returns by
renting out spare capacity in its bulking tanks that
form a part of the complex. Indeed, the returns on this
activity were sufficiently attractive for a planned,
third, 5,000-tonne, bulking tank to be constructed
early to take advantage of this opportunity.

As the Group’s mill was one of the first to be
completed in the area, the Group was able to buy
good-quality fruit from other plantations to
supplement its own crop and that of the smallholder
co-operatives attached to the project. During the year
under review, 60,100 tonnes of crop were purchased
from other commercial operations. Tough quality
standards applied to f.f.b. purchased from third parties
and a rigorous approach to training the Group’s own
harvesters to harvest crop at the correct standard of
ripeness have resulted in excellent oil extraction for
the mill during only its first year of operation. The
purchase of outside fruit has also improved the
capacity utilization of the mill, helpfully lowering its
unit cost of production.

In October 2012, the Group commissioned a gas
engine attached to the mill in Kalimantan which
produces electricity out of methane derived from part
of the mill effluent. This power is used by the mill and
neighbouring workers’ and staff housing. The power
output and costs of this facility will be carefully 

monitored with a view to adding a biogas facility to
the Pangkatan mill if it is commercially attractive.

Following the commissioning of the Kalimantan mill,
the Group has pursued its certification by the RSPO.
Preparatory work on this took place during 2012, and
the first step towards certification took place at the end
of February 2013. Final certification is expected
towards the end of 2013 or the early part of 2014.

Bangka
The areas first planted on the Group’s Bangka project
are entering a phase of quickly-improving yields. For
the project as a whole, crops increased by 31.1%,
compared with 2011, to 35,000 tonnes. As would be
expected, given that the Group was responsible for
planting and managing the plantings, crops from the
smallholder co-operative schemes attached to the
project grew at a similar rate. There was a continued
focus on field standards and improving drainage, but
it is worth noting that the f.f.b. yields from some fields
of the 2006 plantings touched 30 tonnes per hectare
during 2012. The mature areas on the project now
consist of 3,020 hectares, of which 1,970 relate to the
Group and 1,050 to the smallholder co-operative
schemes.

The total area planted at the end of 2012 amounted to
5,100 hectares, of which 3,500 related to the Group
and 1,600 to the smallholder co-operative schemes.
Progress on planting was slower than expected with
720 hectares planted during the year, of which 500
related to the Group. Whilst disappointing in total, the
pattern of progress is encouraging with a faster pace
of planting achieved in the last quarter and a
constant, if low, weekly rate. Management remains
optimistic that the success of existing smallholder 
co-operatives attached to the Bangka project is
encouraging local people to agree compensation with
the Group to release more land and that the low-but-
steady rate of planting experienced in the latter part of
2012, will accelerate. Whilst the human factors make
it difficult to predict the areas that will eventually be
planted, management believe it is possible that these
may ultimately reach 6,000 hectares for the Group
and 4,000 for the smallholder co-operative schemes.

With planting progressing and the volume of crop
increasing, the Group has considered again the
appropriate time to build a mill on the Bangka
project. No final decision has been taken, but it is
currently planned to begin building a mill in 

15

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Review of operations
Palm oil

CONTINUED

2014, with a view to it becoming operational at the
end of 2015. In the meantime, there is good
competition between third-party mills to buy f.f.b. and
the Group is able to sell its fruit at acceptable prices.

OPERATING COSTS
The Indonesian palm-oil industry has been subject to
increased cost pressures, notably through increased
wage costs. Good agricultural managers attract good
salaries in an expanding industry. In relation to workers,
increases in the legislated minimum wage, such as the
newsworthy rates of up to 49% published at the end of
2012 to take effect in 2013, also have an impact on the
Group’s costs. However, increases in the minimum
wage do not translate fully into cost increases for the
Group, since a large proportion of its employees are
already paid at a higher rate than the minimum,
although it undoubtedly results in upward pressure on
this cost. In US Dollar terms, this increase was mitigated
during 2012 by the weakening of the Rupiah against the
US Dollar. The unit costs of its CPO and palm kernels
remain at competitive levels, although the effect of the
depreciation charge on the new mill in Kalimantan
make its costs higher than those of the Pangkatan mill.

The Group is vigilant in minimising its costs. It has
established a specialist purchasing and procurement
team in its Jakarta office, with satellite staff in North
Sumatra and Kalimantan. Management takes every
opportunity to drive down the cost of its inputs and
obtain the maximum advantage from combining the
orders of its different operating units to obtain bulk
discounts.

New plantings on the Bangka project

ASSOCIATED-COMPANY ESTATES

CROPS AND PRODUCTION
An increase of 4% in PT Agro Muko’s crop to 367,400
tonnes bears witness to the effectiveness of the
programme of agricultural improvement that has taken
place over the last few years, including the infilling of
previously-unplanted areas and heavy investment in
road building. As expected, the rubber crop fell
markedly as the delayed felling and replanting of rubber
took place during the year. Crops on Kerasaan Estate fell
by 5,900 tonnes as the estate suffered a severe leaf-pest
attack, which has largely been brought under control.

                                                                                                         INCREASE                            
                                                                              2012        (DECREASE)                  2011
                                                                       TONNES                       %             TONNES

F.f.b. crops
PT Agro Muko                                                                                      
- own                      367,400               3.8       354,100
- outgrowers                8,600            (40.3)        14,400

                               376,000               2.0       368,500

PT Kerasaan Indonesia                    41,200            (12.5)        47,100

                               417,200               0.4       415,600

Production (PT Agro Muko)                                                                
Crude palm oil          87,100              (1.2)        88,200
Palm kernels             19,700               2.6         19,200

Extraction rates                                       %                                     %
Crude palm oil              23.2                                 23.9
Palm kernels                   5.2                                    5.2

Rubber crops                                  TONNES                              TONNES

PT Agro Muko - own  1,340            (13.5)          1,550

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

16

                                                                
Management monitors and assesses the performance
of the development of the new plantings by means of
key performance indicators which identify the area to
be planted in a given year and also the cost per
hectare of that planting.  Programmes for planting are
set, with sufficient planting material in place in the
previous year.  This type of activity is normally
undertaken by contractors and management monitors
the progress achieved on the contracted areas.  As
with other plantation activities, costs per hectare are
determined by such factors as the weather pattern, the
soil type and the terrain. They are monitored by
management for each individual estate.

With regard to mill production, the key performance
indicators are the extraction rate of palm oil and palm
kernels per tonne of f.f.b., percentage of free fatty
acids, oil losses and dirt and moisture content.
Extraction rates vary according to factors such as the
type and quality of planting material, the age profile
of plantings, rainfall, etc.  Rates of up to 25% for palm
oil and over 5.5% for palm kernels can be achieved
in some parts of Indonesia.  Oil losses, dirt and
moisture content are expressed in terms of
percentages and actual achievement against
maximum permitted levels is monitored by
management.

PLANTATION AND MILL COSTS
Management monitors and assesses the efficiency of
plantation operations in terms of cost by means of key
performance indicators which identify field costs per
hectare and per kilogramme of f.f.b. and factory costs
per tonne of palm products (palm oil plus palm
kernels).  A significant proportion of costs both in the
field and in the factory are fixed and therefore vary
little with different levels of throughput.  Field costs
also vary from estate to estate depending upon such
factors as terrain and rainfall pattern and the key
performance indicators are monitored by
management for each individual estate.

Inspecting mature oil palms

REVIEW OF OPERATIONS 
Whilst previous investment in planting and roads
underpinned strong crop growth in PT Agro Muko,
benign weather conditions also played their part.
Although its own crops increased by 13,300 tonnes,
the company bought in less outside fruit as
competition from other mills was driving up the price
paid, rendering it insufficiently profitable to justify
maintaining these purchases, with a consequential
reduction of 5,800 tonnes of f.f.b. from this source.

Unusually dry conditions in 2011 were not repeated
in 2012, which led to a fall in PT Agro Muko’s oil-
extraction rate from 23.9% to 23.2% with, as a
consequence, marginally lower production of CPO
than in the previous year. Rubber output too fell, as
foreshadowed in the 2011 annual report, since
unsustainably-intensive tapping during 2011 came to
an end when the trees were felled in 2012 for
replanting.

On Kerasaan Estate, intensive management effort
arrested the leaf-pest attacks that had taken hold. This
has involved repeated leaf spraying and trunk
injection. Action on these multiple fronts has been
effective, but nonetheless it is expected that the crops
on the estate will be adversely affected for at least the
next three years.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

PLANTATION AND MILL OPERATIONS
Management monitors and assesses the efficiency of
operations with regard to crops and production by
means of performance indicators.  The assessment of
crops is measured for each year’s planting on each
estate in terms of yield per hectare.  The yield per
hectare on each individual estate, indeed on each
year’s planting on each estate, is recorded and
monitored.  Yields can vary widely because of factors
such as soil type, terrain, sunshine hours, rainfall,
distribution of rainfall and the fertility cycle of the
palms.  Because of this, monitoring is not carried out
on a Group basis but rather takes into account the
conditions on each estate.  Key factors which are
under management’s control are husbandry standards,
fertiliser application, harvester numbers and
productivity, and the quality of infrastructure (estate
roads and drains, for example).  These are monitored
by management on the ground and, in some cases,
independently verified and advised upon.  Decisions,
such as when and how to replant, are taken based on
local conditions.

17

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Beef cattle

NAPCo achieved higher sales and brandings,

and a significantly-improved cash inflow.

THE BEEF MARKET

MAJORITY-OWNED OPERATIONS

Prices for lighter-weight cattle, such as those
produced on Woodlands, declined sharply, by some
14%, during the year, whilst prices for the heavier,
grain-finished cattle, such as those produced by
NAPCo, fell less steeply, by some 5%. The decline in
both markets followed a general softening in demand
from two of Australia’s traditional export markets,
Japan and Korea, although demand from these
markets started to improve in the second half of the
year. Export demand was also negatively influenced
by the continuing strength of the Australian Dollar.
Prices for the lighter-weight, domestic cattle were
further affected by the dry conditions which prevailed
in many parts of Australia in the second half of the
year.

NAPCo steers feeding on leguminous crop on Gordon Downs

WOODLANDS

Woodlands recorded a farm gross loss of US$2.19
million (2011 US$0.11 million profit), which was
caused by volatile seasonal conditions.  There were
good rains in February and up to June, although they
were not sustained into the second half of the year
which suffered rainfall well below average.  This
meant that forage oats did not become fully
established and finished earlier than normal, resulting
in fewer cattle being fattened and cattle being sent to
market at lower weights than projected.  It also
proved impossible to plant the intended area 
of forage sorghum and other fodder crops.
Consequently, the farm could not fatten cattle as
quickly as planned during this period.  At the

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

18

NAPCo Wainui feedlot

A reduction in the value of the company’s major
assets, brought about by a revaluation of its cattle and
land, negatively affected its financial result. In 2012,
the revaluation of all the company’s stations saw a
4.5% reduction in their total value, US$4.90 million
of which was treated as an impairment in the income
statement, the Group’s share of which was US$1.68
million. However, the impact has been less than that
on others in the industry, owing not only to the
quality of the assets but also to regular maintenance
and improvements.

NAPCo Wainui feedlot

beginning of the year there were 10,391 cattle on
hand.  During the year, 5,278 head were sold but,
because of the dry period, only 540 head were
purchased.  After allowing for a small number of
deaths, there were 5,562 head on hand at the end of
the period.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Management monitors and assesses the efficiency of
operations with regard to cattle fattening by means of
performance indicators. This assessment involves the
establishment of weight gain per beast per day.
Depending upon the weather and pasture/forage-crop
conditions, management would generally aim for 0.6
kg per day for grass-fed steers and 1.0 kg per day for
forage-crop steers.

The ability to maximise the weight gain in any one
year will be determined by the amount of rainfall.
This, in turn, determines both the quality of the
existing pastures and what areas of forage crops can
be planted.  Whilst rainfall is clearly not a factor
under management’s control, the area of forage crops
that can be both planted and brought ahead to a state
that can sustain cattle is crucial to the operations of
the company.  The area planted, and the cost, is
therefore a performance indicator that is under
constant review by management.

ASSOCIATED COMPANY - NAPCo

RESULTS FOR THE YEAR
The company recorded a loss of US$5.85 million, of
which the Group’s share amounted to US$2.01 million.
This compares with a profit after tax in 2011, of which
the Group’s share amounted to US$4.23 million. 

Notwithstanding the overall loss, the company
achieved a significantly-improved cash inflow of A$
12.26 million compared with A$5.26 million in 2011
despite lower cattle sale prices. Whilst these lower
prices were partly attributable to deteriorating seasonal
conditions throughout the second half of the year, they
were also the result of the ongoing impact of a very
high Australian dollar and the continuing lacklustre
demand from Australia’s major export markets.

19

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

NAPCo PROPERTIES

Beef cattle

CONTINUED

SEASONAL CONDITIONS

Seasonal conditions were mixed for the first part of
the year, with some properties receiving plentiful
rainfall and others receiving well below-average
levels.  However, in the latter part of the year, an
exceptionally hot and dry spell of several months set
in across the majority of the company’s properties,
which took its toll on weight gains.

COMPANY OPERATIONS

The 62,506 brandings recorded in 2012 were the
highest since 2008.  The growing and backgrounding

NAPCo cattle on Goldsborough

properties were again able to accommodate all the
weaners transferred off the breeder properties without
recourse to agistment or custom feeding as has been
the case several times in the past. At the end of the
year, the herd stood at 197,309 head, only marginally
below last year’s figure. However, unlike 2011, when
the herd size was preserved with the assistance of
8,422 purchased cattle, the 2012 result was achieved
after purchasing only 1,876 cattle.

After several years of low sales (driven mainly by the
retention of females to rebuild the breeding herd), in
2012 the company sold 59,489 cattle, an increase on
each of the last three years.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

20

CATTLE SALES AND BRANDINGS
(cid:0) SALES (cid:0) BRANDINGS (cid:0) CLOSING STOCK

2012

2011

59,489

62,506

57,155
54,695

2010

36,844

61,456

40,337

44,090

2009

2008

96,552

67,599

2007

49,725

65,510

2006

41,868

57,408

197,309

197,590

195,342

160,622

162,336

198,262

184,309

‘000 HEAD

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Cattle on Woodlands

In the current year, the company expects to

sell approximately 61,000 head,

approximately two thirds of which will be

grain finished at Wainui. 

Throughout 2012, the Wainui farming

aggregation produced 13,750 tonnes of silage,

4,750 tonnes of sorghum and 1,500 tonnes of

wheat, the majority of which was of premium

quality and sold externally at a premium price,

rather than being used for feeding to cattle.

PROPERTY ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT

Late in 2012, the company purchased

“Munro”, a 450-hectare irrigated cultivation

farm which adjoins Wainui.  The purchase will

create greater efficiencies in the Wainui

farming enterprise, enabling the extra country

to be farmed with existing staff numbers and

plant infrastructure.

A further five boreholes were drilled on

Alexandria in 2012.  A total of 40 new waters

have been developed on the property since

2006, not only increasing carrying capacity

but also mitigating the impact of dry seasons

on the herd size.

The expanded Wainui feedlot performed well

since having been commissioned in February

2012.  However, owing to the high cost of

grain, the expanded feedlot was not fully

utilised, peaking at 77% utilisation in

December 2012.  Over 42,500 cattle were

turned off Wainui during the year, a 40%

increase in throughput over the previous five-

year average.

The annual NAPCo Station Challenge

21

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Property

The Group’s investment in Bertam Properties

remains a very valuable asset.

MAJORITY-OWNED OPERATIONS

BERTAM ESTATE
It is intended that Bertam Estate will be sold when the
board deems that market conditions are suitable. Based
on independent advice, the land is estimated to be
worth more than US$13.5 million. In the meantime, the
Group continues to harvest the 65 hectares of mature oil
palms on the estate. This yielded a crop of 1,600 tonnes
in 2012 (2011 - 1,600 tonnes). No replanting has taken
place since 1997.

ASSOCIATED COMPANY

BERTAM PROPERTIES
Unlike many of their counterparts elsewhere, Malaysian
banks continue to make credit available for housing and
land purchases. This has underpinned continuing
buoyancy in the Penang property market. Land prices
have continued to rise and, whilst regulatory, labour and
material costs have also risen, property development has
remained an attractive sector.

New development on the Bertam Properties project

Against a positive economic background, however,
Bertam Properties had a disappointing year as
measured under International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”). The application of IFRS has had a
negative effect on Bertam Properties’ reported results
in respect of property development. Whilst, under
local accounting standards, property-development
revenue and gross-profit margin increased, under
IFRS, Bertam Properties reported a substantial fall in
revenue to US$1.68 million (2011 US$22.35 million),
on which it made a small loss of US$0.68 million
(2011 US$3.92 million profit). It is anticipated that the
profit reported in 2012 under local accounting
standards will be reported under IFRS in 2013.

Plantation activities continue to shrink as the land
available for agriculture is given over to property
development. At the end of 2012, 147 hectares 
(2011 - 171 hectares) of oil palm remained. 
The f.f.b. crop fell by 24% to 2,200 tonnes 
(2011 - 2,600 tonnes), although profits fell by less as
reduced costs outweighed the effects of the falling
price of CPO.

At the end of 2012, Bertam Properties owned 453

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

22

Recently-constructed houses at Bertam Properties

Penang Golf Resort at Bertam Properties

hectares, including 143 hectares covered by the golf
course and 41 hectares already under development,
leaving 269 hectares undeveloped. This remains a
very valuable asset. The Group’s investment in 
Bertam Properties is estimated to be worth in excess
of US$30 million.

As set out in previous annual reports, it is the Group’s
intention to dispose of the Group’s share in Bertam
Properties in due course. For the time being, Bertam
Properties distributes the proceeds of its land sales
and property development by way of dividends,
which the board regards as a satisfactory way to
extract value from its shareholding. Over time, Bertam
Properties will reduce in size to a point where the
Group’s shareholding becomes more readily
marketable. The board’s strategy continues to be that
it will use funds received from dividends or any sale
of its shares to finance its current investments in
Indonesian palm-oil.

Children’s play area at Bertam Properties

23

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Risk management

The board reviews risk management on an
annual basis.  Set out below is the board’s
evaluation of the principal areas of potential
risk and the steps taken, where appropriate, 
to mitigate that risk.

INDONESIA COUNTRY RISK
The Group relies on the continuing ability to acquire
and enforce property rights in Indonesia. The country
has recently benefited from a period of political
stability, economic growth and exchange-rate
stability. The board perceives a very low risk of the
imposition of exchange controls, and the attendant
risk that the Group will be unable to extract profits
from its subsidiaries and associated companies in
Indonesia.

Security of land tenure is a matter of fundamental
concern to plantation operators.  The Group holds its
land under 25 or 30-year renewable leases (HGU’s)
which have, to date, been renewed when falling due
without difficulty. A variation on this risk is that the
Group may ultimately fail to obtain good title to the
land on which it has developed its new projects. 
To date, the Group has obtained all the necessary
licences for these projects short of the ultimate lease,
the HGU. These include a valid right to develop the
land (izin lokasi) and operating licences (izin usaha
pertambangan). The Group has taken responsibility
for the process of compensating smallholders and
ensuring full and prompt payment of relevant
government taxes. Both are important activities that
are assessed during the final application for an HGU.
Where other companies have been granted licences
which potentially conflict with those obtained by the
Group, swift and determined legal action has been
taken to defend the Group’s assets.

SUPERVISION OF OPERATIONS
Geographical distance between the UK head office
and operations located in Indonesia, Australia and
Malaysia puts a premium on strong supervision of the
Group’s operations. Regular written reporting from all
operating companies is supplemented with routine
telephone contact and frequent visits by the executive
directors to all areas of the Group’s operations,
including the operations of associated companies.
The Group has seats on the boards of its three major
associated companies and regularly attends those
companies’ board meetings, as well as maintaining a
dialogue with those companies’ chief executives. 

At the Group’s regional office in Jakarta, the local
president director has put together a team of senior
managers (agricultural, engineering and finance) with
extensive experience and expertise, well qualified to
confront the problems that arise on new and existing
plantation projects. Senior regional managers are now
resident in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Bangka.
Additionally, independent scrutiny of agricultural
operations is provided by an independent UK-based
consultant. 

A training school has been erected in Kalimantan.
This is now being used to instil the Group’s systems
and high standards into new and existing staff
covering, agriculture, engineering, finance and
protection of the environment. 

PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Concerns about global warming and particularly the
destruction of tropical rainforest have received, and
continue to receive, close scrutiny in the media.  
The palm-oil industry, unfairly in many cases, is
closely associated with cutting down rainforest and
destroying the habitat of endangered species such as
the orang-utan, elephant, tiger and rhinoceros. The
Group is therefore likely to receive attention from the
many organisations connected with climate change
and South East Asian tropical rainforests.

The Group is a member of the Round Table on
Sustainable Palm Oil (“RSPO”).  The RSPO has strict
guidelines by which members must abide in order to
be able to state that they are producing sustainable
palm oil, including the protection of forested areas.
The Group endorses the Principles and Criteria which
have been adopted by the membership. RSPO
accreditation has been granted to the North Sumatran
estates. A project can only be accredited if it is
producing crude palm oil. Accordingly, the RSPO
audit of the new project in Kalimantan began in 2012
following the commissioning of the new mill in
December 2011, and accreditation is expected by
early 2014.

As evidenced by its new projects in Kalimantan and
on Bangka Island, the Group has a clear policy that
only heavily-degraded land will be acquired and
developed.  It is the board’s policy to have an
environmental-impact assessment undertaken by an
independent consultant for any new project.  The
study undertaken for the new land in Kalimantan has
been made public on the Group’s website.  Implicit in
these studies is the requirement to abide by riparian
buffer zones and nature-conservation areas and to

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

24

compensate people cultivating parts of the land to be
developed in a fair and transparent way.

With regard to both its mills, the Group has installed
composting systems which utilise both the “empty”
fruit bunches (i.e. after the fruit has been removed
from them) and the liquid effluent from the mill.  The
resulting nutritious compost is applied in the field and
reduces the requirement for inorganic fertiliser.  No
effluent is discharged into external water courses.
Since the middle of 2012, at the mill in Kalimantan,
methane has been captured from the mill effluent
before it is used for composting, and used in a bio-gas
engine to generate electricity for workers’ villages on
the project.

Management follows industry best-practice guidelines
and abides by Indonesian law with regard to such
matters as fertiliser application and health and safety.  

RELATIONSHIP WITH LOCAL POPULATIONS
Particular attention is paid to the Group’s relationship
with the local populations where development is
taking place. On each of the projects there has been
extensive communication not only with local
government officials but also with local people
collectively and through their representatives: the
local mayor and village heads. Smallholder
cooperative schemes (KKPA) are being developed
alongside the Group’s areas and managed by the
Group.  Staff members have been appointed to deal
with compensation for loss of land and crops, and to
explain the basis and workings of the KKPA schemes
and to gain the support of the villages surrounding the
Group’s project areas. This is a time-consuming
process.

RELATIONSHIP WITH LOCAL PARTNERS
The board recognises the importance of building and
maintaining a good relationship with the minority
partners and fellow shareholders in its Indonesian
plantation projects but inevitably disagreements do
sometimes arise. A breakdown in relations with a
local partner could lead to a breakdown in relations
with the local populations where the Group is
located, with a detrimental effect on operations. The
executive directors endeavour to maintain regular and
open contact, both formal and informal, with the
Group’s partners to discuss current and future issues
affecting the Group’s operations.

SECURITY OF LIQUID FUNDS
With the onset of the recent worldwide banking crisis,

the board is concerned to ensure that the Group’s
liquid funds, which are in excess of US$50 million
worldwide at the date of this report, are deposited in a
secure environment and not at risk of loss.  The
Group’s policy is, and has been for many years, only
to deposit funds either with banks with an acceptable
rating from reputable rating agencies or with banks
that are majority owned by sovereign governments.

COMMODITY-PRICE FLUCTUATION
The Group relies on its ability to sell its palm oil,
palm kernels and f.f.b. through a world market over
which it has no control. Palm oil is a permanent tree
crop with f.f.b. being harvested every day of the year.
Palm oil and palm kernels are sold on a fortnightly
basis by open tender and f.f.b. are sold on a day-by-
day basis under contract at a price derived from the
quoted world price.  Over a year, by selling on a
“spot” basis, an average price is therefore achieved.

The price of palm oil is determined both by
disposable income around the world generated by
economic activity and by the supply, pricing and
demand for competing vegetable oils.  These factors
can result in fluctuations in the price. As with any
commodity, over-supply does occur in the vegetable-
oil market which exerts downward pressure on prices.
The competing oils, the main ones of which are
soybean, oilseed rape and sunflower, are annual
crops and producers tend to react to low prices by
switching to other crops which has, in the past,
quickly reduced oversupply and restored upward
pressure on prices.

The board is satisfied that the fundamental structure of
the vegetable-oil market, and particularly the palm-oil
market, is sound.  Continuing strong demand from the
fast-developing economies, such as India, China and
Indonesia itself, as well as from more established
markets in Europe, for vegetable oil for human
consumption has supported prices, as has growing
demand for vegetable oils as a biofuel. Palm oil is the
vegetable oil with the highest production in the world
and has the lowest cost and is the most productive, by
a wide margin, in terms of yield per hectare.

The price that the Group achieves for the sale of its
fattened cattle is substantially determined by a world
market over which the Group has no control.  The
price of live cattle and beef is determined by
economic activity around the world, giving the
wherewithal for demand for red meat to be created.
This activity fluctuates, as does the beef price.
Australia is a high-quality, efficient producer free of

25

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

US DOLLAR -V- INDONESIAN RUPIAH

US DOLLAR -V- AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR

US$1 = Indonesian Rupiah

US$1 = A$

CONTINUED

US DOLLAR -V- MALAYSIAN RINGGIT

STERLING -V- US DOLLAR

US$1 = RM

£1 = US$

BSE and foot-and-mouth disease, whose markets are
mainly in South East Asia and the United States, with
its principal competitors being South America and the
United States itself.  The board accepts price
fluctuation as a risk of the business and has
concluded that the structure of the Australian cattle
industry is sound and that its proximity to its main
markets in South East Asia gives the business a
competitive advantage over its rivals.

EXCHANGE-RATE FLUCTUATION
The movement of the Australian Dollar and Malaysian
Ringgit against the US Dollar has an effect in US-
Dollar terms when Australian and Malaysian earnings
and assets are translated. Palm oil is a US-Dollar-
denominated commodity and a significant proportion
of revenue costs in Indonesia (such as fertiliser and
fuel) and development costs (such as heavy
machinery and fuel) are US-Dollar related.  Adverse
movements in the Rupiah against the US Dollar can
have a negative effect on other revenue costs in US-
Dollar terms.  

The board has taken the view that these risks are part
of the business and feels that adopting hedging
mechanisms to counter the negative effects of
exchange movements are both difficult to achieve
and would not be cost effective.

WEATHER AND NATURAL DISASTERS

Oil palms rely on regular sunshine and rainfall but
these patterns can vary and extremes such as unusual
dry periods or, conversely, heavy rainfall leading in
some locations to flooding, can occur.  Dry periods, in
particular, will affect yields in the short and medium
term but any deficits so caused tend to be made up at
a later date.  Where appropriate, bunding is built
around flood-prone areas and drainage constructed
and adapted either to evacuate surplus water or to
maintain water levels in areas quick to dry out.

Whilst a remarkably hardy plant, the oil palm can be
subject to attack from such pests as caterpillars and
other insects, and certain diseases.  Proper
management and husbandry should identify and
prevent these attacks from becoming widespread.
Appropriate agronomic measures are taken where any
outbreaks occur.

Rainfall is of crucial importance to cattle farming in
Australia and is unpredictable.  The level of rainfall
will determine the ability of existing pastures to be
maintained and of management to plant forage crops.
In turn, the quality and quantity of feed will determine
the carrying capacity of the property. The board has
taken the view that acceptance of this risk is part of
the business.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

26

Environmental, corporate
and social responsibility

Compost production at Pangkatan

 The Group aims to adopt high standards
in respect of environmental, corporate
and social responsibility in its palm-oil
and beef-cattle operations.

 The Group is committed to producing
environmentally-sustainable palm oil.

NAPCo staff at a horsemanship-skills training course

 In Australia, besides its commitment to
the health and safety of its employees,
the Group adopts high standards of
animal welfare in relation to its cattle.
Through NAPCo, which has won a
number of environmental awards, it is
also involved in the preservation, and
rehabilitation, of indigenous flora and
fauna.

27

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Barn owl nesting box

Cover-crop seedlings

 ROUNDTABLE FOR SUSTAINABLE
PALM OIL (“RSPO”)

         The Group is a member of the RSPO.  The

 AGRONOMIC POLICIES

         The following policies in respect of plantation

management have been adopted:-

membership covers a wide variety of interests
from plantation owners to non-governmental
organisations to supermarkets.  The Group
endorses the Principles and Criteria which have
been adopted by the RSPO in relation to
environmental, social and ethical plantation
practices. 

         The Pangkatan mill was granted accreditation to
the RSPO in October 2012. The crude palm oil
from the mill is therefore recognised as having
been derived from a sustainable source. The
three estates that send f.f.b. to the mill, namely
Pangkatan, Bilah and Sennah Estates, are
covered by this accreditation.

         The RSPO audit process has already begun at

the palm-oil mill on the Kalimantan project that
commenced its operations at the end of 2011. 
It is hoped that accreditation will be achieved
before the end of 2013.

         The associated companies, PT Agro Muko and
PT Kerasaan Indonesia, received RSPO
accreditation in 2011 and 2010 respectively.

NEW LAND

         The Group ensures that any new plantation
development is undertaken only in heavily-
degraded areas which will not be suitable
habitats for orang-utans or other major
endangered mammals. In accordance with
RSPO rules, land will only be planted that has
been independently certified as not having high
conservation value and has been subject to an
independent social impact assessment. 

         Full environmental-impact assessments are
conducted on new project areas by
internationally-recognised, independent
environmental consultants.  The assessment of
the Kalimantan project has been posted on the
Group’s website, www.mpevans.co.uk.

ZERO BURNING

         On new plantings or replantings, no burning is
allowed.  Vegetation or old palms/trees are
stacked in interrows between the new planting
lines and allowed to rot down.

CONSERVATION AREAS

         On new projects, well-marked conservation

areas are set aside in areas designated as being
of high conservation value.  Ongoing
programmes of planting jungle trees and other
plants are undertaken.  Areas alongside river
banks (riparian reserves) are set aside as
conservation areas to prevent leaching of
fertilisers into water courses and provide
wildlife corridors.

LEGUMES

         Leguminous cover crops are planted.  These

serve to fix nitrogen in the soil, prevent erosion
and provide nutritious leaf litter.

Riperian reserve in oil-palm development area

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

28

Terraced oil palms

The new electricity-generating biogas plant in Kalimantan

A rare purple-necked rock wallaby in Nature Refuge on NAPCo’s
Boomarra Station

TERRACING AND SOIL EROSION

         In areas with slopes above 12%, contour

terraces are dug.  This prevents soil erosion and
retains water for palms on the terraces.  Slopes
of more than 25% are not planted.

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (“IPM”)

         The Group adopts IPM to control pests on its

plantations.

         Beneficial “host” plants are planted alongside
estate roads to attract predators (insects) of leaf
pests.  The predators feed on leaf pest larva thus
reducing the need for chemical spraying.  Barn
owls are, where possible, bred to control rats,
thus obviating the need for chemical baits.

MILL EFFLUENT, COMPOST AND POWER
GENERATION (ZERO-WASTE CONCEPT)

         At the Group’s Pangkatan palm-oil mill, liquid
effluent is applied to empty bunches to create
nutritious compost which, in turn, is applied in
the field, reducing the requirement for inorganic
fertilisers.  No effluent is discharged into rivers
or water courses.  

         At the new mill in Kalimantan, methane is

captured from part of the mill effluent and is
utilised to fuel a biogas engine.  This engine, in
turn, generates electricity for office compounds
and housing in workers’ villages in the vicinity of
the mill.  This gives rise to a significant reduction
in the use of diesel for the generators which
would otherwise have been needed to provide
this electricity.  Surplus effluent (which can
occur during very rainy periods) is applied in the
field.  This acts as a beneficial organic fertiliser.

         The effluent, from which methane has been
captured, is then applied to the empty fruit
bunches to create compost.  The balance of the
effluent which has not been utilised for methane
capture is immediately applied to the empty
fruit bunches to create compost.  Because the
effluent is used quickly, the production of
methane is minimal.

29

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Medical centre on Pangkatan Estate

Workers’ housing

 HEALTH AND SAFETY

 FACILITIES

         The Group provides good-quality housing for its

employees, together with clean, potable water
and proper sanitation.

         Kindergartens are provided for very young
children and transport for older children to
nearby government schools.  In remote
locations, where schools are not available, the
Group assists by providing land and some
buildings so that government schools can
operate on the plantations.

         The Group gives priority to the health and safety
of its employees and those affected by its
activities.  Medical care is provided on the
plantations in polyclinics which are manned on
a daily basis by trained employees and, in
addition, doctors visit these clinics once or
twice a week.  The Group pays for hospital
treatment if this is required.

         Sprayers apply chemicals in the field.  They are

provided with appropriate protective clothing
and masks, showering facilities are available
(and required to be used) and the sprayers are
subject to regular medical checks.

Kindergarten on Pangkatan Estate

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

30

Horseshoeing at NAPCo

Environmental signage at NAPCo

 TRAINING

         The Group undertakes to train and motivate its

workforce, to help employees build on skill
levels and to extend their education and
qualifications.  It has built a first-class
residential training facility on its project in East
Kalimantan.

 SMALLHOLDER SCHEMES

         On the new projects the Group has entered into
arrangements with local people to provide land
planted with oil palms.  This is done by means
of cooperatives (KKPA’s) whose members are
eligible families in the villages which are in, or
next to, the areas being developed.  In the early
stages, the Group provides the finance on loan
to plant these areas and, once the land titles
have been received, facilitates the KKPA’s
obtaining bank finance, whereupon the initial
loans provided by the Group are largely repaid.
The remaining amounts due to the Group are
repaid out of KKPA profits.  The land is planted

to the same high standard as the Group’s areas.
The bank loans are guaranteed by the Group
and any funding required in excess of that
provided as bank loans is also provided by the
Group.  

         There is a contractual arrangement for the f.f.b.
from the KKPA’s to be purchased by the Group
in accordance with a formula set by the
Indonesian Government.  The KKPA’s are
maintained and managed under the supervision
of the Group.  This has been a successful way of
engendering goodwill with local people, as well
as providing them with a tangible and
remunerative business which is owned by them.

 COMPENSATION IN RESPECT OF LAND
ACQUIRED

         When acquiring new land for development, the
Group negotiates compensation terms with
local people in a fair and transparent manner.
Transactions are meticulously recorded and
witnessed.

Training workers for crop spraying

31

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Report of the directors 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

The directors present the audited consolidated
financial statements of M.P.Evans Group PLC for
the year ended 31 December 2012.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
At 31 December 2012, the Company, through its
subsidiary and associated undertakings, operates oil-
palm and rubber plantations in Indonesia, beef-cattle
operations in Australia, and property development
and an oil-palm plantation in West Malaysia.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
A review of the year and future prospects (including
the principal risks and uncertainties facing the
Company) is included in the chairman’s statement
(pages 6 to 8) and in the review of 2012 (pages 9 to
26) and is incorporated in this report by reference.

RESULTS AND DIVIDEND
Details of the profit for the year are given in the
consolidated income statement on page 42.

An interim dividend of 2.25p (2011 - 2.25p) per share

Board of directors

was paid on 5 November 2012. The board
recommends a final dividend of 5.75p (2011 - 5.75p)
per share. This dividend will be paid on or after 20
June 2013 to those shareholders on the register at the
close of business on 26 April 2013. This final dividend
is not provided for in the 2012 financial statements.

SCRIP-DIVIDEND SCHEME
The board has decided to make the scrip-dividend
option available for the final dividend. Shareholders
who have previously elected to receive their
dividends in this manner will automatically receive
this dividend as scrip. Forms of election will be
dispatched to remaining shareholders under separate
cover.  Shareholders who now wish to make an
election to receive this and future dividends as scrip,
or who wish to revoke a previous election, should
contact the Company’s registrars (contact details on
page 80) without delay. Any such elections or
revocations will not be effective unless they have
been sent in accordance with the Company’s
instructions and received by the Company’s
registrars no later than 5:00 p.m. on 30 May 2013.

Peter E Hadsley-Chaplin, MA MBA
CHAIRMAN
Appointed a director in 1989,
chairman in 2010. Former executive
chairman of Bertam Holdings PLC
and Lendu Holdings PLC.
A director of The North Australian
Pastoral Company Pty Limited.
Former chairman of The Association
of the International Rubber Trade.
Prior to joining the Group in 1988
he was a commodity broker with 
C Czarnikow Limited. 

Philip A Fletcher, FCA
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Appointed a director in 1987,
managing director in 1991 and
executive chairman between 1999
and 2005. Former executive director
of Bertam Holdings PLC and Lendu
Holdings PLC. Joined the Group in
1982 after his initial career in
accountancy with KPMG in London
and Sydney and in industry with the
Rio Tinto plc group. 

Tristan R J Price, MA MSC FCA
FINANCE DIRECTOR
Appointed a director in 2010.
Qualified as a Chartered Accountant
with Coopers & Lybrand. Worked in
the UK Diplomatic Service, and as
an economist at the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD). Prior to
joining the Group, he was head of
financial planning and policy at the
Foreign & Commonwealth Office.  

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

32

The Company will accept partial scrip elections for this
dividend, subject to such terms and conditions as it or
its registrar may require, but will not carry forward
partial election instructions for future payments.

To calculate the basis of the allotments, the Company
will use the average of the middle-market quotations
of the Company’s shares for the five business days
commencing on the ex-dividend date for the dividend
as derived from the London Stock Exchange Daily
Official List. The scrip-dividend scheme is conditional
on the directors allotting the necessary new shares for
the purposes of section 551 of the Companies Act
2006 and the admission of the new shares allotted to
trading on the AIM market of the London Stock
Exchange. The scrip-dividend scheme is operated
with the authority of the resolution passed at the
Company’s annual general meeting in 2010 (which is
valid for five years). The scheme is subject to the
terms and conditions set out in the circular to
shareholders dated 14 May 2010 and available 
on the Company’s website 

(www.mpevans.co.uk/en/investors/dividends) and

may be amended, suspended or terminated at the

discretion of the board without notice.

SHARE CAPITAL

The Company has one class of share. Details of the

issued share capital of the Company are as follows:

SHARES OF 10P EACH

Issued (fully-paid and voting) capital
at 1 January 2012                                               54,021,901

Share options exercised

26 April 2012                                                             10,000

6 July 2012                                                               686,880

6 December 2012                                                      63,496

Shares issued in lieu of a cash dividend

21 June 2012                                                              65,980

5 November 2012                                                      23,145

Issued (fully-paid and voting) capital
at 31 December 2012                                        54,871,402

Konrad P Legg
SENIOR INDEPENDENT NON-EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR
Appointed a director in 1987.
Director of Coburg Group PLC. A
former non-executive director of
Lendu Holdings PLC. Chairman 
of the audit and remuneration
committees. 

Richard M Robinow
INDEPENDENT NON-EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR
Appointed a director in 1999 and
chairman from 2005 to 2009.
Chairman of R.E.A. Holdings PLC
and a non-executive director of the
Belgian plantation group, SA SIPEF
NV. Member of the audit and
remuneration committees.  

J Derek Shaw, FRAgS
INDEPENDENT NON-EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR
Appointed a director in 2005. A
director of The North Australian
Pastoral Company Pty Limited.
Former chairman of Linden Foods
Limited and former chairman and
founder of the Australian cotton
producer, Colly Farms Cotton
Limited. Former non-executive
deputy chairman of Lendu Holdings
PLC. Member of the audit and
remuneration committees. 

33

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Report of the directors

CONTINUED

DIRECTORS AND DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

The present membership of the board, all of whom

served throughout the year is detailed on pages 32

and 33. Messrs Price, Legg and Robinow will retire

from the board at the forthcoming annual general

meeting in accordance with the articles of association

and, being eligible, offer themselves for re-election.

The directors serving at the end of the year, together with

their interests at the beginning and end of the year, in the

shares of 10p each in the Company, were as follows:-

                                                                                    NON-                           
AT 31 DECEMBER 2012           BENEFICIAL       BENEFICIAL            OPTIONS

P E Hadsley-Chaplin       1,311,717        25,000          26,895
P A Fletcher                      978,171        51,361          26,895
T R J Price                                   —                —        200,000
K P Legg                           604,139                —                 —
R M Robinow                     96,147                —                 —
J D Shaw                           490,747                —                 —

AT 1 JANUARY 2012

P E Hadsley-Chaplin       1,185,777        25,000        370,335

P A Fletcher                      845,100        51,361        370,335

T R J Price                                   —                —        150,000
K P Legg                           598,228        22,412                 —

R M Robinow                     42,086                —                 —

J D Shaw                           550,747                —                 —

Further details of the directors’ interests in share

options are disclosed in the report of the board to the

shareholders on directors’ remuneration, on page 40. 

None of the directors holds any beneficial interest in, or

holds options to buy shares in, any subsidiary

undertaking of the Company as at the date of this report.

No director has had a material interest in any contract

of significance in relation to the business of the

Company, or any of its subsidiary undertakings,

during the financial year or had such an interest at the

end of the financial year.

As permitted by the Company's articles of association,

there was throughout the year to 31 December 2012

and is at the date of this report, a qualifying third-

party indemnity provision, as defined in section 236

of the Companies Act 2006 in force for the benefit of

the directors.

SUBSTANTIAL INTERESTS
The following substantial interests have been
disclosed to the Company as at the date of this report:

                                                                                      SHARES                   %

Direct interests
Alcatel Bell Pensioenfonds VZW          5,793,497        10.56
JP Morgan Fleming Mercantile
Investment Trust Plc                              3,464,957          6.31
M M Hadsley-Chaplin                          1,892,254          3.45

Indirect interests
Aberdeen Asset Management PLC        8,251,770        15.04
Invesco Limited                                    2,056,436          3.75

AUTHORITY TO ALLOT SHARES
At the annual general meeting a general authority is
being sought, under resolution 8, for the directors to
allot shares up to a maximum nominal amount of
£1,829,047, which represents 33.33% of the
Company’s issued share capital. The Company does
not currently hold any shares as treasury shares within
the meaning of section 724 of the Companies Act
2006. It is also proposed, under resolution 9, to
empower the directors to allot equity securities for
cash pursuant to this general authority (and to sell any
treasury shares which it may acquire for cash)
otherwise than in accordance with shareholders’
statutory pre-emption rights so as to deal with
practical problems arising in connection with rights
issues or otherwise up to an aggregate nominal
amount of £274,357, representing 5% of the
Company’s issued share capital. The directors do not
have any present intention of using the authorities
sought under resolutions 8 and 9. These authorities
will lapse on 30 June 2014 or, if earlier, the date of
the Company's next annual general meeting.

AUTHORITY TO MAKE MARKET PURCHASES 
OF SHARES
The directors propose to seek authority under
resolution 10 for the Company to purchase its own
shares on the AIM Market of the London Stock
Exchange until 30 June 2014 or, if earlier, the date of
the Company's next annual general meeting. The
authority will give the directors flexibility to purchase
the Company’s shares as and when they consider it
appropriate. The board will only exercise the power
of purchase when satisfied that it is in the best
interests of the Company so to do and all such

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

34

purchases will be market purchases made through the
AIM Market of the London Stock Exchange. 
The directors would only consider making purchases
if they believed that the earnings or net assets 
per share of the Company would be improved by
such purchases. The directors would consider holding
the Company’s own shares which had been
purchased by the Company as treasury shares as this
would give the Company the flexibility of being able
to sell such shares quickly and effectively where it
considers it in the interests of shareholders so to do.
Whilst any such shares are held in treasury, no
dividends will be payable on them and they will not
carry any voting rights.

Resolution 10 set out in the notice of the annual
general meeting will accordingly be proposed to
authorise the purchase of up to a maximum of
5,487,140 shares, on the AIM Market of the London
Stock Exchange, representing 10% of the Company’s
current issued share capital. The maximum price
which may be paid for a share on any exercise of the
authority will be restricted to 5% above the average of
the middle-market quotations for such shares as
derived from the Daily Official List of the London
Stock Exchange for the five business days before the
purchase is made. The maximum number of shares
and the price range are stated for the purpose of
compliance with statutory requirements in seeking
this authority and should not be taken as an
indication of the level of purchases, or the prices
thereof, that the Company would intend to make.

The authority conferred by resolution 10 will lapse on
30 June 2014 or, if earlier, the date of the Company’s
next annual general meeting.

As at the date of this report there were options to
subscribe for 383,790 shares outstanding under the
executive share-option schemes. If all of the options
were exercised, the resulting number of shares would
represent (a) 0.69% of the enlarged issued share
capital at that date; and (b) 0.77% of the enlarged
issued equity share capital at that date if the proposed
authority to purchase shares was exercised in full
(excluding any share capital which may be purchased
and held in treasury).

PAYMENTS TO SUPPLIERS

It is the Group’s normal practice to make payments to
suppliers in line with agreed terms, provided that the
supplier has performed in accordance with the

relevant terms and conditions. The Group’s average
creditor days calculated as at 31 December 2012
amounted to 41 days (2011 - 39 days).

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Details of the Group’s financial instruments, and the
board’s policy with regard to their use, are given in
note 30 to the consolidated financial statements on
pages 68 and 69.

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual
report and the financial statements in accordance
with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare
financial statements for each financial year. Under
that law the directors have prepared the Group
financial statements in accordance with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by
the European Union and the parent-Company
financial statements in accordance with United
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practices
(United Kingdom Accounting Standards and
applicable law).  Under company law the directors
must not approve the financial statements unless they
are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the
state of affairs of the Group and the Company and of
the profit or loss of the Group for that period.  In
preparing these financial statements, the directors are
required to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply
them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that
are reasonable and prudent;

state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the
European Union and applicable United Kingdom
accounting standards have been followed, subject
to any material departures disclosed and explained
in the Group’s and parent-Company’s financial
statements respectively;

prepare the financial statements on the going-
concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume
that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate
accounting records that are sufficient to show and
explain the Company’s transactions and disclose with
reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position
of the Company and enable them to ensure that the

35

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Report of the directors

CONTINUED

financial statements comply with the Companies Act
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the
assets of the Company and the Group and hence for
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and
detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and
integrity of the Company’s website. Legislation in the
United Kingdom governing the preparation and
dissemination of financial statements may differ from
legislation in other jurisdictions.  

GOING CONCERN

so far as he is aware, there is no relevant audit
information of which the Company's auditors are
unaware; and

he has taken all the steps that he ought to have
taken as a director in order to make himself aware
of any relevant audit information and to establish
that the Company's auditors are aware of that
information.

This confirmation is given and should be interpreted
in accordance with the provisions of section 418(2) of
the Companies Act 2006.

The board’s conclusions on adopting the going-
concern basis for preparing the financial statements
are set out in the report on corporate governance on
page 38 and are incorporated in this report by
reference.

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, have
expressed their willingness to continue in office and a
resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed at the
forthcoming annual general meeting.

POST-BALANCE-SHEET EVENTS

There are no post-balance-sheet events.

Approved by the board of directors

and signed on its behalf

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

Each person who is a director at the date of approval
of this report confirms that:

C Hayes Secretary

24 April 2013 

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

36

Corporate governance

The board recognises the importance of a sound
system of internal control and of continuing to
conduct the Group’s affairs according to good
corporate-governance principles. An explanation of
how the Group has applied the principles is set out
below. 

1 DIRECTORS
The details of the Company’s board, together with the
audit and remuneration committees, are set out on
pages 32 and 33.  The board comprises an executive
chairman, two further executive directors and three
non-executive directors, one of whom chairs the audit
and remuneration committees. This structure is
designed to ensure that there is a clear balance of
responsibilities between the executive and the non-
executive functions. The board meets at least
quarterly and is provided with information which
includes executive operating reports, management
accounts and budgets. All of the executive directors
and non-executive directors attended each of the five
full board meetings held in 2012, with the exception
of Richard Robinow who was unable to attend the
meeting on 11 September 2012. Each executive
director, and non-executive director with less than
nine years’ tenure, retires and must seek re-election at
least every three years. Thereafter, directors will offer
themselves for re-election at each year’s annual
general meeting.

The board reserves to itself a range of key decisions to
ensure it retains proper direction and control of the
Company, whilst delegating authority to individual
directors who are responsible for the day-to-day
management of the business. All major and strategic
decisions of the Company are made in the United
Kingdom. The executive and non-executive directors
have discussions on an informal yet frequent basis to
discuss progress against budget and business issues.

2 INDEPENDENCE AND ELECTION OF A DIRECTOR
The board considers Mr Shaw to be independent and
also considers Messrs Legg and Robinow to be
independent, notwithstanding their length of service.
The board is seeking to enhance the independence of
its non-executive directors by the proposed
appointment of Mr J.M.Green-Armytage at the
forthcoming annual general meeting.

This appointment was considered by the full board.
The board determined that the individual appointed
to the position should have a good understanding of

matters affecting UK quoted companies, experience
relevant to the Group’s activities and a knowledge of
South East Asia. The board concluded that the
combination of these requirements was not suited to
the use of a recruitment consultant and so compiled
its own shortlist of candidates considered to have the
required skills and experience, from which Mr Green-
Armytage was chosen.

3 DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION AND APPOINTMENT
As set out in the report on page 39, the remuneration of
the executive directors is determined by the
remuneration committee whilst that of the non-
executives is determined by the whole board. The
committee met three times during 2012 and each
meeting was attended by all the members.

The Company does not currently have a nominations
committee. Owing to the size of the board, it is
considered inappropriate to establish such a committee
at this time. Any new appointments to the board are
discussed at a full board meeting and each member of
the board is given the opportunity to meet the individual
concerned prior to an appointment being made. 

4 RELATIONS WITH SHAREHOLDERS
The Company attaches importance to effective
communications with its institutional and private
shareholders. All shareholders have at least twenty-
one clear days’ notice of the annual general meeting
at which all of the directors, including the chairman
of the committees, are normally available for
questions.  Comments and questions from
shareholders are encouraged at the meeting.  The
annual report, interim report and analysts’
presentations are all available on the Group’s website
(www.mpevans.co.uk) and through an “app” that is
available for users to download for free. The
executive directors regularly make themselves
available to analysts following the Company, and
have face-to-face meetings to answer questions about
the Company’s operations and reported results. There
is a regular programme of meetings and telephone
conferences with major shareholders.

5 ACCOUNTABILITY 

a) Financial reporting
A detailed review of the performance and financial
position of the Group is included in the chairman’s
statement and the review of 2012. The board uses
these and the report of the directors to present a

37

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Corporate governance

CONTINUED

balanced and understandable assessment of the
Group’s position and prospects. The directors’
responsibility for the financial statements is described
on pages 35 and 36.

b) Risk management
The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for
the Group’s system of risk management. Such a
system can provide reasonable, but not absolute,
assurance against material misstatement or loss. 
A review of the process of risk identification,
evaluation and management is carried out regularly
and presented to the board for discussion and
approval. In summary this is reported on pages 24 to
26.

The review process considers the control environment
and the major business risks faced by the Group. 
Such risks include, but are not limited to:-

the risks of operating in Indonesia;

the geographical distance between the head office
and area of operation;

protection of the environment; 

the relationship with local populations where the
Group has operations; 

the relationship with local partners;

security of liquid funds;

commodity-price fluctuation;

exchange-rate fluctuation; and

weather and natural disasters.

Important control procedures, in addition to the day-
to-day supervision of holding-company business,
include regular executive visits to the areas of
operation of the Group and of its associates,
comparison of operating performance and monthly
management accounts with plans and budgets,
application of authorisation limits, internal audit of
subsidiary undertakings and frequent communication
with local management.

c) Going-concern basis
The Group's operations are funded through a
combination of long-term equity capital, cash
resources, long-term loans and an overdraft. 

The board has undertaken a recent review of the
Group's current financial position, forecasts, associated
risks and sensitivities.  This review was conducted in
the light of the board's current plans for the
development of the Group's business which
incorporates the planting expenditure in Indonesia on
the areas noted in the review of 2012 on pages 12 to

17.  The forecasts indicate that the Group will have
sufficient resources to meet its obligations as they fall
due with the use of existing facilities, some of which
are renewable annually (see note 22 on page 63). The
directors know of no reason why these facilities should
not be extended on the prescribed review dates.

The board has concluded that, given the current level
of cash resources in the Group, the level of existing
borrowings and the facilities agreed in April 2010 and
March 2011, the Group is expected to be able to
continue in operational existence for the foreseeable
future, being a period of at least 12 months from the
date of the approval of the financial statements.  
As a result, the board has concluded that the going-
concern basis continues to be appropriate in
preparing the financial statements.

6 AUDIT COMMITTEE
The audit committee is formally constituted with
written terms of reference and is chaired by Mr K P
Legg; the other members are Messrs R M Robinow
and J D Shaw. All served throughout the year. The
executive directors are not members of the committee
but can be invited to attend its meetings. The auditors
of the Group may also attend part or all of each
meeting and they have direct access to the committee
for independent discussions, without the presence of
the executive directors. The committee met twice
during 2012 and each meeting was attended by all of
the members.

The audit committee may examine any matters
relating to the financial affairs of the Group or the
Group’s audit; this includes reviews of the annual
accounts and announcements, accounting policies,
compliance with accounting standards, the
appointment and fees of auditors and such other
related matters as the board may require.

The Group’s auditors have provided only audit
services, other than a small amount of tax advice in the
UK and Malaysia, as well as preparing a short financial
management report to an associated company.

The audit committee meets the external auditor to
consider audit planning and the results of the external
audit. The committee specifically considered the
scope of the Group auditor’s engagement and agreed
the significant risks for the audit of the 2012 results.
The external auditor performs minimal services for the
Group other than the external audit, and so the board
does not consider there to be a risk that the provision
of non-audit services may compromise the external
auditors’ independence.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

38

Report of the board to the shareholders
on directors’ remuneration

The remuneration committee keeps under review the
remuneration and terms of employment of the
executive directors and recommends such
remuneration and terms, and changes therein, to the
board. The committee comprises all of the non-
executive directors and is chaired by Mr K P Legg. 

SERVICE CONTRACTS

All of the executive directors have service contracts
with the Company. These contracts continue until
terminated by either party giving not less than one
year’s notice in writing. The non-executive directors
do not have service contracts or provisions for pre-
determined compensation on termination of their
appointment.

REMUNERATION POLICY
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
The remuneration of the executive directors is
determined by the remuneration committee in
accordance with both the level of responsibility

undertaken and equivalent remuneration of
executives of a similar standing in the U.K., where
their responsibilities are primarily undertaken. The
committee has sanctioned appropriate incentives by
means of share options with a view to aligning the
interests of these three executives with those of the
shareholders. Non-pensionable bonuses may be
awarded annually in arrears at the discretion of the
committee, taking account of the performance of the
Group during the period and other targeted
objectives. Bonuses do not exceed four months’
salary.

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

The fees of the non-executive directors are
determined by the board. 

TOTAL DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION

The total amount of directors’ remuneration for the
year ended 31 December 2012 was as follows:-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           TOTAL                      TOTAL
                                                                                                         SALARY           BENEFITS    SALARY IN LIEU           PENSION      REMUNERATION      REMUNERATION
                                                                                                      AND FEES            IN KIND         OF PENSION               COSTS                         2012                         2011
                                                                                                                  £                        £                           £                        £                               £                               £

Executive directors
P E Hadsley-Chaplin                                            126,000        20,141           16,147          3,675           165,963           161,430
P A Fletcher                                                         210,000        38,972           26,911          6,125           282,008           277,889
T R J Price                                                           148,500        17,873                  —        18,563           184,936           166,513
O D Wilkinson                                                             —                —                  —                —                     —            110,937

                                                                           484,500        76,986           43,058        28,363           632,907           716,769

Non-executive directors
K P Legg                                                                27,650                —                  —                —             27,650             26,300
R M Robinow                                                        23,750                —                  —                —             23,750             22,600
J D Shaw                                                               33,950                —                  —                —             33,950             37,300

                                                                             85,350                —                  —                —             85,350             86,200

Total                                                                    569,850        76,986           43,058        28,363           718,257           802,969

Gains on exercise of share options
P E Hadsley-Chaplin                                                                                                                              1,203,616           914,991
P A Fletcher                                                                                                                                           1,193,606           798,178

Total                                                                                                                                                     2,397,222        1,713,169

Grand total                                                                                                                                           3,115,479        2,516,138

NOTES

1. The pension costs for Messrs Hadsley-Chaplin, Fletcher and Price set out above are the contributions made by the

Company to Company-sponsored Self-Invested Personal Pensions (“SIPPs”) as described below.  Pension contributions
for Messrs Hadsley-Chaplin and Fletcher ceased at 29 February 2012 and salaries in lieu of pension (net of employer’s
National Insurance contributions) were paid from 1 March 2012 onwards.

2. No long-term incentives, other than the share options described below, have been awarded to directors.

3.

Fees for Mr K P Legg were paid to a third party.

39

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Report of the board to the shareholders 
on directors’ remuneration

CONTINUED

EXECUTIVE SHARE-OPTION SCHEMES

The executive directors are members of executive
share-option schemes which were established in 2001
and 2012 under which options to subscribe for shares
in the Company may be granted to selected
employees.  No further options can be granted under
the schemes established in 2001.  As at 31 December
2012, options over 253,790 (2011 - 954,166) shares
granted to executive directors remain outstanding.
These were granted to the executive directors between
2 February 2005 and 19 June 2012. During the year,
686,880 (2011 - 561,465) options granted to directors
were exercised and none (2011 - none) lapsed.  

Number of shares under option

No performance criteria are attached to the options
and no options are held by the non-executive
directors. At 31 December 2012 the middle-market
quotation for the Company’s shares, as derived from
the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List, was
487.50p, as compared with the high and low
quotations for the year of 553.75p and 431.00p
respectively.

Details of the options held over shares of the
Company by the executive directors during the year
ended 31 December 2012 are set out in the table
below:-

                                            BALANCE AT                                                          BALANCE AT                                   MARKET                                               DATE FROM                                 
                                              1 JANUARY         GRANTED         EXERCISED     31 DECEMBER         EXERCISE    PRICE WHEN                  DATE OF    WHICH NORMALLY                      EXPIRY
                                                        2012     IN THE YEAR     IN THE YEAR                   2012              PRICE       EXERCISED               OF GRANT     FIRST EXERCISABLE                        DATE

P E Hadsley-Chaplin    200,000               —      200,000                 —    126.50p          505p     2 May 2003       2 May 2006      2 May 2013
                                   143,440               —      143,440                 —    138.04p          505p      2 Feb 2005*      2 May 2006      2 May 2013
                                     26,895               —                —         26,895    158.95p               —      2 Feb 2005*      4 May 2007      4 May 2014

                                   370,335               —      343,440         26,895                 

P A Fletcher                 200,000               —      200,000                 —    126.50p          505p     2 May 2003       2 May 2006      2 May 2013
                                   143,440               —      143,440                 —    138.04p          505p      2 Feb 2005*      2 May 2006      2 May 2013
                                     26,895               —                —         26,895    158.95p               —      2 Feb 2005*      4 May 2007      4 May 2014

                                   370,335               —      343,440         26,895

T R J Price                    75,000*               —                —         75,000    385.00p               —   16 Nov 2007     16 Nov 2010    16 Nov 2017
                                   75,000*               —                —         75,000    159.50p               —   24 Nov 2008      24 Nov 2011    24 Nov 2018
                                            —        50,000                —         50,000    483.21p               —     19 Jun 2012       19 Jun 2015     19 Jun 2022

                                   150,000        50,000                —       200,000

Total                            890,670        50,000      686,880       253,790

* Held on appointment at 1 January 2010.

PENSIONS

The Company sponsors self-invested personal

pensions (“SIPPs”) for the UK executive directors.

Contributions made by the Company to the SIPPs and

to a life-assurance company give the executives a

pension at retirement, a pension to a spouse payable

on death and life-assurance cover based on a multiple

of salary. The members contribute a minimum of 5%

salary, is pensionable. Individuals may elect to cease
contributions to the SIPP, in which case they receive
an additional salary paid in lieu of the employer’s
pension contributions. No contributions or equivalent
salary will be paid to directors beyond the age of 65.
Approved by the board of directors 
and signed on its behalf

of their pensionable salary to their SIPPs. No element

C Hayes Secretary

of a director’s-remuneration package, other than basic

24 April 2013

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

40

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Independent auditors’ report

TO THE MEMBERS OF M.P.EVANS GROUP PLC

We have audited the Group financial statements of
M.P. Evans Group PLC for the year ended 31
December 2012 which comprise the consolidated
income statement, the consolidated statement of
comprehensive income, the consolidated balance
sheet, the consolidated statement of changes in
equity, the consolidated cash-flow statement and the
related notes. The financial reporting framework that
has been applied in their preparation is applicable
law and International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union.

RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS 
AND AUDITORS
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’
Responsibilities set out on pages 35 and 36, the
directors are responsible for the preparation of the
financial statements and for being satisfied that they
give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit
and express an opinion on the financial statements in
accordance with applicable law and International
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those
standards require us to comply with the Auditing
Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors.

This report, including the opinions, has been prepared
for and only for the company’s members as a body in
accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the
Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose.  We
do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume
responsibility for any other purpose or to any other
person to whom this report is shown or into whose
hands it may come save where expressly agreed by
our prior consent in writing.

SCOPE OF THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements
sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the
financial statements are free from material
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This
includes an assessment of: whether the accounting
policies are appropriate to the Group’s circumstances
and have been consistently applied and adequately
disclosed; the reasonableness of significant
accounting estimates made by the directors; and the
overall presentation of the financial statements. In
addition, we read all the financial and non-financial
information in the annual report to identify material

inconsistencies with the audited financial statements.
If we become aware of any apparent material
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the
implications for our report.

OPINION ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

In our opinion the group financial statements: 

give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s
affairs as at 31 December 2012 and of its profit
and cash flows for the year then ended;

have been properly prepared in accordance with
IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; and 

have been prepared in accordance with the
requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

OPINION ON OTHER MATTER PRESCRIBED BY THE
COMPANIES ACT 2006

In our opinion the information given in the Report of
the Directors’ for the financial year for which the 
Group financial statements are prepared is consistent
with the Group financial statements.

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT
BY EXCEPTION

We have nothing to report in respect of the following
matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to
report to you if, in our opinion: 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration
specified by law are not made; or 

we have not received all the information and
explanations we require for our audit. 

OTHER MATTER 

We have reported separately on the parent company
financial statements of M.P. Evans Group PLC for the
year ended 31 December 2012. 

Simon O’Brien (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors,
London

24 April 2013

41

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Consolidated income statement

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                   RESULT BEFORE                                                                        RESULT BEFORE                                                            
                                                                                                        BIOLOGICAL         BIOLOGICAL          YEAR ENDED                BIOLOGICAL          BIOLOGICAL          YEAR ENDED
                                                                                                      BEARER-ASSET        BEARER-ASSET        31 DECEMBER              BEARER-ASSET        BEARER-ASSET        31 DECEMBER
                                                                                                      ADJUSTMENT *       ADJUSTMENT *                     2012               ADJUSTMENT *       ADJUSTMENT *                      2011
                                                                                     NOTE                 US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000                        US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000

Revenue                                             4       83,213               —       83,213           57,756               —       57,756
Cost of sales                                               (62,893)        2,715      (60,178)         (33,636)        1,799      (31,837)

Gross profit                                        4       20,320         2,715       23,035           24,120         1,799       25,919

Gain on biological assets                  13               —       11,907       11,907                   —       17,936       17,936
Planting expenditure                                           —        (9,784)       (9,784)                 —      (15,619)     (15,619)

Foreign-exchange (losses)/gains          4        (1,761)              —        (1,761)               528               —            528
Other administrative expenses           4        (4,292)              —        (4,292)           (2,470)          (230)       (2,700)
Other income                                     4              17               —              17                143               —            143

Operating profit                                         14,284         4,838       19,122           22,321         3,886       26,207

Finance income                               4,6         1,338               —         1,338             1,078               —         1,078
Finance costs                                   4,7        (3,437)          (323)       (3,760)           (2,361)          (574)       (2,935)

Group-controlled profit
before tax                                          8       12,185         4,515       16,700           21,038         3,312       24,350
Tax on profit on
ordinary activities                           4,9        (4,791)       (1,239)       (6,030)           (8,450)          (842)       (9,292)

Group-controlled
profit after tax                                              7,394         3,276       10,670           12,588         2,470       15,058

Share of associated companies’
profit/(loss) after tax                       4, 15       10,902             (20)      10,882           21,809         2,829       24,638

Profit for the year                                       18,296         3,256       21,552           34,397         5,299       39,696

Attributable to:

Owners of M. P. Evans Group PLC               15,070         2,615       17,685           30,340         5,182       35,522
Minority interests                                          3,226            641         3,867             4,057             117         4,174

                                                                  18,296         3,256       21,552           34,397         5,299       39,696

                                                                                                     US CENTS                                       US CENTS                  US CENTS                                       US CENTS

Basic earnings per 10p share            11         27.70                            32.51             56.71                            66.39
Diluted earnings per 10p share        11         27.65                            32.44             56.06                            65.64

* Non-statutory column (see note 13)

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

42

Consolidated statement
of comprehensive income

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2012                           2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   US$’000                     US$’000

Other comprehensive (expense)/income

Previously unrealised profit on sale of land to associated undertaking released
to the consolidated income statement on sale of that land by the associate                              (137)                 (54)

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations                                                        295                  (70)

Other comprehensive expense                                                                                                (192)                  —

Other comprehensive expense (net of tax) for the year                                                              (34)               (124)

Profit for the year                                                                                                                21,552            39,696

Total comprehensive income                                                                                              21,518            39,572

Attributable to:

Owners of M. P. Evans Group PLC                                                                                       17,651            35,398

Minority interests                                                                                                                  3,867              4,174

                                                                                                                                          21,518            39,572

43

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
Consolidated balance sheet

At 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                                BEFORE                                                                                     BEFORE                                                            
                                                                                                        BIOLOGICAL         BIOLOGICAL                                              BIOLOGICAL          BIOLOGICAL                              
                                                                                                      BEARER-ASSET        BEARER-ASSET        31 DECEMBER              BEARER-ASSET        BEARER-ASSET        31 DECEMBER
                                                                                                      ADJUSTMENT *       ADJUSTMENT *                     2012               ADJUSTMENT *       ADJUSTMENT *                     2011
                                                                                     NOTE                 US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000                        US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000

12

13

14

15

16

23

19

17

18

19

20,23

4

20, 22

21

22

24

25

4

26

28

28

Non-current assets
Goodwill
Biological assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investments in associates
Investments
Deferred-tax asset
Non current receivables

Current assets
Biological assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Current-tax asset
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Current liabilities
Borrowings
Trade and other payables
Current-tax liability

Net current assets

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Deferred-tax liability
Retirement-benefit obligations 

Total liabilities

Net assets

Equity
Share capital
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Equity attributable to the owners
of M.P. Evans Group PLC

Minority interests

Total equity

* Non-statutory column (see note 13)

1,157

—
— 139,335

1,157
139,335
(72,617) 107,362
130,743
25,613
109
—
6,454
—
—
—

179,979
105,130
109
6,454
—

—
— 127,428
(65,670)
25,633
—
—

1,157

161,700
106,026
145
2,808
2,189

1,157
127,428
96,030
131,659
145
2,808
2,189

292,829

92,331

385,160

274,025

87,391

361,416

4,594
9,664
14,325
1,477
54,757

84,817

—
(447)

4,594
9,217
— 14,325
—
1,477
— 54,757

(447)

84,370

9,878
8,582
14,439
6,300
52,755

91,954

9,878
—
—
8,582
— 14,439
—
6,300
— 52,755

— 91,954

377,646

91,884

469,530

365,979

87,391

453,370

25,458
14,797
1,541

41,796

43,021

31,423
2,514
4,230

38,167

— 25,458
— 14,797
1,541
—

— 41,796

(447)

42,574

— 31,423
19,193
4,230

16,679
—

16,679

54,846

25,255
14,814
4,322

44,391

47,563

31,450
3,213
2,963

37,626

— 25,255
— 14,814
4,322
—

— 44,391

— 47,563

— 31,450
18,653
2,963

15,440
—

15,440

53,066

79,963

16,679

96,642

82,017

15,440

97,457

297,683

75,205

372,888

283,962

71,951

355,913

9,227
83,133
191,734

—
25,613
41,376

9,227
108,746
233,110

9,093
84,320
180,187

—
25,633
38,742

9,093
109,953
218,929

284,094

66,989

351,083

273,600

64,375

337,975

13,589

8,216

21,805

10,362

7,576

17,938

297,683

75,205

372,888

283,962

71,951

355,913

The financial statements on pages 42 to 69 were approved by the board of directors
on 24 April 2013 and signed on its behalf

Tristan Price  Philip Fletcher

Directors

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

44

Consolidated statement
of changes in equity

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                                                           SHARE                   OTHER              RETAINED                                           MINORITY                    TOTAL

                                                                                                                                        CAPITAL               RESERVES             EARNINGS                    TOTAL              INTERESTS                  EQUITY
NOTE             US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000                 US$’000

Profit for the year

— 10,882

6,803

17,685

3,867

21,552

Other comprehensive (expense)/income for the year

—

(187)

153

(34)

—

(34)

Total comprehensive income for the year

— 10,695

6,956

17,651

3,867

21,518

Issue of share capital

Dividends

Credit to equity for equity-settled
share-based payments

Transactions with owners

At 1 January 2012

At 31 December 2012

Profit for the year

134

2,162

—

2,296

— (13,755)

6,893

(6,862)

—

(309)

332

23

134

(11,902)

7,225

(4,543)

—

—

—

—

2,296

(6,862)

23

(4,543)

9,093

109,953

218,929

337,975

17,938

355,913

9,227

108,746

233,110

351,083

21,805

372,888

10

28

— 24,638

10,884

35,522

4,174

39,696

Other comprehensive income for the year

—

965

(1,089)

(124)

—

(124)

Total comprehensive income for the year

— 25,603

9,795

35,398

4,174

39,572

Issue of share capital

Dividends

Credit to equity for equity-settled
share-based payments

Transactions with owners

At 1 January 2011

At 31 December 2011

106

1,477

—

1,583

—

1,583

— (22,206)

15,594

(6,612)

(1,000)

(7,612)

—

26

2

28

—

28

106

(20,703)

15,596

(5,001)

(1,000)

(6,001)

8,987

105,053

193,538

307,578

14,764

322,342

9,093

109,953

218,929

337,975

17,938

355,913

10

28

45

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Consolidated cash-flow statement

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                                                                                                                              YEAR ENDED                 YEAR ENDED
                                                                                                                                                                                                             31 DECEMBER                31 DECEMBER
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2012                           2011
                                                                                                                                                                                 NOTE                          US$’000                     US$’000

Net cash generated by operating activities                                                       29                        33,897            48,339

Investing activities

Interest received                                                                                                 6                           1,338              1,078

Proceeds on disposal of assets                                                                                                             239                 598

Purchase of property, plant and equipment                                                       14                      (18,540)          (31,789)

Planting expenditure                                                                                                                     (9,784)          (15,619)

Net cash used by investing activities                                                                                         (26,747)          (45,732)

Financing activities

Dividends paid to Company shareholders                                                         10                         (6,151)            (6,064)

Repayment of borrowings                                                                                                             (1,323)                  —

Proceeds on issue of shares                                                                               26                           1,586              1,034

Dividend paid to minorities                                                                                                                    —             (1,000)

Loan drawdown                                                                                                22                               310            20,921

Net cash (used)/generated by financing activities                                                                        (5,578)           14,891

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents                                                                                      1,572            17,498

Net cash and cash equivalents at 1 January                                                                                 27,500            10,144

Effect of foreign-exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents                                                            227                (142)

Net cash and cash equivalents at 31 December                                               20                        29,299            27,500

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

46

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 1 General information

M.P. Evans Group PLC is incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006 and listed on the London Stock
Exchange’s Alternative Investment Market (“AIM”). The address of its registered office is given on page 80.  The nature of the
Group’s operations and its principal activities is set out in note 4 and in the review of operations on pages 12  to 26.  The
Group is domiciled in the UK.

The functional currency of M.P. Evans Group PLC, determined under IAS 21, is the US Dollar. Likewise, the functional currency
of subsidiaries operating in the palm-oil sector is the US Dollar. The functional currency of Group companies operating in the
beef-cattle and property-development sectors is the local currency.

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has elected not to present its own profit and loss
account for the year.  M. P. Evans Group PLC reported a profit for the financial year ended 31 December 2012 of
US$10,202,000 (2011 US$15,195,000).

By virtue of Section 479A of The Companies Act 2006, the following subsidiaries are exempt from the requirement to have an
audit and prepare individual accounts:

Lendu (UK) Limited; Sungkai Estates Limited; Supara Investments Limited; and The Singapore Para Rubber Estates, Limited.

NOTE 2 Adoption of new and revised accounting standards

(a) New and amended standards adopted by the Group

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after 
1 January 2012 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.

(b) New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning

1 January 2011 and not adopted early

IAS 1 (amendment), 'Financial statement presentation' (effective 1 July 2012). This amendment changes the disclosure of
items presented in other comprehensive income (OCI) in the statement of comprehensive income. The amendment does
not have a material impact on the consolidated financial information. 

IAS 12 (amendment), ‘Income taxes’ on deferred taxes (effective 1 January 2013). This amendment introduces an exception
to the existing principle for the measurement of deferred tax assets or liabilities arising on investment property measured at
fair value. The amendment does not have a material impact on the combined financial information. 

IAS 19, (revised 2011), 'Employee benefits' (effective 1 January 2013). This amendment makes significant changes to the
recognition and measurement of defined benefit pension expense and termination benefits, and to the disclosures for all
employee benefits. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial information.   

IFRS 7 (amendment), 'Financial instruments – Disclosures' on asset and liability offsetting (effective 1 January 2013). This
amendment includes new disclosures to facilitate comparison between those entities that prepare IFRS financial statements
to those that prepare financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. The amendment does not have a material impact
on the consolidated financial information. 

IFRS 13 'Fair value measurement' (effective 1 January 2013). This standard aims to improve consistency and reduce
complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure
requirements for use across IFRSs. The standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial information. 

Annual improvements 2011 (effective 1 January 2013). These annual improvements include changes to IFRS 1, IAS 1, IAS
16, IAS 32 and IAS 34. These amendments did not have material impact on the consolidated financial information.   

IAS 27 (revised 2011), 'Separate financial statements' (effective 1 January 2014). This clarifies that the consequential
amendments from IAS 27 to IAS 21 ‘The effect of changes in foreign exchanges rates’, IAS 28 ‘Investments in associates’,
and IAS 31 ‘Interests in joint ventures’, apply prospectively for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009. The
amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial information.   

IAS 28 (revised 2011), 'Investments in associates and joint ventures' (effective 1 January 2014). This standard includes the
requirements for joint ventures, as well as associates, to be equity accounted following the issue of IFRS 11. The
amendment is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial information.   

IAS 32 (amendment), 'Financial instruments – Presentation' on asset and liability offsetting (effective 1 January 2014). This
amendment clarifies some of the requirements for offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities on the balance sheet.
The Group is yet to assess the impact of IAS 39 on its consolidated financial information.

47

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 2 Adoption of new and revised accounting standards

CONTINUED

IFRS 10 'Consolidated financial statements' (effective 1 January 2014). This standard builds on existing principles by identifying
the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial
statements. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in determining control where this is difficult to assess. This new
standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidation of subsidiaries. 

IFRS 11 'Joint arrangements' (effective 1 January 2014). This standard provides for a more realistic reflection of joint
arrangements by focusing on the rights and obligations of the arrangement, rather than its legal form. There are two types of
joint arrangements: joint operations and joint ventures. Proportional consolidation of joint ventures is no longer allowed. The
standard is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial information, as the Group has historically
applied equity method to account for its joint venture interests. 

IFRS 12 'Disclosure of interests in other entities' (effective 1 January 2014). This standard includes the disclosure requirements
for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off
balance sheet vehicles. The Group is yet to assess the impact of IFRS 12 on the consolidated financial information.  

Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 (effective 1 January 2014). These amendments provide additional transition relief
to IFRSs 10, 11 and 12, limiting the requirement to provide adjusted comparative information to only the preceding
comparative period. These amendments are not expected to have material impact on the consolidated financial information.   

IFRS 9 'Financial instruments', on 'Classification and measurement' (effective 1 January 2015). This is the first part of a new
standard on classification and measurement of financial assets that will replace IAS 39. IFRS 9 has two measurement categories:
amortised cost and fair value. All equity instruments are measured at fair value. A debt instrument is at amortised cost only if the
entity is holding it to collect contractual cash flows and the cash flows represent principal and interest. Otherwise it is at fair
value through profit or loss. Amortised cost accounting will also be applicable for most financial liabilities, with bifurcation of
embedded derivatives. The main change is that in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a
fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income
statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. The Group is yet to assess the impact of IFRS 9 on its consolidated
financial information. 

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations which are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact
on the Group.

NOTE 3 Accounting policies

(a)   Accounting convention and basis of presentation

These financial statements have been prepared consistently under the historical-cost convention, as modified by the valuation
of biological assets and available-for-sale investments, and comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)
adopted by the European Union. The Group financial statements therefore comply with the AIM rules.

(b)   Going concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis. The directors have conducted a review of projected
cash flows from operations, investing and financing, concluding that the Group has sufficient funds projected to carry on its
business and its planned investment programme in the medium term. Furthermore, the Group has control over its main cash
expenditure, investment in its new estates and mills, which it can manage according to the resources available.   

(c)   Basis of consolidation

The Group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the Company and all of its subsidiaries, and equity
accounts for its associated undertakings.  The Group treats as subsidiaries those entities in which it has the power to determine
financial and operating policies.  All subsidiary and associated undertakings prepare their financial statements to 31 December.  
Where necessary, the financial statements of subsidiary and associated companies are adjusted prior to consolidation or equity
accounting to bring them into line with the Group’s accounting policies. All intra-Group transactions, balances, income and
expenses are eliminated on consolidation.  The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in
the consolidated income statement from or up to the effective point of acquisition or disposal.
Minority interests in the net assets of subsidiaries are separately identified.  They consist of minority interests at the date of
business combination, and the minority’s share of subsequent changes in equity.

(d)   Revenue

Revenue represents the value of crops, livestock and produce sold during the year, excluding sales taxes. Income is recognised
at the point of delivery.  Revenue in respect of construction contracts is recognised at the point the development is sold.
Investment income is taken into account by reference to the date on which it is declared payable.

(e)   Operating profit and exceptional items

The Group separately identifies gains and losses arising from significant asset disposals outside the ordinary course of business,
gains and losses arising from acquisition and disposal of shares in subsidiary and associated undertakings, and restructuring
costs.  However, these are included within operating profit.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

48

NOTE 3 Accounting policies CONTINUED

(f)    Retirement benefits

The Group operates a defined-contribution pension scheme. The pension charge represents the contributions payable by the
Group under the rules of the scheme. In Indonesia, as required by law, a lump sum is paid to employees on retirement or on
leaving the Group’s employment. This terminal benefit is accrued by the Group and charged to the income statement on the
basis of individuals’ service at the balance-sheet date.

(g)   Share-based payments

The Group issues equity-settled, share-based payments to certain employees.  Such share-based payments are measured at fair
value (excluding the effect of any non-market-based vesting conditions) at the date of grant.  The fair value determined at the
grant date of the equity-settled, share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the
Group’s estimate of shares that will eventually vest. Fair value is measured by use of the Black-Scholes model, based on
management’s best estimates.  At each balance-sheet date, the Group estimates the number of options it expects to vest.  Any
changes from the previous estimate are recognised in the income statement.

(h)   Goodwill

Goodwill arising on acquisition, representing any excess of the fair value of the consideration given over the fair value of the
identifiable assets and liabilities acquired, is ascribed to an operating subsidiary and capitalised, with provision being made for
any impairment.  Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually but, once made, provisions are not reversed.  “Negative
goodwill”, where the fair value of the assets acquired exceeds the fair value of the consideration given, is taken to the income
statement in the period in which it arises. 
Goodwill arising on acquisitions before the IFRS transition date has been retained at the amount determined under UK-GAAP
and is subjected to impairment testing at least annually. Negative goodwill on the acquisition of shares in the Group’s
Australian associated undertaking was eliminated on transition to IFRS. 

(i)    Biological assets

Biological gain or loss is measured in accordance with IAS 41 ‘Agriculture’ on two groups of bearer assets (oil-palm and rubber
plantations), and one consumer biological asset (beef cattle). The Group's only interest in rubber is through its associated
company, PT Agro Muko.  Bearer assets (the Group’s plantations), are non-current assets.  Consumer biological assets are
classified as current assets since the Group generally sells these assets within one year of the balance-sheet date.

(i)

Plantation
The Group has valued its biological assets on the basis of the discounted net present value of cash flows arising in
producing f.f.b. from oil palms, or latex from rubber trees. It values its biological assets on the basis of discounted cash
flows covering the assets’ expected 25-year economic life. Areas are included in the valuation once they are planted. The
valuation assumes that the concessions granted to exploit the land on which the biological assets are planted will be
renewed when they expire. No account is taken in the valuation of future re-planting. The Group estimates the future sales
value of its crop production using a long-term (20-year) average price.  Costs associated with planting of the Group’s
estates are shown as planting expenditure on the face of the income statement.

(ii) Beef cattle

Cattle are recorded as assets at the year end at fair value less selling costs, taking into account the location of the cattle.
The herd comprises breeding and non-breeding cattle. The breeding cattle comprise cows and bulls. The non-breeding
cattle comprise steers and heifers mainly between the age of 9 and 36 months that will be grown and sold on as either
grain-fed or grass-fed cattle. Bulls are included in the balance sheet at a directors' valuation based on recent purchases and
current market data. All other cattle are valued at an estimated weight multiplied by market price per kilogram.

(iii) Crops

The cost of forage crops is released to the income statement over the period during which they are consumed.

(iv) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised at the relevant local rate on the difference between the cost of biological assets and their
carrying value determined under IAS 41.

Within the consolidated income statement and balance sheet additional, non-statutory, columns have been inserted to show the
impact of recognising biological-bearer assets.  The biological-bearer-asset-adjustment column shows the impact of introducing
the valuation of the Group’s biological bearer assets, as well as its share of the equivalent asset recognised by associates, and
the related deferred taxation.

(j)    Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less depreciation.  Historical cost includes all expenditure incurred in
acquiring the asset.  Leasehold land in Indonesia is held on 30-year leases and is not depreciated as the leases can be renewed
without significant cost. Perpetual-leasehold land in Malaysia and freehold land in Australia are classified as freehold land,
which is not depreciated. Buildings and plant and equipment, other than construction in progress which is not depreciated, are
written off over their estimated useful lives at rates which vary between 3% and 50% per annum.   Estimated useful lives are
reviewed at each balance-sheet date.
The Group follows transitional arrangements made available under IFRS1 “First-time Adoption of International Financial
Reporting Standards”.  The fair value of Indonesian leases (hak guna usaha) held by the Group on 1 January 2006 is taken to be
their deemed cost.  

49

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 3 Accounting policies CONTINUED

(k)   Investments in associated companies

Undertakings over which the Group exerts significant influence through shareholdings and board membership are treated as
associated undertakings.  Investments in associated undertakings are held in the consolidated financial statements at fair value
under the equity method of accounting. The consolidated income statement includes the Group’s share of the profit or loss on
ordinary activities after taxation based on audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2012. In the
consolidated balance sheet, the investments in the associated undertakings are shown as the Group share of net assets at the
balance-sheet date, as adjusted for any associated goodwill.

(l)    Non-current assets held for sale

The Group treats assets as held for sale once the sale is considered highly probable and is expected to complete within 
12 months of the balance-sheet date. They are valued at the lower of fair value, and carrying value less costs to sell.

(m)  Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.  In the case of palm oil and rubber, cost represents the weighted-
average cost of production, including appropriate overheads.  Other inventories are valued on the basis of first in, first out.

(n)   Taxation

The tax charge for the year comprises current and deferred tax. The Group's current-tax asset or liability is calculated using tax
rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance-sheet date.
Deferred tax is accounted for using the balance-sheet-liability method, calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in
the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary
differences; deferred-tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which
deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is not provided on initial recognition of goodwill.
The Group recognises deferred-tax liabilities arising from taxable temporary differences on investments in subsidiaries and
associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the
temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The carrying amount of deferred-tax assets is reviewed at each
balance-sheet date.
Deferred-tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally-enforceable right to set off current-tax assets against current-
tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its
current-tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.

(o)   Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the Group’s balance sheet at fair value when the Group becomes a
party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS – the Group’s investments in unlisted shares (other than associated undertakings) are
classified as available for sale and stated at fair value, with gains and losses recognised directly in equity.  Fair value is the
directors’ estimate of sales proceeds less costs to sell at the balance-sheet date.
TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES – these represent amounts due from customers in the normal course of business, are not interest
bearing, and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts,
which are charged to the income statement.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – these include cash at hand, and deposits held with banks with original maturities of three months
or less.
BANK BORROWINGS – interest-bearing bank loans and overdrafts are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Finance charges are accounted for on an accruals basis in the income statement using the effective-interest-rate method.
TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES – these are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using
the effective-interest-rate method.
EQUITY INSTRUMENTS – equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

(p)   Foreign currencies

As set out in note 1, the functional currency of the parent Company and of subsidiaries operating in the palm-oil sector is the 
US Dollar. The functional currency of Group companies operating in the cattle and property-development sectors is the local
currency. Where relevant, results of all Group companies are translated for the purposes of consolidation into the Group's
presentation currency, the US Dollar. The monetary assets and liabilities of the Group's foreign operations are translated at
exchange rates on the balance-sheet date. Items in the income statement are translated at the average exchange rate for the period.
Exchange differences are recognised as a profit or loss of the period in which they arise except for exchange differences on
monetary items payable to foreign operations where settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur, in which case the
difference is recognised initially in other comprehensive income.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

50

NOTE 3 Accounting policies CONTINUED

(q)   Segmental reporting

Operating segments are consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating-decision maker. The chief
operating-decision maker, which is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, 
is the board.

(r)    Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of consolidated financial statements under IFRS requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the application of policies and reported amounts. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on
historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the
circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and assumptions which have the most significant
impact on the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are discussed below.

(i) Valuation of biological assets

The key assumptions underlying the valuation of the biological assets are set out in note 13. These assumptions are
reviewed at least annually. Sensitivity analysis on the impact of a variation in the palm-oil price and discount rate used in
the valuation is also shown in note 13.

(ii) Leasehold land in Indonesia

The directors have concluded that leasehold land in Indonesia should not be depreciated. Further information on this
policy is included in note 3(j).

(iii) Deferred tax on unremitted earnings

The Group's subsidiaries and associated undertakings hold a significant level of unremitted earnings. The directors have
concluded that no deferred-tax liability should be recognised in relation to these balances given the ability of the Group to
control the remittance of these earnings and the Group's operational plans for the relevant entity.  Further information on
the level of these reserves is disclosed in note 23.

(iv) Assets held for sale

The directors review the fair value of the Group's available-for-sale investments to confirm that such assets are recorded at
a value that does not exceed the fair value of the asset.

(v) Goodwill arising on acquisition of subsidiaries and associates

On acquisition of shares in subsidiary companies or associated undertakings, the directors compare the fair value of the
consideration given for the shares with the fair value of the assets acquired, including an estimation of the fair value of
property, plant and equipment, intangible fixed assets and biological assets. This comparison is used to establish the value
of goodwill or the excess of fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired over their cost.  

51

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 4 Segment information

The Group’s reportable segments follow the three areas of activity set out in the review of 2012.  These are distinguished by location
and product:  plantation crops (predominantly palm oil) in Indonesia, with a residual balance in Malaysia; cattle in Australia; and
property development in Malaysia.

2012                                                                                                            PLANTATION                                            CATTLE             PROPERTY             OTHER                 TOTAL

                                                                                                 INDONESIA           MALAYSIA                 TOTAL          AUSTRALIA              MALAYSIA                   UK

                                                                                                     US$’000              US$’000              US$’000               US$’000                 US$’000           US$’000              US$’000

Revenue                                                               76,814               292          77,106            6,061                   —              46          83,213*

Gross profit/(loss)                                                 25,155                 27          25,182           (2,193)                  —              46          23,035

Gain on biological assets                                     11,907                 —          11,907                  —                   —              —          11,907
Planting expenditure                                             (9,784)                —          (9,784)                —                   —              —          (9,784)

Foreign-exchange loss                                          (1,555)              (18)         (1,573)                —                   —           (188)         (1,761)
Other administrative expenses                              (1,185)               80          (1,105)             (354)                  —        (2,833)         (4,292)
Other income                                                              —                 17                 17                  —                   —              —                 17

Operating profit                                                                                                                                                                             19,122

Finance income                                                     1,198                 73            1,271                 45                   —              22            1,338
Finance costs                                                        (2,135)                —          (2,135)          (1,625)                  —              —          (3,760)

Group-controlled profit before tax                                                                                                                                                 16,700

Tax                                                                        (4,595)                 4          (4,591)                —                   —        (1,439)         (6,030)

Group-controlled profit after tax                                                                                                                                                   10,670

Share of associated companies’
profit after tax                                                     13,241                 —          13,241           (2,012)              (347)             —          10,882

Profit for the year                                                                                                                                                                           21,552

Consolidated total assets

Assets                                                                 271,869            9,142        281,011          41,777                   —       15,999        338,787
Investments in associates                                     52,733                 —          52,733          61,817            16,193              —        130,743

                                                                         324,602            9,142        333,744        103,594            16,193       15,999        469,530

Consolidated total liabilities

Liabilities                                                             48,949          18,551          67,500          28,117                   —         1,025          96,642

Other information
Additions to non-current assets                            18,417                   1          18,418               120                   —                2          18,540
Depreciation                                                          4,734                 14            4,748               445                   —              18            5,211
Retirement-benefit obligations                               1,585                 —            1,585                  —                   —              —            1,585

* Revenue of US$13.62 million was from sales of crude palm oil to PT Pacific Palmindo Industries; and US$8.57 million was

from sales of crude palm oil and palm kernels to PT Salim Ivomas Pratama.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

52

                                                                   
NOTE 4 Segment information CONTINUED

2011                                                                                                            PLANTATION                                            CATTLE             PROPERTY             OTHER                 TOTAL

                                                                                                 INDONESIA           MALAYSIA                 TOTAL          AUSTRALIA              MALAYSIA

                                                                                                     US$’000              US$’000              US$’000               US$’000                 US$’000           US$’000              US$’000

Revenue                                                               54,938               337          55,275            2,435                   —              46          57,756

Gross profit/(loss)                                                 25,825                (63)         25,762                111                   —              46          25,919

Gain on biological assets                        17,936                 —          17,936                  —                   —              —          17,936
Planting expenditure                                           (15,619)                —        ( 15,619)                 —                   —              —         (15,619)

Foreign-exchange gain/(loss)                                     631                 13               644                  —                   —           (116)              528
Other administrative expenses                                  452              (132)              320              (128)                  —        (2,892)          (2,700)
Other income                                                              —               143               143                  —                   —              —               143

Operating profit                                                                                                                                                                             26,207

Finance income                                                        971                 54            1,025                 43                   —              10            1,078
Finance costs                                                           (999)                —              (999)          (1,936)                  —              —           (2,935)

Group-controlled profit before tax                                                                                                                                                 24,350

Tax                                                                        (6,645)                 (9)          (6,654)                 —                   —        (2,638)          (9,292)

Group-controlled profit after tax                                                                                                                                                    15,058

Share of associated companies’
profit after tax                                                     18,621                 —          18,621            4,231              1,786              —          24,638

Profit for the year                                                                                                                                                                           39,696

Consolidated total assets

Assets                                                                 254,794            6,028        260,822          47,049                   —       13,840        321,711
Investments in associates                                     50,562                 —          50,562          62,604            18,493              —        131,659

                                                                         305,356            6,028        311,384        109,653            18,493       13,840        453,370

Consolidated total liabilities

Liabilities                                                             47,603          18,580          66,183          28,984                   —         2,290          97,457

Other information
Additions to non-current assets                            31,604                   2          31,606               164                   —              19          31,789
Depreciation                                                          2,624                 37            2,661               450                   —              28            3,139
Retirement-benefit obligations                               1,215                 —            1,215                  —                   —              —            1,215

53

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 5 Employees

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Employee costs during the year
Wages and salaries                                                                                                                          11,952                        9,405
Social-security costs                                                                                                                             551                           490
Current service cost of retirement benefit (see note 25)                                                                     1,183                        1,036
Other pension costs                                                                                                                             236                           205

                                                                                                                                                      13,922                      11,136

                                                                                                                                                                                                         NUMBER                             NUMBER

Average number of persons employed (including executive directors)
Estate manual                                                                                                                                   2,337                        1,838
Local management                                                                                                                                66                             79
United Kingdom head office                                                                                                                    7                               6

                                                                                                                                                        2,410                        1,923

Details of directors’ remuneration required by the Companies Act 2006 are shown within the report of the board to the
shareholders on directors’ remuneration on pages 39 and 40 and form part of these audited financial statements.

NOTE 6 Finance income

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Interest receivable on bank deposits                                                                                                 1,338                        1,078

NOTE 7 Finance costs

Interest payable on bank loans and overdrafts                                                                                   3,760                        2,935

Interest capitalised into the cost of property, plant and equipment                                                         —                           356

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

54

NOTE 8 Group-controlled profit before tax

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Profit before tax is stated after charging
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment                                                                                 5,211                        3,139
Auditors’ remuneration                                                                                                                        313                           293
Employee costs (note 5)                                                                                                                  13,922                      11,136

The analysis of auditors’ remuneration is as follows:-

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and their associates for services to the Group: *

Audit of UK parent Company                                                                                                                 20                             20
Audit of consolidated financial statements                                                                                             90                             74

Total audit services                                                                                                                              110                             94

Audit of overseas subsidiaries                                                                                                              135                           125

Total fees payable                                                                                                                                245                           219

* In addition to the above, fees of US$68,000 (2011 US$74,000) were payable to other firms for the audit of subsidiary

companies. Additional fees of US$27,000 were paid to PwC in respect of tax advice.

NOTE 9 Tax on profit on ordinary activities

United Kingdom corporation tax charge for the year                                                                            370                           342
Relief for overseas taxation                                                                                                                 (370)                         (342)

                                                                                                                                                              —                             —

Overseas taxation                                                                                                                             8,821                      10,523
Adjustments in respect of prior years                                                                                                      (5)                             (5)

Total current tax                                                                                                                                8,816                      10,518
Deferred taxation – origination and reversal of temporary differences (see note 24)                         (2,786)                      (1,226)

                                                                                                                                                        6,030                        9,292

The standard rate of tax for the year, based on the United Kingdom standard rate of corporation tax, was 24.50% (2011 – 26.49%).
The standard rate of Indonesian tax was 25.00% for the current year (2011 – 25.00%).  The actual tax charge is higher than the
standard rate for the reasons set out in the following reconciliation.

55

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 9 Tax on profit on ordinary activities CONTINUED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Profit on ordinary activities before tax                                                                                             16,700                      24,350

Tax on profit on ordinary activities at standard rate                                                                           4,092                        6,450

Factors affecting the charge for the year:
Withholding tax on overseas dividends and interest                                                                          1,070                        2,309
Unrelieved losses                                                                                                                              2,593                        1,539
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes                                                                                               64                           270
Unrealised Indonesian exchange differences not included in Group profit                                      (1,083)                            85
Utilisation of losses brought forward                                                                                                     (23)                             (9)
Lower rate applicable to disposals of fixed assets                                                                                  (43)                           (14)
Biological assets                                                                                                                                  134                            (35)
Other exchange differences                                                                                                                 157                            (79)
Profits subject to lower rate of tax                                                                                                       (239)                         (349)
Adjustments to valuation of investments                                                                                             (272)                              –
Other differences                                                                                                                                (420)                         (875)

Total actual amount of current tax                                                                                                     6,030                        9,292

NOTE 10 Dividends paid and proposed

2012 interim dividend – 2.25p per 10p share (2011 interim dividend – 2.25p)                                 1,985                        1,887
2011 final dividend – 5.75p per 10p share (2010 final dividend – 5.50p)                                         4,877                        4,725

                                                                                                                                                        6,862                        6,612

Following the year end, the board has proposed a final dividend for 2012 of 5.75p per 10p share, amounting to US$4.89
million. Shareholders will again have the option to elect to receive the dividend in shares rather than in cash. Further
information is published in the report of the directors on pages 32 and 33.  The dividend will be paid on or after 20 June 2013
to those shareholders on the register at the close of business on 26 April 2013.

NOTE 11 Basic and diluted earnings per share

The calculation of earnings per 10p share is based on:

                                                                                                                         2012                                    2012                                    2011                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                       NUMBER OF                                                                    NUMBER OF
                                                                                                                   US$’000                               SHARES                               US$’000                               SHARES

Profit for the year attributable to the

owners of M.P. Evans Group PLC                                17,685                                                      35,522                                 

Average number of shares in issue                                                           54,406,455                                                53,502,656
Diluted average number of shares in issue*                                             54,509,339                                                54,116,145

* The difference between the number of shares in issue and the diluted number of shares relates to unexercised share options

held by directors and key employees of the Group.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

56

NOTE 12 Goodwill

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

At 1 January and 31 December                                                                                                         1,157                        1,157

Goodwill is carried at cost.  The directors have tested goodwill for impairment, concluding that the carrying amounts 
are recoverable. Goodwill has arisen in respect of the Group’s new plantation projects in Indonesia in Kalimantan and on
Bangka Island.  Given the size of the goodwill balance, the directors do not consider it necessary to provide detailed
disclosures regarding the impairment review.  

NOTE 13 Biological assets

Non-current biological assets comprise plantation bearer assets. The Group values these plantation assets using a discounted cash
flow over the expected 25-year economic life of the asset. The discount rate used in this valuation is 14%.  The price of the f.f.b.
crop is taken to be the 20-year average based on historical selling prices or, where the plantation has its own mill, an inference
based on the widely-quoted commodity price for crude palm oil delivered Rotterdam c.i.f. The directors have concluded that
using a 20-year average provides the best estimate of the prices to be achieved over the valuation period.

Assumptions
The long-term average price and exchange rate used in determining the valuations were as follows:

                                                                                                                                                                                                 31 DECEMBER                      31 DECEMBER
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011

Price of crude palm oil (US$ per tonne, Rotterdam c.i.f.)                                                                     602                           572
Exchange rate (Rupiah per US$)                                                                                                        9,670                        9,068

Sensitivity in valuation of plantation assets
A change of US$25 in the price assumption for crude palm oil has the following effect on the valuation of plantation assets:

                                                                                                                                                                                                           -US$ 25                               +US$ 25
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Subsidiaries                                                                                                                                   (16,261)                     16,261
Associated companies                                                                                                                   (11,734)                     11,734

                                                                                                                                                     (27,995)                     27,995

A change of 1% in the discount rate has the following effect on the valuation of plantation assets:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 -1%                                     +1%
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Subsidiaries                                                                                                                                     10,079                       (9,063)
Associated companies                                                                                                                      5,707                       (5,246)

                                                                                                                                                      15,786                     (14,309)

57

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 13 Biological assets CONTINUED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
Non-current biological assets                                                                                                                                      US$’000                               US$’000

Gain in fair value:

Initial recognition                                                                                                                           3,289                        4,224
Current period                                                                                                                                8,618                      13,712

Total gain                                                                                                                                        11,907                      17,936

Decreases due to disposal and reclassification                                                                                       —                       (1,370)

Change in carrying value of biological assets                                                                                  11,907                      16,566

At 1 January                                                                                                                                  127,428                    110,862

At 31 December                                                                                                                           139,335                    127,428

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011

F.f.b. crop (Tonnes)                                                                                                                       318,600                    250,900

Fair value of crop (US$’000)                                                                                                          34,022                      26,525

The only restrictions over biological assets are described in note 3(i).  The Group’s financial risk-management strategy for
agricultural activity is described in the review of 2012 on pages 24 to 26.

Presentation
In the balance sheet, the adjustment column shows that recognition of the biological-asset valuation replaces depreciated-
historical-planting costs of US$72,617,000 (2011 US$65,670,000) which, prior to the adoption of IFRS, were included in 
the carrying value of property, plant and equipment.  These costs are now replaced by the biological bearer-asset adjustment
which, including the Group’s share of the asset recognised by associates together with the related deferred tax, amounts to 
US$147,822,000 (2011 US$137,621,000).

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

58

NOTE 14 Property, plant and equipment

                                                                                                                                                                                             PLANT,                                                              
                                                                                                FREEHOLD          LEASEHOLD                                       EQUIPMENT      CONSTRUCTION                             
                                                                                                        LAND                    LAND           BUILDINGS     AND VEHICLES           IN PROGRESS                   TOTAL
                                                                                                    US$’000                US$’000                US$’000                US$’000                    US$’000                US$’000

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2012                                              29,202           18,610           31,134           29,717               2,814         111,477
Additions                                                                  53             7,212             3,208             2,116               5,951           18,540
Re-classification                                                        —                  —             3,479                  —              (3,479)                 —
Exchange differences                                               608                    9                114                  72                     —                803
Disposals                                                                   —                  —                 (56)             (626)                  (29)              (711)

At 31 December 2012                                        29,863           25,831           37,879           31,279               5,257         130,109

Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2012                                                      —                370             4,310           10,767                     —           15,447
Charge for the year                                                    —                  10             1,959             3,242                     —             5,211
Exchange differences                                                 —                  —                  21                  48                     —                  69
Disposals                                                                   —                  —                 (50)             (496)                    —               (546)
Provision for impairment                                      2,566                  —                  —                  —                     —             2,566

At 31 December 2012                                          2,566                380             6,240           13,561                     —           22,747

Net book value
at 31 December 2012                                        27,297           25,451           31,639           17,718               5,257         107,362

Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2011                                              29,176           15,237           14,468           17,097               5,644           81,622
Additions                                                                  26             3,380                  —                783             27,600           31,789
Re-classification                                                        —                  —           17,137           13,293            (30,430)                 —
Exchange differences                                                 —                   (7)                (13)                  (7)                    —                 (27)
Disposals                                                                   —                  —               (458)           (1,449)                    —            (1,907)

At 31 December 2011                                        29,202           18,610           31,134           29,717               2,814         111,477

Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2011                                                      —                358             3,393             9,811                     —           13,562
Charge for the year                                                    —                  12                963             2,164                     —             3,139
Exchange differences                                                 —                  —                   (4)                (10)                    —                 (14)
Disposals                                                                   —                  —                 (42)           (1,198)                    —            (1,240)

At 31 December 2011                                               —                370             4,310           10,767                     —           15,447

Net book value
at 31 December 2011                                        29,202           18,240           26,824           18,950               2,814           96,030

Net book value
at 1 January 2011                                              29,176           14,879           11,075             7,286               5,644           68,060

As at 31 December 2012, the Group had entered into contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and
equipment of US$4,787,000 (2011 US$424,000).

Depreciation, other than US$18,000 (2011 US$28,000) charged to other administrative expenses, is charged to cost of sales.

The directors consider that in the current market for rural properties in Australia it is prudent to make a modest impairment to
the carrying value of Woodlands.

59

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 15 Investments in associates

Details of the principal subsidiary and associated undertakings are given on page 75.  The Group’s associated companies 
are all unlisted.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       SHARE OF                            SHARE OF
                                                                                                                                                                                                     NET ASSETS                         NET ASSETS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Share of net assets
At 1 January                                                                                                                                  130,658                    128,578
Exchange differences                                                                                                                        1,957                          (352)
Profit for the year                                                                                                                            10,882                      24,638
Net dividends received                                                                                                                  (13,755)                    (22,206)

At 31 December                                                                                                                           129,742                    130,658

Goodwill
At 1 January and 31 December                                                                                                         1,001                        1,001

Carrying value
At 31 December                                                                                                                           130,743                    131,659

At valuation
Unlisted (directors’ valuation)                                                                                                       221,000                    201,000

The Group’s aggregate share of the summarised results of its associated undertakings is shown below:-

                                                                      PT AGRO                      PT KERASAAN                                                                          BERTAM                                            
                                                                          MUKO                         INDONESIA                                 NAPCo                         PROPERTIES                                            
                                                                        (36.84%)                             (38.00%)                             (34.37%)                             (40.00%)                                TOTAL
                                                                       US$’000                               US$’000                               US$’000                               US$’000                               US$’000

2012
Revenue                                        34,669                        3,193                      24,079                        1,925                      63,866
Profit after tax                                11,989                        1,252                       (2,012)                        (347)                     10,882

Assets                                            51,152                        6,401                    121,424                      23,416                    202,393
Liabilities                                       (4,491)                        (328)                   (59,608)                     (7,223)                   (71,650)

Net assets                                      46,661                        6,073                      61,816                      16,193                    130,743

2011
Revenue                                        35,952                        4,072                      23,665                        9,033                      72,722
Profit after tax                               16,269                        2,352                        4,231                        1,786                      24,638

Assets                                            46,428                        6,097                    162,484                      24,211                    239,220
Liabilities                                       (2,689)                         (258)                    (98,896)                      (5,718)                  (107,561)

Net assets                                      43,739                        5,839                      63,588                      18,493                    131,659

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

60

NOTE 16 Investments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
Other available-for-sale financial investments (unlisted)                                                                                   US$’000                               US$’000

At 1 January                                                                                                                                         145                           149
Exchange differences                                                                                                                               5                              (4)
Revaluation of investments                                                                                                                   (41)                            —

At 31 December                                                                                                                                  109                           145

The directors have reviewed the fair values of the Group’s available-for-sale investments and concluded that their realisable
market value equals their carrying value.

NOTE 17 Current biological assets

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
Livestock                                                                                                                                                                                    US$’000                               US$’000

Gain in fair value                                                                                                                                 146                        2,279
Increase due to purchases                                                                                                                    426                        2,062
Decreases due to disposal and reclassification                                                                                 (6,061)                      (2,435)
Net exchange differences                                                                                                                     205                            (19)

Change in carrying value of biological assets                                                                                   (5,284)                       1,887

At 1 January                                                                                                                                      9,878                        7,991

At 31 December                                                                                                                               4,594                        9,878

Head sold (number)                                                                                                                          5,278                        2,177

Cattle revenue (US$’000)                                                                                                                  6,061                        2,435

NOTE 18 Inventories

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Processed produce for sale                                                                                                               3,160                        3,352
Estate stores                                                                                                                                      3,013                        1,204
Nurseries                                                                                                                                          3,044                        4,026

                                                                                                                                                        9,217                        8,582

61

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 19 Trade and other receivables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Trade receivables                                                                                                                              1,072                        1,667
Other receivables                                                                                                                             6,199                        3,749
Prepayments and accrued income                                                                                                    7,054                        9,023

                                                                                                                                                      14,325                      14,439

Trade and other receivables analysed by currency of receivable:

Indonesian Rupiah                                                                                                                          12,515                      11,932
US Dollar                                                                                                                                             884                           929
Malaysian Ringgit                                                                                                                                582                           997
Australian Dollar                                                                                                                                 192                           470
Sterling                                                                                                                                                152                           111

                                                                                                                                                      14,325                      14,439

Sales of palm oil are generally made for cash payment in advance of delivery.   The Group makes full provision against 
invoices outstanding for more than 30 days. At 31 December 2012 there was no provision for impairment of trade receivables
(2011 US$ nil). The directors consider the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximate their fair value.

The non-current receivable relates to tax recoverable after more than one year.

NOTE 20 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                              54,757                      52,755

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity 
of three months or less.  The carrying value of these assets approximates their fair value. Of this balance, US$19.6 million 
(2011 US$19.4 million) has been pledged as security against bank loans.

Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                              54,757                      52,755
Bank overdrafts and loans (see note 22)                                                                                         (25,458)                    (25,255)

Net cash                                                                                                                                         29,299                      27,500

NOTE 21 Trade and other payables

Trade payables                                                                                                                                  7,537                        5,427
Amounts owed to associated undertakings                                                                                             63                           120
Other payables                                                                                                                                 7,197                        9,267

                                                                                                                                                      14,797                      14,814

The average credit period taken for trade purchases is 41 days (2011 - 39 days).  The Group has processes in place to ensure
payables are settled within the agreed terms.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

62

NOTE 22 Borrowings

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Secured borrowing at amortised cost
Bank overdrafts                                                                                                                               25,458                      25,255
Bank loans                                                                                                                                      31,423                      31,450

                                                                                                                                                      56,881                      56,705

Total borrowings
Amount due for settlement within 12 months                                                                                 25,458                      25,255
Due for settlement in one to five years                                                                                            31,423                      31,450

                                                                                                                                                      56,881                      56,705

Borrowings on bank Treasury Bill facility are treasury bills which are payable within one year but can be rolled over within the
limits of the facility.  They are secured on the assets of the Woodlands cattle aggregation.

Analysis of borrowings by currency:

                                                                                                                                                       AUSTRALIAN                         MALAYSIAN                                            
                                                                                                            US DOLLARS                             DOLLARS                             RINGGIT                                 TOTAL
                                                                                                                  US$’000                              US$’000                              US$’000                              US$’000

31 December 2012
Bank Treasury Bill facility                                                      —                      25,458                             —                      25,458
Bank loans                                                                     12,986                             —                      18,437                      31,423

                                                                                     12,986                      25,458                      18,437                      56,881

31 December 2011
Bank Treasury Bill facility                                                      —                      25,255                             —                      25,255
Bank loans                                                                     13,018                             —                      18,432                      31,450

                                                                                     13,018                      25,255                      18,432                      56,705

Facilities drawn during the year
During the year, loans of US$0.3 million were drawn in Malaysia. 

Undrawn borrowing facilities
At 31 December 2012, the Group had available US$7.97 million of a US$20.95 million loan facility with an Indonesian lender.
In addition, the Group had available MYR2.96 million (2011 MYR1.57 million) of undrawn committed borrowing facilities from
a Malaysian lender in respect of which all conditions precedent had been met, as well as an undrawn overdraft facility of
A$500,000 (2011 A$500,000) from an Australian lender.

Interest rates
The weighted-average interest rates paid during the year were as follows:-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    %                                         %

Bank Treasury Bill facility                                                                                                                      4.0                            4.9
Bank loans                                                                                                                                            6.0                            7.0

63

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 23 Net Debt

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Cash at bank                                                                                                                                   54,757                      52,755

Secured borrowing
Indonesia                                                                                                                                        12,986                      13,018
Australia                                                                                                                                         25,458                      25,255
Malaysia                                                                                                                                         18,437                      18,432

                                                                                                                                                      56,881                      56,705

Net debt                                                                                                                                          (2,124)                      (3,950)

NOTE 24 Deferred tax

The following are the major deferred-tax liabilities and assets recognised by the Group and movements thereon:

                                                                  ACCELERATED                                                                                  RETIREMENT-                       OTHER                                  
                                                                                  TAX           REVALUATION              BIOLOGICAL                     BENEFIT                      TIMING                                  
                                                                DEPRECIATION                   OF LAND                       ASSETS           OBLIGATIONS             DIFFERENCES                        TOTAL
                                                                          US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000

At 1 January 2012                              3,118                 3,746               15,440                   (741)              (5,718)              15,845
Charge/(credit) to
income statement                                895                      —                 1,239                   (375)              (4,545)              (2,786)
Credit to revaluation reserve                   —                   (698)                     —                      —                      —                   (698)
Exchange differences                           (139)                     78                      —                      58                    381                    378

At 31 December 2012                       3,874                 3,126               16,679                (1,058)              (9,882)              12,739

At 1 January 2011                              2,343                 3,746               14,597                   (460)               (3,259)              16,967
Charge/(credit) to
income statement                                819                      —                    843                   (295)               (2,593)               (1,226)
Exchange differences                             (44)                     —                      —                      14                    134                    104

At 31 December 2011                        3,118                 3,746               15,440                   (741)               (5,718)              15,845

Certain deferred-tax assets and liabilities have been offset.  The following is the analysis of deferred-tax balances (after offset) for
financial reporting purposes:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000
To be recovered after 12 months

Deferred-tax assets                                                                                                                        (6,454)                      (2,808)
Deferred-tax liabilities                                                                                                                  19,193                      18,653

                                                                                                                                                      12,739                      15,845

At the balance-sheet date, the Group had unused tax losses of US$45,596,000 (2011 US$26,484,000) available for offset
against future profits.  A deferred-tax asset has been recognised in respect of US$34,674,000 (2011 US$15,764,000) of such
losses.  No deferred-tax asset has been recognised in respect of the remaining US$11,282,000 (2011 US$10,719,000) due to
the unpredictability of future profit streams.  These losses may be carried forward indefinitely.

At the balance-sheet date, the aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with undistributed earnings of subsidiaries
for which deferred-tax liabilities have not been recognised was US$264,557,000 (2011 US$242,387,000).  No liability has
been recognised in respect of these differences because either the Group is in a position to control the timing of the reversal of
the temporary differences, or such a reversal would not give rise to an additional tax liability.

At the balance-sheet date, the aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with undistributed earnings of associates
for which deferred-tax liabilities have not been recognised was US$82,032,000 (2011 US$86,059,000).  No liability has been

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

64

NOTE 24 Deferred tax CONTINUED

recognised in respect of these differences because either the Group is in a position to control the timing of the reversal of the
temporary differences, or such a reversal would not give rise to an additional tax liability.

At the balance-sheet date, the aggregate amount of temporary differences associated with outstanding executive share options
for which deferred-tax assets have not been recognised was US$944,000 (2011 US$4,278,000).  No asset has been recognised
in respect of these differences due to the unpredictability of future profit streams.

NOTE 25 Retirement-benefit obligations

The Group’s only obligation relates to an unfunded, non-contributory, post-employment statutory benefit scheme in Indonesia.
A lump sum is paid to employees on retirement or on leaving the Group’s employment.  This terminal benefit is accrued 
by the Group and charged in the income statement on the basis of individuals’ service at the balance-sheet date.  Retirement 
is assumed at the earlier of age 55 years or 30 years’ service.  No allowance is made for mortality or internal promotion.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
The main assumptions used to assess the Group’s liability are:                                                                             %                                         %

Discount rate                                                                                                                                      7.00                          7.00
Salary increase per annum                                                                                                                  8.00                          8.00

Reconciliation of scheme liabilities:                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Current-service cost                                                                                                                          1,183                        1,036
Interest cost                                                                                                                                          237                           182
Actuarial (losses)/gains                                                                                                                            (7)                              3
Difference on settlement                                                                                                                       (40)                             (6)
Prior-year adjustment                                                                                                                           212                             —

                                                                                                                                                        1,585                        1,215
Less: Benefits paid out                                                                                                                          (85)                           (37)

Movement in the year                                                                                                                       1,500                        1,178
At 1 January                                                                                                                                      2,963                        1,840
Exchange differences                                                                                                                          (233)                           (55)

At 31 December                                                                                                                               4,230                        2,963

NOTE 26 Share capital

Shares of 10p each                                                                                                 ALLOTTED, FULLY                                                           ALLOTTED, FULLY
                                                                                                           AUTHORISED             PAID AND VOTING                      AUTHORISED             PAID AND VOTING

                                                                                                                 NUMBER                             NUMBER                                   £’000                              US$’000

At 1 January 2012                                                   87,000,000               54,021,901                        8,700                        9,093

Issued during the year                                                           —                    849,501                             —                           134

At 31 December  2012                                           87,000,000               54,871,402                        8,700                        9,227

At 1 January 2011                                                   87,000,000               53,357,455                        8,700                        8,987

Issued during the year                                                           —                    664,446                             —                           106

At 31 December  2011                                           87,000,000               54,021,901                        8,700                        9,093

During the year 760,376 (2011 - 566,465) 10p shares were issued as a result of the exercise of share options. In addition, a
further 89,125 shares (2011 - 97,981 shares) were issued to shareholders who elected to take scrip in lieu of cash dividends.
Total cash benefits received by the Company in respect of these allotments amounted to US$1,586,000 (2011 US$1,034,000).

65

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 27 Share-based payments

The Company has a share-option scheme for directors and selected employees of the Group.  Options are exercisable at a price
equal to the quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant.  The vesting period is three years.  If the options
remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant, the options lapse.  Options are forfeited if the employee
leaves the Group before the options vest.  Details of the share options outstanding during the year are as follows:-

                                                                                                                                                                    2012                                                                                2011

                                                                                                                                          WEIGHTED-AVERAGE                                                     WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
                                                                                                             NUMBER OF                   EXERCISE PRICE                        NUMBER OF                   EXERCISE PRICE
                                                                                                     SHARE OPTIONS             (IN BRITISH PENCE)                SHARE OPTIONS              (IN BRITISH PENCE)

At 1 January                                                              1,014,166                        164.3                 1,580,631                        141.3
Granted during the year                                                 80,000                        483.2                             —                             —
Exercised during the year                                           (760,376)                       132.2                   (566,465)                       100.1

At 31 December                                                          333,790                        314.0                 1,014,166                        164.3

Exercisable at the end of the year                                253,790                        260.6                    964,166                        155.5

The weighted-average share price at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the period was 503p (2011 – 405p).
The options outstanding at 31 December 2012 had a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 3.1 years and exercise
prices in the range 158.95p to 385.0p. The Group recognised total expenses of US$23,000 related to equity-settled share-based
payment transactions (2011US$28,000).

Details of the directors’ share options are set out in the report of the board to the shareholders on directors’ remuneration on
pages 39 and 40.

NOTE 28 Reserves

                                                     SHARE-                                            CAPITAL-                             SHARE-          SHARE OF        FOREIGN-                                                
                                                 PREMIUM       REVALUATION        REDEMPTION       MERGER       OPTION      ASSOCIATES’      EXCHANGE                                RETAINED
                                               ACCOUNT                RESERVE                RESERVE       RESERVE       RESERVE           RESERVES           RESERVE              TOTAL       EARNINGS
                                                   US$’000                US$’000                US$’000        US$’000        US$’000             US$’000           US$’000           US$’000           US$’000

At 1 January 2012          22,974           12,468             3,896      1,056         624        68,871              64     109,953     218,929
Exchange differences              —                   29                   —             —             —           1,685            (297)         1,417         (1,981)
Transfer from 

revaluation reserve              —            (2,326)                 —            —            —                —              —        (2,326)        2,326

Deferred tax on land 

impairment                             —                  721                    —             —             —                 —                —             721                —

Retirement benefit 

obligations                              —                    —                    —             —             —                 —                —                —            (192)
Issue of shares                 2,163                  —                  —            —            —                —              —         2,163              —
Share-based payments          —                  —                  —            —        (309)               —              —           (309)           332
Dividends from associated 

undertakings                       —                  —                  —            —            —       (13,755)             —      (13,755)      13,755
Profit for the financial year    —                  —                  —            —            —        10,882              —       10,882         6,803
Dividends paid 
(see note 10))                        —                  —                  —            —            —                —              —              —        (6,862)

At 31 December 2012     25,137            10,892              3,896       1,056          315         67,683            (233)     108,746      233,110

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

66

NOTE 28 Reserves CONTINUED

                                                     SHARE-                                            CAPITAL-                             SHARE-          SHARE OF        FOREIGN-                                                
                                                 PREMIUM       REVALUATION        REDEMPTION       MERGER        OPTION      ASSOCIATES’      EXCHANGE                                RETAINED
                                               ACCOUNT                RESERVE                RESERVE       RESERVE       RESERVE           RESERVES           RESERVE              TOTAL       EARNINGS

                                                   US$’000                US$’000                US$’000        US$’000        US$’000             US$’000           US$’000           US$’000           US$’000

At 1 January 2011          21,497           12,528             3,896      1,056         598        66,571        (1,093)    105,053     193,538
Exchange differences             —                 (60)                 —            —            —            (132)        1,157            965        (1,089)
Issue of shares                 1,477                  —                  —            —            —                —              —         1,477              —
Share-based payments            —                  —                  —            —           26                —              —              26                2
Dividends from

associated undertakings      —                  —                  —            —            —       (22,206)             —      (22,206)      22,206

Profit for the

financial year                      —                  —                  —            —            —        24,638              —       24,638       10,884

Dividend paid

(see note 10)                       —                  —                  —            —            —                —              —              —        (6,612)

At 31 December 2011     22,974           12,468             3,896      1,056         624        68,871              64     109,953     218,929

The revaluation reserve relates to the revaluation surplus recognised under UK GAAP.  On transition to IFRS, the Group elected
to treat the revalued amount of the non-current assets as their deemed cost. 

NOTE 29 Note to the consolidated cash-flow statement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Profit for the year                                                                                                                            21,552                      39,696
Share of associated companies’ profit after tax                                                                               (10,882)                    (24,638)
Tax charge                                                                                                                                        6,030                        9,292
Finance costs                                                                                                                                    3,760                        2,935
Finance income                                                                                                                               (1,338)                      (1,078)

Operating profit                                                                                                                              19,122                      26,207

Biological gain                                                                                                                              (12,053)                    (20,215)
Planting expenditure                                                                                                                         9,784                      15,619
Disposal of non-current assets                                                                                                             207                        1,441
Provision released on land to be sold to smallholders’ cooperative schemes                                          —                          (961)
Release of deferred profit                                                                                                                    (137)                           (54)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment                                                                                 5,211                        3,139
Retirement-benefit obligations                                                                                                          1,500                        1,215
Share-based payments                                                                                                                           23                             28
Dividends from associated companies                                                                                            13,755                      22,206

Operating cash flows before movements in working capital                                                          37,412                      48,625

Decrease/(increase) in inventories                                                                                                     5,025                          (270)
Decrease in receivables                                                                                                                       164                      10,846
(Decrease)/increase in payables                                                                                                            (45)                       7,073

Cash generated by operating activities                                                                                           42,556                      66,274

Income tax paid                                                                                                                               (4,899)                    (15,000)
Interest paid                                                                                                                                     (3,760)                      (2,935)

Net cash generated by operating activities                                                                                     33,897                      48,339

67

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE 30 Financial instruments

Capital-risk management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising
returns to shareholders. The capital structure of the Group consists of debt, (see note 22), cash and cash equivalents and equity
attributable to the owners of the parent Company, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings. The Group is not
subject to any externally-imposed capital requirements.

The Group’s board continues to monitor the capital structure based on the funding requirements of the Group. At the balance-
sheet date the Group had net cash of US$29,299,000 (2011 US$27,500,000) as shown in note 20, and equity attributable to the
owners of the parent Company of US$351,083,000 (2011 US$337,975,000). The board intends to fund its continuing
Indonesian expansion by a combination of the Group’s cash resources, disposal of its remaining Malaysian interests and by
securing additional borrowings.

Categories of financial instruments

All of the Group’s financial assets are classified as loans and receivables, with the exception of its other investments shown in
note 16 which are classified as available-for-sale financial assets. All of the Group’s financial liabilities are measured at
amortised cost.

In the opinion of the directors, there was no significant difference between the carrying values and estimated fair values of the
Group’s primary financial assets and liabilities at either the current, or preceding, financial year end.

Financial-risk-management objectives

The main risks arising from the Group’s financial instruments are foreign-currency, interest-rate, credit and liquidity.  The board
reviews and agrees the policies for managing these risks. The policies and the impact of these risks on the Group’s balance
sheet at the end of the financial year are summarised below.

Foreign-currency risk

The majority of the Group’s operations are undertaken in Indonesia, Australia and Malaysia. The Group does not have transactional
currency exposures arising from sales or purchases by its operating units but the Group’s balance sheet can be significantly affected
by movements in exchange rates. Whilst the Group’s trading takes place in local currencies in South East Asia, relevant commodity
prices are determined in US Dollars in a world market which reduces the Group’s currency risk. The Group has a policy not to
hedge exchange-rate fluctuation and does not make use of forward-currency contracts.

The currency profile of the Group’s monetary assets, excluding trade and other receivables (the currency profile of which is given in
note 20), are as follows:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

US Dollar                                                                                                                                        35,692                      31,565
Indonesian Rupiah                                                                                                                          11,641                      13,855
Australian Dollar                                                                                                                              4,349                        1,303
Malaysian Ringgit                                                                                                                             2,103                        5,218
Sterling                                                                                                                                                972                           814

                                                                                                                                                      54,757                      52,755

The currency profile of the Group’s monetary liabilities, excluding trade and other payables, is shown in note 22.

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

68

NOTE 30 Financial instruments CONTINUED

The Group is exposed to changes in foreign-currency exchange rates.  This is in relation to the impact of movements on its non-
US Dollar monetary assets, but also in relation to the consolidation of its non-US Dollar-functional-currency subsidiary and
associated undertakings. The most significant sensitivities arise in respect of movements in the Australian Dollar and Malaysian
Ringgit.  Management estimates that a 10% weakening of the US Dollar against these currencies would have the following
impact on the result and net assets of its two relevant associated undertakings:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Australian Dollar
Result for the year                                                                                                                               (692)                          225
Net assets                                                                                                                                          4,525                        5,189

Malaysian Ringgit
Result for the year                                                                                                                               (176)                          492
Net assets                                                                                                                                          2,450                        2,905

Interest-rate risk

In order to optimise the income received on its cash deposits the Group continuously reviews the terms of these deposits 
to take advantage of the best market rates.  UK funds are passed through a broker to banks who have a credit rating of at least
AA minus.

The Group’s only financial liabilities other than short-term trade and other payables are the borrowings referred to in note 22.
The bank Treasury Bill facility is denominated in Australian Dollars and interest is charged at a variable rate linked to the
Australian base rate. The loans, denominated in Malaysian Ringgit and US Dollars, carry interest charged at a floating rate
related to US Dollar LIBOR.

The Group’s net position means it is not materially exposed to changes in interest rates on its floating-rate financial assets and
liabilities.

Credit risk

The Group’s credit risk on cash deposits is described above. Regarding trade receivables, the Group performs a credit
evaluation before extending credit to customers. The Group does not have any significant concentrations of credit risk (defined
by management as more than 10% of gross monetary assets), other than in relation to bank deposits which management seeks
to mitigate through the use of banks with high credit ratings.  The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by
the carrying amount of financial assets in the financial statements.

Liquidity risk

The Group manages liquidity risk by maintaining adequate cash reserves and banking facilities, and through active monitoring
of the Group’s forecast and actual cash flows.  All of the Group’s monetary financial assets and liabilities have a maturity profile
of less than eight years.  The maturity profile for financial liabilities is shown in note 22.

NOTE 31 Related-party transactions

Remuneration of key management personnel

The remuneration of the directors, who are the key management personnel of the Group, is set out in the report of the board to
the shareholders on directors’ remuneration on pages 39 to 40. The directors’ participation in the executive share-option
scheme is disclosed on page 40. 

The Group received dividends from its associated companies during the year.  This is set out in note 15 on page 60.

69

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Independent auditors’ report

TO THE MEMBERS OF M.P.EVANS GROUP PLC, PARENT COMPANY

We have audited the parent-Company financial
statements of M. P. Evans Group PLC for the year
ended 31 December 2012 which comprise the
Company balance sheet and the related notes. The
financial reporting framework that has been applied
in their preparation is applicable law and United
Kingdom accounting standards (United Kingdom
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTORS
AND AUDITORS
As explained more fully in the statement of directors’
responsibilities set out on pages 35 and 36, the directors
are responsible for the preparation of the parent-Company
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a
true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and
express an opinion on the parent-Company financial
statements in accordance with applicable law and
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).
Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing
Practices Board’s “Ethical Standards for Auditors”.

This report, including the opinions, has been prepared
for, and only for, the Company’s members as a body
in accordance with chapter 3 of part 16 of the
Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose.  We
do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume
responsibility for any other purpose or to any other
person to whom this report is shown or into whose
hands it may come save where expressly agreed by
our prior consent in writing.

SCOPE OF THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts
and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to
give reasonable assurance that the financial statements
are free from material misstatement, whether caused by
fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: whether
the accounting policies are appropriate to the parent-
Company’s circumstances and have been consistently
applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of
significant accounting estimates made by the directors;
and the overall presentation of the financial statements.
In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial
information in the annual report to identify material
inconsistencies with the audited financial statements. 
If we become aware of any apparent material
misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the
implications for our report.

OPINION ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In our opinion the parent-Company financial statements: 

give a true and fair view of the state of the
Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2012;

have been properly prepared in accordance with
United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting
Practice; and 

have been prepared in accordance with the
requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

OPINION ON OTHER MATTER PRESCRIBED
BY THE COMPANIES ACT 2006
In our opinion the information given in the report of
the directors for the financial year for which the
parent-Company financial statements are prepared is
consistent with the parent-Company financial
statements.

MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED
TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION
We have nothing to report in respect of the following
matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to
report to you if, in our opinion: 

adequate accounting records have not been kept
by the parent-Company, or returns adequate for
our audit have not been received from branches
not visited by us; or 

the parent-Company financial statements are not
in agreement with the accounting records and
returns; or 

certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration
specified by law are not made; or 

we have not received all the information and
explanations we require for our audit.

OTHER MATTER
We have reported separately on the consolidated
financial statements of M. P. Evans Group PLC for the
year ended 31 December 2012.

Simon O’Brien (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors,
London

24 April 2013

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

70

Parent-Company balance sheet

AT 31 DECEMBER 2012

                                                                                                                                                                                                      2012                                                                    2011
                                                                                                                       NOTE                          US$’000                        US$’000                         US$’000                        US$’000

Fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets                                                       (iv)                     864                                             880                          

Investments                                                                     (v)                31,494                                        44,210                          

                                                                                                                                    32,358                                         45,090

Current assets

Debtors                                                                          (vi)                56,854                                        49,565                          

Cash at bank and in hand                                                                   13,542                                          8,868                          

                                                                                                          70,396                                        58,433                          

Creditors – amounts falling due

within one year                                                           (vii)               (40,125)                                      (46,552)

Net current assets                                                                                                        30,271                                         11,881

Total assets less current liabilities                                                                                 62,629                                         56,971

Capital and reserves

Called-up share capital                                                 (viii)                                            9,227                                           9,093

Other reserves                                                                (ix)                                          30,782                                         28,928

Profit and loss account                                                   (ix)                                          22,620                                         18,950

                                                                                       (x)                                          62,629                                         56,971

The financial statements on pages 71 to 74 were approved by the board of directors
on 24 April 2013 and signed on its behalf by:

Tristan Price  Philip Fletcher

Directors

71

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Notes TO THE PARENT-COMPANY BALANCE SHEET

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE i

Significant accounting policies

Unaudited subsidiaries
Under Section 479C of The Companies Act 2006, the Company has guaranteed all of the outstanding liabilities of the following
subsidiaries arising from their unaudited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2012:

Lendu (UK) Limited; Sungkai Estates Limited; Supara Investments Limited; and The Singapore Para Rubber Estates, Limited

It is considered that there is no likelihood of these guarantees being called upon and no liability is expected to arise under these
guarantees.

Basis of accounting
The financial statements of the Company are presented as required by the Companies Act 2006.  They have been prepared
consistently on a going-concern basis under the historical-cost convention and in accordance with applicable accounting
standards in the United Kingdom.

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. The directors have concluded that the functional currency 
is the US Dollar.  

Cash-flow statement
The Company has not included a cash-flow statement as part of its financial statements since the consolidated financial
statements of the Group, of which the Company is a member, include a cash-flow statement and are publicly available.

Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets are stated at the historic purchase cost less accumulated depreciation.  Freehold property is not
depreciated as the charge would be immaterial, but is tested for impairment.  Plant, equipment and vehicles are depreciated
over their estimated useful lives at 25%.

Fixed-asset investments

Fixed-asset investments in subsidiaries are shown at cost less provision for impairment.

DEBTORS – these represent amounts due from customers in the normal course of business, are not interest bearing and are stated
at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts, which are charged to the
profit and loss account.

CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND – these include cash in hand and deposits held with banks with original maturities of three months or less.

CREDITORS – these are measured at amortised cost.

NOTE ii

Profit for the year

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Company has elected not to present its own profit and loss
account for the year.  M.P. Evans Group PLC reported a profit for the year ended 31 December 2012 of US$10,201,000 (2011
US$15,195,000).

The auditors’ remuneration for audit and other services was US$20,000 (2011 - US$20,000).

NOTE iii Employees

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                    2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                          US$’000                               US$’000

Employee costs during the year
Wages and salaries                                                                                                                           1,189                        1,077
Social security costs                                                                                                                             163                           137
Pension costs                                                                                                                                         81                           157

                                                                                                                                                        1,433                        1,371

                                                                                                                                                                                                         NUMBER                             NUMBER

Average monthly number of persons employed
Staff                                                                                                                                                         4                               3
Directors                                                                                                                                                  3                               3

                                                                                                                                                               7                               6

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

72

NOTE iv Tangible assets

                                                                                                                                                                                        PLANT, EQUIPMENT                                            
                                                                                                                                                         BUILDINGS                    AND VEHICLES                                 TOTAL
                                                                                                                                                              US$’000                               US$’000                               US$’000

Cost
At 1 January 2012                                                                                               834                           245                        1,079
Additions                                                                                                               —                               2                               2

At 31 December 2012                                                                                        834                           247                        1,081

Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2012                                                                                                  —                           199                           199
Charge for the year                                                                                                —                             18                             18

At 31 December 2012                                                                                           —                           217                           217

Net book value
At 31 December 2012                                                                                        834                             30                           864

Net book value
At 31 December 2011                                                                                         834                             46                           880

NOTE v

Investments

Subsidiary undertakings                                                                                                                                                                                                US$’000

At 1 January 2012                                                                                                                                                            57,906
Provision for impairment b/f and c/f                                                                                                                                (13,696)
Disposals                                                                                                                                                                        (12,716)

At 31 December 2012                                                                                                                                                     31,494

At 31 December 2011                                                                                                                                                     44,210

The following companies are the principal direct subsidiary companies of M. P. Evans Group PLC:

                                                                                                                                                                                                 COUNTRY OF                           HOLDING
                                                                                                                                                                                                    OPERATION                                        %

M.P. Evans & Co. Limited                                                                                                                      UK                           100
Sungkai Holdings Limited                                                                                                                     UK                           100
Bertam (UK) Limited                                                                                                              UK, Australia                           100
Sungkai Estates Limited                                                                                                                         UK                           100
The Singapore Para Rubber Estates Limited                                                                                           UK                           100

Holdings are all of ordinary shares.  Further information on the activity of the Group subsidiaries is given on page 75.  The
directors believe the carrying value of investments is supported by their underlying net assets.

NOTE vi Debtors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                     2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                           US$’000                                US$’000

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings                                                                                     56,701                      49,456
Other debtors                                                                                                                                         81                             46
Prepayments and accrued income                                                                                                         72                             63

                                                                                                                                                      56,854                      49,565

73

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notes TO THE PARENT-COMPANY BALANCE SHEET

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

NOTE vii Creditors – amounts falling due within one year

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                     2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                           US$’000                                US$’000

Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings                                                                                      39,171                      45,034
Other creditors                                                                                                                                     954                        1,518

                                                                                                                                                      40,125                      46,552

NOTE viii Called-up share capital

See note 26 to the consolidated financial statements on page 65.

NOTE ix Reserves

                                                                             SHARE-                    CAPITAL-                                                                                                                             PROFIT
                                                                         PREMIUM             REDEMPTION                     MERGER                       OTHER                                                    AND LOSS
                                                                       ACCOUNT                     RESERVE                     RESERVE                   RESERVES                        TOTAL                 ACCOUNT
                                                                          US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000

At 1 January 2012                            22,974                 3,896                 1,434                    624               28,928               18,950

Issue of shares                                   2,163                      —                      —                      —                 2,163                      —
Share-based payments                            —                      —                      —                   (309)                 (309)                   331
Profit for the financial year                      —                      —                      —                      —                      —               10,201
Dividends*                                              —                      —                      —                      —                      —                (6,862)

At 31 December 2012                     25,137                 3,896                 1,434                    315               30,782               22,620

* See note 10 to the consolidated financial statements on page 56.

NOTE x Reconciliation of movement in shareholders’ funds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                2012                                     2011
                                                                                                                                                                                                           US$’000                                US$’000

Profit/(loss) for the financial year                                                                                                     10,201                      15,195
Dividends declared                                                                                                                         (6,862)                      (6,612)

                                                                                                                                                        3,339                        8,583

Issue of shares                                                                                                                                   2,296                        1,583
Share-based payments                                                                                                                           23                             28

Net increase in shareholders’ funds                                                                                                   5,658                      10,194

At 1 January                                                                                                                                    56,971                      46,777

At 31 December                                                                                                                             62,629                      56,971

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

74

Subsidiary and associated 
undertakings

SUBSIDIARY UNDERTAKINGS

Details of the principal subsidiary undertakings as at 31 December 2012 are as follows:

                                                                                 % OF SHARES                                                     
                                                                                 AND VOTING            COUNTRY OF                   COUNTRY OF                          
NAME OF SUBSIDIARY                                              RIGHTS HELD            INCORPORATION             OPERATION                             FIELD OF ACTIVITY

PT Bilah Plantindo                                   80                      Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of crude oil-palm f.f.b.

PT Pangkatan Indonesia                           80                      Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of crude palm oil
                                                                                                                                                            and palm kernels

PT Sembada Sennah Maju                       80                      Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of oil-palm f.f.b. 

PT Simpang Kiri Plantation Indonesia       80                      Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of oil-palm f.f.b.

PT Gunung Pelawan Lestari                     90                      Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of oil-palm f.f.b. 

PT Prima Mitrajaya Mandiri                     92.5                   Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of crude palm oil
                                                                                                                                                            and palm kernels

PT Teguh Jayaprima Abadi                       92.5                   Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of oil-palm f.f.b. 

PT Evans Lestari                                       100                    Indonesia                Indonesia                     Production of oil-palm f.f.b.  

PT Evans Indonesia                                  100                    Indonesia                Indonesia                     Provision of consultancy services

Gubbagunyah Partnership                        100                    Australia                 Australia                      Beef-cattle farming

Bertam Consolidated Rubber                   100                    England                  Malaysia                      Property development and

Company Limited                                                           and Wales                                                  production of oil-palm f.f.b.

Bertam (U.K.) Limited                              100                    England                  United Kingdom          Beef-cattle farming
                                                                                         and Wales               and Australia                

The shareholdings in the above companies represent ordinary shares except for Gubbagunyah Partnership, which is a partnership and
so has no class of share.

ASSOCIATED UNDERTAKINGS

Details of the associated undertakings as at 31 December 2012 are as follows:

                                                                  ISSUED, FULLY-PAID             %                    COUNTRY OF                   COUNTRY OF
                                                                          SHARE CAPITAL             HELD              INCORPORATION             OPERATION             FIELD OF ACTIVITY

Unlisted

PT Agro Muko                              Rp 54.578.7m          36.84        Indonesia                Indonesia         Production of crude palm oil,
                                                                                                                                                            palm kernels and rubber 

PT Kerasaan Indonesia                     Rp138.07m          38.00        Indonesia                Indonesia         Production of oil-palm f.f.b.

The North Australian Pastoral            A$16.80m          34.37        Australia                 Australia           Beef-cattle farming

Company Pty Limited                                                                                                                        

Bertam Properties Sdn. Berhad.      MYR60.00m          40.00        Malaysia                 Malaysia           Property development

75

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Analysis of plantation land areas

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2012

The information in the following pages does not form part of the audited financial statements.

                                                                                                                                                                                INFRASTRUCTURE/                                COOPERATIVE
                                                                                                                                                                TOTAL          CONSERVATION                                        SCHEMES
                                                                         OWNERSHIP            MATURE        IMMATURE           PLANTED                          AREAS                 TOTAL             PLANTED

                                                                                          %                     HA                     HA                     HA                               HA                       HA                       HA

Subsidiaries – oil palm

Pangkatan                                 80.00          2,207             220          2,427                     159            2,586                 —

Bilah                                         80.00          2,461             395          2,856                     105            2,961                 —

Sennah                                     80.00          1,681                —          1,681                     132            1,813                 —

Total Pangkatan group                                6,349             615          6,964                     396            7,360                 —

Simpang Kiri                             80.00          2,375              114          2,489                     165            2,654                 —

Total Sumatra                                                    8,724             729          9,453                     561          10,014                 —

East Kalimantan                        92.50          7,174          2,508          9,682                  2,391          12,073*          4,002

Bangka                                     90.00          1,970          1,529          3,499                     509            4,008*          1,580

Total new Indonesian projects*                         9,144          4,037        13,181                  2,900          16,081            5,582

Total Indonesia                                                       17,868          4,766        22,634                  3,461          26,095            5,582

Total Malaysia - Bertam                      100.00               65                —               65                         5                 70                 —

Total majority owned                                             17,933          4,766        22,699                  3,466          26,165            5,582

Group share of subsidiaries’ land                           15,452          4,279        19,731                  3,124          22,855                 —

Associates

Agro Muko - oil palm                      36.84        16,694          1,196        17,890                  3,685          21,575               620

- rubber                        36.84             932             624          1,556                       —            1,556                 —

                                                                              17,626          1,820        19,446                  3,685          23,131               620

Kerasaan - oil palm                         38.00          1,905             412          2,317                       46            2,363                 —

Total associates                                                      19,531          2,232        21,763                  3,731          25,494               620

Group share of associates’ land                                7,217             827          8,044                  1,375            9,419                     

Memorandum:

Subsidiaries and Group
share of associates                                                25,150          5,593        30,743                  4,841          35,584                     

Group share of subsidiaries
and associates                                                       22,670          5,106        27,776                  4,499          32,275                     

NOTE

* The currently-estimated total plantable area for Group ownership is 10,600 hectares in East Kalimantan and 6,000

hectares on Bangka; for the cooperatives 4,400 hectares in East Kalimantan and 4,000 hectares on Bangka. 

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

76

5-year summary

                                                                                                         2012                        2011                        2010                        2009                        2008

                                                                                                            TONNES                     TONNES                     TONNES                     TONNES                     TONNES

Production
Crude palm oil                                                          75,400               35,600               30,000               27,000               22,300
Palm kernels                                                             14,800                 8,700                 7,300                 6,800                 6,100

Crops
Oil-palm fresh fruit bunches (“f.f.b.”)
Majority-owned estates        – Indonesia                  317,000             249,300             196,400             171,300             144,700
                                           – Malaysia                       1,600                 1,600                 1,600                 1,700               16,800

– total                          318,600             250,900             198,000             173,000             161,500

Associated-company estates                                    410,800             403,800             369,100             384,200             355,200

                                                                                                                   US$                            US$                            US$                            US$                            US$

Average sale prices
Crude palm oil – Rotterdam c.i.f. per tonne                    998                 1,123                    905                    680                    941

Exchange rates
US$1 = Indonesian Rupiah  – average                         9,355                 8,763                 9,081               10,374                 9,657
                                           – year end                       9,670                 9,068                 8,991                 9,400               10,950

US$1 = Australian Dollar    – average                           0.97                   0.97                   1.09                   1.28                   1.20
                                           – year end                          0.96                   0.98                   0.98                   1.11                   1.43

US$1 = Malaysian Ringgit   – average                           3.09                   3.06                   3.22                   3.52                   3.33
                                           – year end                          3.06                   3.17                   3.08                   3.42                   3.46

£1 = US Dollar                    – average                           1.59                   1.60                   1.55                   1.57                   1.85
                                           – year end                          1.63                   1.56                   1.57                   1.61                   1.44

                                                                                                            US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000

Revenue                                                                    83,213               57,756               42,091               28,391               30,387

Gross profit                                                               23,035               25,919               21,887               11,705               13,834

Group-controlled profit before tax                             16,700               24,350               19,359               15,338               23,447

                                                                                                          US CENTS                   US CENTS                  US CENTS                  US CENTS                  US CENTS

Basic earnings per share  – continuing                         32.51                 66.39                 41.17                 31.92                 48.88
                                       – continuing
                                        and discontinued              32.51                 66.39                 41.17                 34.94                 96.26

                                                                                                               PENCE                        PENCE                        PENCE                        PENCE                        PENCE

Dividend per share                                                        8.00                   8.00                   7.50                   7.00                   7.00

                                                                                                            US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000                     US$’000

Equity attributable to the owners of

M. P. Evans Group PLC                                         351,083             337,975             307,578             275,498             249,178

Net cash generated by operating activities                33,897               48,339               19,417               12,311                 8,825

77

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Notice of meeting

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the annual general
meeting of M.P. Evans Group PLC will be held at
Tallow Chandlers’ Hall, 4 Dowgate Hill, London
EC4R 2SH on 6 June 2013 at 12 noon for the
following purposes:-

AS ORDINARY BUSINESS

1 To receive and consider the report of the directors
and the audited consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2012.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 1

2 To elect Mr J Green-Armytage as a director.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 2

3 To re-elect Mr T R J Price as a director.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 3

4 To re-elect Mr K P Legg as a director.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 4

5 To re-elect Mr R M Robinow as a director.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 5

6 To declare a final dividend

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 6

7 To re-appoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as

auditors and to authorise the directors to determine
their remuneration.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 7

AS SPECIAL BUSINESS

To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following
resolutions, of which resolution 8 will be proposed as
an ordinary resolution and resolutions 9 and 10 will
be proposed as special resolutions:-

8 That, in substitution for all existing unexercised

authorities, the authority conferred on the directors
by article 7.2 of the Company’s articles of
association be renewed (unless previously
renewed, varied or revoked) for a period ending on
the earlier of the date of the Company’s next annual
general meeting and 30 June 2014 and, for that
period, the Section 551 Amount is £1,829,047. 

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 8

9 That, in substitution for all existing unexercised

authorities, the authority conferred on the directors
by article 7.3 of the Company’s articles of
association be renewed and extended (unless 

previously renewed, varied or revoked) for a
period ending on the earlier of the date of the
Company’s next annual general meeting and 
30 June 2014 so that the directors are authorised
to allot shares pursuant to article 7.2 of the
Company’s articles of association and to sell
treasury shares for that period in an aggregate
amount of up to £274,357 (the section 561
amount).

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 9

10 That the Company is hereby generally and
unconditionally authorised to make market
purchases (within the meaning of section 693 of
the Companies Act 2006) of shares of 10p each
in the capital of the Company provided that:-

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

the maximum number of shares hereby
authorised to be purchased is 5,487,140;

the minimum price which may be paid for
each share is 10p (exclusive of expenses);

the maximum price (exclusive of expenses)
which may be paid for each share is an
amount equal to 105% of the average of the
middle-market quotations for such shares as
derived from the Daily Official List of the
London Stock Exchange for the five business
days immediately preceding the day of
purchase; and

the authority hereby conferred shall expire at
the conclusion of the next annual general
meeting of the Company or on 30 June 2014
whichever shall be the earlier save that the
Company may, before the expiry of this
authority, make a contract of purchase which
will or may be executed wholly or partly
after such expiry and may make a purchase
of shares pursuant to any such contract.

RESOLUTION ON FORM OF PROXY  No 10

By order of the board

C Hayes

Company Secretary
24 April 2013

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

78

NOTES

1) A member of the Company entitled to attend, speak and vote
at the meeting convened by this notice may appoint a proxy
to exercise all or any of his rights to attend, speak and vote at
the meeting on his or her behalf.  A proxy need not be a
member of the Company. Appointment of a proxy will not
subsequently preclude a member from attending and voting
at the meeting in person if he or she so wishes.  A member
may appoint more than one proxy provided that each proxy
is appointed to exercise the rights attached to different shares
held by the member. The form of proxy contains instructions
on how to appoint more than one proxy.

2) A form of proxy for use at the meeting is enclosed. Please
return the form of proxy as soon as possible. To be valid, it
must be received by post or (during normal business hours
only) by hand at the office of the registrars, Computershare
Investor Services PLC, at The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road,
Bristol, BS99 6ZZ no later than 12 noon on 4 June 2013 (or,
if the meeting is adjourned, no later than 48 hours before the
time for holding the adjourned meeting, or, if a poll is taken
otherwise than at or on the same day as the meeting at which
it is demanded, no later than 24 hours before the time
appointed for the taking of the poll).

3) The right to appoint a proxy does not apply to persons whose
shares are held on their behalf by another person and who
have been nominated to receive communications from the
Company in accordance with section 146 of the Companies
Act 2006 (“nominated persons”). Nominated persons may
have a right under an agreement with the registered
shareholder who holds the shares on their behalf to be
appointed (or to have someone else appointed) as a proxy.
Alternatively, if nominated persons do not have such a right,
or do not wish to exercise it, they may have a right under
such an agreement to give instructions to the person holding
the shares as to the exercise of voting rights.

4) Pursuant to regulation 41 of the Uncertificated Securities

Regulations 2001, the Company has specified that only those
shareholders registered on the register of members of the
Company at 11.00 p.m. on 4 June 2013 (or, if the meeting is
adjourned, 48 hours before the time of the adjourned
meeting) shall be entitled to attend and vote at the meeting in
respect of the number of shares registered in their name at
that time. Changes to the register of members after that time
will be disregarded in determining the rights of any person to
attend and vote at the meeting.

5) As at 24 April 2013, the Company's issued share capital
consisted of 54,871,402 shares carrying one vote each.
Therefore the total number of voting rights in the Company
as at that date was 54,871,402

6) Copies of the directors’ service contracts and terms and

conditions of appointment will be available for inspection at
the registered office of the Company during normal business
hours and at the place of the meeting from 15 minutes prior
to the meeting until its conclusion.

7) Any corporation which is a member can appoint one or more
corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf all
of its powers as a member, but powers purported to be
exercised by more than one authorised representative in
respect of the same shares will be treated as not exercised.

8) Members who wish to communicate with the Company in
relation to the meeting should do so using the following
means: by writing to the Registrars at The Pavilions,
Bridgwater Road, Bristol BS99 6ZZ. No other methods of
communication will be accepted.  In particular, no person
may use any electronic address to communicate with the
Company for any purposes other than those expressly stated
in the relevant document.

Any addressee of this notice who has sold or transferred all
of the shares of the Company held by him or her should pass
the annual report of which this notice forms part (including
the form of proxy enclosed herewith) to the person through
whom the sale was effected for transmission to the
transferee or purchaser.

79

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

Professional advisers
and representatives

PRINCIPAL BANKERS
HSBC Bank plc
105 Mount Pleasant
Tunbridge Wells
Kent TN1 1QP

Bank International Indonesia
Graha Irama
Jalan H. R. Rasuna Said
Blok X-1, Kav. 1-2
Jakarta 12950
Indonesia

Commonwealth Bank of Australia
PO Box 2856
Toowoomba
Queensland 4350
Australia

AmBank Group
55 Jalan Raja Chulan
50200 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
1 Leboh Downing
10300 Pulau Pinang
Malaysia

NOMINATED ADVISER AND BROKER
Peel Hunt LLP
Moor House
120 London Wall
London EC2Y 5ET

SOLICITORS
Hogan Lovells International LLP
Atlantic House
Holborn Viaduct
London EC1A 2FG

SECRETARY AND REGISTERED OFFICE
Claire Hayes
3 Clanricarde Gardens
Tunbridge Wells
Kent TN1 1HQ

Tel: 01892 516333
Fax: 01892 518639
www.mpevans.co.uk
Company number: 1555042

INDONESIA REGIONAL OFFICE
P.T. Evans Indonesia
Gedung Graha Aktiva, Suite 1001
Jl HR Rasuna Said Blok X-1 Kav 03
Jakarta 12950

MANAGING AGENT IN MALAYSIA
Straits Estates Sdn. Berhad
Loke Mansion
147 Lorong Kelawei
10250 Penang

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
1 Embankment Place
London WC2N 6RH

REGISTRARS
Computershare Investor Services PLC
The Pavilions
Bridgwater Road
Bristol BS99 6ZZ

Tel: 08707 071176
Fax: 08707 036101
www.computershare.com
Email: www.investorcentre.co.uk/contactus

Designed, typeset and printed
by Michael R. Dalby Limited
28 Quebec Way, Canada Water
London SE16 7LF
020 7394 1112
email: mrd@mrdltd.plus.com

2012 ANNUAL REPORT

80

VENUE OF ANNUAL
GENERAL MEETING

on Thursday, 6 June 2013 at 12 noon
Tallow Chandlers’ Hall
4 Dowgate Hill
London EC4R 2SH

www.mpevans.co.uk