Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Auto - Manufacturers / NFI Group

NFI Group

nfi · TSX Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker nfi
Exchange TSX
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Auto - Manufacturers
Employees 5001-10,000
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FY2022 Annual Report · NFI Group
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Financial Results 
Fiscal 2022

March 2, 2023

Dear Shareholders,

Fiscal 2022 was a period of dramatic contrast. We saw record demand for our products and services countered by
continued supply chain disruption, associated production inefficiencies, and the impacts of significant inflation and
rapid foreign exchange movements. Our
those realities, with declines in certain
performance metrics paired with significant growth in backlog and pricing, providing us with added confidence and
excitement about our future.

results reflect

financial

We were not alone in responding to the macro challenges stemming from the global pandemic that impacted the
global economy. Our industry was hit especially hard as we design and manufacture highly customized vehicles,
often on multi-year contracts. We took numerous actions to combat the adverse impacts, including seeking price
adjustments wherever possible, lowering new vehicle production rates, bringing on alternative sources of supply,
increasing inventory levels of components on hand, providing longer lead times to suppliers, and reducing
overhead and administrative costs.

Since the pandemic began in March 2020, we have rationalized 25 sites and reduced our global employee count
by more than 2,000 people – not a distinction we are proud of, but necessary as we worked through the pandemic
and matched production to supply availability. We defend our decision not to cut deeper or hold back on our
product development as our future is bright; we remained loyal and committed to our team members who are
critical to our recovery and achievement of our future targets.

At NFI, we do not have a demand problem. Record investments in public transportation in all major markets drove
record bid activity, and our highest new order performance since 2017 (a 23% increase year-over-year). We
secured new orders from customers in Mississauga, Toronto, Las Vegas, New Jersey, New York, Philadelphia,
San Diego, Washington, Manchester, London (UK), Hong Kong, and others, many for zero-emission buses
(“ZEBs”).

In 2022, zero-emission electric vehicles represented 23% of our total deliveries (up from 17% in 2021) and were a
record 29% of our backlog. We also achieved a multi-year milestone with over 100 million zero-emission miles
driven by NFI vehicles and the installation of more than 340 EV chargers.

Our teams around the world were relentless in their pursuit of operational excellence, safety, and delivering the
best for our customers, even in this challenging environment. We are extremely proud of our teams’ efforts, and
the work they’ve completed with our customers to deliver new buses and coaches, commission infrastructure,
keep vehicles in service, and deliver parts.

Our book-to-bill ratio1 of orders to deliveries was over 100% for the second consecutive year, and our total
backlog1 of firm orders and options is now over $5 billion. We expect to see additional backlog growth in 2023
coming from the record number of procurements we responded to in 2022. We expect to see additional backlog
growth in 2023 coming from the record number of procurements we responded to in 2022.

Certain contracts that we will deliver in 2023 will continue to be at inflation impacted margins, a result of those
contracts originally being bid in 2020 and 2021. Going forward, our updated pricing, inflation-adjusted option
backlog, and higher ZEB deliveries are expected to drive stronger margins. The aftermarket segment was a
significant bright spot in 2022, delivering profitability while navigating through their own supply disruption issues,
and we anticipate additional margin improvement in 2023.

We continued to advance our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) initiatives, completing a materiality
assessment to determine the ESG issues most pertinent to our business. NFI was proud to have ranked among
Corporate Knights’ 2022 Best 50 Corporate Citizens in Canada, and our New Flyer business was one of the first
original equipment manufacturers to commit to the American Public Transportation Association’s Racial Equity
Commitment Program. (continued on next page ->)

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1. Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

(-> continued) We introduced a new board member in Wendy Kei, recipient of the 2022 Institute of Corporate
Directors Fellowship Award. With Wendy’s addition, our Board of Directors is now 40% female, a significant
accomplishment as we continue to drive towards our goal of meeting Canada’s 50-30 Challenge (with a goal of
50% female representation on our Board).

As we ended 2022, we completed another credit amendment, our sixth in three years, to provide us with
additional runway as we work towards NFI’s recovery. We also announced a $187 million financial support
program from the Government of Manitoba and Export Development Canada that will be critically important in
strengthening our financial position and improving liquidity. We are now engaged with our banking partners to
develop a new long-term, multi-year credit agreement with the capacity and covenants matched to our historic
results and expected financial recovery. We expect that we will be able to get this completed in the first half of
2023. Cash flow and capital allocation remains our top priority as we strive to generate cash flows, lower leverage,
and strengthen our balance sheet.

With businesses that have a combined history of over 450 years in the bus and coach industry, our impressive
offering of market-leading products and technology, service support, and aftermarket parts distribution are leading
the zero-emission evolution (what we call the ZEvolutionTM) and moving millions of people around the world every
day.

Our strategy of focusing on innovation, remaining flexible on integrating new and complex technologies onto our
proven bus and coach platforms, produced on common production lines, has served us well and will continue as
supply health improves and we move beyond this period of disruption.

As we look to 2023, we know there will be some continued challenges, with supply chains expected to improve
but not yet back to full health, and our operations running at lower production rates in the first half of the year. We
do expect significant improvement, with a planned ramp-up of production levels later in 2023 and financial
recovery throughout the year, and a major step increase in 2024.

The past few years have been challenging for all our stakeholders: employees, customers, suppliers, investors,
and banking partners. You, our fellow shareholders, have experienced first-hand our reality, and we thank you for
your ongoing support.

After 17 years as chair of NFI’s Board of Directors, the Honourable Brian Tobin will be stepping down from the
Board in May 2023, in compliance with our age and term limits. Brian had originally reached our term limit in 2021,
but remained for two one-year term extensions upon the request of our other Board members as we navigated
through the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing supply disruption. As the Company has now moved beyond the
worst impacts of the pandemic and anticipate recovery, Brian is taking his well-deserved retirement from our
Board.

Brian has been a tremendous champion for NFI, and his contributions to our company over his nearly two
decades as a director, partner and leader cannot be understated. Our entire leadership team and all NFI team
members are grateful for all Brian has done for NFI. Further details on a new Board Chairperson will be discussed
in the coming weeks as we head towards our May Annual and Special Meeting of Shareholders.

While the past few years have been incredibly difficult, we look forward to our next chapter where we will maintain
our market leadership and drive recovery and financial performance. We remain proud of our history, and excited
about our future.

Larry Edwards
Corporate Director; Chair, Human 
Resources, Compensation and 
Corporate Governance Committee
NFI Group Inc.

Paul Soubry                                  
President & Chief 
Executive Officer  
NFI Group Inc.

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NFI’s mobility 
solutions
ecosystem

Parts, Publications 
& Service

Infrastructure 
Solutions

Workforce Development 
& Training

Buses 
& Coaches

Financing

Connected Vehicles 
& Diagnostics

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In 2022, despite a challenging macro economic 
environment, NFI continued to innovate. 

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We have more than 105,000 buses and 
coaches in service in 12 countries 
around the world…

North American Market Leader in Heavy-Duty 
Transit Buses and Infrastructure Solutions

North American Market Leader in Motor Coaches

World Leader in Double Deck Buses; 
UK Market Leader in Bus

North American Market Leader in Low-Floor 
Cutaway and Medium-Duty Shuttle Buses

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We have seen record long-term government 
funding in our major markets …

$100+B 
through the five-year Infrastructure Investment 
and Jobs Act

C$34B 
through the Green Recovery Funding, Transit 
Funding Program and Canadian Infrastructure 
Bank 

£7B 
to overhaul and level up major local transport 
outside of London

… paired with record demand for our 
vehicles, infrastructure, and services.

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In 2022, NFI subsidiaries supported and 
received new orders from customers 
around the world, driving change and 
leading zero-emission mobility.

Select Customer Wins in 2022

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We are focused on generating long-term, 
sustainable value for our business and for 
all stakeholders.

OUR SUSTAINABILITY PLEDGE: 

OUR VISION: To lead the evolution of 
sustainable on-road mass transportation 
and mobility.

OUR MISSION: To design, deliver, and 
support market-leading bus and motor 
coach solutions that are safe, accessible, 
efficient, and reliable.

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We have a fundamental role to play in 
meeting the challenge of climate change.

Transportation is one of the biggest 
global polluters

Buses are leading the vehicle transition 
to zero emission around the globe

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In 2022, we concentrated on these ESG priorities:

Company 
Management

Business 
performance

Leading with 
integrity

Quality products, 
continuous 
innovation

Robust governance

Environment

Employees

Community

Zero-emission 
products and 
solutions

Emissions 
management, 
including footprint 
rationalization

Energy and water 
consumption 
management

Celebrating, 
fostering and 
measuring diversity, 
equity and inclusion

Environmental 
health and safety 

Responsible 
corporate citizen

Human Rights

Respectful and 
vibrant workplace 
culture

Community and 
charitable initiatives

Infrastructure 
Solutions to support 
zero-emission 
projects

Workforce 
development, 
Community Benefits 
Framework and 
initiatives

Team and 
community spirit, 
supported by the 
Community Benefits 
Framework

Supply chain 
management

Battery recycling 
partnership

Advance 50-30 
Challenge

United Way 
sponsorship 
program

and completed our first materiality assessment.

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In addition, in 2022 we:

•

Initiated a sustainability roadmap to action the results of our materiality assessment and overall
sustainability strategy;

• Continued to prioritize the health, safety, and well-being of our employees;

• Completed our first annual disclosure to the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment and our

second annual disclosure to the CDP Climate Change questionnaire;

•

•

Implemented an action plan to address key issues identified in our 2021 Group-wide diversity, equity
and inclusion (“DEI”) survey and implemented NFI’s DEI Strategic Framework to guide NFI’s work
towards equity and inclusion across the organization;

Increased the gender and sexual diversity target for the board and senior management from 30% to
50%; reached 40% female representation on our Board of Directors in 2022;

• Added a diversity target for the board and senior management of 30% for other equity deserving groups

(racialized, black, people of colour, people with disabilities, and Indigenous peoples);

• Updated our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics affirming the Company’s prohibition against child

labour (defined as anyone under the age of 16);

• Changed the performance share unit ("PSU") performance metric for the long-term incentive plan
("LTIP") in the Executive Compensation Program from being based solely on a return on invested capital
(“ROIC”) target to a combination of ROIC, ESG target, and a Strategic target;

•

Implemented a Community Benefit Agreement for the New Flyer Anniston plant that: establishes goals
of 45% of new hires and 20% of promotions coming from groups who have historically been under-
represented or underserved including people of colour, women, and veterans, enhances training
programs, and focuses on increasing access to employment and career advancement
for these
historically disadvantaged groups;

• Enhanced commitments to Freedom of Association outlined in our Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics, our Human Rights Statement, and included in the NFI Group Freedom of Association Statement
released earlier in 2022;

•

Implemented a series of projects called “NFI Forward 2.0”, by completing a detailed review of our
remaining North American footprint with a view to match production capacity and facility investments to
customer demand, local labour availability, and zero-emission fleet investment plans;

• Shifted some of our strategic priorities to withstand supply chain challenges for the long-term health of

the business; and

• Raised over $381,000 through our annual United Way campaign, supporting 18 communities across

North America.

NFI’s 5th annual ESG Report will be released in 
May 2023, with additional information.

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NFI continues to lead the ZEvolutionTM:
the evolution to a zero-emission future. 

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Notes to readers

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS FOR THE 13-WEEKS AND 52-WEEKS ENDED JANUARY 1, 2023

Information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) relating to the financial
condition and results of operations of NFI Group Inc. (“NFI” or the "Company") is supplemental to,
and should be read in conjunction with, NFI’s audited consolidated financial statements (including
notes) (the “Financial Statements”) for the 52-week period ended January 1, 2023 and has been
prepared as of March 2, 2023.

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to a variety of factors that could
cause actual
results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking
statements, including, but not limited to, the factors described in the Company's public filings
available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in Appendix A. The
Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (“IFRS”) and, except where otherwise indicated, are presented in U.S. dollars, which is
the functional currency of NFI. Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information contained in
this MD&A has been prepared in accordance with IFRS and references to “$” or “dollars” mean
U.S. dollars, "C$" means Canadian dollars, and "GBP" and "£" mean British Pounds Sterling.

QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL REPORTING PERIODS

The quarterly and annual reporting periods for the current and prior year are as follows:

Period from January 3, 2022 to January 1, 2023

Period from December 28, 2020 to January 2, 2022

(“Fiscal 2022”)

Period End Date

Quarter 1

Quarter 2

April 3, 2022

("2022 Q1")

July 3, 2022

("2022 Q2")

Quarter 3

October 2, 2022

("2022 Q3")

Quarter 4

January 1, 2023

("2022 Q4")

Fiscal year

January 1, 2023

# of 
Calendar 
Weeks

13

13

13

13

52

(“Fiscal 2021”)

Period End Date

Quarter 1

March 28, 2021

("2021 Q1")

Quarter 2

June 27, 2021

("2021 Q2")

Quarter 3

September 26, 2021

("2021 Q3")

Quarter 4

January 2, 2022

("2021 Q4")

Fiscal year

January 2, 2022

# of 
Calendar 
Weeks

13

13

13

14

53

Specific references and definitions are used throughout this MD&A, please see the Non-IFRS and
Other Financial Measures section. References to LTM mean last-twelve months ("LTM"). Adjusted
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (Adjusted EBITDA), Invested Capital,
net operating profit after taxes ("NOPAT"), return on invested capital ("ROIC"), Free Cash Flow,
Free Cash Flow per Share, Adjusted Net Loss, Adjusted Net Loss per Share, Liquidity, Working
Capital Days, Book-to-Bill, Payout Ratio and Backlog are non-IFRS measures and should not be
considered substitutes or alternatives for IFRS measures. These are not defined terms under IFRS
and do not have standard meanings, so may not be a reliable way to compare NFI to other
companies.

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Notes to readers

The Company has two reportable segments which are the Company’s strategic business units:
Manufacturing Operations and Aftermarket Operations. The strategic business units offer different
products and services, and are managed separately because they require different technology and
marketing strategies.

The Manufacturing Operations segment derives its revenue from the manufacture, service and
support of new transit buses, coaches, medium-duty and cutaway buses. Based on management’s
judgment and applying the aggregation criteria in IFRS 8.12,
the Company’s bus/coach
manufacturing operations and medium-duty/cutaway manufacturing operations fall under a single
reportable segment. Aggregation of these operating segments is based on the segments having
similar economic characteristics with similar long-term average returns, products and services,
production methods, distribution and regulatory environment.

The Aftermarket Operations segment derives its revenue from the sale of aftermarket parts for
transit buses, coaches and medium-duty/cutaway buses, both for the Company's and third-party
products.

Single and double deck buses manufactured by New Flyer and Alexander Dennis Limited
("Alexander Dennis" or "ADL") are classified as "transit buses". ARBOC manufactures body on-
“cutaway” and "medium-duty" buses that service transit, paratransit, and shuttle
chassis or
applications. Collectively,
transit buses, medium-duty buses and cutaways, are referred to as
"buses". A “motor coach” or “coach” is a 35-foot to 45-foot over-the-highway bus typically used for
intercity transportation and travel over longer distances than heavy-duty transit buses, and is
typically characterized by (i) high deck floor, (ii) baggage compartment under the floor, (iii) high-
backed seats with a coach-style interior (often including a lavatory), and (iv) no room for standing
passengers. “Product lines” include heavy-duty transit buses, motor coaches, pre-owned coaches,
cutaway and medium-duty buses.

Zero-emission buses ("ZEBs") consist of trolley-electric, hydrogen fuel cell-electric, and battery-
electric buses and motor coaches. All of the data presented in this MD&A with respect to the
number of transit buses, medium-duty buses, cutaways and motor coaches in service and delivered,
is measured in, or based on, “equivalent units” (or "EUs"). One EU represents one production “slot”,
being one 30-foot, 35-foot, 40-foot, 45-foot heavy-duty transit bus, one double deck bus, one
medium-duty bus, one cutaway bus or one motor coach, whereas one articulated transit bus
represents two EUs. An articulated transit bus is an extra-long transit bus (approximately 60-feet in
length), composed of two passenger compartments connected by a joint mechanism. The joint
mechanism allows the vehicle to bend when the bus turns a corner, yet have a continuous interior.

A summary of the Company’s order, delivery and backlog information can be found in Appendix B.

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NFI is leading zero-emission electric mobility.

100M+

Electric service miles 
driven 

2,725

ZEB EUs delivered 
since 2015

328

ZEB EUs delivered in 
2022 Q4 (32% of total 
deliveries)

693

ZEB EUs delivered in 
2022 FY (23% of total 
deliveries)

51%

of North American 
Public Bid Universe 
is ZEBs

~8,000

EUs annual ZEB 
production capacity

2,628

ZEBs in backlog

29%

of total backlog is ZEBs 

120+

Cities have NFI 
ZEBs in service or 
on order

6

Countries have 
NFI ZEBs in service 
or on order

340+

EV chargers installed 
via Infrastructure 
SolutionsTM since 2018

58+ MW

Charging capacity 
installed via 
Infrastructure 
SolutionsTM since 2018 

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FY 2022 Highlights (US$)

$2.1B 
Total Revenue

$49.1M
Gross Profit

$277.8M
Net Loss

$241.9M
Cash Flow Used In Operating Activities

$3.60
Net Loss Per Share

5,786 EUs
in New Orders

3,039
EUs Delivered

($59.1)M
Adjusted EBITDA (1)

($170.3)M
Free Cash Flow (1)

$173.5M
Liquidity (2)(3)

$2.09
Adjusted Net Loss Per Share (4)

10,507 EUs
Active Bids 

$18.5M
Adjusted EBITDA(1) Savings from NFI Forward

9,186 EUs
in Backlog (Value of $5.6B) (2)

1.

2.
3.
4.

Represents a non-IFRS measure, meaning it is not a defined term under IFRS and does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way to compare NFI 
to other companies. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.
Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.
Without consideration given to the minimum liquidity requirement of $25 million.
Represents a non-IFRS ratio, meaning it is derived from a non-IFRS measure, which does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way to compare 
NFI to other companies. The ratio is calculated using adjusted net income, which is a non-IFRS measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

Revenue by Geography

Revenue by Product

North 
America
76%

United 
Kingdom 
and 
Europe
21%

Asia 
Pacific 
3%

Transit
60%

Motor Coach
15%

Low-Floor 
Cutaway and 
Medium Duty
2%

Aftermarket
24%

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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

 Deliveries (EUs) 

     Revenue ($ millions)

 Net Loss ($ millions)  

     Adjusted Net Loss1 ($ millions)

 Adjusted EBITDA1 ($ millions) 

    Net cash generated by (used in) operating activities ($ millions)                                                                     

 Working Capital Days2 

   Total Liquidity2 ($ millions)

Backlog (EUs)

        ROIC3   

Footnotes
1.

2.
3.

Represents a non-IFRS measure, meaning it is not a defined term under IFRS and does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way to 
compare NFI to other companies. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.
Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.
Represents a non-IFRS ratio, meaning it is derived from a non-IFRS measure, which does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way to 
compare  NFI  to  other  companies.  The  ratio  is  calculated  using  net  operating  profit  after  tax  and  average  invested  capital  both  of  which  are  non-IFRS 
measures. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

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1,0871,0343,7833,039Q4' 21Q4 '22FY 21FY 22$694.8$682.6$2,343.8$2,053.9Q4 '21Q4 '22FY 21FY 22($8.7)($150.4)(14.5)($277.8)Q4 '21Q4 '22FY 21FY 22($15.6)($23.6)($12.1)($161.6)Q4 '21Q4 '22FY 21FY 22$26.2($5.1)$164.2($59.1)Q4 '21Q4 '22FY 21FY 22$150.2$1.5$115.2($241.9)Q4 '21Q4 '22FY 21FY 226970727068Q4 '21Q1 '22Q2 '22Q3 '22Q4 '22$794.3$649.0$628.5$471.4$173.5Q4 '21Q1 '22Q2 '22Q3 '22Q4 '223,6354,0574,3664,1534,5584,8134,8515,3084,3524,610FirmOptionsQ4 '21Q1 '22Q2 '22Q3 '22Q4 '223.6%1.1%(1.5)%(3.3)%(4.4)%LTM Q4 '21LTM Q1 '22LTM Q2 '22LTM Q3 '22LTM Q4 '22 
 
 
                
      
 
         
 
 
 
FINANCIAL RESULTS

NFI’s  2022  Q4  financial  results  were  significantly  impacted  by  continued  global  supply  chain  challenges,  and  the  impact  of 
heightened inflation and surcharges and rapid foreign exchange movements on legacy contracts. In 2022 Q4, the Company took the 
prudent approach to reduce production rates to align with supply chain lead times and allow for teams to complete offline work-in-
progress ("WIP") inventory. This resulted in lower than planned new vehicle deliveries and negative impacts to financial performance 
metrics within the Company's Manufacturing business segment ("Manufacturing"). The Company's end markets are recovering from the 
pandemic, which is demonstrated by recent order activity, a record North American bid environment and unprecedented government 
funding for public transit. The Aftermarket business segment ("Aftermarket") experienced a small decrease in year-over-year margin 
results in North America, United Kingdom, and Europe, despite consistent revenues.

Full details of the Company’s orders, deliveries and backlog information can be found in Appendix B.

Deliveries (EUs)

Transit buses

Motor coaches

Medium-duty and cutaway

New vehicle deliveries

Pre-owned coach

2022 Q4

2021 Q4 % Change

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 % Change

764 

169 

101 

1,034 

68 

855 

192 

40 

1,087 

38 

 (10.6) %

 (12.0) %

 152.5 %

 (4.9) %

 78.9 %

2,253 

2,765 

524 

262 

3,039 

190 

678 

340 

3,783 

389 

 (18.5) %

 (22.7) %

 (22.9) %

 (19.7) %

 (51.2) %

Zero-emission deliveries 
(included in the above totals)

Zero-emission deliveries as a percentage of 
total new vehicle deliveries

328 

331 

 (0.9) %

693 

661 

 4.8 %

 31.7 %

 30.5 %

 3.9 %

 22.8 %

 17.5 %

 30.3 %

Revenue 
(dollars in millions)

Transit buses

Motor coaches

Medium-duty and cutaway

2022 Q4

2021 Q4 % Change

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 % Change

441.8   

97.7   

12.8   

441.8 

122.5 

 —  %

1,212.5   

1,429.5 

 (15.2) %

 (20.2) %

296.2   

361.6 

 (18.1) %

5.4 

 137.0  %

31.7   

35.3 

 (10.2) %

Total New Vehicle Revenue

552.3   

569.7 

 (3.1) %

1,540.4   

1,826.4 

 (15.7) %

Pre-owned coach revenue
Infrastructure SolutionsTM

Fiberglass reinforced polymer components

Manufacturing Revenue

Aftermarket 

Total Revenue

5.2   

2.7   

2.2   

2.3 

4.0 

1.3 

562.4   

577.3 

120.2   

117.5 

 126.1  %

 (32.5) %

 69.2  %

 (2.6) %

 2.3  %

12.8   

8.5   

7.0   

20.7 

17.6 

5.1 

 (38.2) %

 (51.7) %

 37.3  %

1,568.7   

1,869.8 

 (16.1) %

485.2   

474.0 

 2.4  %

682.6   

694.8 

 (1.8) %

2,053.9   

2,343.8 

 (12.4) %

North America

United Kingdom and Europe

Asia Pacific 

503.3   

165.2   

465.7 

181.2 

 8.1  %

 (8.8) %

14.1   

47.9 

 (70.6) %

1,555.0   

1,776.3 

 (12.5) %

440.8   

58.1   

440.5 

127.0 

 0.1  %

 (54.3) %

Manufacturing  revenue  for  2022  Q4  decreased  by  $15.0  million,  or  2.6%,  compared  to  2021  Q4.  The  decrease  was  driven  by  lower 
deliveries within heavy-duty transit and motor coach, somewhat offset by higher average sale prices of heavy-duty transit vehicles 
and  increased  deliveries  of  medium-duty  and  low  floor  cutaway  vehicles.  Overall  deliveries  are  down  significantly  relative  to  pre-
COVID-19 levels due to global supply chain logistics challenges and related production inefficiencies. These challenges are largely the 
result of suppliers recovering from impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has created numerous bottlenecks in the supply chain 
and disruptions to certain parts availability. WIP inventory decreased by $125.7 million from Q3 2022, as many buses awaiting parts 
have been completed and delivered. The previously disrupted control module supply, originally announced in 2022 Q2, that impacted 
the  completion  of  a  significant  number  of  North  American  transit  buses,  has  recovered  according  to  plan,  however  the  alternate 

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NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

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modules developed, has introduced certain other delays. During 2022 Q4, the Company completed and delivered the remaining buses 
that were missing these specific module components generating a positive impact, lowering WIP by $38.6 million, or 68 EUs. 

Quarterly revenue of the Company's Infrastructure SolutionsTM division declined by $1.3 million. The decrease is primarily due to the 
timing  of  revenue  recognition  on  open  contracts.  Global  supply  chain  challenges  have  had  a  residual  effect  on  infrastructure  and 
charger  commissions  resulting  in  delays  to  Infrastructure  SolutionsTM  revenue  recognition.  Since  its  inception,  Infrastructure 
SolutionsTM has been responsible for the delivery of 311 plug-in and 33 on-route charger projects for 51 different customers. 

Aftermarket  revenue  for  2022  Q4  increased  by  $2.7  million,  or  2.3%  compared  to  2021  Q4.  The  increase  is  mainly  related  to 
increased volume in the North America region, this increased volume is  despite of a one-week decrease in the period compared to 
2021  Q4.  The  Company  continues  to  benefit  from  a  multi-year  retrofit  program  in  the  Asia-Pacific  region,  which  continued 
throughout  2022,  but  at  a  lower  run  rate.  Fiscal  2022  sales  under  the  program  were  $58.1  million,  a  decrease  of  $68.9  million 
compared to Fiscal 2021 sales of $127.0 million; this multi-year retrofit program is expected to unwind in 2023 Q1.

Net Earnings (Loss)
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

Manufacturing

Aftermarket

Corporate

Net Loss

2022 Q4

2021 Q4 % Change

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 % Change

(147.1)   

(34.3) 

 (328.9) %  

(309.5)   

(55.7) 

 (455.7) %

18.6   

21.2 

 (12.3) %  

67.0   

83.3 

 (19.6) %

(21.9)   

(150.4)   

4.4 

 (597.7) %  

(35.2)   

(42.2) 

 16.6  %

(8.7)   (1,628.7) %  

(277.8)   

(14.5)   (1,815.9) %

Adjusted Net Loss1

(23.6)   

(15.6) 

 (51.3) %  

(161.6)   

(12.1)   (1,235.5) %

Net Loss per Share 
Adjusted Net Loss per Share1

(1.94)   

(0.31)   

(0.12)   (1,516.7) %  

(0.21) 

 (47.6) %  

(3.60)   

(2.09)   

(0.21)   (1,614.3) %

(0.17)   (1,129.4) %

Adjusted EBITDA1
(dollars in millions)

Manufacturing

Aftermarket

Corporate
Total Adjusted EBITDA1

2022 Q4

2021 Q4 % Change

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 % Change

(30.5) 

(7.7) 

 (296.1) %  

(149.2) 

22.9 

2.5 

(5.1) 

25.1 

8.8 

26.2 

 (8.8) %  

 (71.6) %  

86.2 

3.9 

51.7 

98.7 

13.8 

 (388.6) %

 (12.7) %

 (71.7) %

 (119.5) %  

(59.1) 

164.2 

 (136.0) %

Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue

Manufacturing

Aftermarket 

Total 

 (5.4) %

 19.0  %

 (0.7) %

 (1.3) %

 (315.4) %

 21.3  %

 (10.8) %

 3.8 %

 (118.4) %

 (9.6) %

 17.9  %

 (2.9) %

 2.8  %

 (442.9) %

 20.8  %

 (13.9) %

 7.0 %

 (141.4) %

1. Non-IFRS Measure - See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.  

2022 Q4 Manufacturing Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $22.8 million, or 296.1%, compared to 2021 Q4. The decrease was driven by a 
decrease  in  deliveries,  unfavorable  sales  mix,  and  heightened  inflation  and  surcharges.  Decreased  margins  were  the  result  of 
operational  and  production  inefficiencies  caused  by  continuing  supply  disruptions.  In  addition,  the  Company  did  not  receive  any 
government  wage  subsidy  grants  in  2022  Q4,  as  compared  to  $2.3  million  received  in  2021  Q4,  as  the  programs  were  either 
discontinued or NFI was no longer eligible. Manufacturing experienced a 2022 Q4 net loss of $147.1 million compared to a net loss of 
$34.3  million  in  2021  Q4.  The  increase  in  Manufacturing  net  loss  was  mainly  attributable  to  a  $103.9  million  non-cash  goodwill 
impairment charge in ARBOC ($23.2 million) and the ADL Manufacturing ($80.7 million) cash generating units ("CGUs"). The goodwill 
impairment reflects increases in market rates, as well as timing of the market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related 
supply chain disruptions.  Also contributing to the net loss are the same items that impacted Manufacturing Adjusted EBITDA.

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2022  Q4  Aftermarket  realized  Adjusted  EBITDA  results  of  $22.9  million,  a  $2.2  million,  or  8.8%,  year-over-year  decrease.  The 
decrease  in  Adjusted  EBITDA  was  primarily  due  to  product  mix  and  inflationary  impacts  to  both  freight  and  part  costs  and  freight 
surcharges, where the Company was not fully able to pass along these impacts to its customers. 2021 Q4 saw the Company achieve 
heightened Aftermarket Adjusted EBITDA results, partially related to a multi-year retrofit program in the Asia-Pacific region, which 
will continue into 2023 Q1, but at a lower run rate as the program unwinds. 2022 Q4 Aftermarket net earnings decreased by $2.6 
million, or 12.3%, primarily due to the same items that impacted Aftermarket Adjusted EBITDA.

2022  Q4  Corporate  Adjusted  EBITDA  decreased  by  $6.2  million,  or  71.6%,  compared  to  2021  Q4,  primarily  as  a  result  of  foreign 
exchange  revaluation  adjustments  to  monetary  balances.  Corporate  expenses  included  in  the  calculation  of  net  loss  increased  by 
$26.4 million, or 597.7%, primarily due to increased interest on long-term debt and unfavourable mark-to-market adjustments to the 
Company's  interest  rate  swaps.  These  are  somewhat  offset  by  a  favourable  fair  value  adjustment  to  the  Company's  convertible 
debenture cash conversion option. 

Free Cash Flow1 and net cash generated by 
operating activities
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

2022 Q4

2021 Q4 % Change

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 % Change

Net cash (used in) generated by operating 
activities

Free Cash Flow

Free Cash Flow (CAD dollars)

1.5 

(21.8) 

(29.5) 

150.2 

(18.9) 

(23.9) 

 (99.0) %

 (15.3) %

 (23.4) %

Declared Dividends (CAD dollars) 

— 

16.4 

 (100.0) %

Free Cash Flow per Share (CAD dollars)2

(0.38) 

(0.33) 

 (15.2) %

Dividends per Share (CAD dollars)

— 

0.21 

 (100.0) %

(241.9) 

(170.3) 

(224.9) 

12.3 

(2.91) 

0.16 

115.2 

 (310.0) %

23.0 

28.5 

61.6 

0.41 

0.85 

 (840.4) %

 (889.1) %

 (80.0) %

 (809.8) %

 (81.2) %

Payout Ratio (Declared Dividends divided by 
Free Cash Flow)2

 — %

 (68.6) %

 (100.0) %

 (5.5) %

 216.1 %

 (102.5) %

1. Non-IFRS Measure - See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section. 

2. Represents a non-IFRS ratio, meaning it is derived from a non-IFRS measure, which does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way 
to  compare  NFI  to  other  companies.  The  ratio  is  calculated  using  Free  Cash  Flow,  which  is  a  non-IFRS  measure.  See  Non-IFRS  and  Other  Financial 
Measures section.

Free Cash Flow in 2022 Q4 decreased by $2.9 million, or 15.3%, compared to 2021 Q4, mainly due to a higher Adjusted EBITDA loss 
and higher outflows from changes in non-cash working capital. "NFI Forward", the Company's transformational restructuring initiative 
to generate cost savings, generated Adjusted EBITDA savings of $18.5 million and an additional $3.0 million Free Cash Flow savings in 
the quarter. 

Net  cash  generated  by  operating  activities  in  2022  Q4  was  $1.5  million,  a  decrease  of  $148.7  million  or  99.0%,  compared  to  cash 
generated in 2021 Q4, mainly due to the increase in cash used in working capital. The Fiscal 2022 net cash generated by operating 
activities decreased by 310.0%, primarily due to a increase in net losses and cash used in working capital.

Working Capital Days1
Liquidity ($ million)1

Backlog (EUs)
ROIC1

2022 Q4

2022 Q3

2022 Q2

2022 Q1

2021 Q4

68 

70 

72 

70 

69 

$ 

173.5 

$ 

471.4 

$ 

628.5 

$ 

649.0 

$ 

794.3 

9,186 

8,505 

9,674 

8,908 

8,448 

 (4.4) %

 (3.3) %

 (1.5) %

 1.1 %

 3.6 %

1. Working Capital Days and Liquidity represent supplementary financial measures. ROIC represents a non-IFRS ratio for the last 12-month period. See 
Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

As part of the Company's increased focus on cash conversion and leverage reduction, the Company is actively focused on reducing 
Working Capital Days, especially as it navigates through supply-related disruption to its operations. In 2022 Q4, Working Capital Days 
were 68, compared to 70 at the end of 2022 Q3, and 69 at the end of 2021 Q4. The decrease in Working Capital Days in 2022 Q4 
compared  to  2022  Q3  is  mostly  attributable  to  the  decrease  in  average  working  capital  balances,  mainly  due  to  decreases  in  WIP 
inventory. WIP inventory decreased by $125.7 million as buses previously awaiting parts have been completed and delivered.

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The  Company's  liquidity  position,  which  combines  cash  on-hand  plus  available  capacity  under  its  credit  facilities,  without 
consideration given to the minimum liquidity requirement ($25 million) under the Amended Facilities1, was $173.5 million as at the 
end  of  2022  Q4,  down  $297.9  million  from  the  end  of  2022  Q3,  where  the  minimum  liquidity  requirement  was  $250  million.  The 
decrease  in  liquidity  is  primarily  due  to  amendments  to  both  the  Company's  credit  and  UK  facilities.  Total  borrowing  under  the 
amended  credit  facility  has  decreased  to  $1  billion,  a  $250  million  decrease.  Total  borrowing  under  the  amended  UK  facility  has 
decreased  to  £40  million,  a  £10  million  decrease.  Also  contributing  to  the  decrease  in  liquidity  is  increased  drawings  under  the 
amended facilities.

At the end of 2022 Q4, the Company's total backlog (firm and options) was 9,186 EUs, an increase of 7.8% compared to 8,505 EUs at 
the  end  of  2022  Q3.  The  increase  was  driven  by  high  levels  of  new  awards  in  North  American  and  UK  transit  operations  in  the 
quarter, offset somewhat by higher deliveries and option expiries. In addition, 806 EUs of new firm and option orders were pending 
from  customers  at  the  end  of  2022  Q4,  where  approval  of  the  award  to  the  Company  had  been  made  by  the  customer’s  board, 
council, or commission, as applicable, but purchase documentation had not yet been received by the Company and therefore not yet 
included in the backlog.

LTM 2022 Q4 ROIC decreased by 1.1% from LTM 2022 Q3, due to the decrease in Adjusted EBITDA offset by a lower invested capital 
base.  The  decrease  in  invested  capital  is  primarily  due  to  a  decrease  in  shareholders'  equity,  partially  offset  by  the  increase  in 
average long-term debt.

Footnotes

1. As defined in the Capital Allocation section. 

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2022 Q4 HIGHLIGHTS

Similar  to  the  first  three  quarters  of  2022,  the  fourth  quarter  of  2022  continued  to  be  a  representation  of  the  broader  operating  and 
economic environment, with numerous long-term positive indicators, including increases in new orders, higher contract pricing, and high 
backlog  and  bid  activity,  offset  by  near-term  challenges  related  to  supply  chain  disruptions  and  heightened  inflation.  Manufacturing 
operations  continued  to  experience  inflation  impacts  and  operational  inefficiencies  resulting  from  global  supply  chain  and  logistics 
challenges  which  created  bottlenecks  and  significant  disruptions  to  NFI's  operations.  In  response  to  these  challenges,  NFI  continued  to 
operate at reduced new vehicle input rates, primarily by adjusting production, and by delaying some new vehicle line entries to match 
timing  of  parts  availability.  Within  the  fourth  quarter  of  2022,  the  Company  did  see  success  from  the  various  actions  taken  to  lower 
vehicle  inventory  balances  by  completing  buses  and  coaches  with  the  required  parts  as  they  were  received,  with  WIP  inventory 
decreasing by $125.7 million during the fourth quarter.

The supply chain disruptions and uncertainty have been especially challenging to NFI and others in the bus and motor vehicle industries. 
The majority of NFI's transit and coach customer orders are highly customized, with significant specification requirements by customers. 
In addition, production is typically subject to local content rules, such as Buy America provisions or local manufacturing requirements. 
These various factors limit the Company's ability to use alternative sources of supply and require dedicated manufacturing facilities for 
different product types by region. 

NFI’s  customers  continue  to  be  very  accommodating  to  the  supply  chain  challenges  that  have  continually  adjusted  the  Company's 
production  and  delivery  schedules.  NFI  has  continued  to  communicate  with  its  customers  to  provide  updates  and  coordinate  delivery 
schedules  based  on  supply  availability.  Similar  to  the  third  quarter  of  2022,  NFI  worked  with  customers  in  the  fourth  quarter  to  seek 
vehicle price increases and/or milestone payments in response to rising input costs. As of January 1, 2023, the Company had received 
$36.1  million  in  prepayments  and  is  continuing  to  work  with  other  customers  on  plans  that  would  help  alleviate  some  of  NFI's  working 
capital  investments  while  it  navigates  through  the  supply  chain  challenges.  This  program  is  ongoing  and,  if  successful,  may  have  a 
positive impact on 2023 working capital investments and operating cash flows.   

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company announced amendments to the Company’s Amended Facilities to provide covenant relief from 
previous key financial covenants for the fourth quarter of 2022 and the first two quarters of 2023 to the period ending June 30, 2023 (the 
“Waiver Period”). The full details of these amendments can be found in the Capital Allocation section of this MD&A. 

NFI  and  its  banking  syndicate  partners  are  now  focused  on  developing  new  long-term  credit  arrangements,  and  NFI  will  be  seeking 
agreements that provide appropriate capacity and covenants matched to the Company’s anticipated financial performance and recovery. 
The Company is targeting completion of these changes prior to the end of the Waiver Period.

Subsequent  to  quarter  end,  the  Company  announced  that  it  had  finalized  agreements  for  the  previously  announced  financial  support 
package  of  approximately  $187  million  with  the  Manitoba  Development  Corporation,  an  entity  that  provides  financial  services  and 
financial  instruments  on  behalf  of  the  Province  of  Manitoba,  and  Export  Development  Canada  (“EDC”),  a  Canadian  government  Crown 
corporation.

The  financial  support  package  includes  two  debt  facilities,  a  $37  million  facility  (C$50  million)  from  the  Manitoba  Development 
Corporation  (the  "Manitoba  Facility")  and  a  $50  million  facility  from  EDC  (the  "EDC  Facility"),  as  well  as  an  up  to  $100  million  surety 
reinsurance support arrangement with EDC for NFI’s surety and performance bonding requirements.

Strong Market Demand and Increasing Procurements

The Company continued to see strong metrics that measure future demand and activity during the fourth quarter of 2022. In 2022 Q4, 
new orders increased by 60.4% year-over-year, active bids of 10,507 EUs were at record levels, up  53.5% year-over-year, with 806 EUs in 
bid awards pending. This positions NFI for a strong quarter of backlog growth in the first quarter of 2023. The Company's 2022 Q4 Book-
to-Bill1  ratio  was  144.0%,  an  increase  from  131.9%  in  2021  Q4;  its  Fiscal  2022  Book-to-Bill  was  133.9%,  an  increase  from  115.1%  at  the 
same time last year. 

NFI's Total Public Bid Universe for North America was a record 30,784 EUs, up 17.0% year-over-year. The Company ended 2022 Q4 with 
5,169  EUs  of  bids  in  process  (the  highest  quarter  on  record),  and  another  5,338  EUs  of  bids  submitted,  down  from  the  record  high  of 
7,226 in 2022 Q3. See Appendix B for details. 

Footnotes

1. Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

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Given the highly customized nature of NFI's products, there is significant lead time between when an order is received to when a vehicle 
is delivered. Generally, in North America, NFI will begin production on an order six to twelve months after it is awarded. In international 
markets,  this  lead  time  can  be  anywhere  from  three  to  eight  months.  This  pre-production  period  is  utilized  to  complete  final 
engineering, coordinate supply delivery, and align production schedules. Due to this timing structure, there is a lag between when orders 
are received and when they impact NFI's financial results in the form of deliveries. 

Zero-Emission Mobility—The ZEvolutionTM

In 2022 Q4, NFI received orders for 1,118 EUs of battery-electric, ZEBs, a 780% increase from the 127 EUs in orders received in 2022 Q3. 
These 1,118 EUs of ZEBs equate to 43.4% of all new firm and option orders for the quarter, which increased from 28.0% in 2022 Q3.

At the end of 2022 Q4, NFI had 2,628 ZEBs in the backlog, representing a record of approximately 28.6% of the total backlog, and 15,689 
EUs, or 51.0%, of the Total Bid Universe was ZEBs, an increase of 54.6% year-over-year, which supports management's expectations for a 
continued increase in the demand for ZEBs.

NFI sells buses to all of the 25 largest transit authorities in North America and has electric vehicles in service with 17 of the top 25 transit 
agencies  in  North  America.  Within  the  fourth  quarter  of  2022,  the  Company  announced  new  zero-emission  and  electric  orders  for 
customers in Greater Manchester, UK; Winnipeg, Canada; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and San Diego, California; and MCI delivered its first 
zero-emission J4500 CHARGETM to a customer in California. Alexander Dennis also announced that it had received the largest bus order in 
the UK by number of vehicles since 2019, for 200 low-emission double deck buses.

Low-No Grants

In 2022, as part of the Federal Transit Administration’s (“FTA”) 2022 Low or No Emission (“Low-No”) and Buses and Bus Facilities Grant 
Programs, New Flyer supported the successful applications for almost $200 million in grants awarded to 15 U.S. public transit agencies. 
NFI was the named partner for two individual agency awards of over $25 million each, an increase from the $40 million in Low-No grants 
awarded to nine U.S. public transit agencies that NFI subsidiaries supported in 2021. 

While New Flyer has been named as a partner, new awards will not be added to NFI’s backlog until contract documentation is completed 
and  a  formal  purchase  order  is  received.  New  Flyer’s  success  with  Low-No  and  Buses  and  Bus  Facilities  grants  provide  future  backlog 
growth  opportunities.  In  addition,  approximately  $800  million  in  Low-No  grants  were  provided  to  transit  agencies  that  had  not  yet 
formally named a preferred partner, which the Company expects will generate future bidding activities going forward. 

NFI Forward Update

In  the  quarter,  NFI  continued  to  realize  savings  from  “NFI  Forward”,  the  Company’s  transformational  cost  reduction  and  sourcing 
initiative,  which  is  expected  to  lower  NFI’s  overhead  and  selling  general  and  administrative  (“SG&A”)  expenses  by  8%  to  10%, 
respectively,  based  on  2019  revenue  levels,  and  to  provide  direct  material  savings  from  input  cost  reductions  and  an  estimated  $10 
million in annualized Free Cash Flow generation. The Company has now achieved its NFI Forward target for Adjusted EBITDA savings of 
$67  million  (from  2019  levels),  one  year  earlier  than  its  original  target  of  the  end  of  2023.  Total  one-time  investments  incurred  to 
achieve the NFI Forward program were $14.1 million, a $103,000 increase from 2022 Q3. 

In July 2022, NFI launched a series of additional projects called “NFI Forward 2.0”, that are expected to generate additional annualized 
Adjusted EBITDA savings in 2023 and beyond. The initial project was the integration of NFI's Delaware parts distribution facility (a legacy 
parts warehouse of NABI that NFI acquired in 2013) into its existing NFI Parts™ footprint, which occurred during the third quarter of 2022 
and the facility has been successfully subleased. The Company is also planning to close the MCI coach manufacturing facility in Pembina, 
North Dakota, in the first half of 2023.

NFI  Forward  2.0  will  be  smaller  in  scale  and  financial  impact  when  compared  to  the  original  NFI  Forward  initiatives.  In  total,  the 
Company believes NFI Forward 2.0 will generate $5 million to $8 million in annual savings from one-time capital investments of $8 million 
to $10 million. The majority of these benefits are expected to be recognized in 2023.

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OUTLOOK

NFI  continues  to  face  challenges  to  its  business  from  macro  trends,  including  ongoing  supply  constraints,  inflation  in  parts,  raw 
materials  and  labour,  and  higher  interest  rates.  While  supply  chain  shortages  have  caused  significant  dislocation  and  disruption  to 
NFI's  operating  and  financial  performance  in  recent  years,  these  pressures  are  starting  to  alleviate  and  there  are  signs  of 
improvement. Despite these broader market challenges, NFI's business outlook remains strong based on its record backlog, growing 
demand for its products and government funding reaching historically high levels in its core markets. NFI has received significant new 
orders  in  2022  that  support  the  Company's  anticipated  financial  recovery,  including  new  firm  and  option  orders  for  5,786  EUs,  an 
increase of 60% from 2021. NFI's closing backlog (firm and options) was 9,186 EUs (valued at $5.6 billion). 

NFI was also encouraged by the high volume of active bus and motor coach procurements taking place in both North American and 
international  markets  during  2022.  The  Company's  North  American  active  bids  of  10,507  EUs  at  year  end  were  at  a  record  level, 
increasing  by  53.5%  year-over-year,  which  is  expected  to  drive  additional  backlog  growth  in  2023,  and  revenue  growth  in  the 
medium- and longer-term. NFI is also seeing increasing numbers of bids for zero-emission buses and coaches, with individual order 
sizes  for  those  vehicle  types  increasing  in  size.  In  2022  Q4,  NFI  received  orders  for  1,118  EUs  of  battery-electric,  ZEBs,  a  780% 
increase from the 127 EUs from 2022 Q3. NFI expects active bids will continue to remain high throughout 2023 as markets recover 
from the COVID-19 pandemic, supply shortages, and government funding is used by transit agencies and operators. 

While the Company had anticipated it would begin to ramp-up its production in earnest during the second half of 2022 and the first 
half of 2023, ongoing supply chain disruption and longer supplier lead times have pushed out the expected ramp up of production to 
the second half of 2023; ramp up remains subject to supply chain health showing sustained improvement. NFI anticipates its supply 
chains and parts availability will slowly improve, and the Company will be able to source additional labour required to drive higher 
production and volume deliveries in 2023, with the majority of the improvements coming in the second half of the year. 

Longer than anticipated supplier lead times and disrupted parts availability resulted in an increase of vehicles in inventory missing 
certain parts throughout 2022. NFI believes that the third quarter of 2022 was the peak of this inventory build-up; as WIP inventories 
decreased in the fourth quarter of 2022 once required parts were received and vehicles were completed and delivered. This included 
the successful delivery of all vehicles that were missing the previously disrupted control module supply. 

Similar to the entire global manufacturing industry, NFI has and continues to experience significant inflation with respect to supplier 
pricing and employee wages, and through raw materials purchased directly by NFI. The Company embedded an anticipated level of 
inflation  assumptions  into  its  2022  budget  projections;  however,  inflation  for  certain  components  exceeded  those  projections.  NFI 
has worked with customers to reprice certain contracts and a number of other contracts have clauses where a government purchase 
price  index  ("PPI")  is  applied  which  assists  in  passing  through  manufacturing  cost  inflation.  Generally,  when  an  option  contract  is 
exercised  from  NFI's  North  American  backlog,  a  PPI  adjustment  is  recorded  to  reflect  the  higher  input  costs  of  a  new  vehicle.  For 
those  contracts  where  these  clauses  are  not  applicable,  NFI  is  seeking  price  increases  and  surcharges  through  negotiations  with 
customers  and  surcharge  letters.  The  Company  has  experienced  some  success  with  these  efforts  and  expects  they  will  help  offset 
some of the inflation related margin pressure on select 2023 vehicle builds.  

NFI has completed the majority of its legacy contracts bid in 2020 and 2021 that are impacted by heightened inflation, but, due to 
supply chain constraints on delivery schedules, some depressed margin contracts will be realized in NFI's expected 2023 results. 

Credit Agreement Discussions and Deleveraging the Balance Sheet

With covenant relief in place under the Company's amended facilities until June 30, 2023, management is now focused on working 
with  its  banking  syndicate  partners  to  develop  new  multi-year  credit  arrangements.  NFI  will  be  seeking  agreements  that  provide 
appropriate  capacity,  flexibility,  and  covenants  which  support  the  Company’s  anticipated  operational  and  financial  recovery.  The 
Company is targeting completion of revised credit arrangements during the first half of 2023. 

As the Company works to complete the new credit agreements, it remains focused on cash management, liquidity and strengthening 
its balance sheet. Proceeds from the Manitoba Facility and the EDC Facility received in January 2023, will provide additional liquidity 
as will the continuing unwind of working capital primarily related to investments in WIP and raw material inventory. The inventory 
unwind will be somewhat offset by the impacts of deferred revenue where NFI received prepayments and deposits in 2022. In total, 
NFI anticipates it will see a net inflow of cash from working capital in 2023. NFI is also continuing to pursue advance payments and 
deposits  from  customers,  wherever  possible,  and  exploring  other  potential  opportunities  to  generate  cash  flows,  including  capital 
markets activities and potential sale and leaseback of select Company manufacturing facilities. 

The  Company  has  two  interest  rate  swaps  in  place  to  fix  the  interest  rate  which  the  Company  will  pay.  One  swap  is  in  place  on 
$540.0 million at 2.27% plus an applicable margin until October 2023 and another on $200 million at 0.24% plus an applicable margin 
that matures in 2024. The Company also has  a 5% annual coupon rate on its convertible debentures which mature in 2027. These 

25 

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have assisted in lowering the Company's exposure to floating interest rate increases, although the Company does expect it will see an 
increase in interest costs in 2023 as the $540 million interest rate swap matures and higher base interest rates apply to debt portions 
that do not have an interest rate swap in place.

As  the  Company  expects  to  be  unable  to  comply  with  certain  of  its  financial  covenants  under  the  terms  of  its  credit  facilities 
beginning  on  July  1,  2023.  These  events  result  in  a  material  uncertainty  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  as  to  the  ability  of  the 
Company to continue as a going concern. The audited consolidated financial statements do not reflect adjustments that would be 
necessary if the Company was not a going concern. The Company expects operations to continue into the long-term.  The Company is 
taking  a  number  of  operational  steps  including  cost  savings  measures  to  ensure  adequate  short-term  liquidity.  Additionally,  the 
Company is continuing to work directly with suppliers and sub-suppliers to search for alternate or substitute parts where possible, 
increase production line parts inventories and develop longer lead times to better support new vehicle production. 

In  assessing  whether  the  going  concern  assumption  was  appropriate,  the  Company  took  into  account  all  relevant  information 
available  about  the  future  including  its  backlog,  demand  for  its  products,  government  funding  levels  in  its  core  markets  and  the 
Company's ability to raise additional capital from various sources, including capital markets. Full details can be found in Note 2.1 of 
the audited consolidated financial statements.

Market Recovery Post-COVID-19 Pandemic and Supply Chain Constraints

The Company’s bus and coach product lines (New Flyer, ARBOC, MCI and ADL) are primarily used for public transit, which remains a 
critical method of transportation and economic enabler for users in cities around the world. Public transit has also been a significant 
area of investment focus for governments as they seek to improve ridership access, reduce urban congestion, and achieve emissions 
targets.  These  investments  increased  NFI's  new  orders  in  2022,  that  when  combined  with  existing  backlog  and  bid  activity,  are 
expected  to  drive  significant  revenue  growth  for  NFI  from  2023  through  2025  and  beyond.  This  anticipated  revenue  growth  when 
combined with expected improvements in margins from operating efficiencies and movement beyond current inflationary pressures, 
are also expected to generate Adjusted EBITDA improvements. 

The  importance  of  long-term  government  funding  in  key  markets  cannot  be  understated,  as  it  allows  public  transit  agencies  to 
proceed with confidence regarding their multi-year fleet replacement plans and procurements. In addition to funding, ridership has 
started  to  recover,  with  American  Public  Transportation  Association  ("APTA")  reporting  that  public  transit  ridership  in  the  U.S.  for 
September 2022 surpassed 70% of pre-pandemic levels. 

Late in Fiscal 2021, NFI began to experience significant supplier disruption across key components such as windows, air conditioning 
units,  emission  systems,  plastics,  hoses  and  key  electrical  components  that  contain  micro-processors.  The  Company  saw  some 
improvement  in  the  second  quarter  of  2022,  but  critical  electrical  components  remained  a  significant  challenge.  In  the  third  and 
fourth  quarters  of  2022  there  was  further  disruption  driven  by  wire  harnesses,  electrical  hybrid  drive  systems  and  inverters  for 
electric buses. There was some improvement in supply of these components, especially wire harnesses, to end 2022 and at the start 
of  2023  electrical  sub-component  supply  has  improved  to  NFI's  Tier  1  suppliers.  Overall  risks  remain  elevated  for  certain  suppliers 
who  are  reliant  on  electrical  components  and  microprocessors.  NFI  has  taken  numerous  proactive  efforts  to  improve  supply  chain 
health including the use of alternative suppliers, working several levels down in the supply chain, finding components for our Tier 1 
suppliers, increasing inventories of raw materials on hand, and increasing our lead times to suppliers, in some cases moving from 6 
weeks of lead time to more than 12 weeks. Based on discussions with suppliers the Company continues to expect that suppliers will 
be able to support NFI's planned production ramp-up in the second half of 2023. 

NFI's  overall  continued  end  market  recovery  will  be  dependent  upon  several  factors,  including  inflation  rates,  labour  availability, 
reliability  of  supply  of  component  parts,  government  funding  for  public  transit,  other  COVID-19-related  impacts,  and  green  fleet 
investments. These factors will differ by business, product type and geography. It is also important to note that there are significant 
lead times between when NFI receives an order and when a vehicle enters production. 

Strong Government Support for Recovery and Zero-Emission Transition 

In  each  of  NFI’s  end  markets,  government  support  for  public  transit  vehicles  continues  to  be  at  an  all-time  high.  Not  only  has 
government support for transit operations remained strong during the global pandemic, governments have also committed billions of 
dollars for long-term fleet investments in zero-emission vehicles and infrastructure. 

In the U.S., the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ("IIJA") signed in 2021 includes $86.9 billion over five years for the FTA; the 
IIJA also authorized an additional $21.2 billion in supplemental appropriations from general revenues, for a total of $108 billion in 
FTA funding, a 63% increase from the previous government funding act. Generally, U.S. public agencies can secure up to 80% of the 
capital  costs  for  a  new  transit  bus  from  FTA  funds,  with  the  remaining  20%  coming  from  state  and  local  sources.  The  Canadian 
government has committed over C$17 billion to 2027 to support Canadian public transit. The funding includes C$1.5 billion flowing 
through the Canada Infrastructure Bank ("CIB") to support the adoption of ZEBs and charging infrastructure. 

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The  UK  government  also  continues  to  support  purchases  of  low-  and  zero-emission  buses,  and  has  previously  committed  to 
introducing 4,000 British-built zero-emission buses through its various funding programs, with several rounds of the Zero Emission Bus 
Regional Areas, or ZEBRA, funding scheme having already been released. Alexander Dennis has received several customer orders for 
ZEBs funded by ZEBRA.  

As  the  market  leader  in  North  American  transit  and  coach  operations  and  the  UK's  leading  provider  of  buses  and  coaches, 
management believes NFI is extremely well-positioned for both the near- and long-term based on the multi-year commitments being 
made by governments in all of the Company's core markets. 

The Company also continues to focus on growing its Infrastructure SolutionsTM business. Since its inception, Infrastructure SolutionsTM 
has been responsible for the delivery of 311 plug-in and 33 overhead charger projects, for a total of 58 megawatts ("MW") charging 
capacity, for 51 different customers. Currently, Infrastructure SolutionsTM has projects under contract for 2023/24 with 10 existing 
and 7 new customers, which will add 140 plug-in and 32 overhead depot chargers, for a total of 41 MW.

Other International Markets

NFI's  international  expansion  through  ADL  is  expected  to  continue,  with  plans  for  further  growth  in  new  and  existing  markets 
including New Zealand, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Germany where multi-year, multi-million dollar funding investments are 
being made by governments with commitments to deliver zero-emission transportation. 

Although the proposed legislation, government plans and announcements referred to above are encouraging for the future of public 
transit, management does not yet know how, when or if the proposals and funds will materialize, contracts will be awarded to the 
Company, or the expected impact on NFI's financial performance. NFI will continue to monitor and provide updates as appropriate. 
Management  anticipates  that  the  strong  underlying  financial  support  from  governments  will  provide  significant  opportunities  for 
NFI to grow revenue from increased market demand for its products. 

Financial Guidance and Targets

NFI presents the following guidance for Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2024, and targets for Fiscal 2025:

Revenue

$3.2 billion

$2.5 to $2.8 billion

$3.2 to $3.6 billion 

~$4 billion

2019 Pro-forma 
Results 

2023 Guidance

2024 Guidance

2025 Targets

ZEB (electric) as a percentage 
of manufacturing sales

Adjusted EBITDA2

Cash Capital Expenditures – 
including NFI Forward 2.0
Return on Invested Capital - 
provided for 2025 targets

6%

25% - 30%

30% - 35%

~40%

$331 million

$30 to $60 million

$250 to $300 million

~$400 million

$38 million

$35 to $40 million

$50 to $60 million

~$50 million

9.8%

>12%

1.

Non-IFRS Measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

The above table outlines guidance ranges for selected Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2024 financial metrics and 2025 financial targets. These 
ranges take into consideration management's current outlook combined with 2022 and 2023 year-to-date results and are based on 
the assumptions set out below. The purpose of the financial guidance and targets are to assist investors, shareholders, and others 
in understanding management's expectations for the Company's financial performance going forward. The information may not be 
appropriate  for  other  purposes.  Information  about  guidance  and  targets,  including  the  various  assumptions  underlying  it,  is 
forward-looking and should be read in conjunction with the section “Forward-Looking Statements” and the related disclosure and 
information  about  various  assumptions,  factors,  and  risks  that  may  cause  actual  future  financial  and  operating  results  to  differ 
from management’s current expectations.

NFI  has  adjusted  its  Fiscal  2025  long-term  targets,  originally  announced  in  January  2021,  with  expectations  to  now  deliver 
approximately  $4  billion  in  revenue,  and  Adjusted  EBITDA  of  approximately  $400  million,  with  ~40%  of  vehicle  sales  coming  from 
ZEBs and a ROIC of greater than 12% (unchanged). The original targets were for $3.9 to $4.1 billion of revenue, $400 to $450 million 
of Adjusted EBITDA and a ROIC of greater than 12%. The 2025 targets have been lowered slightly to reflect the anticipated timing of 
market recoveries based on the challenges experienced in 2022 and the expectation that the first half of 2023 will continue to be 
challenged by supply disruption and that new vehicle production rates will not increase until later in 2023. In addition, the expected 
timing  of  significant  UK  government  funding  for  fleet  replacements  has  been  moved  from  2023  and  2024  into  2024  and  2025, 
impacting the anticipated timing of vehicle delivery volumes in that market.

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The  2023  and  2024  guidance  ranges  provided  above  and  the  2025  targets  are  driven  by  numerous  expectations  and  assumptions 
including, but not limited to, the following: 

a.

b.

c.

Revenue: Anticipated revenue growth in 2023, 2024 and 2025 is based on NFI's firm order backlog, current 2023 and 2024 
production schedules, expected backlog option order conversion, and anticipated 2023, 2024 and 2025 new vehicle orders 
and aftermarket parts sales. Revenue guidance and targets reflect higher volume of ZEB sales and anticipated product mix 
benefits  plus  expected  international  sales  expansion.  The  guidance  ranges  also  reflect  potential  variances  in  delivery 
volumes from supply disruption, product mix and expected timing of production recovery driving improved efficiency in the 
second half of 2023 and Fiscal 2024 and Fiscal 2025.  

ZEB  Sales:  Expected  growth  in  the  percentage  of  ZEB  sales  is  based  on  NFI's  firm  order  backlog,  the  Company’s  existing 
vehicle inventory, 2023 and 2024 production schedules, anticipated 2023, 2024 and 2025 new vehicle orders, anticipated 
backlog  option  order  conversion  and  from  review  of  customers  capital  and  fleet  renewal  plans  that  suggest  there  will 
continue to be  increases in their demand for electric vehicles. 

Adjusted  EBITDA:  Adjusted  EBITDA  is  expected  to  increase  in  both  2023,  2024  and  2025  as  the  Company  anticipates 
recoveries in new vehicle deliveries, changes to product mix, a higher percentage of ZEB deliveries and improved operating 
margins, especially from the second half of 2023 onwards, due to anticipated recovery in supply chain health. In addition, 
while there will be some impact to margins from legacy inflation adjusted contracts in 2023, the majority of NFI's contracts 
going forward reflect updated pricing with higher input costs and inflation adjustments. In addition, the Company has now 
achieved  its  targeted  cost  savings  of  $67  million  from  the  NFI  Forward  initiative,  which  are  expected  to  continue,  and 
anticipates  an  additional  $5  million  to  $8  million  of  additional  savings  from  projects  entitled  NFI  Forward  2.0.  The  total 
cost savings achieved under NFI Forward are expected to be somewhat offset by the impacts of inflation on wage and other 
input costs.

d.

ROIC: 2025 Targets are driven by the factors noted above combined with the expectation that there will not be significant 
changes in tax rates from current levels.

Guidance and targets above are conditional on several factors and expectations, including the recovery of supply chains and other 
COVID-19-related  impacts,  a  higher  percentage  of  ZEB  sales  (which  provide  a  higher  revenue  and  dollar  margin  benefit),  the 
mitigation  of  inflationary  pressures,  end  markets  recovering  inline  with  management  expectations,  international  expansion, 
aftermarket parts sales, continuous improvement initiatives as well as obtaining a new multi-year credit agreement and availability 
of adequate liquidity.

NFI's guidance and targets are subject to the risk of extended duration of the current supply disruptions and the risk of additional 
supply  disruptions  affecting  particular  key  components.  In  addition,  the  guidance  and  targets  do  not  reflect  potential  escalated 
impact on supply chains or other factors arising directly or indirectly as a result of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Although 
NFI does not have direct suppliers based in Russia or Ukraine, additional supply delays and possible shortages of critical components 
may  arise  as  the  conflict  progresses  and  if  certain  suppliers’  operations  and/or  subcomponent  supply  from  affected  countries  are 
disrupted  further.  In  addition,  there  may  also  be  further  general  industry-wide  price  increases  for  components  and  raw  materials 
used in vehicle production as well as further increases in the cost of labour and potential difficulties in sourcing an increase in the 
supply of labour. See Appendix A Forward Looking Statements for risks and other factors and the Company's filings on SEDAR. 

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SELECTED QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL FINANCIAL AND OPERATING INFORMATION

The following selected condensed consolidated financial and operating information of the Company has been derived from and should be 
read in conjunction with the historical and current Financial Statements of the Company.

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per Share figures)

Fiscal Period

Quarter

Revenue

Earnings (loss) 
from operations

Net earnings 

(loss) Adjusted EBITDA1

Earnings (loss) 
per Share

2022

2021

2020

Q4  

Q3  

Q2  

Q1  

682,604 

514,047 

397,952 

459,330 

(140,153)   

(150,360)   

(43,479)   

(64,218)   

(41,763)   

(42,595)   

(56,740)   

(28,068)   

(5,103)   

(15,709)   

(21,345)   

(16,942)   

Total

2,053,933 

(289,613)   

(277,763)   

(59,099)   

Q4  

Q3  

Q2  
Q1  

694,843 

492,038 

582,794 
574,119 

Total

2,343,794 

Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

711,523 

663,934 

333,334 

710,384 

(4,785)   

(2,797)   

26,675 
26,918 

46,011 

32,531 

(16,453)   

(72,001)   

(25,406)   

(8,691)   

(15,415)   

2,588 
7,033 

26,154 

31,330 

51,856 
54,841 

(14,485)   

164,181 

8,465 

(24,912)   

(74,050)   

(67,239)   

64,956 

60,885 

(24,229)   

56,071 

157,683 

(1.94) 

(0.56) 

(0.74) 

(0.36) 

(3.60) 

(0.12) 

(0.22) 

0.04 
0.10 

(0.21) 

0.14 

(0.40) 

(1.18) 

(1.08) 

(2.52) 

Total

2,419,175 

(81,329)   

(157,736)   

COMPARISON OF FOURTH QUARTER 2022 RESULTS

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Statement of Earnings Data

Revenue

North America

United Kingdom and Europe

Asia Pacific

Other

Manufacturing operations

North America

United Kingdom and Europe

Asia Pacific

Other

Aftermarket operations

Total revenue

(Loss) earnings from operations

(Loss) earnings before interest and income taxes

Net Loss

Adjusted EBITDA1

Cash capital expenditures

1. Non-IFRS Measure - See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section. 

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

408,192   

379,501 

1,179,846   

1,428,001 

145,265   

161,867 

361,681   

362,052 

8,907   

35,970 

27,234   

79,713 

—   

— 

—   

— 

562,364   

577,338 

1,568,761   

1,869,766 

95,102   

19,954   

5,184   

—   

86,242 

19,311 

11,952 

— 

375,103   

348,247 

79,166   

30,903   

—   

78,448 

47,333 

— 

120,240   

117,505 

485,172   

474,028 

682,604  $ 

694,843  $  2,053,933  $  2,343,794 

(140,153)  $ 

(4,785)  $ 

(289,613)  $ 

46,011 

(136,634)  $ 

(10,398)  $ 

(288,450)  $ 

34,108 

(150,360)  $ 

(8,691)  $ 

(277,763)  $ 

(14,484) 

(5,103)  $ 

26,154  $ 

(59,099)  $ 

164,181 

4,732  $ 

12,948  $ 

21,371  $ 

33,514 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

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Results of Operations

The  discussion  below  with  respect  to  revenue,  operating  costs,  expenses,  and  earnings  from  operations  has  been  divided  between  the 
Manufacturing and Aftermarket operations segments.

Revenue

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Manufacturing Revenue

Aftermarket Revenue

Total Revenue

(Loss) earnings from Operations

(Loss) earnings before interest and income taxes

Loss before income tax expense

Net Loss

2022 Q4

562,364   

120,240   

682,604   

(140,153)   

(136,634)   

(161,308)   

(150,360)   

2021 Q4

577,338 

117,505 

694,843 

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

1,568,761   

1,869,766 

485,172   

474,028 

2,053,933   

2,343,794 

(4,785)   

(10,398)   

(9,757)   

(8,691)   

(289,613)   

(288,450)   

(325,184)   

46,011 

34,108 

(4,928) 

(277,763)   

(14,484) 

Manufacturing  revenue  for  2022  Q4  decreased  by  $15.0  million,  or  2.6%,  compared  to  2021  Q4.  Manufacturing  revenue  for  Fiscal  2022 
decreased by $301.0 million, or 16.1%, compared to Fiscal 2021. 2022 Q4 revenue decreased as a result of decreased deliveries during the 
quarter.  Fiscal  2022  figures  decreased  primarily  as  a  result  of  the  overall  reduction  in  deliveries  resulting  from  global  supply  chain  and 
logistics  challenges,  which  created  numerous  bottlenecks  in  the  supply  chain  and  disruptions  to  parts  availability,  resulting  in  operational 
inefficiencies. 

Aftermarket revenue for 2022 Q4 increased by $2.7 million, or 2.3% compared to 2021 Q4. Aftermarket revenue for Fiscal 2022 increased by  
$11.1  million,  or  2.4%,  compared  to  Fiscal  2021.  The  increase  in  revenue  for  both  periods  is  related  to  increased  volume,  the  increased 
volume  is  despite  the  additional  week  in  2021  Q4.    The  Company  also  continues  to  benefit  from  a  multi-year  retrofit  program  in  the  Asia-
Pacific  region,  which  has  continued  throughout  2022,  but  at  a  lower  run  rate  as  the  program  unwinds.  This  decrease  of  sales  in  the  Asia-
Pacific region is offset by increases in the North America region.

Cost of sales 

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Manufacturing

Direct cost of sales

Depreciation and amortization

Other overhead

Manufacturing cost of sales

As percent of Manufacturing Sales

Aftermarket

Direct cost of sales

Depreciation and amortization

Aftermarket cost of sales

As percent of Aftermarket Sales

Total Cost of Sales

As percent of Sales

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

491,847 

19,867 

63,153 

574,867 

478,929 

1,372,231 

1,505,047 

22,490 

72,583 

77,788 

204,132 

86,539 

189,736 

574,002 

1,654,151 

1,781,322 

 102.2 %

 99.4 %

 105.4 %

 95.3 %

83,094 

2,713 

85,807 

77,340 

2,629 

79,969 

339,945 

10,707 

350,652 

316,261 

10,616 

326,877 

 71.4 %

 68.1 %

 72.3 %

 69.0 %

660,674 

653,971 

2,004,803 

2,108,199 

 96.8 %

 94.1 %

 97.6 %

 89.9 %

The consolidated cost of sales for 2022 Q4 increased by $6.7 million, or 1.0%, compared to 2021 Q4. The consolidated cost of sales for Fiscal 
2022 decreased by 103.4 million, or 4.9%, compared to Fiscal 2021.

Cost of sales from Manufacturing operations in 2022 Q4 was $574.9 million (102.2% of Manufacturing operations revenue) compared to $574.0 
million  (99.4%  of  Manufacturing  operations  revenue)  in  2021  Q4,  an  increase  of  $0.9  million,  or  0.2%.  Cost  of  sales  from  Manufacturing 
operations  in  Fiscal  2022  was  $1.7  billion  (105.4%  of  Manufacturing  operations  revenue)  compared  to  $1.8  billion  (95.3%  of  Manufacturing 
operations  revenue)  in  Fiscal  2021.  Cost  of  sales  increased  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  in  both  periods,  mainly  due  to  operational 
inefficiencies resulting from supply shortages and impacts of inflation. Government grant programs, which were primarily received to assist 

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with  the  retention  of  skilled  personnel,  ended  and  therefore  resulted  in  no  amounts  being  recorded  in  2022  compared  to  the  significant 
support received in the same period in 2021, resulting in lower cost of sales as a percentage of revenue in the prior year. 

Cost of sales from Aftermarket operations in 2022 Q4 was $85.8 million (71.4% of Aftermarket revenue) compared to $80.0 million (68.1% of 
Aftermarket revenue) in 2021 Q4, an increase of 3.3% as a percentage of revenue. Cost of sales from Aftermarket operations in Fiscal 2022 
was $350.7 million (72.3% of Aftermarket revenue) compared to $326.9 million (69.0% of Aftermarket revenue) in Fiscal 2021. Cost of sales 
increased as a percentage of revenue in both periods primarily due to product mix and the effects of inflation, including freight costs, that 
were not fully transferred to the end customer.

Gross Margins

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Manufacturing

Aftermarket

Total Gross Margins

As a percentage of sales

Manufacturing

Aftermarket

2022 Q4

(12,520) 

34,432 

21,912 

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

3,336 

37,536 

40,872 

(85,409) 

134,520 

49,111 

88,445 

147,150 

235,595 

 (2.2) %

 28.6 %

 3.2 %

 0.6 %

 31.9 %

 5.9 %

 (5.4) %

 27.7 %

 2.4 %

 4.7 %

 31.0 %

 10.1 %

There was negative gross margin in Manufacturing for 2022 Q4 of $12.5 million ((2.2%) of Manufacturing revenue), which decreased by $15.9 
million  compared  to  a  gross  margin  of $3.3  million  (0.6%  of  revenue)  for 2021  Q4.  There  were  negative  gross  margins  in  Manufacturing  for 
Fiscal 2022  of $85.4 million ((5.4)% of Manufacturing revenue), which decreased by 173.9 million, or 196.6%, compared to a gross margin of 
$88.4 million (4.7% of Manufacturing revenue) in Fiscal 2021.

Manufacturing  gross  margin  decreased  as  a  percentage  of  revenue  in  both  periods,  mainly  due  to  heightened  inflation  and  operational 
inefficiencies resulting from supply chain and logistics challenges. The supply chain challenges that caused a shortage of key parts caused low 
production volumes, resulting in the Company absorbing more fixed overhead on a per unit basis. At the end of 2021, the Company was no 
longer  eligible  for  government  grants,  which  were  primarily  received  to  assist  with  the  retention  of  skilled  personnel.  This  resulted  in  no 
amounts being recorded in 2022 compared to the significant support received in the same period in 2021, contributing to a lower gross margin 
percentage. 

Aftermarket gross margins for 2022 Q4 of $34.4 million (28.6% of Aftermarket revenue) decreased by $3.1 million, or 8.3%, compared to 2021 
Q4  gross  margins  of  $37.5  million  (31.9%  of  Aftermarket  revenue).  Aftermarket  gross  margins  for  Fiscal  2022  of  134.5  million  (27.7%  of 
Aftermarket  revenue)  decreased  by  12.6  million,  or  8.6%,  compared  to  Fiscal  2021  gross  margins  of  147.2  million  (31.0%  of  Aftermarket 
revenue). The decrease in gross margins and gross margins as a percentage of revenue for both periods is mainly due to product mix and the 
effects of inflation as increases to labour, freight and product costs were not fully transferred to the end customer.

Selling, general and administrative costs and other operating expenses (“SG&A”)

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Selling expenses

General and administrative expenses

Other costs

Total SG&A

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

7,484   

48,981   

1,163   

57,628   

7,735 

46,557 

1,094 

55,386 

32,009   

198,739   

9,300   

27,271 

176,868 

1,030 

240,048   

205,169 

The  consolidated  SG&A  for  2022  Q4  of  $57.6  million  (8.4%  of  consolidated  revenue)  increased  by $2.2  million,  or  4.0%,  compared  to  $55.4 
million (8.0% of consolidated revenue) in 2021 Q4. The consolidated SG&A for Fiscal 2022 of $240.0 million (11.7% of consolidated revenue) 
increased by 34.9 million, or 17.0%, compared to $205.2 million (8.8% of consolidated revenue) in Fiscal 2021.

31 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

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SG&A  expenses  in  2022  Q4  increased  across  business  units  to  meet  operational  needs  and  have  increased  due  to  the  effects  of  inflation.  
Additionally, the increase for Fiscal 2022 is impacted by a $7.0 million legal settlement which was incurred during 2022 Q2, and a liability 
related to the closure of the Pembina facility and the related withdrawal from the multi-employer pension plan of $7.0 million. In 2021 Q4,  
the  Company  received  $2.5  million  of  government  grants  and  $7.7  million  for  Fiscal  2021.  These  grants  offset  costs  during  those  periods, 
while in 2022 the Company was no longer eligible for these specific grants that were primarily received to assist with the retention of skilled 
personnel.  This  resulted  in  no  amounts  being  recorded  in  2022  compared  to  the  significant  support  received  in  the  same  periods  in  2021, 
resulting in higher SG&A as a percentage of revenue.

Government Grants

The Company recorded government grants during the year on a net basis to the following categories:

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Cost of sales

—   

2,039.0 

—   

48,382.0 

Selling, general and administration costs and other operating 
expenses

Total government grants

—   

—   

295.0 

2,334.0 

—   

—   

8,059.0 

56,441.0 

Realized foreign exchange loss/gain 

In 2022 Q4, the Company recorded a realized foreign exchange loss of $0.6 million compared to a gain of $9.7 million in 2021 Q4. In Fiscal 
2022, the Company recorded a realized foreign exchange gain of $5.2 million compared to a gain of $15.6 million in Fiscal 2021.

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to buy various currencies in which it operates with U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars and 
GBP.  The  purchase  of  these  currencies  using  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  at  favorable  forward  rates  compared  to  the  spot  rates  at 
settlement were the primary reason for the gains in the fiscal period.

Earnings (loss) from operations

Consolidated  losses  from  operations  in  2022  Q4  were  $140.2  million  ((20.5%)  of  consolidated  revenue)  compared  to  losses  of  $4.8  million 
((0.7%) of consolidated revenue) in 2021 Q4, an increase of $135.4 million or 2820.8%. Consolidated losses from operations in Fiscal 2022 were 
289.7 million ((14.1)% of consolidated revenue) compared to earnings of 46.0 million (2.0% of consolidated revenue) in Fiscal 2021.

2022 Q4 losses from operations attributable to the Manufacturing Segment were $156.6 million ((27.9)% of Manufacturing revenue) compared 
to  losses  of  $35.6  million  ((6.2)%  of  Manufacturing  revenue)  in  2021  Q4.  Losses  from  Manufacturing  operations  in  Fiscal  2022  were  $356.1 
million ((22.7)% of Manufacturing revenue) compared to losses of $46.0 million ((2.5)% of Manufacturing revenue) in Fiscal 2021. The decrease 
as  a  percentage  of  revenue  in  2022  Q4  was  primarily  attributable  to  lower  new  vehicle  deliveries,  increased  inflation  and  operational 
inefficiencies resulting from supply chain and logistics challenges. 

Earnings from operations related to Aftermarket operations in 2022 Q4 were $17.7 million (14.7% of Aftermarket revenue) compared to $21.2 
million  (18.0%  of  Aftermarket  revenue)  in  2021  Q4.  Earnings  from  operations  related  to  Aftermarket  operations  in  Fiscal  2022  were  $66.0 
million (13.6% of Aftermarket revenue) compared to $83.3 million (17.6% of Aftermarket revenue) in Fiscal 2021.  Earnings from Aftermarket 
operations  over  both  periods  were  lower  due  to  unfavourable  sales  mix,  and  the  inflationary  impact  on  costs  that  were  not  fully  passed 
through to the customer.

Unrealized foreign exchange gain/loss

The Company has recognized a net unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) consisting of the following:

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Unrealized gain (loss) on forward foreign exchanges contracts

Unrealized gain (loss) on other long-term monetary assets/liabilities

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

5,657   

(1,728)   

3,929   

594 

(6,393)   

(5,799)   

(6,631)   

7,229   

598   

(4,048) 

(7,743) 

(11,791) 

At January 1, 2023, the Company had $50 million of foreign exchange forward contracts to buy currencies in which the Company operates 
(U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, and GBP). The related asset of $1.7 million (January 2, 2022: $0.4 million asset) is recorded on the audited 

32 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
consolidated  statement  of  financial  positions  as  a  current  derivative  financial  instruments  asset  and  the  corresponding  change  in  the  fair 
value of the foreign exchange forward contracts is recorded in the audited consolidated statements of net loss and total comprehensive loss.

Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes (“EBIT”)

In  2022  Q4,  the  Company  recorded  an  EBIT  loss  of  $136.6  million  compared  to  EBIT  loss  of  $10.4  million  in  2021  Q4.  In  Fiscal  2022,  the 
Company recorded EBIT loss of $288.5 million compared to EBIT of $34.1 million in Fiscal 2021. 

Interest and finance costs

The  interest  and  finance  charges  for  2022  Q4  of  $24.7  million  increased  by  $25.4  million  compared  2021  Q4.  The  quarterly  increase  is 
primarily due to higher interest cost, a fair market value loss on the adjustment to the Company's interest rate swaps and lower gain on the 
adjustment to the Company's embedded derivatives. The Company had a fair market value loss on the interest rate swap of $1.2 million in 
2022  Q4  compared  to  a  gain  of  $9.9  million  in  2021  Q4.  The  Company  had  a  fair  market  value  gain  on  its  cash  conversion  option  of  $5.6 
million compared to $10.9 million in 2021 Q4. 

The interest and finance charges for Fiscal 2022 of $36.7 million decreased by $2.3 million compared to Fiscal 2021. The yearly decrease is 
mostly  related  to  higher  fair  market  value  gain  on  the  adjustment  to  the  Company's  interest  rate  swap  as  well  as  the  Company's  cash 
conversion option, offset by increased interest related to the Company's convertible debt.  The Company had a fair market value gain on the 
interest rate swap of $37.7 million in Fiscal 2022 compared to a gain of $23.2 million in Fiscal 2021. The Company had a fair market value 
gain on the cash conversion option of $16.6 million in Fiscal 2022 compared to $10.9 million in Fiscal 2021. 

The fair market value adjustments on the interest rate swaps relate to risk management activities management has undertaken to reduce the 
uncertainty related to the Company's cost of borrowing. The Company's first interest rate swap fixes the interest rate which the Company will 
pay on $600.0 million of its long-term debt at 2.27% plus an applicable margin. The fixed portion amortizes $20 million annually and matures 
in October 2023. The notional value of the swap as at January 1, 2023 was $540 million. 

On July 9, 2020, the Company entered into a $200 million amortizing notional interest rate swap designed to hedge floating rate exposure on 
its Credit Facility. The interest rate swap fixes the interest rate at 0.243% plus applicable margin until July 2025. The swap begins amortizing 
on January 9, 2023 at  a rate of $20 million per annum. The Company's accounting policy does not designate these types of instruments as 
accounting hedges. As a result, interest rate increases will result in mark-to-market gains, while interest rate decreases will result in mark-
to-market losses.

The fair value of the interest rate swap asset of $27.8 million at January 1, 2023 (January 2, 2022: liability of $30.5 million) was recorded on 
the audited consolidated statements of financial position as a derivative financial instruments liability and the change in fair value has been 
recorded in finance costs for the reported period.

Earnings (loss) before income taxes (“EBT”)

EBT loss for 2022 Q4 of $161.3 million increased by $151.6 million compared to EBT loss of $9.8 million in 2021 Q4. EBT loss for Fiscal 2022 of 
$325.2 million increased by $320.3 million compared to EBT loss of $4.9 million in Fiscal 2021. The primary driver is a $103.9 million non-cash 
goodwill impairment charge in ARBOC ($23.2 million) and the ADL Manufacturing ($80.7 million) cash generating units ("CGUs"). The goodwill 
impairment reflects increases in market interest rates, as well as timing of the market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related 
supply chain disruptions. Other factors attributing to the changes of EBT are addressed in the Earnings (loss) from Operations and interest and 
finance costs sections above.

Income tax expense 

The  income  tax  recovery  for  2022  Q4  was  $10.9  million  compared  to  $1.1  million  in  2021  Q4.  The  income  tax  recovery  is  primarily  due  to 
reduced earnings before taxes, and the recognition of previously unrecognized foreign tax credits, offset by the detrimental impact of a non-
deductible  goodwill  impairment,  and  the  derecognition  of  deferred  tax  assets  associated  with  Canadian  loss  carryforwards,  and  restricted 
interest in the UK.

The income tax recovery for Fiscal 2022 was $47.4 million compared to an expense of $9.6 million in Fiscal 2021. The increase in the overall 
income  tax  recovery  is  primarily  due  to  reduced  earnings  before  taxes,  recovery  of  state  income  taxes,  the  recognition  of  previously 
derecognized foreign tax credits, and the impact of the revaluation of deferred tax balances due to the increase in the UK corporate tax rate 
from  19%  to  25%,  which  negatively  impacted  the  Fiscal  2021  Effective  Tax  Rate  ("ETR").  The  above  beneficial  items  were  offset  by  the 
detrimental impact of a non-deductible goodwill impairment, non-deductible foreign exchange, and the derecognition of deferred tax assets 
associated with both Canadian loss carryforwards, and restricted interest in the UK.

The  ETR  for  2022  Q4  was  6.8%  and  the  ETR  for  2021  Q4  was  10.9%.  The  ETR  for  Fiscal  2022  was  14.6%  and  the  ETR  for  Fiscal  2021  was 
(193.9)%.

33 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

The  2022  Q4  ETR  is  favourably  impacted  by  state  income  taxes,  and  the  recognition  of  previously  unrecognized  foreign  tax  credits.  These 
benefits  are  more  than  offset  by  the  detrimental  impact  on  ETR  from  the  non-deductible  goodwill  impairment,  combined  with  the 
derecognition of deferred tax assets associated with Canadian loss carryforwards, and restricted interest in the UK.

Net loss

The  Company  reported  net  losses  of  $150.4  million  in  2022  Q4,  an  increase  of  141.7  million,  or  1630.1%,  compared  to  net  losses  of  $8.7 
million in 2021 Q4. The Company reported net losses of $277.8 million in Fiscal 2022, an increase of net losses of 263.3 million, or 1817.7%, 
compared to net losses of 14.5 million in Fiscal 2021. The net losses are a result of the items discussed above.

Net loss
(U.S. dollars in millions, except per Share figures)

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

(Loss) earnings from operations

(140.2)   

(4.8)   

(289.7)   

Gain (loss) on disposition of property, plant and equipment

Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on monetary items

Interest and finance costs

Income tax recovery (expense)

Net Loss

Net loss per Share (basic)

Net loss per Share (fully diluted)

(0.4)   

3.9   

(24.6)   

10.9   

0.2 

(5.8)   

0.6 

1.1 

0.6   

0.6   

(36.7)   

47.4   

(150.4)   

(8.7)   

(277.8)   

(1.9)   

(1.9)   

(0.1)   

(0.1)   

(3.6)   

(3.6)   

46.0 

(0.1) 

(11.8) 

(39.0) 

(9.6) 

(14.5) 

(0.2) 

(0.2) 

The Company recorded net loss per Share for 2022 Q4 of $1.94 compared to net loss per Share of $0.12 in 2021 Q4. The Company's net loss 
per Share for Fiscal 2022 of $3.6 compared to a net loss per Share of $0.21 in Fiscal 2021. The per Share net loss increased in both periods as 
a result of decreased earnings during the period, offset by increased Shares outstanding as discussed below.

Cash Flow

The cash flows of the Company are summarized as follows:

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Cash (used in) generated by operating activities before non-cash working 
capital items and interest and income taxes paid

Interest paid

Income taxes recovered (paid)

Cash flow (invested in) provided by working capital

Net cash (used in) generated by operating activities

Net cash generated by (used in) financing activities

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from operating activities

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

(11,727)   

(15,467)   

(3,044)   

31,743   

1,505   

23,568 
(17,254)   
2,998 

143,848 

153,160 

17,175   

(118,821) 

(8,504)   

(18,971)   

(88,755)   
(58,348)   
1,422   
(96,169)   

(241,850)   
238,279  
(24,531)   

153,180 

(64,224) 

(19,550) 

45,824 

115,230 

(59,992) 

(30,792) 

The 2022 Q4 net operating cash used in operating activities of $1.5 million is mainly comprised of $30.2 million of net cash loss and $31.7 
million of cash invested in working capital. The 2021 Q4 net operating cash outflow of $153.2 million is comprised of $9.3 million of net cash 
earnings and $143.8 million of cash generated by working capital. 

The Fiscal 2022 net operating cash used in operating activities of $241.9 million is mainly comprised of $145.7 million of net cash loss and 
$96.2 million of cash invested in working capital. The Fiscal 2021 net operating cash inflow of $115.2 million is comprised of net cash earnings 
of $69.4 million and $45.8 million of cash provided by working capital.

Cash flow from financing activities 

The  cash  generated  by  financing  activities  of  $17.2  million  during  2022  Q4  is  comprised  mainly  of  proceeds  of  revolving  credit  facilities  of 
$25.8 million and proceeds from lease obligations under capital of $3.1 million. As at Fiscal 2022, $238.3 million of cash has been generated 
by financing activities due to the proceeds from revolving credit facilities of $285.2 million, which was offset by dividend payments of $22.4 
million, and lease obligation repayments of $24.5 million.

34 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow from investing activities

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Acquisition of intangible assets

Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment

Long-term restricted deposits

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

Cash used in investing activities

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

(3,736)   

2,803   
—   

(4,732)   

(5,665)   

(1,888)   

(10,212)   

1,277 

(5,412)   

(12,948)   

(18,971)   

1,687   

5,365   

(21,371)   

(24,531)   

(2,748) 

6,182 

(712) 

(33,514) 

(30,792) 

Cash used in investing activities was lower in 2022 Q4, primarily due to decreased investments in long-term restricted deposits and property, 
plant and equipment.

Credit risk

Financial  instruments  which  potentially  subject  the  Company  to  credit  risk  and  concentrations  of  credit  risk  consist  principally  of  cash, 
accounts  receivable  and  derivatives.  Management  believes  that  the  credit  risk  associated  with  accounts  receivable  is  mitigated  by  the 
significant proportion of counterparties that are well established public transit authorities. Additionally, the U.S. federal government funds a 
substantial portion of U.S. public sector customer payments - up to 80% of the capital cost of new transit buses, coaches or cutaways, while 
the remaining 20% comes from state and municipal sources. There are a few U.S. public sector customers that obtain 100% of their funding 
from  state  and  municipal  sources.  The  maximum  exposure  to  the  risk  of  credit  for  accounts  receivables  corresponds  to  their  book  value. 
Historically, the Company has experienced nominal bad debts as a result of the customer base being principally comprised of municipal and 
other  local  transit  authorities.  Management  has  not  observed,  and  does  not  anticipate,  significant  changes  to  credit  risk  as  a  result  of  the 
COVID-19 pandemic.

The purchase of new coaches, transit buses or cutaways by private fleet operators is paid from the operators' own capital budgets and funded 
by their own cash flow. A significant portion of private fleet operators choose to finance new coach purchases with lending organizations. In 
some  cases,  MCI  assists  in  arranging  this  financing,  and  in  some  cases,  it  provides  financing  through  its  ultimate  net  loss  program.  The 
Company has experienced a nominal amount of bad debts with its private sales customers as most transactions require payment on delivery. 
Management has not observed, and does not anticipate, significant changes to credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognized in 
the  earnings  statement  within  SG&A.  When  a  receivable  balance  is  considered  uncollectible,  it  is  written  off  against  the  allowance  for 
doubtful accounts. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against SG&A in the consolidated statements of net 
loss and total comprehensive loss.

The following table details the aging of the Company’s receivables and related allowance for doubtful accounts:

U.S. dollars in thousands

Current, including holdbacks

Past due amounts but not impaired

1 – 60 days

Greater than 60 days

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts

Total accounts receivables, net

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

344,920 

375,012 

15,931 

5,480 

(107)   

366,224 

15,857 

5,892 

(270) 

396,491 

The counterparties to the Company's derivatives are chartered Canadian banks and international financial institutions. The Company could be 
exposed  to  loss  in  the  event  of  non-performance  by  the  counterparty.  However,  credit  ratings  and  concentration  of  risk  of  the  financial 
institutions are monitored on a regular basis.

35 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following table describes the Company’s maturity analysis of the undiscounted cash flows of leases and accrued benefit liabilities as at 
January 1, 2023:

U.S. dollars in thousands

Leases

Accrued benefit liability

Total

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Post 2027

208,795   

25,533   

20,558   

16,013   

13,875   

12,223   

120,593 

3,700   

3,700   

—   

—   

—   

—   

— 

212,495   

29,233   

20,558   

16,013   

13,875   

12,223   

120,593 

As  at  January  1,  2023,  outstanding  surety  bonds  guaranteed  by  the  Company  totaled $375.6  million  (January  2,  2022:  $375.9  million).  The 
estimated  maturity  dates  of  the  surety  bonds  outstanding  at  January  1,  2023  range  from  February  2023  to  December  2039.  Management 
believes that adequate facilities exist to meet projected surety requirements.

The Company has not recorded a liability under these guarantees as management believes that no material events of default exist under any 
applicable contracts with customers.

Under the Credit Facility, the Company has established a letter of credit sub-facility of $100.0 million (January 2, 2022: $100.0 million). As at 
January  1,  2023,  letters  of  credit  totaling  $24.5  million  (January  2,  2022:  $11.8  million)  remain  outstanding  as  security  for  contractual 
obligations of the Company under the Credit Facility.

As at January 1, 2023, letters of credit in the UK totaling $18.3 million remain outstanding as a security for contractual obligations of the 
Company  outside  of  the  UK  facility  (January  2,  2022:  $40.6  million).  Additionally,  there  are  $25.3  million  of  letters  of  credit  outstanding 
outside of the Credit Facility.

As  at  January  1,  2023,  management  believes  that  the  Company  was  in  compliance  in  all  material  respects  with  all  applicable  contractual 
obligations and the Company has not provided for any costs associated with these letters of credit.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangement or any material capital asset commitments at January 1, 2023.

Share Option Plan

The Board adopted a Share Option Plan (the “2013 Option Plan”) for NFI on March 21, 2013, under which certain employees of NFI and certain 
of its affiliates may receive grants of options for Shares. The 2013 Option Plan was amended and restated on December 8, 2015, December 
31, 2018 and August 5, 2020. Directors who are not employed with NFI are not eligible to participate in the 2013 Option Plan. A maximum of 
3,600,000 Shares are reserved for issuance under the 2013 Option Plan. The options vest one-quarter on the first grant date anniversary and 
an additional one-quarter on the second, third and fourth anniversary of the grant date.

Option Grant dates

March 26, 2013

Number
490,356

Exercised
(490,356)  

Expired

—   

Vested Unvested
— 

—   

Expiry date
March 26, 2021

December 30, 2013

612,050

(602,419)

(9,631)  

—   

December 28, 2014

499,984

(252,233)

(11,368)

(236,383)  

December 28, 2015

221,888

(19,532)  

— 

(202,356)  

September 8, 2016

2,171  

—   

(2,171)   

—   

151,419

(1,610)

(11,888)

(137,921)  

January 3, 2017

January 2, 2018

January 2, 2019

July 15, 2019

December 31, 2019

December 28, 2020

February 10, 2021

August 16, 2021

January 3, 2022

April 1, 2022

152,883  

284,674  

2,835  

519,916  

258,673  

1,894  

601  

311,892  

1,728  

—   

(29,198)   

(123,685)   

—   

(59,186)   

(169,118) 

56,370

—   

—   

(2,126) 

709

—   

(78,772)   

(330,861) 

110,283

—   

(26,603)   

(116,041) 

116,029

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(7,940)   

—   

(947) 

(150) 

947

451

— 

— 

303,952

1,728

The vested options granted on December 28, 2014 due to expire on December 28, 2022 remain exercisable.

3,512,964 (1,366,150)

(236,757)

(1,319,588)

590,469

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

December 30, 2021

December 28, 2022

December 28, 2023

September 8, 2024

January 3, 2025

January 2, 2026

January 2, 2027

July 15, 2027

December 31, 2027

December 28, 2028

December 28, 2028

August 16, 2029

January 3, 2030

April 3, 2030

Exercise 
price
$10.20

Fair Value 
at grant 
date
 $1.55 

$10.57

$13.45

$26.75

$42.83

$40.84

$54.00

$33.43

$35.98

$26.81

$24.70

$28.74

$30.79

$20.26

$16.25

$27.41

 $1.44 

 $1.83 

 $4.21 

 $8.06 

 $7.74 

 $9.53 

 $5.01 

 $4.90 

 $3.36 

$6.28

 $6.28 

$6.28

$6.10

$6.51

36 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
The Board adopted a new share option plan on March 12, 2020 (the "2020 Option Plan"), which was approved by shareholders on May 7, 2020, 
and amended on August 5, 2020, under which certain employees of NFI and certain of its affiliates may receive grants of options for Shares. 
Directors who are not employed with NFI are not eligible to participate in the 2020 Option Plan. A maximum of 3,200,000 Shares are reserved 
for issuance under the 2020 Option Plan. The options vest one-quarter on the first grant date anniversary and an additional one-quarter on 
the second, third and fourth anniversary of the grant date. No options have been issued under the 2020 Option Plan.

The following reconciles the Share options outstanding:

Balance at beginning of period

Granted during the period

Expired during the period

Exercised during the period
Balance at end of period

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Number
1,617,759

313,620 

(21,322) 

—

1,910,057

Weighted average 
exercise price
 C$28.82 

 C$20.24

 C$28.84 

C$0.00

C$27.41

Number
1,503,117

261,168 

(110,449) 

(36,077)

1,617,759

Weighted average 
exercise price
C$29.32

C$24.73

C$31.93

C$10.49

C$28.82

Restricted Share Unit Plan for Non-Employee Directors 

Pursuant to the Company’s Restricted Share Unit Plan for Non-Employee Directors, a maximum of 500,000 Shares are reserved for issuance to 
non-employee directors. The Company issued 20,292 director restricted Share units (“Director RSUs”), with a total value of $0.2 million, in 
2022 Q4. Approximately $0.1 million of the issued Director RSUs were exercised and exchanged for 7,603 Shares.

Compensation of Key Management

Key management, who represent related parties of NFI, includes members of the Board of Directors, President and CEO, the CFO, presidents 
of each business unit, executive vice presidents and vice presidents. The compensation expense for key management for employee services is 
shown below:

Salaries and short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Share-based payment benefits

Fiscal 2022

$ 

$ 

10,412  $ 
554
492
11,458  $ 

Fiscal 2021
11,775 
619
2,144
14,538 

Share-based payment benefits shown above represent the PSU, RSU, Director RSU, DSU and stock option expense that was recorded in the 
period. 

Critical accounting estimates and judgments

The Company's critical accounting estimates and judgments can be found within note 2 to the 2022 Annual Financial Statements.

New and amended standards adopted by the Company

No new or amended standards were adopted by the Company during the period.

Future Changes to Accounting Standards

The following issued accounting pronouncements represent a summary of the pronouncements that are likely to, or may at some future time, 
have an impact on the Company.

IFRS 17 – Insurance Contracts:

In  May  2017,  with  amendments  in  June  2020,  the  IASB  issued  IFRS  17,  Insurance  Contracts  which  will  replace  IFRS  4,  effective  for  annual 
reporting  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2023,  which  introduced  new  guidance  for  recognition,  measurement,  presentation  and 
disclosure of insurance contracts.

The  standard  requires  entities  to  measure  insurance  contract  liabilities  as  the  risk-adjusted  present  value  of  the  cash  flows  plus  the 
contractual  service  margin,  which  represents  the  unearned  profit  the  entity  will  recognize  as  future  service  is  provided.  Depending  on  the 
type of contract, this is measured using the general measurement model or the variable fee approach. Expedients are specified, provided the 
insurance  contracts  meet  certain  conditions.  The  premium  allocation  approach  is  permitted  for  the  liability  for  remaining  coverage  on 
contracts  with  a  duration  of  one  year  or  less,  or  where  the  use  of  the  premium  allocation  approach  closely  approximates  the  use  of  the 
general  measurement  model.  If,  at  initial  recognition  or  subsequently,  the  fulfillment  cash  flows  are  in  a  net  outflow,  the  contract  is 
considered  onerous  and  the  excess  is  recognized  immediately  in  profit.  A  loss  recovery  component  is  recognized  immediately  in  profit 

37 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
representing amounts recoverable from reinsurers related to onerous contracts. Management is currently assessing the impact of this standard 
on its consolidated financial statements.

IAS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements:

Disclosure of Accounting policies which amends IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements was issued in February 2021, effective for annual 
reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The amendments to the standard clarify some requirements relating to materiality, 
order  of  notes,  subtotals,  accounting  policies  and  disaggregation.The  amended  paragraphs  require  entities  to  disclose  their  material 
accounting  policy  information  rather  than  significant  accounting  policies,  as  well  as  provided  a  four-step  materiality  process  to  determine 
which accounting policy disclosures are required.  Management is currently assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial 
statements. 

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current, which amends IAS 1, was issued January 2020, effective for annual reporting periods 
beginning on or after January 1, 2024. This clarified a criterion in IAS 1 for classifying a liability as non-current: the requirement for an entity 
to have the right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Management is currently assessing the 
impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. 

38 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

NON-IFRS AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES

This MD&A is based on reported earnings in accordance with IFRS and on the following non-IFRS and other financial measures:

Adjusted EBITDA and Net Operating Profit after Taxes

Management  believes  that  Adjusted  EBITDA,  and  net  operating  profit  after  taxes  ("NOPAT")  are  important  measures  in  evaluating  the 
historical operating performance of the Company. However, Adjusted EBITDA and NOPAT are not recognized earnings measures under IFRS 
and do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS. Accordingly, Adjusted EBITDA and NOPAT may not be comparable to similar 
measures presented by other issuers. Readers of this MD&A are cautioned that Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative 
to net earnings or loss determined in accordance with IFRS and NOPAT should not be construed as an alternative to earnings (loss) from 
operations determined in accordance with IFRS as an indicator of the Company's performance.

The  Company  defines  Adjusted  EBITDA  as  earnings  before  interest,  income  tax,  depreciation  and  amortization  after  adjusting  for  the 
effects of certain non-recurring, non-operating, and items occurring outside of normal operations that do not reflect the current ongoing 
cash  operations  of  the  Company.  These  adjustments  are  provided  in  the  following  table  reconciling  net  earnings  or  losses  to  Adjusted 
EBITDA based on the historical Financial Statements of the Company for the periods indicated. 

The company defines NOPAT as Adjusted EBITDA less depreciation of plant and equipment, depreciation of right-of-use assets and income 
taxes at a rate of 31%.

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Net loss

Addback

Income taxes
Interest expense15
Amortization

(Gain) loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment
Fair value adjustment for total return swap9

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss on non-current monetary items and 
forward foreign exchange contracts
Costs associated with assessing strategic and corporate initiatives7
Past service costs and other pension costs11
Proportion of the total return swap realized10
Equity settled stock-based compensation
Unrecoverable insurance costs and other12
Expenses incurred outside of normal operations17
Prior year sales tax provision 13
COVID-19 costs14
Out of period costs16
Impairment loss on goodwill18
Restructuring costs8

Adjusted EBITDA

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021

(150,360)   

(8,691)   

(277,763)   

(14,484) 

(10,948)   

(1,066)   

(47,421)   

24,673   

(641)   

36,734   

22,580   

25,117 

88,495   

410   

—   

(186)   

647 

(565)   

952   

9,556 

39,036 

97,154 

112 

681 

(3,929)   

5,799 

(598)   

11,791 

—   

—   

—   

397   

164   

1,708   

—   

—   

(938)   

103,900   

(106)   

—   

(106) 

— 

(597)   

293 

— 

— 

1,996 

2,926 

1,234 

7,000   

(275)   

1,346   

8,489   

3,761   

—   

—   

(1,597)   

— 

103,900   

— 

(712) 

1,738 

718 

— 

2,036 

3,959 

1,234 

— 

7,240   

(571)   

18,443   

11,468 

(5,103)   

26,154 

(59,099)   

164,181 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and right of use assets

(14,884)   

(16,965)   

(57,013)   

(64,368) 

Tax at 31%

NOPAT

Adjusted EBITDA is comprised of:

Manufacturing

Aftermarket

Corporate

(Footnotes on page 41)

6,196   

(2,849)   

35,995   

(30,942) 

(13,791)   

6,340 

(80,117)   

68,871 

(30,521)   

(7,711)   

(149,164)   

22,882   

25,083 

2,536   

8,782 

86,154   

3,911   

51,654 

98,669 

13,858 

39 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow per Share

Management uses Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow per Share as non-IFRS measures to evaluate the Company’s operating performance 
and liquidity and to assess the Company’s ability to pay dividends on the Shares, service debt, pay interest on Convertible Debentures and 
meet other payment obligations. However, Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow per Share are not recognized earnings measures under IFRS 
and do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS. Accordingly, Free Cash Flow and the associated per Share figure may not be 
comparable  to  similar  measures  presented  by  other  issuers.  Readers  of  this  MD&A  are  cautioned  that  Free  Cash  Flow  should  not  be 
construed as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with IFRS as a measure of liquidity and cash 
flow.  The  Company  defines  Free  Cash  Flow  as  net  cash  generated  by  or  used  in  operating  activities  adjusted  for  changes  in  non-cash 
working  capital  items  and  adjusted  for  items  as  shown  in  the  reconciliation  of  net  cash  generated  by  operating  activities  (an  IFRS 
measure) to Free Cash Flow (a non-IFRS measure) based on the Company’s historical Financial Statements.

The Company generates its Free Cash Flow from operations and management expects this will continue to be the case for the foreseeable 
future.  Net  cash  flows  generated  from  operating  activities  are  significantly  impacted  by  changes  in  non-cash  working  capital.  The 
Company uses its credit facilities to finance working capital and therefore has excluded the impact of working capital in calculating Free 
Cash Flow. 

The Company defines Free Cash Flow per Share as Free Cash Flow divided by the average number of Shares outstanding.

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per Share figures)

Net cash generated by (used in) operating activities

Changes in non-cash working capital items3
Interest paid3
Interest expense3
Income taxes paid (recovered)3
Current income tax (expense) recovery3
Repayment of obligations under lease

Cash capital expenditures

Acquisition of intangible assets

Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment
Costs associated with assessing strategic and corporate initiatives7
Defined benefit funding4
Defined benefit expense4
Past service costs and other pension costs11
Expenses incurred outside of normal operations17
Equity hedge
Proportion of the total return swap realized10
Unrecoverable insurance costs and other12
Out of period costs16
Prior year sales tax provision13
Restructuring costs8
COVID-19 costs14
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on cash held in foreign currency5

Free Cash Flow1
U.S. exchange rate2
Free Cash Flow (C$)1
Free Cash Flow per Share (C$)6
Declared dividends on Shares (C$)
Declared dividends per Share (C$)6

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021

1,505   

150,246 

(241,850)   

115,230 

(31,743)   

(139,640)   

96,169   

(45,824) 

15,467   

17,254 

58,348   

64,224 

(24,156)   

(20,108)   

(77,797)   

(70,432) 

3,044   

(2,998)   

(1,422)   

19,550 

21,556   

(10,517)   

19,809   

(22,430) 

(5,647)   

(2,206)   

(24,535)   

(18,192) 

(4,732)   

(12,948)   

(21,371)   

(33,514) 

(3,736)   

(1,888)   

(10,212)   

(2,748) 

2,649 

(106)   

1,590 

1,687   

—   

4,265   

6,182 

(106) 

3,652 

(3,070)   

(3,497)   

(6,420) 

14   

—   

(301)   

916   

—   

1,708   

(582)   

—   

164   

(938)   

—   

5,678   

—   

(20)   

— 

— 

— 

(597)   

— 

1,234 

1,996 

171 

2,926 

(2,873)   

7,000   

3,762   

(1,003)   

(275)   

8,489   

(333)   

—   

11,741   

—   

771   

(21,803)   

(18,885)   

(170,254)   

1.3538   

1.2634 

1.3209   

(29,517)   

(23,859)   

(224,889)   

(0.3826)   

(0.3272)   

(2.9140)   

—   

—   

16,390 

0.2125 

12,288   

0.1599   

— 

— 

— 

(712) 

718 

1,234 

2,036 

9,516 

3,959 

(2,897) 

23,026 

1.2385 

28,518 

0.4072 

61,645 

0.8500 

40 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Free Cash Flow is not a recognized measure under IFRS and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS.

U.S. exchange rate (C$ per US$) is the weighted average exchange rate applicable to dividends declared for the period.

Changes  in  non-cash  working  capital  are  excluded  from  the  calculation  of  Free  Cash  Flow  as  these  temporary  fluctuations  are 
managed  through  the  credit  facilities  which  are  available  to  fund  general  corporate  requirements,  including  working  capital 
requirements,  subject  to  borrowing  capacity  restrictions.  Changes  in  non-cash  working  capital  are  presented  on  the  consolidated 
statements of cash flows net of interest and income taxes paid.

The cash effect of the difference between the defined benefit expense and funding is included in the determination of cash from 
operating activities. This cash effect is excluded in the determination of Free Cash Flow as management believes that the defined 
benefit expense amount provides a more appropriate measure, as the defined benefit funding can be impacted by special payments 
to reduce the unfunded pension liability. 

Foreign exchange gain (loss) on cash held in foreign currency is excluded in the determination of cash from operating activities under 
IFRS; however, because it is a cash item, management believes it should be included in the calculation of Free Cash Flow.

Per  Share  calculations  for  Free  Cash  Flow  (C$)  are  determined  by  dividing  Free  Cash  Flow  by  the  total  number  of  all  issued  and 
outstanding Shares using the weighted average over the period. The weighted average number of Shares outstanding for 2022 Q4 was 
77,154,934  and  72,927,889  for  2021  Q4.  The  weighted  average  number  of  Shares  outstanding  for  Fiscal  2022  and  Fiscal  2021  are 
77,144,445 and 70,039,835, respectively. Per Share calculations for declared dividends (C$) are determined by dividing the amount 
of declared dividends by the number of outstanding Shares at the respective period end date. 

Normalized to exclude non-operating expenses and recoveries related to the costs of assessing strategic and corporate initiatives.

Normalized  to  exclude  non-operating  restructuring  costs.  Costs  primarily  relate  to  severance  costs,  inefficient  labour  costs, 
increased  medical  costs  and  right-of-use  asset  impairments  and  inventory  impairments  associated  with  NFI  Forward  restructuring 
initiatives. Free Cash Flow reconciling amounts are net of right-of-use asset and property, plant and equipment impairments. 

The fair value adjustment of the total return swap is a non-cash (gain) loss that is excluded from the definition of Adjusted EBITDA. 
Beginning in Q2 2022, hedge accounting was applied to the total return swap derivative and therefore, the portion of the (gain) loss 
on the fair value adjustment, which does not apply to the current period is recognized in other comprehensive income.

10. A  portion  of  the  fair  value  adjustment  of  the  total  return  swap  is  added  to  Adjusted  EBITDA  and  Free  Cash  Flow  to  match  the 
equivalent portion of the related deferred compensation expense recognized. Beginning in Q2 2022, hedge accounting was applied to 
the total return swap derivative and therefore, the portion of the (gain) loss on the fair value adjustment, which does not apply to 
the current period is recognized in other comprehensive income.

11. Costs and recoveries associated with amendments to, and closures of, the Company's pension plans. Q2 2022 includes $7.0 million for 

the liability related to the closure of the Pembina facility and withdrawal from the multi-employer pension plan.

12. Normalized to exclude non-operating costs related to an insurance event that are not recoverable, or are related to the deductible. 

13. Provision for sales taxes as a result of an ongoing state sales tax review.

14. Normalized  to  exclude  COVID-19  related  costs.  Costs  primarily  relate  to  asset  impairments,  medical  costs  directly  related  to 
COVID-19  and  miscellaneous  operating  costs  associated  with  COVID-19.  Asset  impairments  are  primarily  attributable  to  pre-owned 
coach inventory. During 2022, management determined costs related to sanitization and masks were an operating cost and would no 
longer be included in the definition.

15.

16.

17.

Includes fair market value adjustments to interest rate swaps and the cash conversion option on the Convertible Debentures. 2022 Q4 
includes a loss of $1.2 million and 2021 Q4 includes a gain of $9.9 million for the interest rate swaps. 2022 Q4 includes a gain of $5.6 
million and 2021 Q4 includes a gain of $10.9 million on the cash conversion option. Fiscal 2022 includes a gain of $37.7 million and 
Fiscal 2021 includes a gain of $23.2 million for the interest rate swaps. Fiscal 2022 includes a gain of $16.6 million and Fiscal 2021 
includes a gain of $10.9 million for the cash conversion option.

Includes  adjustments  made  related  to  expenses  that  pertain  to  prior  years.  Fiscal  2022  includes  expenses  related  to  amounts  that 
should have been capitalized from Fiscal years 2010 - 2021. Fiscal 2021 includes expenses related to amounts owed from Fiscal years 
2016 - 2020, and expenses related to amounts owed from Fiscal years 2014 - 2020. 

Includes adjustments made related to items that occurred outside of normal operations. This includes specified items purchased in 
broker markets at a premium and associated broker fees, which the Company provided to suppliers, and does not normally directly 
purchase. Also included is the additional labour costs associated with the shortage of the specified item.

18.

Includes impairment charges with respect to ARBOC's goodwill of $23.2 million and the ADL manufacturing CGU's  goodwill of $80.7 
million.

41 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

Liquidity

Liquidity  is  not  a  recognized  measure  under  IFRS  and  does  not  have  a  standardized  meaning  prescribed  by  IFRS.  The  Company  defines 
liquidity  as  cash  on-hand  plus  available  capacity  under  its  credit  facilities,  without  consideration  given  to  the  minimum  liquidity 
requirement under the Amended Facilities.

Backlog

Backlog value is not a recognized measure under IFRS and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS. The Company defines 
backlog as the number of EUs in the backlog multiplied by their expected selling price.

Book-to-Bill Ratio

Book-to-bill ratio is not a recognized measure under IFRS and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS.  The company 
defines book-to-bill ratio as new firm orders and exercised options divided by new deliveries.

Working Capital Days

Working Capital Days is not a recognized measure under IFRS and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS. The Company 
defines Working Capital Days as the calculated number of days to convert working capital to cash. It is calculated by the number of days 
in the fiscal year (2022 Q4 YTD - 365 days) divided by the working capital turnover ratio (total sales for the last twelve months divided by 
average working capital for the last thirteen months).

Working  Capital  Days  is  calculated  based  on  the  following  financial  statement  line  items:  Accounts  Receivable  and  Inventories  less 
Accounts Payables, Deferred Revenue and Provisions.

Payout Ratio

Payout ratio is not a recognized measure under IFRS and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS. Management believes 
the  payout  ratio  is  an  important  measure  of  the  Company's  ability  to  pay  dividends  with  cash  generated.  The  Company  defines  payout 
ratio as the declared dividends divided by the Free Cash Flow.

42 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) and Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) per Share

Management  believes  that  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  and  the  associated  per  Share  figure  are  important  measures  in  evaluating  the 
historical  operating  performance  of  the  Company.  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  and  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  per  Share  are  not 
recognized measures under IFRS and do not have standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS. Accordingly, Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) and 
Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) per Share may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Readers of this MD&A are 
cautioned that Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) and Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) per Share should not be construed as an alternative to Net 
Earnings (Loss), or Net Earnings (Loss) per Share, determined in accordance with IFRS as indicators of the Company's performance. 

The Company defines Adjusted Net Earnings (Loss) as net earnings (loss) after adjusting for the after tax effects of certain non-recurring,  
non-operating and items occurring outside of normal operation, that do not reflect the current ongoing cash operations of the Company. 
These  adjustments  are  provided  in  the  following  reconciliation  of  net  earnings  (loss)  to  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  based  on  the 
historical Financial Statements of the Company for the periods indicated.

The  Company  defines  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  per  share  as  Adjusted  Net  Earnings  (Loss)  divided  by  the  average  number  of  Shares 
outstanding. 

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per Share figures)

Net loss

Adjustments, net of tax1, 7

Fair value adjustments of total return swap4
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)

Unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate swap
Unrealized gain on Cash Conversion Option
Portion of the total return swap realized5
Costs associated with assessing strategic and corporate 
initiatives2
Equity settled stock-based compensation

(Gain) loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment
Past service costs and other pension costs6
Unrecoverable insurance costs and other12
Expenses incurred outside of normal operations13
Prior year sales tax provision8
Other tax adjustments10
COVID-19 costs9
Out of period costs11
Accretion in carrying value of convertible debt and cash 
conversion option
Impairment loss on goodwill14
Restructuring costs3

Adjusted Net Loss

Loss per Share (basic)

Loss per Share (fully diluted)

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021

(150,360)   

(8,691)   

(277,763)   

(14,484) 

—   

(2,711)   

795   
(3,831)   

295 

2,639 

657   

(413)   

310 

5,365 

(4,496)   
(4,965)   

(26,019)   
(11,439)   

(10,538) 
(4,965) 

—   

(272)   

(190)   

(324) 

—   

274   

283   

—   

114   

1,178   

(106)   

134 

(85)   

— 

— 

— 

—   

908 

—   

929   

(390)   

4,830   

5,858   

2,595   

—   

22,292   

(2,833)   

18,984   

—   

(1,911)   

1,342   

103,900   

1,331 

562 

274 

— 

—   

(1,102)   

5,272   

103,900   

(106) 

791 

51 

— 

327 

— 

926 

2,669 

1,801 

562 

274 

— 

4,996   

(260)   

12,726   

5,218 

(23,639)   

(15,565)   

(161,565)   

(12,123) 

(1.94)   

(1.94)   

(0.12)   

(0.12)   

(3.60)   

(3.60)   

(0.21) 

(0.21) 

Adjusted Net Loss per Share (basic)

(0.31)   

(0.21)   

(2.09)   

(0.17) 

Adjusted Net Loss per Share (fully diluted)

(0.31)   

(0.21)   

(2.09)   

(0.17) 

43 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Addback items are derived from the historical financial statements of the Company.

Normalized to exclude non-operating expenses and recoveries related to the costs of assessing strategic and corporate initiatives.

Normalized  to  exclude  non-operating  restructuring  costs.  Costs  primarily  relate  to  severance  costs,  inefficient  labour  costs, 
increased  medical  costs  and  right-of-use  asset  impairments  and  inventory  impairments  associated  with  NFI  Forward  restructuring 
initiatives. Free Cash Flow reconciling amounts are net of right-of-use asset and property, plant and equipment impairments. 

The fair value adjustment of the total return swap is a non-cash (gain) loss that is excluded from the definition of Adjusted EBITDA. 
Beginning in Q2 2022, hedge accounting was applied to the total return swap derivative and therefore, the portion of the (gain) loss 
on the fair value adjustment, which does not apply to the current period is recognized in other comprehensive income.

A  portion  of  the  fair  value  adjustment  of  the  total  return  swap  is  added  to  Adjusted  EBITDA  and  Free  Cash  Flow  to  match  the 
equivalent portion of the related deferred compensation expense recognized. Beginning in Q2 2022, hedge accounting was applied to 
the total return swap derivative and therefore, the portion of the (gain) loss on the fair value adjustment, which does not apply to 
the current period is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Costs and recoveries associated with amendments to, and closures of, the Company's pension plans. Q2 2022 includes $7.0 million for 
the liability related to the closure of the Pembina facility and withdrawal from the multi-employer pension plan.

The Company has utilized a rate of 54.5% to tax effect the adjustments in periods related to Fiscal 2021. A rate of 31.0% has been 
used to tax effect the adjustments for all other periods.

Provision for sales taxes as a result of an ongoing state sales tax review.

Normalized  to  exclude  COVID-19  related  costs.  Costs  primarily  relate  to  asset  impairments,  medical  costs  directly  related  to 
COVID-19  and  miscellaneous  operating  costs  associated  with  COVID-19.  Asset  impairments  are  primarily  attributable  to  pre-owned 
coach inventory. During 2022, management determined costs related to sanitization and masks were an operating cost and would no 
longer be included in the definition.

10.

Includes the impact of changes in deferred tax balances as a result of substantively enacted tax rate changes. The 2021 and 2022 
amounts include the impact of the revaluation of deferred tax balances due to the  enacted increase in the UK corporate tax rate 
from  19%  to  25%  in  2021  Q3.  Also  included  in  2022  Q4  is  the  impact  of  the  reduction  of  deferred  tax  assets  related  to  the 
derecognition of loss carry forwards in Canada, and restricted interest in the UK.

11.

Includes  adjustments  made  related  to  expenses  that  pertain  to  prior  years.  Fiscal  2022  includes  expenses  related  to  amounts  that 
should have been capitalized from Fiscal years 2010 - 2021. Fiscal 2021 includes expenses related to amounts owed from Fiscal years 
2016 - 2020, and expenses related to amounts owed from Fiscal years 2014 - 2020. 

12. Normalized to exclude non-operating costs related to an insurance event that are not recoverable, or are related to the deductible.  

13.

Includes adjustments made related to items that occurred outside of normal operations. This includes specified items purchased in 
broker markets at a premium and associated broker fees, which the Company provided to suppliers, and does not normally directly 
purchase. Also included is the additional labour costs associated with the shortage of the specified item.

14.  Includes impairment charges with respect to ARBOC's goodwill of $23.2 million and the ADL manufacturing CGU's goodwill of $80.7 

million.

ROIC

ROIC  is  not  a  recognized  measure  under  IFRS  and  its  components  do  not  have  standardized  meanings  prescribed  by  IFRS.  Management 
believes that ROIC is an important measure in evaluating the historical performance of the Company. The Company defines ROIC as net 
operating profit after taxes divided by average invested capital for the last 12-month period.

44 

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Reconciliation of Shareholders' Equity to Invested Capital

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Shareholders' Equity

Addback

Long term debt

Obligation under lease

Convertible debentures

Derivatives

Cash

Bank indebtedness

Invested Capital

2022 Q4

2022 Q3

2022 Q2

2022 Q1

$ 

577,151   

710,984   

783,905   

850,323 

896,626   

859,297   

718,139   

677,996 

131,625   

122,666   

131,077   

139,129 

217,516   

211,281   

224,947   

229,673 

(21,620)   

(18,904)   

(8,179)   

4,806 

(49,987)   

(39,832)   

(50,274)   

(26,604) 

—   

—   

—   

1,233 

  1,751,311    1,845,492    1,799,615    1,876,556 

Average of invested capital over the quarter   1,798,402    1,822,554    1,838,086    1,829,374 

Shareholders' Equity

Addback

Long term debt

Capital leases

Convertible debentures

Derivatives

Cash

Bank indebtedness

Invested Capital

2021 Q4

2021 Q3

2021 Q2

2021 Q1

871,772   

787,010   

814,502   

824,643 

586,411    1,049,273   

963,630    1,008,733 

143,675   

150,212   

153,967   

150,553 

225,768   

—   

—   

— 

31,883   

20,920   

21,609   

23,996 

(77,318)   

(64,822)   

(47,695)   

(23,063) 

—   

—   

—   

1 

  1,782,191    1,942,593    1,906,013    1,984,863 

Average of invested capital over the quarter   1,862,392    1,924,303    1,945,438    1,927,577 

45 

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Capital Allocation Policy 

The  Company  has  established  a  capital  allocation  policy  based  on  an  operating  model  intended  to  provide  consistent  and  predictable  cash 
flow  and  maintain  a  strong  balance  sheet.  This  policy  has  established  guidelines  that  are  reviewed  by  the  Board  on  a  quarterly  basis  and 
provides targets for maintaining financial flexibility, business investment, and return of capital to shareholders.

Maintaining Financial Flexibility

The Company plans to prudently use leverage to manage liquidity risk. Liquidity risk arises from the Company’s financial obligations and from 
the management of its assets, liabilities and capital structure. This risk is managed by regularly evaluating the liquid financial resources to 
fund current and long-term obligations, and to meet the Company’s capital commitments in a cost-effective manner.

The  main  factors  that  affect  liquidity  include  sales  mix,  production  levels,  cash  production  costs,  working  capital  requirements,  capital 
expenditure  requirements,  scheduled  repayments  of  long-term  debt  obligations,  funding  requirements  of  the  Company’s  pension  plans, 
income taxes, credit capacity, expected future debt and equity capital market conditions.

The  Company’s  liquidity  requirements  are  met  through  a  variety  of  sources,  including  cash  on  hand,  cash  generated  from  operations,  the 
credit facilities, leases, and debt and equity capital markets. 

At January 1, 2023, the Company has convertible debentures outstanding of $338 million. The Debentures may be converted in whole or in 
part  from  time  to  time  at  the  holder’s  option  into  30.1659  Shares  for  each  C$1,000    principal  amount  of  Debentures,  representing  a 
conversion price of approximately C$33.15 per Share and total potential conversion of 10,196,074 shares.

On  December  29,  2022,  the  Company  amended  the  Credit  Facility  and  the  UK  Facility  (together  the  "amended  facilities").  Amendments 
provide  relief  from  previous  key  financial  covenants  (Total  Leverage  Ratio  (“TLR”),  Minimum  Adjusted  EBITDA  and  Interest  Coverage  Ratio 
(“ICR”)) for the fourth quarter of 2022 and the first two quarters of 2023 (the period ending June 30, 2023 (the “Waiver Period”)) to provide 
the  Company  with  relaxed  covenants  as  the  Company  navigates  supply  chain  disruptions,  heightened  inflation  and  other  impacts  of  the 
COVID-19  pandemic.  During  the  Waiver  Period,  the  Company  is  subject  to  a  Total  Net  Debt  to  Capitalization  (“TNDC”)  ratio,  starting  in 
January 2023, and a minimum Adjusted EBITDA covenant starting in March 2023. The terms of the amended facilities impose restrictions over 
the declaration and payment of dividends until the Waiver Period has ended.

On January 20, 2023 the Company entered into agreements with the Government of Manitoba for a C$50 million debt facility, for  general 
corporate  purposes,  and  EDC  for  credit  facilities  of  up  to  $150  million  to  support  supply  chain  financing  ($50  million)  and  surety  and 
performance bonding requirements for new contracts (up to $100 million).

The  Credit  Facility  has  a  total  borrowing  limit  of  $1  billion,  which  includes  a  $100  million  letter-of-credit  facility  subject  to  the  Company 
being in compliance with its credit covenants. $24.5 million of outstanding letters-of-credit were drawn against the Credit Facility at January 
1, 2023. The Credit Facility bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR or a U.S. base rate for loans denominated in U.S. dollars and a Canadian 
prime rate or bankers' acceptance rate for loans denominated in Canadian dollars, plus an applicable margin to those rates and matures on 
August 2, 2024.

The UK Facility has a total borrowing limit of £40 million which matures on June 30, 2023. Amounts drawn under the UK Facility bear interest 
at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. 

The details of the covenants under the amended facilities are as follows:

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2023 - March 31, 2023

April 1, 2023 - April 30, 2023

May 1, 2023 - May 31, 2023

June 1 - June 30, 2023

July 3, 2023 - October 1, 2023

October 2, 2023 - December 31, 2023

January 1, 2024 and thereafter

Total Leverage 
Ratio

Interest 
Coverage Ratio

Total Net Debt 
to Capitalization

Minimum 
Cumulative 
Adjusted EBITDA

Minimum 
Liquidity

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

<4.50

<4.00

<3.75

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

>2.00

>2.50

>3.00

Waived

Waived

<0.62:1.00

>($28,000)

<0.62:1.00

>($31,000)

<0.62:1.00

>($35,000)

<0.62:1.00

>($35,000)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

1.

TLR is calculated as borrowings on the Credit Facilities, not including the Company’s 5.0% convertible debentures, less unrestricted 
cash  and  cash  equivalents,  divided  by  Adjusted  EBITDA,  typically  calculated  on  a  trailing  twelve-month  basis.  When  the  TLR  is 

46 

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reintroduced in 2023 Q3, Adjusted EBITDA will be annualized until a full rolling four quarters of results are available (i.e., period 
ending 2023 Q3); 

2.

3.

4.

5.

ICR is calculated as the same trailing twelve month Adjusted EBITDA as the TLR divided by trailing twelve month interest expense 
on the Credit Facilities, the Company’s 5.0% convertible debentures and other interest and bank charges. 

Total  Net  Debt  to  Capitalization  is  calculated  as  borrowings  on  the  Credit  Facilities,  less  unrestricted  cash  and  cash  equivalents, 
divided by Shareholder’s Equity, as shown on the Company’s balance sheet, plus borrowings on the Credit Facilities. The calculation 
of shareholder's equity is adjusted to exclude up to $100 million of goodwill impairment. 

Cumulative Adjusted EBITDA starting with 2023 Q1 results.

Liquidity  is  calculated  as  unrestricted  cash  and  cash  equivalents  plus  the  aggregate  amount  of  credit  available  under  the  Credit 
Facilities. 

US dollars in thousands

Liquidity Position (must be greater than $25 million[2021: must be greater than $50 million])

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

173,507 

$ 

794,332 

1. Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

As  of  January  1,  2023,  NFI's  liquidity  was  $173.5  million,  without  consideration  given  to  the  minimum  liquidity  requirement  of  $25  million 
under  the  amended  facilities.  As  part  of  the  Company's  efforts  to  improve  working  capital  and  liquidity,  NFI  requested  prepayments  and 
deposits from certain customers. As of January 1, 2023, the Company has received $36.1 million in prepayments and is continuing to work 
with other customers on plans that would help alleviate some of NFI's working capital investments while it navigates through the supply chain 
challenges. 

Due  to  the  ongoing  uncertainty  created  by  continuing  supply  chain  disruptions,  the  Company  now  expects  that  lower  Adjusted  EBITDA 
combined with the Company's anticipated debt profile will affect the Company's ability to comply, after the expiry of the Waiver Period, with 
certain financial covenants under the amended facilities. These events result in a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt as to 
the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. 

The Company expects operations to continue into the long-term. The Company is taking a number of operational steps including cost savings 
measures to ensure adequate short-term liquidity. Additionally, the Company is continuing to work directly with suppliers and sub-suppliers 
to search for alternate or substitute parts where possible, increase production line parts inventories and develop longer lead times to better 
support new vehicle production.

NFI and its banking syndicate partners are now focused on developing new long-term credit arrangements, and NFI will be seeking agreements 
that provide appropriate capacity and covenants matched to the Company’s anticipated financial performance and recovery. The Company is 
targeting completion of these changes prior to the end of the Waiver Period.

In assessing whether the going concern assumption was appropriate, the Company took into account all relevant information available about 
the future including its backlog, demand for its products, government funding levels in its core markets and the Company's ability to raise 
additional  capital  from  various  lenders  by  issuing  long-term  debt  or  additional  common  shares,  or  other  securities  through  either  a  public 
offering, rights offering or private placement.

The  Company  believes  that,  its  cash  position  and  capacity  under  its  amended  facilities,  combined  with  anticipated  future  cash  flows  and 
access to capital markets, will be sufficient to fund operations, meet financial obligations as they come due and provide the funds necessary 
for capital expenditures, and other operational needs. See Appendix A.

The Company remains focused on deleveraging its balance sheet and returning to its target leverage of 2.0x to 2.5x total debt to Adjusted 
EBITDA. Management had originally expected the Company to return to those levels 18 to 24 months following the acquisition of ADL in May 
2019, but the impact of COVID-19 and the continuing supply chain disruptions has extended the expected timing of deleveraging. Management 
believes  it  will  achieve  its  longer-term  leverage  targets  as  the  recovery  from  COVID-19  continues,  the  anticipated  supply  of  parts  and 
components  slowly  stabilizes,  the  Company  achieves  the  benefits  of  the  NFI  Forward  strategic  cost  reduction  initiatives  and  the  Company 
continues to focus on reducing working capital.

Compliance with financial covenants is reviewed monthly by management and reported quarterly to the Board. Other than the requirements 
imposed  by  borrowing  agreements,  the  Company  is  not  subject  to  any  externally  imposed  capital  requirements.  Capital  management 
objectives are reviewed on a quarterly basis or when strategic capital transactions arise.

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Business Investment

The Company plans to invest in the current business for future growth and will continue to invest in common systems and lean manufacturing 
operations  to  improve  quality  and  cost  effectiveness,  while  also  investing  to  expand  the  Company's  expertise  in  ZEBs,  Infrastructure 
SolutionsTM, and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ("ADAS") and automated vehicles. The Company has made significant investments in its 
ZEB  production  capabilities  to  be  prepared  for  the  expected  longer-term  transition  to  a  more  electrified  fleet.  New  Flyer  now  has  the 
capability  to  manufacture  ZEBs  at  all  of  its  North  American  facilities.  Alexander  Dennis  is  the  market  leader  in  ZEBs  with  production 
capabilities  at  all  of  its  UK  facilities,  MCI  has  invested  in  its  electric  coach  offering  for  both  public  and  private  customers,  and  ARBOC 
developed  its  medium-duty  Equess  CHARGETM  electric  bus.  NFI  is  planning  for  the  roll-out  of  next  generation  battery  technology  through  a 
second  battery  supplier  for  a  first  quarter  2023  launch  based  on  projects  that  originally  kicked  off  in  2020.  In  November  2022,  Alexander 
Dennis announced that several of its vehicles will now offer its next-generation electric driveline and future-proof battery system, with first 
deliveries planned for 2023. To support customers making the transition to zero-emission fleets, NFI launched its Infrastructure SolutionsTM 
business in 2018. Infrastructure SolutionsTM has helped numerous agencies develop and launch infrastructure installation projects. 

The Company has automated bus projects in development with specialized partners who have a deep understanding of artificial intelligence 
and ADAS. As part of this program to advance automated vehicles and ADAS, on January 29, 2021, NFI announced the launch of the New Flyer 
Xcelsior AV™, North America's first automated Level 4 transit bus. The first vehicles using this technology went into production in the fourth 
quarter of 2021. Alexander Dennis continues to advance its autonomous bus programs in the United Kingdom with ongoing pilot programs in 
Scotland and expectations for additional trials on its new Enviro100AEW bus platform in 2023. NFI has also made numerous investments into 
telematics solutions to ensure customers can track detailed performance and maintenance metrics associated with their vehicles.

NFI has also made investments to reduce the company's overall manufacturing footprint and integrate operations through its NFI Forward and 
NFI  Forward  2.0  initiatives.  These  investments  have  generated  significant  annualized  cost  savings  that  will  positively  contribute  to  NFI's 
financial results going forward. 

The Company will consider business acquisitions and partnerships that will further grow and diversify the business and contribute to long-term 
competitiveness, but the Company's capital allocation priorities are currently focused on deleveraging, strengthening its balance sheet and 
supporting the recovery of operations. As such investments will primarily be focused on internal initiatives. Investment decisions are based on 
several  criteria,  including  but  not  limited  to:  investment  required  to  maintain  or  enhance  operations;  enhancement  of  cost  effectiveness 
through  vertical  integration  of  critical  supply  and  sub-assembly  in-sourcing;  and  acquisitions  in  current  or  adjacent  markets  that  are 
considered accretive to the business. 

Return of Capital to Shareholders

The Company intends to have a Share dividend policy that is consistent with the Company's financial performance and the desire to retain 
certain  cash  flows  to  support  the  ongoing  requirements  of  the  business  and  to  provide  the  financial  flexibility  to  pursue  revenue 
diversification and growth opportunities. Under the terms of NFI's credit facilities, the Company is not permitted to declare or pay dividends.  
Currently  dividends  have  been  suspended,  future  decisions  on  the  resumption  of  dividend  payments  will  be  dependent  on  financial 
performance and compliance with credit facility covenants.

The Company's 2022 Q4 Free Cash Flow was (C$29.5) million with no dividends declared during this period. For 2021 Q4 Free Cash Flow was 
C$(23.9) million compared to declared dividends of C$16.4 million. This resulted in payout ratio1 of nil% in 2022 Q4 compared to (68.6)% in 
2021 Q4.

Total Capital Distributions to Shareholders
(U.S. dollars in millions)

Dividends paid

$ 

—  $ 

11.9  $ 

9.4  $ 

46.5 

2022 Q4

2021 Q4

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

1. Represents a non-IFRS ratio, meaning it is derived from a non-IFRS measure, which does not have a standard meaning, so it may not be a reliable way to 
compare NFI to other companies. The ratio is calculated using Free Cash Flow, which is a non-IFRS measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

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Controls and Procedures

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”), as defined under rules adopted 
by  the  Canadian  Securities  Administrators.  ICFR  were  designed  under  the  supervision  of,  and  with  the  participation  of,  the  President  and 
Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). The Company’s ICFR are designed to provide reasonable assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of Financial Statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. 

Management adheres to the “Internal Control – Integrated Framework 2013” (“COSO 2013”) from the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission.

Management,  under  the  supervision  of  the  CEO  and  CFO,  evaluated  the  design  and  operational  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  ICFR  as  of 
January 1, 2023 in accordance with the criteria established in COSO 2013, and concluded that the Company’s ICFR are effective. 

ICFR,  no  matter  how  well  designed,  have  inherent  limitations.  Therefore,  ICFR  can  provide  only  reasonable  assurance  with  respect  to 
financial statement preparation and may not prevent or detect all misstatements. 

Disclosure Controls

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures in order to provide reasonable assurance that 
material  information  relating  to  the  Company  is  made  known  to  them  in  a  timely  manner  and  that  information  required  to  be  disclosed  is 
reported within time periods prescribed by applicable securities legislation. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system 
of  disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  including  the  possibility  of  human  error  and  the  circumvention  or  overriding  of  the  controls  and 
procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control 
objectives. The Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as at January 1, 2023 were effective. 

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Appendix A - Meaning of Certain References 

References  in  this  MD&A  to  the  “Company”  are  to  NFI  and  all  of  its  direct  or  indirect  subsidiaries,  including  New  Flyer  Industries 
Canada ULC (“NFI ULC”), New Flyer of America Inc. (“NFAI”), The Aftermarket Parts Company, LLC (“TAPC”), KMG Fabrication, Inc. 
("KMG"), Carfair Composites Inc. (“CCI”) and Carfair Composites USA, Inc. (“CCUI”, and together with "CCI", "Carfair"), The Reliable 
Insurance Company Limited, ARBOC Specialty Vehicles, LLC ("ARBOC"), New MCI Holdings, Inc. and its affiliated entities (collectively, 
"MCI”), NFI Holdings Luxembourg s.a.r.l., and Alexander Dennis Limited and its affiliated entities (collectively, "ADL") References to 
“New Flyer” generally refer to NFI ULC, NFAI, TAPC, KMG, CCI, and CCUI.  References in this MD&A to “management” are to senior 
management of NFI and the Company.

The  Shares  trade  on  the  Toronto  Stock  Exchange  (“TSX”)  under  the  symbol  NFI  and  the  Convertible  Debentures  trade  on  the  TSX 
under the symbol NFI.DB. As at January 1, 2023, 77,155,016 Shares were issued and outstanding. Additional information about NFI 
and the Company, including NFI’s Annual Information Form and information circular, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

References to NFI's geographic regions for the purpose of reporting global revenues are as follows: "North America" refers to Canada, 
United States, and Mexico; United Kingdom and Europe refer to the United Kingdom and Europe; "Asia Pacific" or "APAC" refers to 
Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand; and the "Other" category includes any sales that do not fall  into the 
categories above.

Forward-Looking Statements

This  MD&A  contains  “forward-looking  information”  and  “forward-looking  statements”  within  the  meaning  of  applicable  Canadian 
securities laws, which reflect the expectations of management regarding the Company’s future growth, financial performance, and 
liquidity and objectives and the Company’s strategic initiatives, plans, business prospects and opportunities, including the duration, 
impact  of  and  recovery  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  supply  chain  disruptions  and  plans  to  address  them,  and  the  Company's 
expectation  of  obtaining  long-term  credit  arrangements  and  sufficient  liquidity.  The  words  “believes”,  “views”,  “anticipates”, 
“plans”,  “expects”,  “intends”,  “projects”,  “forecasts”,  “estimates”,  “guidance”,  “goals”,  “objectives”  and  “targets”  and  similar 
expressions  of  future  events  or  conditional  verbs  such  as  “may”,  “will”,  “should”,  “could”,  “would”  are  intended  to  identify 
forward-looking  statements.  These  forward-looking  statements  reflect  management’s  current  expectations  regarding  future  events 
(including the temporary nature of the supply chain disruptions and operational challenges, production improvement, the recovery of 
the Company’s markets, and the expected benefits to be obtained through its “NFI Forward” initiative) and the Company’s financial 
and  operating  performance  and  speak  only  as  of  the  date  of  this  MD&A.  By  their  very  nature,  forward-looking  statements  require 
management to make assumptions and involve significant risks and uncertainties, should not be read as guarantees of future events, 
performance  or  results,  and  give  rise  to  the  possibility  that  management’s  predictions,  forecasts,  projections,  expectations  or 
conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that the assumptions may not be correct and that the Company’s future growth, financial 
condition, ability to generate sufficient cash flow and maintain adequate liquidity, obtain long-term credit arrangements, and the 
Company’s  strategic  initiatives,  objectives,  plans,  business  prospects  and  opportunities,  including  the  Company’s  plans  and 
expectations relating to the duration, impact of and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic,  supply chain disruptions, operational 
challenges, and inflationary pressures, will not occur or be achieved. 

A number of factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements 
include:  the  Company’s  business,  operating  results,  financial  condition  and  liquidity  may  be  materially  adversely  impacted  by  the 
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related supply chain and operational challenges, employee absenteeism and inflationary effects; the 
Company’s business, operating results, financial condition and liquidity may be materially adversely impacted by the Russian invasion 
of Ukraine due to factors including but not limited to further supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures; funding may not 
continue  to  be  available  to  the  Company’s  customers  at  current  levels  or  at  all;  the  Company’s  business  is  affected  by  economic 
factors  and  adverse  developments  in  economic  conditions  which  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  the  demand  for  the  Company’s 
products  and  the  results  of  its  operations;  currency  fluctuations  could  adversely  affect  the  Company’s  financial  results  or 
competitive  position;  interest  rates  could  change  substantially,  materially  impacting  the  Company’s  revenue  and  profitability;  an 
active, liquid trading market for the Shares and/or the Debentures may cease to exist, which may limit the ability of securityholders 
to trade Shares and/or Debentures; the market price for the Shares and/or the Debentures may be volatile; if securities or industry 
analysts  do  not  publish  research  or  reports  about  the  Company  and  its  business,  if  they  adversely  change  their  recommendations 
regarding the Shares or if the Company’s results of operations do not meet their expectations, the Share price and trading volume 
could  decline,  in  addition,  if  securities  or  industry  analysts  publish  inaccurate  or  unfavorable  research  about  the  Company  or  its 
business,  the  Share  price  and  trading  volume  of  the  Shares  could  decline;  competition  in  the  industry  and  entrance  of  new 
competitors;  current  requirements  under  U.S.  “Buy  America”  regulations  may  change  and/or  become  more  onerous  or  suppliers’ 
“Buy  America”  content  may  change;  failure  of  the  Company  to  comply  with  the  U.S.  Disadvantaged  Business  Enterprise  (“DBE”) 
program  requirements  or  the  failure  to  have  its  DBE  goals  approved  by  the  U.S.  FTA;  absence  of  fixed  term  customer  contracts, 
exercise of options and customer suspension or termination for convenience; local content bidding preferences in the United States 
may  create  a  competitive  disadvantage;  requirements  under  Canadian  content  policies  may  change  and/or  become  more  onerous; 
the Company’s business may be materially impacted by climate change matters, including risks related to the transition to a lower-

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carbon  economy;  operational  risk  resulting  from  inadequate  or  failed  internal  processes,  people  and/or  systems  or  from  external 
events,  including  fiduciary  breaches,  regulatory  compliance  failures,  legal  disputes,  business  disruption,  pandemics,  floods, 
technology  failures,  processing  errors,  business  integration,  damage  to  physical  assets,  employee  safety  and  insurance  coverage; 
international operations subject the Company to additional risks and costs and may cause profitability to decline; compliance with 
international trade regulations, tariffs and duties; dependence on unique or limited sources of supply (such as engines, components 
containing microprocessors or, in other cases, for example, the supply of transmissions, batteries for battery-electric buses, axles or 
structural  steel  tubing)  resulting  in  the  Company’s  raw  materials  and  components  not  being  readily  available  from  alternative 
sources  of  supply,  being  available  only  in  limited  supply,  a  particular  component  may  be  specified  by  a  customer,  the  Company’s 
products have been engineered or designed with a component unique to one supplier or a supplier may have limited or no supply of 
such  raw  materials  or  components  or  sells  such  raw  materials  or  components  to  the  Company  on  less  than  favorable  commercial 
terms; the Company’s vehicles and certain other products contain electronics, microprocessors control modules, and other computer 
chips,  for  which  there  has  been  a  surge  in  demand,  resulting  in  a  worldwide  supply  shortage  of  such  chips  in  the  transportation 
industry,  and  a  shortage  or  disruption  of  the  supply  of  such  microchips  could  materially  disrupt  the  Company’s  operations  and  its 
ability  to  deliver  products  to  customers;  dependence  on  supply  of  engines  that  comply  with  emission  regulations;  a  disruption, 
termination  or  alteration  of  the  supply  of  vehicle  chassis  or  other  critical  components  from  third-party  suppliers  could  materially 
adversely affect the sales of certain of the Company’s products; the Company’s profitability can be adversely affected by increases 
in raw material and component costs; the Company may incur material losses and costs as a result of product warranty costs, recalls 
and  remediation  of  transit  buses  and  motor  coaches;  production  delays  may  result  in  liquidated  damages  under  the  Company’s 
contracts  with  its  customers;  catastrophic  events,  including  those  related  to  impacts  of  climate  change,  may  lead  to  production 
curtailments  or  shutdowns;  the  Company  may  not  be  able  to  successfully  renegotiate  collective  bargaining  agreements  when  they 
expire and may be adversely affected by labour disruptions and shortages of labour; the Company’s operations are subject to risks 
and hazards that may result in monetary losses and liabilities not covered by insurance or which exceed its insurance coverage; the 
Company  may  be  adversely  affected  by  rising  insurance  costs;  the  Company  may  not  be  able  to  maintain  performance  bonds  or 
letters of credit required by its contracts or obtain performance bonds and letters of credit required for new contracts; the Company 
is subject to litigation in the ordinary course of business and may incur material losses and costs as a result of product liability and 
other  claims;  the  Company  may  have  difficulty  selling  pre-owned  coaches  and  realizing  expected  resale  values;  the  Company  may 
incur costs in connection with regulations relating to axle weight restrictions and vehicle lengths; the Company may be subject to 
claims  and  liabilities  under  environmental,  health  and  safety  laws;  dependence  on  management  information  systems  and  cyber 
security risks; the Company’s ability to execute its strategy and conduct operations is dependent upon its ability to attract, train and 
retain  qualified  personnel,  including  its  ability  to  retain  and  attract  executives,  senior  management  and  key  employees;  the 
Company may be exposed to liabilities under applicable anti-corruption laws and any determination that it violated these laws could 
have a material adverse effect on its business; the Company’s risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective in 
achieving their intended purposes; internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations; 
there are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of 
human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures; ability to successfully execute strategic plans and 
maintain profitability; development of competitive or disruptive products, services or technology; development and testing of new 
products  or  model  variants;  acquisition  risk;  reliance  on  third-party  manufacturers;  third-party  distribution/dealer  agreements; 
availability to the Company of future financing; the Company may not be able to generate the necessary amount of cash to service 
its existing debt, which may require the Company to refinance its debt; the Company’s substantial consolidated indebtedness could 
negatively impact the business; the restrictive covenants in the Company’s credit facilities could impact the Company’s business and 
affect  its  ability  to  pursue  its  business  strategies;  payment  of  dividends  is  not  guaranteed;  a  significant  amount  of  the  Company’s 
cash may be distributed, which may restrict potential growth; the Company is dependent on its subsidiaries for all cash available for 
distributions;  the  Company  may  not  be  able  to  make  principal  payments  on  the  Debentures;  redemption  by  the  Company  of  the 
Debentures for Shares will result in dilution to holders of Shares; Debentures may be redeemed by the Company prior to maturity; 
the Company may not be able to repurchase the Debentures upon a change of control as required by the trust indenture under which 
the Debentures were issued (the “Indenture”); conversion of the Debentures following certain transactions could lessen or eliminate 
the value of the conversion privilege associated with the Debentures; future sales or the possibility of future sales of a substantial 
number of Shares or Debentures may impact the price of the Shares and/or the Debentures and could result in dilution; payments to 
holders of the Debentures are subordinated in right of payment to existing and future Senior Indebtedness (as described under the 
Indenture)  and  will  depend  on  the  financial  health  of  the  Company  and  its  creditworthiness;  if  the  Company  is  required  to  write 
down goodwill or other intangible assets, its financial condition and operating results would be negatively affected; and income and 
other  tax  risk  resulting  from  the  complexity  of  the  Company’s  businesses  and  operations  and  the  income  and  other  tax 
interpretations, legislation and regulations pertaining to the Company’s activities being subject to continual change.

Factors relating to the global COVID-19 pandemic include: the magnitude and duration of the global, national and regional economic 
and  social  disruption  being  caused  as  a  result  of  the  pandemic;  the  impact  of  national,  regional  and  local  governmental  laws, 
regulations and “shelter in place” or similar orders relating to the pandemic which may materially adversely impact the Company’s 
ability to continue operations; partial or complete closures of one, more or all of the Company’s facilities and work locations or the 
reduction  of  production  rates  (including  due  to  government  mandates  and  to  protect  the  health  and  safety  of  the  Company’s 
employees or as a result of employees being unable to come to work due to COVID-19 infections with respect to them or their family 

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members or having to isolate or quarantine as a result of coming into contact with infected individuals); production rates may  be 
further decreased as a result of the pandemic; ongoing and future supply delays and shortages of parts and components, and shipping 
and freight delays, and disruption to labour supply as a result of the pandemic; the pandemic will likely adversely affect operations 
of suppliers and customers, and reduce and delay, for an unknown period, customers’ purchases of the Company’s products and the 
supply of parts and components by suppliers; the anticipated recovery of the Company’s markets in the future may be delayed or 
increase  in  demand  may  be  lower  than  expected  as  a  result  of  the  continuing  effects  of  the  pandemic;  the  Company’s  ability  to 
obtain access to additional capital if required; and the Company’s financial performance and condition, obligations, cash flow and 
liquidity  and  its  ability  to  maintain  compliance  with  the  covenants  under  its  credit  facilities.  While  management  expects  that  the 
Company will have sufficient liquidity to continue operations in the ordinary course, it is possible that unexpected events (such as 
delayed  customer  payments,  supply  chain  issues,  product  recalls,  warranty  claims,  etc.)  could  significantly  impair  the  Company’s 
liquidity  and  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  would  be  able  to  obtain  additional  liquidity  when  required  in  such 
circumstances.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  maintain  sufficient  liquidity  for  an  extended  period, 
obtain  long-term  credit  arrangements,  or  access  to  additional  capital  or  access  to  government  financial  support  or  as  to  when 
production operations will return to previous production rates. There is also no assurance that governments will provide continued or 
adequate  stimulus  funding  during  or  after  the  pandemic  for  public  transit  agencies  to  purchase  transit  vehicles  or  that  public  or 
private  demand  for  the  Company’s  vehicles  will  return  to  pre-pandemic  levels  in  the  anticipated  period  of  time.  The  Company 
cautions  that  due  to  the  dynamic,  fluid  and  highly  unpredictable  nature  of  the  pandemic  and  its  impact  on  global  and  local 
economies,  supply  chains,  businesses  and  individuals,  it  is  impossible  to  predict  the  severity  of  the  impact  on  the  Company’s 
business, operating performance, financial condition and ability to generate sufficient cash flow and maintain adequate liquidity and 
any material adverse effects could very well be rapid, unexpected and may continue for an extended and unknown period of time.

Factors relating to the Company's “NFI Forward” initiative include: the Company's ability to successfully execute the initiative and to 
generate the planned savings in the expected time frame or at all; management may have overestimated the amount of savings and 
production efficiencies that can be generated or may have underestimated the amount of costs to be expended; the implementation 
of  the  initiative  may  take  longer  than  planned  to  achieve  the  expected  savings;  further  restructuring  and  cost-cutting  may  be 
required in order to achieve the objectives of the initiative; the estimated amount of savings generated under the initiative may not 
be sufficient to achieve the planned benefits; combining business units and/or reducing the number of production or parts facilities 
may not achieve the efficiencies anticipated; and the impact of the continuing global COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain challenges 
and  inflationary  pressures.  There  can  be  no  assurance  that  the  Company  will  be  able  to  achieve  the  anticipated  financial  and 
operational benefits, cost savings or other benefits of the initiative.

Factors relating to the Company’s financial guidance and targets disclosed in this MD&A include, in addition to the factors set out 
above,  the  degree  to  which  actual  future  events  accord  with,  or  vary  from,  the  expectations  of,  and  assumptions  used  by,  NFI’s 
management  in  preparing  the  financial  guidance  and  targets  and  the  Company’s  ability  to  successfully  execute  the  “NFI  Forward” 
initiative and to generate the planned savings in the expected time frame or at all.

Although  the  Company  has  attempted  to  identify  important  factors  that  could  cause  actual  actions,  events  or  results  to  differ 
materially  from  those  described  in  forward-looking  statements,  there  may  be  other  factors  that  could  cause  actions,  events  or 
results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended or to occur or be achieved at all. Specific reference is made to “Risk Factors” 
in  the  Company’s  Annual  Information  Form  for  a  discussion  of  the  factors  that  may  affect  forward-looking  statements  and 
information. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual 
results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements and information. The forward-looking statements and 
information contained herein are made as of the date of this MD&A (or as otherwise indicated) and, except as required by law, the 
Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement or information, whether written or oral, that may be made 
from  time  to  time  by  the  Company  or  on  its  behalf.  The  Company  provides  no  assurance  that  forward-looking  statements  and 
information  will  prove  to  be  accurate,  as  actual  results  and  future  events  could  differ  materially  from  those  anticipated  in  such 
statements. Accordingly, readers and investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information.

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Appendix B - 2022 Fourth Quarter Order Activity 

Demand for Transit Buses and Motor Coaches

The  Company’s  "Bid  Universe"  metric  tracks  known  active  public  competitions  in  Canada  and  the  United  States  and  attempts  to 
provide an overall indication of anticipated heavy-duty transit bus and motor coach public sector market demand. It is a point-in-
time  snapshot  of:  (i)  EUs  in  active  competitions,  defined  as  all  requests  for  proposals  received  by  the  Company  and  in  process  of 
review plus bids submitted by the Company and awaiting customer action, and (ii) management’s forecast, based on data provided 
by operators for their fleet replacement plans, of expected EUs to be placed out for competition over the next five years. 

NFI's end markets continued to show strong signs of recovery throughout 2022. Following large declines in the second half of 2020 as 
a result of the pandemic delaying orders in core markets, active bids rebounded significantly in 2021, averaging 6,850 EUs from 2021 
Q2 through 2021 Q4. As of 2022 Q4, active bids reached 10,507 EUs, up 53.5% year-over-year, the highest number of active bids on 
record. The Company ended 2022 Q4 with 5,169 bids in process, and another 5,338 bids submitted. Management expects active bids 
will continue to remain high through 2023 as markets recover during the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and new government funding 
is used by transit agencies. 

The forecasted five-year North American industry procurement has rebounded from the lows of the first half of 2021. Year-over-year, 
the  Total  Bid  Universe  increased  by  17.0%,  or  4,471  EUs.  NFI  expects  that  the  forecasted  five-year  North  American  industry 
procurement will remain high through 2023 as transit agencies continue to formalize their short- and long-term procurement plans 
linked to the multi-billion funding programs announced and/or launched by governments in Canada and the U.S. 

As  at  2022  Q4,  15,689  EUs,  or  51.0%,  of  the  Total  Bid  Universe  is  ZEBs,  an  increase  of  54.6%  year-over-year,  which  supports 
management's expectations for a continued increase in the demand for ZEBs.

The  Bid  Universe  EUs  fluctuate  significantly  from  quarter-to-quarter  based  on  public  tender  activity  procurement  and  award 
processes. 

2021 Q4

2022 Q1

2022 Q2

2022 Q3

2022 Q4

Bids in Process (EUs) Bids Submitted (EUs)

Active EUs

1,783

805

4,477

2,881

5,169

5,062

4,757

3,105

7,226

5,338

6,845

5,562

7,582

10,107

10,507

Forecasted Industry 
Procurement over 5 
Years (EUs)1
19,468

20,809

21,565

20,377

20,277

Total Bid Universe 
(EUs)

26,313

26,371

29,147

30,484

30,784

1.  Management’s  estimate  of  anticipated  future  industry  procurement  over  the  next  five  years  is  based  on  direct  discussions  with  select  U.S.  and 
Canadian transit authorities. This estimate includes potential public customers activity for New Flyer and MCI vehicles, but excludes potential ARBOC 
and ADL U.S. and Canadian sales. 

Procurement of heavy-duty transit buses and motor coaches by the U.S. and Canadian public sector is typically accomplished through 
formal  multi-year  contracts  and  purchasing  schedules  (state  and  national  contracts,  agency  purchasing  contracts),  while 
procurement by the private sector in North America, the UK and Europe and Asia Pacific is typically made on a transactional basis. As 
a result, the Company does not maintain a Bid Universe for private sector buses and coaches. 

The sale of cutaway and medium-duty buses manufactured by ARBOC is accomplished on a transactional purchase order basis through 
non-exclusive  third-party  dealers  who  hold  contracts  directly  with  the  customers.  Bids  are  submitted  by  and  agreements  are  held 
with a network of dealers. Cutaway and medium-duty bus activity therefore is not included in the Bid Universe metric.

ADL does not currently have a Bid Universe metric for the UK and European or Asia Pacific markets similar to New Flyer and MCI's 
North  American  Bid  Universe;  however,  ADL  does  maintain  a  sales  pipeline.  Management  does  not  believe  a  similar  Bid  Universe 
metric  for  those  markets  is  suitable  given  that  the  majority  of  customers  in  those  regions  are  private  operators  who  make  annual 
purchase  decisions.  The  overall  UK  market  declined  from  2015  to  2019,  and  was  expected  to  increase  in  2020  before  it  was  hit 
disproportionately  hard  by  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  with  bus  ridership  down  by  nearly  80%  at  its  worst  point  in  2020.  While 
management  saw  signs  of  recovery  in  2021  and  2022,  supply  chain  challenges  have  continued  to  disrupt  the  market.  In  2023, 
management  expects  stronger  recovery  based  on  customers'  fleet  recovery  plans  and  an  aging  UK  vehicle  fleet.  Governments 
continue  to  focus  on  the  green  recovery  and  government  funding  is  starting  to  materialize.  This  funding,  plus  future  investments 
under plans to expand transport service in communities outside of London is expected to contribute to market growth in 2023 and 
beyond.  Alexander  Dennis  has  seen  the  benefits  of  this  anticipated  recovery  as  it  has  essentially  sold  the  majority  of  its  UK 
production  slots  for  2023,  although  at  slightly  lower  production  rates.  Alexander  Dennis  continues  to  grow  its  installed  fleet  in 

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Europe  with  multi-year  contracts  in  Ireland  and  Germany.  The  European  market  is  highly  fragmented  with  numerous  players 
providing niche opportunities for ADL in the future. 

In Asia Pacific, the Hong Kong market is highly cyclical, and, following busier periods in 2015 through 2018, the market has declined 
as anticipated. As in other regions, Hong Kong was also impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but ADL remains the leader in double-
deck buses and retains deep customer relationships in Hong Kong. Management saw some recovery in 2022 and continues to expect 
the Hong Kong market to see stable annual deliveries and a slow recovery through 2023, including the delivery of Alexander Dennis' 
first  battery-electric  buses  to  key  customers  in  Hong  Kong  as  transit  companies  gear  up  for  the  transition  to  zero-emission  buses. 
New  Zealand  and  Singapore  remain  highly  cyclical  markets  with  more  predictable  purchasing  expectations  based  on  vehicle  age; 
Alexander  Dennis  continues  to  see  significant  opportunities  in  both  markets  and  is  also  pursuing  additional  expansion  programs  in 
South Africa and the Middle-East region. 

Order activity

New orders (firm and options) during 2022 Q4 totaled 2,578 EUs, an increase of 60.4% from 2021 Q4. The timing of new orders can 
vary  based  on  transit  agency  procurement  processes,  with  the  fourth  quarter  typically  being  a  busier  period  tied  to  agency  and 
operator approval meetings. The new firm and option orders awarded to the Company for Fiscal 2022 were 5,786 EUs, an increase of 
22.5% from Fiscal 2021. The Company was successful at converting 118 EUs of options to firm orders during 2022 Q4, a decrease from 
the 217 EUs converted in 2022 Q3 and from the 277 EUs converted in 2021 Q4; option conversions vary quarter-to-quarter. These 118 
EUs  of  option  conversions  contributed  to  the  638  EUs  converted  to  firm  orders  during  Fiscal  2022.  While,  there  were  declines  in 
option  conversions  from  2021  to  2022,  these  were  primarily  related  to  older  contracts  and  changes  in  customers  expected  fleet 
replacement plans. Further details are provided below under the "Options" section. 

In 2022 Q4, NFI received orders for 1,118 EUs of battery-electric, zero-emission vehicles, a 780% increase from the 127 EUs from 2022 
Q3. These 1,118 EUs of ZEBs equate to 43.4% of all new firm and option orders for the quarter, which increased from 28.0% in 2022 
Q3.

In addition, 806 EUs of new firm and option orders were pending from customers at the end of 2022 Q4, where approval of the award 
to the Company had been made by the customer’s board, council, or commission, as applicable, but purchase documentation had not 
yet been received by the Company and therefore not yet included in the backlog. This was down from the 1,360 EUs of pending new 
firm and option orders as of the end of 2022 Q3, as the Company received a high number of new awards in 2022 Q3. NFI anticipates 
that the majority of the units currently in bid award pending will convert into backlog during 2023 Q1. 

2021 Q4
2022 Q1
2022 Q2
2022 Q3
2022 Q4

New Orders 
in Quarter 
(Firm and  

Option EUs)

1,607   
1,407   
1,348   
453   
2,578   

LTM New Orders 
(Firm and  

Option EUs)

Option  
Conversions in  
Quarter (EUs)

4,724   
4,919   
5,147   
4,815   
5,786   

277   
218   
85   
217   
118   

LTM Option  

Conversions (EUs)
1,110 
1,051 
734 
797 
638 

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Options

In 2022 Q4, 831 options expired, as compared to 804 options in 2022 Q3, and as compared to 117 options that expired in 2021 Q4. 
Option expiries can vary significantly quarter-to-quarter and management is not concerned about the large number of option expiries 
in  2022  Q4.  Certain  agencies  are  letting  a  portion  of  older  options  expire  as  they  re-evaluate  their  longer-term  fleet  planning 
decisions  with  an  increased  focus  on  the  procurement  of  ZEBs  rather  than  traditional  internal  combustion  engine  propulsion.  In 
certain cases, customers have issued new procurements to replace the expired options. NFI replenished a significant amount of the 
expired options through new orders in 2022. Overall demand remains at record levels and will support future option orders. 

A  significant  number  of  public  transit  contracts  in  the  U.S.  and  Canada  have  a  term  of  three  to  five  years.  In  addition,  some 
contracts in the UK and APAC also have multi-year terms. The table below shows the number of option EUs that have either expired 
or have been exercised annually over the past five years, as well as the current backlog of options that will expire each year if not 
exercised.

2017 2018

2019

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

2027

Total 

A) Options Expired (EUs)

331

741

512

1,202

819 1,924

B) Options Exercised (EUs)

C) Current Options by year of expiry 
(EUs)

1,404 1,795 1,518

953 1,110

638

D) Conversion rate % = B / (A+B)

 81 %  71 %  75 %

 44 %  58 %  25 %

5,529

7,418

750

258

537 1,559

1,506

4,610

The  Company's  conversion  rate  can  vary  significantly  from  quarter-to-quarter  and  should  be  looked  at  on  an  annual  or  LTM  basis. 
Option  expirations  in  2020,  2021,  and  2022  were  primarily  a  result  of  agencies  allowing  a  portion  of  their  options  from  older 
contracts awarded in 2016 and 2017 to expire as they re-evaluate their longer-term fleet planning decisions. 

In  addition  to  contracts  for  identified  public  customers,  the  Company  has  increased  its  focus  on  purchasing  schedules  (state  and 
national  contracts,  cooperative  agency  purchasing  agreements)  with  the  objective  of  having  multiple  available  schedules,  from 
which customers within a prescribed region or from defined list, can purchase. The Company is currently named on over 30 of these 
purchasing schedules, either directly or through its dealers. These schedules are not recorded in backlog as they do not have defined 
quantities allocated to the Company or any other original equipment manufacturer. Once a customer purchases a bus under one of 
these agreements, the purchase is recorded as a firm order. The Company has received more than 1,050 vehicle awards from these 
schedules since the start of 2018, showing their growing use by transit agencies as a procurement alternative in North America.

The Company's 2022 Q4 Book-to-Bill1 ratio (defined as new firm orders and exercised options divided by new deliveries) was 144.0%, 
an increase from 131.9% in 2021 Q4. This increase in Book-to-Bill was driven by a 60.4% increase in year-over-year orders combined 
with  lower  deliveries.  Fiscal  2022  Book-to-Bill  was  133.9%,  an  increase  from  115.1%  for  Fiscal  2021.  Active  bids,  including  bids 
submitted, are at record levels (see page 46).

Backlog

The Company's total backlog consists of buses sold primarily to U.S. and Canadian public customers and private operators in the UK 
and Europe. The majority of the backlog relates to New Flyer transit buses for public customers with some of the backlog consisting 
of units from MCI, ADL and ARBOC. Options for ARBOC vehicles are held by dealers, rather than the operator, and are not included as 
options in the NFI backlog, but are converted to firm backlog when vehicles are ordered by the dealer. 

Transit  buses  and  motor  coaches  incorporating  clean  propulsion  systems,  including  compressed  natural  gas,  diesel-electric  hybrid, 
and ZEBs, which consist of trolley-electric, fuel cell-electric, and battery-electric buses, represent approximately 63.6% of the total 
backlog as of the end of 2022 Q4, up slightly from 62.6% as of the end of 2022 Q3. As at the end of 2022 Q4, there were 2,628 ZEBs in 
the backlog, representing a record of 28.6% of the total backlog, up from the previous record of 21.2% in 2022 Q3. 

Footnotes

1. Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

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2022 Q4

2022 Q3

2021 Q4

Firm 

Firm 

Firm 

Orders Options

Total

Orders Options

Total

Orders Options

Total

Beginning of period

4,153   

4,352    8,505 

4,366   

5,308   

9,674 

3,346   

4,757   

8,103 

New orders

Options exercised

Shipments1

1,371   

1,207    2,578 

388   

65   

453 

1,157   

450   

1,607 

118  

(118)   

— 

217  

(217)   

— 

277  

(277)   

— 

(1,034)   

—    (1,034)   

(783)   

—   

(783)   

(1,087)   

—   

(1,087) 

Cancelled/expired

(32)   

(831)   

(863)   

(35)   

(804)   

(839)   

(58)   

(117)   

(175) 

End of period

Consisting of:

  4,576    4,610    9,186 

  4,153    4,352    8,505 

  3,635    4,813    8,448 

Heavy-duty transit buses

3,602   

4,342    7,944 

3,114   

4,082   

7,196 

2,726   

4,515   

7,241 

Motor coaches

347   

268   

Cutaway and medium-duty buses

627   

—   

615 

627 

358   

270   

681   

—   

628 

681 

373   

298   

536   

—   

671 

536 

Total Backlog

  4,576    4,610    9,186 

  4,153    4,352    8,505 

  3,635    4,813    8,448 

1. Shipments do not include delivery of pre-owned coaches as these coaches are not included in the backlog.

At the end of 2022 Q4, the Company's total backlog (firm and options) of 9,186 EUs (valued at $5.6 billion2), increased compared to 
8,505 EUs (valued at $4.9 billion2) at the end of 2022 Q3. The increase was driven by high levels of new awards in North American 
and UK transit operations in the quarter, offset somewhat by high deliveries and option expiries. In addition, 806 EUs of new firm 
and option orders were pending from customers at the end of 2022 Q4, where approval of the award to the Company had been made 
by  the  customer’s  board,  council,  or  commission,  as  applicable,  but  purchase  documentation  had  not  yet  been  received  by  the 
Company and therefore not yet included in the backlog. The summary of the values is provided below.

2022 Q4

2022 Q3

2021 Q4

EUs

EUs

Total firm orders

Total options
Total backlog2

$ 

2,515.4   

4,576  $ 

2,276.2   

4,153  $ 

1,981.1   

3,123.0   

4,610 

2,589.5   

4,352 

2,553.2   

$ 

5,638.4   

9,186  $ 

4,865.7   

8,505  $ 

4,534.3   

EUs

3,635 

4,813 

8,448 

2. Represents a supplementary financial measure. See Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures section.

In the Company's 2022 Q3 financial report, the average price of an EU in backlog was incorrectly stated as $640.9 thousand due to a 
calculation error; the correct number should have been $572.1 thousand. As of 2022 Q4, the average price of an EU in backlog is now 
$613.7 thousand, a 14% increase from 2021 Q4. 

56 

NFI GROUP INC. 2022 FINANCIAL RESULTS 

NFIGROUP.COM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements of
NFI GROUP INC. 

January 1, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Consolidated Statements of Net Loss and Comprehensive Loss

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

8

9

10

11

12 - 48

Deloitte LLP 
360 Main Street 
Suite 2300 
Winnipeg MB  R3C 3Z3 
Canada 

Tel: 204-942-0051 
Fax: 204-947-9390 
www.deloitte.ca 

March 2, 2023 

Independent Auditor's Report 

To the Shareholders of NFI Group Inc. 

Opinion 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of NFI Group Inc. (the “Company”), which 
comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, and 
the consolidated statements of net loss and total comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows 
for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as at January 1, 2023 and January 2, 2022, and its financial performance and its 
cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards 
(“IFRS”). 

Basis for Opinion 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards ("Canadian 
GAAS"). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities 
for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in 
accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in 
Canada, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion. 

Material Uncertainty related to Going Concern 

We draw attention to Note 2 in the financial statements, which indicates that the Company expects to be 
unable to comply with certain of its financial covenants under the terms of its credit facilities beginning 
on July 3, 2023. As stated in Note 2, these events indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast 
significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in 
respect of this matter. 

Key Audit Matter 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended January 1, 2023. These matters were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

In addition to the matter described in the Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern section, we 
have determined the matter described below to be the key audit matter to be communicated in our 
auditor’s report. 

Goodwill – ARBOC, ADL manufacturing, ADL aftermarket parts operations — Refer to Notes 2 and 
7 of the financial statements 

Key Audit Matter Description 

Annually, the Company’s evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the 
recoverable amount of each cash generating units (“CGU”), which is the higher of its fair value less costs 
of disposal and its value in use, to their carrying amount. The Company determined the recoverable 
amount of the ARBOC, ADL manufacturing and ADL aftermarket parts CGUs (collectively “identified 
CGUS”) to be value in use, which was estimated using a discounted cash flow model. This required 
management to make significant estimates and assumptions including those related to future cash 
inflows and outflows, growth rates and discount rates.  At the annual evaluation date, the carrying 
amount of the ARBOC and ADL Manufacturing CGUs exceeded their recoverable amounts and 
impairment losses were recognized. The recoverable amount of the ADL aftermarket parts operations 
CGU exceeded its carrying amount and no impairment was recognized.  

While there are several key assumptions that are required to estimate the recoverable amount of the 
identified CGUs, the assumptions with the highest degree of subjectivity and impact on the recoverable 
amounts are related to the determination of forecasts of future revenues, operating margins and 
discount rates. This required significant auditor attention as these estimates are subject to estimation 
uncertainty. Auditing these estimates and assumptions required a high degree of subjectivity in applying 
audit procedures and in evaluating the results of those procedures. This resulted in an increased extent of 
audit effort including the involvement of fair value specialists.  

How the Key Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit  

Our audit procedures related to the determination of the forecasts of future revenues, operating margins 
and discount rates used to estimate the recoverable amount of the identified CGU’s included the 
following, among others: 

• 

• 

Evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and operating margins by 
comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts; 
Evaluated the reasonableness of the forecast of future revenues and operating margins by 
comparing the forecasts to: 

o  Historical revenues and operating margins; 
o  Known changes in the Company’s operations and its industry, including the impact of the 
global supply issues and sensitivity due to production constraints, which are expected to 
impact future operating performance; 
Internal reports including production and backlog supported by contracts; 

o 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors;  

o 
o  Forecasted information included in the Company’s press releases as well as in analyst 

reports; and 

o  Macroeconomic and market specific information; 

•  With the assistance of fair value specialists, evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rates by 
testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, developing a 
range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by 
management. 

Other Information 

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises Management's 
Discussion and Analysis.   

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our 
responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the 
other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in 
the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  

We obtained Management’s Discussion and Analysis prior to the date of this auditor’s report. If, based on 
the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in this auditor’s report. We 
have nothing to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the 
Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in 
accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 
error. 

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to 
cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process. 

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with Canadian GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the 
basis of these financial statements. 

 
 
 
 
 
As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian GAAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain 
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

• 

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to 
fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit 
evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from 
error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the 
override of internal control. 

•  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit 

procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an 
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.  

•  Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by management. 

•  Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting 
and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to 
events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a 
going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw 
attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such 
disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit 
evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions 
may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. 

• 

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the 
disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and 
events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

•  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or 
business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are 
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely 
responsible for our audit opinion. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned 
scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in 
internal control that we identify during our audit. 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant 
ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards. 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that 
were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and 
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or 
regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences 
of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such 
communication. 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Michael Boucher. 

/s/ Deloitte LLP 

Chartered Professional Accountants  
Winnipeg, Manitoba 
March 2, 2023 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 
52-weeks ended January 1, 2023 ("Fiscal 2022") and 53-weeks ended January 2, 2022 ("Fiscal 2021") 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

Revenue (note 23)

Cost of sales (note 4)

Gross profit

Sales, general and administration costs and other operating expenses

Foreign exchange gain

Impairment loss on goodwill (note 7)

(Loss) earnings from operations

Gain (loss) on disposition of property, plant and equipment

Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on monetary items

(Loss) earnings before interest and income taxes

Interest and finance costs

Interest on long-term debt

Interest on convertible debt
Accretion in carrying value of long-term debt (note 16)

Accretion in carrying value of convertible debt and cash conversion option (note 17)

Interest expense on lease liability

Other interest and bank charges

Fair market value gain on interest rate swap

Fair market value gain on cash conversion option (note 17)

Loss before income tax expense

Income tax expense (recovery) (note 15)

Current income tax (recovery) expense

Deferred income tax recovery

Net loss for the period

Other comprehensive loss

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

2,053,933  $ 

2,343,794 

2,004,803   

2,108,199 

49,130   

240,048   

235,595 

205,169 

(5,205)   

(15,585) 

103,900   

(289,613)   

565   

598   

(288,450)

52,674   

14,002   
5,582   

7,641   

5,780   

5,341   

(37,708)   

(16,578)   

36,734   

(325,184)

(19,809)   

(27,612)   

(47,421)   

— 

46,011 

(112) 

(11,791) 

34,108

58,702 

1,092 
2,075 

602 

6,478 

4,161 

(23,161) 

(10,913) 

39,036 

(4,928)

22,430 

(12,874) 

9,556 

$ 

(277,763)  $ 

(14,484) 

Actuarial gain on defined benefit pension plan - this item will not be reclassified subsequently to 
profit or loss

14,844

11,932

Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of foreign operations - this item will not be 
reclassified subsequently to profit or loss

Net loss on equity hedge of restricted share plan

Total comprehensive loss for the period

Net loss per share (basic) (note 19)

Net loss  per share (diluted) (note 19)

(23,449)   

(4,898) 

(287)   

— 

(286,655)   

(7,450) 

$ 

$ 

(3.60)  $ 

(3.60)  $ 

(0.21) 

(0.21) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

8 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS  OF FINANCIAL POSITION  
As at January 1, 2023 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Assets

Current

Cash

Accounts receivable (note 3, 22d)

Inventories (note 4)

Income tax receivable

Derivative financial instruments (note 22a, b)

Prepaid expenses and deposits

Property, plant and equipment (note 5, 23)

Right-of-use asset (note 6)

Derivative financial instruments (note 22a, b)

Goodwill and intangible assets (note 7)

Accrued benefit asset (note 10)

Other long-term assets (note 8)

Deferred tax assets (note 15)

Liabilities

Current

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Income tax payable

Derivative financial instruments (note 22a, b)

Current portion of long-term debt (note 16)

Current portion of long-term liabilities (note 9)

Accrued benefit liability (note 10)

Obligations under leases (note 6)

Deferred compensation obligation (note 11)

Deferred revenue (note 13)

Provisions (note 14)

Deferred tax liabilities (note 15)

Derivative financial instruments (note 17, 22 a,b)

Long-term debt (note 16)

Convertible debentures (note 17)

Commitments and contingencies (note 25)

Shareholders' equity

Share capital (note 18)

Stock option and restricted share unit reserve (note 12)

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

Deficit

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

9 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

49,987  $ 

366,224   

732,096   

40,142   

1,720   

16,928   

1,207,097   

195,783   

107,631   

27,800   

986,421   

14,747   

32,126   

17,665   

77,318 

396,535 

567,698 

21,396 

442 

7,549 

1,070,938 

221,338 

121,761 

— 

1,144,963 

4,116 

36,504 

— 

$ 

2,589,270  $ 

2,599,620 

455,368   

—   

2,837   

17,901   

167,251   

643,357   

2,927   

114,044   

1,497   

20,776   

71,299   

56,914   

6,067   

878,725   

216,513   

$ 

2,012,119  $ 

988,218   

11,285   

(2,979)   

(419,373)   

577,151  $ 

2,589,270  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

458,864 

1,104 

1,799 

— 

142,860 

604,627 

11,211 

120,414 

2,769 

19,818 

63,498 

62,806 

30,526 

586,411 

225,768 

1,727,848 

987,943 

10,105 

5,921 

(132,197) 

871,772 

2,599,620 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
For the period ended January 1, 2023 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Stock Option 
and Restricted 
Share Unit 
Reserve

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
(Loss) Income

Share Capital

Retained  
Earnings 
(Deficit)

Total 
Shareholders’ 
Equity

Balance, December 27, 2020

$ 

681,405  $ 

8,400  $ 

(1,113)  $ 

(68,551)  $ 

620,141 

Net loss

Other comprehensive income

Dividends declared on common shares

Equity transaction cost

Share-based compensation, net of deferred income taxes

Shares issued

Balance, January 2, 2022

Net loss

Other comprehensive loss

Dividends declared on common shares

Equity transaction cost (note 17, 18)

Share-based compensation, net of deferred income taxes

Shares issued

Balance, January 1, 2023

—   

—   

—   

(10,148)   

—   

316,686   

—   

—   

—   

—   

2,191   

(486)   

—   

(14,484)   

(14,484) 

7,034   

—   

7,034 

—   

—   

—   

—   

(49,162)   

—   

—   

—   

(49,162) 

(10,148) 

2,191 

316,200 

$ 

987,943  $ 

10,105  $ 

5,921  $ 

(132,197)  $ 

871,772 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

275   

1,455   

(275)   

—   

(277,763)   

(277,763) 

(8,900)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(9,413)   

—   

—   

—   

(8,900) 

(9,413) 

— 

1,455 

— 

$ 

988,218  $ 

11,285  $ 

(2,979)  $ 

(419,373)  $ 

577,151 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

10 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
52-weeks ended January 1, 2023 ("Fiscal 2022") and 53-weeks ended January 2, 2022 ("Fiscal 2021") 
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Operating activities

Net loss for the period

Income tax (recovery) expense 

Depreciation of plant and equipment

Amortization of intangible assets

Share-based compensation

Interest and finance costs recognized in profit or loss

Fair value adjustment for total return swap

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss on monetary items

Foreign exchange (gain) loss on cash held in foreign currency

Gain on fair value adjustment for cash conversion option

(Gain) loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment

Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment

Impairment loss on right-of-use asset

Impairment loss on goodwill

Defined benefit expense 

Defined benefit funding 

Cash (used in) generated by operating activities before non-cash working capital items and interest and 
income taxes paid

Changes in non-cash working capital items (note 20)

Cash (used in) generated by operating activities before interest and income taxes paid

Interest paid

Income taxes recovered (paid)

Net cash (used in) generated by operating activities

Financing activities

Debt issue costs

Repayment of obligations under lease

Proceeds from (repayment of) revolving credit facilities

Share issuance

Proceeds from issue of convertible debentures

Equity transaction cost

Dividends paid

Net cash generated by (used in) financing activities

Investing activities

Acquisition of intangible assets

Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment

Investment in long-term restricted deposits

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash

(Decrease) increase in cash
Cash —  beginning of period
Cash —  end of period

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

11 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

(277,763)  $ 

(14,484) 

(47,421)

57,013

31,482

1,346   

53,311   

1,955   

(598)   

(771)   

(16,578)   

(565)   

2,558   

4,144   

103,900

3,497

(4,265)   

9,556

64,368

32,786

1,738 

39,036 

681 

11,791 

2,897 

— 

112 

682 

1,269 

—

6,400

(3,652) 

(88,755)   

153,180 

(96,169)   

45,824 

(184,924)  

199,004 

(58,348)   

1,422   

(64,224) 

(19,550) 

(241,850)   

115,230 

—   

(24,535)   

285,204   
(2)   

—   

—   

(22,388)   

238,279

(10,212)   

1,687   

5,365   

(21,371)   

(24,531)   

771   

(27,331)   

77,318   

$ 

49,987  $ 

(10,383) 

(18,192) 

(546,137) 
316,200 

258,716 

(13,683) 

(46,513) 

(59,992)

(2,748) 

6,182 

(712) 

(33,514) 

(30,792) 

(2,897) 

21,549 

55,769 

77,318 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

1.  CORPORATE INFORMATION

NFI Group Inc. (“NFI” or the “Company”) was incorporated on June 16, 2005 under the laws of the Province of Ontario. NFI is a leading 
independent  global  bus  manufacturer  providing  a  comprehensive  suite  of  mass  transportation  solutions  under  brands:  New  Flyer® 
(heavy-duty  transit  buses),  Alexander  Dennis  Limited  ("ADL")  (single  and  double-deck  buses),  Plaxton  (motor  coaches),  MCI®  (motor 
coaches),  ARBOC  Specialty  Vehicles,  LLC  ("ARBOC")  (low-floor  cutaway  and  medium-duty  buses)  and  NFI  Parts™  (aftermarket  parts 
sales). The Company’s common shares (the “Shares”) are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “NFI”. The 
Company's convertible debentures are listed on the TSX under the symbol "NFI.DB".

The  audited  consolidated  financial  statements  (the  "Statements")  are  prepared  on  a  52-week  basis  ended  January  1,  2023,  the 
comparative period is a 53-week basis ended January 2, 2022. Therefore, the amounts presented in the financial statements are not 
entirely comparable as the prior period represents an additional week. For practical reasons the entities accounting period is normally 
52-weeks long. Over time, the additional day per year accumulates to a week and the period will be 53-weeks, such is the case in the 
previous year.

These Statements were approved by the Company's board of directors (the "Board") on March 2, 2023.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The  principal  accounting  policies  applied  in  the  preparation  of  these  Statements  are  set  out  below.    These  policies  have  been 
consistently applied to all periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

2.1

Basis of preparation

The  Statements  were  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis  in  accordance  with  International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (“IFRS”)  as 
issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("IASB")  which  require  management  to  make  judgments,  estimates  and 
assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses. 
Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

The going concern basis asserts that the Company has the ability to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in 
the normal course of business.  At January 1, 2023, as a result of ongoing supply chain disruptions, the Company expects to be unable 
to comply with certain of its financial covenants under the terms of its credit facilities beginning on July 1, 2023.  

These events result in a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt as to the ability of the Company to continue as a going 
concern. The audited consolidated financial statements do not reflect adjustments that would be necessary if the Company was not a 
going concern. 

The Company expects operations to continue into the long-term.  The Company is taking a number of operational steps including cost 
savings measures to ensure adequate short-term liquidity. Additionally, the Company is continuing to work directly with suppliers and 
sub-suppliers to search for alternate or substitute parts where possible, increase production line parts inventories and develop longer 
lead times to better support new vehicle production. 

Subsequent to the balance sheet date, the Company entered into agreements on two additional credit facilities. A Canadian dollar $50 
million debt facility from the Manitoba Development Corporation for general corporate purposes.  A $50 million debt facility to support 
supply  chain  financing  and  an  arrangement  of  up  to  $100  million  of  surety  reinsurance  support  for  the  Company's  surety  and 
performance bonding requirements for new contracts, both provided by Export Development Canada. 

NFI and its banking syndicate partners are developing new long-term credit arrangements, and the Company will be seeking agreements 
that  provide  appropriate  capacity  and  covenants  matched  to  the  Company’s  anticipated  financial  performance  and  recovery.  The 
Company is targeting completion of these new agreements before July 1, 2023, although there is no assurances that such agreements 
will become available.

In assessing whether the going concern assumption was appropriate, the Company took into account all relevant information available 
about the future including its backlog, demand for its products, government funding levels in its core markets and the Company's ability 
to raise additional capital from various sources, including capital markets. 

12 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2. 

2.2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Principles of consolidation

The Statements include the accounts of the Company's subsidiaries. 

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries  are  entities  over  which  the  Company  has  control,  where  control  is  achieved  when  the  Company:  has  power  over  the 
investee; is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and has the ability to use its power to 
affect its returns. The Company holds 100% of the voting rights in, and therefore controls, its subsidiaries.

The effects of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable are considered when assessing whether control exists. Subsidiaries 
are fully consolidated from the date control is transferred to the Company, and are de-consolidated from the date control ceases.

The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries as follows:

• 

• 

• 

• 

cost is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of 
exchange, and business acquisition related expenses are expensed as incurred;

identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their fair values at the acquisition date;

the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill; and

if the acquisition cost is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired, the fair value of the net assets is reassessed and any 
remaining difference is recognized directly in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

Inter-company transactions between subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation.

2.3 

Reportable Segments

The  Company’s  reportable  segments  are  organized  around  the  markets  it  serves  and  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the 
internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”). The President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company 
has authority for resource allocation and assessment of the Company’s performance and therefore acts as the CODM.

2.4

Foreign currency

The  Company  operates  with  multiple  functional  currencies.  The  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  U.S. 
dollars as this presentation is most meaningful to financial statement users. References to “$” are to U.S. dollars, references to “C$” 
are  to  Canadian  dollars,  references  to  "£"  are  to  British  pounds  sterling.  For  those  subsidiaries  with  different  functional  currencies, 
exchange  rate  differences  arising  from  the  translation  of  items  that  form  part  of  the  net  investment  in  the  foreign  operation  are 
recorded in unrealized foreign exchange (losses) gain on translation of foreign operations in other comprehensive loss.

Monetary balances denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars are translated at the rates of exchange existing at the end of the 
period,  and  the  results  of  the  operations  are  translated  at  average  rates  of  exchange  over  the  period.  Non-monetary  balances  are 
translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction.

Foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  that  relate  to  borrowings,  non-current  monetary  items  and  non-current  forward  foreign  exchange 
contracts  are  presented  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  within  “unrealized  foreign  exchange  loss 
(gain) on non-current monetary items”.

All  other  foreign  exchange  gains  and  losses  are  presented  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  within 
“foreign exchange gain or loss”.

2.5

Revenue recognition

Manufacturing Operations 

Persuasive  evidence  of  an  arrangement  exists  in  the  form  of  a  written  contract.    A  process  is  in  place  that  initiates  a  pre-shipment 
acceptance  by  the  customer  at  the  Company’s  plant.    This  acceptance  prior  to  shipment  mitigates  the  likelihood  of  customer’s 
dissatisfaction  with  the  final  product  upon  delivery  to  the  customer.  Revenue  is  recorded  when  the  vehicle  is  delivered,  shipped,  or 
picked up by the customer.  The customer does not have a legal right to return the delivered products after the acceptance period, or 
deviate from the agreed upon price. The Company’s contract clearly identifies a fixed and determinable price.

13 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

In connection with its sales of new coaches, the Company at times agrees to accept a pre-owned coach in exchange and gives the buyer 
a credit equal to the pre-owned coach's then-current fair value. Any credit provided to the customer in excess of the fair value of the 
pre-owned coach is deducted from the selling price of the new coach. 

When  a  single  sale  transaction  requires  the  delivery  of  more  than  one  product  or  service  (multiple  performance  obligations),  the 
revenue recognition criteria are applied to the separately identifiable performance obligations. A performance obligation is considered 
to be separately identifiable if the product or service delivered has stand-alone value to that customer and the fair value associated 
with  the  product  or  service  can  be  measured  reliably.  The  amount  recognized  as  revenue  for  each  performance  obligation  is  its  fair 
value in relation to the fair value of the contract as a whole.  Management has determined that the standard base warranty included in 
the bus or coach purchase is not a separate performance obligation and therefore recognized upon delivery of the vehicle. 

The  Company  sells  extended  warranty  contracts  that  provide  coverage  in  addition  to  the  basic  coverage.  Proceeds  from  the  sale  of 
these  contracts  are  deferred  and  amortized  into  revenue  over  the  extended  warranty  period  commencing  at  the  end  of  the  basic 
warranty period.

The Company also receives proceeds from the sale of extended warranties relating to major subsystems such as engines, transmissions, 
axles  and  air  conditioning  that  are  purchased  for  the  customer  from  the  original  equipment  manufacturer  (“OEM”).  Revenue  is  not 
recognized on these proceeds, as the Company is an agent to the transaction.

The Company, from time-to-time, may enter into arrangements with customers where the customer has requested that the Company 
defer shipping a vehicle and instead hold it for a specified period until the customer is able to take possession.The Company recognizes 
revenue for bill and hold arrangements when the arrangement is substantive, the product is identified separately as belonging to the 
customer and ready for physical transfer to the customer, and the Company cannot use the product or allocate it to another customer. 
The Company does not recognize revenue on any bus or coach firm or option orders that have not yet been delivered except on bill and 
hold arrangements.

The Infrastructure SolutionsTM division sources, installs and commissions electric vehicle chargers, and constructs the related charging 
infrastructure.  Revenues  related  to  the  supply,  installation  and  commissioning  of  electric  vehicle  chargers  are  recognized  once  the 
chargers pass final customer acceptance testing. Revenues related to construction of charging infrastructure are recognized over time 
using the cost-to-cost input method. The cost-to-cost method measures the Company's progress toward completion based on the total 
costs incurred relative to the total estimated contract costs.

Operating  lease  revenue  is  recorded  on  a  straight-line  basis  in  the  period  earned  over  the  life  of  the  contract  and  is  recognized  in 
revenue in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss due to its operating nature. 

Aftermarket Operations

Persuasive  evidence  of  an  arrangement  exists  in  the  form  of  an  authorized  sales  order.    The  customer  is  invoiced,  and  revenue  is 
recorded at the time the part is delivered using a commercial shipper. For parts not kept in stock, the parts required by the customer 
and shipment details are provided to the supplier and the parts are shipped from the supplier directly to the customer's location, these 
transactions are recorded on a gross basis as the Company is the principal in the arrangement. The price list for parts clearly identifies 
a fixed and determinable price, while also describing that the Company has no legal obligation to accept the return of goods other than 
on defective and/or warrantable parts product. Aftermarket parts revenue does not contain any revenue related to the bus or coach 
warranty.

2.6 

Employee benefits

For defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits, the net periodic pension expense is actuarially determined by 
independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial remeasurement is comprised of actuarial gains and losses, the 
effect of the changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), and is reflected immediately 
in the statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they 
occur.  Remeasurement  recognized  in  other  comprehensive  income  is  reflected  immediately  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive 
income and will not be reclassified to profit or loss. Past service cost is recognized in profit or loss in the period of a plan amendment. 
Net  interest  is  calculated  by  applying  the  discount  rate  at  the  beginning  of  the  period  to  the  net  defined  benefit  liability  or  asset. 
Defined benefit costs are comprised of service costs (including current service cost, past service cost and gain or losses on curtailments 
and settlements), net interest expense or income and remeasurement.

14 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

The  asset  or  liability  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position  is  the  present  value  of  the  defined  benefit 
obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets, together with adjustments for past service costs. The 
present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of 
high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and that have terms to maturity 
approximating the terms of the related pension liability. For funded plans, surpluses are recognized only to the extent that the surplus 
is  considered  recoverable.  Recoverability  is  primarily  based  on  the  extent  to  which  the  Company  can  unilaterally  reduce  future 
contributions to the plan.

Payments to defined contribution plans are expensed as incurred, which is as the related employee service is rendered.

2.7

Share-based compensation plans		

The Company operates cash-settled and equity-settled share-based compensation plans under which it receives services from executive 
management and non-employee members of the Board.

For  the  cash-settled  plans  (note  11),  the  expense  is  determined  based  on  the  fair  value  of  the  liability  at  the  end  of  the  reporting 
period  until  the  awards  are  settled.  Certain  share-based  compensation  plans  include  non-market  performance  conditions.  The 
Company`s accounting policy is to recognize the impact of non-market performance conditions by adjusting the number of awards that 
are  expected  to  vest.  At  the  end  of  each  reporting  period,  the  Company  re-assesses  its  estimates  of  the  number  of  awards  that  are 
expected to vest and recognizes the impact of the revisions on compensation expense (note 23) in the consolidated statements of net 
loss and comprehensive loss. 

For the equity-settled plans (note 12), share-based payments to executive management are measured at the fair value of the equity 
instruments at the grant date. The fair value is measured at grant date and each tranche is recognized on a graded-vesting basis over 
the  period  in  which  the  options  vest.  The  offset  to  the  recorded  cost  is  the  stock  option  reserve.    Consideration  received  on  the 
exercise of stock options is recorded as share capital and the related stock option reserve is transferred to share capital. Upon expiry, 
the recorded value is transferred to retained earnings. At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the 
number  of  equity  instruments  expected  to  vest.  The  impact  of  the  revision  of  the  original  estimates,  if  any,  is  recognized  in  the 
consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  such  that  the  cumulative  expense  reflects  the  revised  estimate,  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to the stock option reserve.  Where the terms and conditions of options are modified, the increase in the fair 
value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the consolidated statements of net 
loss and comprehensive loss.

2.8 

Cash 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits and investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase 
of three months or less.

2.9          Accounts receivables

Accounts  receivables  are  amounts  due  from  customers  from  the  rendering  of  services  or  sale  of  goods  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
business.  Accounts  receivables  are  classified  as  current  assets  if  payment  is  due  within  one  year  or  less.  Accounts  receivables  are 
recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost, less impairment, if any.

The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments to provide for impairment of trade receivables. The 
expense relating to doubtful accounts is included within “Sales, general and administration costs and other operating expenses” in the  
consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

2.10         Inventories

Inventories  are  measured  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value.  The  cost  of  inventories  is  based  on  the  first-in  first-out 
principle, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in 
bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of finished goods inventories and work in progress, cost includes an 
appropriate share of production overheads based on normal operating capacity. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in 
the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.

15 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

2.11 

Property, plant and equipment

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  recorded  at  cost  reduced  by  applicable  investment  tax  credits,  less  accumulated  depreciation. 
Depreciation is calculated at the following annual rates:

Building and building improvements

Machinery and equipment

Demo buses and coaches

Computer hardware and software

Office equipment

Buses and coaches available for lease

4% declining-balance basis
25% declining-balance basis
20% - 50% straight-line basis

30% declining-balance basis
20% declining-balance basis
20% - 50% straight-line basis

Property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment as described under “Impairment of non-financial assets” in note 2.15.

2.12 

Right-of-use assets

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease based on whether the contract conveys a 
right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. 

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially 
measured  based  on  the  initial  amount  of  the  lease  liability  adjusted  for  any  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement 
date,  plus  any  initial  direct  costs  incurred  and  an  estimate  of  costs  to  dismantle  and  remove  the  underlying  asset  or  to  restore  the 
underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The assets are depreciated based on the lease 
term  of  the  asset  using  the  straight-line  method.  The  lease  term  includes  periods  covered  by  an  option  to  extend  if  the  Company  is 
reasonably certain to exercise that option. Lease terms are as follows: 

Land, building and building improvements

Machinery and equipment

Automobiles

Office equipment

4 - 35 years

15 months - 5 years

13 months - 3 years

14 months - 5 years

The  lease  liability  is  initially  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  lease  payments  that  are  not  paid  at  commencement  date, 
discounted  using  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the  lease  or,  if  the  rate  cannot  be  determined,  the  Company  uses  its  incremental 
borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a 
change in the future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate or if the Company changes its assessment of whether it 
will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. 

When  the  lease  liability  is  remeasured  in  this  way,  a  corresponding  adjustment  is  made  to  the  carrying  amount  of  the  right-of-use 
asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero. 

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases 
that  have  a  lease  term  of  12  months  or  less  and  leases  of  low-value  assets.  The  lease  payments  associated  with  these  leases  are 
recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

2.13 

Intangible assets

Identifiable intangible assets are initially recorded at cost. Based on management’s forecasts and business plans and the going concern 
of  the  Company,  the  trade  names  intangible  asset  (note  7)  has  been  deemed  to  have  an  indefinite  life,  except  for  the  "NABI  Parts" 
tradename  which  is  amortized  over  its  useful  life  of  12  years.  For  purposes  of  impairment  testing,  the  fair  value  of  trade  names  is 
determined using an income approach. 

Intangible  assets  that  have  a  finite  life  are  amortized  using  the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  lives  of  the  assets  as 
follows:

Patents and Licenses

Backlog of sales orders

Customer relationships

Internally developed intellectual property

16 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

5-12 years

1-2 years

21 years

5-7 years

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Identifiable intangible assets with finite and indefinite lives are tested for impairment as described under “Impairment of non-financial 
assets” in note 2.15.

2.14 

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Company’s share of the net identifiable assets of 
the  acquired  business  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  Separately  recognized  goodwill  is  tested  at  the  end  of  every  reporting  period  for 
possible  impairment  when  there  are  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  that  indicate  that  their  carrying  amounts  may  not  be 
recoverable and also tested annually for impairment.  Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses 
on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

2.15 

Impairment of non-financial assets 

Non-financial assets with finite lives are tested at the end of every reporting period for possible impairment when there are events or 
changes in circumstances that indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. In addition, non-financial assets that are 
not  amortized  are  subject  to  an  annual  impairment  assessment.  The  carrying  values  of  identifiable  intangible  assets  with  indefinite 
lives  are  tested  annually  for  impairment  because  they  are  not  amortized.  Impairment  is  determined  by  comparing  the  recoverable 
amount  of  such  assets  with  their  carrying  amounts.  Any  impairment  loss  is  recognized  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s  carrying 
amount exceeds its recoverable amount within earnings of continuing or discontinued operations, as appropriate. 

The  recoverable  amount  is  the  higher  of  an  asset’s  fair  value  less  cost  to  sell  or  its  value  in  use.  For  the  purpose  of  assessing 
impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows or cash generating units 
(“CGUs”). The Company evaluates impairment losses for potential reversals, other than goodwill impairment, when events or changes 
in circumstances warrant such consideration.

2.16        Provisions

Provisions  represent  liabilities  to  the  Company  for  which  the  amount  or  timing  is  uncertain.  Provisions  are  recognized  when  the 
Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be 
required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses, 
unless the losses relate to an onerous contract.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. Provisions are re-measured 
at each consolidated statements of financial position date using the current discount rate. The increase in the provision due to passage 
of time is recognized as interest expense.

At  the  time  of  sale,  a  provision  for  warranty  claims  relating  to  the  base  warranty  on  the  entire  bus  or  motor  coach  and  a  corrosion 
warranty  on  the  related  structure,  is  recorded  and  charged  against  operations.  This  warranty  provision  is  based  upon  management's 
best estimate of expected future warranty costs utilizing past claims experience. Actual warranty expenditures are charged against the 
provision as incurred. 

A provision for onerous contracts is recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Company from a contract are lower 
than the unavoidable cost of meeting its obligations under the contract. The provision is measured at the present value of the lower of 
the  expected  cost  of  terminating  the  contract  and  the  expected  net  cost  of  continuing  with  the  contract.  Before  a  provision  is 
established, the Company recognizes any impairment loss on the assets associated with that contract.

2.17 

Long-term debt

Long-term  debt  is  recognized  initially  at  fair  value,  net  of  transaction  costs  incurred.  Debt  is  subsequently  stated  at  amortized  cost 
with  any  difference  between  the  proceeds  and  the  amortized  cost  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and 
comprehensive loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method.

Debt is classified as a current liability unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least 12 months after 
the date of the consolidated statements of financial position.

17 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

2.18 

Convertible Debentures

Convertible  debentures  issued  by  the  Company  are  convertible  unsecured  debentures  that  can  be  converted  to  share  capital  at  the 
option of the holder. Upon conversion, the Company has the option pay the holder out in share capital or cash, this creates a derivative 
liability. The host liability component of the financial instrument is recognized initially at fair value of a similar liability that does not 
have a conversion option, net of transaction costs incurred, and is subsequently stated at amortized cost with any difference between 
the proceeds and the amortized cost recognized in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

The cash conversion option, net of transaction costs is treated as an embedded derivative which is recognized at fair value through 
profit and loss.

2.19 

Financial instruments

Financial assets

Purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the settlement date, which is the date on which the asset is delivered to or by 
the  Company.  Financial  assets  are  derecognized  when  the  rights  to  receive  cash  flows  from  the  investments  have  expired  or  were 
transferred  and  the  Company  has  transferred  substantially  all  risks  and  rewards  of  ownership.  Financial  assets  are  classified  in  the 
following categories at the time of initial recognition based on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired:

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Classification

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets held for trading or designated as fair value through profit or loss. 
A financial asset is classified in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short-term or if so designated by 
management.  Assets  in  this  category  include  derivative  financial  instruments  and  are  classified  as  short  or  long  term  assets  in  the 
consolidated statements of financial position.

Recognition and measurement

Financial  assets  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  carried  at  fair  value  through  profit  and  loss,  with  changes 
recognized in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred.

Financial assets carried at amortized cost

Classification

Financial assets classified as amortized cost are non-derivative financial assets that the Company intends to hold in order to collect the 
contractual cash flows and have fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current 
assets, except for those with maturities greater than 12 months after the consolidated statements of financial position date, which are 
classified as non-current assets. Assets in this category include accounts receivables, income tax receivables, deposits and cash and are 
classified as current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position.

Recognition and measurement

Financial  assets  carried  at  amortized  cost  are  initially  recognized  at  fair  value  plus  transaction  costs  and  subsequently  carried  at 
amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost

Financial  liabilities  primarily  consist  of  accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities,  derivative  financial  instruments,  convertible  debt, 
other  long-term  liabilities  and  long-term  debt.  Financial  liabilities  are  initially  measured  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at 
amortized cost unless classified as fair value through profit or loss. 

Hedge accounting and derivative instruments

The  Company  enters  into  foreign  currency,  interest  rate,  and  share  forward  contract  derivatives  to  manage  the  associated  risks. 
Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair 
value. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recognized in the consolidated statement of net loss, except for effective 
changes for designated derivatives under hedge accounting.  

18 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Cash flow hedges of Restricted Share Unit plan liabilities
In Q2 2022, the Company applied hedge accounting to certain designated derivatives related to the cash flow hedge of Restricted Share 
Unit plan liabilities. Under hedge accounting, to the extent effective, the gain or loss on the hedging derivatives is recorded in other 
comprehensive  loss.  Amounts  accumulated  in  other  comprehensive  loss  are  reclassified  to  the  statement  of  net  loss  in  the 
corresponding line item to the hedged risk.

On initial designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument, the Company formally documents the relationship between the hedging 
instrument and the hedged item, including the risk management objectives, the strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction and the 
hedged  risk,  the  identification  of  the  nature  of  the  risk  being  hedged  and  how  the  Corporation  will  assess  whether  the  hedging 
relationship  meets  the  hedge  effectiveness  requirements.  The  Corporation  makes  an  assessment,  both  at  the  inception  of  the  hedge 
relationship as well as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements including 
the economic relationship, the conclusion that credit risk does not dominate the value changes from that economic relationship and the 
hedge ratio is appropriate. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, such differences are recognized in the statement of net loss. 
When the hedged net investment is disposed of, the relevant amount in the translation reserve is transferred to the statement of net 
loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal.

When a hedging instrument expires, is sold or terminated, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any 
cumulative deferred gain or loss and deferred costs of hedging in equity at that time remains in equity until the forecast transaction 
occurs. When the forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss and deferred costs of hedging that 
were reported in equity are immediately reclassified to the statement of net loss.

Cash Conversion Option

An embedded derivative is a derivative component attached to a non-derivative contract. The Company has an embedded derivative, 
the cash conversion option of the Company’s convertible debentures (note 17). The cash conversion option meets separation criteria 
outlined  in  IFRS  9.4.3.3,  and  is  recognized  and  measured  separately  from  convertible  debentures.  This  embedded  derivative  is 
measured  in  accordance  with  IFRS,  measured  initially  at  fair  value,  with  changes  in  fair  values  recognized  within  the  consolidated 
statements net loss.

2.20 

Taxation

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss 
except to the extent it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case the related tax is recognized in equity.

Current tax expense is based on the results for the period as adjusted for items that are not taxable or not deductible. Current tax is 
calculated using the tax rates under the laws that were enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the consolidated statements of 
financial position.

Deferred  tax  is  accounted  for  using  the  liability  approach  and  is  the  tax  expected  to  be  payable  or  recoverable  on  temporary 
differences  between  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position  and  the 
corresponding  tax  base  used  in  the  computation  of  taxable  profit.  Deferred  tax  is  calculated  based  on  the  expected  manner  of 
realization  or  settlement  of  the  carrying  amount  of  assets  and  liabilities,  using  tax  rates  that  are  expected  to  apply  to  the  year  of 
realization or settlement based on tax rates and laws enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the consolidated statements of 
financial position.

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognized  to  the  extent  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which  the  deductible 
temporary  differences  can  be  utilized,  unless  the  deferred  tax  asset  arises  from  the  initial  recognition  of  an  asset  or  liability  in  a 
transaction that is not a business combination, and at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit 
(tax  loss).  The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position  date  and 
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be 
recovered.

Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognized  for  all  taxable  temporary  differences  except  to  the  extent  that  the  deferred  tax 
liability arises from: the initial recognition of goodwill; or the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a 
business  combination  and,  at  the  time  of  the  transaction,  affects  neither  accounting  profit  nor  taxable  profit  (tax  loss).  As  well, 
deferred  tax  liabilities  are  recognized  for  taxable  temporary  differences  arising  on  investments  in  subsidiaries  except  where  the 
reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

19 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

2.21 

Investment tax credits

The  Company  has  earned  investment  tax  credits  (“ITCs”)  relating  to  a  percentage  of  eligible  current  and  capital  research  and 
development expenditures incurred in each taxation year.  ITCs are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the Company 
will  comply  with  the  associated  conditions  and  the  grants  will  be  received.  The  ITCs  are  recognized  either  as  a  reduction  in  cost  of 
sales  on  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss,  or  as  a  reduction  in  intangibles,  or  property,  plant  and 
equipment, depending on where the original costs which gave rise to the credits were recorded.

2.22  

Vendor Rebates

The Company records certain consideration received from a vendor, which is probable and can be reasonably estimated, as a reduction 
of the cost of purchases during the period.

2.23 

Critical accounting estimates and judgments

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of 
future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

Management  makes  estimates  and  assumptions  concerning  the  future.  The  resulting  accounting  estimates  will,  by  definition,  seldom 
equal  the  actual  results.  Estimates  are  reviewed  on  a  regular  basis  and,  as  adjustments  become  necessary,  they  are  reported  in  the 
consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss in the periods in which they become known. The assets and liabilities which 
require management to make significant estimates and assumptions in determining carrying values include, inventories, property, plant 
and  equipment,  intangible  assets,  goodwill,  provisions,  accrued  benefit  liability,  deferred  compensation  obligation,  and  deferred 
income taxes.

Information  about  assumptions  and  estimation  uncertainties  that  have  a  significant  risk  of  resulting  in  a  material  adjustment  are 
addressed below.

Inventories 

The  value  associated  with  inventory  require  management  to  make  estimates  associated  with  allocating  labour  and  overhead  costs  to 
inventory in the period.  Determining the net realizable values of inventory also requires management to make significant estimates.

Property, plant and equipment

The  values  associated  with  property,  plant  and  equipment  is  dependent  on  the  estimated  useful  lives  and  the  residual  value  of  the 
assets.  Actual results will vary from these estimates.

Intangible assets and goodwill

The  values  associated  with  the  initial  recognition  and  impairment  tests  of  the  intangible  assets  and  goodwill  involve  significant 
estimates and assumptions, including those with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates and asset lives.

These significant estimates are subject to the Company’s future results. These determinations will affect the amount of amortization 
expense on intangible assets recognized in future periods.

Management assesses impairment by comparing the recoverable amount of an intangible asset or goodwill with its carrying value. The 
determination of the recoverable amount involves significant estimation by management.

Management  has  determined  that  for  purposes  of  this  evaluation  the  Company  has  five  CGUs:  North  American  bus/coach 
manufacturing, ARBOC, ADL manufacturing, ADL aftermarket parts operations, and NFI Parts - aftermarket parts operations.

Goodwill  is  allocated  to  the  Company’s  five  CGUs  for  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing.    The  Company  performs  its  annual  test  for 
impairment of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year and also when indicators of impairment exist. 

20 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Insurance provisions

Estimated provision around the companies insurance risk retention involves significant estimates.  Management estimates the related 
provision based on historical information, as well as any available information on actual claims.  Management engages an actuary to 
assist with these calculations, but future experience could vary significantly from historical information.

Accrued benefit liability

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates 
of  high-quality  corporate  bonds  that  are  denominated  in  the  currency  in  which  the  benefits  will  be  paid  and  that  have  terms  to 
maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. Determination of benefit expense requires assumptions such as the 
discount rate to measure obligations and return on assets, the projected age of employees upon retirement, life expectancy and the 
expected rate of future compensation changes. 

Actual  results  will  differ  from  results  which  are  estimated  based  on  assumptions.  See  note  2.6  for  certain  assumptions  made  with 
respect to employee benefits.

Deferred compensation obligation

The deferred compensation obligation is based on estimated future results of the Company.  These results could vary significantly from 
actual future results.  This would result in a significant change to the future compensation expense.

Income Taxes

Estimation  of  income  taxes  includes  evaluating  the  recoverability  of  deferred  tax  assets  based  on  an  assessment  of  the  Company’s 
ability to utilize the underlying future tax deductions against future taxable income before they expire. Management’s assessment is 
based  upon  existing  tax  laws  and  estimates  of  future  taxable  income.  If  the  assessment  of  the  Company’s  ability  to  utilize  the 
underlying future tax deductions changes, the Company would be required to recognize more or fewer of the tax deductions as assets, 
which would decrease or increase the income tax expense in the period in which this is determined.

The Company is subject to taxation in multiple jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision 
for taxation. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary 
course  of  business.  The  Company  maintains  provisions  for  uncertain  tax  positions  that  it  believes  appropriately  reflect  its  risk  with 
respect  to  tax  matters  under  active  discussion,  audit,  dispute  or  appeal  with  tax  authorities,  or  which  are  otherwise  considered  to 
involve uncertainty. These provisions for uncertain tax positions are made using management’s best estimate of the amount expected 
to be paid based on a qualitative assessment of all relevant factors. Management reviews the adequacy of these provisions at the date 
of each consolidated statement of financial position. However, it is possible that at some future date an additional liability could result 
from  audits  by  taxing  authorities.  Where  the  final  tax  outcome  of  these  matters  is  different  from  the  amounts  that  were  initially 
recorded, such differences will affect the tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.

Provision for Warranty and Campaign Costs

The  Company  offers  warranties  on  the  buses  and  coaches  it  sells.  Management  estimates  the  related  provision  for  future  warranty 
claims  and  campaigns  based  on  historical  warranty  claim  information,  as  well  as  recent  trends  that  might  suggest  that  past  cost 
information  may  differ  from  future  claims.  Factors  that  could  impact  the  estimated  claim  information  include  quality  initiatives,  as 
well as parts and labour costs.

Critical judgments in applying accounting policies

The following critical judgments that were made by management have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized  in  the 
financial statements.

Revenue recognition

As described in note 2.5, management assessed the criteria for the recognition of revenue related to arrangements that have multiple 
components as set out in IFRS 15. Also, judgment is necessary to determine when components can be recognized separately and the 
allocation of the related consideration allocated to each component.

Also described in note 2.5, management assessed the criteria for the recognition of revenue in an agency relationship related to the 
sale of extended warranties that are purchased for the customer from the OEM as set out in  IFRS 15.  

21 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Functional currency

Management assessed the criteria for the determination of functional currency as set out in International Accounting Standards ("IAS") 
21.  An  entity  is  required  to  place  the  greatest  weight  on  the  currency  that  influences  the  pricing  of  the  transactions  or  the  primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates, rather than focusing on the currency in which the transactions are denominated 
in. Items included in the financial statements of each consolidated entity of the Company are measured using the functional currency. 
The consolidated financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar, which is the Company's functional and presentation currency.

The financial statements of entities that have a functional currency different from that of the Company's (“foreign operations”) are  
translated into U.S. dollars. All resulting changes are recognized in other comprehensive income as cumulative translation adjustments.

Goodwill

Judgment is required in the selection of CGUs and the allocation of assets and liabilities to these CGUs, which is necessary to assess the 
impairment of long-term assets, goodwill and intangible assets.

2.24  

Standards Issued but not yet adopted

IFRS 17 – Insurance Contracts:
In  May  2017,  with  amendments  in  June  2020,  the  IASB  issued  IFRS  17,  Insurance  Contracts  which  will  replace  IFRS  4,  effective  for 
annual  reporting  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2023,  which  introduced  new  guidance  for  recognition,  measurement, 
presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts. 

The  standard  requires  entities  to  measure  insurance  contract  liabilities  as  the  risk-adjusted  present  value  of  the  cash  flows  plus  the 
contractual service margin, which represents the unearned profit the entity will recognize as future service is provided. Depending on 
the type of contract, this is measured using the general measurement model or the variable fee approach. Expedients are specified, 
provided the insurance contracts meet certain conditions. The premium allocation approach is permitted for the liability for remaining 
coverage on contracts with a duration of one year or less, or where the use of the premium allocation approach closely approximates 
the use of the general measurement model. If, at initial recognition or subsequently, the fulfillment cash flows are in a net outflow, 
the  contract  is  considered  onerous  and  the  excess  is  recognized  immediately  in  profit.  A  loss  recovery  component  is  recognized 
immediately  in  profit  representing  amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  related  to  onerous  contracts.  Management  is  currently 
assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

IAS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements:
Disclosure  of  Accounting  policies  which  amends  IAS  1,  Presentation  of  financial  statements  was  issued  in  February  2021,  with 
amendments issued October 2022, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. The amendments to the 
standard  clarify  some  requirements  relating  to  materiality,  order  of  notes,  subtotals,  accounting  policies  and  disaggregation.  The 
amended  paragraphs  require  entities  to  disclose  their  material  accounting  policy  information  rather  than  significant  accounting 
policies,  as  well  as  provided  a  four-step  materiality  process  to  determine  which  accounting  policy  disclosures  are  required.  
Management is currently assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. 

Classification  of  Liabilities  as  Current  or  Non-current,  which  amends  IAS  1,  was  issued  January  2020,  effective  for  annual  reporting 
periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2024.  This  clarified  a  criterion  in  IAS  1  for  classifying  a  liability  as  non-current:  the 
requirement  for  an  entity  to  have  the  right  to  defer  settlement  of  the  liability  for  at  least  12  months  after  the  reporting  period. 
Management is currently assessing the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

3.  ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts (note 15c)

Other

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

$ 

333,598  $ 

32,626   

366,224  $ 

368,548 

27,987 

396,535 

22 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

4. 

INVENTORIES

Raw materials

Work in process

Finished goods

Cost of inventories recognized as expense and included in cost of sales

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

329,388  $ 

343,424

59,284

732,096  $ 

281,826 

246,364

39,508

567,698 

Fiscal 2022

1,892,039  $ 

Fiscal 2021

2,047,664 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Write-down of inventory to net realizable value in cost of sales

8,362   

3,025 

5.  PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Land, building 
and building 
improvements

Machinery 
and 
equipment

Computer 
hardware 
and 
software

Demo 
buses 
and 
coaches

Buses and 
coaches 
available 
for lease

Office 
equipment

Total

Cost

$ 

118,253  $  202,362  $  53,163  $ 

7,812  $ 46,358  $ 

25,631    453,579 

Accumulated depreciation

17,900

118,756

33,581

5,018

29,176

16,998   221,429 

December 27, 2020 net book value

100,353   

83,606   

19,582   

2,794    17,182   

8,633    232,150 

Additions

Transfer from (to) inventory

Disposals

Depreciation charge

Impairment

Cumulative translation adjustment

January 2, 2022 net book value

Additions

Transfer to inventory

Disposals

Depreciation charge

Impairment (note 29)

Cumulative translation adjustment

2,449   

18,097   

4,277   

193    8,282   

216   

33,514 

(50)   

(1,226)   

418   

(447)   

—   

(15)   

—    1,241   

1,249   

2,858 

(20)    (2,829)   

—   

(4,537) 

(3,762)   

(19,990)   

(5,728)   

(559)    (8,045)   

(3,473)    (41,557) 

—   

(63)   

(550)   

(127)   

(131)   

(73)   

—   

—   

—   

(118)   

—   

(28)   

(681) 

(409) 

97,701   

81,007   

17,912   

2,408    15,713   

6,597    221,338 

3,290   

13,458   

1,745   

67    2,799   

12   

21,371 

—   

—   

(138)   

(475)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(908)   

(640)   

(2,178)   

(3,086) 

—   

(1,253) 

(4,860)   

(16,384)   

(4,441)   

(521)    (6,752)   

(2,341)    (35,299) 

(2,558)   

—   

—   

(904)   

(2,719)   

(225)   

—   

7   

—   

(902)   

—   

(2,558) 

13   

(4,730) 

January 1, 2023 net book value

$ 

92,531  $ 

74,887  $  14,991  $ 

1,961  $  9,310  $ 

2,103  $ 195,783 

Recorded as:

Cost

Accumulated depreciation

January 2, 2022 net book value

Cost

Accumulated depreciation

January 1, 2023 net book value

Land, building 
and building 
improvements

Machinery 
and 
equipment

Computer 
hardware 
and 
software

Office 
equipment

Demo 
buses 
and 
coaches

Buses and 
coaches 
available 
for lease

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

119,363  $  219,753  $ 

57,221  $ 

7,985  $  52,934  $ 

27,068  $ 484,324 

21,662

138,746

39,309

5,577

37,221

20,471

262,986

97,701  $ 

81,007  $ 

17,912  $ 

2,408  $  15,713  $ 

6,597  $ 221,338 

119,053  $  230,017  $ 

58,741  $ 

8,059  $  53,283  $ 

24,915  $ 494,068 

26,522

155,130

43,750

6,098

43,973

22,812

298,285

92,531  $ 

74,887  $ 

14,991  $ 

1,961  $  9,310  $ 

2,103  $ 195,783 

23 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

6.  RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS

Cost

Accumulated Depreciation

December 27, 2020 net book value

Additions

Disposals

Impairment

Depreciation charge

Cumulative translation adjustment

January 2, 2022 net book value

Additions

Disposals

Impairment

Depreciation charge

Cumulative translation adjustment

Land, building 
and building 
improvements

Machinery 
and 
equipment

Computer 
hardware 
and software

140,250   

27,411   

112,839   

17,178   

(5,756)   

(1,181)   

(15,288)   

304   

$ 

108,096  $ 

15,133   

(4,223)   

(4,144)   

(14,401)   

(2,681)   

49,708   

30,014   

19,694   

706   

(44)   

(88)   

(7,140)   

81   

13,209  $ 

1,210   

(78)   

—   

(5,818)   

(184)   

13,690  $ 

12,850   

840  $ 

—   

—   

—   

(384)   

—   

456  $ 

1,501   

—   

—   

(444)   

—   

Total

203,648 

70,275 

133,373 

17,884 

(5,800) 

(1,269) 

(22,812) 

385 

121,761 

17,844 

(4,301) 

(4,144) 

(20,663) 

(2,865) 

January 1, 2023 net book value

$ 

97,780  $ 

8,339  $ 

1,513  $ 

107,632 

Recorded as:

Cost

Accumulated Depreciation

January 2, 2022 net book value

Cost

Accumulated Depreciation

January 1, 2023 net book value

Land, building 
and building 
improvements

Machinery 
and 
equipment

Computer 
hardware 
and software

146,952   

38,856   

108,096   

151,037   

53,257   

49,454   

36,245   

13,209   

50,402   

42,063   

13,690   

13,234   

456   

15,191   

13,678   

$ 

97,780  $ 

8,339  $ 

1,513  $ 

Total

210,096 

88,335 

121,761 

216,630 

108,998 

107,632 

Total cash outflows for payments on lease liabilities was $27.3 million for the period ended January 1, 2023 (2021: $23.9 million) of 
which $24.5 million (2021: $18.2 million) was for principal repayments.                                           

Right-of-use asset impairments are associated with a service center location and production facility location that will not be used by 
the  Company  for  the  remaining  duration  of  the  lease  as  a  result  of  the  "NFI  Forward"  restructuring  program  (see  note  29).  The 
impairments total of $4.1 million (2021: $1.3 million) are reflected in the Manufacturing reportable segment. 

The Company assessed the extension periods embedded within each lease for inclusion in the lease liabilities on a lease-by-lease basis. 
When  it  determined  it  was  reasonably  certain  to  exercise  the  extension  option  within  the  lease,  the  Company  has  included  those 
extension periods in the initial recognition of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Significant leases where assumptions have been 
made are long-term building leases.

24 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

7.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Trade 
names

Patents 
and 
Licenses

Customer 
relationships

Backlog of 
sales 
orders

Internally 
developed 
intellectual 
property

Total

Cost

$  529,487  $  270,499  $  154,405  $ 

530,228  $ 

21,004   

—  $  1,505,623 

Accumulated amortization

— 

1,788 

133,260   

172,190   

21,004   

—   

328,242 

December 27, 2020 net book value

  529,487 

  268,711 

21,145   

358,038   

Additions

Amortization charge

Impairment loss

—   
—   
— 

—   
(275)   

— 

Cumulative translation adjustment

(904)   

(145)   

1,078   

—   

(7,576)   

(24,935)   

—   

61   

—   

(1,392)   

January 2, 2022 net book value

  528,583 

  268,291 

14,708   

331,711   

Additions

Amortization charge

Impairment loss

— 

— 

— 

—   

—   

(275)   

(6,797)   

(23,661)   

  (103,900)   

— 

—   

—   

Cumulative translation adjustment

(14,980)   

(4,857)   

(1,030)   

(11,961)   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—    1,177,381 

1,670   

2,748 

—   

—   

—   

(32,786) 

— 

(2,380) 

1,670    1,144,963 

10,212   

10,212 

(749)   

(31,482) 

—   

(103,900) 

(544)   

(33,372) 

January 1, 2023 net book value

$  409,703  $  263,159  $ 

6,881  $ 

296,089  $ 

—  $ 

10,589  $ 

986,421 

Recorded as:

Cost

$  528,583  $  270,354  $  155,800  $ 

528,995  $ 

21,738  $ 

1,670    1,507,140 

Accumulated amortization

— 

2,063 

141,092   

197,284   

21,738   

—   

362,177 

January 2, 2022 net book value

  528,583 

  268,291 

14,708   

331,711   

Cost

  409,703 

  265,497 

154,770   

517,034   

Accumulated amortization

— 

2,338 

147,889   

220,945   

—   

—   

—   

1670    1,144,963 

11,338    1,358,342 

749   

371,921 

January 1, 2023 net book value

$  409,703  $  263,159  $ 

6,881  $ 

296,089  $ 

—  $ 

10,589  $ 

986,421 

The  recoverable  amount  of  the  Company’s  CGUs  is  determined  based  on  the  greater  of  value-in-use  calculations  and  fair  value  less 
costs  to  sell.  Value-in-use  calculations,  which  was  determined  to  be  the  recoverable  amount,  use  estimated  cash  flow  projections 
based on adjusted financial plans approved by the Board covering five-year periods and discount rates based on weighted average cost 
of capital of like businesses that range between 13% and 17% per annum for the ADL and the North American bus/coach manufacturing 
CGUs; between 13% and 18% for the ARBOC CGU; and between 11.4% and 15.6% per annum for the NFI parts - aftermarket parts and 
ADL parts CGUs. Cash flows beyond this period are extrapolated using a steady estimated growth rate based on the long-term average 
annual  growth  rate  of  3%  for  each  industry  in  which  the  CGUs  operate.  Management  has  determined  planned  cash  flows  based  on  a 
projected  production  schedule,  past  performance  and  expectations  of  market  development.  The  discount  rates  used  reflect  specific 
risks relating to the relevant CGUs.

Based upon the results of the quantitative impairment tests, the Company concluded:

•

•

the estimated recoverable amount of the ARBOC manufacturing CGU, which is the value-in-use, was $91.2 million and that 
the carrying amount exceeded the recoverable amount, which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge of $23.2 million;

the estimated recoverable amount of the ADL manufacturing CGU, which is the value-in-use, was $177.7 million and that the 
carrying amount exceeded the recoverable amount, which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge of $80.7 million.

Both the ARBOC and ADL manufacturing CGUs goodwill impairment reflects increases in market interest rates, as well as timing of the 
market recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related supply chain disruptions.

The impacts of the COVID-19, and the global supply chain issues have impacted the cash flow projections for all of the CGUs. Sensitivity 
testing is conducted as part of the annual impairment tests. Management believes that any reasonable change in the key assumptions 
used to determine the recoverable amounts would not result in an impairment at the North American bus/coach manufacturing CGU,  
or NFI Parts-  aftermarket parts CGU.

Impairment of the remaining CGUs may result if one of the following changes occurs:

25 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

7.  GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

ADL parts CGU

• the discount rate is higher by at least 3%

Based  upon  historical  operating  results,  management’s  forecasts  and  business  plans,  the  Company’s  trade  names  were  assigned  an 
indefinite life, except for the "NABI Parts" tradename (net book value of $1,100 at January 1, 2023) which is amortized over its useful 
life, which ends in 2025. 

8.  OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS

Long-term restricted deposit

Long-term accounts receivable

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

$ 

25,351  $ 

6,775   

32,126  $ 

30,712 

5,792 

36,504 

Long-term restricted deposit is collateral for certain of the Company's letters of credit.

9.  CURRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM LIABILITIES 

Deferred revenue (note 13)

Provisions (note 14)

Deferred compensation obligation (note 11)

Obligations under leases

10.  ACCRUED BENEFIT ASSET (LIABILITY) 

Defined benefit plan 

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

$ 

128,426  $ 

20,708   

536   

17,581   

167,251  $ 

98,408 

20,151 

1,040 

23,261 

142,860 

Certain  of  the  Company's  subsidiaries  have  defined  benefit  plans  which  cover  certain  employees  in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 
Actuarial valuations for the Company's subsidiaries were last performed as at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021. 

26 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

10.  ACCRUED BENEFIT ASSET (LIABILITY) (Continued)

Information in respect of the Company's defined benefit plans is as follows:

Change in plan assets
Plan assets at fair value — beginning of period
Interest income

Remeasurement gains (losses) - return on plan assets (excluding amounts in net interest)

Administrative expenses

Employer’s contributions

Benefits paid

Plan settlement

Foreign exchange loss
Plan assets at fair value — end of period

Change in defined benefit obligation
Defined benefit obligation — beginning of period
Current service cost

Interest cost

Benefits paid

Foreign exchange loss

Actuarial gain arising from changes in financial assumptions

Actuarial gain arising from experience adjustments assumptions
Defined benefit obligation — end of period
Accrued benefit asset (liability) - present value of unfunded obligations

The actual loss on the plan assets for Fiscal 2022 was $13,028 (Fiscal 2021: $7,468).

January 1, 
2023

January 2, 
2022

$ 

109,324  $ 

108,750 

3,175   

(16,203)   

(239)   

4,254   

(5,651)   

(3,706)   

(5,892)   

2,520 

4,948 

(183) 

3,565 

(6,478) 

— 

(3,798) 

85,062   

109,324 

116,419   

129,492 

4,597   

3,362   

5,088 

2,998 

(9,358)   

(12,522) 

(4,828)   

2,331 

(36,950)   

(10,834) 

—   

(134) 

73,242   

116,419 

$ 

11,820  $ 

(7,095) 

The significant actuarial assumptions adopted in measuring the Company’s accrued benefit obligation and net pension plan expenses 
are as follows:

Country

Canada

Canada

US

Country

Canada

Canada

Mortality Table

CPM2014 Private sector with Scale MI-2017 with size adjustment

CPM2014 Private combined with the MI-2017 improvement scale

Private-2012 MP2021

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Discount Rate

 5.10 %

2.20% - 5.10%

 5.15 %

 2.40 %

 3.00 %

Discount rate - sensitivity

Life expectancy - sensitivity

Last valuation date

Next valuation 
date

Then obligation 
would decrease 
by:

Then obligation 
would increase 
by:

Then obligation 
would increase 
by:

Then obligation 
would decrease 
by:

1% increase

1% decrease one year increase one year decrease

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2019

Dec. 31, 2022

 14.0 %

 24.2 %

 17.5 %

 30.2 %

 1.3 %

 2.4 %

 1.3 %

 2.3 %

The defined benefit plans typically expose the Company to actuarial risks such as: investment risk, interest rate risk and longevity risk.

Investment risk

The  present  value  of  the  defined  benefit  plan  liability  is  calculated  using  a  discount  rate  determined  by  reference  to  high  quality 
corporate  bond  yields;  if  the  return  on  plan  assets  is  below  this  rate,  it  will  create  a  plan  deficit.  Management  believes  the  plans 
currently  have  a  relatively  balanced  investment  in  equity  securities  and  debt  instruments.  Due  to  the  long-term  nature  of  the  plan 
liabilities, the Company's pension committee considers it appropriate that a reasonable portion of the plan assets should be invested in 
equity securities to leverage the return generated by the fund.

27 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

10.  ACCRUED BENEFIT ASSET (LIABILITY) (Continued)

Interest rate risk

A decrease in the bond interest rate will increase the plan liability; however, this will be partially offset by an increase in the return on 
the plan’s debt investments.

Longevity risk

The  present  value  of  the  defined  benefit  plan  liability  is  calculated  by  reference  to  the  best  estimate  of  the  mortality  of  plan 
participants both during and after their employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan’s 
liability.

The Company’s defined benefit plans are a fixed benefit plan and, as a result, the rate of compensation increases does not have any 
impact  on  the  actuarially  determined  accrued  benefit  liability.  Expected  contributions  to  the  defined  benefit  plan  for  the  52-week 
period ending January 1, 2023 are $3,700.

The Company's defined benefit pension plan expense, included in cost of sales and sales, general and administration costs and other 
operating expenses is as follows:

Current service costs

Net interest expense

Administrative expenses

Foreign exchange loss

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

4,597  $ 

5,088 

187

239   

—   

477

183 

652 

Components of defined benefit costs recognized in net earnings (loss)

$ 

5,023  $ 

6,400 

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Remeasurement (losses) gains - return on plan assets (excluding amounts in net interest)

$ 

(16,203)  $ 

Actuarial gains arising from changes in financial assumptions

Actuarial gains arising from experience adjustments assumptions

Foreign exchange gain

Deferred income taxes recorded through other comprehensive loss

36,950   

—   

(30)   

20,717   

(5,873)   

Net actuarial gains recognized in other comprehensive loss

$ 

14,844  $ 

An analysis of the assets of the plans by investment category is provided as follows:

4,948 

10,834 

134 

65 

15,981 

(4,049) 

11,932 

Asset category

Cash and cash equivalents

Canadian equities

Foreign equities

Real estate

Bonds

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

 72.7 %

 4.9 %

 11.6 %

 0.0 %

 10.8 %

 100.0 %

 0.0 %

 18.0 %

 27.6 %

 5.5 %

 48.9 %

 100.0 %

At January 1, 2023, the Company was in the process of transferring its cash assets into the other investment categories in accordance 
with its plan documents, the temporary allocation is due to changing the service provider, who holds the Company's investments.

28 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

11.  DEFERRED COMPENSATION OBLIGATION

Restricted share units under PRSU Plan (officers and executive management)

Deferred share units under DSU Plan (non-employee board of directors)

Less: current portion

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

536

1,497

2,033

536

$ 

1,497  $ 

1,040

2,769

3,809

1,040

2,769 

Effective  December  17,  2012,  the  Board  approved  the  Performance  and  Restricted  Share  Unit  Plan  (the  “PRSU  Plan”)  and  it  was 
amended on December 16, 2013, December 18, 2018 and August 5, 2020. The terms of the amended PRSU Plan govern awards made on 
or after the 2014 plan year, 2018 plan year and August 2020, respectively.

The purposes of the PRSU Plan are to attract, retain and motivate key personnel, reward officers and executive management and to 
align their interests with those of shareholders by making a significant portion of their incentive compensation directly dependent on 
achieving key strategic, financial and operational objectives that are crucial to the ongoing growth and profitability of the Company.  
Under the terms of the PRSU Plan, the Human Resources, Compensation and Corporate Governance committee of the Board may grant 
eligible  participants  performance  share  units  (“PSUs”)  or  restricted  share  units  (“RSUs”),  which  give  the  holders  thereof  the  right  to 
receive, upon vesting and redemption of a unit, a cash payment equal to the fair market value of a Share at the time of redemption.  
When dividends are paid on a Share, additional units equivalent to the amount of the dividends multiplied by the number of PSUs and 
RSUs held (and determined based on the then fair market value of the Shares) are credited to a participant’s account. The actual value 
of  a  PSU  on  the  settlement  date  is  contingent  on  the  Share  price  and  the  Company’s  actual  performance  over  a  three-year  period 
relative to the established objectives.

The actual value of an RSU on the settlement date is contingent on the Share price only and RSUs generally vest and settle as to one-
third on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. PSUs and RSUs also immediately vest upon a participant's 
termination  without  cause  or  resignation  for  good  reason  within  a  specified  period  of  time  following  the  closing  of  a  transaction 
resulting in certain change of control events and upon certain terminations of employment and, with respect to PSUs and RSUs granted 
prior to 2019, upon the closing of a transaction resulting in certain change of control events. 

RSUs and PSUs granted in Fiscal 2022 were determined based on the volume weighted average trading price of a Share for the last five 
trading days of 2021 and the desired compensation value.

As well, the Board adopted NFI’s Deferred Share Unit Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "DSU Plan") on November 7, 2011 and it was 
amended and restated on December 8, 2015, December 18, 2015, March 14, 2019 and September 14, 2020. Pursuant to the plan, non-
employee directors may elect once each calendar year to receive all or a portion of their annual retainer and meeting fees in the form 
of deferred share units (“DSUs”) and RSUs instead of cash. A DSU is the right to receive a cash payment based on the value of a Share 
credited by means of a bookkeeping entry to an account in the name of the non-employee director. DSUs are credited to the director’s 
account on the first day of each calendar quarter, the number of which is determined by dividing the amount of the applicable portion 
of the director’s elected amount by the volume weighted average trading price of a Share for the last five trading days.  

When dividends are paid on a Share, additional DSUs equivalent to the amount of the dividend multiplied by the number of DSUs held 
(and  determined  based  on  the  then  fair  market  value  of  the  Shares)  will  be  credited  to  the  director’s  account.  At  the  end  of  the 
director’s  tenure  as  a  member  of  the  Board,  the  director  will  be  entitled  to  receive  a  cash  redemption  payment  equal  to  the  fair 
market value of a share multiplied by the number of DSUs held.

29 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

11.  DEFERRED COMPENSATION OBLIGATION (Continued)

Units outstanding at December 27, 2020

Units granted

Distribution units granted

Units Expired

Units Redeemed

Vested and reclassified as current liability

Units outstanding at January 2, 2022

Units granted

Distribution units granted

Units Expired

Vested and reclassified as current liability

Units outstanding at January 1, 2023

Vested units

Unvested units

PSUs

RSUs

217,891

129,106

2,039

77,018

64,553

3,549

(349,036) 

  (10,754) 

— 

—

—

163,287

—

  (21,644) 

(57,320)

55,402

81,643

2,104

(163,287) 

(1,481) 

—

—

—

—

(63,541)

74,127

— 

74,127

DSUs

145,588

23,704

5,042
— 

— 

— 

174,334

43,513

3,011

— 

— 

220,858

220,858

— 

Total

440,497

217,363

10,630

(359,790)

(21,644)

(57,320)

229,736

288,443

5,115

(164,768) 

(63,541)

294,985

220,858

74,127

12.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - EQUITY SETTLED

The Board adopted a Share Option Plan (the “2013 Option Plan”) for NFI on March 21, 2013, under which employees of NFI and certain 
of its affiliates may receive grants of share options. The 2013 Option Plan was amended and restated on December 8, 2015, December 
31, 2018 and August 5, 2020.  A maximum of 3,600,000 Shares are reserved for issuance under the 2013 Option Plan. One quarter of the 
share  options  become  vested  on  the  first  grant  date  anniversary  and  an  additional  one-quarter  on  the  second,  third  and  fourth 
anniversary of such date.

The Board adopted a new share option plan on March 12, 2020 (the "2020 Option Plan"), which was approved by shareholders on May 7, 
2020  and  amended  on  August  5,  2020,  under  which  employees  of  NFI  and  certain  of  its  affiliates  may  receive  grants  of  options  for 
shares.  A maximum of 3,200,000 Shares are reserved for issuance under the 2020 Option Plan. The options become vested as to one-
quarter on the first grant date anniversary and an additional one-quarter on the second, third and fourth anniversary of the grant date. 
No options have been granted under the 2020 Option Plan.

Directors who are not employed with NFI are not eligible to participate in the 2013 Option Plan and the 2020 Option Plan.

Option Grant 
dates

Number

Exercised

Expired

Vested

Unvested

Expiry date

Exercise 
price

Fair Value 
at grant 
date

March 26, 2013

490,356

(490,356)  

—   

December 30, 2013

612,050

(602,419)

(9,631)  

—   

—   

— 

March 26, 2021

—  December 30, 2021

December 28, 2014

499,984

(252,233)

(11,368)

(236,383)  

—  December 28, 2022

December 28, 2015

221,888

(19,532)  

— 

(202,356)  

—  December 28, 2023

September 8, 2016

2,171  

— 

(2,171)

—  

151,419

(1,610)

(11,888)

(137,921)  

January 3, 2017

January 2, 2018

January 2, 2019

July 15, 2019

152,883  

284,674  

2,835  

December 31, 2019

519,916  

December 28, 2020  

258,673   

February 10, 2021

August 16, 2021

January 3, 2022

April 1, 2022

1,894  

601  

311,892  

1,728  

— 

— 

— 

September 8, 2024

January 3, 2025

January 2, 2026

January 2, 2027

— 

— 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

(29,198)

(123,685)  

(59,186)  

(169,118) 

56,370

—   

(2,126) 

(78,772)   

(330,861) 

(26,603)   

(116,041)   

—   

—   

(947) 

(150)   

709

July 15, 2027
110,283 December 31, 2027
116,029  December 28, 2028
947 December 28, 2028
451 

August 16, 2029

(7,940)   

—   

— 

— 

303,952

1,728

January 3, 2030

April 3, 2030

3,512,964 (1,366,150)

(236,757)

(1,319,588)

590,469

30 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

$10.20

$10.57

$13.45

$26.75

$42.83

$40.84

$54.00

$33.43

$35.98

$26.81

$24.70

$28.74

$30.79

$20.26

$16.25

$27.41

 $1.55 

 $1.44 

 $1.83 

 $4.21 

 $8.06 

 $7.74 

 $9.53 

 $5.01 

 $4.90 

 $3.36 

$6.28

 $6.28 

$6.28

$6.10

$6.51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

12.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - EQUITY SETTLED (Continued)

The vested options granted on December 28, 2014 due to expire on December 28, 2022 remain exercisable.

The following reconciles the share options outstanding:

Balance at beginning of period

Granted during the period

Expired during the period

Exercised during the period
Balance at end of period

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Number
1,617,759

313,620 

(21,322) 

—

1,910,057

Weighted average 
exercise price
 C$28.82 

 C$20.24  

 C$28.84   

C$0.00

C$27.41

Number
1,503,117

261,168 

(110,449) 

(36,077)

1,617,759

Weighted average 
exercise price
C$29.32

C$24.73

C$31.93

C$10.49

C$28.82

Fair values were measured based on the Black-Scholes formula. Expected volatility is estimated by considering historic average share 
price  volatility.  The  inputs  used  in  the  measurement  of  the  fair  values  of  the  share-based  payment  plans  granted  in  Fiscal  2022  and 
Fiscal 2021 are the following:

Options grant date

Fair value at grant date (C$)

Share price (C$)

Exercise price (C$)

Expected volatility

Option life (expected weighted average life)

Expected dividends

Risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds)

January 3, 2022 December 28, 2020

$6.10-$6.51

$16.25-$20.26

$16.25-$20.26

46.0%-47.9%

5.5 years

1.63%-3.77%

1.29%-2.45%

$6.28

$24.70

$24.70

 44.0 %

5.5 years

 4.57 %

 0.45 %

On  May  8,  2014,  shareholders’  approved  the  Company’s  Restricted  Share  Unit  Plan  for  Non-Employee  Directors  (the  “Director  RSU 
Plan”). The Director RSU Plan was amended and restated on December 8, 2015, December 31, 2017, March 14, 2019 and September 14, 
2020.  A maximum of 500,000 Shares are reserved for issuance under the Director RSU Plan. Pursuant to the Director RSU Plan, non-
employee directors are permitted to elect, once each calendar year, to receive all or a portion of their annual retainer in the form of 
restricted share units ("Director RSUs") and/or DSUs instead of cash.  A Director RSU is a right to acquire a fully-paid and non-assessable 
Share credited by means of a bookkeeping entry to an account in the name of the non-employee director. 

 Pursuant to the plan, non-employee directors may elect once each calendar year to receive all or a portion of their annual retainer 
and  meeting  fees  in  the  form  of  deferred  share  units  (“DSUs”)  and  restricted  share  units  instead  of  cash.    The  Board,  in  its  sole 
discretion,  may  award  additional  Director  RSUs,  subject  to  an  annual  aggregate  value  of  $150  per  director.  The  number  of  Director 
RSUs to be awarded to a director is determined by dividing the amount of the applicable portion of the director’s annual retainer by 
the applicable fair market value of a Share on that date. When dividends are paid on a Share, additional Director RSUs equivalent to 
the aggregate number of Director RSUs held by a director on the dividend record date multiplied by the amount of dividend paid by NFI 
on each Share, and then divided by the fair market value of the Shares on the dividend payment date, will automatically be credited to 
the  director’s  account.  Under  the  Director  RSU  Plan,  Director  RSUs  vest  immediately  as  at  each  applicable  award  date.  A  director 
(other  than  a  U.S.  director)  will  be  permitted  to  exercise  the  Director  RSUs  credited  to  his  or  her  account  at  any  time  prior  to 
December 15 of the year following the year in which the director ceases to be a non-employee director of NFI or one of its affiliates. A 
U.S.  director  will  be  required  to  specify  the  exercise  date  in  the  annual  election  form  in  accordance  with  Section  409A  of  the  U.S. 
Internal Revenue Code. 

31 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

12.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION - EQUITY SETTLED (Continued)

Balance – December 27, 2020

Director RSUs issued 

Director RSUs exercised

Balance – January 2, 2022

Director RSUs issued 

Director RSUs exercised

Balance – January 1, 2023

13.  DEFERRED REVENUE

Extended warranties

Progress payments

Less: current portion of deferred revenue (note 9)

Number of Director RSUs

45,470 

37,926 

(13,828) 

69,568 

64,947 

(24,374) 

110,141 

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

$ 

25,835  $ 

123,367

149,202

(128,426)

20,776  $ 

25,970 

92,256

118,226

(98,408)

19,818 

Deferred  revenue  is  comprised  of  progress  payments  that  have  not  yet  qualified  for  recognition  as  revenue  under  the  Company’s 
revenue  recognition  policies  and  also  deferred  revenue  from  the  sale  of  extended  warranty  contracts  which  are  amortized  over  the 
extended warranty period commencing at the end of the basic warranty period.

14.  PROVISIONS 

The Company's insurance risk retention provision is based on insurance risk which the Company has chosen not to mitigate with third 
party insurance.

The restructuring provision consists of employee termination benefits associated with the "NFI Forward" restructuring initiative that was 
announced on July 27, 2020 (note 29).

The Company generally provides its customers with a base warranty on the entire vehicle, a corrosion warranty on the related structure 
and a defect warranty on batteries. 

The  Company  provides  for  onerous  contracts  when  the  unavoidable  costs  of  meeting  the  contract  are  greater  than  the  economic 
benefits expected to be received under it.

The movements in the provisions are as follows:

32 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

14.  PROVISIONS (Continued)

December 27, 2020

Additions

Amounts used/realized

Unused provision

Unwinding of discount and effect of changes in the 
discount rate

Exchange rate differences

January 2, 2022

Additions

Amounts used/realized

Unused provision

Unwinding of discount and effect of changes in the 
discount rate

Exchange rate differences

Less current portion (note 9)

January 1, 2023

15.  DEFERRED TAXES AND INCOME TAX EXPENSE

Insurance Risk 
Retention

$ 

$ 

23,179   

7,785   

(4,745)   

(974)   

—   

(2)   

25,243   

6,720   

(5,690)   

(248)   

—   

4   

26,029   

1,022   

Restructuring 

Warranty

3,706  $ 

57,928  $ 

Onerous 
Contracts

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—  $ 

3,705   

Total

84,813 

55,736 

(55,415) 

(1,628) 

39 

104 

83,649 

41,864 

44,837   

(46,975)   

—   

39   

92   

55,920  $ 

24,439   

(21,133)   

(1,582)   

(30,890) 

—   

(351)   

(248) 

17   

(2,050)   

57,193   

17,900   

—   

14   

1,786   

1,786   

17 

(2,032) 

92,008 

20,708 

71,300 

3,114   

(3,695)   

(654)   

—   

14   

2,485  $ 

7,000   

(2,485)   

—   

—   

—   

7,000   

—   

$ 

25,007  $ 

7,000  $ 

39,293  $ 

—  $ 

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  when  there  is  a  legally  enforceable  right  to  offset  current  tax  assets  against 
current  tax  liabilities  and  when  the  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  relate  to  income  taxes  levied  by  the  same  taxation 
authority on either the taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. The 
offset amounts by tax jurisdiction presented on the statements of financial position are as follows:

As presented on statements of financial position:

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

Beginning of period

Exchange rate differences

Tax recorded through net loss

Tax recorded through other comprehensive loss

Tax recorded through equity

End of period

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

$ 

17,665  $ 

56,914   

39,249  $ 

— 

62,806 

62,806 

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

(62,806)  $ 

(598)   

27,612   

(5,794)   

2,337   

$ 

(39,249)  $ 

(76,689) 

1,217 

12,874 

(4,074) 

3,866 

(62,806) 

33 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

15.  DEFERRED TAXES AND INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Continued)

The  movement  in  deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  during  the  period,  without  taking  into  consideration  the  offsetting  of 
balances within the same tax jurisdiction, is as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

December 27, 2020

Tax recorded through net loss

Cumulative translation adjustment 

January 2, 2022

Tax recorded through net loss

Tax recorded through other comprehensive loss

Cumulative translation adjustment 

January 1, 2023

Property 
Plant and 
Equipment

Goodwill and 
Intangibles

Right of Use 
Assets

Other

Total

(20,381)   

(152,131)   

(26,150)   

(3,228)  $ 

(201,890) 

3,132   

—   

(497)   

(113)   

2,679   

(5,743)   

—   

—   

(429) 

(113) 

(17,249)   

(152,741)   

(23,471)   

(8,971)   

(202,432) 

8,148   

8,027   

(638)   

(7,923)   

79   

2,337 

7,614 

79 

2,337 

$ 

(9,101)  $ 

(142,377)  $ 

(24,109)  $ 

(16,815)  $ 

(192,402) 

Deferred tax assets

Reserves 
and accruals  
not 
currently 
deductible

Provisions

Right of Use 
Assets

Loss carry 
forward

Pension

Deferred   
Financing 
Costs and 
Interest

Other

Total

December 27, 2020

$ 

27,803  $ 

23,442  $ 

28,109  $ 

28,332  $ 

6,811  $ 

1,269  $ 

9,435  $ 

125,201 

Tax recorded through net 
loss

Tax recorded through 
other comprehensive loss

Tax recorded through 
equity

Exchange rate differences

(10,464)   

(5,079)   

(2,410)   

18,184   

1,148   

10,217   

1,707   

13,303 

—   

—   

—   

—   

(4,074)   

—   

—   

(4,074) 

—   

285   

—   

233   

—   

280   

—   

282   

—   

68   

3,586   

13   

393   

56   

3,979 

1,217 

January 2, 2022

$ 

17,624  $ 

18,596  $ 

25,979  $ 

46,798  $ 

3,953  $ 

15,085  $ 

11,591  $ 

139,626 

Tax recorded through net 
loss

Tax recorded through 
other comprehensive loss

Exchange rate differences

(5,504)   

3,112   

1,368   

8,191   

1,937   

12,606   

(1,712)  $ 

19,998 

—   

(75)   

—   

(79)   

—   

(110)   

—   

(5,873)   

(196)   

(17)   

—   

(66)   

—  $ 

(5,873) 

(55)  $ 

(598) 

January 1, 2023

$ 

12,045  $ 

21,629  $ 

27,237  $ 

54,793  $ 

—  $ 

27,625  $ 

9,824  $ 

153,153 

Deferred income tax assets are recognized to the extent it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available to allow a 
deferred  tax  asset  to  be  utilized.  At  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  has  recognized  all  of  its  deferred  income  tax  assets  with  the 
exception  of:  loss  carry  forwards  in  Canada  -  $11,131,  restricted  interest  in  the  UK  -  $9,663,  and  $8,681  of  U.S.  excess  foreign  tax 
credits that will likely not be applied against U.S. income tax otherwise payable.

34 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

15.  DEFERRED TAXES AND INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Continued)

At January 1, 2023 the Company has the following tax credit and loss pools expiring as follows:

United States

Canada

Other

Tax Credits

Tax Losses

Tax Losses

Tax Losses

—   

480 

2023-2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034-2037

2038

2039

2040

2041

2042

No expiry

1,003   

—   

5,373   

2,305   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

96 

96 

68 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

307 

11,099 

24,271 

20,972 

10,675 

49,341 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

39,570 

— 

145,546 

The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. statutory rate, to income tax expense is as follows:

Earnings before income tax expense

Tax calculated using a 21% U.S. tax rate 

Tax effect of:

Withholding and other taxes

Non-taxable income

Non-deductible impairment loss on goodwill

Derecognition of previously recognized assets

Revision of tax estimates

Foreign exchange impact

State taxes

Impact of rate change on deferred income taxes

Foreign tax credit pools and base erosion and anti-abuse tax

Rate differential on income taxed at other than U.S. statutory rate

Other

Income tax expense

Current income tax (recovery) expense

Deferred income tax recovery

Income tax expense for the period

35 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

(325,184)  $ 

(4,928) 

(68,289)

(1,035)

(539)

(1,473)

21,819

20,794

1,039

3,899

(8,276)

(1,854)

(17,750)

3,186

23

1,732

(2,523)

—

—

2,762

(1,266)

2,578

2,669

4,889

(17)

(233)

$ 

(47,421)  $ 

9,556 

$ 

(19,809)  $ 

22,430 

(27,612)

(12,874)

$ 

(47,421)  $ 

9,556 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

16.  LONG-TERM DEBT

Revolving Credit Facility, Secured (“Credit Facility”)

Revolving Credit Facility, Secured ("UK Facility")

Less current portion

Face Value Unamortized 
Transaction 
Costs

Net Book Value 
January 1, 2023

Net Book Value
January 2, 2022

882,000  

18,295  

900,295

18,295   

882,000

3,275 

394 

3,669

394 

3,275

878,725

17,901  

896,626

17,901  

878,725

586,649

(238) 

586,411

— 

586,411

The Credit Facility has a total borrowing limit of $1 billion, which includes a $100 million letter-of-credit facility. At January 1, 2023, 
the  Credit  Facility  included  a  $25  million  minimum  liquidity  requirement.    $22.5  million  of  outstanding  letters-of-credit  were  drawn 
against the Credit Facility at January 1, 2023. The Credit Facility bears interest at a rate equal to LIBOR or a U.S. base rate for loans 
denominated in U.S. dollars and a Canadian prime rate or bankers' acceptance rate for loans denominated in Canadian dollars, plus an 
applicable margin to those rates and matures on August 2, 2024.

The UK facility has a total borrowing limit of £40 million to support ADL's operations in the UK. Amounts drawn under the UK Facility 
bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus an applicable margin. The UK Facility matures on June 30, 2023. 

On December 29, 2022, the Company amended the Credit Facility and the UK Facility (together the "amended facilities"). The amended 
facilities provide the Company with certain covenant relief until June 30, 2023 as it recovers from the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, 
and the related global supply chain disruptions.

Subsequent to January 1, 2023, the Company entered into a new long-term debt agreement. (Note 30)

17.  CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

On December 2, 2021, the Company completed a public offering of C$300 million aggregate principal of convertible debentures (the 
"Debentures")  and  an  additional  C$38  million  aggregate  principal  of  Debentures  were  issued  on  December  14,  2021,  pursuant  to  the 
partial exercise of the over-allotment option, bearing interest at a rate of  5% per annum, payable semi-annually on January 15 and 
July 15 commencing on July 15, 2022. The Debentures will mature on January 15, 2027 (the "Maturity Date").

The  Debentures  may  be  converted  in  whole  or  in  part  from  time  to  time  at  the  holder’s  option  into  30.1659  Shares  for  each  C$1 
principal  amount  of  Debentures  (“Conversion  Price”),  representing  a  Conversion  Price  of  approximately  C$33.15  per  Share,  prior  to 
maturity and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. 

The  Company  has  the  option  to  settle  the  conversion  in  either  Shares  or  cash  (the  "Cash  Conversion  Option"),  this  Cash  Conversion 
Option  was  determined  to  be  a  financial  liability.    The  fair  value  of  the  Debentures  and  Cash  Conversion  Option  are  classified  as 
separate liabilities. The Debenture component will accrete to its final redemption amount of C$338 million less all conversions, at the 
Maturity Date at an effective interest rate over the five–year term of the Debentures.

Convertible Debt

Cash Conversion Option

18.  SHARE CAPITAL

Authorized - Unlimited

Face Value Unamortized 
Transaction 
Costs

Net Book Value 
January 1,
2023

Net Book Value
January 2, 2022

224,516  

8,004 

5,150  

— 

229,666  

8,004 

216,512

5,150  

221,662

225,768

20,618 

246,386

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

Issued - 77,155,016 Common Shares (January 2, 2022: 77,130,747)

$ 

988,218  $ 

987,943 

36 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

18. SHARE CAPITAL (Continued)

The following is a summary of changes to the issued and outstanding capital stock of Shares during the period:

Shares

Balance – January 2, 2022

Director RSUs exercised

Balance – January 1, 2023

19.  LOSS PER SHARE

Net loss attributable to equity holders

Weighted average number of Shares in issue

Weighted average number of Shares for diluted earnings per Share

Net loss per Share (basic)

Net loss per Share (diluted)

Number 
(000s)

77,131 $ 

24 

77,155 $ 

Net Book Value

987,943 

275

988,218 

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

(277,763)  $ 

(14,484) 

77,144,445

70,039,835

77,144,445

70,039,835

$ 

$ 

(3.6006)  $ 

(0.2068) 

(3.6006)  $ 

(0.2068) 

Basic loss per Share is calculated by dividing the net (loss) gain attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average 
number of Shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted (loss) earnings per Share is calculated using the same method as basic loss per Share except that the average number of Shares 
outstanding  includes  the  potential  dilutive  effect  of  outstanding  stock  options  and  Director  RSUs  granted  by  the  Company,  as 
determined by the treasury stock method.

20.  SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

        Changes in non-cash working capital items

Cash inflow (outflow)

Accounts receivable

Income tax receivable

Inventories

Prepaid expenses and deposits

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Income tax payable

Deferred revenue

Provisions
Other

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

26,964  $ 

22,555 

(1,463)   

(160,939)   

(9,655)   

8,239   

—   

35,788   

8,358   
(3,461)   

(5,517) 

86,480 

5,760 

(64,576) 

1,104 

3,164 

(1,164) 
(1,982) 

$ 

(96,169)  $ 

45,824 

21. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSION PLANS

Certain of the Company's subsidiaries  maintains a defined contribution plan for certain salaried employees. The net pension expense 
for the Company's defined contribution plans is as follows:

Defined contribution pension expense

Fiscal 2022

$ 

10,963  $ 

Fiscal 2021
10,270 

Cash  payments  contributed  by  the  Company  during  Fiscal  2022  for  its  defined  benefit  plans  and  defined  contribution  pension  plans 
amounted to $15.2 million (2021: $13.8 million).

37 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

(a)  Fair value measurement of financial instruments

The Company has made the following classifications:

Cash

Restricted deposit

Receivables

Deposits

Accounts payables and accrued liabilities

Convertible Debt

Other long-term liabilities

Long-term debt

Derivative financial instruments

Fair value through profit or loss

Fair value through profit or loss

Amortized cost

Amortized cost

Amortized cost

Amortized cost

Amortized cost

Amortized cost

Fair value through profit or loss

(b)  Fair value measurement of financial instruments

The  Company  categorizes  its  fair  value  measurements  of  financial  instruments  recorded  at  fair  value  according  to  a  three-level 
hierarchy.  The  hierarchy  prioritizes  the  inputs  used  by  the  Company’s  valuation  techniques.  A  level  is  assigned  to  each  fair  value 
measurement  based  on  the  lowest  level  input  significant  to  the  fair  value  measurement  in  its  entirety.  The  three  levels  of  the  fair 
value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - fair value measurements that reflect unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the 
Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 - fair value measurements using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 
liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for 
identical or similar assets and liabilities in inactive markets, inputs that are observable that are not prices (such as interest rates and 
credit risks) and inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - fair value measurements using significant non-market observable inputs. These include valuations for assets and liabilities that 
are derived using data, some or all of which is not market observable data, including assumptions about risk.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of financial liabilities and financial assets, including their levels in 
the  fair  value  hierarchy.    The  table  excludes  fair  value  information  for  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  not  measured  at  fair 
value if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

38 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Financial assets recorded at fair value

Cash

Long-term restricted deposit

Foreign exchange forward contracts

Derivative financial instrument assets - current

Interest Rate Swap

Derivative financial instrument asset - long term

Financial liabilities recorded at fair value

Equity Hedge

Derivative financial instrument liabilities - current

Cash Conversion Option

Equity Hedge

Derivative financial instrument liabilities - long term

Financial assets recorded at fair value

Cash

Long-term restricted deposit

Foreign exchange forward contracts

Derivative financial instrument assets - current

Financial liabilities recorded at fair value

Total return swap contracts

Derivative financial instrument liabilities - current

Interest rate swap

Cash Conversion Option

Derivative financial instrument liabilities - long term

(c)  Risk Management  

January 1, 2023

Fair value 
level

Carrying 
amount

Fair value

Level 1 $ 

Level 1 $ 

49,987  $ 

25,351  $ 

49,987 

25,351 

Level 2 $ 

$ 

1,720  $ 

1,720  $ 

1,720 

1,720 

Level 2 $ 

$ 

27,800  $ 

27,800  $ 

27,800 

27,800 

Level 2 $ 

$ 

Level 2

Level 2 $ 

2,837  $ 

2,837  $ 

5,150 $ 

917  $ 

6,067  $ 

2,837 

2,837 

5,150 

917 

6,067 

January 2, 2022

Fair value 
level

Carrying 
amount

Fair value

Level 1 $ 

Level 1 $ 

77,318  $ 

30,712  $ 

77,318 

30,712 

Level 2 $ 

$ 

442  $ 

442  $ 

442 

442 

Level 2 $ 
$ 

1,799  $ 
1,799  $ 

Level 2 $ 

Level 2 $ 

$ 

30,526  $ 

20,618  $ 

51,144  $ 

1,799 
1,799 

30,526 

20,618 

51,144 

The  Company  uses  derivative  financial  instruments  including  interest  rate  swaps,  total  return  swaps  and  forward  foreign  exchange 
contracts.  These instruments are financial contracts whose value depends on interest rates, share price and foreign currency prices.

The  use  of  derivatives  allows  the  transfer,  modification  and  reduction  of  current  and  expected  risks,  including  interest  rate,  share 
price, foreign exchange and other market risks. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate, share price 
and foreign exchange risks in accordance with its risk management policies. Certain derivative instruments, while providing effective 
economic  hedges,  are  not  designated  as  hedges  for  accounting  purposes.  Changes  in  the  fair  value  of  any  derivatives  that  are  not 
designated as hedges for accounting purposes are recognized within “interest and finance costs” or “unrealized foreign exchange loss 
(gain)  on  non-current  monetary  items”  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  consistent  with  the 
underlying nature and purpose of the derivative instruments.

39 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22.  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

Market risk (interest rate risk and foreign currency risk)

Market risk incorporates a range of risks. Movements in risk factors, such as interest rate risk, equity price risk and foreign currency 
risk, affect the fair values of financial assets and liabilities. The Company uses derivative financial instruments including interest rate 
swaps,  foreign  exchange  options  and  forwards  foreign  exchange  contracts  to  manage  its  risks  associated  with  potentially  adverse 
changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These instruments are financial contracts whose values depends on interest rates 
and  foreign  currency  prices.  The  use  of  derivatives  allows  the  transfer,  modification  and  reduction  of  current  and  expected  risks, 
including interest rate, foreign exchange and other market risks. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage interest 
rate and foreign exchange risks in accordance with its risk management policies. 

The Company does not hold financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

Interest rate risk

The Company's borrowing under the Credit Facility are at variable rates of interest and expose the Company to interest rate risk. The 
Company  attempts  to  mitigate  this  risk  through  interest  rate  swaps  that  could  become  materially  more  expensive  if  interest  rates 
increase  or  become  more  volatile.  If  the  cost  of  mitigating  interest  rate  increases,  the  Company's  debt  service  obligations  on  its 
variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and the Company's net earnings and 
cash available for servicing its other indebtedness would decrease. 

The  interest  rate  swap  is  subject  to  interest  rate  risk.  As  an  illustration,  if  the  interest  rates  as  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated 
statements  of  financial  position  date  had  been  100  basis  points  lower,  with  all  other  variables  held  constant,  net  loss  and 
comprehensive loss for Fiscal 2022 would have been higher by $6.1 million (Fiscal 2021: $11.8 million), arising mainly as a result of the 
related  fair  value  adjustment  recorded  due  to  lower  interest  rate.  If  interest  rates  had  been  100  basis  points  higher,  with  all  other 
variables  held  constant,  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  for  Fiscal  2022  would  have  been  lower  by  $6.1  million  (Fiscal  2021:  $11.8 
million), arising mainly as a result of the related fair value adjustment recorded due to higher interest rate. The fair value adjustments 
have a greater impact than the interest charged, as the Company is over hedged as it relates to the swap position.

On February 13, 2019, the Company blended the unrealized gain from the existing swap into a $600 million amortizing notional interest 
rate swap designed to hedge floating rate exposure on the Credit Facility.  The interest rate swap fixes the interest rate at 2.27% plus 
applicable margin until October 2023. The notional value of the swap as at January 1, 2023 was $540 million. 

On  July  9,  2020,  the  Company  entered  into  a  $200  million  amortizing  notional  interest  rate  swap  designed  to  hedge  floating  rate 
exposure on its Credit Facility. The interest rate swap fixes the interest rate at 0.243% plus applicable margin until July 2025. The swap 
begins amortizing on January 9, 2023 at a rate of $20 million per annum. 

Equity price risk

The Company entered into a total return swap transaction to hedge the exposure associated with increases in value of its Shares on a 
portion  of  the  outstanding  PSUs,  RSUs  and  DSUs.  The  total  return  swap  has  a  re-investment  feature  which  increases  the  number  of 
Shares in the swap when dividends are paid by the Company. As at January 1, 2023 the Company held a position of 259,812 Shares at a 
weighted average price of C$28.68. 

To mitigate the impact to the statement of net loss of a change in the Company’s share price, a derivative instrument was entered into 
for each of the years  2020, 2021, and 2022 RSU grants, which fixes the cost of the initial grant for the Company. Any changes in fair 
value will either be paid to the counterparty or be paid to the Company by the counterparty at the vesting date. This derivative fixes 
the  cost  to  the  Company  and  does  not  impact  the  variability  of  the  award  received  by  the  participant.  The  derivative  financial 
instrument hedges the exposure to variability in cash flow associated with the future settlement of restricted shares issued under the 
Restricted Share Plan that would impact profit or loss and therefore qualifies as a cash flow hedge. On a combined basis, the initial 
grant date fair value for the 2020, 2021, and 2022 programs was $4,148. The instruments are classified as a long-term financial liability 
of $3,754 (2021:$1,799) and are recorded as a separate line within other comprehensive income.

Hedging  gains  and  losses  are  reclassified  from  other  comprehensive  income  to  the  consolidated  statement  of  net  loss  to  the  extent 
effective.  Accordingly,  $287  was  reclassified  from  other  comprehensive  income  in  Fiscal  2022  (Fiscal  2021:  $nil).  No  hedge 
ineffectiveness was recorded during 2021 or 2020.

Foreign currency risk

The U.S. dollar is the Company's functional currency. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar, Canadian dollar and 
GBP will affect the Company's reported results. However, the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on the Company's reported 
results differ over time depending on whether the Company is generating a net cash inflow or outflow of Canadian dollars and GBP. 

40 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

This is largely dependent on the Company's revenue mix by currency as operating costs denominated in Canadian dollars and GBP have 
been historically relatively stable.

During Fiscal 2022, the Company generated a net outflow of Canadian dollars. As a matter of policy, the Company enters into foreign 
exchange forward contracts to protect the expected net Canadian dollar exposure from exchange fluctuation. The Company recorded a 
net realized foreign exchange gain of $5.2 million during Fiscal 2022 (Fiscal 2021: $15.6 million). This was comprised of a $4.1 million 
gain  on  settlement  of  foreign  exchange  contracts  and  a  $1.1  million  foreign  currency  gain  on  translation  of  Canadian  dollar 
denominated working capital and dividends. 

At  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  had  $50  million  of  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  to  buy  currencies  in  which  the  Company 
operates (U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, or GBP). These foreign exchange contracts range in expiry dates from April 2023 to July 2023. 
The  related  asset  of  $1.7  million  (January  2,  2022:  $0.4  million)  is  recorded  on  the  statements  of  financial  position  as  a  current 
derivative  financial  instruments  asset  and  the  corresponding  change  in  the  fair  value  of  the  foreign  exchange  forward  contracts  is 
recorded in the consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss. 

Currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign 
exchange rates. The Company is exposed to currency risk, primarily Canadian dollar balances. As an illustration, at January 1, 2023 if 
the Canadian dollar had weakened 10 percent against the U.S. dollar, with all variables held constant, net loss for Fiscal 2022 would 
have been lower by $13.9 million (Fiscal 2021: $18.3 million). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10 percent against 
the U.S. dollar, with all other variables held constant, net loss would have been higher by $17.0 million for Fiscal 2022 (Fiscal 2021: 
$22.3 million).

(d) Liquidity Management 

The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet 
liabilities  when  due.  At  January  1,  2023  the  Company  had  a  cash  balance  of  $50.0  million  (January  2,  2022:  $77.3  million),  $882.0 
million  drawn  under  the  Credit  Facility  due  in  2024  (January  2,  2022:  $586.6  million),  $18.3  million  drawn  under  the  UK  Facility 
(January 2, 2022: $nil), and $22.5 million of outstanding letters of credit (January 2,2022: $11.8 million). In addition, as at January 1, 
2023 there are $43.6 million of the letters of credit outstanding outside of the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility has a total borrowing 
limit of $1.0 billion, which includes a $100 million letter-of-credit facility. The UK Facility has a total borrowing limit of £40.0 million. 
The liquidity position as at January 1, 2023 is $173.5 million, without consideration given to the minimum liquidity requirement under 
the amended facilities of $25 million.

The  Company's  principal  sources  of  funds  are  cash  generated  from  its  operating  activities,  share  and  other  issuances  and  borrowing 
capacity remaining under the credit facilities. 

At January 1, 2023, as  a result of  ongoing supply chain disruptions, the Company expects to be unable to comply with  certain of  its 
financial covenants under the terms of its credit facilities beginning on July 1, 2023.

The  Company  believes  that  through  its  action  plan  (Note  2.1)  and  in  working  with  its  banking  partners,  it  can  obtain  the  long-term 
credit arrangements that provide appropriate capacity and covenants matched to the Company's anticipated financial performance and 
recovery.  The  Company  believes  that,  its  cash  position  and  capacity  under  its  existing  credit  facilities,  and  the  long-term  credit 
arrangements it expects to achieve together with anticipated future cash flows and access to capital markets, will be sufficient to fund 
operations, meet financial obligations as they come due, and provide the funds necessary for capital expenditures, and other needs for 
the foreseeable future.

41 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

The details of the covenants under the Amended Facilities are as follows:

Total Leverage 
Ratio

Interest 
Coverage Ratio

Total Net Debt 
to Capitalization

Minimum 
Cumulative 
Adjusted EBITDA

Minimum 
Liquidity

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2023 - March 31, 2023

April 1, 2023 - April 30, 2023

May 1, 2023 - May 31, 2023

June 1 - June 30, 2023

July 3, 2023 - October 1, 2023

October 2, 2023 - December 31, 2023

January 1, 2024 and thereafter

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

Waived

<4.50

<4.00

<3.75

Waived

Waived

Waived

$25,000

Waived

<0.62:1.00

>($28,000)

$25,000

Waived

<0.62:1.00

>($31,000)

$25,000

Waived

<0.62:1.00

>($35,000)

$25,000

Waived

<0.62:1.00

>($35,000)

$25,000

>2.00

>2.50

>3.00

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

$25,000

$25,000

$25,000

The  calculation  of  the  liquidity  position,  without  consideration  given  to  the  minimum  liquidity  requirements  under  the  Amended 
Facilities at January 1, 2023 is provided below. As at January 1, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the requirements under the 
Amended Facilities. 

US dollars in thousands
Liquidity Position (must be greater than $25 million[2021: must be greater than 
$50 million])

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

173,507 

$ 

794,332 

Compliance  with  financial  covenants  under  the  Amended  Facilities  is  reported  quarterly  to  the  Board.  Other  than  the  requirements 
imposed  by  letters  of  credit  collateral  (note  8)  and  borrowing  agreements,  the  Company  is  not  subject  to  any  externally  imposed 
capital requirements. Capital management objectives are reviewed on an annual basis or when strategic capital transactions arise. 

The following table outlines the maturity analysis of the undiscounted cash flows of certain non-financial liability and committed leases 
as at January 1, 2023:

US dollars in thousands

Leases

Accrued benefit liability

(e) Credit risk

Total

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Post 
2027

  208,795   

25,533   

20,558   

16,013   

13,875   

12,223    120,593 

3,700   

3,700   

—   

—   

—   

—   

— 

$ 212,495  $  29,233  $  20,558  $  16,013  $  13,875  $  12,223  $  120,593 

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk and concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, 
accounts  receivable  and  derivative  financial  instruments.  Management  has  assessed  that  the  credit  risk  associated  with  accounts 
receivable  is  mitigated  by  the  significant  proportion  for  which  the  counterparties  are  well-established  transit  authorities,  which  are 
government entities in North America.

Current, including holdbacks
Past due amounts but not impaired

1 – 60 days

Greater than 60 days

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts

Total accounts receivables, net

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

$ 

344,920  $ 

375,012 

15,931   

5,480   

(107)   

$ 

366,224  $ 

15,857 

5,892 

(270) 

396,491 

As at January 1, 2023, there was no amount that would otherwise be past due or impaired whose terms have been renegotiated.

42 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

22. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Continued)

(f) Capital management

The Company's objectives in managing capital are to deploy capital to provide an appropriate return to shareholders and to maintain a 
capital  structure  that  provides  the  flexibility  to  take  advantage  of  growth  and  development  opportunities,  maintain  existing  assets, 
meet financial obligations and enhance the value for the Shares. The capital structure of the Company consists of cash, long-term debt, 
other long-term liabilities and shareholders' equity. The Company manages capital to ensure an appropriate balance between debt and 
equity. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may raise additional capital from various sources, including 
capital markets.

23.  SEGMENT INFORMATION

The  Company  has  two  reportable  segments  which  are  the  Company’s  strategic  business  units:  Manufacturing  Operations  and 
Aftermarket Operations. The strategic business units offer different products and services, and are managed separately because they 
require  different  technology  and  marketing  strategies.  For  each  of  the  strategic  business  units,  the  Company’s  President  and  CEO 
reviews internal management reports on a monthly basis. 

The  Manufacturing  Operations  segment  derives  its  revenue  from  the  manufacture,  service  and  support  of  transit  buses,  coaches, 
medium-duty and cutaway buses. Based on management’s judgment and applying the aggregation criteria in IFRS 8.12, the Company’s 
bus/coach  manufacturing  operations  and  medium-duty/cutaway  manufacturing  operations  fall  under  a  single  reportable  segment. 
Aggregation  of  these  operating  segments  is  based  on  the  segments  having  similar  economic  characteristics  with  similar  long-term 
average returns, products and services, production methods, distribution and regulatory environment.

The Manufacturing Operations segment has recorded vendor rebates of $235 (2021: $266), which have been recognized into earnings 
during 2022, but for which the full requirements for entitlement to these rebates have not yet been met.

The  Aftermarket  Operations  segment  derives  its  revenue  from  the  sale  of  aftermarket  parts  for  transit  buses,  coaches  and  medium-
duty/cutaway buses, both for the Company's and third party products. 

There  is  no  inter-segment  revenue.  Unallocated  items  in  the  consolidated  earnings  before  income  taxes  primarily  include  unrealized 
foreign exchange gains or losses, interest and finance costs and corporate overhead costs. 

The  unallocated  total  assets  of  the  Company  primarily  include  cash,  certain  goodwill  and  intangible  assets,  and  derivative  financial 
instruments. Corporate assets that are shared by both operating segments are allocated fully to the Manufacturing Operations segment.

Segment information about profits and assets is as follows:

Revenue from external customers

Operating costs and expenses

Fiscal 2022

Manufacturing 
Operations

Aftermarket 
Operations

Unallocated

Total

$ 

1,568,761  $ 

485,172   

—  $ 

2,053,933 

1,925,707   

418,170   

35,240   

2,379,117 

(Loss) earnings before income tax expense

(356,946)   

67,002   

(35,240)   

(325,184) 

Total assets

Addition of capital expenditures

Addition of goodwill and intangibles assets

Impairment loss on goodwill

Indefinite-life intangible assets

Goodwill

1,801,272   

485,263   

302,735   

2,589,270 

21,169   

10,212   

(103,900)   

202   

—   

—   

248,175   

18,959   

221,942   

187,761   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

21,371 

10,212 

(103,900) 

267,134 

409,703 

43 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

23.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued) 

Revenue from external customers

Operating costs and expenses

Fiscal 2021

Manufacturing 
Operations

Aftermarket 
Operations

Unallocated

Total

$ 

1,869,766  $ 

474,028   

—  $ 

2,343,794 

1,915,870   

390,698   

42,154   

2,348,722 

(Loss) earnings before income tax expense

(46,104)   

83,330   

(42,154)   

(4,928) 

Total assets

Addition of capital expenditures

Addition of goodwill and intangibles assets

Indefinite-life intangible assets

Goodwill

1,812,254   

480,759   

306,607   

2,599,620 

32,116   

2,748   

1,398   

—   

248,175   

18,959   

336,870   

191,713   

—   

—   

—   

—   

33,514 

2,748 

267,134 

528,583 

The Company's revenue by geography is summarized below:

North America

UK and Europe

Asia Pacific

Other

Total

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

1,554,952  $ 

1,776,248 

440,843   

58,138   

—   

440,500 

127,046 

— 

$ 

2,053,933  $ 

2,343,794 

The Company's disaggregated manufacturing revenue by major product type is provided below.  The Aftermarket operations revenue 
does not have similarly disaggregated categories. 

Transit buses

Motor coaches

Medium-duty and cutaway buses

Pre-owned coach

Infrastructure solutions

Fiberglass reinforced polymer components

Manufacturing revenue

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

$ 

1,212,508  $ 

1,429,462 

296,226   

361,579 

31,778   

12,773   

8,498   

6,978   

35,357 

20,713 

17,598 

5,057 

$ 

1,568,761  $ 

1,869,766 

44 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

24.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Compensation of key management

Key management includes members of the Board of Directors, President and CEO, the CFO, presidents of each business unit, executive 
vice presidents and vice presidents. The compensation expense for key management for employee services is shown below:

Salaries and short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Share-based payment benefits

Fiscal 2022

$ 

$ 

10,412  $ 
554
492
11,458  $ 

Fiscal 2021
11,775 
619
2,144
14,538 

Share-based payment benefits shown above represent the PSU, RSU, Director RSU, DSU and stock option expense that was recorded in 
the period. 

25.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

(a) 

In the normal course of business, the Company receives notice of potential legal proceedings or is named as a defendant in legal 
proceedings,  including  those  that  may  be  related  to  negligence,  product  liability,  wrongful  dismissal,  contractual  disputes  or 
personal injury. Many claims are covered by the Company's insurance policies and management does not expect any of the current 
claims to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

(b)  Through  the  normal  course  of  operations,  the  Company  has  indemnified  the  surety  companies  providing  surety  bonds  required 
under various contracts with customers. In the event that the Company fails to perform under a contract and the surety companies 
incur a cost on a surety bond, the Company is obligated to repay the costs incurred in relation to the claim up to the value of the 
bond. 

The  Company's  guarantee  under  each  bond  issued  by  the  surety  companies  expires  on  completion  of  obligations  under  the 
customer contract to which the bond relates. The estimated maturity dates of the surety bonds outstanding at January 1, 2023 
range from February 2023 to December 2039.

At January 1, 2023, outstanding surety bonds guaranteed by the Company totaled $375.6 million (January 2, 2022: $375.9 million). 
The Company has not recorded any liability under these guarantees, as management believes that no material events of default 
exist under any contracts with customers.

 (c)  The Company has a letter of credit sub-facility of $100.0 million as part of the Credit Facility (January 2, 2022: $100.0 million). As 
at  January  1,  2023,  letters  of  credit  totaling  $24.5  million  (January  2,  2022:  $11.8  million)  remain  outstanding  as  security  for 
contractual obligations of the Company under the Credit Facility.

As at January 1, 2023, letters of credit in the UK totaling $18.3 million were outstanding as security obligations of the Company 
outside of the UK facility (January 2, 2022: $40.6 million).  Additionally, there are $25.3 million (January 2, 2022: $25.3 million) of 
letters of credit outstanding outside of the Credit Facility.

As  at  January  1,  2023,  management  believes  that  the  Company  was  in  compliance  in  all  material  respects  with  all  applicable 
contractual obligations and the Company has not provided for any costs associated with these letters of credit.

(d)  Through  the  normal  course  of  operations,  the  Company  has  guaranteed  payments  and  residual  values  to  third  party  lenders  on 
behalf of customers.  As at January 1, 2023, the Company had guaranteed $2.8 million of these arrangement.  The Company has 
not provided for any of these costs, as it does not believe they will have to pay out on any of these arrangements.

26.  GUARANTEES

The  Company  indemnifies  its  directors  and  officers  against  claims  and  damages  that  may  be  incurred  in  the  performance  of  their 
services to the Company.  Liability insurance has been purchased with respect to the Company’s directors and officers.

45 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

27.  SUPPLEMENTARY EXPENSE INFORMATION

Employee salary and benefit expenses
Depreciation of plant and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets

$ 

Fiscal 2022

404,511  $ 
57,013
31,482

Fiscal 2021
412,616 
64.368
32.786

The expenses listed above are included in cost of sales and sales, general and administration costs and other operating expenses.

28.  GOVERNMENT GRANTS

On March 27, 2020, the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") program was introduced by the Government of Canada, reimbursing 
eligible  employers  who  have  experienced  the  required  reduction  in  revenue  for  a  portion  of  wages  paid  to  employees  during  the 
COVID-19 pandemic. As of October 2021, the Company was no longer eligible for the CEWS program.

On March 26, 2020, the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme ("CJRS") program was introduced by the Government of the United Kingdom, 
reimbursing employers who have been unable to maintain their workforce as a result of COVID-19's impact on operations for a portion 
of wages paid to furloughed employees. The CJRS program ended on September 30, 2021.

In accordance with IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, the CEWS and CJRS has been 
recognized  as  an  offset  to  wage  expense  against  'Cost  of  Sales'  and  against  'Selling,  General  and  Administration  Costs  and  Other 
Operating Expenses' on the Company's consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

On  September  27,  2020,  the  Canada  Emergency  Rent  Subsidy  ("CERS")  program  was  introduced  by  the  Government  of  Canada, 
reimbursing  eligible  employers  who  have  experienced  the  required  reduction  in  revenue  for  a  portion  of  their  commercial  rent  or 
property expenses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The CERS program ended on October 23, 2021.

In accordance with IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, the CERS has been recognized 
as  an  offset  to  rent  and  property  expense  against  'Selling,  General  and  Administration  Costs  and  Other  Operating  Expenses'  on  the 
Company's consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss.

The  claims  submitted  or  expected  to  be  submitted  under  the  CEWS,  CJRS  and  CERS  programs  are  included  on  the  Company's 
consolidated statements of net loss and comprehensive loss as follows:

46 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

28.  GOVERNMENT GRANTS (Continued)

Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS)
Cost of sales 

Selling, general and administration costs and other operating expenses

Total

Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS)
Cost of sales

Selling, general and administration costs and other operating expenses

Total

Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS)

Selling, general and administration costs and other operating expenses
Total

Total government grants - cost of sales

Total government grants - selling, general and administration costs and other operating expenses

Total government grants

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   
—   

—   

—   

—   

43,116 

6,716 

49,832 

5,266 

107 

5,373 

1,236 
1,236 

48,382 

8,059 

56,441 

The government grants included in 'Accounts Receivable' on the Company's consolidated statement of financial position are as follows:

Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS)

Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy (CERS)

Total

29.  RESTRUCTURING

January 1, 2023

January 2, 2022

—   

— 

—   

1,183 

53

1,236 

On  July  27,  2020,  the  Company  announced  "NFI  Forward",  a  transformational  restructuring  initiative  to  generate  cost  savings.  These 
cost reduction initiatives are expected to come from a reduced number of business units, facility rationalization, reduced overhead and 
a more efficient and integrated company. 

With  the  majority  of  the  original  projects  completed,  the  Company  is  now  implementing  a  series  of  additional  projects  called  "NFI 
Forward 2.0", that are expected to generate additional savings in 2023 and beyond. Within NFI Forward 2.0, the Company completed a 
detailed  review  of  its  remaining  North  American  footprint  with  a  view  to  match  production  capacity  and  facility  investments  to 
customer demand, local labor availability and zero-emission fleet investment plans. The items included in net loss for NFI Forward and 
NFI Forward 2.0 are as follows:

Fiscal 2022

Fiscal 2021

Employee termination benefits

$ 

1,116  $ 

Right-of-use asset and property, plant and equipment impairments

Write-down of inventory to net realizable value

Pension liability

Other

Total restructuring costs

47 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT

6,213   

1,574   

7,000   

3,139   

4,284 

1,169 

4,725 

681 

1,294 

$ 

19,042  $ 

12,153 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NFI GROUP INC. 
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
As at January 1, 2023
(in thousands of U.S. dollars except per share figures)

30.  SUBSEQUENT EVENT

Subsequent to year end, on January 20, 2023, the Company finalized agreements with the Government of Manitoba for a C$50 million 
debt  facility,  for  general  corporate  purposes,  and  with  Export  Development  Canada  ("EDC")  for  two  credit  facilities  of  up  to  $150 
million, to support supply chain financing for $50 million and surety and performance bonding requirements for new contracts for up to 
$100 million.

The Government of Manitoba Facility and EDC supply chain financing facility both have one-year terms with options to extend for up to 
an additional 24 months, subject to approval by the lender and the Company.  The EDC bonding support facility has a one-year term for 
each new contract, subject to annual renewals. Interest payments under these facilities are based on base rate plus applicable margin.

The  Company  has  determined  that  this  event  is  a  non-adjusting  subsequent  event.  Accordingly,  the  financial  position  and  results  of 
operations as of, and for the 52-weeks ended January 1, 2023 have not been adjusted to reflect these agreements. 

48 

NFI GROUP INC 2022 ANNUAL REPORT