2023 ANNUAL
REPORT
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
)
s
n
o
i
l
l
i
B
n
i
$
(
)
s
n
o
i
l
l
i
B
n
i
$
(
$0.52
$0.86
12.58%
61.11%
Cash Dividend
Per Share
Diluted Earnings
Per Share
Community Bank
Leverage Ratio
Efficiency Ratio
)
s
n
o
i
l
l
i
B
n
i
$
(
)
s
n
o
i
l
l
i
M
n
i
$
(
DEAR FELLOW
STOCKHOLDER,
It has been a year of challenges and opportunities, and I am
proud to report that in spite of market headwinds and economic
uncertainty, Northfield Bancorp demonstrated resilience,
adaptability, and a commitment to delivering long-term value to
our stockholders.
The foundation of solid financial performance for
any financial institution is strong asset quality and
prudent capital management. Your company’s non-
performing assets to total assets remained low at
0.20% and Northfield Bank’s community bank leverage
ratio was strong at over 12.8%, at the end of 2023.
Your company reported net income of $37.7 million
and diluted earnings per share of $0.86 for 2023, with
increases in total deposits of over $18 million, and
Commercial & Industrial Loans and Home Equity Loans
of over $16 million.
We remain focused on executing our strategic
initiatives to drive long-term sustainable growth. We
continue to enhance our product line to strengthen
customer relationships, invest in technology and
innovation to enhance our digital capabilities, improve
operational efficiency, and deliver a superior customer
experience.
During the first quarter of 2023, we began offering
Northfield Bank branded credit cards for consumers
and businesses through a third-party partnership.
High value, low-cost credit card products provide
our customers multiple options from a bank they
know and trust. We also recently established a new
Residential Mortgage Origination Team and expect to
begin offering residential mortgages later in 2024.
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, we
recognize the importance of providing a seamless and
superior digital experience to our customers. We are
currently embarking on a large-scale enhancement
to our online and mobile services that will result in an
intuitive and user-centric design, creating a consistent
and exceptional experience across all devices, while
also providing data to drive an intelligent targeting
and messaging platform allowing us to deliver
segmented marketing messages to customers with the
content most valuable to them.
I am proud to report that our 39th branch opened in
December in Elizabeth, New Jersey. This modern
branch, centrally located at the new Vintage City
building caters to the entire community, including
professionals that live in the building, and businesses
that are established in its versatile and flexible
working space. The building is home to a number
of organizations, including the Greater Elizabeth
Chamber of Commerce, and is connected to a luxury
apartment building, conveniently located across the
street from a train station with direct access to New
York City and Washington, D.C.
Financial literacy is a fundamental component of
individual empowerment, economic prosperity, and
social inclusion. We are committed to and invested in
1 | 2023 Annual Report
financial literacy initiatives at all levels – schools, community
groups, and economic development agencies. Our team
members volunteer their time to teach individuals the
importance of saving, managing money, and making smart
credit decisions to support financial well-being. Through
partnerships with, and financial support of, organizations such
as the Staten Island Economic Development Corporation,
Junior Achievement of New Jersey, and the Union County
Economic Development Corporation, we are able to reach a
wide and diverse audience to help improve financial literacy
throughout our marketplace.
Along with the importance of financial literacy, cybersecurity
awareness and vigilance are essential in today’s world to
protect personal privacy, prevent cybercrime, and safeguard
business operations. We take the security of our customers
personal information seriously and have developed a
comprehensive cybersecurity program that includes extensive
education and training resources. We also offer cybersecurity
and fraud prevention classes for members of business
organizations and senior citizen groups.
Together with the Northfield Bank Foundation we actively
engage with and invest in the community to help improve
the quality of life for individuals and families. I am proud to
announce that the Foundation’s Annual Charity Golf Classic
surpassed over $1 million in proceeds since it’s inception to
support hospital emergency rooms and food pantries in our
market area.
We are committed to doing our part to preserve the
environment. From holding free community shred days,
minimizing the use of disposable cutlery and plates in
our office locations, to providing education internally and
through our social media channels, Northfield recognizes the
importance of environmental sustainability in creating healthy
and resilient communities.
Our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is scheduled for May
22, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. To maximize efficiency
and participation, the meeting will only be held VIRTUALLY and
stockholders may participate in the meeting via the live audio
webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/NFBK2024.
Please see our 2024 Proxy Statement or visit
www.eNorthfield.com for further information.
Looking ahead, we remain optimistic about the economy in
our marketplace and the long-term opportunities it presents.
While uncertainties persist, we are confident in our ability to
navigate challenges and capitalize on emerging trends. We
will continue to focus on executing our strategic priorities,
maintaining strong risk management practices, and delivering
long-term value for our stockholders.
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to our
stockholders for their continued trust and support. I would
also like to extend my gratitude to our employees for their
hard work and dedication. Together, we will continue to build
a bright future.
Steven M. Klein
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
2023 Annual Report | 2
INVESTING IN
OUR COMMUNITIES
BY THE
NUMBERS
Diverse Team
Northfield maintains a diverse team across
all levels of the Company.
2023 Charitable Giving
In 2023 Northfield Bank supported non-profit
organizations in New York and New Jersey by
donating more than
are women
67% of employees
40% of senior leadership
42% of employees are from
underrepresented
groups
are women
Community Reinvestment
Act (CRA) Rating
Northfield received a Satisfactory Rating on
our most recent CRA Exam.
Lending: High Satisfactory
Investment: High Satisfactory
Service: High Satisfactory
Director Independence
10
11of
our
Directors
are independent under NASDAQ rules
3 | 2023 Annual Report
$614,000
300
to over
organizations
Foundation
Since 2007, the Northfield Bank Foundation has
provided grants supporting education, health
and human services, youth programs, and
affordable housing totaling over
$10
Million
ESG Awareness
Northfield promoted Environmental, Social and
Governance (ESG) awareness and education
through
107
social media
posts in 2023
Employee Volunteerism
Bank employees and directors reported
CRA-eligible volunteer activities with a
focus on providing financial literacy, fraud
prevention, and cybersecurity education
to low and moderate income residents,
seniors, students, and small business
owners totaling approximately
1,680
hours
Affordable Housing Units
88%
of the housing units
financed by Multifam-
ily Loans in 2023 had
rents affordable to low
and moderate income
individuals.
Community
Shred Days
Northfield is committed to recycling
efforts to preserve our environment
and has hosted Free Shred Days
open to all members of our
communities for
12
Years
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Annette Catino
Healthcare
Executive and
Consultant
Gil Chapman
Retired Auto
Executive
John P. Connors, Jr.
Managing Partner,
Connors &
Connors, P.C.
Timothy C. Harrison
Principal,
TCH Realty &
Development
Co., LLC
Karen J. Kessler
President,
Kessler PR Group
Steven M. Klein
Chairman,
President & CEO,
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Rachana A. Kulkarni
President and
Managing Partner of
Medicor Cardiology
and Regional Director
of Cardiology of
Barnabas Health Corp.
Gualberto (Gil)
Medina
Executive Vice
President,
CBRE Group, Inc.
Frank P. Patafio
Senior Executive VP,
National
Investments,
RXR Realty
Patrick L. Ryan, Esq.
Former Chairman,
Hopewell Valley
Community Bank
Paul V. Stahlin
Former Banking
Executive
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
Steven M. Klein
Chairman,
President and
Chief Executive Officer
David V. Fasanella
Executive Vice
President,
Chief Lending
Officer
William R. Jacobs
Executive Vice
President,
Chief Financial Officer
Robin Lefkowitz
Executive Vice
President, Chief
Branch
Administration, Deposit
Operations, and
Business
Development Officer
Vickie Tomasello
Executive Vice
President,
Chief
Risk Officer
2023 Annual Report | 4
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒
☐
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023
OR
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to _________________
Commission File No. 001-35791
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
581 Main Street, Woodbridge, New Jersey
(Address of principal executive offices)
80-0882592
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
07095
(Zip Code)
(732) 499-7200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol
NFBK
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a
smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”
“smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Emerging growth company
☐
☐
☐
Accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
☒
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition
period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.
7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial
statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of
incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period
pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant,
computed by reference to price at which the common equity was last sold on June 30, 2023 was $454.7 million.
As of February 26, 2024, there were 44,464,644 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders to be
held May 22, 2024, will be incorporated by reference in Part III. The registrant's 2024 Definitive Proxy Statement will be filed
within 120 days of December 31, 2023.
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 1C.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
Item 9C.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
Part I.
Page
Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cybersecurity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part II.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[Reserved] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . .
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . . . . . . . . .
Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part III.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Principal Accountant Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part IV.
1
31
43
44
45
45
45
46
47
48
68
68
128
128
128
128
129
129
129
129
129
Item 15.
Item 16.
Signatures
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Form 10-K Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
132
133
[This page intentionally left blank]
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Forward-Looking Statements
PART I
This Annual Report contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of such words
as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and
words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•
•
•
•
statements of our goals, intentions, and expectations;
statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently
subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, and contingencies, many of which are beyond our
control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and
decisions that are subject to change.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other
expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
general economic conditions, internationally, nationally, or in our market areas, including inflationary and/or
recessionary pressures, supply chain disruptions, employment prospects, real estate values, military conflict,
geopolitical risks, and downgrades of the U.S. credit rating;
competition among depository and other financial institutions, including with respect to fees and interest rates;
inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields or reduce the market value of
our assets including the fair value of financial instruments;
adverse changes in the securities or credit markets;
changes in laws, tax policies, or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, changes in
regulatory fees, assessments and capital requirements;
changes in the quality and/or composition of our loan and securities portfolios and changes in our allowance for credit
losses;
our ability to manage our liquidity including unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, but not limited to, changes
in our access to or the cost of funding and our ability to secure alternate funding sources;
our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities;
changes in consumer demand, spending, borrowing and savings habits;
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board;
cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our website or other
systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;
technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive to implement than expected;
changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans;
our ability to attract and/or retain key employees;
changes in the value of our goodwill or other intangible assets;
changes in the level of government support for housing finance;
changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal
Reserve Board (the “FRB”);
the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
the impact of any failure by the U.S. Government to increase the debt ceiling or any government shutdown;
the effects of natural disasters, climate change, extreme weather events and increases in flood insurance premiums;
changes in our ability to continue to pay dividends, either at current rates or at all;
operational or risk management failures by us or critical third parties;
increased operational risks resulting from remote work;
negative outcomes from claims or litigation;
our ability to manage our reputation risks;
our ability to timely and effectively implement our strategic initiatives;
1
•
•
•
the disruption to local, regional, national and global economic activity caused by infectious disease outbreaks such as
COVID-19, and the significant impact that such pandemics may have on our growth, operations, earnings and asset
quality;
significant increases in our credit losses; and
changes in the financial condition, results of operations, or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.
Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated
by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Except as required
by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Form
10-K, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), was organized in 2010 and is the holding company
for Northfield Bank. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. uses the support staff and offices of Northfield Bank (the “Bank”) and reimburses
Northfield Bank for these services. If Northfield Bancorp, Inc. expands or changes its business in the future, it may hire its own
employees. In the future, we may pursue other business activities, including mergers and acquisitions, investment alternatives
and diversification of operations.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s main office is located at 581 Main Street, Suite 810, Woodbridge, New Jersey 07095, and
its telephone number at this address is (732) 499-7200. The Company's filings with the SEC, including copies of annual reports
on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these filings, if any, are
available, free of charge, as soon as practicable after they are filed with the SEC under the Investor Relations section of the
Company's website, www.eNorthfield.com and on the SEC website, www.sec.gov. Information on these websites is not and
should not be considered to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Northfield Bank
Northfield Bank was organized in 1887 and is a federally chartered savings bank. Northfield Bank conducts business
from its operations center located in Woodbridge, New Jersey, its home main office located at a branch in Staten Island, New
York, and its 38 additional branch offices located in New York and New Jersey. The branch offices are located in Staten Island,
Brooklyn, and the New Jersey counties of Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union. Northfield Bank also offers select loan
and deposit products through the internet.
Northfield Bank’s principal business consists of originating multifamily and commercial real estate loans, construction
and land loans, commercial and industrial loans, and home equity loans and lines of credit. From time to time Northfield Bank
will also purchase loan participations and pools of loans. Northfield Bank also purchases investment securities, including
mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds, and, to a lesser extent, deposit funds in other financial institutions, including
the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of New York (“FHLBNY”). Northfield
Bank offers a variety of deposit accounts, including certificates of deposit, passbook, statement, and money market savings
accounts, transaction deposit accounts which are Northfield Bank’s primary source of funds for its lending and investing
activities. Northfield Bank also borrows funds, principally through FHLBNY advances and repurchase agreements with
brokers. Northfield Bank owns 100% of NSB Services Corp., which, in turn, owns 100% of the voting common stock of a real
estate investment trust, NSB Realty Trust, which holds primarily mortgage loans.
Northfield Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency (the “OCC”).
Northfield Bank’s main office is located at 1731 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314, and its telephone
number at this address is (718) 448-1000. Its website address is www.eNorthfield.com. Information on this website is not and
should not be considered to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2
Market Area and Competition
Northfield Bank has been in business since 1887, offering a variety of financial products and services to meet the
needs of the communities we serve. Our commercial and retail banking network consists of multiple delivery channels
including full-service banking offices, automated teller machines and telephone and internet banking capabilities, mobile
banking and remote deposit capture. In addition, Northfield Bank offers ACH and wire transfers, cash management, positive
pay, and remote deposit capture services for our commercial customers. We consider our competitive products and pricing,
branch network, customer service, and financial position, as our major strengths in attracting and retaining customers in our
market areas.
We face intense competition in our market areas both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our market areas have a
high concentration of financial institutions, including large money center and regional banks, non-traditional banks, community
banks, and credit unions. We face additional competition for deposits from money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds,
and insurance companies. Some of our competitors offer products and services that we do not offer, such as trust services and
private banking. In addition, competition has further intensified as a result of advances in technology and product delivery
systems, and we face strong competition from financial technology (“Fintech”) companies that provide web-based solutions in
lieu of traditional retail banking services and products. Fintech companies tend to have stronger operating efficiencies and less
regulatory burdens than traditional banks.
Our deposit sources are primarily concentrated in the communities surrounding our branch offices in the New York
counties of Richmond (Staten Island) and Kings (Brooklyn), and Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex and Union counties in New
Jersey. As of June 30, 2023 (the latest date for which information is publicly available), we ranked sixth in deposit market share
out of 15 institutions for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) insured institutions in Staten Island with a
10.74% market share. As of that date, we ranked 17th in deposit market share out of 38 institutions with a 0.56% deposit market
share in Brooklyn, New York, and we ranked 12th in deposit market share out of 53 financial institutions with a deposit market
share of 1.44% in Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex and Union counties in New Jersey.
The following table sets forth the unemployment rates for the communities we serve and the national average for the
last five years, as published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics:
Hunterdon County, NJ
Middlesex County, NJ
Mercer County, NJ
Union County, NJ
Richmond County, NY
Kings County, NY
National Average
Unemployment Rate at December 31,
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
3.5 %
2.3 %
3.5 %
5.5 %
2.7 %
4.1
3.7
4.7
4.6
5.4
3.7
2.7
2.5
3.3
5.0
5.5
3.5
4.3
3.8
5.3
7.1
8.1
3.9
6.6
6.0
7.8
9.4
11.3
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.7
3.0
3.2
3.5
The following table sets forth median household income at December 31, 2023 and 2022, for the communities we
serve and the national average, as published by the U.S. Census Bureau:
Hunterdon County, NJ
Middlesex County, NJ
Mercer County, NJ
Union County, NJ
Richmond County, NY
Kings County, NY
National Average
Median Household Income
at December 31,
2023
2022
$
125,099 $
103,610
91,384
89,136
99,447
73,542
73,503
122,175
102,237
86,549
87,476
97,503
74,952
72,465
3
Lending Activities
Our principal lending activity is the origination of multifamily real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, other
commercial real estate loans (typically on office, retail, and industrial properties), in New York, New Jersey, and eastern
Pennsylvania. We also originate one-to-four family residential real estate loans (non-owner occupied investment properties),
construction and land loans, commercial and industrial loans, and home equity loans and lines of credit.
Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales, Participations, and Servicing. All loans we originate are underwritten
pursuant to our policies and procedures or are approved as exceptions to our policies and procedures. Our ability to originate
fixed- or adjustable-rate loans is dependent on the relative demand for such loans, which is affected by various factors including
current and anticipated future market interest rates. Our home equity loans and lines of credit typically are generated through
digital and social media advertising, referrals from branch personnel, direct mail advertisements and online applications through
our website. A significant portion of our multifamily real estate loans and other commercial real estate loans are generated with
the use of third-party loan brokers. Our commercial and industrial loans typically are generated through our loan and business
development officers and referrals from accountants and other professional contacts. We typically retain in our portfolio all
loans we originate and generally only sell non-performing loans. Beginning in 2019, we began offering interest rate swap
contracts to qualified commercial borrowers.
From time-to-time, we may sell or purchase participation interests in individual loans (in addition to loans we acquire
in assisted transactions, mergers or acquisitions, and pool purchases). We underwrite our participation interest in the loans that
we purchase according to our underwriting criteria and procedures. At December 31, 2023, we had $52.6 million of loan
participations that we purchased (where we are not the primary lender). Additionally, there were $104.9 million of loan
participations that we sold (where we are the primary lender). All loan participations are secured by real estate and adhere to
our loan policies. At December 31, 2023, all participation loans were performing in accordance with their terms.
Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. Our lending activities follow written, non-discriminatory, underwriting
standards approved by our Board of Directors. The loan approval process is intended to assess the borrower’s ability to repay
the loan and the value of the collateral that will secure the loan, if any. To assess the borrower’s ability to repay, we review the
borrower’s income and credit history, and information on the historical and projected income and expenses of the borrower.
In underwriting a loan secured by real property, we require an appraisal of the property by an independent licensed or
certified appraiser approved by our Board of Directors. For commercial real estate loans $500,000 or less, we generally obtain
an evaluation from an independent firm. The appraisals and evaluations of multifamily and other commercial real estate
properties are also reviewed by an independent appraisal management firm. We, along with the assistance of a third-party
inspector, review and inspect properties before disbursement of funds during the term of a construction loan. Generally,
management obtains updated appraisals when a loan is deemed impaired. These appraisals may be more limited than those
prepared for the underwriting of a new loan. In addition, when we acquire other real estate owned, we generally obtain a current
appraisal to substantiate the net carrying value of the asset.
The Board of Directors maintains a Loan Committee consisting of bank directors to: periodically review and
recommend for approval our policies related to lending as prepared by management; approve or reject loan applicants meeting
certain criteria; and monitor loan quality including concentrations and certain other aspects of our lending functions, as
applicable. Certain Northfield Bank officers, at levels beginning with vice president, have individual lending authority that is
approved by the Board of Directors.
4
Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, by type of loan, at
the dates indicated.
2023
At December 31,
2022
2021
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
Amount
Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
$
2,750,996
65.44 % $
2,824,579
66.56 % $
2,518,065
929,595
160,824
163,520
30,967
155,268
2,585
4,193,755
9,899
22.11
3.83
3.89
0.74
3.69
0.06
99.76
0.24
899,249
173,946
152,555
24,932
154,700
2,230
4,232,191
11,502
21.19
4.10
3.59
0.59
3.65
0.05
99.73
0.27
808,597
183,665
109,956
27,495
141,005
2,015
3,790,798
15,819
66.16 %
21.24
4.82
2.89
0.72
3.70
0.05
99.58
0.42
$
4,203,654
100.00 % $
4,243,693
100.00 % $
3,806,617
100.00 %
Total loans:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Construction and land
Commercial and industrial loans(1)
Other loans
Total loans originated
Purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) loans
Total loans
Other items:
Allowance for credit losses
(37,535)
(42,617)
(38,973)
Net loans held-for-investment
$
4,166,119
$
4,201,076
$
3,767,644
(1) Includes Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans totaling $284,000, $5.1 million, and $40.5 million at December 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
5
Loan Portfolio Maturities. The following tables summarize the scheduled repayments of our loan portfolio and
weighted average contractual rate by loan type at December 31, 2023. Demand loans (loans having no stated repayment
schedule or maturity) and overdraft loans are reported as being due in the year ending December 31, 2024. Maturities are based
on the final contractual payment date and do not reflect the effect of prepayments, repricing and scheduled principal
amortization.
Loans Held-For-Investment
Multifamily
Commercial Real Estate
One-to-Four Family
Residential
Home Equity and Lines
of Credit
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Due
One year or less
$
75
4.93 % $ 13,274
6.86 % $
304
8.44 % $
569
After one year through five years
40,041
5.53 %
69,710
6.15 %
3,079
6.08 %
7,184
After five years through fifteen
years
After fifteen years
Total
107,885
2,602,995
$ 2,750,996
4.53 % 166,729
3.72 % 679,882
3.78 % $ 929,595
31,809
5.49 %
4.49 %
125,632
4.83 % $ 160,824
5.22 %
48,107
4.99 % 107,660
5.06 % $ 163,520
8.49 %
4.70 %
4.71 %
6.91 %
6.17 %
Construction and Land
Commercial and
Industrial
Other
PCD
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount (1)
Weighted
Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted
Average
Rate (2)
Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Due
One year or less
$
19,280
9.04 % $ 71,126
9.38 % $
2,525
0.28 % $
1,841
19.85 %
After one year through five years
5,266
7.90 %
44,980
8.74 %
60
5.15 %
1,808
13.30 %
After five years through fifteen
years
After fifteen years
Total
3,530
2,891
30,967
$
32,930
3.79 %
6,232
4.44 %
7.82 % $ 155,268
5.72 %
4.68 %
8.23 % $
—
—
2,585
— %
— %
0.39 % $
6,025
225
9,899
15.66 %
4.76 %
15.76 %
(1) Other loans of $2.5 million due within one year includes $2.2 million of negative escrow and $254,000 of overdraft adjustments.
(2) Represents estimated accretable yield.
Due
One year or less
After one year through five years
After five years through fifteen years
After fifteen years
Total
Total Loans
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
$
$
108,994
172,128
397,015
3,525,517
4,203,654
8.97 %
6.75 %
5.27 %
4.01 %
4.37 %
6
The following table summarizes fixed and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2023, that are contractually due after
December 31, 2024:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Construction and land
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial loans
Other loans
PCD loans
Total loans
Due After December 31, 2024
Fixed Rate
Adjustable Rate
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
72,461 $
41,626
72,378
1,146
91,197
45,343
60
3,182
327,393 $
2,678,460 $
874,695
88,142
10,541
71,754
38,799
—
4,876
3,767,267 $
2,750,921
916,321
160,520
11,687
162,951
84,142
60
8,058
4,094,660
At December 31, 2023, the Company had $3.53 billion in loans due to mature in 2039 and beyond, of which $95.7
million, or 2.71%, are fixed-rate loans.
Multifamily Real Estate Loans. Loans secured by multifamily properties totaled approximately $2.75 billion, or
65.4% of our total loan portfolio, at December 31, 2023. We include in this category properties having more than four
residential units and a business or businesses where the majority of space is utilized for residential purposes, which we refer to
as mixed-use. At December 31, 2023, we had 1,186 multifamily real estate loans, with an average loan balance of
approximately $2.3 million, although there are a large number of loans with balances substantially greater than this average. At
December 31, 2023, our largest multifamily real estate loan had a principal balance of $30.5 million, was secured by a garden-
style apartment complex located in Essex County, New Jersey, and was performing in accordance with its original contractual
terms. Substantially all of our multifamily real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary market areas and
eastern Pennsylvania.
Our multifamily real estate loans typically amortize over 30 years with negotiated interest rates that adjust after an
initial five-, seven-, or 10-year period, and every five years thereafter. Adjustable-rate loan originations are generally tied to a
specifically identified market rate index. We also originate, to a lesser extent, 10- to 15-year fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans.
In general, our multifamily real estate loans have interest rate floors equal to the interest rate on the date the loan is originated,
and have prepayment penalties should the loan be prepaid during the initial five-, seven-, or 10-year term. In addition, our
multifamily loans may contain an initial interest-only period which typically does not exceed two years; however, these loans
are underwritten on a fully amortizing basis.
In underwriting multifamily real estate loans, we consider a number of factors, including the ratio of the projected net
cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 120%, computed after deduction for a
vacancy factor and property expenses we deem appropriate), the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and
income of the sponsor, and the sponsor’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Multifamily real estate loans
generally are originated in amounts up to the lesser of 75% of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property securing
the loan. Although a significant portion of our multifamily real estate loans are referred to us by third-party loan brokers, we
underwrite all multifamily real estate loans in accordance with our underwriting standards. Due to competitor considerations, as
is customary in our marketplace, we typically do not obtain personal guarantees of the principals on multifamily real estate
loans, except when warranted.
In 2019, the New York State legislature passed the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act, impacting
approximately 1,000,000 rent-regulated apartment units. Among other things, the legislation: (i) curtails rent increases from
material capital improvements and individual apartment improvements; (ii) all but eliminates the ability for apartments to exit
rent regulation; (iii) does away with vacancy decontrol and high-income deregulation; and (iv) repealed the 20% vacancy
bonus. At December 31, 2023, the Company has approximately $457.8 million in multifamily loans in New York City with
tenants that have some form of rent stabilization or rent control.
7
The following table summarizes our variable-interest multifamily loans by year of repricing (excluding PCD loans) at
December 31, 2023:
After one year through five years
After five years through ten years
After ten years
Amount
Weighted Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
1,957,320
31,788
683,197
2,672,305
3.79 %
4.43 %
3.64 %
3.76 %
Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans (other than multifamily real estate loans) totaled $929.6
million, or 22.1% of our loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, our commercial real estate loan
portfolio consisted of 710 loans with an average loan balance of approximately $1.3 million, although there are a large number
of loans with balances substantially greater than this average. At December 31, 2023, our largest commercial real estate loan
had a principal balance of $90.0 million (net active principal balance of $30.0 million as we have a 33.3% participation
interest), was secured by an office facility located in Staten Island, New York, and was performing in accordance with its
original contractual terms. Substantially all of our commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located in our primary
market areas.
The following table sets forth the property types collateralizing our commercial real estate loans held-for-investment as
of December 31, 2023:
Office buildings
Mixed use (majority of space is non-residential)
$
Retail
Warehousing
Manufacturing
Healthcare facilities
Accommodations (hotel/motel)
Services
Other
Schools/daycare
Restaurants
Recreational
December 31, 2023
Amount
Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
208,618
182,706
160,190
105,401
65,516
46,282
45,433
42,021
40,473
13,175
10,313
9,467
22.4 %
19.7
17.2
11.3
7.1
5.0
4.9
4.5
4.4
1.4
1.1
1.0
$
929,595
100.0 %
Our commercial real estate loans typically amortize over 20 to 25 years with negotiated interest rates that adjust after
an initial five-, seven-, or 10-year period, and every five years thereafter. Adjustable-rate loan originations are generally tied to
a specifically identified market rate index. We also originate, to a lesser extent, 10- to 15-year fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans.
In general, our commercial real estate loans have interest rate floors equal to the interest rate on the date the loan is originated,
and generally have prepayment penalties if the loan is repaid in the initial five-, seven-, or 10-year term.
In underwriting commercial real estate loans, we generally lend up to the lesser of 75% of either the property’s
appraised value or purchase price. We base our decision to lend primarily on the economic viability of the property and the
creditworthiness of the borrower. In evaluating a proposed commercial real estate loan, we emphasize the ratio of the property’s
projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum ratio of 125%, computed after
deduction for a vacancy factor and property expenses we deem appropriate). Personal guarantees of the principals are typically
obtained. Although a significant portion of our commercial real estate loans were referred to us by third-party loan brokers, we
underwrite all commercial real estate loans in accordance with our underwriting standards.
8
New York City Local Law 97 (“Local Law 97”) became effective on November 15, 2019. The law sets limits on the
greenhouse gas emissions of both newly built and existing covered buildings. The law will apply to both commercial and
residential buildings over 25,000 square feet (or two more buildings on the same tax lot or governed by the same board of
managers that together exceed 50,000 square feet) and goes into effect beginning 2024. The buildings covered by Local Law 97
will be required to file a report with the Department of Buildings by May 1, 2025 detailing their annual greenhouse gas
emissions and then by May 1 of every year thereafter. Starting in 2025, an owner of a covered building who submits a report
indicating that their building exceeded its annual building emissions limit will be liable for a civil penalty. Based on
management’s assessment of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023, we believe that 31 loans will be considered covered
buildings and will be affected by the ruling regarding Local Law 97 during the first stage of implementation. At December 31,
2023, the largest loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of these 31 loans was 74.1%, and the average LTV ratio was 53.7%. These loans
had an aggregate book balance of $136.8 million and were all performing in accordance with their original contractual terms at
that date.
Construction and Land Loans. At December 31, 2023, construction and land loans totaled $31.0 million, or 0.7% of
total loans receivable, and the additional unadvanced portion of these construction loans totaled $26.3 million. At December 31,
2023, we had 22 construction and land loans with an average balance of approximately $1.4 million. Our largest construction
and land loan had a principal balance of $8.8 million, and is secured by a proposed three-story, 72-unit apartment building in
Staten Island, New York. At December 31, 2023, this loan was performing in accordance with its original contractual terms.
Our construction and land loans typically are interest-only loans with interest rates that are tied to the Prime Rate as
published in The Wall Street Journal. Margins generally range from zero to 200 basis points above the Prime Rate. We also
originate, to a lesser extent, 10- to 15-year fixed-rate, fully amortizing land loans. In general, our construction and land loans
have interest rate floors equal to the interest rate on the date the loan is originated, and we do not typically charge prepayment
penalties.
We grant construction and land loans to experienced developers for the construction of single-family residences,
including condominiums, and commercial properties. Construction and land loans also are made to individuals for the
construction of their personal residences. Advances on construction loans are made in accordance with a schedule reflecting the
cost of construction, but are generally limited to a loan-to-completed appraised value ratio of 70%. Repayment of construction
loans on residential properties normally is expected from the sale of units to individual purchasers, or in the case of individuals
building their own residences, with a permanent mortgage.
Land loans also help finance the purchase of land intended for future development, including single-family housing,
multifamily housing, and commercial property. In general, the maximum loan-to-value ratio for land acquisition loans is 50%
of the appraised value of the property, and the maximum term of these loans is three years.
Construction and land loans generally carry higher interest rates and have shorter terms than multifamily and
commercial real estate loans. Construction and land loans have greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved,
income-producing real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the
project at completion of construction as compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other
assumptions. If the estimate of construction costs is inaccurate, we may decide to advance additional funds beyond the amount
originally committed in order to protect our security interest in the underlying property. However, if the estimated value of the
completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold the real estate with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment
of the construction loan upon its sale. In the event we make a land acquisition loan on real estate that is not yet approved for the
planned development, there is a risk that approvals will not be granted or will be delayed. Construction loans also expose us to a
risk that improvements will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, the
ultimate sale or rental of the project may not occur as anticipated and the market value of collateral, when completed, may be
less than the outstanding loans and there may be no permanent financing available upon completion. Substantially all of our
construction and land loans are secured by real estate located in our primary market areas.
Commercial and Industrial Loans. At December 31, 2023, commercial and industrial loans totaled $155.3 million or
3.7% of the total loan portfolio, and the additional unadvanced portion of these commercial and industrial loans totaled $101.7
million. As of December 31, 2023, we had 863 commercial and industrial loans with an average loan balance of approximately
$180,000, although we originate these types of loans in amounts substantially greater than this average. At December 31, 2023,
our largest commercial and industrial loan had a principal balance of $13.4 million and was risk rated substandard and modified
during the year ended December 31, 2023, to receive a maturity extension of 90 days through February 1, 2024, with a further
short-term extension in process for approval through May 1, 2024. This loan previously had multiple 90-day extensions. The
loan was originally downgraded to substandard due to operating losses; however, the current debt service coverage ratio is
1.57x and the loan is considered adequately secured by receivables in excess of $18 million. The loan is current as of
December 31, 2023 (in accordance with the extensions granted).
9
Our term commercial and industrial loans typically amortize over five to seven years with interest rates that are
primarily indexed to various FHLB rates, and to a lesser extent, Prime Rates. Margins generally range from zero to 300 basis
points above the index rate. We also originate, to a lesser extent, 10-year fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans. In general, our
commercial and industrial loans have interest rate floors equal to the interest rate on the date the loan is originated and have
prepayment penalties.
We make various types of secured and unsecured commercial and industrial loans for the purpose of working capital
and other general business purposes. The terms of these loans generally range from less than one year to a maximum of seven
years, however we could allow for a maximum of 10 years depending on industry or asset type. The loans either are negotiated
on a fixed-rate basis or carry adjustable interest rates indexed to the Prime Rate as published in The Wall Street Journal.
Commercial credit decisions are based on our credit assessment of the applicant. We evaluate the applicant’s ability to
repay in accordance with the proposed terms of the loan and assess the risks involved. Personal guarantees of the principals are
typically obtained. In addition to evaluating the loan applicant’s financial statements, we consider the adequacy of the
secondary sources of repayment for the loan, such as pledged collateral and the financial stability of the guarantors. Collateral
securing a loan also is analyzed to determine its marketability.
Commercial and industrial loans generally carry higher interest rates than multifamily and commercial real estate loans
of like maturity because they have a higher risk of default since their repayment generally depends on the successful operation
of the borrowers’ business.
Within our commercial and industrial loan portfolio, we offer unsecured small business loans primarily underwritten
utilizing a third-party loan scoring system designed to assess the credit risk of small businesses. These loans include fixed rate
term loans with typical maturities of up to seven years and revolving floating rate working capital lines of credit reviewed
annually. Maximum loan amounts within this loan segment are limited to the lesser of a percentage of a business’s revenue or
$100,000 (previously $250,000) and require the full personal guarantees of the business owners. Unsecured small business
loans totaled $37.4 million and $43.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
During 2021 the Company participated in the PPP which was designed by the U.S. Treasury to provide loans for small
businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and
are forgivable provided the funds were used on qualifying payrolls costs, rent utilities and other qualifying payments. The
program has largely been completed, with substantially all of the borrowers receiving forgiveness payments. The Company
originated 2,343 PPP loans totaling approximately $232.2 million under the PPP. At December 31, 2023, the Company had
three PPP loans outstanding totaling $284,000 which are categorized within our commercial and industrial loan portfolio.
The Bank also underwrites SBA guaranteed loans and guaranteed or assisted loans through various state, county and
municipal programs.
One-to-Four Family Residential Real Estate Loans. At December 31, 2023, we had 326 one-to-four family
residential real estate loans outstanding with an aggregate balance of $160.8 million, or 3.8% of our total loan portfolio. As of
December 31, 2023, the average balance of one-to-four family residential real estate loans was approximately $477,000,
although we have originated these types of loan in amounts substantially greater than this average. At December 31, 2023, our
largest loan of this type (excluding purchased loan pools, discussed below) had a principal balance of $5.3 million and was
collateralized by 42 condominiums within a complex in Union County, New Jersey. The loan was performing in accordance
with its original contractual terms. We have not offered loans secured by owner-occupied, one-to-four family residential real
estate, but may purchase them from time-to-time to meet our Community Reinvestment Act obligations. We are currently in
process of establishing a one-to-four residential mortgage lending program to originate loans from our customers and purchase
residential mortgage loans through correspondent channels. These mortgages will be either held-for-investment or held-for-sale
and sold in the secondary market.
Historically, we have not offered “interest-only” mortgage loans on one-to-four family residential real estate
properties, where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan.
However, since 2014 we have purchased pools of one-to-four family residential real estate loans, a substantial amount of which
are interest-only mortgage loans. We also historically have not offered loans that provide for negative amortization of principal,
such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased
principal balance during the life of the loan.
10
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit. At December 31, 2023, we had 2,408 home equity loans and lines of credit
with an aggregate outstanding balance of $163.5 million, or 3.9% of our total loan portfolio. Of this total, outstanding home
equity lines of credit totaled $71.8 million, or 1.7%, of our total loan portfolio and home equity loans totaled $87.5 million, or
2.1%, of our total loan portfolio. At December 31, 2023, the average home equity loan and line of credit balance was
approximately $68,000 although we originate these types of loans in amounts substantially greater than this average. At
December 31, 2023, our largest home equity line of credit had an outstanding balance of approximately $2.0 million. This loan
was performing in accordance with its original contractual terms. At December 31, 2023, our largest outstanding home equity
loan was $1.7 million and was performing in accordance with its original contractual terms.
We offer home equity loans and home equity lines of credit that are secured by the borrower’s primary residence or
second home. Home equity lines of credit are adjustable-rate loans tied to the Prime Rate as published in The Wall Street
Journal adjusted for a margin, and have a maximum term of 25 years during which time the borrower is required to make
principal payments based on a 30-year amortization. The borrower is permitted to draw against the line during the entire term
on originations occurring prior to June 15, 2011. For home equity loans originated beginning on June 15, 2011, the borrower is
only permitted to draw against the line for the initial 10 years. Our home equity loans typically are fully amortizing with fixed
terms up to 25 years. Home equity loans and lines of credit generally are underwritten with the same criteria we use to
underwrite fixed-rate, one-to-four family residential real estate loans. Home equity loans and lines of credit may be
underwritten with a loan-to-value ratio of 80% when combined with the principal balance of the existing mortgage loan.
PCD Loans. Under the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology, the Company elected to maintain pools
of loans that were previously accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 310-30 - Accounting
for Purchased Loans with Deteriorated Credit Quality (“ASC 310-30”), and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of
account. Loans are only removed from existing pools if they are written off, paid off, or sold. Under CECL, the allowance for
credit losses was determined for each pool and added to the pool's carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The
difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the noncredit premium or
discount, which will be amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the pool. Changes to the allowance for credit
losses are recorded through provision expense.
At December 31, 2023, PCD loans consisted of approximately 7% one-to-four family residential loans, 25%
commercial real estate loans, 57% commercial and industrial loans, and 11% in home equity loans.
Non-Performing and Problem Assets
When a loan is between 10 to 15 days delinquent, we generally send the borrower a late charge notice. When a loan is
30 days past due, we generally mail the borrower a letter reminding the borrower of the delinquency and, except for loans
secured by one-to-four family residential real estate, we attempt personal contact with the borrower to determine the reason for
the delinquency, to ensure the borrower correctly understands the terms of the loan, and to emphasize the importance of making
payments on or before the due date. If necessary, additional late charges and delinquency notices are issued and the account will
be monitored. After 90 days of delinquency, we generally send the borrower a final demand for payment and refer the loan to
legal counsel to commence foreclosure and related legal proceedings. At times, we may shorten or lengthen these time frames.
Generally, loans (excluding PCD loans) are placed on non-accrual status when payment of principal or interest is 90
days or more delinquent unless the loan is considered well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans also are placed on
non-accrual status at any time if the ultimate collection of principal or interest in full is in doubt. When loans are placed on non-
accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received, and only if the
principal balance is deemed fully collectible. The loan may be returned to accrual status if both principal and interest payments
are brought current and factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist, including performance by the borrower under the
loan terms for a consecutive six-month period. Our Chief Credit Officer reports monitored loans, including all loans rated
watch, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss, to the Loan Committee of the Board of Directors at least quarterly.
Effective January 1, 2023, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments -
Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”) on a prospective basis.
The amendments in this ASU were issued to (1) eliminate accounting guidance for Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) by
creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a
borrower is experiencing financial difficulty; (2) require disclosures of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for
financing receivables and net investments in leases. Under ASU 2022-02, we assess all loan modifications to determine whether
one is granted to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, regardless of whether the modified loan terms include a
concession. Modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of an interest rate
reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, principal forgiveness or a combination thereof.
11
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, a TDR occurred when the terms of a loan were modified because of
deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Modifications could include extension of the repayment terms of the
loan, reduced interest rates, or forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. We recorded an impairment loss associated with
a TDR, if any, based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original loan’s effective interest rate
or the underlying collateral value, less estimated cost to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent. Once an obligation has been
restructured because of credit problems, it continues to be considered restructured until paid in full or, if the obligation yields a
market rate (a rate equal to or greater than the rate we were willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with
comparable risk), until the year after which the restructuring takes place, provided the borrower has performed under the
modified terms for a consecutive six-month period. Since adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company has ceased to recognize or
measure for new TDRs but those existing at January 1, 2023 remain until settled.
Non-Performing and Restructured Loans (excluding PCD). The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of
our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.
Non-accrual loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Multifamily
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial loans
Other
Total non-accrual loans held-for-investment
Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Multifamily
Home equity and lines of credit
Other
Commercial and industrial loans
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing
Total non-performing loans held-for-investment
Other real estate owned
Total non-performing assets
Ratios:
Non-performing loans to total loans (1)
Non-accrual loans held-for-investment to total loans held-for-
investment, net
Non-performing assets to total assets
Total assets
Loans held-for-investment, net
(1) Includes non-performing loans transferred to held-for-sale.
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands)
$
6,491
$
5,184
$
104
2,709
499
305
7
10,115
—
406
201
711
—
—
1,318
11,433
—
118
3,285
262
964
—
9,813
8
155
233
—
5
24
425
10,238
—
$
11,433
$
10,238
$
5,117
314
1,882
281
28
—
7,622
147
165
—
—
—
72
384
8,006
100
8,106
0.27 %
0.24 %
0.20 %
0.24 %
0.23 %
0.18 %
0.21 %
0.20 %
0.15 %
$
$
5,598,396
4,203,654
$
$
5,601,293
4,243,693
$
$
5,430,542
3,806,617
At December 31, 2023, 2.9% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 27.1% were past due 90 days or more. At
December 31, 2022, 6.8% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 23.0% were past due 90 days or more. At
December 31, 2021, 10.5% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 19.2% were past due 90 days or more.
12
The following table sets forth the property types collateralizing non-accrual commercial real estate loans held-for
investment at December 31, 2023:
Services
Office buildings
Mixed use
Restaurant
Accommodations
Other
Healthcare facilities
Retail
Total
At December 31, 2023
Amount
Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
2,606
1,555
1,452
471
171
102
69
65
6,491
40.1 %
23.9
22.4
7.3
2.6
1.6
1.1
1.0
100.0 %
Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired by us as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is
classified as other real estate owned. On the date the property is acquired, it is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair
value, establishing a new cost basis. Estimated fair value generally represents the sale price a buyer would be willing to pay on
the basis of current market conditions, less the estimated costs to sell the property. Holding costs and declines in estimated fair
value result in charges to expense after acquisition. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no assets acquired
through foreclosure.
Potential Problem Loans and Classification of Assets. Our policies, consistent with regulatory guidelines, provide for
the classification of loans and other assets that are considered to be of lesser quality as substandard, doubtful, or loss assets. An
asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the
collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets include those assets characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain
some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those
classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the
basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Assets (or portions of assets)
classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted.
Assets that do not expose us to risk sufficient to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but which
possess potential weaknesses that deserve our close attention, are designated as special mention. At December 31, 2023,
classified assets, excluding loans on non-accrual status, consisted of substandard assets of $29.3 million and no doubtful or loss
assets. At December 31, 2023, we also had $14.9 million of assets designated as special mention. At December 31, 2022,
classified assets, excluding loans on non-accrual status, consisted of substandard assets of $30.1 million and no doubtful or loss
assets. At December 31, 2022, we also had $7.0 million of assets designated as special mention.
Our determination as to the classification of our assets (and the amount of our loss allowances) is subject to review by
our principal federal regulator, the OCC, which can require that we adjust our classification and related loss allowances. We
regularly review our asset portfolio to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable
regulations. We also engage the services of a third party to review, on a sample basis, our risk ratings on a semi-annual basis.
The following table sets forth the total amounts of delinquencies for accruing loans that were 30 to 89 days past due by
type and by amount at the dates indicated:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial loans
Other loans
Total
December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
740 $
1,010
3,339
817
2,767
10
8,683 $
189
900
672
830
1,048
5
3,644
13
The majority of the loans past due in the one-to-four family residential and home equity and lines of credit portfolios
were due to loans past due 30 days at December 31, 2023, which then became current subsequent to the quarter end, therefore
management does not believe the increase in delinquencies in these portfolios is an indicator of credit deterioration. The
increase in the commercial and industrial loan delinquencies was primarily due to an increase in delinquencies in unsecured
small business loans, attributable to a combination of rising interest rates and a slowdown in business. Management continues
to monitor the small business unsecured commercial and industrial loan portfolio.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
We provide for credit losses on loans based on our documented allowance for credit losses methodology. Credit losses
are charged to the allowance for credit losses and recoveries are credited to it. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are
provided by charges against income based on various factors, which, in our judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating
current estimated credit losses. Credit losses are charged-off in the period the loans, or portion thereof, are deemed
uncollectible. Generally, the Company will record a loan charge-off (including a partial charge-off) to reduce a loan to the
estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less cost to sell, for collateral dependent loans. We regularly review the loan
portfolio in order to maintain the allowance for credit losses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See “Item 7. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Polices - Allowance for Credit
Losses on Loans” for a description of our allowance methodology.
14
The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses for the years indicated:
Balance at beginning of year
Impact of CECL adoption
Balance at January 1, 2021
Charge-offs:
Commercial (1)
One-to-four family residential
Commercial and industrial
Other
PCD loans
Total charge-offs
Recoveries:
Commercial (1)
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Other
PCD loans
Total recoveries
Net charge-offs
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses
Balance at end of year
Ratios:
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2023
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
42,617
—
42,617
—
—
(6,572)
—
(8)
(6,580)
71
—
1
63
—
10
145
(6,435)
1,353
37,535
$
$
38,973
—
38,973
(278)
—
(446)
—
(601)
(1,325)
102
32
19
144
12
178
487
(838)
4,482
42,617
$
$
37,607
10,353
47,960
—
(21)
(646)
(3)
(2,411)
(3,081)
60
29
26
39
5
119
278
(2,803)
(6,184)
38,973
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding (2):
Commercial and industrial
PCD
Total net charge-offs
Allowance for credit losses to total non-performing loans at end of year (3)(5)
Allowance for credit losses to total loans held-for-investment, net, at end of
year (3)(4)(5)
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans held-for-investment at end of
year (4)(5)
(0.15) %
—
(0.15) %
(0.01) %
(0.01)
(0.02) %
(0.01) %
(0.06)
(0.07) %
328.30
416.26
486.80
0.89
1.00
1.02
371.08
434.29
511.32
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
(2) Calculated based on average total loans.
(3) Excluding PPP loans (which are fully government guaranteed and do not carry any provision for losses) of $284,000, $5.1 million, and $40.5 million
(originated) at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment, net, totaled 0.89%,
1.01% and 1.03%, respectively, at December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
Includes PCD and acquired loans held-for-investment (and related allowance for credit losses).
(4)
(5) The Company adopted the CECL accounting standard effective January 1, 2021, and recorded a $10.4 million increase to its allowance for credit
losses, including reserves of $6.8 million related to PCD loans.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for credit losses related to PCD loans was $3.1 million and $3.9
million, respectively. Loans held-for-sale, when applicable, are excluded from the allowance for credit losses coverage ratios in
the table above.
15
Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses allocated by
loan category and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses
allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of
the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.
2023
At December 31,
2022
2021
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Percent of
Loans in Each
Category to
Total Loans
Allowance for
Credit Losses
Percent of
Loans in Each
Category to
Total Loans
Allowance for
Loan Losses
Percent of
Loans in Each
Category to
Total Loans
(Dollars in thousands)
$
23,255
87.55 % $
29,485
87.75 % $
26,785
87.40 %
3,285
149
1,705
6,050
3,085
6
3.83
0.74
3.89
3.69
0.24
0.06
3,936
324
866
4,114
3,883
9
4.10
0.59
3.59
3.65
0.27
0.05
3,545
169
560
3,173
4,732
9
4.82
0.72
2.89
3.70
0.42
0.05
Real estate loans:
Commercial (1)
One-to-four family residential
Construction and land
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
PCD loans
Other
Total allowance
$
37,535
100.00 % $
42,617
100.00 % $
38,973
100.00 %
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
16
Investments
We conduct securities portfolio transactions in accordance with our board-approved investment policy. Northfield
Bank's investment policy is reviewed at least annually by the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. Any changes to the
policy are subject to ratification by the full Board of Directors. This policy dictates that investment decisions give consideration
to the safety of the investment, liquidity requirements, potential returns, the ability to provide collateral for pledging
requirements, and consistency with our interest rate risk management strategy. Our Chief Investment Officer executes our
securities portfolio transactions, within policy requirements, with the approval of either the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief
Financial Officer. NSB Services Corp.’s and NSB Realty Trust’s (which are each Bank subsidiaries) investment officers
execute security portfolio transactions in accordance with investment policies that substantially mirror Northfield Bank’s
investment policy. All purchase and sale transactions are reviewed by the Risk Committee at least quarterly.
Our current investment policy permits investments in mortgage-backed securities, including pass-through securities
and real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). The investment policy also permits, with certain limitations,
investments in debt securities issued by the U.S. Government, agencies of the U.S. Government or U.S. Government-sponsored
enterprises (“GSEs”), asset-backed securities, municipal obligations (including bonds, tax anticipation notes and bond
anticipation notes), money market mutual funds, federal funds, investment grade corporate bonds, subordinated debt, reverse
repurchase agreements, and certificates of deposit.
Northfield Bank’s investment policy does not permit investment in common stock of other entities including GSEs,
other than our required investment in the common stock of the FHLBNY, as permitted for community reinvestment act
purposes or to fund Northfield Bank’s deferred compensation plan. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. may invest in equity securities of
other financial institutions, as well as preferred stock, up to certain limitations. As of December 31, 2023, we did not hold any
asset-backed securities other than mortgage-backed securities.
Our current investment policy does permit hedging through the use of derivative instruments such as financial futures
or interest rate options and swaps, although we currently have no derivative hedging instruments in place.
We purchase mortgage-backed securities insured or guaranteed primarily by the Federal National Mortgage
Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), or the Government National
Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), and to a lesser extent, securities issued by private companies (private label). We invest
in mortgage-backed securities to achieve positive interest rate spreads with minimal administrative expense, and to lower our
credit risk as a result of the guarantees provided as well as to provide us liquidity to fund loan originations and deposit
outflows. Mortgage-backed securities are securities sold in the secondary market that are collateralized by pools of mortgages.
Mortgage-backed securities are more liquid than individual mortgage loans since there is a more active market for such
securities. In addition, mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize our specific liabilities and obligations.
Investments in mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or
less than estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of
any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities. We periodically review current
prepayment speeds to determine whether prepayment estimates require modification that could cause adjustment of
amortization or accretion.
REMICs are a type of mortgage-backed security issued by special purpose entities that aggregate pools of mortgages
and mortgage-backed securities and create different classes of securities with varying maturities and amortization schedules, as
well as a residual interest, with each class possessing different risk characteristics. The cash flows from the underlying
collateral are generally divided into “tranches” or classes that have descending priorities with respect to the distribution of
principal and interest cash flows.
The timely payment of principal and interest on these REMICs is generally supported (credit enhanced) in varying
degrees by either insurance issued by a financial guarantee insurer, letters of credit, over collateralization, or subordination
techniques. Privately issued REMICs and pass-throughs can be subject to certain credit-related risks normally not associated
with U.S. Government agency and GSE mortgage-backed securities. The loss protection generally provided by the various
forms of credit enhancements is limited, and losses in excess of certain levels are not protected. Furthermore, the credit
enhancement itself is subject to the creditworthiness of the credit enhancer. Thus, in the event a credit enhancer does not fulfill
its obligations, the holder could be subject to risk of loss similar to a purchaser of a whole loan pool. Management believes that
the credit enhancements are adequate to protect us from material losses on our private label mortgage-backed securities
investments.
17
At December 31, 2023, our corporate bond portfolio consisted of securities, substantially all of which were
investment-grade, and had remaining maturities generally shorter than five years. Our investment policy provides that we may
invest up to 15% of our Tier 1 risk-based capital in corporate bonds from individual issuers which, at the time of purchase, are
within the investment-grade ratings from Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch. Corporate bonds from individual issuers not
rated investment grade at the time of purchase, are limited to the lesser of 1% of our total assets or 15% of our Tier 1 risk-based
capital, and must have a maturity of less than one year. Aggregate holdings of this security type cannot exceed 5% of our total
assets. Aggregate holdings of individual issuers of corporate bonds and commercial paper, both investment grade and non-
investment grade, are not to exceed 50% of Tier 1 capital of the Company.
The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity
securities portfolios (excluding FHLBNY common stock) at the dates indicated. As of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we
also had a trading portfolio with a fair value of $12.5 million, $10.8 million and $13.5 million, respectively, consisting of
mutual funds quoted in actively traded markets. These securities are utilized to fund non-qualified deferred compensation
obligations.
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Government agency securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSEs
REMICs:
GSEs
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total debt securities available-for-sale
2023
At December 31,
2022
2021
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
$
44,364 $
75,898
44,379 $
73,908
— $
— $
— $
76,150
72,076
2,344
—
2,290
365,823
337,540
472,963
432,618
579,035
581,406
224,931
213,100
280,870
264,724
390,755
391,710
765
128,704
840,485 $
763
125,774
795,464 $ 1,019,607 $
21
189,603
72
71
21
182,734
232,759
233,311
952,173 $ 1,205,516 $ 1,208,237
$
2023
At December 31,
2022
2021
Amortized
Cost
Estimated Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated Fair
Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities held-to-maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates - GSEs
$
Total securities held-to-maturity $
9,866 $
9,866 $
9,586 $
9,586 $
10,760 $
10,760 $
10,389 $
10,389 $
5,283 $
5,283 $
5,475
5,475
Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at
December 31, 2023, are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do
not reflect the effect of scheduled principal repayments, prepayments, or early redemptions that may occur. All of our
securities at December 31, 2023, were taxable with the exception of our U.S. Government agency securities and municipal
portfolio. Weighted average yield is based on amortized cost.
18
One Year or Less
More than One Year
through Five Years
More than Five Years
through Ten Years More than Ten Years
Total
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Weighted
Average
Yield
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Weighted
Average
Yield
(Dollars in thousands)
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S.
Treasuries
U.S.
Government
agency
securities:
$ 44,364
5.32 % $
—
— % $
—
— % $
—
— % $ 44,364 $ 44,379
5.32 %
—
— %
75,898
2.15 %
—
— %
—
— %
75,898
73,908
2.15 %
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSEs
REMICs:
GSE
228
3.88 %
27,022
2.71 % 199,766
2.30 % 138,807
2.32 % 365,823
337,540
2.34 %
—
228
$
— %
5,513
2.22 %
3,820
2.98 % 215,598
3.60 % 224,931
213,100
3.88 % $ 32,535
2.63 % $ 203,586
2.31 % $ 354,405
3.10 % $ 590,754 $ 550,640
3.55 %
2.80 %
Other debt securities:
Municipal
bonds
Corporate
bonds
Total
securities
available-
for-sale
$
765
4.83 % $
—
— % $
—
— % $
73,253
2.18 %
51,451
3.80 %
4,000
6.25 %
$ 74,018
2.21 % $ 51,451
3.80 % $
4,000
— % $
—
—
—
— % $
765 $
763
4.83 %
— % 128,704
125,774
— % $ 129,469 $ 126,537
2.95 %
2.96 %
$ 118,610
3.38 % $ 159,884
2.78 % $ 207,586
2.27 % $ 354,405
3.10 % $ 840,485 $ 795,464
2.90 %
Securities held-to-maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSEs
Total
securities
held-to-
maturity
$
$
Sources of Funds
—
— % $
—
— % $
—
— % $
9,866
4.32 % $
9,866 $ 9,586
4.32 %
—
— % $
—
— % $
—
— % $
9,866
4.32 % $
9,866 $ 9,586
4.32 %
General. Deposits traditionally have been our primary source of funds for our securities and lending activities. We
also borrow from the FHLBNY, the FRB and other financial institutions to supplement cash flow needs, to manage the
maturities of liabilities for interest rate and investment risk management purposes, and to manage our cost of funds. Our
additional sources of funds are the proceeds of loan sales, scheduled loan and investment payments, maturing investments, loan
prepayments, and brokered deposits.
Deposits. We accept deposits primarily from the areas in which our offices are located. We offer a variety of deposit
accounts to businesses, consumers and municipalities with a range of interest rates and terms. We accept brokered deposits
when it is deemed cost effective. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had brokered deposits totaling $100.0 million and $390.0
million, respectively. In addition, municipal deposits which primarily consist of funds from local government entities domiciled
in New Jersey, and are a significant source of funds, totaled $768.6 million, or 19.8% of our total deposits at December 31,
2023. At December 31, 2022, municipal deposits totaled $604.7 million, or 14.6% of our total deposits. Municipal deposits are
primarily collateralized by municipal letters of credit issued by the FHLBNY and/or mortgaged-backed securities.
19
At December 31, 2023, we reported $1.73 billion of estimated uninsured deposits. This total included $856.5 million
of collateralized governmental deposits and intercompany deposits, leaving estimated adjusted uninsured deposits of $869.9
million, or 22.4% of total deposits. Total uninsured deposits at December 31, 2022 were estimated at $1.54 billion. As of those
dates we had no deposits that were uninsured for any reason other than being in excess of the $250,000 limit for federal deposit
insurance.
The following table provides the uninsured portion of certificates of deposit at December 31, 2023, by account, with a
maturity of:
Three months or less
Over three months through six months
Over six months through one year
Over one year
Total
December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
19,302
15,814
23,401
2,204
60,721
As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of our outstanding certificates of deposit in amounts greater than
$250,000 was $98.2 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of these certificates at December 31, 2023:
Three months or less
Over three months through six months
Over six months through one year
Over one year
Total
December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
$
$
33,052
25,564
33,151
6,454
98,221
At December 31, 2023, we had $673.7 million in certificates of deposit, of which $635.8 million had remaining
maturities of one year or less.
The following table sets forth the distribution of our average total deposit accounts, by account type, for the periods
indicated:
2023
2022
2021
For the Year Ended December 31,
Average
Balance
Percent
Weighted
Average
Rate
Average
Balance
Percent
Weighted
Average
Rate
Average
Balance
Percent
Weighted
Average
Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
$ 770,939
20.26 %
— % $ 907,603
20.95 %
— % $ 812,805
19.68 %
— %
1,226,944
32.24
1.35 % 1,291,370
342,251
894,259
571,042
8.99
23.50
15.01
0.87 %
572,075
1.22 % 1,034,603
3.21 %
525,557
29.82
13.21
23.89
12.13
0.14 % 1,085,259
26.28 %
0.13 %
594,081
14.38 %
0.11 % 1,132,212
27.42 %
1.27 %
505,472
12.24 %
0.07 %
0.11 %
0.14 %
0.63 %
0.15 %
Non-interest bearing
demand
NOW and interest
bearing demand
Money market accounts
Savings
Certificates of deposit
Total deposits
$ 3,805,435
100.00 %
1.28 % $ 4,331,208
100.00 %
0.24 % $ 4,129,829
100.00 %
20
Borrowings. Our borrowings consist primarily of advances from the FHLBNY, borrowings under the Federal
Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”), and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements)
with third-party financial institutions. As of December 31, 2023, our FHLB advances totaled $733.6 million, or 15.0%, of total
liabilities, BTFP borrowings totaled $94.5 million, or 1.93%, repurchase agreements totaled $25.0 million, or 0.5%, and
floating rate advances and other interest-bearing liabilities totaled $6.2 million, or 0.1%, of total liabilities. At December 31,
2023, the Company had the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLBNY and Federal Reserve Bank discount window
of approximately $1.4 billion, utilizing unencumbered securities of $493.7 million and multifamily loans of $931.0
million. Repurchase agreements are primarily secured by mortgage-backed securities. Advances from the FHLBNY are secured
by our investment in the common stock of the FHLBNY as well as by pledged mortgage-backed securities and loans.
Subordinated Debt. On June 17, 2022, the Company issued $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-
floating subordinated notes (the “Notes”) to certain institutional investors. The Notes mature on June 30, 2032, unless redeemed
earlier. The Notes initially bear interest, payable semi-annually in arrears, at a fixed rate of 5.00% per annum until June 30,
2027. Beginning June 30, 2027 and until maturity or redemption, the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal amount
of the Notes due will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month Secured Overnight
Financing Rate plus 200 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company has the option to redeem the Notes, at par and
in whole or in part, beginning on June 30, 2027 and to redeem the Notes at any time in whole upon certain other events. Any
redemption of the Notes will be subject to prior regulatory approval to the extent required.
Human Capital
At December 31, 2023, the Company had 397 full-time employees and seven part-time employees, located primarily in
the states of New York and New Jersey, of which approximately 67% were women and 42% were minorities. We are focused
on attracting, developing and retaining employees with diverse backgrounds and experiences whose contributions can
maximize our financial and strategic growth objectives and build long-term stockholder value. Our core values of trust, respect
and excellence, coupled with our vision to be the high-performing community bank where employees want to work, customers
want to bank, and stockholders want to invest. fosters innovation, increases business value, and enriches our corporate culture.
We believe our relationship with our employees is strong. We have not experienced any material employment-related issues or
interruptions of services due to labor disagreements and are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements. Key items
related to our human capital are described below.
Compensation and Benefits. We offer employees competitive short-term and long-term compensation that we
periodically benchmark to market data utilizing third party consultants specialized in employee compensation and retention. We
provide a comprehensive and competitive portfolio of health and welfare benefits including medical, dental and vision
insurance, life insurance, short-term disability, and various expense reimbursement programs. We sponsor a 401(k) plan, which
provides eligible employees the opportunity to invest a portion of their base salary, up to regulatory limits, in professionally
managed investment options, and self-directed brokerage accounts. We match up to 50% of employee contributions up to the
first 6% of compensation, as defined, based on years of service. We also maintain the Northfield Bank Employee Stock
Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”) for eligible employees. The ESOP is a tax-qualified plan invested in our common stock. The
ESOP provides employees with the opportunity to receive a retirement benefit based on the value of our common stock, and is
100% funded by Northfield Bank.
Employee Engagement. We partner with various third parties to measure employee engagement and satisfaction, and
through efforts of our internal employee engagement team, develop action plans for continued improvement. We have
introduced virtual town hall meetings for all employees, opening the lines of communications and answering employee
questions and concerns. In conjunction with the town hall meetings and internal focus groups, periodic surveys are conducted
related to well-being, compensation, benefits, and our core values. These surveys provided insight into our employees’ needs
and preferences, which we consider in future program development.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. We embrace diversity, equity, and inclusion which are important components of our
core values. Our team members possess diverse backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences that are reflective of the
communities and customers we serve. The unique capabilities and talents that they invest in their work represent who we are as
an organization. Our recruitment efforts provide us opportunities to identify and select from a diverse group of candidates for
all open positions based on critical skill sets of each position. We recognize and reward our employees based on their results
and performance and are dedicated to providing them a workplace that is inclusive, supportive, free of discrimination or
harassment, and that values characteristics and differences that make each of our employees unique.
21
Learning and Development. We encourage and support continued education and the ongoing growth and development
of our employees. We seek, wherever feasible, to fill open positions internally through promotion and transfer from within the
Company. Ongoing learning and career development is advanced through bi-annual performance and development
conversations between associates and their managers, internally developed training programs, customized corporate training
engagements, professional career coaching and educational reimbursement programs. Reimbursement is available to employees
enrolled in pre-approved degree or certification programs at accredited entities that teach skills or knowledge relevant to our
business and employee job duties.
Safety and Wellness. The safety, health and wellness of our employees is a top priority. On a regular basis, we
promote the health and wellness of our employees by encouraging work-life balance, offering flexible work schedules, and
encouraging and sponsoring various wellness programs.
Subsidiary Activities
Northfield-Bancorp, Inc. owns 100% of Northfield Investments, Inc., an inactive New Jersey investment company, and
100% of Northfield Bank. Northfield Bank owns 100% of NSB Services Corp., a Delaware corporation, which in turn owns
100% of the voting common stock of NSB Realty Trust. NSB Realty Trust is a Maryland real estate investment trust that holds
mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities and other investments. These entities enable us to segregate certain assets for
management purposes, and or borrow against assets or stock of these entities for liquidity purposes. At December 31, 2023,
Northfield Bank’s investment in NSB Services Corp. was $855.1 million, and NSB Services Corp. had assets of $858.8 million
and liabilities of $3.6 million at that date. At December 31, 2023, NSB Services Corp.’s investment in NSB Realty Trust was
$858.3 million, and NSB Realty Trust had $858.4 million in assets and liabilities of $58,000 at that date.
22
General
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
Northfield Bank is a federally chartered savings bank that is primarily regulated, examined, and supervised by the
OCC, and by the FDIC as deposit insurer for certain activities. This regulation and supervision establish a comprehensive
framework of activities in which an institution may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s Deposit
Insurance Fund and depositors, and not for the protection of security holders. Under this system of federal regulation, financial
institutions are periodically examined to ensure that they satisfy applicable standards with respect to their capital adequacy,
assets, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market interest rates. The OCC examines Northfield Bank and
prepares reports for the consideration of its Board of Directors on any operating deficiencies. Northfield Bank’s relationship
with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by federal law and, to a much lesser extent, state law,
especially in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of Northfield Bank’s loan
documents. Northfield Bank is also a member of and owns stock in the FHLBNY, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the
FHLB System.
As a savings and loan holding company, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is required to comply with the rules and regulations
of the FRB. It is required to file certain reports with and is subject to examination by and the enforcement authority of the FRB.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is also subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under the federal securities laws.
Any change in applicable laws or regulations, whether by the FDIC, the OCC, the FRB, the SEC, or Congress, could
have a material adverse effect on Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and Northfield Bank and their operations.
Set forth below is a brief description of material regulatory requirements that are or will be applicable to Northfield
Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. The description is limited to certain material aspects of the statutes and regulations
addressed and is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Northfield Bank
and Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Business Activities
A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and
the regulations of the OCC. Under these laws and regulations, Northfield Bank may originate mortgage loans secured by
residential and commercial real estate, commercial business loans, and consumer loans, and it may invest in certain types of
debt securities and certain other assets. Certain types of lending, such as commercial and consumer loans, are subject to
aggregate limits calculated as a specified percentage of Northfield Bank’s capital or assets. Northfield Bank also may establish
subsidiaries that may engage in a variety of activities, including some that are not otherwise permissible for Northfield Bank,
including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.
Loans-to-One-Borrower
We generally may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of
Northfield Bank’s capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, equal to 10% of capital and surplus, if the loan is
secured by readily marketable collateral, which is defined to include certain financial instruments and bullion, but generally
does not include real estate. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with our loans-to-one-borrower limitations.
Qualified Thrift Lender Test
As a federally chartered savings bank, Northfield Bank is required to satisfy a qualified thrift lender (“QTL”) test,
under which we either must qualify as a “domestic building and loan” association as defined by the Internal Revenue Code or
maintain at least 65% of our “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments.” “Qualified thrift investments” consist primarily
of residential mortgages and related investments, including mortgage-backed and related securities. “Portfolio assets” generally
mean total assets less specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill, and other intangible assets and the value of
property used to conduct business. A savings bank that fails the QTL test must operate under specified restrictions. Federal law
also makes noncompliance with the QTL test subject to agency enforcement action for a violation of law. As of December 31,
2023, we maintained 75.6% of our portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments and, therefore, we met the QTL test.
23
Standards for Safety and Soundness
Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe for insured depository institutions under its jurisdiction
standards relating to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems, loan documentation,
credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, employee compensation, and other operational and managerial
standards as the agency deems appropriate. The federal banking agencies adopted Interagency Guidelines Prescribing Standards
for Safety and Soundness to implement the safety and soundness standards required under federal law. The guidelines set forth
the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository
institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to
meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable
plan to achieve compliance with the standard. If an institution fails to submit or implement an acceptable plan, the appropriate
federal banking agency may issue an enforceable order requiring correction of the deficiencies.
Capital Requirements
Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a
common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital
to risk-based assets ratio of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.
In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, all assets,
including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are multiplied
by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of
capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. Common equity Tier 1 capital generally is defined as
common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital generally is defined as common equity Tier 1 plus additional
Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and
minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1
capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus,
meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock,
mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the
allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and certain other items. In assessing
an institution’s capital adequacy, the OCC takes into consideration not only these numeric factors, but qualitative adjustments
as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions when deemed necessary.
In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and
certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting
of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based
capital requirements.
The federal banking agencies, including the OCC, are required to specify for qualifying institutions with less than $10
billion of assets an alternative “community bank leverage ratio” that ranges between 8% to 10% of consolidated assets.
Institutions with capital levels meeting or exceeding the specified requirement and choosing the alternative regulatory capital
framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including all risk-based requirements.
The elective community bank leverage ratio has been currently established at 9.0% Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated
assets. Eligible institutions may opt into and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on their quarterly call report.
Northfield Bank elected to opt into the framework effective March 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2023, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and Northfield Bank exceeded all capital adequacy requirements
to which they were subject. Further, per regulatory guidelines the Bank is categorized as a well-capitalized institution under the
prompt corrective action regulations discussed below. See Note 15 of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for
further discussion about Regulatory Requirements.
24
Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action
Federal law requires, among other things, that federal bank regulators take “prompt corrective action” with respect to
institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For this purpose, the law establishes five capital categories: well
capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. Under the
applicable regulations, an institution is deemed to be “well capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or
greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater, and a common equity Tier 1
capital ratio of 6.5% or greater. An institution is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of
8.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater, and a common equity
Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% or greater. An institution is deemed to be “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio
of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%, or a common equity Tier
1 capital ratio of less than 4.5%. An institution is deemed to be “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based
capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%, or a
common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of less than 3.0%. An institution is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio
of tangible equity (as defined in the regulations) to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%.
The regulations provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the OCC within 45 days of the date a federal
savings association receives notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.”
Any holding company for the savings institution required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee the lesser of an
amount equal to 5.0% of the savings institution’s assets at the time it was notified or deemed to be undercapitalized by the
OCC, or the amount necessary to restore the savings institution to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place
until the OCC notifies the savings institution that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive
calendar quarters, and the OCC has the authority to require payment and collect payment under the guarantee. Various
restrictions, including on growth and capital distributions, also apply to “undercapitalized” institutions. If an “undercapitalized”
institution fails to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan, it is treated as “significantly undercapitalized.” “Significantly
undercapitalized” institutions must comply with one or more additional restrictions including, but not limited to: an order by the
OCC to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized; requirements to reduce total assets, cease receipt of
deposits from correspondent banks or dismiss officers or directors; and restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits,
compensation of executive officers and capital distributions by the parent holding company. The OCC may also take any one of
a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions, including the issuance of a capital directive
and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.
The previously referenced final rule that establishes an elective “community bank leverage ratio” provides that a
qualifying institution whose Tier 1 capital equals or exceeds the specified community bank leverage ratio and opts into that
framework will be considered to be “well capitalized” for purposes of prompt corrective action.
Capital Distributions
Federal regulations restrict “capital distributions” by federal savings associations. For purposes of the regulations,
capital distributions generally include cash dividends and other transactions charged to the capital account of a savings
association. A federal savings association must file an application with the OCC for approval of the capital distribution if:
•
•
•
•
the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceeds the sum of the institution’s net income for
that year to date plus the institution’s retained net income for the preceding two years that is still available for
dividend;
the institution would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution;
the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, written agreement or regulatory condition; or
the institution is not eligible for expedited review of its filings (i.e., generally, institutions that do not have safety
and soundness, compliance and Community Reinvestment Act ratings in the top two categories or that fail a
capital requirement).
A savings institution that is a subsidiary of a holding company, which is the case with Northfield Bank, must file a
notice with the FRB at least 30 days before the Board of Directors declares any dividend and receive FRB non-objection to the
payment of the dividend.
Applications or notices may be denied if the institution will be undercapitalized after the proposed dividend, the
proposed dividend raises safety and soundness concerns or the proposed dividend would violate a law, regulation, written
agreement, or regulatory condition.
25
In the event that a savings institution’s capital falls below its regulatory requirements or it is notified by the regulatory
agency that it is in need of more than normal supervision, its ability to make capital distributions would be restricted. In
addition, any proposed capital distribution could be prohibited if the regulatory agency determines that the distribution would
constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
Transactions with Affiliates
A federal savings association’s authority to engage in transactions with its “affiliates” is limited by Sections 23A and
23B of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation, Regulation W. The term “affiliate” generally includes any
company that controls or is under common control with a savings association, including Northfield Bancorp, Inc., and the non-
savings association subsidiaries of that savings association. Certain other subsidiaries of the savings association itself are not
considered affiliates. Applicable law limits the aggregate amount of “covered transactions” with any individual affiliate,
including loans to the affiliate, to 10% of the capital stock and surplus of the savings association. The aggregate amount of
covered transactions with all affiliates is limited to 20% of the savings association’s capital stock and surplus. Certain “covered
transactions” with affiliates, such as loans to or guarantees issued on behalf of affiliates, are required to be secured by specified
amounts of collateral. Purchasing low quality assets from affiliates is generally prohibited. Regulation W also provides that
transactions with affiliates, including covered transactions, must be on terms and under circumstances, including credit
standards, that are substantially the same or at least as favorable to the association as those prevailing at the time for comparable
transactions with or involving non-affiliated companies. In addition, savings associations are prohibited by law from lending to
any affiliate that is engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies, and no savings association may
purchase the securities of any affiliate other than a subsidiary.
Authority to extend credit to the “executive officers” (as defined under Regulation O), directors and 10% or greater
shareholders of federal savings associations and their affiliates (insiders), as well as to entities controlled by insiders (related
interests), is governed by Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation, Regulation O.
Among other things, loans to insiders must be made on terms substantially the same as, and following credit underwriting
procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unaffiliated individuals,
and may not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features. There is an exception for
institution-wide lending programs available to all employees that do not give preference to insiders. Regulation O also places
individual and aggregate limits on the amount of loans that may be made to insiders and their related interests based, in part, on
the institution’s capital position, and requires that certain prior board approval procedures be followed. Extensions of credit to
executive officers are subject to additional restrictions on the types and amounts of loans that may be made. At December 31,
2023, Northfield Bank was in compliance with these laws and regulations.
Enforcement
The OCC has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings associations, including the authority to bring
enforcement actions against “institution-related parties,” including officers, directors, certain shareholders, as well as attorneys,
appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in specified misconduct which caused or is likely to cause a
financial loss to or an adverse effect on an insured institution. Formal enforcement actions may range from the issuance of a
capital directive or "cease and desist" order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution, receivership,
conservatorship, or the termination of deposit insurance. Civil money penalties can be assessed for a wide range of violations of
law and regulation, unsafe or unsound practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty. The maximum penalties that can be assessed
are generally based on the type and severity of the violation, unsafe and unsound practice or breach, and are adjusted annually
for inflation.
Deposit Insurance
Northfield Bank is a member of the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the FDIC. Deposit accounts in
Northfield Bank are insured up to a maximum of $250,000 per account ownership category for each separately insured
depositor by the FDIC.
The FDIC assesses insured depository institutions to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. Under the FDIC’s risk-
based assessment system, institutions deemed less risky pay lower assessments. Assessments for institutions with less than $10
billion of assets are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical modeling estimating the
probability of an institution’s failure within three years.
26
The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. Effective January 1, 2023, assessment rates for institutions
of Northfield Bank's size range from 2.5 to 32 basis points. Any significant future increases would have an adverse effect on the
operating expenses and results of operations of Northfield Bank. Future insurance assessments cannot be predicted. Under
Financial Institution Letter dated November 16, 2023, the FDIC Board of Directors approved a final rule to implement a special
assessment to recover the loss to the Deposit Insurance Fund associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the
closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The assessment base for the special assessment is equal to an insured
depository institution’s (“IDI’s”) estimated uninsured deposits reported as of December 31, 2022, adjusted to exclude the first
$5 billion, applicable either to the IDI, if an IDI is not a subsidiary of a holding company, or at the banking organization level,
to the extent that an IDI is part of a holding company with one or more subsidiary IDIs. The special assessment will be
collected at an annual rate of approximately 13.4 basis points for an anticipated total of eight quarterly assessment periods. The
special assessment will be collected beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2024 (i.e., January 1 through March
31, 2024) with an invoice payment date of June 28, 2024.
Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or
unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation,
order or condition imposed in writing. Management of Northfield Bank does not know of any practice, condition, or violation
that may lead to termination of the Northfield Bank’s deposit insurance.
Federal Home Loan Bank System
Northfield Bank is a member of the FHLBNY, and therefore is a member of the FHLB System, which consists of 11
regional FHLBs. The FHLB System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. Members of the FHLB
are required to acquire and hold a specified amount of shares of FHLB capital stock. Northfield Bank was in compliance with
this requirement at December 31, 2023.
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws
Federal savings associations have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and its implementing
regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. An
institution’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in
regulatory restrictions on certain activities such as branching and acquisitions. In the most recent Community Reinvestment Act
Public Disclosure issued by the OCC as of May 15, 2023, Northfield Bank was rated “Satisfactory.” On October 24, 2023, the
FDIC, the FRB, and the OCC issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize the Community Reinvestment Act regulations.
Under the final rule, banks with assets of at least $2 billion as of December 31 in both of the prior two calendar years will be a
“large bank.” The agencies will evaluate large banks under four performance tests: the Retail Lending Test, the Retail Services
and Products Test, the Community Development Financing Test, and the Community Development Services Test. The
applicability date for the majority of the provisions in the Community Reinvestment Act regulations is January 1, 2026, and
additional requirements will be applicable on January 1, 2027.
Other Regulations
Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Northfield Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal
laws concerning interest rates. Northfield Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions,
such as the:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;
Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, requiring that borrowers for mortgage loans for one-to-four family
residential real estate receive various disclosures, including good faith estimates of settlement costs, lender
servicing and escrow account practices, and prohibiting certain practices that increase the cost of settlement
services;
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and
public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing
needs of the community it serves;
Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or
other prohibited factors in extending credit;
Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected;
Flood Disaster Protection Act, requiring flood insurance of collateral properties located in designated flood zones;
27
•
•
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, providing a wide range of protections in lending for individuals entering or
called to active duty in the military, and for deployed service members; and
Rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal
laws.
The operations of Northfield Bank also are subject to the:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Truth in Savings Act and Regulation DD, which requires disclosures of deposit terms to consumers;
Regulation CC, which relates to the availability of deposit funds to consumers;
Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records
and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;
Electronic Funds Transfer Act, which governs automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and
customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking
services;
The Bank Secrecy Act and USA PATRIOT Act, which require savings associations to, among other things,
establish anti-money laundering compliance programs, customer identification programs, and customer due
diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing;
Regulations of the Office of Foreign Assets Control, which enforce economic and trade sanctions against targeted
foreign countries and regimes, individuals, and organizations; and
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which places limitations on the sharing of consumer financial information by
financial institutions with unaffiliated third parties and requires all financial institutions offering products or
services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and allow
such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of certain personal financial information with
unaffiliated third parties.
Holding Company Regulation
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is a unitary savings and loan holding company subject to regulation and supervision by the
FRB. The FRB has enforcement authority over Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and its non-savings institution subsidiaries. Among
other things, that authority permits the FRB to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a risk to Northfield Bank.
The business activities of savings and loan holding companies are generally limited to those activities permissible for
bank holding companies under Section 4(c)(8) of the Bank Holding Company Act, subject to the prior approval of the Federal
Reserve Board, and certain additional activities authorized by FRB regulations, unless the holding company has elected
“financial holding company” status. A financial holding company may engage in activities that are financial in nature,
including underwriting equity securities and insurance as well as activities that are incidental to financial activities or
complementary to a financial activity. Northfield Bancorp Inc. has not elected financial holding company status. Federal law
generally prohibits the acquisition of more than 5% of a class of voting stock of a company engaged in impermissible activities.
Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company, directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries,
from acquiring more than 5% of another savings institution or savings and loan holding company without prior written approval
of the FRB and from acquiring or retaining control of any depository institution not insured by the FDIC. In evaluating
applications by savings and loan holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the FRB must consider such things as the
financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on
the institution, the risk to the federal Deposit Insurance Fund, the convenience and needs of the community, and competitive
factors. An acquisition by a savings and loan holding company of a savings institution in another state to be held as a separate
subsidiary may not be approved unless it is a supervisory acquisition under Section 13(k) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
or the law of the state in which the target is located authorizes such acquisitions by out-of-state companies.
Savings and loan holding companies above $3 billion in consolidated assets, such as Northfield Bancorp, Inc., are
subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements that are as stringent as those required for their insured depository
subsidiaries. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to the subsidiary depository institutions
(including the community bank leverage ratio alternative) also apply to savings and loan holding companies. Northfield
Bancorp, Inc. exceeded the FRB’s consolidated capital requirements as of December 31, 2023.
Federal law applies the FRB's “source of strength” doctrine to savings and loan holding companies. The FRB has
issued regulations implementing the “source of strength” policy that require holding companies to act as a source of strength to
their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity, and other support in times of financial stress.
28
The FRB has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common
stock by bank and savings and loan holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of
current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the
organization’s capital requirements, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior
regulatory review of capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the holding company’s net income for the past
four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the holding
company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition.
The guidance also provides for prior consultation with supervisory staff for material increases in the amount of a holding
company’s common stock dividend. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may also be restricted if a subsidiary
bank becomes undercapitalized. Regulatory guidance specifies that a holding company should advise FRB supervisory staff
prior to redeeming or repurchasing common or perpetual preferred stock, to provide opportunity for supervisory review, and
possible objection, when the holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or the repurchase or redemption would
result in a net reduction as of the end of a quarter in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the
beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurs. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. to pay dividends, repurchase common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Federal Securities Laws
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions, and other
requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act addresses, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive
compensation, and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. has policies, procedures
and systems designed to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Change in Bank Control Act and Regulations
Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person may acquire control of a savings and loan holding company, such as
Northfield Bancorp, Inc., unless the FRB has been given 60 days prior written notice and has not issued a notice disapproving
the proposed acquisition, taking into consideration certain factors, including the financial and managerial resources of the
acquirer and the competitive effects of the acquisition. Control, as defined under the Change in Bank Control Act, means
ownership, control of or the power to vote 25% or more of any class of voting stock. Acquisition of more than 10% of any class
of a savings and loan holding company’s voting stock constitutes a rebuttable determination of control under the regulations
under certain circumstances, including where, as is the case with Northfield Bancorp, Inc., the issuer has registered securities
under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Federal Taxation
General. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. are subject to federal income taxation in the same general
manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. Northfield Bancorp, Inc.'s consolidated federal tax returns
are not currently under audit.
The following discussion of federal taxation is intended only to summarize certain pertinent federal income tax matters
and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Northfield Bancorp, Inc. or Northfield Bank.
Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. currently reports its income and
expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending December 31 for filing its federal and state income tax
returns.
Bad Debt Reserves. Historically, Northfield Bank was subject to special provisions in the tax law applicable to
qualifying savings banks regarding allowable tax bad debt deductions and related reserves. Tax law changes were enacted in
1996 that eliminated the ability of savings banks to use the percentage of taxable income method for computing tax bad debt
reserves for tax years after 1995, and required recapture into taxable income over a six-year period of all bad debt reserves
accumulated after a savings bank’s last tax year beginning before January 1, 1988. Northfield Bank recaptured its post
December 31, 1987, bad-debt reserve balance over the six-year period ended December 31, 2004. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is
required to use the specific charge-off method to account for tax bad debt deductions.
29
Taxable Distributions and Recapture. Prior to 1996, bad debt reserves created prior to 1988 were subject to recapture
into taxable income if Northfield Bank failed to meet certain thrift asset and definitional tests or made certain distributions. Tax
law changes in 1996 eliminated thrift-related recapture rules. However, under current law, pre-1988 tax bad debt reserves
remain subject to recapture if Northfield Bank makes certain non-dividend distributions, repurchases any of its common stock,
pays dividends in excess of earnings and profits, or fails to qualify as a “bank” for tax purposes. At December 31, 2023, the
total federal pre-base year bad debt reserve of Northfield Bank was approximately $5.9 million.
Corporate Dividends-Received Deduction. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. may exclude from its federal taxable income
100% of dividends received from Northfield Bank as a wholly-owned subsidiary by filing consolidated tax returns. Through
December 31, 2017, the corporate dividends-received deduction was 80% in the case of dividends received from a corporation
in which a corporate recipient owns at least 20% of its stock, and corporations that own less than 20% of the stock of a
corporation distributing a dividend could deduct only 70% of dividends received or accrued on their behalf. Effective January
1, 2018, the dividends received deduction decreased from 80% to 65% and 70% to 50% for corporate recipients owning at least
20% or less than 20%, respectively, of a corporation’s stock.
Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Inflation Reduction Act, which was signed into law on August 16, 2022, among
other things, implements a new alternative minimum tax of 15% on corporations with profits in excess of $1 billion, a 1%
excise tax on stock repurchases, and several tax incentives to promote clean energy and climate initiatives. These provisions are
effective beginning January 1, 2023.
State Taxation
New York State Taxation. In 2014, New York State enacted significant and comprehensive reforms to its corporate
tax system that went into effect January 1, 2015. The legislation resulted in significant changes to the method of calculating
income taxes for banks, including changes to future period tax rates, rules relating to the sourcing of income, and the
elimination of the banking corporation tax so that banking corporations are taxed under New York State’s corporate franchise
tax. The corporate franchise tax is based on the combined entire net income of the Company and its affiliates allocable and
apportionable to New York State and taxed at a rate of 7.25%. New York State also imposes the Metropolitan Transportation
Authority (“MTA”) Tax Surcharge allocable to business activities carried on in the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation
District. The MTA surcharge rate for 2023 was 30.0%, and will remain at 30.0% until otherwise adjusted.
New York City Taxation. Northfield Bank reports income on a calendar year basis to New York City and is subject to
the New York City Financial Corporation Tax calculated, subject to a New York City income and expense allocation, on a
similar basis as the New York State Tax, at a rate of 8.85%.
Our New York State tax returns are currently under audit for tax years 2018 through 2020. Our New York City tax
returns are currently under audit for tax years 2020 and 2021.
New Jersey State Taxation. Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and Northfield Bank file New Jersey Corporation Business Tax
returns on a calendar year basis. Generally, the income derived from New Jersey sources is subject to New Jersey tax.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and Northfield Bank pay the greater of the corporate business tax at 9% of taxable income or the
minimum tax of $2,000 per entity. On July 1, 2018, the State of New Jersey enacted new legislation that imposes a temporary
surtax of 2.5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019, and of 1.5% for tax years
beginning on or after January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. On September 29, 2020, the state extended the 2.5% surtax
through December 31, 2023, retroactively to tax years beginning January 1, 2020. The legislation also requires combined filing
for certain members of an affiliated group for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2019. In May 2019, the State of New
Jersey issued a tax technical bulletin, subsequently revised in December 2019, which gives guidance on the treatment of real
estate investment trusts in connection with the combined reporting for New Jersey corporate business tax purposes. Real estate
investment trusts and investment companies will be excluded from the combined group and will continue to file separate New
Jersey tax returns. In July 2023, the State of New Jersey enacted new legislation that requires real estate investment trusts and
investment companies to be included in the combined filing unless they are owned 50% or more by a Bank with assets that do
not exceed $15 billion.
Delaware State Taxation. As a Delaware business corporation, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is required to file an annual
report with and pay franchise taxes to the state of Delaware.
30
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect us are described below. You should carefully
consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by
reference herein as well as in other documents we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the
only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management
currently deems immaterial may also impair our business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk
factors. See also, “Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to Our Lending Activities
The level of our commercial real estate loan portfolio subjects us to additional regulatory scrutiny.
The OCC and the other federal bank regulatory agencies have promulgated joint guidance on sound risk management
practices for financial institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. Under the guidance, a financial
institution that, like us, is actively involved in commercial real estate lending should perform a risk assessment to identify
concentrations. A financial institution may have a concentration in commercial real estate lending if, among other factors, (i)
total reported loans for construction, land acquisition and development, and other land represent 100% or more of total capital,
or (ii) total reported loans secured by multifamily and non-farm residential properties, loans for construction, land acquisition
and development and other land, and loans otherwise sensitive to the general commercial real estate market, including loans to
commercial real estate related entities, represent 300% or more of total capital.
Based on these factors we have a concentration in multifamily and commercial real estate lending, as such loans
represent approximately 456.2% of Northfield Bank's capital as of December 31, 2023. The particular focus of the guidance is
on exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that
are likely to be at greater risk to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a
secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution). The purpose of the guidance is to guide banks in developing risk
management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations. The guidance
states that management should employ heightened risk management practices including board and management oversight and
strategic planning, development of underwriting standards, risk assessment, and monitoring through market analysis and stress
testing. While we believe we have implemented policies and procedures with respect to our commercial real estate loan
portfolio consistent with this guidance, bank regulators could require us to implement additional policies and procedures
consistent with their interpretation of the guidance that may result in additional costs to us or that may result in a curtailment of
our multifamily and commercial real estate lending and/or the requirement that we maintain higher levels of regulatory capital,
either of which would adversely affect our loan originations and profitability.
Our concentration in multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans could expose us to increased lending risks and
related credit losses.
Our current business strategy is to continue to originate multifamily loans and, to a lesser extent, other commercial real
estate loans. At December 31, 2023, $3.68 billion, or 87.6%, of our loan portfolio held-for-investment, net, consisted of
multifamily and other commercial real estate loans.
These types of loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than one-to-four family
residential mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation of the properties and the
sale of such properties securing the loans. Such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of
related borrowers compared to one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Also, many of our borrowers have more than one
of these types of loans outstanding. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship
can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a one-to-four family
residential real estate loan.
In addition, if loans that are collateralized by real estate become troubled and the value of the real estate has been
significantly impaired, then we may not be able to recover the full contractual amount of principal and interest that we
anticipated at the time we originated the loan, which could cause us to increase our provision for credit losses and adversely
affect our operating results and financial condition.
31
Our New York State multifamily loan portfolio could be adversely impacted by changes in legislation or regulation.
On June 14, 2019, the New York State legislature passed the Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019,
impacting about one million rent regulated apartment units. Among other things, the legislation: (i) curtails rent increases from
material capital improvements and individual apartment improvements; (ii) all but eliminates the ability for apartments to exit
rent regulation; (iii) does away with vacancy decontrol and high-income deregulation; and (iv) repealed the 20% vacancy
bonus. This legislation generally limits a landlord’s ability to increase rents on rent-regulated apartments and makes it more
difficult to convert rent regulated apartments to market rate apartments. As a result, the value of the collateral located in New
York State securing our multifamily loans or the future net operating income of such properties could potentially become
impaired. At December 31, 2023, the Company has approximately $457.8 million of New York multifamily loans that have
some form of rent stabilization or rent control.
Uncertainties associated with increased loan originations may result in errors in judging collectability, which may lead to
additional provisions for credit losses or charge-offs, which would negatively affect our financial condition and results of
operations.
Increasing loan originations would likely require us to lend to borrowers with which we have limited experience.
Accordingly, we would not have a significant payment history pattern with which to judge future collectability. Further, newly
originated loans have not been subjected to unfavorable economic conditions. As a result, it may be difficult to predict the
future performance of newly originated loans. These loans may have delinquency or charge-off levels above our recent
historical experience, which could adversely affect our future performance.
If our allowance for credit losses is not sufficient to cover actual credit losses, our earnings and capital could decrease.
We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the
creditworthiness of our borrowers, the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many
of our loans, and expectations on payments based on forecasted economic conditions. In determining the amount of the
allowance for credit losses, we review our loans and our loss and delinquency experience, as well as the experience of other
similarly situated institutions, and we evaluate other factors including, among other things, current economic conditions. If our
assumptions are incorrect, if delinquencies, non-accrual or non-performing loans increase, or macroeconomic conditions are
worse than anticipated, our allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio,
which would require additions to our allowance. Material additions to our allowance would materially decrease our net income.
In addition, bank regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses and, based on information available to
them at the time of their review, may require us to increase our allowance for credit losses or recognize further loan charge-offs.
An increase in our allowance for credit losses on loans or loan charge-offs as a result of these regulatory reviews may have a
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any future credit deterioration could
require us to increase our allowance for credit losses.
The foreclosure process may adversely impact the Bank’s recoveries on non-performing loans.
The judicial foreclosure process is protracted, especially in New Jersey, where foreclosure timelines remain among the
longest in the nation, which delays our ability to resolve non-performing loans through the sale of the underlying collateral. The
longer timelines have been the result of the economic crisis, additional consumer protection initiatives related to the foreclosure
process, increased documentary requirements and judicial scrutiny, and, both voluntary and mandatory programs under which
lenders may consider loan modifications or other alternatives to foreclosure. These reasons, historical issues at the largest
mortgage loan servicers, and the legal and regulatory responses have impacted the foreclosure process and completion time of
foreclosures for residential mortgage lenders. This may result in a material adverse effect on collateral values and our ability to
minimize our losses.
32
We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities.
A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate, and we could become subject to environmental
liabilities with respect to one or more of these properties. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take
title to properties securing defaulted loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on
these properties. If hazardous conditions or toxic substances are found on these properties, we may be liable for remediation
costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage, civil fines and criminal penalties regardless of when the hazardous
conditions or toxic substances first affected any particular property. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial
expenses to address unknown liabilities and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or
sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or regulations, or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with
respect to existing laws and regulations may increase our exposure to environmental liability, and heightened pressure from
investors and other stakeholders may require us to incur additional expenses with respect to environmental matters. Although
we have policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on nonresidential
real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any
other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on us.
Risks Related to Regulatory Matters
We are subject to extensive regulatory oversight.
We are subject to extensive supervision, regulation, and examination by the OCC and the FRB. As a result, we are
limited in the manner in which we conduct our business, undertake new investments and activities, and obtain financing. This
regulatory structure is designed primarily for the protection of the Deposit Insurance Fund and our depositors, and not to benefit
our stockholders. This regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their
supervisory and enforcement actions and examination policies, including policies with respect to capital levels, the timing and
amount of dividend payments, the classification of assets, the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory
purposes and the timing and amounts of assessments and fees.
We are subject to the Community Reinvestment Act and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead
to material penalties.
The Community Reinvestment Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending
laws and regulations impose nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. A successful regulatory
challenge to an institution’s performance under the Community Reinvestment Act or fair lending laws and regulations could
result in a wide variety of sanctions, including the required payment of damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief,
imposition of restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity and restrictions on expansion. Private parties may also have the
ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation. Such actions could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The FRB may require us to commit capital resources to support Northfield Bank.
Federal law requires that a holding company act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank
and to commit resources to support such subsidiary bank. Under the “source of strength” doctrine, the FRB may require a
holding company to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the holding company with engaging
in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to a subsidiary bank. A capital injection may be required at
times when the holding company may not have the resources to provide it and therefore may be required to borrow the funds or
raise capital. Any borrowing or funds needed to raise capital required to make a capital injection may be difficult and expensive
and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Legislative or regulatory responses to perceived financial and market problems could impair our rights against borrowers.
Federal, state and local laws and policies could reduce the amount distressed borrowers are otherwise contractually
obligated to pay under their mortgage loans, and may limit the ability of lenders to foreclose on mortgage collateral.
Restrictions on Northfield Bank’s rights as creditor could result in increased credit losses on our loans and mortgage-backed
securities, or increased expense in pursuing our remedies as a creditor.
33
Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in fines or
sanctions.
The USA PATRIOT and Bank Secrecy Acts require financial institutions to develop programs and procedures to
prevent financial institutions from being used for money laundering and terrorist activities. If such activities are detected,
financial institutions are obligated to file suspicious activity reports with the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Financial Crimes
Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying the
identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in fines or
sanctions. While we have developed policies and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations,
these policies and procedures may not be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations.
Monetary policies and regulations of the FRB could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of
the FRB. An important function of the FRB is to regulate the money supply and credit environment. Among the instruments
used by the FRB to implement these objectives are open market purchases and sales of U.S. Government securities, adjustments
of the discount rate and changes in banks’ reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying
combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their
use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits.
The monetary policies and regulations of the FRB have had a significant effect on the overall economy and the
operating results of financial institutions in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future.
We are required to maintain a significant percentage of our total assets in residential mortgage loans and investments
secured by residential mortgage loans, which restricts our ability to diversify our loan portfolio.
A federal savings bank differs from a commercial bank in that it is required to maintain at least 65% of its total assets
in “qualified thrift investments,” which generally includes loans and investments for the purchase, refinance, construction,
improvement, or repair of residential real estate, as well as home equity loans, education loans and small business loans. To
maintain our federal savings bank charter we have to be a “qualified thrift lender” or “QTL” in nine out of each 12 immediately
preceding months. The QTL requirement limits the extent to which we can grow our commercial loan portfolio, and failing the
QTL test can result in an enforcement action. However, a loan that does not exceed $2 million (including a group of loans to
one borrower) that is for commercial, corporate, business, or agricultural purposes is included in our qualified thrift
investments. As of December 31, 2023, we maintained 75.6% of our portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments. Because of
the QTL requirement, we may be limited in our ability to change our asset mix and increase the yield on our earning assets by
growing our commercial loan portfolio.
In addition, if we continue to grow our commercial real estate loan portfolio and our residential mortgage loan
portfolio decreases, it is possible that in order to maintain our QTL status, we may have to buy mortgage-backed securities or
other qualifying assets at times when the terms of such investments may not be attractive. Alternatively, we may find it
necessary to pursue different structures, including converting Northfield Bank’s savings bank charter to a commercial bank
charter.
We are subject to stringent capital requirements, which may adversely affect our return on equity, require us to raise
additional capital, or constrain us from paying dividends or repurchasing shares.
The minimum capital requirements applicable to Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and Northfield Bank are: (i) a common
equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a
Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The final rule also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5%, resulting in the following
minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%, and (iii)
a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution may become subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share
repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations established a
maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such actions.
34
The application of these more stringent capital requirements, among other things, could result in lower returns on
equity, require the raising of additional capital, and result in regulatory actions if we were to be unable to comply with such
requirements. Furthermore, the imposition of liquidity requirements in connection with Basel III could result in our having to
lengthen the term of our funding, restructure our business models, and/or increase our holdings of liquid assets. Implementation
of changes to asset risk weightings for risk-based capital calculations, items included or deducted in calculating regulatory
capital and/or additional capital conservation buffers could result in management modifying its business strategy, and could
limit our ability to make distributions, including paying dividends or buying back shares. Recent regulatory changes have made
available to qualifying institutions of under $10 billion in assets an alternative “community bank leverage ratio” framework of
9% Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets. That framework was available for election starting in 2020, which the
Northfield Bank opted into in the first quarter of 2020. However, the framework is not expected to effectively lower the amount
of capital needed to comply with regulatory requirements. See “Item 1. Business — Supervision and Regulation.”
Risks Related to Strategic Matters
Implementing our growth strategies could cause us to incur significant costs and expenses, which may negatively affect our
financial condition and results of operations.
We expect to continue to grow our assets, the level of our deposits or borrowings, and the scale of our operations.
Achieving our growth targets depends, in part, on our ability to attract customers that currently bank at other financial
institutions in our market, thereby increasing our share of the market, implement new lines of business or offer new products
and services, identify favorable loan and investment opportunities, and acquire other banks and non-bank entities. Our ability to
grow successfully will depend on a variety of factors, including our ability to attract and retain experienced bankers, the
continued availability of desirable business opportunities, competitive responses from other financial institutions in our market
areas and our ability to manage our growth. Growth opportunities may not be available or we may not be able to manage our
growth successfully. If we do not manage our growth effectively, our financial condition and operating results could be
negatively affected.
Acquisitions may disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.
We regularly evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities and conduct due diligence activities related to possible
transactions with other financial institutions and financial services companies. As a result, negotiations may take place and
future mergers or acquisitions involving cash or equity securities may occur at any time. We seek acquisition partners that offer
us either significant market presence or the potential to expand our market footprint and improve profitability through
economies of scale or expanded services.
Acquiring other banks, non-bank entities, businesses, or branches may have an adverse effect on our financial results
and may involve various other risks commonly associated with acquisitions. These include:
•
•
•
•
integrating personnel with diverse business backgrounds;
converting customers to new systems;
combining different corporate cultures and operating systems; and
retaining key employees.
Loans that were acquired as part of our acquisitions of other depository institutions were not underwritten or originated
in accordance with our credit standards, including environmental matters, and we did not have long-standing relationships with
many of these borrowers at the time of acquisition. The acquired loans are underwritten at the date of acquisition based on our
credit standards, which can temporarily increase loans classified as special mention and substandard for a period of time until
these loans are integrated and conform to our credit standards. Although we reviewed the loan portfolios of each institution
acquired as part of the diligence process, and believe that we have established reasonable credit marks with regard to all loans
acquired, we may incur losses in excess of the credit marks with regard to these acquired loans, and any such losses, if they
occur, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The success of an acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings. If
we are unable to integrate an acquired company successfully, the anticipated benefits and cost savings may not be realized fully
or may take longer to realize than expected. A significant decline in asset valuations or cash flows may also cause us not to
realize expected benefits.
35
Our inability to tailor our retail delivery model to respond to consumer preferences in banking may negatively affect
earnings.
Our branch network continues to be a very significant source of new business generation, however, consumers
continue to migrate much of their routine banking to self-service channels. In recognition of this shift in consumer patterns, we
regularly review our branch network, which can result in branch consolidation accompanied by the enhancement of our
capabilities to serve its customers through alternate delivery channels. The benefits of this strategy would depend on our ability
to realize expected expense reductions; however, if we are not able to implement this successfully, we may experience
significant customer attrition.
Risks Related to Economic Matters
A decline in economic conditions could reduce demand for our products and services and/or result in increases in our level
of non-performing loans, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Unlike larger financial institutions that are more geographically diversified, our profitability depends primarily on the
general economic conditions in New York, New Jersey and, to a lesser extent, eastern Pennsylvania. Local economic conditions
have a significant impact on our commercial real estate, construction, and consumer loans, the ability of the borrowers to repay
these loans and the value of the collateral securing these loans. A substantial portion of our loans are to borrowers located in or
secured by collateral in the New York metropolitan area.
Deterioration in economic conditions, including as a result of inflation or recession, changes in interest rates, or
disruptions to the global supply chain, could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations:
•
•
•
•
•
•
demand for our products and services may decline;
loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase;
collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, (including due to the inability to complete
construction projects due to disruption in the supply chain) in turn reducing customers’ future borrowing power,
and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans;
we may increase our allowance for credit losses;
the value of our securities portfolio may decline; or
the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us.
Moreover, a significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, changes in interest rates,
recession, acts of terrorism, an outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic events, tax reform, unemployment, an
epidemic or pandemic or other factors beyond our control could further affect these local economic conditions and could further
negatively affect the financial results of our banking operations. In addition, deflationary pressures, while possibly lowering our
operating costs, could have a significant negative effect on our borrowers, especially our business borrowers, and the values of
underlying collateral securing loans, which could negatively affect our financial performance.
Inflation can have an adverse impact on our business and on our customers.
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. Over the past year, in response to a pronounced rise in inflation, the FRB has raised certain
benchmark interest rates to combat inflation. As discussed above, as inflation increases and market interest rates rise the value
of our investment securities, particularly those with longer maturities, would decrease, although this effect can be less
pronounced for floating rate instruments. In addition, inflation generally increases the cost of goods and services we use in our
business operations, such as electricity and other utilities, which increases our non-interest expenses. Furthermore, our
customers are also affected by inflation and the rising costs of goods and services used in their households and businesses,
which could have a negative impact on their ability to repay their loans with us. Sustained higher interest rates by the FRB to
tame persistent inflationary price pressures could also push down asset prices and weaken economic activity. A deterioration in
economic conditions in the United States and our markets could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing
assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for our products and services, all of which, in turn, would
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
36
Our stock price may be negatively impacted by unrelated bank failures and negative depositor confidence in depository
institutions. Further, if we are unable to adequately manage our liquidity, deposits, capital levels and interest rate risk,
which have come under greater scrutiny in light of recent bank failures, it may have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
On March 9, 2023, Silvergate Bank, La Jolla, California, announced its decision to voluntarily liquidate its assets and
wind down operations. On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank, Santa Clara, California, was closed by the California
Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. On March 12, 2023, Signature Bank, New York, New York, was closed by
the New York State Department of Financial Services, and on May 1, 2023, First Republic Bank, San Francisco, California,
was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. These banks also had elevated levels of
uninsured deposits, which may be less likely to remain at the bank over time and less stable as a source of funding than insured
deposits. These failures led to volatility and declines in the market for bank stocks and questions about depositor confidence in
depository institutions.
These events have led to a greater focus by institutions, investors and regulators on the on-balance sheet liquidity of
and funding sources for financial institutions, the composition of its deposits, including the amount of uninsured deposits, the
amount of accumulated other comprehensive loss, capital levels and interest rate risk management. If we are unable to
adequately manage our liquidity, deposits, capital levels and interest rate risk, it may have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
The failure to address the federal debt ceiling in a timely manner, downgrades of the U.S. credit rating and uncertain credit
and financial market conditions may affect the stability of securities issued or guaranteed by the federal government, which
may affect the valuation or liquidity of our investment securities portfolio and increase future borrowing costs.
As a result of uncertain political, credit and financial market conditions, including the potential consequences of the
federal government defaulting on its obligations for a period of time due to federal debt ceiling limitations or other unresolved
political issues, investments in financial instruments issued or guaranteed by the federal government pose credit default and
liquidity risks. Given that future deterioration in the U.S. credit and financial markets is a possibility, losses or significant
deterioration in the fair value of our U.S. government issued or guaranteed investments may occur. At December 31, 2023, we
had approximately $44.4 million, $73.9 million, $125.8 million and $550.6 million invested in U.S. Treasuries, U.S.
Government agency securities, corporate bonds and residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by
government-sponsored enterprises, respectively. Downgrades to the U.S. credit rating could affect the stability of securities
issued or guaranteed by the federal government and the valuation or liquidity of our portfolio of such investment securities, and
could result in our counterparties requiring additional collateral for our borrowings. Further, unless and until U.S. political,
credit and financial market conditions have been sufficiently resolved or stabilized, it may increase our future borrowing costs.
Risks Related to Competitive Matters
Strong traditional and non-traditional competition within our market areas may limit our growth and profitability.
We face intense competition in making loans and attracting deposits. Price competition from other financial
institutions, credit unions, money market and mutual funds, insurance companies, and other non-traditional competitors such as
financial technology companies, for loans and deposits sometimes results in us charging lower interest rates on our loans and
paying higher interest rates on our deposits and may reduce our net interest income. Competition also makes it more difficult
and costly to attract and retain qualified employees. Many of the institutions with which we compete have substantially greater
resources and lending limits than we have and may offer services that we do not provide. Our competitors also may price loan
and deposit products aggressively when they enter into new lines of business or new market areas. We expect competition to
increase in the future as a result of legislative, regulatory, and technological changes and the continuing trend of consolidation
in the financial services industry. If we are not able to compete effectively in our market area, our profitability may be
negatively affected. The greater resources and broader offering of deposit and loan products of some of our competitors may
also limit our ability to increase our interest-earning assets.
Risks Related to Interest Rates
The reversal of the historically low interest rate environment has adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect our
net interest income and profitability.
The FRB decreased benchmark interest rates to near zero in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The FRB has
reversed its policy of near zero interest rates given its concerns over inflation. Market interest rates have risen significantly in
response to the FRB’s recent rate increases. As discussed below, the increase in market interest rates has already had and is
expected to further have an adverse effect on our net interest income and profitability.
37
Changes in market interest rates in an increasing rate environment could adversely affect our financial condition and
results of operations.
Our financial condition and results of operations are significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Our
results of operations substantially depend on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we
earn on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities. Our interest-bearing
liabilities generally reprice or mature more quickly than our interest-earning assets. As rates increased rapidly in recent periods,
we have increased the rates we pay on our deposits and borrowed funds more quickly than interest rates earned on our loans and
investments, resulting in a negative effect on interest spreads and net interest income which has negatively affected our
profitability. In addition, as a result of rising interest rates, we have experienced a shift in deposits from lower-cost transaction
and savings accounts to higher-cost certificates of deposit. However, the rates we earn on our loans did not increase as rapidly
during the year ended December 31, 2023. Conversely, should market interest rates fall below current levels, our net interest
margin could also be affected negatively if competitive pressures keep us from further reducing rates on our deposits, while the
yields on our assets decrease more rapidly through loan prepayments and interest rate adjustments.
Increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and/or may make it more difficult for borrowers to repay when
loans reprice. Additionally, increases in interest rates may increase capitalization rates utilized in valuing income-producing
properties. This can result in lower appraised values, which can limit the ability of borrowers to refinance existing debt and may
result in higher charge-offs of our non-performing collateral dependent loans.
Our balance sheet composition is weighted towards assets with longer durations, which expose us to risks upon changes in
interest rates.
We are subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the
average life of loans and mortgage-related securities. Decreases in interest rates often result in increased prepayments of loans
and mortgage-related securities as borrowers refinance their loans to reduce borrowings costs. Under these circumstances, we
are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments in loans or
other investments that have interest rates that are comparable to the interest rates on existing loans and securities. Increases in
interest rates generally reduce prepayments.
Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest earning assets and in particular the carrying value of our
securities portfolio. Generally, the value of interest-earning assets fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates. To the
extent interest rates increase and the value of our available-for-sale portfolio decreases, our stockholders’ equity will be
adversely affected.
At December 31, 2023, our simulation model indicated that our net portfolio value (the net present value of our
interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities) would decrease by 9.04% if there was an instantaneous parallel 200 basis
point increase in market interest rates. Although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk
exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect
of changes in market interest rates on our net portfolio value or net interest income and likely will differ from actual results.
Risks Related to Operational Matters
Our funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits at maturity and support our future growth. A lack of liquidity
could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and result in regulatory limits being placed on us.
We maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. Deposits have traditionally been our
primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also receive funds from loan repayments, investment
maturities and income on other interest-earning assets. While we emphasize the generation of low-cost core deposits as a source
of funding, there is strong competition for such deposits in our market area. Additionally, deposit balances can decrease if
customers identify alternative investments opportunities. Accordingly, as a part of our liquidity management, we may use a
number of funding sources in addition to deposits and repayments and maturities of loans and investments. As we continue to
grow, we are likely to become more dependent on these sources, which may include Federal Home Loan Bank advances,
federal funds purchased and brokered certificates of deposit. Adverse operating results or changes in industry conditions could
lead to difficulty or an inability to access these additional funding sources.
38
Our financial flexibility will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate
financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates. Further, if we are required to rely more
heavily on more expensive funding sources to support liquidity and future growth, our revenues may not increase
proportionately to cover our increased costs. In this case, our operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected.
Alternatively, we may need to sell a portion of our investment and/or loan portfolio to raise funds, which, depending upon
market conditions, could result in us realizing a loss on the sale of such assets. As of December 31, 2023, we had a net
unrealized loss of $45.0 million on our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio as a result of the rising interest rate
environment. Our investment securities totaled $828.5 million, or 14.8%, of total assets, at December 31, 2023.
Any decline in available funding could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, pay our
expenses, or fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could
have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations.
A lack of liquidity could also attract increased regulatory scrutiny and potential restraints imposed on us by regulators.
Depending on the capitalization status and regulatory treatment of depository institutions, including whether an institution is
subject to a supervisory prompt corrective action directive, certain additional regulatory restrictions and prohibitions may apply,
including restrictions on growth, restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, restrictions or prohibitions on payment of
dividends and restrictions on the acceptance of brokered deposits.
Our success depends on hiring and retaining certain key personnel.
Our performance largely depends on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. We rely on key personnel to
manage and operate our business, including major revenue generating functions such as loan and deposit generation. The loss of
key staff may adversely affect our ability to maintain and manage these functions effectively, which could negatively affect our
revenues. In addition, competition for senior executives and skilled personnel in the financial services and banking industry is
intense, which means the loss of key personnel could result in increased recruiting and hiring expenses, which could cause a
decrease in our net income. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to
retain and motivate our existing employees.
Risks associated with system failures, interruptions, or breaches of security could affect our earnings negatively.
Information technology systems are critical to our business. We use various technology systems to manage our
customer relationships, general ledger, securities, deposits, and loans. We have established policies and procedures to prevent or
limit the effect of system failures, interruptions, and security breaches, but such events may still occur or may not be adequately
addressed if they do occur. In addition, any compromise of our systems could deter customers from using our products and
services. Although we rely on security systems to provide security and authentication necessary to affect the secure
transmission of data, these precautions may not protect our systems from compromises or breaches of security.
In addition, we outsource a majority of our data processing to certain third-party providers. If these third-party
providers encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and
account for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely affected. Threats to information
security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.
The occurrence of any system failures, interruption, or breach of security could damage our reputation, disrupt
operations, misappropriate confidential information, damage our computer systems and result in a loss of customers and
business thereby subjecting us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or could expose us to litigation and possible financial liability.
Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Cyber-attacks or other security breaches could adversely affect our operations, net income, or reputation.
We regularly collect, process, transmit and store significant amounts of confidential information regarding our
customers, employees and others and concerning our own business, operations, plans and strategies. In some cases, this
confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted, or stored by third parties on our behalf.
Our heavy reliance on information technology systems (both internal and third-party) exposes us to operational risks which
include the risk of malfeasance by employees or persons outside of our organization, errors relating to transaction processing
and technology, systems failures or interruptions, failures to properly implement systems upgrades, breaches of our internal
control systems and compliance requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery.
39
Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies,
the use of the Internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial and other transactions, and the increased
sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks and mobile phishing. Mobile phishing, a means for identity thieves
to obtain sensitive personal information through fraudulent e-mail, text or voice mail, is an emerging threat targeting the
customers of financial entities. A failure in or breach of our operational or information security systems, or those of our third-
party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches or due to employee error, malfeasance or
other disruptions could adversely affect our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary
information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and/or cause losses.
If this confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused, or lost, we could be exposed to
significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage, civil litigation, and financial loss.
Although we employ a variety of physical, procedural, and technological safeguards to protect this confidential and
proprietary information from mishandling, misuse, or loss, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling,
misuse, or loss of the information will not occur, and that if mishandling, misuse, or loss of information does occur, those
events will be promptly detected and addressed. Similarly, when confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled,
processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on our behalf, our policies and procedures require that the third party agree to
maintain the confidentiality of the information, establish and maintain policies and procedures designed to preserve the
confidentiality of the information, and permit us to confirm the third party’s compliance with the terms of the agreement. As
information security risks and cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue
to enhance our information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.
Because the nature of the financial services business involves a high volume of transactions, we face significant operational
risks, including fraud and other financial crimes.
We operate in diverse markets and rely on the ability of our employees and systems to process a high number of
transactions over short periods of time. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including but not
limited to, the risk of fraud by employees or persons outside our company, the execution of unauthorized transactions by
employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, breaches of the internal control system and compliance
requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery. Our loans to businesses and individuals and our deposit
relationships and related transactions are subject to exposure to the risk of loss due to fraud and other financial crimes. In
addition, employee errors and employee and customer misconduct could subject us to financial losses or regulatory sanctions
and seriously harm our reputation. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may
exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of an operational
deficiency or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory standards, adverse business decisions or their
implementation, and customer attrition due to potential negative publicity. In the event of a breakdown in the internal control
system, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, we could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action, and
suffer damage to our reputation.
If our enterprise risk management framework is not effective at mitigating risk and loss to us, we could suffer unexpected
losses and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our enterprise risk management framework seeks to achieve an appropriate balance between risk and return, which is
critical to optimizing stockholder value. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, measure, monitor,
report and analyze the types of risk to which we are subject, including credit, liquidity, operational, regulatory compliance and
reputational. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to our risk management
strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not appropriately anticipated or identified. If our risk
management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses and our business and results of operations could
be materially adversely affected.
40
Our Board of Directors needs to leverage, to a large degree, management and an outside consultant, in overseeing
cybersecurity risk management.
The Board of Directors established its Compliance and Information Technology (“CIT”) Committee with specific
responsibilities for overseeing cybersecurity threats, among other things. Our Chief Information Security Officer provides the
CIT Committee with periodic reports on our cybersecurity risks and any material cybersecurity incidents. The CIT Committee
retains an independent external cybersecurity consultant who regularly attends all CIT Committee meetings and reports directly
to the CIT Committee Chair. In addition, Northfield Bank maintains an Information and Cybersecurity Program under the
leadership of our Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Information Officer, and the Chief Information Security Officer, with Board of
Directors oversight for identifying and mitigating information security risks. For this oversight of cybersecurity, our Board of
Directors, through the CIT Committee, work with the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Information Officer, and the Chief
Information Security Officer, as well as the independent external cybersecurity consultant.
Risks Related to Environmental Matters
Societal responses to climate change could adversely affect our business and performance, including indirectly through
impacts on our customers.
Concerns over the long-term impacts of climate change have led and could continue to lead to governmental efforts
around the world to mitigate those impacts. Consumers and businesses also may change their behaviors as a result of these
concerns. We and our customers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as consumer and business preferences
resulting from climate change concerns. We and our customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions, operating
process changes and other issues. The impact on our customers will likely vary depending on their specific attributes, including
reliance on or role in carbon intensive activities. Among the impacts to us could be a drop in demand for our products and
services, particularly in certain sectors. In addition, we could face reductions in creditworthiness on the part of some customers
or in the value of assets securing loans. Our efforts to take these risks into account in making lending and other decisions,
including by increasing our business with climate-friendly companies, may not be effective in protecting us from the negative
impact of new laws and regulations or changes in consumer or business behavior.
Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected by natural disasters, health
epidemics, and other catastrophic events.
We could be adversely affected if key personnel or a significant number of employees were to become unavailable due
to a pandemic, natural disaster, war, act of terrorism, accident, or other reason. Any of these events could result in the
temporary reduction of operations, employees, and customers, which could limit our ability to provide services. Additionally,
many of our borrowers may suffer property damage, experience interruption of their businesses or lose their jobs after such
events. Those borrowers might not be able to repay their loans, and the collateral for such loans may decline significantly in
value.
Other Risks Related to Our Business
Changes in our accounting policies or in accounting standards could materially affect how we report our financial
condition and results of operations.
Our accounting policies are essential to understanding our financial results and condition. Some of these policies
require the use of estimates and assumptions that may affect the value of our assets or liabilities and financial results. Some of
our accounting policies are critical because they require management to make difficult, subjective, and complex judgments
about matters that are uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different
conditions or using different assumptions. If such estimates or assumptions underlying our financial statements are incorrect,
we may experience material losses.
From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards or the interpretation
of those standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes are beyond our control, can be hard to
predict and could materially affect how we report our results of operations and financial condition. We could also be required to
apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in our restating prior period financial statements in material amounts.
41
We hold certain intangible assets that could be classified as impaired in the future. If these assets are considered to be either
partially or fully impaired in the future, our earnings and the book values of these assets would decrease.
At December 31, 2023, we had $41.0 million in goodwill which we are required to test on a periodic basis. The
impairment testing process considers a variety of factors, including the current market price of our common shares, the
estimated net present value of our assets and liabilities and information concerning the terminal valuation of similarly situated
insured depository institutions. It is possible that future impairment testing could result in a partial or full impairment of the
value of our goodwill. If an impairment determination is made in a future reporting period, our earnings and the book value of
goodwill will be reduced by the amount of the impairment.
If our municipal banking deposits were lost within a short period of time, this could negatively impact our liquidity and
earnings.
As of December 31, 2023, municipal deposits totaled $768.6 million, or 19.8% of total deposits. Municipal deposits
may be more volatile than other deposits. If a significant amount of these deposits were withdrawn within a short period of
time, it could have a negative impact on our short-term liquidity or if the cost to replace such funds was more expensive, it
could have an adverse impact on our earnings.
Changes in the valuation of our securities portfolio could reduce net income and lower our capital levels.
Our securities portfolio may be affected by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated other
comprehensive income and/or earnings. Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest rates, lower
market prices for securities and limited investor demand. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment
on a quarterly basis, with more frequent evaluation for selected issues. In analyzing a debt issuer’s financial condition,
management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by
bond rating agencies have occurred, industry analysts’ reports and, to a lesser extent given the relatively insignificant levels of
depreciation in our debt portfolio, spread differentials between the effective rates on instruments in the portfolio compared to
risk-free rates. In analyzing an equity issuer’s financial condition, management considers industry analysts’ reports, financial
performance, and projected target prices of investment analysts within a one-year time period. If this evaluation shows
impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated with one or more securities, a potential loss to earnings may
occur. Changes in interest rates also can have an adverse effect on our financial condition, as our available-for-sale securities
are reported at their estimated fair value, and therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. We increase or decrease
our stockholders’ equity by the amount of change in the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities, net of
taxes. The declines in market value could result in other-than-temporary impairments of these assets, which would lead to
accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels.
Federal banking regulations restrict insured depository institutions and their affiliated companies from engaging in
short-term proprietary trading of certain securities, investing in funds with collateral comprised of less than 100% of loans that
are not registered with the SEC and from engaging in hedging activities that do not hedge a specific identified risk. We continue
to analyze the impact of this regulation on our investment portfolio, and whether any changes are required to our investment
strategies that could negatively affect our earnings.
42
We may be adversely affected by recent changes in tax laws.
Changes in federal tax laws may have an adverse effect on the market for, and the valuation of, residential properties,
and on the demand for such loans in the future and could make it harder for borrowers to make their loan payments. In addition,
these changes also have a disproportionate effect on taxpayers in states with high residential home prices and high state and
local taxes, like New Jersey and New York. If home ownership becomes less attractive, demand for mortgage loans could
decrease. The value of the properties securing loans in our loan portfolio may be adversely impacted as a result of the changing
economics of home ownership, which could require an increase in our provision for credit losses, which would reduce our
profitability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, legislation in New Jersey imposes a temporary surtax on corporations earning New Jersey allocated
income in excess of $1 million of 2.5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2019, and of
1.5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021. On September 29, 2020, the state
extended the 2.5% surtax through December 31, 2023, retroactively to tax years beginning January 1, 2020. The legislation also
requires combined filing for certain members of an affiliated group for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The
new legislation may cause us to lose the benefit of certain of our tax management strategies and may cause our total tax expense
to increase.
Various factors may make takeover attempts more difficult to achieve.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, federal regulations, Delaware law, shares of restricted stock and stock
options that we have granted or may grant to employees and directors, stock ownership by our management and directors and
employment agreements that we have entered into with our executive officers, and various other factors may make it more
difficult for companies or persons to acquire control of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. without the consent of our Board of Directors,
which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak could continue to affect our financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the global and national economy and certain industries and
geographies in which the Company operates. Given its dynamic nature, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain,
including the advent of new variants and any measures to combat the pandemic by governmental authorities. The COVID-19
pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, could have a material, adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved staff comments.
43
ITEM 1C.
CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Our Cybersecurity Risk Management program is an integrated component of the Enterprise Risk Management strategy
intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our critical systems and information.
We design and assess our program based on industry standards such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Cybersecurity Framework and the Center for Internet Security Controls. This does not imply that we meet any particular
technical standards, specifications, or requirements, but rather that we use these standards as a guide to help us identify, assess,
and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.
Our cybersecurity risk management program is aligned with the Company’s business strategy. It shares common
methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply to other areas of enterprise risk, including legal,
compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risks. Key elements of our cybersecurity risk management program include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
implementation of policies and procedures in the areas of Information Security, Business Continuity, Disaster
Recovery, Privacy, Third-Party Service Provider Risk Management, and Incident Response;
risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products,
services, and our broader enterprise information technology environment;
an independent second line function, the Information Security Department, is principally responsible for managing our
cybersecurity risk assessment processes, testing and monitoring of our security controls, and our response to
cybersecurity incidents;
the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security
controls, including but not limited to penetration testing;
training and awareness programs for Information Security Department members that include periodic and ongoing
assessments to drive adoption and awareness of cybersecurity processes and controls;
throughout the year, all employees are trained on cybersecurity awareness, confidential information protection and
simulated phishing attacks, and all directors engage in interactive training modules;
• membership with the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC) and annual participation
in the Cyber Attacks against Payment Systems (CAPS) exercises;
•
•
•
cybersecurity metrics and other risk management matters are reported to both management level committees and the
CIT Committee;
a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and
a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers and vendors that analyses, monitors, reports,
and mitigates cyber risks associated with third-party vendors, suppliers, and service providers.
In the last three fiscal years, the Company has not experienced any cybersecurity incident that has materially affected or is
reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations, or financial conditions,
and any expenses incurred from cybersecurity incidents have been immaterial. For a discussion of whether and how any risks
from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have materially affected or are
reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, refer to
Item 1A. Risk Factors – “Risks Related to Operational Matters”.
Cybersecurity Governance
The Board of Directors established its CIT Committee with specific responsibilities for overseeing cybersecurity
threats, among other things. Our Chief Information Security Officer provides the CIT Committee with periodic reports on our
cybersecurity risks and any material cybersecurity incidents. The CIT Committee retains an independent external cybersecurity
consultant who regularly attends all CIT Committee meetings and reports directly to the CIT Committee Chair. In addition, the
Chief Information Security Officer provides periodic training and reports to our Board of Directors.
44
Northfield Bank maintains an Information and Cybersecurity Program under the leadership of our Chief Risk Officer,
the Chief Information Officer, and the Chief Information Security Officer, with timely Board oversight for identifying and
mitigating information security risks. The Information Security Department is primarily responsible for identifying, assessing
and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats and overseeing cybersecurity vendors. The Information Security
Department is led by our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”). Our immediate past CISO had over 15 years of
experience in the cybersecurity space and has obtained professional security certifications and advanced training in the field of
cybersecurity and technology. Northfield Bank is currently onboarding a new CISO, who comes to us from a money center
bank and has a similar background. Our Chief Information Security Officer and our Chief Information Officer, along with key
members of their departments, regularly collaborate with peer institutions, industry groups, and policymakers to discuss
cybersecurity trends and issues and identify best practices. The information security program is periodically reviewed by such
personnel with the goal of addressing changing threats and conditions. Our internal audit team, led by our Chief Internal
Auditor, provides independent assurance and evaluation of processes, controls and cybersecurity risk management practices to
ensure they are adequate and functioning as intended.
The Information Security Department also monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of
cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings with internal security personnel, threat
intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants
engaged by us, and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment.
ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
The Company operates from its corporate offices located at 581 Main Street, Woodbridge, New Jersey, its home office
in Staten Island, New York, and its additional 38 branch offices located in New York and New Jersey. The branch offices are
located in the New York counties of Richmond, and Kings and the New Jersey counties of Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, and
Union. The net book value of our premises, land, and equipment was $24.8 million at December 31, 2023.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the normal course of business, we may be party to various outstanding legal proceedings and claims. In the opinion
of management, our consolidated financial statements are not likely to be materially affected by the outcome of such legal
proceedings and claims as of December 31, 2023.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
45
PART II
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS,
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our shares of common stock are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “NFBK.” The
approximate number of holders of record of Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock as of February 26, 2024, was 3,711.
Certain shares of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. are held in “nominee” or “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial
owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.
Stock Performance Graph
Set forth below is a stock performance graph comparing (a) the cumulative total return on the Northfield Bancorp,
Inc.’s common stock for the period December 31, 2018, through December 31, 2023, (b) the cumulative total return of the
stocks included in the NASDAQ Composite Index over such period, (c) the cumulative total return on stocks included in the
S&P U.S. SmallCap Banks Index over such period and, (d) the cumulative total return on stocks included in the KBW
NASDAQ Bank Index over such period. Cumulative return assumes the reinvestment of dividends, and is expressed in dollars
based on an assumed investment of $100. Previously, the Company compared its price performance to the NASDAQ
Composite Index, S&P Composite 1500 Thrifts & Mortgage Finance Index and the KBW NASDAQ Bank Index. In March
2023, S&P Global revised their Global Industry Classification Standard and the S&P Composite 1500 Thrifts & Mortgage
Finance Index was discontinued. It was deemed that the S&P U.S. SmallCap Banks Index was an appropriate index to use in its
place as Northfield Bancorp is a member of this index.
Index
12/31/2018
12/31/2019
12/31/2020
12/31/2021
12/31/2022
12/31/2023
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
NASDAQ Composite Index
S&P U.S. SmallCap Bank Index
KBW NASDAQ Bank Index
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
128.69
136.69
125.46
136.13
97.34
198.10
113.94
122.09
131.58
242.03
158.62
168.88
132.72
163.28
139.85
132.75
111.26
236.17
140.55
131.57
As of
Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence, a division of S&P Global Inc.
46
Index Value5 Year Total Return PerformanceNorthfield Bancorp, Inc.NASDAQ Composite IndexS&P U.S. SmallCap Banks IndexKBW NASDAQ Bank Index12/31/1812/31/1912/31/2012/31/2112/31/2212/31/2350100150200250
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On June 16, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $45.0 million stock repurchase program, which was
suspended on March 16, 2023 and reinstated and completed in May 2023. On June 1, 2023, the Board of Directors of the
Company approved a $10.0 million stock repurchase program which was completed in August 2023. On November 7, 2023, the
Board of Directors of the Company approved a $7.5 million stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase program is
administered in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing of the repurchases will
depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity and capital
requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for
general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including
market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other
factors deemed appropriate. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 3,074,332 shares
of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $11.99 per share for a total cost of $36.9 million, and 2,092,157 shares
of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $14.72 per share for a total cost of $38.0 million, respectively, pursuant
to the approved stock repurchase plans. At December 31, 2023, the maximum dollar value of shares remaining for repurchase
under the plan was $3.1 million.
The following table reports information regarding purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months
ended December 31, 2023.
Period
October 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023
November 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023
December 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023
Total
ITEM 6.
[RESERVED]
(a) Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
(b) Average
Price Paid per
Share
(c) Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced Plans
or Programs
(d) Maximum Dollar Value of
Shares that May Yet be
Purchased Under the Plans or
Programs (in thousands)
— $
319,476
111,045
430,521
—
9.77
11.76
— $
319,476
111,045
430,521
—
4,380
3,074
47
ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Northfield
Bancorp, Inc. and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report (collectively, the “financial statements”).
Overview
Net income was $37.7 million, or $0.86 per diluted common share, and $61.1 million, or $1.32 per diluted common
share, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Significant variances from the prior year
are as follows: a $33.6 million decrease in net interest income, a $3.1 million decrease in the provision for credit losses on
loans, a $3.9 million increase in non-interest income, a $6.5 million increase in non-interest expense, and a $9.6 million
decrease in income tax expense. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 included $317,000, after tax ($0.01 per
share), in severance costs. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 included $925,000, after tax ($0.02 per share) of
income generated from the accelerated accretion of fees related to the forgiveness of PPP loans and $326,000, after tax ($0.01
per share) in gains on loans sold.
Assets decreased by $2.9 million, or 0.1%, to $5.60 billion at December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022.
The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $156.7 million, or 16.5%, and a decrease in
loans receivable of $40.0 million, or 0.9%, partially offset by increases in cash and cash equivalents of $183.7 million, or
401.1%, and FHLBNY stock of $9.3 million, or 30.6%.
Liabilities remained at $4.90 billion at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as a decrease in total deposits
of $271.8 million was largely offset by an increase in FHLB advances and other borrowings of $275.6 million.
Stockholders’ equity decreased by $1.9 million to $699.4 million at December 31, 2023, from $701.4 million at
December 31, 2022. The decrease was attributable to $36.9 million in stock repurchases and $22.8 million in dividend
payments, partially offset by net income of $37.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a $15.9 million reduction in
accumulated other comprehensive loss due to an increase in the fair value of our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, and
a $4.2 million increase in equity award activity.
48
Selected Financial Data
The summary information presented below at the dates or for each of the years presented is derived in part from our
consolidated financial statements. The following information is only a summary, and should be read in conjunction with our
consolidated financial statements and notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands)
$
5,598,396 $
5,601,293 $
5,430,542
229,506
12,549
795,464
9,866
10,629
45,799
10,751
952,173
10,760
10,443
91,068
13,461
1,208,237
5,283
5,342
4,203,654
4,243,693
3,806,617
(37,535)
(42,617)
(38,973)
4,166,119
171,543
39,667
30,202
—
3,878,435
859,272
61,219
35,205
4,201,076
167,912
30,382
34,288
—
4,150,219
583,859
60,996
39,790
4,898,951
4,899,903
$
699,445 $
701,390 $
3,767,644
164,500
22,336
33,943
100
4,169,334
421,755
—
39,851
4,690,659
739,883
Years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
$
208,795 $
179,688 $
84,128
124,667
1,353
123,314
11,896
83,450
51,760
14,091
21,382
158,306
4,482
153,824
7,983
76,948
84,859
23,740
$
$
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
0.86 $
0.86 $
1.32 $
1.32 $
172,298
16,649
155,649
(6,184)
161,833
14,453
79,159
97,127
26,473
70,654
1.46
1.45
43,560,844
43,638,616
46,234,122
46,438,119
48,416,495
48,754,263
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trading securities
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost
Equity securities
Loans held-for-investment, net
Allowance for credit losses
Net loans held-for-investment
Bank-owned life insurance
FHLBNY stock, at cost
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Other real estate owned
Deposits
Borrowed funds
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs
Operating lease liabilities
Total liabilities
Total stockholders’ equity
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income
Interest expense
Net interest income before provision/(benefit) for credit losses
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses
Non-interest income
Non-interest expense
Income before income taxes
Income tax expense
Net income
Net income per common share - basic
Net income per common share - diluted
Weighted average basic shares outstanding
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding
49
Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data:
Performance Ratios:
Return on assets (ratio of net income to average total assets)(1) (2) (3)
Return on equity (ratio of net income to average equity)(1) (2) (3)
Interest rate spread(4)
Net interest margin(5)
Dividend payout ratio(6)
Efficiency ratio(7) (8)
Non-interest expense to average total assets
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities
Average equity to average total assets
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets
Non-performing loans to total loans (9) (10)
Allowance for credit losses to total non-performing loans
Allowance for credit losses to total loans held-for-investment, net(11) (12)
Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted assets)
Other Data:
Number of full service offices
Full time equivalent employees
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
0.68 %
1.09 %
1.29 %
5.45
1.82
2.35
60.51
61.11
1.50
133.01
12.44
0.20
0.27
328.30
0.89
8.57
2.82
2.97
39.48
46.27
1.38
137.82
12.75
0.18
0.24
416.26
1.00
9.42
2.89
3.01
34.39
46.54
1.44
135.63
13.69
0.15
0.21
486.80
1.02
12.58
12.64
12.93
39
401
38
400
38
385
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
The year ended December 31, 2023, includes $317,000, after tax, of severance costs and $96,000, after tax, of gains on loans sold.
The year ended December 31, 2022, includes $925,000, after tax, of net interest income generated from accelerated accretion of fees related to
the forgiveness of PPP loans and $326,000, after-tax, in gains on loans sold.
The year ended December 31, 2021, includes: (i) $4.0 million, after tax, of net interest income generated from accelerated accretion of fees
related to the forgiveness of PPP loans; (ii) $1.4 million, after tax, of accretable income related to the payoff of PCD loans; (iii) $1.0 million,
after tax, in gains on loans sold; and (iv) $677,000 of tax-exempt income from bank-owned life insurance proceeds in excess of the cash
surrender value of the policies.
The interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on interest earning assets and the weighted-average
costs of interest-bearing liabilities.
The net interest margin represents net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the period.
Dividend payout ratio is calculated as total dividends declared for the year divided by net income for the year.
The efficiency ratio represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
The year ended December 31, 2023, includes $440,000 pre-tax, of severance costs. The year ended December 31, 2022, includes $1.3 million,
pre-tax, of net interest income generated from accelerated accretion of fees related to the forgiveness of PPP loans. The year ended December
31, 2021, includes $5.6 million, pre-tax, of net interest income generated from accelerated accretion of fees related to the forgiveness of PPP
loans, $1.9 million of accretable income related to the payoff of PCD loans, and $677,000 of tax-exempt income from bank owned life
insurance proceeds in excess of the cash surrender value of the policies.
Non-performing loans consist of non-accruing loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing (excluding PCD loans), included in
total loans held-for-investment, net, and non-performing loans held-for-sale, included in loans held-for-sale.
(10)
Includes originated loans held-for-investment, PCD loans, acquired loans, and loans held-for-sale.
(11)
Includes originated loans held-for-investment, PCD loans and acquired loans (and related allowance for credit losses).
(12) Excluding PPP loans of $5.1 million, which are fully government guaranteed and do not carry any provision for losses, the allowance for
credit losses to total loans held for investment, net, totaled 1.01% at December 31, 2022. Excluding PPP loans of $40.5 million, the allowance
for credit losses to total loans held for investment, net, totaled 1.03% at December 31, 2021. PPP loans were of insignificant value at
December 31, 2023.
50
Critical Accounting Policies
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgments and uncertainties, and could
potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the most critical
accounting policies upon which our financial condition and results of operation depend, and which involve the most complex
subjective decisions or assessments, are the following:
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted new accounting guidance,
which requires entities to estimate and recognize an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses for loans and other financial
assets measured at amortized cost. Previously, an allowance for loan losses was recognized based on probable and reasonably
estimable incurred losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. See Note 1 to the Company's consolidated
financial statements for further discussion of the Company's accounting policies and methodologies for establishing the
allowance for credit losses. We identified our policy on the allowance for credit losses on loans to be a critical accounting
policy because management makes subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and
because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different
assumptions.
The allowance for credit losses on loans is a critical accounting estimate for the following reasons:
• Changes in the provision for credit losses can materially affect our financial results;
• Estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses require us to utilize a reasonable and supportable forecast period
based upon forward-looking economic scenarios in order to estimate probability of default and loss given default rates
which our CECL methodology encompasses;
• The allowance for credit losses on loans is influenced by factors outside of our control such as industry and business
trends, as well as economic conditions such as trends in housing prices, interest rates, gross domestic product,
inflation, and unemployment; and
•
Judgment is required to determine whether the models used to generate the allowance for credit losses on loans
produce an estimate that is sufficient to encompass the current view of lifetime expected credit losses.
The allowance for credit losses on loans has been determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We are responsible for
the timely and periodic determination of the amount of the allowance required. We believe that our allowance for credit losses
is adequate to cover losses.
Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on loans. This
quarterly process is performed by the accounting department, in conjunction with the credit administration department, and
approved by the Allowance Committee, which consists of the Chief Executive Officer/President, Executive Vice President
(“EVP”) & Chief Risk Officer, EVP & Chief Financial Officer, EVP & Chief Lending Officer, Senior Credit Officer, Senior
Vice President (“SVP”) Collections and Asset Recovery, SVP & Director of Financial Reporting and the Assistant Vice
President Financial Reporting. The Chief Financial Officer performs a final review of the calculation. All supporting
documentation with regard to the evaluation process is maintained by the accounting department. Each quarter a summary of
the allowance for credit losses is presented by the Chief Financial Officer to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Under the CECL methodology, the allowance for credit losses on loans has two components. (1) a collective reserve
for estimated expected credit losses for pools of loans that share common risk characteristics and (2) an individual reserve for
loans that do not share risk characteristics, consisting of collateral-dependent and, prior to January 1, 2023, TDR loans.
51
Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment
The Company estimates the collective reserve using a risk rating migration model which calculates an expected life of
loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default metrics. These metrics are
multiplied by the exposure at default, taking into consideration prepayments, to calculate the quantitative component of the
collective reserve. The metrics are based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit risk rating or delinquency
categories using historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the
aggregate net lifetime losses incurred using the Company's historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The
model's expected losses based on loss history are adjusted for qualitative adjustments. Among other things, these adjustments
include and account for differences in: (i) changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii) changes in local, regional, national,
and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of our portfolio, including
the condition of various market segments; (iii) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other
relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of our loan review system; (v) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit,
and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and
regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in our existing portfolio.
The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to
historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses,
the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics
(“Moody's”).
Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the economic
environment. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, include a ‘most likely
outcome’ (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” and “Downside” scenarios. Each
scenario is weighted with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on both the
Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and available
information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed statistical
analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit
performance, which include: gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property
Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.
Our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to a number of inputs, most notably the macroeconomic forecast
assumptions as well as the reasonable and supportable forecasting periods that are incorporated in our estimate of credit losses
on loans. Therefore, as the macroeconomic environment and related forecasts change or decisions are made to shorten or
lengthen the forecasting period, the allowance for credit losses may change materially. The following sensitivity analyses do not
represent management’s expectations of the deterioration of our portfolios or the economic environment, but are provided as
hypothetical scenarios to assess the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in key inputs.
The following table details the five Moody's scenarios utilized in determining the allowance for credit losses on loans
at December 31, 2023, and weightings of each scenario:
Model Scenario
Moody's Scenario Description
S0
S1
S3
S4
Baseline
Upside - 4th Percentile
Upside - 10th Percentile
Downside - 90th Percentile
Downside - 96th Percentile
Baseline Scenario
Weight
4%
10%
10%
4%
72%
If we placed 100% weighting on the baseline scenario, the quantitative allowance for credit losses at December 31,
2023 would have been approximately $1.4 million lower. Conversely, if we removed the upside scenarios and reallocated the
weights from S0 to S4 and S1 to S3, the allowance for credit losses would have increased approximately $2.7 million. These
forecasts revert to our long-term historical average loss rate after a 24 month forecasting period.
Because of the of the high degree of judgment involved in management's estimates of the allowance for credit losses,
the subjectivity of assumptions used, and the potential for changes in the forecasted economic environment, there is inherent
uncertainty in such estimates. Changes in these estimates could significantly impact the allowance for credit losses on loans.
52
Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans
The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other
loans, consisting of all loans designated as TDRs prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 and non-accrual loans with an
outstanding balance of $500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the
loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-
dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs
an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management
adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales
price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying
collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and
estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and
review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled debt
restructurings which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the
borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our
established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results. Individually
impaired loans that have no impairment losses are not considered for collective allowances described earlier.
We have a concentration of loans secured by real property located in New York, New Jersey, and, to a lesser extent,
eastern Pennsylvania. As a substantial amount of our loan portfolio is collateralized by real estate, appraisals of the underlying
value of property securing loans are critical in determining the amount of the allowance required for specific loans.
Assumptions for appraisal valuations are instrumental in determining the value of properties. Overly optimistic assumptions or
negative changes to assumptions could significantly impact the valuation of a property securing a loan and the related
allowance determined. The assumptions supporting such appraisals are reviewed by management and an independent third-
party appraiser to determine that the resulting values reasonably reflect amounts realizable on the collateral. Based on the
composition of our loan portfolio, we believe the primary risks are increases in interest rates, a decline in the economy
generally, or a decline in real estate market values in New York, New Jersey, or eastern Pennsylvania. Any one or a
combination of these events may adversely affect our loan portfolio resulting in delinquencies, increased credit losses, and
increased credit loss provisions.
Although we believe we have established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at adequate levels, changes
may be necessary if future economic or other conditions differ substantially from our estimation of the current operating
environment. Although management uses the information available, the level of the allowance for credit losses remains an
estimate that is subject to significant judgment and short-term change. In addition, the OCC, as an integral part of their
examination process, will review our allowance for credit losses on loans and may require us to recognize adjustments to the
allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
Allowance for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
We also maintain an allowance for estimated losses on off-balance sheet credit risks related to loan commitments and
standby letters of credit. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve factor in the related
funded loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit
exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding provision is included in other
non-interest expense.
53
Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023 and 2022
Total assets decreased by $2.9 million, or 0.1%, to $5.60 billion at December 31, 2023 compared to December 31,
2022. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $156.7 million, or 16.5%, and a
decrease in loans receivable of $40.0 million, or 0.9%, partially offset by increases in cash and cash equivalents of $183.7
million, or 401.1%, and FHLBNY stock of $9.3 million, or 30.6%.
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $183.7 million, or 401.1%, to $229.5 million at December 31, 2023, from
$45.8 million at December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in Federal Reserve Bank of New York balances driven by
excess cash from borrowings and proceeds from the maturity and calls of available-for-sale securities. Balances fluctuate based
on the timing of receipt of security and loan repayments and the redeployment of cash into higher-yielding assets such as loans
and securities, or the funding of deposit outflows or borrowing maturities. During 2023, management believed it was prudent to
increase balance sheet liquidity given general market volatility and uncertainty.
The Company’s available-for-sale debt securities portfolio decreased by $156.7 million, or 16.5%, to $795.5 million at
December 31, 2023, from $952.2 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to paydowns,
maturities, and calls. At December 31, 2023, $550.6 million of the portfolio consisted of residential mortgage-backed securities
issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. In addition, the Company held $73.9 million in U.S.
Government agency securities, $44.4 million in U.S. Treasuries, $125.8 million in corporate bonds, substantially all of which
were considered investment grade, and $763,000 in municipal bonds at December 31, 2023. Gross unrealized losses, net of tax,
on available-for-sale debt securities and held-to-maturity securities approximated $32.5 million and $279,000, respectively, at
December 31, 2023, and $48.6 million and $332,000, respectively, at December 31, 2022.
Equity securities were $10.6 million at December 31, 2023 and $10.4 million at December 31, 2022. Equity securities
are primarily comprised of an investment in a Small Business Administration Loan Fund. This investment is utilized by the
Bank as part of its Community Reinvestment Act program.
Loans held for investment, net, decreased by $40.0 million to $4.20 billion at December 31, 2023, from $4.24 billion
at December 31, 2022, primarily due to a decrease in multifamily loans, partially offset by an increase in commercial real estate
loans. The Company continues to focus on the credit needs of its customers, and to a lesser extent, the development of new
business notwithstanding the current uncertain economic environment. Multifamily loans decreased $73.6 million, or 2.6%, to
$2.75 billion at December 31, 2023 from $2.82 billion at December 31, 2022, one-to-four family residential loans decreased
$13.1 million, or 7.5%, to $160.8 million at December 31, 2023 from $173.9 million at December 31, 2022, and commercial
and industrial loans decreased $568,000, or 0.4%, to $155.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $154.7 million at
December 31, 2022. Partially offsetting these decreases were increases in commercial real estate loans of $30.3 million, or
3.4%, to $929.6 million at December 31, 2023 from $899.2 million at December 31, 2022, home equity loans of $11.0 million,
or 7.2%, to $163.5 million at December 31, 2023 from $152.6 million at December 31, 2022, and construction and land loans of
$6.0 million, or 24.2%, to $31.0 million at December 31, 2023 from $24.9 million at December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2023, non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans (as defined by regulatory guidance) to
total risk-based capital was estimated at approximately 456%. Management believes that Northfield Bank (the “Bank”) has
implemented appropriate risk management practices, including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and
related procedures, which include monitoring Bank portfolio performance, performing market analysis (economic and real
estate), and stressing of the Bank’s commercial real estate portfolio under severe, adverse economic conditions. Although
management believes the Bank has implemented appropriate policies and procedures to manage its commercial real estate
concentration risk, the Bank’s regulators could require it to implement additional policies and procedures or could require it to
maintain higher levels of regulatory capital, which might adversely affect its loan originations, the Company's ability to pay
dividends, and overall profitability.
At December 31, 2023, office-related loans represented $208.6 million, or approximately 5% of our total loan
portfolio, with an average balance of $1.8 million (although we have originated these type of loans in amounts substantially
greater than this average) and a weighted average loan-to-value ratio of 58%. Approximately 46% were owner-occupied. The
geographic locations of the properties collateralizing our office-related loans are as follows: 54.2% in New York and 45.8% in
New Jersey. At December 31, 2023, our largest office-related loan had a principal balance of $90.0 million (with a net active
principal balance for the Bank of $30.0 million as we have a 33.3% participation interest), was secured by an office facility
located in Staten Island, New York, and was performing in accordance with its original contractual terms.
54
PCD loans totaled $9.9 million and $11.5 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, with the
decrease being primarily due to one loan with a balance of approximately $950,000 which was sold during the quarter ended
December 31, 2023. The majority of the remaining PCD loan balance consists of loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. The Company accreted interest income of $1.3 million attributable to PCD loans for
the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. PCD loans had an
allowance for credit losses of approximately $3.1 million and $3.9 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
respectively.
Bank-owned life insurance increased $3.6 million, or 2.2%, to $171.5 million at December 31, 2023, as compared to
$167.9 million at December 31, 2022. The increase resulted from income earned on bank-owned life insurance for the year
ended December 31, 2023.
FHLBNY stock increased by $9.3 million, or 30.6%, to $39.7 million at December 31, 2023, from $30.4 million at
December 31, 2022. The increase in FHLBNY stock directly correlates with higher short-term borrowing balances at
December 31, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022.
Other assets decreased $5.9 million, or 10.7%, to $48.6 million at December 31, 2023, from $54.4 million at
December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in deferred tax assets primarily due to a decrease in
unrealized losses on the securities available-for-sale portfolio.
Total liabilities remained at $4.90 billion at both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, as a decrease in total
deposits of $271.8 million was largely offset by an increase in FHLB advances and other borrowings of $275.6 million. The
Company routinely utilizes brokered deposits and borrowed funds to manage interest rate risk, the cost of interest-bearing
liabilities, and funding needs related to loan originations and deposit activity.
Deposits decreased $271.8 million, or 6.5%, to $3.88 billion at December 31, 2023, as compared to $4.15 billion at
December 31, 2022. Brokered deposits decreased by $290.0 million, or 74.4%. Deposits, excluding brokered deposits,
increased $18.3 million, or 0.5%. The increase in non-brokered deposits was attributable to increases of $223.7 million in time
deposits and $8.6 million in savings accounts, partially offset by decreases of $58.1 million in transaction accounts and $155.9
million in money market accounts. Estimated gross uninsured deposits at December 31, 2023 were $1.73 billion. This total
excludes fully collateralized uninsured governmental deposits and intercompany deposits of $856.5 million, leaving estimated
uninsured deposits of approximately $869.9 million, or 22.4%, of total deposits.
Borrowed funds increased to $920.5 million at December 31, 2023, from $644.9 million at December 31, 2022. The
increase in borrowings for the period was primarily due to an increase in FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank borrowings of
$275.4 million, including $94.5 million of borrowings under the Federal Reserve Bank's Term Funding Program, which
included favorable terms and conditions as compared to FHLB advances. Management utilizes borrowings to mitigate interest
rate risk, for short-term liquidity, and to a lesser extent from time to time, as part of leverage strategies. During the year ended
December 31, 2023, the Company increased borrowings to pay off higher-rate brokered certificates of deposit.
Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $1.9 million to $699.4 million at December 31, 2023, from $701.4 million at
December 31, 2022. The decrease was attributable to $36.9 million in stock repurchases and $22.8 million in dividend
payments, partially offset by net income of $37.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a $15.9 million reduction in
accumulated other comprehensive loss due to an increase in the fair value of our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, and
a $4.2 million increase in equity award activity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased
approximately 3.1 million of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $11.99 for a total of $36.9 million pursuant to
the approved stock repurchase plans. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $3.1 million in remaining
capacity under its current repurchase program.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Net Income. Net income was $37.7 million and $61.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and
December 31, 2022, respectively. Significant variances from the prior year are as follows: a $33.6 million decrease in net
interest income, a $3.1 million decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans, a $3.9 million increase in non-interest
income, a $6.5 million increase in non-interest expense, and a $9.6 million decrease in income tax expense.
55
Interest Income. Interest income increased $29.1 million, or 16.2%, to $208.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, from $179.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to a 56 basis point increase in
yields on interest-earning assets due to the rising rate environment and a greater percentage of assets consisting of higher-
yielding loans, partially offset by a $26.3 million, or 0.5%, decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets. The
decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets was due to decreases in the average balance of mortgage-backed
securities of $181.5 million and the average balance of other securities of $46.7 million, partially offset by increases in the
average balance of loans outstanding of $171.2 million, the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $18.1 million, and the
average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $12.5 million. The Company accreted interest income
related to PCD loans of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $1.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2022. Fees recognized from PPP loans totaled $31,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to
$1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2023, included loan
prepayment income of $1.6 million as compared to $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $62.7 million, or 293.5%, to $84.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, as compared to $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was due to an increase
in interest expense on deposits of $38.5 million, or 373.8%, an increase in interest expense on borrowings of $22.8 million, or
244.8%, and an increase in interest expense on subordinated debt of $1.5 million. The increase in interest expense on deposits
was attributable to a 131 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits from 0.30% for the year ended
December 31, 2022 to 1.61% for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to rising market interest rates and a shift in the
composition of the deposit portfolio towards higher-costing certificates of deposit. The increase in interest expense on deposits
was partially offset by a $389.1 million, or 11.4%, decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits. The increase in
interest expense on borrowings was attributable to a 133 basis point increase in the average cost of borrowings, and a $481.5
million, or 116.4%, increase in the average balance of borrowings. The increase in interest expense on subordinated debt was
due to the issuance of $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed to floating subordinated notes in June 2022.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2023, decreased $33.6 million, or 21.2%, to
$124.7 million, from $158.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to a 62 basis point decrease in net
interest margin to 2.35% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 2.97% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The
decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increasing faster than the repricing of
interest-earning assets. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by 156 basis points to 2.11% for the year ended
December 31, 2023, from 0.55% for the year ended December 31, 2022, driven primarily by both higher costs of deposits (and
a greater percentage of deposits consisting of higher-costing certificates of deposit) and borrowed funds. The increase in the
cost of interest-bearing liabilities was partially offset by an increase in the yield on interest-earning assets which increased 56
basis points to 3.93% for the year ended December 31, 2023, from 3.37% for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to the
rising rate environment and a greater percentage of assets consisting of higher-yielding loans.
Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses on loans decreased by $3.1 million to a provision of $1.4
million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due
to slower loan growth, a decrease in reserves related to non-economic qualitative loss factors in the multifamily and commercial
real estate portfolios, and a decrease in reserves related to the PCD portfolio, attributable to improved cash flows and a decrease
in PCD loan balances. In addition, there was an improvement in the macroeconomic outlook. The decreases were partially
offset by higher net charge-offs and higher reserves for downgraded commercial and industrial loans. Net charge-offs were $6.4
million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to net charge-offs of $838,000 for the year ended December 31,
2022, due to $6.2 million in charge-offs on small business unsecured commercial and industrial loans. Management continues
to monitor the small business unsecured commercial and industrial loan portfolio, which totaled $37.4 million at December 31,
2023.
Non-interest Income. Non-interest income increased $3.9 million, or 49.0%, to $11.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, from $8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to a $3.9 million increase in mark
to market gains on trading securities, net. For the year ended December 31, 2023, gains on trading securities were $1.7 million,
as compared to losses of $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The trading portfolio is utilized to fund the
Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan
(the “Plan”). The participants of this Plan, at their election, defer a portion of their compensation. Gains and losses on trading
securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities
market values. Therefore, the Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense, reflecting the change
in the Company’s obligations under the Plan.
56
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $6.5 million, or 8.4%, to $83.5 million for the year ended
December 31, 2023, compared to $76.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to a
$4.5 million increase in employee compensation and benefits, primarily attributable to a $3.9 million increase in the mark to
market of the Company's deferred compensation plan expense, which as discussed above has no effect on net income, coupled
with an increase in equity award expense related to awards issued in the first quarter of 2023, annual merit increases, and
severance expense of $440,000, partially offset by a decrease in the accrual for incentive compensation. During the second
quarter of 2023, due to economic conditions, the Company implemented a workforce reduction plan, which included modest
layoffs and the elimination of, and/or not filling, certain open positions. The annual estimated cost savings of this plan is $1.4
million, pre-tax. Data processing expense increased by $723,000, due to continued investments in technology, increased
transaction costs related to an increase in the number of customer accounts and related volume of transactions, and higher
pricing effective January 2023. FDIC insurance expense increased by $924,000 due to higher assessment rates. There was a
$506,000 decrease in the credit loss benefit for off-balance sheet credit exposures due to a benefit of $555,000 recorded during
the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a benefit of $1.1 million for the prior year, attributed to a larger decrease in the
pipeline of loans committed and awaiting closing in the prior year as compared to the current year. Partially offsetting the
increases was a $440,000 decrease in professional fees attributable to higher recruitment, consulting, and outsourcing fees in the
prior year.
Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $14.1 million for the year ended December 31,
2023, compared to $23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, with the decrease due to lower taxable income. The
effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, was 27.2%, compared to 28.0% for the year ended December 31,
2022.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended
December 31, 2021, see “Part II, Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” Comparison of Operating Results, included in our 2022 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.
57
Average Balances and Yields
The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the
years indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as we had no tax-free interest-earning assets during the
years. All average balances are daily average balances based upon amortized costs. Non-accrual loans are included in the
computation of average balances. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that
are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.
2023
2022
2021
For the Years Ended December 31,
Average
Outstanding
Balance
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate
Average
Outstanding
Balance
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate
Average
Outstanding
Balance
Interest
Average
Yield/
Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
$ 4,248,355 $ 181,638
4.28 % $ 4,077,175 $ 160,911
3.95 % $ 3,862,243 $ 158,217
4.10 %
682,416
238,722
40,684
97,975
14,708
5,087
3,113
4,249
2.16
2.13
7.65
4.34
3.93
863,897
12,461
285,385
22,541
85,485
4,325
1,174
817
5,334,483
179,688
1.44
1.52
5.21
0.96
3.37
975,518
10,640
151,495
25,420
164,553
1,965
1,279
197
5,179,229
172,298
1.09
1.30
5.03
0.12
3.33
259,891
$ 5,594,374
299,664
$ 5,478,893
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (1)
Mortgage-backed securities (2)
Other securities (2)
FHLBNY stock
Interest-earning deposits
Total interest-earning assets
5,308,152
208,795
Non-interest-earning assets
Total assets
247,050
$ 5,555,202
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market
accounts
Certificates of deposit
Total interest-bearing deposits
Borrowings
Subordinated debt
Total interest-bearing liabilities
3,990,894
Non-interest-bearing deposits
770,939
Accrued expenses and
other liabilities
Total liabilities
Stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and
stockholders’ equity
$ 2,463,455 $ 30,408
1.23 % $ 2,898,048 $ 3,610
0.12 % $ 2,811,552 $ 3,031
0.11 %
571,041
3,034,496
895,229
61,169
102,563
4,864,396
690,806
18,345
48,753
32,055
3,320
84,128
3.21
1.61
3.58
5.43
2.11
525,557
6,679
3,423,605
10,289
413,697
33,436
9,296
1,797
3,870,738
21,382
1.27
0.30
2.25
5.37
0.55
505,472
3,317,024
3,176
6,207
501,523
10,442
—
—
3,818,547
16,649
0.63
0.19
2.08
—
0.44
907,603
102,807
4,881,148
713,226
812,805
97,385
4,728,737
750,156
$ 5,555,202
$ 5,594,374
$ 5,478,893
Net interest income
Net interest rate spread (3)
Net interest-earning assets (4)
Net interest margin (5)
Average interest-earning assets to
interest-bearing liabilities
$ 1,317,258
$ 124,667
$ 158,306
$ 155,649
$ 1,463,745
1.82 %
2.35 %
133.01 %
$ 1,360,682
2.82 %
2.97 %
137.82 %
2.89 %
3.01 %
135.63 %
(1)
(2)
Includes non-accruing loans. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs, which was not material.
Securities available-for-sale are reported at amortized cost.
(3) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of
interest-bearing liabilities.
(4) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
58
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the years
indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The
volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total
column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which
cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.
Year Ended December 31,
Year Ended December 31,
2023 vs. 2022
2022 vs. 2021
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Total
Increase
Increase (Decrease) Due to
Total
Increase
Volume
Rate
(Decrease)
Volume
Rate
(Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans
Mortgage-backed securities
Other securities
FHLBNY stock
Interest-earning deposits
Total interest-earning assets
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW and money market
accounts
Certificates of deposit
Total deposits
Borrowings
Total interest-bearing liabilities
$
6,944 $
13,783 $
20,727 $
4,493 $
(1,799) $
(1,661)
(514)
1,225
136
6,130
(459)
625
166
16,963
17,129
3,908
1,276
714
3,296
2,247
762
1,939
3,432
22,977
29,107
27,257
11,041
38,298
7,319
45,617
26,798
11,666
38,464
24,282
62,746
(1,001)
1,982
(152)
(46)
5,276
96
110
206
(854)
(648)
2,822
378
47
666
2,114
483
3,393
3,876
1,505
5,381
Change in net interest income
$
(10,999) $
(22,640) $
(33,639) $
5,924 $
(3,267) $
2,694
1,821
2,360
(105)
620
7,390
579
3,503
4,082
651
4,733
2,657
Asset Quality
PCD Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Based on a detailed review of PCD loans and experience in loan workouts, management believes it has a reasonable
expectation about the amount and timing of future cash flows and accordingly has classified PCD loans of $9.9 million at
December 31, 2023 and $11.5 million at December 31, 2022 as accruing, even though they may be contractually past due. At
December 31, 2023, 2.9% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 27.1% were past due 90 days or more, as compared to
6.8% and 23.0%, respectively, at December 31, 2022.
Loans
General. Maintaining loan quality historically has been, and will continue to be, a key element of our business
strategy. We employ conservative underwriting standards for new loan originations and maintain sound credit administration
practices while the loans are outstanding. In addition, substantially all of our loans are secured, predominantly by real estate. At
December 31, 2023, our non-performing loans totaled $11.4 million, or 0.27%, of total loans. At the same time, net charge-offs
have remained low at 0.15% of average loans outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to 0.02% for the
year ended December 31, 2022, and 0.07% for the year ended December 31, 2021.
59
Non-performing Assets and Delinquent Loans. The following table details non-performing assets consisting of non-
performing loans held-for-investment and non-performing loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Non-accrual loans:
Held-for-investment
Non-accruing loans subject to restructuring agreements (1) :
Held-for-investment
Total non-accruing loans held-for-investment
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing:
Held-for-investment
Total non-performing assets
Loans subject to restructuring agreements and still accruing (1)
Accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent
December 31,
2023
2022
$
10,115 $
—
10,115
1,318
11,433 $
— $
8,683 $
$
$
$
6,548
3,265
9,813
425
10,238
3,751
3,644
(1) With the adoption of ASU 2022-02, effective January 1, 2023, TDR accounting has been eliminated.
The following table details non-performing loans by loan type at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total non-accrual loans held-for-investment
Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing held-for-investment
Total non-performing assets
December 31,
2023
2022
2,709 $
6,491
104
499
305
7
10,115
201 $
—
406
711
—
—
1,318
11,433 $
3,285
5,184
118
262
964
—
9,813
233
8
155
—
24
5
425
10,238
$
$
$
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no assets acquired through foreclosure.
Generally, loans, excluding PCD loans, are placed on non-accruing status when they become 90 days or more
delinquent, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under
the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans
may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the recognition and measure of
troubled debt restructurings and enhanced disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
Information on loan modifications prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023 is presented in accordance with the
applicable accounting standards in effect at that time. At December 31, 2023, total non-performing loans included $236,000 of
modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and $3.3 million of TDR loans that existed prior to adoption of
ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023.
60
The following table sets forth the total amounts of delinquencies for accruing loans that were 30 to 89 days past due by
type and by amount at the dates indicated (in thousands):
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial loans
Other loans
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
740 $
1,010
3,339
817
2,767
10
8,683 $
189
900
672
830
1,048
5
3,644
The majority of the loans past due in the one-to-four family residential and home equity and lines of credit portfolios
were due to loans past due 30 days at December 31, 2023, which then became current subsequent to the quarter end, therefore
management does not believe the increase in delinquencies in these portfolios is an indicator of credit deterioration. The
increase in the commercial and industrial loan delinquencies was primarily due to an increase in delinquencies in unsecured
small business loans, attributable to a combination of rising interest rates and a slowdown in business. Unsecured small
business loans totaled $37.4 million and $43.3 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Management continues to monitor the small business unsecured commercial and industrial loan portfolio.
Loans Subject to TDR Agreements prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02
Included in non-accruing loans were loans subject to TDR agreements totaling $3.3 million at December 31, 2022. At
December 31, 2022, three of the non-accruing TDRs totaling $547,000 were not performing in accordance with their
restructured terms. Two of the loans totaling $477,000 were collateralized by real estate with an appraised value of $2.4 million.
A third loan in the amount of $70,000 was an unsecured commercial and industrial loan, which had a specific reserve against it.
The Company also held loans subject to TDR agreements that were on accrual status totaling $3.8 million at December
31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, $3.6 million, or 94.8%, of the $3.8 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were
performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Generally, the types of concessions that we make to troubled borrowers
include both temporary and permanent reductions to interest rates, extensions of payment terms, and, to a lesser extent,
forgiveness of principal and interest.
The following table details the amounts and categories of the loans subject to restructuring agreements by loan type as
of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Real estate loans:
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Multifamily
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial loans
At December 31,
2022
Non-Accruing
Accruing
$
$
3,069
—
126
—
70
3,265
$
$
3,034
666
—
27
24
3,751
Performing in accordance with restructured terms
83.2 %
94.8 %
61
Allowance for Credit Losses
On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL standard and as a result of the adoption recorded a $10.4 million
increase to its allowance for credit losses on loans, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For further discussion of the
calculation of the allowance for credit losses, see “—Critical Accounting Policies—Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.”
The allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans decreased from 416.26% at December 31, 2022 to 328.30% at
December 31, 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $5.1 million, or 11.9%, in the allowance for
credit losses as well as an increase in non-performing loans of $1.2 million, from $10.2 million at December 31, 2022 to $11.4
million at December 31, 2023.
The Company utilizes external appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral in its analysis of
impaired loans. A third-party appraisal is generally ordered as soon as a loan is designated as an impaired loan and updated
annually, or more frequently if required. Generally, non-performing loans are charged down to the appraised value of collateral
less costs to sell for collateral-dependent loans and to the present value of the expected future cash flows for non-collateral
dependent loans, which reduces the ratio of the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans. Downward adjustments to
appraisal values, primarily to reflect “quick sale” discounts, are generally recorded as specific reserves within the allowance for
credit losses.
The allowance for credit losses to total loans held-for-investment, net, was 0.89% at December 31, 2023, as compared
to 1.00% at December 31, 2022. The decrease in the coverage ratio from December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to a
decrease of $5.1 million, or 11.9%, in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023, offset by
a decrease in the loan portfolio of $40.0 million, or 0.9%. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses during the year was
primarily attributable to slower loan growth, a decrease in reserves related to non-economic qualitative loss factors in the
multifamily and commercial real estate portfolios, and a decrease in reserves related to the PCD portfolio, attributable to
improved cash flows and a decrease in PCD loan balances.
Specific reserves on loans individually evaluated for impairment increased by $7,000 to $45,200 at December 31,
2023 from $38,200 at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company had 19 loans classified as individually
impaired and recorded $45,200 of specific reserves on four of the 19 impaired loans. At December 31, 2022, the Company had
20 loans classified as individually impaired and recorded $38,200 of specific reserves on four of the 20 impaired loans.
62
The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses, by loan type, at December 31, for the years
indicated (in thousands):
Real estate loans
Commercial (1)
One-to-four
Family
Residential
Construction
and Land
Home
Equity and
Lines of
Credit
Commercial
and
Industrial
Other
PCD
Total
Allowance
for Credit
Losses
2020
$
33,005 $
207 $
1,214 $
260 $
1,842 $
198 $
881 $
37,607
Impact of CECL
Adjustment
Balance at January 1,
2021
(Benefit)/provision for
credit losses
Recoveries
Charge-offs
2021
Provision/(benefit) for
credit losses
Recoveries
Charge-offs
2022
(Benefit)/provision for
credit losses
Recoveries
Charge-offs
2023
(1,949)
5,233
31,056
5,440
(921)
293
419
679
(4,331)
(1,903)
(124)
(145)
60
—
29
(21)
26,785
3,545
2,876
102
(278)
359
32
—
29,485
3,936
(6,301)
(651)
71
—
—
—
—
—
169
155
—
—
324
(175)
—
—
26
—
560
287
19
—
866
838
1
—
947
(188)
6,812
10,353
2,789
991
39
(646)
3,173
1,243
144
(446)
4,114
8,445
63
(6,572)
10
(3)
5
(3)
9
(12)
12
—
9
(3)
—
—
7,693
47,960
(669)
119
(2,411)
4,732
(426)
178
(601)
3,883
(800)
10
(8)
(6,184)
278
(3,081)
38,973
4,482
487
(1,325)
42,617
1,353
145
(6,580)
$
23,255 $
3,285 $
149 $
1,705 $
6,050 $
6 $
3,085 $
37,535
(1)
Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded net charge-offs of $6.4 million, as compared to net
charge-offs of $838,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022, and net charge-offs of $2.8 million for the year ended
December 31, 2021. Charge-offs in 2023 were primarily related to small business unsecured commercial and industrial loans.
Charge-offs in 2022 and 2021 were primarily related to PCD loans and small business unsecured commercial and industrial
loans. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses from 2022 to 2023 for commercial real estate loans was primarily
attributable to a decrease in loan balances and a decrease in reserves related to non-economic qualitative loss factors in the
multifamily and commercial real estate portfolios. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses in the one-to-four family
residential and construction and land loan portfolios was primarily related to a decrease in loan balances. The decrease in the
allowance for credit losses for PCD loans was primarily attributable to a decrease in the PCD loan balances and an
improvement in cash flows. Allowance for credit losses allocated to the home equity and lines of credit and commercial and
industrial loan portfolios increased from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to risk
rating downgrades in those portfolios.
63
Management of Market Risk
General. A majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of
market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage-related securities, other securities and bonds and
loans, generally have longer maturities than our liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits and wholesale borrowings. As a
result, a principal part of our business strategy involves managing interest rate risk and limiting the exposure of our net interest
income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established a Management Asset-Liability
Committee (“MALCO”), comprised of our SVP & Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, who chairs this Committee, our
President & Chief Executive Officer, our EVP & Chief Risk Officer, our EVP & Chief Financial Officer, our EVP & Chief
Lending Officer, our EVP & Chief Branch Administration, Deposit Operations & Business Development Officer, and our SVP
& Director of Marketing, and other officers and staff as necessary or appropriate. This committee is responsible for, among
other things, evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for recommending to the Risk Committee of
our Board of Directors (“Risk Committee”) the level of risk that is appropriate given our business strategy, operating
environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved
by the Board of Directors.
We seek to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in
interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we currently use the following strategies to manage our
interest rate risk:
•
•
•
originating multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans that generally have shorter maturities than one-to-
four family residential real estate loans and have higher interest rates that generally reset from five to ten years;
investing in investment grade corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities; and
obtaining general financing through lower-cost core deposits, brokered deposits, and longer-term FHLB advances,
borrowings under the BTFP, and repurchase agreements.
Shortening the average term of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term assets, as well as
originating loans with variable interest rates, helps to match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities better,
thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.
Net Portfolio Value Analysis. We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (net
portfolio value or NPV) would change in the event market interest rates changed over an assumed range of rates. Our
simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis to measure the interest rate sensitivity of our NPV. Depending on current
market interest rates, we estimate the economic value of these assets and liabilities under the assumption that interest rates
experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100, 200, 300, or 400
basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and
100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point
increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.
Net Interest Income Analysis. In addition to NPV calculations, we analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates
through our net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our
interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits
and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for a twelve-month period. Depending on
current market interest rates we then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumption
that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100
and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment.
64
The following tables set forth, as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our calculation of the estimated
changes in our NPV, NPV ratio, and percent change in net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous
and sustained changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands). Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate
changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit
repricing characteristics including decay rates, and correlations to movements in interest rates, and should not be relied on as
indicative of actual results.
NPV at December 31, 2023
Change in
Interest Rates
(basis points)
Estimated
Present Value
of Assets
Estimated
Present Value
of Liabilities
Estimated
NPV
Estimated
Change In
NPV
Estimated
Change in
NPV %
Estimated
NPV/Present
Value of
Assets Ratio
Next 12 Months
Net Interest
Income Percent
Change
Months 13-24
Net Interest
Income Percent
Change
+400
+300
+200
+100
—
(100)
(200)
(300)
(400)
$ 4,845,088 $ 4,222,267 $ 622,821 $ (139,446)
(18.29) %
4,945,428
4,292,831
652,597
(109,670)
(14.39) %
5,060,164
4,366,834
5,174,386
4,444,681
5,289,153
4,526,886
5,410,037
4,618,015
5,531,944
4,714,497
5,653,051
4,818,672
5,815,435
4,954,580
693,330
729,705
762,267
792,022
817,447
834,379
860,855
(68,937)
(9.04) %
(32,562)
(4.27) %
—
29,755
55,180
72,112
98,588
— %
3.90 %
7.24 %
9.46 %
12.93 %
12.85 %
13.20 %
13.70 %
14.10 %
14.41 %
14.64 %
14.78 %
14.76 %
14.80 %
(20.93) %
(15.79) %
(9.91) %
(4.52) %
— %
2.73 %
4.51 %
4.39 %
4.19 %
(5.16) %
(4.31) %
(1.91) %
(0.49) %
— %
(1.32) %
(4.34) %
(9.12) %
(9.12) %
The table above indicates that at December 31, 2023, in the event of a 400 basis point decrease in interest rates, we
would experience a 12.93% increase in estimated net portfolio value, a 4.19% increase in net interest income in year one, and a
9.12% decrease in net income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience an
18.29% decrease in estimated net portfolio value, a 20.93% decrease in net interest income in year one and a 5.16% decrease in
net interest income in year two.
NPV at December 31, 2022
Change in
Interest Rates
(basis points)
Estimated
Present Value
of Assets
Estimated
Present Value
of Liabilities
Estimated
NPV
Estimated
Change In
NPV
Estimated
Change in
NPV %
Estimated
NPV/Present
Value of
Assets Ratio
Next 12 Months
Net Interest
Income Percent
Change
Months 13-24
Net Interest
Income Percent
Change
+400
+300
+200
+100
—
(100)
(200)
(300)
(400)
$ 4,850,423 $ 4,057,885 $ 792,538 $ (227,578)
(22.31) %
4,967,247
4,126,616
840,631
(179,485)
(17.59) %
5,106,889
4,198,831
908,058
(112,058)
(10.98) %
5,244,669
4,274,947
969,722
(50,394)
(4.94) %
5,375,689
4,355,573
1,020,116
5,503,211
4,464,131
1,039,080
5,626,336
4,586,245
1,040,091
5,749,256
4,717,723
1,031,533
5,912,105
4,859,064
1,053,041
—
18,964
19,975
11,417
32,925
— %
1.86 %
1.96 %
1.12 %
3.23 %
16.34 %
16.92 %
17.78 %
18.49 %
18.98 %
18.88 %
18.49 %
17.94 %
17.81 %
(25.83) %
(19.51) %
(12.01) %
(5.33) %
— %
0.76 %
0.00 %
(0.29) %
(0.63) %
(11.03) %
(8.90) %
(4.41) %
(1.19) %
— %
(3.80) %
(8.91) %
(11.15) %
(13.15) %
The table above indicates that at December 31, 2022, in the event of a 400 basis point decrease in interest rates, we
would experience a 3.23% increase in estimated net portfolio value, a 0.63% decrease in net interest income in year one and a
13.15% decrease in net income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience a
22.31% decrease in estimated net portfolio value, a 25.83% decrease in net interest income in year one and an 11.03% decrease
in net interest income in year two.
Our policies provide that, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less in interest rates, our net present value ratio
should decrease by no more than 300 basis points and 10%, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our net
present value should decrease by no more than 475 basis points and 35%. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less, our
projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 10% in year one and 20% in year two, and in the event of a 400
basis point increase or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 39% in year one and 26% in year
two. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all Board-approved policies with respect to
interest rate risk management.
65
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in net
portfolio value and net interest income. Our model requires us to make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the
manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. However, we also apply consistent parallel
yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts
occurred gradually. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the asset and liability repricing analysis based on changes in
prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts. In addition, the net portfolio value and net interest income
information presented assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a
period remains constant over the period being measured and assume that a particular change in interest rates is reflected
uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although
interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such
measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our
net portfolio value or net interest income and will differ from actual results.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Board of Directors of the Bank has approved a liquidity policy that it reviews and updates at least annually. Senior
management is responsible for implementing the policy. The MALCO is responsible for general oversight and strategic
implementation of the policy and management of the appropriate departments are designated responsibility for implementing
any strategies established by MALCO. Senior management receives, at least daily, cash position reports and monthly cash
forecasts to ensure that all short-term obligations are timely satisfied and that adequate liquidity exists to fund activities.
Reports detailing the Bank's liquidity reserves are presented to appropriate senior management on at least a quarterly basis, and
the Risk Committee at each of its meetings. In addition, a twelve-month liquidity forecast is presented to MALCO in order to
assess potential future liquidity scenarios. A forecast of cash flow data for the upcoming twelve months is presented to the Risk
Committee on a quarterly basis.
Liquidity is the ability to fund assets and meet obligations as they come due. Our primary sources of funds consist of
deposit inflows, loan repayments, borrowings through repurchase agreements, advances from money center banks, the
FHLBNY, the Federal Reserve Bank, and repayments, maturities and sales of securities. While maturities and scheduled
amortization of loans and securities are reasonably predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, mortgage prepayments and
security sales are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our Risk Committee is
responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists
for meeting the borrowing needs and withdrawals of deposits by our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We seek
to maintain a ratio of liquid assets (not subject to pledge or encumbered) as a percentage of deposits and borrowings of 35% or
greater. At December 31, 2023, this ratio was 39.23%.
Systemic events of March 2023 impacted liquidity in the overall banking system, particularly for mid-size and regional
banks. Management took a number of actions to enhance Northfield’s liquidity management, including monitoring daily deposit
inflows and outflows, temporarily increasing the amount of cash held on the balance sheet, maximizing investment securities
available for pledge for borrowers, and executing strategies to grow our retail time deposit portfolio. Additionally, on March 12,
2023, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System created the BTFP, which aims to enhance liquidity by allowing
institutions to pledge certain securities at par value, and at pay a borrowing rate of ten basis points over the one-year overnight
index swap rate. The BTFP is available to eligible U.S. federally insured depository institutions, with advances having a term of
up to one year and no prepayment penalties. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed $94.5 million under the
BTFP. We believe that we had sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs at December 31,
2023.
We regularly adjust our investments in liquid assets based on our assessment of:
•
•
•
•
expected loan demand;
expected deposit flows;
yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities; and
the objectives of our asset/liability management program.
66
Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents, corporate bonds, and unpledged mortgage-related securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac, that we can either borrow against or sell. We also
have the ability to surrender bank-owned life insurance contracts. The surrender of these contracts would subject the Company
to income taxes and penalties for increases in the cash surrender values over the original premium payments. We also have the
ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank, utilizing unencumbered and unpledged securities
and multifamily loans if a need for additional funds arises. Any amount pledged for such deposits under the line of credit
reduces the Company's available borrowing amount under the FHLB advance agreement. The Company continues to maintain
an adequate liquidity position and expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course
of business.
The Company has a diversified deposit base, with long-standing client relationships across multiple customer segments
providing stable funding. Government deposits are collateralized by assets or letters of credit issued by the FHLBNY.
Uninsured deposits (excluding fully collateralized uninsured governmental deposits and intercompany deposits of $856.5
million) are estimated at approximately $869.9 million, or 22.4%, of total deposits as of December 31, 2023.
The Company had the following primary sources of liquidity at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Cash and cash equivalents(1)
Corporate bonds(2)
Multifamily loans(2)
Mortgage-backed securities (issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac)(2)
$
$
$
$
215,617
110,914
930,990
382,787
(1) Excludes $13.9 million of cash at Northfield Bank.
(2) Represents remaining borrowing potential.
At December 31, 2023, we had $7.0 million in outstanding loan commitments. In addition, we had $292.7 million in
unused lines of credit to borrowers. Certificates of deposit due within one year of December 31, 2023 totaled $635.8 million, or
16.4% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including
loan sales, securities sales, other deposit products, including replacement or brokered certificates of deposit, securities sold
under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), and advances from the FHLBNY and other borrowing
sources. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or other borrowings than we
currently pay on the certificates of deposit. Based on experience, we believe that a significant portion of such deposits will
remain with us, and we have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.
We have a detailed contingency funding plan that is reviewed and reported to the Risk Committee at least
quarterly. This plan includes monitoring cash on a daily basis to determine the liquidity needs of Northfield Bank. Additionally,
management performs a stress test on Northfield Bank’s retail deposits and wholesale funding sources in several scenarios on a
quarterly basis. The stress scenarios include deposit attrition of up to 50%, and selling our securities available-for-sale portfolio
at a discount of 20% to its current estimated fair value and its impact on capital levels. Northfield Bank continues to maintain
significant liquidity under all stress scenarios.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. is a separate legal entity from Northfield Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to fund
dividend payments, stock repurchases, and other corporate items. The Company’s primary source of liquidity is the receipt of
dividend payments from the Bank in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2023, Northfield
Bancorp, Inc. (unconsolidated) had liquid assets of $29.2 million.
Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. are both subject to various regulatory capital requirements, including a
risk-based capital measure. The risk-based capital guidelines include both a definition of capital and a framework for
calculating risk-weighted assets by assigning assets and off-balance sheet items to broad risk categories. At December 31, 2023,
both Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. exceeded all regulatory capital requirements and are considered “well
capitalized” under regulatory guidelines. See “Item 1. Business - Supervision and Regulation” and Note 15 of the Notes to the
consolidated financial statements.
67
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-
balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit, and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations
represent our potential future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without
being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process applicable to loans we
originate. In addition, we routinely enter into commitments to sell mortgage loans. Such amounts are not significant to our
operations. For additional information, see Note 14 of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
ASU No. 2023-07. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280):
Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU require improved reportable segment
information on an annual and interim basis, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This
update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.
ASU No. 2023-09. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740):
Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The amendments in the this ASU require improved annual income tax disclosures
surrounding rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update will be effective for financial statements
issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating
the impact of this standard on the consolidated financial statements.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. U.S.
GAAP generally requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without
consideration for changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The effect of inflation is
reflected in the increased cost of our operations. Unlike industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in
nature. As a result, changes in market interest rates have a greater effect on our performance than inflation.
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
For information regarding market risk see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions
and Results of Operations - Management of Market Risk.”
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
68
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Stockholders and Board of Directors
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Woodbridge, New Jersey
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company")
as of December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and
cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements").
We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria
established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the
Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company
maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on
criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the
accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
69
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The
communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole,
and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on
the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Allowance for Credit Losses – Forecast Adjustments to Allowance for Credit Loss on Loans
As described in Note 1 and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for credit losses under ASC
326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. ASC 326 requires the measurement of expected lifetime credit losses for financial
assets measured at amortized cost at the reporting date. As of December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on
loans was $37,535,000.
The Company determines the ACL on loans based upon a consideration of its historical portfolio loss experience, current
borrower-specific risk characteristics, current conditions, forecasts of future economic conditions, reversion period,
prepayments, and qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a collective (loan segment) basis when similar risk
characteristics exist.
In estimating the quantitative component of the ACL on a collective basis, a risk rating migration model is used which
calculates an expected life of loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default
metrics. These metrics are multiplied by the exposure at default, taking into consideration prepayments, to calculate the
quantitative component of the allowance. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company utilizes five
externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics to incorporate uncertainties related to
the economic environment. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed statistical analyses.
Each scenario is assigned a weighting. The result from this process is the development of forecast adjustments.
We identified auditing the forecasting adjustment component of the ACL on pooled loans as a critical audit matter due to the
high degree of judgment and audit effort, including the use of specialists, involved in auditing the forecasting adjustments.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:
a. Testing the effectiveness of controls over the evaluation of the forecasting adjustment component of the ACL on
pooled loans, including controls addressing the:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Appropriateness of the methodology and accounting policies.
Relevance of macro-economic forecasts and application of forecast adjustments to historical performance.
Appropriateness of forecast adjustments.
Accuracy of key inputs into the model.
a. Substantively testing management’s process, including evaluating their judgments and assumptions, for developing the
forecast adjustments, which included:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Evaluating the appropriateness of the Company’s accounting policies, judgments, and elections.
Testing the accuracy of key inputs into the model.
Evaluating the reasonableness of forecasted economic scenarios, assisted by firm specialists.
Testing the application of forecast adjustments to historical performance, assisted by firm specialists,
including whether the forecast adjustments conform with management’s policies and were applied
consistently period over period.
Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments related to the forecast.
/s/ CROWE LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.
Livingston, New Jersey
February 29, 2024
70
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as
of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash
flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the
consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of
the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the
Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement,
whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the
consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have not been able to determine the specific year that we began serving as the Company’s auditor; however, we are aware
that we have served as the Company’s auditor from at least 1967 to 2023.
Short Hills, New Jersey
March 1, 2023
71
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions
Total cash and cash equivalents
Trading securities
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (and no allowance for credit losses at
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022)
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost
(estimated fair value of $9,586 at December 31, 2023, and $10,389 at December 31, 2022)
Equity securities
Loans held-for-investment, net
Allowance for credit losses
Net loans held-for-investment
Accrued interest receivable
Bank-owned life insurance
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of New York stock, at cost
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Premises and equipment, net
Goodwill
Other assets
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
LIABILITIES:
Deposits
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
FHLB advances and other borrowings
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs
Operating lease liabilities
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total liabilities
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 64,770,875 shares issued at
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, 44,524,929 and 47,442,488 shares outstanding at
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Additional paid-in-capital
Unallocated common stock held by employee stock ownership plan
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
$
$
At December 31,
2023
2022
(Dollars in thousands, except
share data)
13,889 $
215,617
229,506
12,549
795,464
9,866
10,629
4,203,654
(37,535)
4,166,119
18,491
171,543
39,667
30,202
24,771
41,012
48,577
5,598,396 $
14,530
31,269
45,799
10,751
952,173
10,760
10,443
4,243,693
(42,617)
4,201,076
17,426
167,912
30,382
34,288
24,844
41,012
54,427
5,601,293
3,878,435 $
25,000
834,272
61,219
35,205
25,102
39,718
4,898,951
4,150,219
25,000
558,859
60,996
39,790
25,995
39,044
4,899,903
—
—
648
590,973
(14,340)
433,227
(32,442)
648
590,249
(15,650)
418,353
(48,331)
Treasury stock at cost; 20,245,946 and 17,328,387 shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively
Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
(278,621)
699,445
5,598,396 $
(243,879)
701,390
5,601,293
$
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
72
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Interest income:
Loans
Mortgage-backed securities
Other securities
FHLB of New York dividends
Deposits in other financial institutions
Total interest income
Interest expense:
Deposits
Borrowings
Subordinated debt
Total interest expense
Net interest income
Provision (benefit) for credit losses
Years ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per
share data)
$
181,638 $ 160,911 $
158,217
14,708
12,461
10,640
5,087
3,113
4,249
4,325
1,174
817
1,965
1,279
197
208,795
179,688
172,298
48,753
32,055
3,320
84,128
124,667
1,353
10,289
9,296
1,797
21,382
158,306
4,482
6,207
10,442
—
16,649
155,649
(6,184)
Net interest income after provision (benefit) for credit losses
123,314
153,824
161,833
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges for customer services
Income on bank-owned life insurance
(Losses) gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net
Gains (losses) on trading securities, net
Gains on sale of loans
Other
Total non-interest income
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits
Occupancy
Furniture and equipment
Data processing
Professional fees
Advertising
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance
Credit loss (benefit) expense for off-balance sheet exposures
Other
Total non-interest expense
Income before income tax expense
Income tax expense
Net income
Net income per common share:
Basic
Diluted
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
5,479
3,631
(17)
1,721
134
948
11,896
46,496
13,259
1,868
8,138
3,406
2,171
2,331
5,705
3,414
279
(2,206)
453
338
7,983
41,961
13,241
1,730
7,415
3,846
2,159
1,407
(555)
(1,061)
6,336
83,450
51,760
14,091
6,250
76,948
84,859
23,740
5,394
4,103
1,495
1,703
1,401
357
14,453
43,677
13,956
1,737
6,784
3,596
2,358
1,365
307
5,379
79,159
97,127
26,473
$
$
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
0.86 $
0.86 $
1.32 $
1.32 $
1.46
1.45
43,560,844
46,234,122
48,416,495
43,638,616
46,438,119
48,754,263
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
73
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - (Continued)
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses)
Years ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands)
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
22,396
(69,876)
(13,916)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net losses (gains) included in net income
17
(279)
(1,495)
Net unrealized gains (losses)
Post-retirement benefits adjustment
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
Income tax (expense) benefit related to net unrealized holding gains (losses) on debt securities
available-for-sale
Income tax (benefit) expense related to reclassification adjustment for (losses) gains included
in net income
Income tax expense (benefit) related to post-retirement benefits adjustment
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income
22,413
(70,155)
(15,411)
(344)
172
—
22,069
(69,983)
(15,411)
(6,269)
19,558
3,895
(5)
94
79
(48)
419
—
15,889
(50,394)
(11,097)
$
53,558 $
10,725 $
59,557
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
74
l
a
t
o
T
'
s
r
e
d
l
o
h
k
c
o
t
S
y
t
i
u
q
E
y
r
u
s
a
e
r
T
k
c
o
t
S
d
e
t
a
l
u
m
u
c
c
A
r
e
h
t
O
e
v
i
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
C
t
e
N
)
s
s
o
l
(
e
m
o
c
n
I
x
a
t
f
o
d
e
n
i
a
t
e
R
s
g
n
i
n
r
a
E
d
e
t
a
c
o
l
l
a
n
U
k
c
o
t
S
n
o
m
m
o
C
e
h
t
y
b
d
l
e
H
k
c
o
t
S
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
E
n
a
l
P
p
i
h
s
r
e
n
w
O
l
a
n
o
i
t
i
d
d
A
l
a
t
i
p
a
C
n
i
-
d
i
a
P
e
u
l
a
V
r
a
P
s
e
r
a
h
S
g
n
i
d
n
a
t
s
t
u
O
k
c
o
t
S
n
o
m
m
o
C
)
a
t
a
d
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
d
n
a
e
r
a
h
s
t
p
e
c
x
e
,
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
n
i
s
r
a
l
l
o
D
(
1
2
0
2
d
n
a
2
2
0
2
,
3
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
d
e
d
n
e
s
r
a
e
y
e
h
t
r
o
F
S
E
I
R
A
I
D
I
S
B
U
S
D
N
A
.
C
N
I
,
P
R
O
C
N
A
B
D
L
E
I
F
H
T
R
O
N
y
t
i
u
q
E
’
s
r
e
d
l
o
h
k
c
o
t
S
n
i
s
e
g
n
a
h
C
f
o
s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S
d
e
t
a
d
i
l
o
s
n
o
C
1
8
9
,
3
5
7
$
)
7
9
8
,
9
6
1
(
$
0
6
1
,
3
1
$
3
9
0
,
8
3
3
$
)
9
2
5
,
8
1
(
$
6
0
5
,
0
9
5
$
8
4
6
$
7
9
8
,
9
0
2
,
2
5
0
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
)
7
8
0
,
3
(
4
5
6
,
0
7
4
9
8
,
0
5
7
)
7
9
0
,
1
1
(
—
—
4
9
9
9
4
6
,
2
9
0
4
,
3
)
9
9
2
,
4
2
(
)
1
2
3
,
3
5
(
9
1
1
,
1
6
3
8
8
,
9
3
7
)
4
9
3
,
0
5
(
—
—
5
7
3
,
2
3
5
7
,
1
2
6
6
,
1
)
7
2
1
,
4
2
(
)
1
8
8
,
0
3
(
0
9
3
,
1
0
7
9
6
6
,
7
3
9
8
8
,
5
1
2
8
9
,
1
3
8
3
,
2
—
—
0
0
1
)
5
9
7
,
2
2
(
)
4
0
3
(
)
9
6
8
,
6
3
(
5
4
4
,
9
9
6
)
7
9
8
,
9
6
1
(
0
6
1
,
3
1
)
7
9
0
,
1
1
(
1
2
8
,
1
)
8
7
1
(
2
7
4
,
4
)
1
2
3
,
3
5
(
0
)
3
0
1
,
7
1
2
(
)
3
9
2
(
4
8
4
,
2
4
1
9
,
1
)
1
8
8
,
0
3
(
)
9
7
8
,
3
4
2
(
)
6
4
3
(
7
0
1
0
7
6
,
2
)
4
0
3
(
)
9
6
8
,
6
3
(
3
6
0
,
2
)
4
9
3
,
0
5
(
)
1
3
3
,
8
4
(
9
8
8
,
5
1
)
7
8
0
,
3
(
4
5
6
,
0
7
6
0
0
,
5
3
3
)
9
9
2
,
4
2
(
9
1
1
,
1
6
1
6
3
,
1
8
3
)
7
2
1
,
4
2
(
9
6
6
,
7
3
3
5
3
,
8
1
4
)
5
9
7
,
2
2
(
)
9
2
5
,
8
1
(
6
0
5
,
0
9
5
8
4
6
7
9
8
,
9
0
2
,
2
5
1
7
4
,
1
4
9
9
8
7
1
,
1
)
1
2
8
,
1
(
8
7
1
)
3
6
0
,
1
(
)
8
5
0
,
7
1
(
2
7
9
,
9
8
5
8
4
6
8
0
4
,
1
7
6
9
3
5
7
,
1
)
4
8
4
,
2
(
3
9
2
)
2
5
2
(
0
1
3
,
1
2
7
6
3
8
3
,
2
)
0
7
6
,
2
(
)
7
(
6
4
3
)
0
5
6
,
5
1
(
9
4
2
,
0
9
5
8
4
6
)
0
8
2
,
3
1
(
5
1
3
,
7
4
1
1
0
5
,
5
6
2
)
0
0
7
,
2
4
3
,
3
(
3
3
7
,
6
6
2
,
9
4
6
1
4
,
7
5
1
)
5
1
4
,
0
2
(
1
1
9
,
0
3
1
)
7
5
1
,
2
9
0
,
2
(
8
8
4
,
2
4
4
,
7
4
)
7
8
8
,
3
2
(
7
6
3
,
5
8
1
0
0
6
,
7
)
7
0
3
,
2
1
(
d
e
s
a
e
l
e
r
e
b
o
t
d
e
t
t
i
m
m
o
c
r
o
d
e
t
a
c
o
l
l
a
s
e
r
a
h
s
P
O
S
E
x
a
t
f
o
t
e
n
,
s
s
o
l
e
v
i
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
r
e
h
t
O
U
S
A
f
o
n
o
i
t
p
o
d
a
r
o
f
t
n
e
m
t
s
u
j
d
a
e
v
i
t
a
l
u
m
u
C
1
2
0
2
,
1
y
r
a
u
n
a
J
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
)
”
L
C
E
C
“
(
3
1
-
6
1
0
2
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
k
c
o
t
S
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
c
n
a
u
s
s
I
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
s
e
r
u
t
i
e
f
r
o
F
t
e
n
,
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
k
c
o
t
s
f
o
e
s
i
c
r
e
x
E
)
e
r
a
h
s
n
o
m
m
o
c
r
e
p
0
5
.
0
$
(
d
e
r
a
l
c
e
d
s
d
n
e
d
i
v
i
d
h
s
a
C
)
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
1
9
.
5
1
$
f
o
t
s
o
c
e
g
a
r
e
v
a
(
k
c
o
t
s
y
r
u
s
a
e
r
T
d
e
s
a
e
l
e
r
e
b
o
t
d
e
t
t
i
m
m
o
c
r
o
d
e
t
a
c
o
l
l
a
s
e
r
a
h
s
P
O
S
E
1
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
x
a
t
f
o
t
e
n
,
s
s
o
l
e
v
i
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
r
e
h
t
O
75
)
e
r
a
h
s
n
o
m
m
o
c
r
e
p
2
5
.
0
$
(
d
e
r
a
l
c
e
d
s
d
n
e
d
i
v
i
d
h
s
a
C
)
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
2
7
.
4
1
$
f
o
t
s
o
c
e
g
a
r
e
v
a
(
k
c
o
t
s
y
r
u
s
a
e
r
T
d
e
s
a
e
l
e
r
e
b
o
t
d
e
t
t
i
m
m
o
c
r
o
d
e
t
a
c
o
l
l
a
s
e
r
a
h
s
P
O
S
E
x
a
t
f
o
t
e
n
,
e
m
o
c
n
i
e
v
i
s
n
e
h
e
r
p
m
o
c
r
e
h
t
O
2
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
e
m
o
c
n
i
t
e
N
)
e
r
a
h
s
n
o
m
m
o
c
r
e
p
2
5
.
0
$
(
d
e
r
a
l
c
e
d
s
d
n
e
d
i
v
i
d
h
s
a
C
d
n
u
f
o
t
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
e
e
y
o
l
p
m
e
f
o
g
n
i
d
l
o
h
h
t
i
w
x
a
t
e
s
a
h
c
r
u
P
y
r
o
t
u
t
a
t
s
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
k
c
o
t
S
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
c
n
a
u
s
s
I
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
s
e
r
u
t
i
e
f
r
o
F
t
e
n
,
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
k
c
o
t
s
f
o
e
s
i
c
r
e
x
E
e
s
n
e
p
x
e
n
o
i
t
a
s
n
e
p
m
o
c
k
c
o
t
S
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
e
c
n
a
u
s
s
I
k
c
o
t
s
d
e
t
c
i
r
t
s
e
r
f
o
s
e
r
u
t
i
e
f
r
o
F
t
e
n
,
s
n
o
i
t
p
o
k
c
o
t
s
f
o
e
s
i
c
r
e
x
E
)
2
3
3
,
4
7
0
,
3
(
)
e
r
a
h
s
r
e
p
9
9
.
1
1
$
f
o
t
s
o
c
e
g
a
r
e
v
a
(
k
c
o
t
s
y
r
u
s
a
e
r
T
.
s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
s
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
i
f
d
e
t
a
d
i
l
o
s
n
o
c
o
t
s
e
t
o
n
g
n
i
y
n
a
p
m
o
c
c
a
e
e
S
$
)
1
2
6
,
8
7
2
(
$
)
2
4
4
,
2
3
(
$
7
2
2
,
3
3
4
$
)
0
4
3
,
4
1
(
$
3
7
9
,
0
9
5
$
8
4
6
$
9
2
9
,
4
2
5
,
4
4
3
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
e
c
n
a
l
a
B
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
2023
Years Ended December 31,
2022
(Dollars in thousands)
2021
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision (benefit) for credit losses
ESOP and stock compensation expense
Depreciation
Amortization of premiums and deferred loan costs, net of accretion of discounts and
deferred loan fees
Amortization of debt issuance costs
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets
Income on bank-owned life insurance
Net gain on sale of loans held-for-sale
Proceeds from loans held-for-sale
Origination of loans held-for-sale
Losses (gains) on available-for-sale debt securities, net
(Gains) losses on trading securities, net
Loss (gain) on sale of other real estate owned, net
Net (purchases) sales of trading securities
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable
Increase in other assets
Deferred tax provision (benefit)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net decrease (increase) in loans receivable
Purchase of loans
Proceeds from sale of loans
Purchase of FHLB of New York stock
Redemption of FHLB of New York stock
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale
Purchases of equity securities
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities available-for-sale
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities held-to-maturity
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity
Proceeds from sale of debt securities available-for-sale
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned
Purchases and improvements of premises and equipment
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
1,353
4,365
3,678
6,651
223
124
4,731
(3,631)
(134)
1,583
(1,449)
17
(1,721)
7
(77)
(1,065)
(8,947)
2,919
674
46,970
35,875
(3,781)
—
(45,318)
36,033
(73,544)
(186)
247,455
877
—
—
—
63
(3,605)
193,869
4,482
4,128
3,645
9,306
112
174
4,626
(3,414)
(453)
3,544
(3,364)
(279)
2,206
(17)
504
(2,924)
(3,673)
(625)
4,234
83,331
(430,849)
(10,183)
2,796
(44,564)
36,518
(168,973)
(5,046)
305,027
720
(6,237)
41,479
1,526
125
(2,552)
(280,213)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits
Dividends paid
Exercise of stock options
Purchase of treasury stock
(Decrease) increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt, net of issuance costs
Proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings
Repayments related to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
(271,784)
(22,795)
100
(37,173)
(893)
—
743,553
(468,140)
(57,132)
183,707
45,799
229,506 $
(19,115)
(24,127)
1,662
(30,881)
1,086
60,884
282,104
(120,000)
151,613
(45,269)
91,068
45,799 $
$
76
(6,184)
3,643
3,889
2,587
—
200
4,395
(4,103)
(1,401)
—
—
(1,495)
(1,703)
—
533
118
(14,531)
3,159
4,998
64,759
(105,455)
—
151,559
(220)
6,525
(746,967)
(5,089)
454,414
1,879
—
328,966
1,021
—
(1,638)
84,995
92,783
(24,299)
3,409
(53,321)
5,232
—
—
(170,034)
(146,230)
3,524
87,544
91,068
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - (Continued)
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest
Income taxes
Non-cash transactions:
Loans charged-off, net
Transfers of loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale, at fair value
Transfers of loans held-for-sale at fair value to loans held-for-investment
Transfers of loans held-for-investment to other real estate owned
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities
Years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(Dollars in thousands)
$
80,400 $
14,704
19,282 $
22,094
17,451
28,476
6,435
—
—
—
645
838
2,523
—
—
4,983
2,803
131,883
1,612
100
1,596
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
77
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following significant accounting and reporting policies of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively,
the “Company”), conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), and are used in preparing and
presenting these consolidated financial statements.
(a) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned
subsidiaries, Northfield Investment, Inc. and Northfield Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned significant
subsidiaries, NSB Services Corp. and NSB Realty Trust. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the
reporting periods. Actual results may differ significantly from those estimates and assumptions. A material estimate that is
particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term is the allowance for credit losses. In connection with the
determination of this allowance, management generally obtains independent appraisals for significant properties. In addition,
judgments related to the amount and timing of expected cash flows from purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) loans,
goodwill, securities valuation and impairment, and deferred income taxes, involve a higher degree of complexity and
subjectivity and require estimates and assumptions about uncertain matters. Actual results may differ from the estimates and
assumptions.
(b) Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04. In March, 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (“Topic 848”): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate
Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in
accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted
accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the
London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help
stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance was effective for all entities as of
March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. However, in December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, deferring the sunset
date to December 31, 2024. The Company has reviewed all of its LIBOR-based products and all products have been adjusted to
another index or are scheduled to be adjusted at their next repricing, as LIBOR ceased to be published after June 30, 2023. The
adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
ASU No. 2022-02. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic
326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). The amendments in this ASU were issued to
(1) eliminate accounting guidance for Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) by creditors, while enhancing disclosure
requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty;
(2) require disclosures of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in
leases. Under ASU 2022-02, the Company assesses all loan modifications to determine whether one is granted to a borrower
experiencing financial difficulty, regardless of whether the modified loan terms include a concession. Modifications granted to
borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment
delay, a term extension, principal forgiveness or a combination thereof. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a prospective
basis on January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements. Additional disclosures are included in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
(c) Business
The Company, through its principal subsidiary, the Bank, provides a full range of banking services primarily to
individuals and corporate customers in Richmond and Kings counties in New York, and Hunterdon, Mercer, Union and
Middlesex counties in New Jersey. The Company is subject to competition from other financial institutions and to the
regulations of certain federal and state agencies, and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.
78
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(d) Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, due from banks, and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions
with an original term of three months or less.
(e) Securities
Securities are classified at the time of purchase, based on management’s intention, as debt securities held-to-maturity,
debt securities available-for-sale, trading account securities or equity securities. Debt securities held-to-maturity are those that
management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity. Debt securities held-to-maturity are carried at amortized
cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the level-yield method over the contractual term of
the securities, adjusted for actual prepayments. Debt securities available-for-sale represents all securities not classified as either
held-to-maturity, trading, or equity. Debt securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value with unrealized holding
gains and losses (net of related tax effects) on such securities excluded from earnings, but included as a separate component of
stockholders’ equity, titled “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” The cost of securities sold is determined using
the specific-identification method. Security transactions are recorded on a trade-date basis.
For securities available for sale, the Company determines if impairment is related to credit loss or non-credit loss. In
making the assessment of whether a loss is from credit or other factors, management considers the extent to which fair value is
less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency and adverse conditions related to the
security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be
collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows is less
than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance is created, limited by the amount that the fair value is less
than the amortized cost basis. Subsequent activity related to the credit loss component in the form of write-offs or recoveries is
recognized as part of the allowance for credit losses on securities available for sale.
Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major
security type. All of the held-to-maturity securities in the Company's portfolio are issued by U.S. government agencies
and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S Government and therefore the expectation of nonpayment
is zero. Therefore, the Company is not required to estimate an allowance for credit losses related to these securities.
The estimated fair value of debt securities, including mortgage-backed securities and corporate debt obligations is
furnished by an independent third-party pricing service. The third-party pricing service primarily utilizes pricing models and
methodologies that incorporate observable market inputs, including among other things, benchmark yields, reported trades, and
projected prepayment and default rates. Management reviews the data and assumptions used in pricing the securities by its
third-party provider for reasonableness.
The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on securities from the
estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable totaled $2.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023
and 2022 and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
Trading securities are securities that are bought and may be held for the purpose of selling them in the near
term. Trading securities are reported at estimated fair value, using quoted prices in active markets, with unrealized holding
gains and losses reported as a component of gain (loss) on securities, net in non-interest income.
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported
as a component of gain (loss) on securities, net in non-interest income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair
values are recorded at net asset value less any impairment, if any.
79
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(f) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
The accounting and reporting for PCD loans and loans classified as held-for-sale differs substantially from those loans
classified by the Company as held-for-investment. For purposes of reporting, discussion and analysis, management has
classified its loan portfolio into three categories: (1) loans originated by the Company and held-for-sale, which are carried at the
lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore have no associated allowance for loan losses, (2)
PCD loans, which are held-for-investment, and recorded at the purchase price, including non-credit discounts, plus the
allowance for credit losses at the time of acquisition, and (3) Loans held-for-investment, which include originated loans carried
at amortized cost, and acquired loans, with no evidence of credit deterioration, initially valued at fair value on the date of
acquisition, less net charge-offs and the allowance for credit losses.
Net loans held-for-investment are stated at unpaid principal balance, adjusted by unamortized premiums and unearned
discounts, deferred origination fees and certain direct origination costs, and the allowance for credit losses. Interest income on
loans is accrued and credited to income as earned. Net loan origination fees/costs are deferred and accreted/amortized to interest
income over the loan’s contractual life using the level-yield method, adjusted for actual prepayments. Generally, loans held-for-
sale are designated at time of origination and generally consist of newly originated fixed rate residential loans and are recorded
at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value in the aggregate. During 2021 and 2020, the Company transferred from
held-for-investment to held-for-sale certain performing and nonperforming loans. Transfers of loans from held-for-investment
to held-for-sale are infrequent and occur at fair value less costs to sell, with any charge-off to allowance for credit losses. Gains
are recognized on a settlement-date basis and are determined by the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying
value of the loans, including any net deferred fees or costs.
Net loans held-for-investment are deemed impaired when it is probable, based on current information, that the
Company will not collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company has
defined the population of impaired loans to be all non-accrual loans held-for-investment with an outstanding balance of
$500,000 or greater and all loans restructured as TDRs prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02. Loan held-for-investment are
individually assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the expected future cash flows, discounted at
the loan's original effective interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral (less estimated costs to sell) if the loan is
collateral dependent. Impairments, if any, are recognized through a charge to the allowance for credit losses on loans for the
amount that the loan’s carrying value exceeds the discounted cash flow analysis or estimated fair value of collateral (less
estimated costs to sell) if the loan is collateral dependent. Such amounts are charged-off when considered appropriate.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Under the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology adopted on January 1, 2021, the Company determines
the allowance for credit losses on loans based upon a consideration of its historical portfolio loss experience, current borrower-
specific risk characteristics, current conditions, forecasts of future economic conditions, reversion period, prepayments, and
qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a collective (loan segment) basis when similar risk characteristics exist.
Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective
evaluation. Accrued interest on loans is excluded from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses due to the Company's
non-accrual policy which results in the reversal of uncollectible accrued interest on non-accrual loans against interest income in
a timely manner. Accrued interest receivable on loans held-for-investment totaled $12.8 million and $11.7 million, respectively,
at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
80
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment. In estimating the quantitative component of the
allowance on a collective basis, the Company uses a risk rating migration model which calculates an expected life of loan loss
percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default metrics. These metrics are multiplied by the
exposure at default, taking into consideration prepayments, to calculate the quantitative component of the allowance. The
metrics are based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit risk rating or delinquency categories using
historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime
losses incurred using the Company's own historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The model's
expected losses based on loss history are adjusted for qualitative adjustments to address risks that may not be adequately
represented in the risk rating migration model. Among other things, these adjustments include and account for differences in: (i)
changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii) changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business
conditions and developments that affect the collectability of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments;
(iii) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of
our loan review system; (v) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such
concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the
level of estimated credit losses in our existing portfolio.
The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to
historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses,
the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics
(“Moody's”). Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the economic
environment. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, include a ‘most likely
outcome’ (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” and “Downside” scenarios. Each
scenario is assigned a weighting with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on
both the Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and
available information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed
statistical analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit
performance, which include: Gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property
Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.
Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans. The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not
share common risk characteristics with other loans, consisting of all TDRs (prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02) and non-
accrual loans with an outstanding balance of $500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to
determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is
collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management
performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition,
management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a
lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of
underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant
assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal
preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled
debt restructurings which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation
of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Individually impaired loans that have no impairment losses are not
considered for collective allowances described above. Upon adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company no longer establishes a
specific reserve for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Instead, these loan modifications are
included in their respective pool and a historical loss rate is applied to the current loan balance to arrive at the quantitative and
qualitative baseline portion of the allowance for credit losses.
The Company elected to exclude accrued interest on loans from the amortized cost of loans held for investment. The
accrued interest is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet and totaled $12.8 million and
$11.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
81
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
PCD Loans
Loans classified as PCD loans are acquired loans where there is evidence of more than insignificant credit
deterioration since their origination. We consider various factors in connection with this determination, including past due or
non-accrual status, credit risk rating declines, and any write downs recorded based on the collectability of the asset, among
other factors. Under the CECL methodology, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted
for under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 310-30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with
Deteriorated Credit Quality, and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. Loans are only removed from
existing pools if they are written off, paid off, or sold. Under CECL, the allowance for credit losses was determined for each
pool and added to the pool's carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid
principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the noncredit premium or discount which will be amortized
into interest income over the remaining life of the pool. Subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance for credit losses
related to PCD loans is recorded as provision expense.
The Company also maintains a reserve for estimated losses on off-balance sheet credit risks related to loan
commitments and stand-by letters of credit. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve
factor in the related funded loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for
off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding
provision is included in other non-interest expense.
While management uses available information to estimate credit losses on loans, future additions may be necessary
based on changes in conditions, including changes in economic conditions and forecasts, particularly in Richmond and Kings
counties in New York, and Hunterdon, Mercer, Union and Middlesex counties in New Jersey and to a lesser extent eastern
Pennsylvania. Accordingly, as with most financial institutions in the market area, the ultimate collectability of a substantial
portion of the Company’s loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in conditions in the Company’s marketplace. In addition,
future changes in laws and regulations could make it more difficult for the Company to collect all contractual amounts due on
its loans and mortgage-backed securities.
In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the
Company’s allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based
on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company classified certain loans as TDRs, which are loans where terms
have been modified because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. Modifications could include extension
of the repayment terms of the loan, reduced interest rates, or forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. Once an obligation
has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered restructured until paid in full or, if the
obligation yields a market rate (a rate equal to the rate the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a
new loan with comparable risk), until the year subsequent to the year in which the restructuring takes place, provided the
borrower has performed under the modified terms for a consecutive six-month period. The Company records an impairment
charge equal to the difference between the present value of estimated future cash flows under the restructured terms discounted
at the original loan’s effective interest rate, or the underlying collateral value, less estimated costs to sell, if the loan is collateral
dependent. Changes in present values attributable to the passage of time are recorded as a component of the provision for credit
losses. Since the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company has ceased to recognize or measure new TDRs but those existing at
December 31, 2022 remain until settled.
A loan is considered past due when it is not paid in accordance with its contractual terms. The accrual of income on
loans, including impaired loans held-for-investment, and other loans in the process of foreclosure, is generally discontinued
when a loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner when certain factors indicate that the ultimate collection of
principal and interest is in doubt. Loans on which the accrual of income has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual
loans. All previously accrued interest is reversed against interest income, and income is recognized subsequently only in the
period that cash is received, provided no principal payments are due and the remaining principal balance outstanding is deemed
collectible. A non-accrual loan is not returned to accrual status until both principal and interest payments are brought current
and factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist, including performance by the borrower under the loan terms for a
consecutive six-month period.
82
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(g) Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Stock
The Bank, as a member of the FHLB of New York (“FHLBNY”), is required to hold shares of capital stock in the
FHLB as a condition to both becoming a member and engaging in certain transactions with the FHLB. The minimum
investment requirement is determined by a “membership” investment component and an “activity-based” investment
component. The membership investment component is the greater of 0.125% of the Bank’s mortgage-related assets, as defined
by the FHLB, or $1,000. The activity-based investment component is equal to 4.5% of the Bank’s outstanding advances with
the FHLB. The activity-based investment component also considers other transactions, including assets originated for or sold to
the FHLB, and delivery commitments issued by the FHLB. The Company currently does not enter into these other types of
transactions with the FHLB.
On at least a quarterly basis, we perform our other-than-temporary impairment analysis of FHLB stock, we evaluate,
among other things, (i) its earnings performance, including the significance of any decline in net assets of the FHLB as
compared to the regulatory capital amount of the FHLB, (ii) the commitment by the FHLB to continue dividend payments, and
(iii) the liquidity position of the FHLB. We did not consider our investment in FHLB stock to be other-than-temporarily
impaired at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
(h) Operating Leases
During the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements, and at inception it determines if a
particular agreement is a lease. The Company's operating lease agreements relate primarily to its corporate offices and bank
branch offices. The agreements are recorded as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the
consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right of use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the
commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, and represent the right to use an
underlying asset for the lease term and the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. As the Company's leases
do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease
payments. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that
the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of
the lease.
(i) Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and
amortization. Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment, including capital leases, are computed on a straight-
line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The estimated useful lives of significant classes of assets are
generally as follows: buildings - forty years; furniture and equipment - five to seven years; and purchased computer software -
three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the related lease or the estimated useful lives
of the improvements. Major improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as
incurred. Upon retirement or sale, any gain or loss is credited or charged to operations.
(j) Bank-Owned Life Insurance
The Company has purchased bank-owned life insurance contracts to help fund its obligations for certain employee
benefit costs. The Company’s investment in such insurance contracts has been reported in the consolidated balance sheets at
their cash surrender values. Changes in cash surrender values and death benefit proceeds received in excess of the related cash
surrender values are recorded as non-interest income.
(k) Goodwill
Intangible assets resulting from acquisitions under the purchase method of accounting consist of goodwill and other
intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to an annual assessment for impairment. The goodwill impairment
analysis was generally a two-step test. However, on January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for
Goodwill Impairment” which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. The guidance removed step
two of the goodwill impairment test, which had required a hypothetical purchase price allocation. The ASU does not change the
optional qualitative assessment which allows companies to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than
not that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, commonly referred to as the qualitative assessment or
step 0.
83
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Goodwill is allocated to Northfield’s reporting unit at the date goodwill is actually recorded. As of December 31, 2023,
the carrying value of goodwill totaled $41.0 million. The Company qualitatively assessed the current economic environment,
including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance of the Company,
among others. After consideration of the results of the annual 2023 impairment test and the results for the year ended
December 31, 2023, the Company determined that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of its reporting unit was above
its book value as of December 31, 2023, which did not indicate impairment for our reporting unit, nor was our reporting unit at
risk. The Company will test goodwill for impairment between annual test dates if an event occurs or circumstances change that
would indicate the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying amount. The Company completed its annual impairment
test as of December 31, 2023.
(l) Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized
for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying
amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using
enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
When applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portions determined not likely to be realized.
The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date.
Income tax benefits are recognized and measured based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position must be more-likely-
than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized, and 2) the benefit is measured as the
largest dollar amount of that position that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the
benefit recognized and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an unrecognized tax benefit. The Company
records income tax-related interest and penalties, if applicable, within income tax expense.
(m) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the
carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted (and without interest) net cash flows expected to be generated by the
asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the
carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the
carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell.
(n) Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Borrowings
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase (Repurchase Agreements) and collateral
pledge agreements (Pledge Agreements) with selected dealers and banks. Such agreements are accounted for as secured
financing transactions since the Company maintains effective control over the transferred or pledged securities and the transfer
meets the other accounting and recognition criteria as required by the transfer and servicing topic of the FASB Accounting
Standards. Obligations under these agreements are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Securities
underlying the agreements are maintained at selected dealers and banks as collateral for each transaction executed and may be
sold or pledged by the counterparty. Collateral underlying Repurchase Agreements that permit the counterparty to sell or pledge
the underlying collateral is disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets as “encumbered.” The Company retains the right under
all Repurchase Agreements and Pledge Agreements to substitute acceptable collateral throughout the terms of the agreement.
(o) Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income and the change in unrealized holding gains and losses on debt
securities available-for-sale, change in actuarial gains and losses on other post-retirement benefits, and change in service cost on
other postretirement benefits, net of taxes. Comprehensive income (loss) and its components is presented in the consolidated
statements of comprehensive income.
84
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(p) Benefits
The Company sponsors a defined postretirement benefit plan that provides for medical and life insurance coverage to a
limited number of retirees, as well as life insurance to all qualifying employees of the Company. The estimated cost of
postretirement benefits earned is accrued during an individual’s estimated service period to the Company. The Company
recognizes in its balance sheet the over-funded or under-funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan measured as the
difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation at the end of our calendar year. The actuarial gains
and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period are recognized as a component of other
comprehensive income (loss), net of tax.
Funds borrowed by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”) from the Company to purchase the Company’s
common stock are being repaid from the Bank’s contributions over a period of up to 30 years. The Company’s common stock
not yet allocated to participants is recorded as a reduction of stockholders’ equity at cost. The Company records compensation
expense related to the ESOP at an amount equal to the shares committed to be released by the ESOP multiplied by the average
fair value of our common stock during the reporting period.
The Company recognizes the grant-date fair value of stock-based awards issued to participants' as compensation cost
in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of common stock awards is based on the closing price
of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market on the grant date. The expense related to stock options is
based on the estimated fair value of the options at the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The awards are
fixed in nature and compensation cost related to stock-based awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite
service periods. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
The Bank has a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees. Contributions to the plan are expensed as incurred.
(q) Segment Reporting
As a community-focused financial institution, substantially all of the Company’s operations involve the delivery of
loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing
review of these community banking operations, which constitute the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting
purposes.
(r) Net Income per Common Share
Net income per common share-basic is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding unallocated ESOP shares and unearned common stock
award shares. The weighted average common shares outstanding includes the average number of shares of common stock
outstanding, including shares allocated or committed to be released ESOP shares. Net income per common share-diluted is
computed using the same method as basic earnings per share, but reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options
and unvested shares of restricted stock were exercised and converted into common stock.
When applying the treasury stock method we add the assumed proceeds from option exercises and the average
unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options. We then divided this sum by
our average stock price for the period to calculate assumed shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable
over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted
earnings per share.
At December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, there were 77,772, 203,997, and 337,768 dilutive shares outstanding,
respectively.
(s) Other Real Estate Owned
Assets acquired through loan foreclosure, or deed-in-lieu of, are held for sale and are initially recorded at estimated
fair value, less estimated selling costs, when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. Costs after acquisition are generally
expensed. If the estimated fair value of the asset subsequently declines, a write-down is recorded through other non-interest
expense.
85
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(t) Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.
(u) Derivatives
The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company has interest rate
derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan related transaction and, therefore, are not
used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. As such, all changes in fair value of the Company’s
interest rate derivatives are recognized directly in earnings. The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using
discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
(2)
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
The following is a comparative summary of mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities available-for-sale at
December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
U.S. Treasuries
U.S. Government agency securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
Government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”)
Real estate mortgage investment conduits “REMICs”):
GSE
Total mortgage-backed securities
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total other debt securities
Amortized
cost
December 31, 2023
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
Estimated
fair
value
$
44,364 $
75,898
15 $
—
— $
(1,990)
44,379
73,908
365,823
224,931
590,754
765
128,704
129,469
2
—
2
—
43
43
(28,285)
337,540
(11,831)
(40,116)
(2)
(2,973)
(2,975)
213,100
550,640
763
125,774
126,537
795,464
Total debt securities available-for-sale
$
840,485 $
60 $
(45,081) $
U.S. Government agency securities
$
76,150 $
— $
(4,074) $
72,076
Amortized
cost
December 31, 2022
Gross
unrealized
gains
Gross
unrealized
losses
Estimated
fair
value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE
REMICs:
GSE
Total mortgage-backed securities
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total other debt securities
472,963
280,870
753,833
21
189,603
189,624
1
—
1
—
2
2
Total debt securities available-for-sale
$
1,019,607 $
3 $
(67,437) $
86
(40,346)
432,618
(16,146)
(56,492)
—
(6,871)
(6,871)
264,724
697,342
21
182,734
182,755
952,173
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following is a summary of the expected maturity distribution of debt securities available-for-sale other than
mortgage-backed securities at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Available-for-sale
Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Amortized cost
Estimated fair value
$
$
118,381 $
127,350
4,000
249,731 $
117,304
124,157
3,363
244,824
Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not included above, as expected maturities on mortgage-
backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or
without penalties.
Certain securities available-for-sale are pledged or encumbered to secure borrowings under Pledge Agreements and
Repurchase Agreements and for other purposes required by law. At December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the fair value
of debt securities available-for-sale that were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits was $272.9 million and $591.7 million,
respectively. See Note 9 - “Borrowings” for further discussion regarding securities pledged or encumbered for borrowings.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had no proceeds on sales of securities available-for-sale, and
gross realized gains of $22,000 and gross realized losses of $39,000 related to the payoff of securities. For the year ended
December 31, 2022, the Company had gross proceeds of $41.5 million on sales of securities available-for-sale with gross
realized gains of $279,000 and no gross realized losses. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had gross
proceeds of $329.0 million on sales of securities available-for-sale with gross realized gains of $1.5 million and no gross
realized losses. The Company recognized net gains of $1.7 million, net losses of $2.2 million, and net gains of $1.7 million on
its trading securities portfolio during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021
respectively. The Company routinely sells securities when market pricing presents, in management’s assessment, an economic
benefit that outweighs holding such security, and when smaller balance securities become cost prohibitive to carry.
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities available-for-sale, and the estimated
fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a
continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
U.S. Government agency securities
$
— $
— $
(1,990) $
73,908 $
(1,990) $
73,908
Less than 12 months
December 31, 2023
12 months or more
Total
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE
REMICs:
GSE
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total
—
17
—
(2)
(7)
763
9,966
(28,285)
337,438
(28,285)
337,455
(11,831)
213,100
(11,831)
213,100
(2,966)
96,978
(2,973)
106,944
(2)
763
$
(9) $
10,746 $
(45,072) $ 721,424 $
(45,081) $
732,170
87
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Less than 12 months
December 31, 2022
12 months or more
Total
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
U.S. Government agency securities
$
(3,942) $
71,058 $
(132) $
1,018 $
(4,074) $
72,076
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE
REMICs:
GSE
Other debt securities:
Corporate bonds
Total
(8,112)
142,605
(32,234)
289,890
(40,346)
432,495
(8,303)
180,612
(7,843)
84,112
(16,146)
264,724
(842)
35,778
(6,029)
129,174
(6,871)
164,952
$
(21,199) $ 430,053 $
(46,238) $ 504,194 $
(67,437) $ 934,247
The Company held 116 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 75 REMIC mortgage-
backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 16 corporate bonds, and five U.S. Government agency securities that were in a
continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at December 31, 2023. There were two pass-through mortgage-
backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, one corporate bond, and one municipal bond that were in an unrealized loss
position of less than twelve months at December 31, 2023. Substantially all securities referred to above were rated investment
grade at December 31, 2023.
Available-for-sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses on a
quarterly basis. In performing an assessment of whether any decline in fair value is due to a credit loss, the Company considers
the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, changes in credit ratings, any adverse economic conditions, as
well as all relevant information at the individual security level such as credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying
the security. In assessing the impairment, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected with
the amortized cost basis of the security. If it is determined that the decline in fair value was due to credit losses, an allowance
for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount the fair value is less than amortized cost basis. The Company did not
recognize any allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale debt securities during the years ended December 31, 2023 or
2022. The Company does not have the intent to sell its available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position and it is
likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery.
The non-credit related decrease in the fair value, such as a decline due to changes in market interest rates, is recorded
in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company also assesses its intent to sell the securities (as well as the likelihood
of a near-term recovery). If the Company intends to sell an available for sale debt security or it is more likely than not that it
will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value
and the write down is charged to the debt security’s fair value at the reporting date with any incremental impairment reported in
earnings.
The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale
securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaled
$2.4 million and $2.8 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest
receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued
interest receivable, as an allowance on possible uncollectible accrued interest is not warranted.
88
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(3)
Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity
The following is a summary of mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity at December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in
thousands):
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSEs
Total securities held-to-maturity
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSEs
Total securities held-to-maturity
December 31, 2023
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated Fair
Value
Amortized Cost
$
$
9,866 $
9,866 $
107 $
107 $
(387) $
(387) $
9,586
9,586
December 31, 2022
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated Fair
Value
Amortized Cost
$
$
10,760 $
10,760 $
90 $
90 $
(461) $
(461) $
10,389
10,389
Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not presented, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed
securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without
penalties. There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
At December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, debt securities held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $9.7 million
and $2.0 million, respectively, were pledged to secure repurchase agreements and deposits. See Note 9 - “Borrowings” for
further discussion regarding securities pledged or encumbered for borrowings.
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the related
securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized
loss position at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE
Total
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE
Total
December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
Total
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
$
$
— $
— $
— $
— $
(387) $
(387) $
6,661 $
6,661 $
(387) $
(387) $
6,661
6,661
December 31, 2022
Less than 12 months
12 months or more
Total
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
Unrealized
Estimated
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
losses
fair value
$
$
(461) $
(461) $
7,433 $
7,433 $
— $
— $
— $
— $
(461) $
(461) $
7,433
7,433
The Company held nine pass-through mortgage-backed debt securities held-to-maturity issued or guaranteed by GSEs
that were in a continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at December 31, 2023.
89
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company's held-to-maturity securities are residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie
Mac and Fannie Mae, and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the
securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Accordingly,
no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.
The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity
securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with held-to-maturity securities totaling
$36,000 and $39,000, respectively, at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was reported in accrued interest receivable
on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest
receivable, as an allowance on possible uncollectible accrued interest is not warranted.
(4)
Equity Securities
At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, equity securities totaled $10.6 million and $10.4 million, respectively.
Equity securities consisted of money market mutual funds, recorded at fair value of $330,000 and $361,000, at December 31,
2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and an investment in a private Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Loan Fund
(the "SBA Loan Fund") recorded at net asset value of $10.3 million and $10.1 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31,
2022, respectively. As the SBA Loan Fund operates as a private fund, its shares are not publicly traded and, therefore, have no
readily determinable market value. The SBA Loan Fund was recorded at net asset value as a practical expedient for reporting
fair value.
(5)
Loans
The following table summarizes the Company's loans held-for-investment, net, (in thousands):
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial mortgage
One-to-four family residential mortgage
Home equity and lines of credit
Construction and land
Total real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans (1)
Other loans
Total commercial and industrial and other loans
Loans held-for-investment, net (excluding PCD)
PCD
Total loans held-for-investment, net
Allowance for credit losses
Net loans held-for-investment
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
2,750,996 $
929,595
160,824
163,520
30,967
4,035,902
155,268
2,585
157,853
4,193,755
9,899
4,203,654
(37,535)
4,166,119 $
2,824,579
899,249
173,946
152,555
24,932
4,075,261
154,700
2,230
156,930
4,232,191
11,502
4,243,693
(42,617)
4,201,076
(1) Included in commercial and industrial loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans totaling $284,000 and
$5.1 million, respectively.
The Company did not have loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2023 or 2022.
90
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
In addition to originating loans, the Company may acquire loans through portfolio purchases or acquisitions of other
companies. Purchased loans that have evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are deemed
PCD loans. For PCD loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an
aggregate expectation of cash flows. PCD loans totaled $9.9 million at December 31, 2023, as compared to $11.5 million at
December 31, 2022. The majority of the PCD loan balances were acquired as part of an FDIC-assisted transaction. At
December 31, 2023, PCD loans consisted of approximately 7% one-to-four family residential loans, 25% commercial real
estate loans, 57% commercial and industrial loans, and 11% in home equity loans. At December 31, 2022, PCD loans consisted
of approximately 9% one-to-four family residential loans, 28% commercial real estate loans, 53% commercial and industrial
loans, and 10% in home equity loans.
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by
reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios (at period end) and
internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the
Company’s loan receivables. LTV ratios used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan
balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the
loan being deemed impaired).
The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s
lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is
reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In
addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of
loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment
of the provision for credit losses on loans and the allowance for credit losses for loans held-for-investment. After determining
the loss factor for each portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-
investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in
order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.
When assigning a credit risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal nine-point credit risk rating
system.
1. Strong
2. Good
3. Acceptable
4. Adequate
5. Watch
6. Special Mention
7. Substandard
8. Doubtful
9. Loss
Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the
current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined
weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some
loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified
substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable
and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little
value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to
warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special
mention.
91
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment and current period gross charge-offs, excluding
PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk ratings and year of origination, at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Revolving
Loans
Total
December 31, 2023
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family
residential
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total one-to-four
family residential
Home equity and lines of
credit
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total home equity
and lines of credit
Construction and land
$
88,435 $ 615,028 $ 648,328 $ 464,995 $ 248,190 $ 676,544 $
—
—
88,435
89,072
—
—
89,072
—
—
615,028
211,754
—
2,838
214,592
—
—
648,328
147,656
8,528
—
156,184
6,747
—
—
26,198
—
—
12,039
—
—
66,207
—
—
66,207
8,321
—
—
—
—
464,995
—
—
248,190
328
8,578
685,450
299,615
4,369
10,708
314,692
86,736
—
—
86,736
570 $ 2,742,090
328
8,578
2,750,996
—
—
570
1,812
—
300
2,112
902,852
12,897
13,846
929,595
9,064
—
—
96,569
347
710
829
—
—
159,767
347
710
6,747
26,198
12,039
8,321
9,064
97,626
829
160,824
23,400
33,022
14,316
7,179
5,353
13,658
65,287
162,215
—
—
—
627
—
423
—
24
—
89
67
75
—
—
67
1,238
23,400
33,649
14,739
7,203
5,442
13,800
65,287
163,520
Pass
4,877
6,091
630
10,236
1,192
7,291
Total construction
and land
4,877
6,091
630
10,236
1,192
7,291
650
650
30,967
30,967
Total real estate loans
212,531
895,558
831,920
556,962
350,624
1,118,859
69,448
4,035,902
Commercial and industrial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial and
industrial
Current-period gross
charge-offs
Other
Pass
Substandard
Total other
Total loans held-for-
investment
Total current-period gross
charge-offs
17,197
—
26,075
542
847
17,485
361
13,843
2,727
39
132
2,602
45
7,296
56
168
65,603
250
—
138,985
1,248
15,035
17,197
27,464
31,689
2,898
2,647
7,520
65,853
155,268
1,488
2,818
1,439
437
2,463
—
2,463
—
—
—
—
—
—
53
—
53
62
—
—
—
328
23
7
30
—
39
—
39
6,572
2,578
7
2,585
$ 232,191 $ 923,022 $ 863,609 $ 559,913 $ 353,271 $ 1,126,409 $ 135,340 $ 4,193,755
$
1,488 $
2,818 $
1,439 $
437 $
62 $
328 $
— $
6,572
92
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk
ratings and year of origination, at December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
Prior
Revolving
Loans
Total
December 31, 2022
$ 632,613 $ 676,370 $ 500,069 $ 255,374 $ 204,810 $ 545,335 $
—
632,613
—
676,370
—
500,069
—
255,374
3,525
208,335
5,962
551,297
521 $ 2,815,092
9,487
—
2,824,579
521
213,621
—
2,889
216,510
147,419
—
10,574
157,993
26,432
—
—
12,340
—
—
68,215
—
—
68,215
8,623
—
—
90,644
—
—
90,644
10,057
—
—
72,512
—
—
72,512
275,606
4,852
11,253
291,711
7,227
—
—
105,787
1,716
758
1,664
—
—
1,664
1,006
—
—
869,681
4,852
24,716
899,249
171,472
1,716
758
26,432
12,340
8,623
10,057
7,227
108,261
1,006
173,946
36,513
16,053
8,198
5,948
4,484
11,315
69,539
152,050
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
92
—
48
70
295
—
—
70
435
36,513
16,053
8,198
6,040
4,532
11,680
69,539
152,555
8,121
—
1,145
—
6,335
—
1,276
—
1,427
2,070
3,905
—
8,121
1,145
6,335
1,276
3,497
3,905
653
—
653
22,862
2,070
24,932
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family
residential
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total one-to-four
family residential
Home equity and lines of
credit
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total home equity
and lines of credit
Construction and land
Pass
Substandard
Total construction
and land
Total real estate loans
920,189
863,901
591,440
363,391
296,103
966,854
73,383
4,075,261
Commercial and industrial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial and
industrial
Other
Pass
Total other
Total loans held-for-
investment
16,941
—
291
14,805
—
482
7,754
48
96
3,754
—
50
1,460
—
200
8,172
124
217
98,969
214
1,123
151,855
386
2,459
17,232
15,287
7,898
3,804
1,660
8,513
100,306
154,700
2,010
2,010
—
—
114
114
5
5
6
6
21
21
74
74
2,230
2,230
$ 939,431 $ 879,188 $ 599,452 $ 367,200 $ 297,769 $ 975,388 $ 173,763 $ 4,232,191
93
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans
Included in loans receivable held-for-investment are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been
discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual
loans was $10.1 million and $9.8 million at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Generally, originated
loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by
management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance
under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist.
Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a
non-accruing status.
When an individual loan no longer demonstrates the similar credit risk characteristics as other loans within its current
segment, the Company evaluates each for expected credit losses on an individual basis. All non-accrual loans $500,000 and
above and all loans designated as TDRs prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02 are individually evaluated. The non-accrual amounts
included in loans individually evaluated for impairment were $6.0 million and $5.2 million at December 31, 2023, and
December 31, 2022, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $500,000, and therefore not
meeting the Company’s definition of an impaired loan, amounted to $4.1 million at December 31, 2023, and $4.6 million at
December 31, 2022. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $1.3 million and $425,000 at December 31,
2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and consisted of loans that are well-secured and in the process of collection.
The following tables set forth the detail, and delinquency status, of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans
past due 90 days or more and still accruing), net of deferred fees and costs, at December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022,
excluding PCD loans (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
Total Non-Performing Loans
Non-Accruing Loans
Current
30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
Total
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Accruing
Total Non-
Performing
Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family residential
Pass
Substandard
Total one-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass
Substandard
Total home equity and lines of credit
Total real estate
Commercial and industrial loans
Substandard
Total commercial and industrial loans
Other loans
Substandard
Total other
$
1,906 $
— $
803 $
2,709 $
201 $
1,906
3,245
3,245
—
77
77
—
21
21
5,249
73
73
7
7
—
65
65
—
—
—
—
—
—
65
40
40
—
—
803
2,709
201
3,181
3,181
6,491
6,491
—
27
27
—
478
478
—
104
104
—
499
499
—
—
267
139
406
61
650
711
2,910
2,910
6,491
6,491
267
243
510
61
1,149
1,210
4,489
9,803
1,318
11,121
192
192
—
—
305
305
7
7
—
—
—
—
305
305
7
7
Total non-performing loans
$
5,329 $
105 $
4,681 $
10,115 $
1,318 $
11,433
94
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2022
Total Non-Performing Loans
Non-Accruing Loans
Current
30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
Total
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Accruing
Total Non-
Performing
Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family residential
Substandard
Total one-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Substandard
Total home equity and lines of credit
Total real estate
Commercial and industrial loans
Substandard
Total commercial and industrial loans
Other loans
Pass
Total other
$
1,923 $
— $
1,362 $
3,285 $
233 $
1,923
—
1,362
3,285
233
2,806
2,806
—
—
186
186
4,915
—
—
—
—
431
431
—
—
—
—
431
26
26
—
—
1,947
1,947
118
118
76
76
3,503
938
938
—
—
5,184
5,184
118
118
262
262
8,849
964
964
—
—
8
8
155
155
—
—
396
24
24
5
5
3,518
3,518
5,192
5,192
273
273
262
262
9,245
988
988
5
5
Total non-performing loans
$
4,915 $
457 $
4,441 $
9,813 $
425 $
10,238
95
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail and delinquency status of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, net
of deferred fees and costs, at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
December 31, 2023
30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
Past Due Loans
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Accruing
Total Past
Due
Current
Total Loans
Receivable,
net
$
740 $
— $
— $
740 $ 2,741,350 $ 2,742,090
—
—
740
954
—
121
1,075
3,275
64
—
3,339
691
37
89
817
—
—
—
803
803
—
—
3,181
3,181
—
—
27
27
—
—
478
478
—
—
—
201
201
—
—
—
—
267
—
139
406
61
—
650
711
—
—
—
1,004
1,744
954
—
3,302
4,256
328
7,574
328
8,578
2,749,252
2,750,996
901,898
902,852
12,897
10,544
12,897
13,846
925,339
929,595
3,542
156,225
159,767
64
166
283
544
347
710
3,772
157,052
160,824
752
37
1,217
2,006
—
—
161,463
162,215
30
21
67
1,238
161,514
163,520
30,967
30,967
30,967
30,967
5,971
4,489
1,318
11,778
4,024,124
4,035,902
1,726
385
696
2,807
10
—
10
—
—
192
192
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,726
137,259
138,985
385
888
2,999
10
—
10
863
14,147
152,269
2,568
7
2,575
1,248
15,035
155,268
2,578
7
2,585
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family residential
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total one-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total home equity and lines of credit
Construction and land
Pass
Total construction and land
Total real estate
Commercial and industrial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial and industrial
Other loans
Pass
Substandard
Total other loans
Total loans held-for-investment
$
8,788 $
4,681 $
1,318 $
14,787 $ 4,178,968 $ 4,193,755
96
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2022
Past Due Loans
30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due
90 Days or
More Past
Due and
Accruing
Total Past
Due
Current
Total Loans
Receivable,
net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Pass
Substandard
Total multifamily
Commercial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial
One-to-four family residential
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total one-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total home equity and lines of credit
Construction and land
Pass
Substandard
Total construction and land
Total real estate
Commercial and industrial
Pass
Special mention
Substandard
Total commercial and industrial
Other loans
Pass
Total other loans
$
189 $
— $
— $
189 $ 2,814,903 $ 2,815,092
—
189
726
—
605
1,331
603
69
—
672
657
—
173
830
—
—
—
1,362
1,362
—
—
1,947
1,947
—
—
118
118
—
—
76
76
—
—
—
233
233
—
—
8
8
—
—
155
155
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,595
1,784
726
—
2,560
3,286
603
69
273
945
657
—
249
906
—
—
—
7,892
9,487
2,822,795
2,824,579
868,955
869,681
4,852
22,156
4,852
24,716
895,963
899,249
170,869
171,472
1,647
485
1,716
758
173,001
173,946
151,393
152,050
70
186
70
435
151,649
152,555
22,862
2,070
24,932
22,862
2,070
24,932
3,022
3,503
396
6,921
4,068,340
4,075,261
573
—
498
1,071
5
5
—
—
938
938
—
—
—
—
24
24
5
5
573
—
1,460
2,033
10
10
151,282
151,855
386
999
386
2,459
152,667
154,700
2,220
2,220
2,230
2,230
Total loans held-for-investment
$
4,098 $
4,441 $
425 $
8,964 $ 4,223,227 $ 4,232,191
97
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables summarize information on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, at December 31, 2023 and
December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Other
Total non-accrual loans
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Total non-accrual loans
December 31, 2023
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid Principal
Balance
With No Related
Allowance
$
2,709 $
6,491
104
499
305
7
2,987 $
6,946
104
749
4,405
6
1,906
4,055
—
—
81
—
$
10,115 $
15,197 $
6,042
December 31, 2022
Recorded
Investment
Unpaid Principal
Balance
With No Related
Allowance
$
3,285 $
5,184
118
262
964
3,294 $
5,639
118
512
1,288
2,050
3,069
—
—
67
$
9,813 $
10,851 $
5,186
The following table summarizes interest income on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, during the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands).
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Commercial
One-to-four family residential
Home equity and lines of credit
Commercial and industrial
Other
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$
164 $
290
8
22
93
4
Total interest income on non-accrual loans
$
581 $
154
124
13
21
31
—
343
98
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Collateral-Dependent Loans
Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided
substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a
significant financial effect in mitigating exposure to credit risk and, where there is sufficient collateral, an allowance for credit
losses is not recognized or is minimal. For collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for credit losses is individually assessed
based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs of sale. The Company's collateral-dependent loans are secured by
real estate. Collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are adjusted for changes in market indices. As of
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $7.9 million and $7.4 million of collateral-dependent impaired
loans, respectively. The collateral-dependent loans at December 31, 2023 consisted of $5.7 million of commercial real estate
loans, $1.9 million of multifamily loans, and $298,000 of one-to-four family residential loans. For the year ended December 31,
2023, there was no significant deterioration or changes in the collateral securing these loans.
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting for TDRs while
expanding loan modification and vintage disclosure requirements. See Note 1- “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”
for further information.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis at December 31, 2023 of loan modifications made to borrowers
experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the year ended December 31, 2023 by class and by type of
modification (dollars in thousands):
Payment Delay
Term
Extension(1)
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Payment Delay
and Interest
Rate Reduction
Payment Delay,
Term Extension,
and Interest Rate
Reductions
Percentage of
Total Class of
Financing
Receivable
Total
Commercial
mortgage
Commercial and
industrial
Total loans
$
$
236 $
— $
— $
— $
236
0.03 %
332
14,626
568 $
14,626 $
206
206 $
634
634 $
15,798
16,034
10.17 %
(1) Includes one loan with a balance of $13.4 million at December 31, 2023, that was risk rated substandard and was modified during the year ended
December 31, 2023, to receive a maturity extension of 90-days through February 1, 2024, with a further short-term extension in the process of approval through
May 1, 2024. This loan previously had multiple 90-day extensions. The loan was originally downgraded to substandard due to operating losses, however the
current debt service coverage ratio is 1.57x and the loan is adequately secured by receivables in excess of $18 million. The loan is current as of December 31,
2023 (in accordance with the extensions granted).
The following table presents the financial effect of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial
difficulty during the during the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial
Weighted-Average Term
Extension (in months)
Weighted-Average Interest Rate
Reduction
4.4
3.75 %
No modifications involved forgiveness of principal. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers
experiencing financial difficulty whose terms have been restructured at December 31, 2023.
For modified loans, a subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when a principal or interest
payment is 90 days past due or classified into non-accrual status during the reporting period. Of the loans modified during the
year ended December 31, 2023 (since adoption of ASU 2022-02), there was one commercial and industrial loan with a balance
of approximately $76,000 that subsequently defaulted and was charged-off during the year.
99
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial
difficulty to understand the effectiveness of the modification efforts. The following tables present the aging analysis of loan
modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Commercial mortgage
Commercial and industrial
Total loans
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Current
30-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or
More Past Due Non-Accrual
Total
$
$
— $
15,202
15,202 $
— $
596
596 $
— $
—
— $
236 $
—
236 $
236
15,798
16,034
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company classified certain loans as TDRs when credit terms to a borrower
in financial difficulty were modified, in accordance with ASC 310-40. With the adoption of ASU 2022-02 the Company has
ceased to recognize or measure for new TDRs, but those existing at December 31, 2022 will remain until settled.
There were no loans modified as a TDR during the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022 the
Company had TDRs of $7.0 million.
Management classifies all TDRs as loans individually evaluated for impairment. Loans individually evaluated for
impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral
less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not
collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as
part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market
conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting
collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real
estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party
management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated
appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under TDRs which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and
requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be
significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a
material effect on our financial results.
At December 31, 2022, there were no restructured TDRs during the preceding twelve months that subsequently
defaulted.
100
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(6)
Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") on Loans
Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment
In estimating the quantitative component of the allowance on a collective basis, the Company uses a risk rating
migration model which calculates an expected life of loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and
loss given default metrics. These metrics are multiplied by the exposure at the potential default, taking into consideration
estimated prepayments, to calculate the quantitative component of the ACL. The metrics are based on the migration of loans
from performing to loss by credit risk rating or delinquency categories using historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each
loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred using the Company's own
historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The model's expected losses based on loss history are adjusted
for qualitative adjustments to address risks that may not be adequately represented in the risk rating migration model. Among
other things, these adjustments include and account for differences in: (i) changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii)
changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the
collectability of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments; (iii) changes in the experience, ability and
depth of lending management and other relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of our loan review system; (v) the existence
and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external
factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in our existing
portfolio.
The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to
historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses,
the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics
(“Moody's”).
Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the economic
environment. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, include a “most likely
outcome” (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” and “Downside” scenarios. Each
scenario is assigned a weighting with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on
both the Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and
available information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed
statistical analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit
performance, which include: Gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property
Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.
Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans
The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other
loans, consisting of all loans previously modified as TDRs (prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02) and non-accrual loans with
an outstanding balance of $500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine whether
the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-
dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs
an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management
adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales
price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying
collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and
estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and
review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows for modified loans which are
not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and
projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance
for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results. Individually impaired loans that
have no impairment losses are not considered for collective allowances described earlier. At December 31, 2023 and
December 31, 2022, the ACL for loans individually evaluated for impairment was $45,200 and $38,200, respectively.
101
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Exposures
An ACL for off-balance-sheet exposures represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance sheet
exposures such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit and unused lines of credit (loans already on the books).
Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no
violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans
generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan
commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash
requirements. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve factor in the related funded
loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit
exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding provision is included in other
non-interest expense.
The table below summarizes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures as of, and for the
years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
Balance at beginning of year
Benefit for credit losses
Balance at end of year
Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
791 $
(555)
236 $
1,852
(1,061)
791
A summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
follows (in thousands):
Balance at beginning of year
Impact of CECL adoption
Balance at January 1
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses
Recoveries
Charge-offs
Balance at end of year
2023
December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
42,617 $
—
42,617
1,353
145
(6,580)
37,535 $
38,973 $
—
38,973
4,482
487
(1,325)
42,617 $
37,607
10,353
47,960
(6,184)
278
(3,081)
38,973
102
S
E
I
R
A
I
D
I
S
B
U
S
D
N
A
.
C
N
I
,
P
R
O
C
N
A
B
D
L
E
I
F
H
T
R
O
N
)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
C
(
s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S
i
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F
d
e
t
a
d
i
l
o
s
n
o
C
o
t
s
e
t
o
N
.
2
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
d
n
a
3
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
,
d
e
d
n
e
s
r
a
e
y
e
h
t
r
o
f
d
n
a
,
f
o
s
a
,
e
p
y
t
n
a
o
l
y
b
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
a
r
u
o
n
i
y
t
i
v
i
t
c
a
h
t
r
o
f
t
e
s
s
e
l
b
a
t
g
n
i
w
o
l
l
o
f
e
h
T
r
o
f
,
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
d
n
a
y
l
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
,
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
e
r
a
t
a
h
t
,
s
t
s
o
c
d
n
a
s
e
e
f
n
a
o
l
d
e
r
r
e
f
e
d
f
o
t
e
n
,
t
n
e
m
t
s
e
v
n
i
-
r
o
f
-
d
l
e
h
e
l
b
a
v
i
e
c
e
r
s
n
a
o
l
f
o
t
n
u
o
m
a
e
h
t
l
i
a
t
e
d
o
s
l
a
s
e
l
b
a
t
g
n
i
w
o
l
l
o
f
e
h
T
:
)
s
d
n
a
s
u
o
h
t
n
i
(
t
n
e
m
g
e
s
o
i
l
o
f
t
r
o
p
n
a
o
l
h
c
a
e
o
t
d
e
t
a
c
o
l
l
a
s
i
t
a
h
t
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
a
f
o
n
o
i
t
r
o
p
d
e
t
a
l
e
r
e
h
t
d
n
a
,
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
l
a
t
o
T
D
C
P
l
a
t
o
T
s
n
a
o
L
g
n
i
d
u
l
c
x
e
(
)
D
C
P
r
e
h
t
O
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
d
n
a
l
a
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
I
n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
C
d
n
a
L
d
n
a
y
t
i
u
q
E
e
m
o
H
f
o
s
e
n
i
L
d
n
a
t
i
d
e
r
C
-
o
t
-
e
n
O
r
u
o
F
y
l
i
m
a
F
)
1
(
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
3
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
e
t
a
t
s
E
l
a
e
R
7
1
6
,
2
4
$
3
8
8
,
3
$
4
3
7
,
8
3
$
9
$
4
1
1
,
4
$
4
2
3
$
6
6
8
$
6
3
9
,
3
$
5
8
4
,
9
2
)
0
8
5
,
6
(
5
4
1
3
5
3
,
1
5
3
5
,
7
3
5
4
5
0
4
,
4
3
5
8
0
,
3
4
2
3
,
9
4
5
6
,
3
0
2
,
4
7
4
1
,
4
8
1
,
4
4
8
2
9
9
8
,
9
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
8
(
0
1
)
0
0
8
(
5
8
0
,
3
—
—
5
8
0
,
3
9
9
8
,
9
—
—
—
9
9
8
,
9
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
2
7
5
,
6
(
5
3
1
3
5
1
,
2
0
5
4
,
4
3
5
4
—
5
0
4
,
4
3
—
4
8
2
5
5
7
,
3
9
1
,
4
4
2
3
,
9
7
4
1
,
4
8
1
,
4
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
)
3
(
6
—
6
—
5
8
5
,
2
—
5
8
5
,
2
—
—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
2
7
5
,
6
(
3
6
5
4
4
,
8
0
5
0
,
6
7
1
—
3
3
0
,
6
8
6
2
,
5
5
1
4
8
0
0
9
,
4
5
1
—
4
8
2
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
)
5
7
1
(
9
4
1
—
9
4
1
—
7
6
9
,
0
3
—
7
6
9
,
0
3
—
—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
1
8
3
8
5
0
7
,
1
3
—
2
0
7
,
1
—
—
0
2
5
,
3
6
1
3
2
7
9
4
,
3
6
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
)
1
5
6
(
5
8
2
,
3
—
—
5
8
2
,
3
—
—
4
2
8
,
0
6
1
9
0
6
5
1
2
,
0
6
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
1
7
)
1
0
3
,
6
(
5
5
2
,
3
2
5
2
—
0
3
2
,
3
2
—
—
8
0
6
,
8
1
9
5
,
0
8
6
,
3
3
8
9
,
1
7
6
,
3
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
)
2
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
)
3
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
t
o
n
s
n
a
o
l
P
P
P
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
)
2
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
:
t
e
n
,
s
n
a
o
L
103
:
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
A
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
n
n
i
g
e
B
)
t
i
d
e
r
c
(
s
n
o
i
s
i
v
o
r
P
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
s
f
f
o
-
e
g
r
a
h
C
s
e
i
r
e
v
o
c
e
R
.
e
c
n
a
d
i
u
g
s
i
h
t
r
e
d
n
u
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
o
t
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
l
l
i
w
d
n
a
,
0
3
-
0
1
3
C
S
A
r
e
d
n
u
r
o
f
d
e
t
n
u
o
c
c
a
y
l
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p
e
r
e
w
t
a
h
t
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
f
o
s
l
o
o
p
n
i
a
t
n
i
a
m
o
t
d
e
t
c
e
l
e
y
n
a
p
m
o
C
e
h
t
,
L
C
E
C
f
o
n
o
i
t
p
o
d
a
n
o
p
U
.
s
e
i
t
r
e
p
o
r
p
y
l
i
m
a
f
i
t
l
u
m
d
n
a
,
d
e
i
p
u
c
c
o
r
e
n
w
o
-
n
o
n
,
d
e
i
p
u
c
c
o
-
r
e
n
w
o
y
b
d
e
z
i
l
a
r
e
t
a
l
l
o
c
s
n
a
o
l
e
t
a
t
s
e
l
a
e
r
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
c
s
e
d
u
l
c
n
i
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
.
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
a
e
h
t
m
o
r
f
d
e
d
u
l
c
x
e
e
r
o
f
e
r
e
h
t
d
n
a
A
B
S
e
h
t
y
b
d
e
e
t
n
a
r
a
u
g
e
r
a
s
n
a
o
l
P
P
P
)
1
(
)
2
(
)
3
(
2
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
)
d
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
C
(
s
t
n
e
m
e
t
a
t
S
i
l
a
i
c
n
a
n
F
d
e
t
a
d
i
l
o
s
n
o
C
o
t
s
e
t
o
N
S
E
I
R
A
I
D
I
S
B
U
S
D
N
A
.
C
N
I
,
P
R
O
C
N
A
B
D
L
E
I
F
H
T
R
O
N
l
a
t
o
T
D
C
P
l
a
t
o
T
s
n
a
o
L
g
n
i
d
u
l
c
x
e
(
)
D
C
P
r
e
h
t
O
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
d
n
a
l
a
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
I
n
o
i
t
c
u
r
t
s
n
o
C
d
n
a
L
d
n
a
y
t
i
u
q
E
e
m
o
H
f
o
s
e
n
i
L
d
n
a
t
i
d
e
r
C
-
o
t
-
e
n
O
r
u
o
F
y
l
i
m
a
F
)
1
(
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
e
t
a
t
s
E
l
a
e
R
3
7
9
,
8
3
$
2
3
7
,
4
$
1
4
2
,
4
3
$
9
$
3
7
1
,
3
$
9
6
1
$
0
6
5
$
5
4
5
,
3
$
5
8
7
,
6
2
)
5
2
3
,
1
(
7
8
4
2
8
4
,
4
7
1
6
,
2
4
8
3
6
9
6
,
8
3
3
8
8
,
3
3
9
6
,
3
4
2
,
4
9
3
9
,
8
9
0
1
,
8
1
2
,
4
2
0
5
,
1
1
3
4
1
,
5
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
1
0
6
(
8
7
1
)
6
2
4
(
3
8
8
,
3
—
—
3
8
8
,
3
—
—
2
0
5
,
1
1
—
2
0
5
,
1
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
4
2
7
(
9
0
3
8
0
9
,
4
4
3
7
,
8
3
8
3
—
6
9
6
,
8
3
1
9
1
,
2
3
2
,
4
9
3
9
,
8
9
0
1
,
8
1
2
,
4
—
3
4
1
,
5
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
2
1
)
2
1
(
9
—
9
—
0
3
2
,
2
—
0
3
2
,
2
—
—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
6
4
4
(
4
4
1
3
4
2
,
1
4
1
1
,
4
8
1
—
6
9
0
,
4
0
0
7
,
4
5
1
4
9
3
6
4
,
9
4
1
—
3
4
1
,
5
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
—
5
5
1
4
2
3
—
4
2
3
—
2
3
9
,
4
2
—
2
3
9
,
4
2
—
—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
9
1
7
8
2
6
6
8
2
4
6
8
—
—
—
5
5
5
,
2
5
1
7
2
8
2
5
,
2
5
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
—
2
3
9
5
3
6
3
9
,
3
—
—
6
3
9
,
3
—
—
6
4
9
,
3
7
1
6
6
6
0
8
2
,
3
7
1
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
)
8
7
2
(
2
0
1
8
1
6
7
8
,
2
5
8
4
,
9
2
7
6
4
,
9
2
—
—
—
2
5
1
,
8
8
2
8
,
3
2
7
,
3
6
7
6
,
5
1
7
,
3
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
)
2
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
:
t
e
n
,
s
n
a
o
L
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
l
a
u
d
i
v
i
d
n
i
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
)
2
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
y
l
e
v
i
t
c
e
l
l
o
c
:
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
104
)
3
(
t
n
e
m
r
i
a
p
m
i
r
o
f
d
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
t
o
n
s
n
a
o
l
P
P
P
:
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
A
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
n
n
i
g
e
B
)
s
t
i
d
e
r
c
(
s
n
o
i
s
i
v
o
r
P
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
g
n
i
d
n
E
s
f
f
o
-
e
g
r
a
h
C
s
e
i
r
e
v
o
c
e
R
a
o
t
e
u
d
y
l
i
r
a
m
i
r
p
,
2
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
n
o
i
l
l
i
m
6
.
2
4
$
o
t
d
e
r
a
p
m
o
c
,
3
2
0
2
,
1
3
r
e
b
m
e
c
e
D
t
a
n
o
i
l
l
i
m
5
.
7
3
$
o
t
d
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
d
s
n
a
o
l
n
o
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
a
e
h
T
n
a
o
l
y
t
i
u
q
e
e
m
o
h
d
n
a
l
a
i
r
t
s
u
d
n
i
d
n
a
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
c
e
h
t
o
t
d
e
t
a
l
e
r
s
e
v
r
e
s
e
r
e
h
t
n
i
s
e
s
a
e
r
c
n
i
y
b
t
e
s
f
f
o
y
l
l
a
i
t
r
a
p
e
r
e
w
s
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
d
e
h
T
.
t
s
a
c
e
r
o
f
c
i
m
o
n
o
c
e
o
r
c
a
m
e
h
t
n
i
t
n
e
m
e
v
o
r
p
m
i
n
a
d
n
a
,
s
o
i
l
o
f
t
r
o
p
e
t
a
t
s
e
l
a
e
r
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
c
d
n
a
y
l
i
m
a
f
i
t
l
u
m
e
h
t
n
i
s
r
o
t
c
a
f
s
s
o
l
e
v
i
t
a
t
i
l
a
u
q
c
i
m
o
n
o
c
e
-
n
o
n
o
t
d
e
t
a
l
e
r
s
e
v
r
e
s
e
r
n
i
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
d
a
,
s
e
c
n
a
l
a
b
n
a
o
l
n
i
e
s
a
e
r
c
e
d
.
s
o
i
l
o
f
t
r
o
p
.
e
c
n
a
d
i
u
g
s
i
h
t
r
e
d
n
u
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
e
t
a
u
l
a
v
e
o
t
e
u
n
i
t
n
o
c
l
l
i
w
d
n
a
,
0
3
-
0
1
3
C
S
A
r
e
d
n
u
r
o
f
d
e
t
n
u
o
c
c
a
y
l
s
u
o
i
v
e
r
p
e
r
e
w
t
a
h
t
s
n
a
o
l
D
C
P
f
o
s
l
o
o
p
n
i
a
t
n
i
a
m
o
t
d
e
t
c
e
l
e
y
n
a
p
m
o
C
e
h
t
,
L
C
E
C
f
o
n
o
i
t
p
o
d
a
n
o
p
U
.
s
e
i
t
r
e
p
o
r
p
y
l
i
m
a
f
i
t
l
u
m
d
n
a
,
d
e
i
p
u
c
c
o
r
e
n
w
o
-
n
o
n
,
d
e
i
p
u
c
c
o
-
r
e
n
w
o
y
b
d
e
z
i
l
a
r
e
t
a
l
l
o
c
s
n
a
o
l
e
t
a
t
s
e
l
a
e
r
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
c
s
e
d
u
l
c
n
i
l
a
i
c
r
e
m
m
o
C
.
s
e
s
s
o
l
t
i
d
e
r
c
r
o
f
e
c
n
a
w
o
l
l
a
e
h
t
m
o
r
f
d
e
d
u
l
c
x
e
e
r
o
f
e
r
e
h
t
d
n
a
A
B
S
e
h
t
y
b
d
e
e
t
n
a
r
a
u
g
e
r
a
s
n
a
o
l
P
P
P
)
1
(
)
2
(
)
3
(
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(7)
Premises and Equipment, Net
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, premises and equipment, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, consists of
the following (in thousands):
At cost:
Land
Buildings and improvements
Capital leases
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
Leasehold improvements
December 31,
2023
2022
$
5,156 $
13,475
2,600
35,098
30,152
86,481
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
Premises and equipment, net
$
(61,710)
24,771 $
5,156
13,189
2,600
32,783
29,147
82,875
(58,031)
24,844
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, was $3.7 million, $3.6 million, and
$3.9 million, respectively. There were no sales of premises and equipment in 2023, 2022, or 2021.
(8)
Deposits
Deposit account balances are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
Transaction:
Negotiable orders of withdrawal and interest-
bearing checking
Non-interest bearing checking
Total transaction
Savings:
Money market
Brokered money market
Savings
Total savings
Certificates of deposit:
Under $100,000
$100,000 or more
Total certificates of deposit
Total deposits
As of December 31,
2023
2022
Amount
Weighted Average
Rate
Amount
Weighted Average
Rate
$
1,231,943
2.06 % $
1,132,290
694,903
1,926,846
302,122
50,000
925,744
1,277,866
257,691
416,032
673,723
— %
1.32 %
1.76 %
5.30 %
1.85 %
1.96 %
3.93 %
4.28 %
4.15 %
852,660
1,984,950
508,067
—
917,180
1,425,247
525,944
214,078
740,022
$
3,878,435
2.02 % $
4,150,219
0.51 %
— %
0.29 %
0.47 %
— %
0.14 %
0.26 %
3.06 %
1.17 %
2.51 %
0.68 %
The Company had brokered deposits (included in certificates of deposit in the table above) of $50.0 million and $390.0
million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
105
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are summarized as follows (in thousands):
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Total
December 31, 2023
$
635,793
16,719
5,119
6,628
9,464
$
673,723
Certificates of deposit that exceed the FDIC Insurance limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were
$98.2 million and $56.8 million respectively.
Interest expense on deposits is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Transaction
Savings and money market
Certificates of deposit
(9)
Borrowings
2023
December 31,
2022
2021
$
$
16,553 $
13,855
18,345
48,753 $
1,759 $
1,851
6,679
10,289 $
805
2,226
3,176
6,207
Borrowings consisted of FHLB advances, borrowings under the Federal Reserve's Bank Term Funding Program
(“BTFP”), securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), floating rate advances and other interest-
bearing liabilities and are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Repurchase agreements
Other borrowings:
FHLB advances (1)
BTFP borrowings
Floating rate advances and other interest-bearing liabilities
December 31,
2023
2022
25,000 $
25,000
733,553
94,500
6,219
859,272 $
547,000
—
11,859
583,859
$
$
(1) Included within FHLB advances at December 31, 2022 was a $177.0 million overnight line of credit.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advances, BTFP borrowings and repurchase agreements had contractual
maturities as follows (in thousands):
FHLB
Advances
December 31, 2023
Repurchase
Agreements
BTFP
Borrowings
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
75,765 $
25,000 $
182,500
148,000
173,000
154,288
—
—
—
—
733,553 $
25,000 $
94,500
—
—
—
—
94,500
$
$
106
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
December 31, 2022
FHLB
Advances
Repurchase
Agreements
$
$
264,500 $
25,000
112,500
20,000
125,000
—
25,000
—
—
—
547,000 $
25,000
2023
2024
2025
2026
Thereafter
Further information regarding FHLB advances, repurchase agreements and BTFP borrowings is summarized as
follows (in thousands):
2023
2022
2023
2022
2023
2022
FHLB Advances
Repurchase Agreements
BTFP Borrowings
December 31,
Average balance during year
Maximum outstanding at any month end
$
$
766,268
976,788
$
$
351,725
547,000
$
$
25,000
25,000
$
$
34,795
50,000
$
$
97,593
134,500
$
$
Weighted average interest rate at end of year
Weighted average interest rate during year
3.52 %
3.55 %
3.14 %
2.40 %
2.42 %
2.45 %
2.42 %
2.41 %
4.37 %
4.38 %
—
—
— %
— %
FHLB advances are secured by a blanket lien on unencumbered securities and the Company’s FHLB capital stock.
All of the repurchase agreements mature after more than 90 days. The repurchase agreements were secured primarily
by mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost of $27.1 million and a fair value of $25.7 million as of December 31,
2023. At December 31, 2022, the repurchase agreements were secured primarily by mortgage-backed securities with an
amortized cost of $35.2 million and a fair value of $33.2 million.
The BTFB was established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The BTFP was created in
March 2023 in response to industry events to provide banks with additional liquidity via a secured line of credit collateralized
by eligible pledged securities. The BTFP borrowings were secured by corporate and mortgage-backed securities with an
amortized cost of $98.2 million and a fair value of $90.9 million as of December 31, 2023.
The Company has the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank discount window
of approximately $1.42 billion, utilizing unencumbered and unpledged securities of $493.7 million and multifamily loans of
$931.0 million at December 31, 2023. The Company expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in
the normal course of business.
107
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(10)
Subordinated Debt
On June 17, 2022, the Company issued $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating subordinated
notes (the “Notes”) to certain institutional investors. The Notes mature on June 30, 2032, unless redeemed earlier. The Notes
initially bear interest, payable semi-annually in arrears, at a fixed rate of 5.00% per annum until June 30, 2027. Beginning June
30, 2027 and until maturity or redemption, the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes due will
reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 200
basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company has the option to redeem the Notes, at par and in whole or in part,
beginning on June 30, 2027 and to redeem the Notes at any time in whole upon certain other events. Any redemption of the
Notes will be subject to prior regulatory approval to the extent required. Debt issuance costs totaled $1.1 million and are being
amortized to maturity. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, subordinated debt totaled $61.2 million and $61.0
million, respectively, which included $781,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs. The
Company recognized amortization expense of $223,000 and $112,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes for general corporate purposes,
including to fund potential repurchases of shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock.
On August 17, 2022, the SEC declared effective a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with respect to the exchange of
the Notes for publicly registered subordinated notes with the same terms as the Notes. On September 16, 2022, the Company
completed the exchange of the Notes for the publicly registered subordinated notes. All of the Notes were exchanged by the
holders thereof.
(11)
Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in thousands):
Federal tax expense (benefit):
Current
Deferred
State and local tax expense (benefit):
Current
Deferred
2023
December 31,
2022
2021
$
7,438 $
15,784 $
1,880
9,318
3,734
1,039
4,773
(233)
15,551
8,581
(392)
8,189
Total income tax expense
$
14,091 $
23,740 $
15,313
3,107
18,420
8,001
52
8,053
26,473
Reconciliation between the amount of reported total income tax expense and the amount computed by multiplying the
applicable statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, is as follows (dollars in
thousands):
Tax expense at statutory rate
Applicable statutory federal income tax rate
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State tax, net of federal income tax
Bank owned life insurance
ESOP fair market value adjustment
Incentive stock options
Other, net
Income tax expense
2023
December 31,
2022
2021
$
10,869
$
17,820
$
20,397
21 %
21 %
21 %
3,770
(762)
(6)
—
220
6,469
(717)
69
—
99
6,362
(862)
102
6
468
$
14,091
$
23,740
$
26,473
108
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax
liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows (in thousands):
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses
Deferred compensation
Accrued salaries
Postretirement benefits
Equity awards
Unrealized actuarial losses on post-retirement benefits
Straight-line leases adjustment
Asset retirement obligation
Reserve for accrued interest receivable
Reserve for loan commitments
Employee Stock Ownership Plan
Other
Depreciation
Fair value adjustments of acquired loans
Fair value adjustments of pension benefit obligations
Unrealized losses on securities
Total gross deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized actuarial gains on post-retirement benefits
Fair value adjustments of acquired securities
Fair value adjustments of deposit liabilities
Deferred loan fees
Other
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
Net deferred tax asset
December 31,
2023
2022
$
10,703 $
12,202
2,814
463
283
2,113
9
1,461
48
694
69
631
381
3,791
755
140
12,601
36,956
—
151
31
2,481
51
2,714
$
34,242 $
2,958
1,610
313
2,091
—
1,608
47
681
231
633
323
3,552
1,057
130
18,875
46,311
65
280
32
2,553
20
2,950
43,361
Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has determined that it is not required to establish a valuation reserve for the deferred tax asset since it is
“more likely than not” that the deferred tax asset will be realized through future reversals of existing taxable temporary
differences. The conclusion that it is “more likely than not” that the deferred tax asset will be realized is based on the history of
earnings and the prospects for continued profitability. Management will continue to review the tax criteria related to the
recognition of deferred tax assets.
As a savings institution, the Bank is subject to a special federal tax provision regarding its frozen tax bad debt reserve.
At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank’s federal tax bad debt base-year reserve was $5.9 million, with a
related net deferred tax liability of $1.7 million, which has not been recognized since the Bank does not expect that this reserve
will become taxable in the foreseeable future. Events that would result in taxation of this reserve include redemptions of the
Bank’s stock or certain excess distributions by the Bank to the Company.
109
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
A reconciliation of the Company’s uncertain tax positions are as follows (in thousands):
Beginning balance
Settlements based on tax positions related to prior years
Additions (reductions) based on tax positions related to prior years
Ending balance
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
$
87 $
141 $
(135)
347
(31)
(23)
299 $
87 $
157
(125)
109
141
The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes in income tax expense.
The following years are open for examination or under examination:
•
•
•
•
Federal tax filings for 2020 through present.
New York State tax filings 2018 through present. The 2018 through 2020 filings are currently under examination.
New York City tax filings 2020 through present. The 2020 and 2021 filings are currently under examination.
State of New Jersey 2019 through present.
(12)
Retirement Benefits
The Company has a 401(k) plan for its employees, which grants eligible employees (those salaried employees with at
least 30 days of service) the opportunity to invest from 2% to 100% (subject to certain IRS limitations) of their base
compensation in certain investment alternatives. The Company contributes an amount equal to 25% of employee contributions
on the first 6% of base compensation contributed by eligible employees for the first three years of participation. Subsequent
years of participation in excess of three years will increase the Company matching contribution from 25% to 50% of an
employee’s contributions, on the first 6% of base compensation contributed by eligible employees. A member becomes fully
vested in the Company’s contributions upon (a) completion of five years of service, or (b) normal retirement, early retirement,
permanent disability, or death. The Company’s contribution to this plan amounted to approximately $629,000, $553,000, and
$515,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The Company maintains the Northfield Bank ESOP. The ESOP is a tax-qualified plan designed to invest primarily in
the Company’s common stock. The ESOP provides employees with the opportunity to receive a funded retirement benefit from
the Bank, based primarily on the value of the Company’s common stock. The ESOP purchased 2,463,884 shares of the
Company’s common stock in the Company’s initial public offering at a price of $7.13 per share, as adjusted. This purchase was
funded with a loan from Northfield Bancorp, Inc. to the ESOP. The outstanding balance at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was
$6.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively. The shares of the Company’s common stock purchased in the initial public offering
are pledged as collateral for the loan. Shares are released for allocation to participants as loan payments are made. A total of
105,463 and 117,998 shares were released and allocated to participants of the ESOP for the years ended December 31, 2023
and 2022, respectively. Cash dividends on unallocated shares are utilized to satisfy required debt payments. Dividends on
allocated shares are utilized to prepay debt which releases additional shares to participants.
Upon completion of the Company’s second-step conversion, a second ESOP was established for employees in 2013,
which purchased 1,422,357 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $10.00 per share. The purchase was funded
with a loan from Northfield Bancorp, Inc. to the second ESOP. The outstanding balance at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was
$9.8 million and $10.2 million, respectively. The shares of the Company’s common stock purchased in the second-step
conversion are pledged as collateral for the loan. Shares are released for allocation to participants as loan payments are made. A
total of 54,581 and 56,700 shares were released and allocated to participants of the second ESOP for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cash dividends on unallocated shares are utilized to satisfy required debt
payments. Dividends on allocated shares are utilized to prepay debt which releases additional shares to participants.
ESOP compensation expense for both plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $1.3 million,
$1.7 million, and $1.9 million, respectively.
110
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company maintains a Supplemental Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “SESOP”), a non-qualified plan, that
provides supplemental benefits to certain executives who are prevented from receiving the full benefits contemplated by the
ESOP’s benefit formula due to tax law limits for tax-qualified plans. The supplemental payments for the SESOP consist of cash
payments representing the value of Company shares that cannot be allocated to participants under the ESOP due to legal
limitations imposed on tax-qualified plans. The Company's required contributions to the SESOP plan were $53,000, $54,000,
and $41,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The Company provides post-retirement medical and life insurance to a limited number of retired individuals. The
Company also provides retiree life insurance benefits to all qualified employees, up to certain limits. The following tables set
forth the funded status and components of postretirement benefit costs at December 31 measurement dates (in thousands):
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation beginning of year
$
815 $
979 $
1,133
2023
2022
2021
Interest cost
Actuarial loss (gain)
Benefits paid
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation end of year
53
289
(106)
1,051
26
(109)
(81)
815
Accrued liability (included in accrued expenses and other liabilities)
$
1,051 $
815 $
22
(77)
(99)
979
979
The following table sets forth the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (in
thousands):
Net loss (gain)
Prior service credit
Loss (gain) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
December 31,
2023
2022
$
$
185 $
(113)
72 $
(98)
(133)
(231)
The estimated net loss and prior service credit that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) into net periodic cost in 2024, are $9,000 and $19,000, respectively.
The following table sets forth the components of net periodic postretirement benefit costs for the years ended
December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 (in thousands):
Interest cost
Amortization of prior service credits
Amortization of unrecognized loss
Net postretirement benefit cost included in compensation and employee benefits
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
$
53 $
26 $
(19)
4
(19)
—
38 $
7 $
22
(20)
—
2
The assumed discount rate related to plan obligations reflects the weighted average of published market rates for high-
quality corporate bonds with terms similar to those of the plans expected benefit payments, rounded to the nearest quarter
percentage point.
111
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company’s discount rate and rate of compensation increase used in accounting for the plan are as follows:
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at period end:
Discount rate
Rate of increase in compensation(1)
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the year:
Discount rate
Rate of increase in compensation(1)
2023
2022
2021
4.83 %
N/A
5.02 %
N/A
5.02 %
N/A
2.50 %
N/A
2.50 %
N/A
2.00 %
N/A
(1) Since the covered population is only retirees, a compensation rate increase assumption was not used.
At December 31, 2023, a medical cost trend rate of 8.25% decreasing 0.50% per year thereafter until an ultimate rate
of 4.75% is reached, was used in the plan’s valuation. The Company’s healthcare cost trend rates are based, among other things,
on the Company’s own experience and third-party analysis of recent and projected healthcare cost trends.
A one percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trends would have the following effects (in thousands):
Aggregate of service and interest components of net periodic cost
(benefit)
$
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
5 $
99
3 $
80
(4) $
(87)
(2)
(70)
One Percentage Point Increase
One Percentage Point Decrease
2023
2022
2023
2022
Benefit payments of approximately $106,000, $81,000, and $99,000 were made in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The benefits expected to be paid under the postretirement health benefits plan for the next five years are as follows: $105,000 in
2024; $102,000 in 2025; $100,000 in 2026; $96,000 in 2027; and $92,000 in 2028. The benefit payments expected to be paid in
the aggregate for the years 2029 through 2033 are $395,000. The expected benefits are based on the same assumptions used to
measure the Company’s benefit obligation at December 31, 2023, and include estimated future employee service.
The Company maintains a nonqualified plan to provide for the elective deferral of all or a portion of director fees by
members of the Board of Directors, deferral of all or a portion of the compensation and/or annual incentive compensation
payable to eligible employees of the Company, and to provide to certain officers of the Company benefits in excess of those
permitted to be paid by the Company’s savings plan, ESOP, and profit-sharing plan under the applicable Internal Revenue
Code. The plan obligation was approximately $14.7 million and $13.5 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively,
and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Income (loss) under this plan was
$1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, $(2.2) million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and $1.7 million for
the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company invests to fund this future obligation, in various mutual funds designated as
trading securities. The securities are marked-to-market through current period earnings as a component of non-interest
income. Accrued obligations under this plan are credited or charged with the return on the trading securities portfolio as a
component of compensation and benefits expense.
112
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(13)
Equity Incentive Plans
On May 22, 2019, the Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 EIP”) was approved by
stockholders of the Company. Under the 2019 EIP, the maximum number of shares of stock that may be delivered to
participants in the form of stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) is 6,000,000. To the extent an equity award is
issued in the form of a restricted stock grant, or restricted stock unit, the number of stock options/SARs that can be granted is
reduced by 4.5. The maximum number of shares of stock that may be delivered to participants in the form of restricted stock
awards and restricted stock units is 1,333,333 shares. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 3,355,755 stock options, SARs and
restricted stock awards or restricted stock units remained available for issuance under the 2019 EIP, of which the maximum
number of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units available for issuance was 745,723.
Prior to May 22, 2019, the Company also maintained the Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the
“2014 EIP”) which allowed the Company to grant common stock or options to purchase common stock at specific prices to
directors and employees of the Company. The 2014 EIP provided for the issuance or delivery of up to 4,978,249 shares
(1,422,357 restricted shares and 3,555,892 stock options) of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. common stock subject to certain plan
limitations. Upon approval of the 2019 EIP, the 2014 EIP was frozen and equity awards that would otherwise have been
available for issuance were no longer available for grant, however, options previously granted under the 2014 EIP still remain
outstanding and exercisable.
There were no stock options granted in 2023, 2022 or 2021.
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recorded, $2.4 million, $1.8 million, and
$994,000 of stock-based compensation, respectively.
The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options as of December 31, 2023, and changes therein
during the year then ended:
Number of Stock
Options
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price
Weighted Average
Contractual Life
(years)
Outstanding- December 31, 2021
1,769,979 $
4.02 $
Exercised
Outstanding- December 31, 2022
Forfeited or cancelled
Exercised
Outstanding- December 31, 2023
Exercisable- December 31, 2023
(187,153)
1,582,826
(30,920)
(7,600)
1,544,306
3.92
4.03
3.97
3.91
4.03
1,544,306 $
4.03 $
13.95
13.23
14.04
13.79
13.13
14.05
14.05
2.95
—
2.01
—
—
1.01
1.01
There was no remaining future stock option expense related to the options outstanding as of December 31, 2023, as all
are vested.
On January 27, 2023, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 157,525
restricted stock awards with a total grant-date fair value of $2.3 million. Of these grants, 33,813 vest one year from the date of
grant and 123,712 vest in equal installments over a three-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company
also issued 34,724 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of
$499,000. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return
on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended January 27, 2026. At the end of the
performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 120% of target amounts.
On January 28, 2022, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 157,416
restricted stock awards with a total grant-date fair value of $2.5 million. Of these grants, 30,798 vest one year from the date of
grant and 126,618 vest in equal installments over a three-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company
also issued 24,492 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of
$386,484. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return
on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended January 28, 2025. At the end of the
performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 120% of target amounts.
113
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
On January 29, 2021, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 147,315
restricted stock units with a total grant-date fair value of $1.8 million. Of these grants, 32,769 vest one year from the date of
grant and 114,546 vest in equal installments over a five-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company
also issued 29,615 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of
$366,041. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return
on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended January 29, 2024, based on the Company's
performance relative to a peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. At the end of the
performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 225% of target amounts.
On February 17, 2020, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 EIP, 83,744 restricted stock
units with a total grant-date fair value of $1.3 million. Of these grants, 28,460 vest one year from the date of grant and 55,284
vest in equal installments over a five-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company also issued 19,837
performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of $313,623. Vesting of the
performance-based restricted stock units was based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return on Average Assets and
cliff-vested after a three-year measurement period ending February 17, 2023 based on the Company's performance relative to a
peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. At the end of the performance period, the number of
actual performance-based shares awarded was 27,842.
The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares as of December 31, 2023, and changes
therein during the year then ended:
Non-vested at December 31, 2021
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Non-vested at December 31, 2022
Granted
Incremental performance-based restricted stock units earned
Vested
Forfeited
Non-vested at December 31, 2023
Number of Shares
Awarded
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
222,844 $
181,908
(62,836)
(20,415)
321,501
192,249
10,353
(124,586)
(37,791)
361,726 $
13.21
15.78
12.87
14.34
14.66
14.37
—
13.96
14.36
14.36
Expected future stock award expense related to the non-vested restricted awards as of December 31, 2023, is $2.9
million over an average period of 1.78 years.
Upon the exercise of stock options, management expects to utilize treasury stock as the source of issuance for these
shares.
(14)
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company, in the normal course of business, is party to commitments that involve, to varying degrees, elements of
risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. These commitments include unused lines of
credit and commitments to extend credit.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the following commitment and contingent liabilities existed that are not reflected in
the accompanying consolidated financial statements (in thousands):
Commitments to extend credit
Unused lines of credit
Standby letters of credit
December 31,
2023
2022
$
6,972 $
292,721
6,391
37,473
288,380
4,432
114
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company’s maximum exposure to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the other party to these
commitments is represented by the contractual amount. The Company uses the same credit policies in granting commitments
and conditional obligations as it does for amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. These commitments and
obligations do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s
creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s
assessment of risk. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance
of a customer to a third-party. The guarantees generally extend for a term of up to one year and are fully collateralized. For each
guarantee issued, if the customer defaults on a payment to the third-party, the Company would have to perform under the
guarantee. The unamortized fee on standby letters of credit approximates their fair value; such fees were insignificant at both
December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on commitments to extend credit in other
liabilities. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve factor in the related funded loan
segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance was $236,000 and
$791,000, respectively, and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The corresponding provision is
included in other non-interest expense. For further details on the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures
refer to Note 6 - “Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on Loans.”
At December 31, 2023, the Company was obligated under non-cancelable operating leases on property used for
banking purposes. Most leases contain escalation clauses and renewal options which provide for increased rentals as well as for
increases in certain property costs including real estate taxes, common area maintenance, and insurance. For further details on
leases see Note 20 - “Leases.”
In the normal course of business, the Company may be a party to various outstanding legal proceedings and claims. In
the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements will not be materially affected by the outcome of such legal
proceedings and claims.
The Bank has entered into employment and change in control agreements with its President and Chief Executive
Officer and the other executive officers of the Company to ensure the continuity of executive leadership, to clarify the roles and
responsibilities of executives, and to make explicit the terms and conditions of executive employment. These agreements are for
a term of three years subject to review and annual renewal, and provide for certain levels of base annual salary and in the event
of a change in control, as defined, or in the event of termination, as defined, certain levels of base salary, bonus payments, and
benefits for a period of up to three years.
(15)
Regulatory Requirements
Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a
common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital
to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.
Under prompt corrective action regulations, the OCC is required to take certain supervisory actions (and may take
additional discretionary actions) with respect to an undercapitalized institution. Such actions could have a direct material effect
on the institution’s financial statements. The regulations establish a framework for the classification of savings institutions into
five categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically
undercapitalized. Generally, an institution is considered well capitalized if it has a leverage (Tier 1) ratio of 5.0% or greater, a
common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, and a total risk-based capital
ratio of 10.0% or greater.
The foregoing capital ratios are based in part on specific quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-
balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications also are subject to
qualitative judgments by the regulators about capital components, risk weighting, and other factors.
Under the U.S. Basel III capital framework, both Northfield Bank and the Company must maintain minimum capital
requirements which include: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital to risk-
based assets ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital to risk-based assets of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio of
4%. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and
certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting
of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-
based capital requirements.
115
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The federal banking agencies have developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (“CBLR”) (the ratio of a bank’s
tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A
qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage
requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes.
The federal banking agencies have approved 9% as the minimum capital for the CBLR. Effective March 31, 2020, a financial
institution could elect to be subject to this new definition. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp elected to opt into the CBLR
framework.
At December 31, 2023, and 2022, as set forth in the following tables, both Northfield Bank and the Company
exceeded all of the regulatory capital requirements to which they were subject at such dates.
The following is a summary of Northfield Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios compared to the regulatory
requirements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, for classification as a well-capitalized institution and minimum capital
(dollars in thousands):
For Capital
Adequacy
Purposes
For Well
Capitalized
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Actual
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
As of December 31, 2023:
CBLR
As of December 31, 2022:
CBLR
$
$
702,486
12.80 % $
493,966
9.00 % $ 493,966
9.00 %
710,719
12.68 % $
504,284
9.00 % $ 504,284
9.00 %
The following is a summary of the Company's regulatory capital amounts and ratios compared to the regulatory
requirements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, for classification as well-capitalized and minimum capital (dollars in
thousands).
For Capital
Adequacy
Purposes
For Well
Capitalized
Under Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
Actual
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
Amount
Ratio
As of December 31, 2023:
CBLR
As of December 31, 2022:
CBLR
$
$
(16)
Fair Value Measurements
690,721
12.58 % $
494,043
9.00 % $ 494,043
9.00 %
708,430
12.65 % $
503,977
9.00 % $ 503,977
9.00 %
The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value as of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, by level within the fair value hierarchy as required by the Fair Value Measurements and
Disclosures Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their
entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
• Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity
has the ability to access at the measurement date.
• Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability,
either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted
prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that
are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities,
credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data
by correlations or other means.
116
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
• Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023 Using:
Carrying Value
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
(in thousands)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasuries
$
U.S. Government agency securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
44,379 $
73,908
GSE
REMICs:
GSE
Total mortgage-backed securities
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total other debt securities
Total debt securities available-for-sale
Trading securities
Equity securities (1)
Total
337,540
213,100
550,640
763
125,774
126,537
795,464
12,549
330
44,379 $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
44,379
12,549
330
— $
73,908
337,540
213,100
550,640
763
125,774
126,537
751,085
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$
808,343 $
57,258 $
751,085 $
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
Multifamily
Home equity and lines of credit
Total individually evaluated real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans
Total
$
$
2,291 $
— $
— $
1,906
21
4,218
59
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,277 $
— $
— $
2,291
1,906
21
4,218
59
4,277
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $10.3 million at December 31, 2023, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
117
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using:
Carrying Value
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
(in thousands)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S Government agency securities
$
72,076 $
— $
72,076 $
Mortgage-backed securities
Pass-through certificate
GSE
REMICs:
GSE
Total mortgage-backed securities
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds
Corporate bonds
Total other debt securities
Total debt securities available-for sale
Trading securities
Equity securities (1)
Total
432,618
264,724 $
697,342
21
182,734
182,755
952,173
10,751
361
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
10,751
361
432,618
264,724
697,342
21
182,734
182,755
952,173
—
—
$
963,285 $
11,112 $
952,173 $
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate
One-to-four family residential mortgage
Home equity and lines of credit
Total impaired real estate loans
Commercial and industrial loans
Total
$
$
2,631 $
— $
— $
1,923
24
4,578
62
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4,640 $
— $
— $
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2,631
1,923
24
4,578
62
4,640
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $10.1 million at December 31, 2022, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
at December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Fair Value
Valuation Methodology
Unobservable Inputs
Range of Inputs
Individually evaluated loans
$
4,277 Appraisals
(in thousands)
Discount for costs to sell
Discount for quick sale
Discounted cash flows
Interest rates
7.0%
10.0%
4.88% - 7.50%
118
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
at December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
Fair Value
Valuation Methodology
Unobservable Inputs
Range of Inputs
Individually evaluated loans
$
4,640 Appraisals
(in thousands)
Discount for costs to sell
Discount for quick sale
Discounted cash flows
Interest rates
7.0%
10.0%
4.88% - 7.50%
The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the tables below
on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Debt Securities Available-for-Sale: The estimated fair values for mortgage-backed securities, corporate, and other
debt securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The estimated fair values are
derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment
speeds. Broker/dealer quotes are utilized as well, when such quotes are available and deemed representative of the market. The
significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company
(Observable Inputs), and are therefore classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers of securities
between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Trading Securities: Fair values are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The assets consist of
publicly traded mutual funds.
Equity Securities: Fair values of equity securities consisting of publicly traded mutual funds are derived from quoted
market prices in active markets.
Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment: At December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had
loans individually evaluated for impairment (excluding PCD loans) with outstanding principal balances of $6.0 million and $6.7
million, respectively, which were recorded at their estimated fair value of $4.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The
Company recorded a net increase in the specific reserve for impaired loans of $7,000 and $8,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net charge-offs of $6.4 million and $838,000 were recorded for the years ended
December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, utilizing Level 3 inputs. For purposes of estimating the fair value of impaired loans,
management utilizes independent appraisals, if the loan is collateral-dependent, adjusted downward by management, as
necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date, or the present value of expected future cash
flows for non-collateral-dependent loans.
Other Real Estate Owned: At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company had no assets acquired
through foreclosure.
In addition, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure the fair value of certain other financial assets
on a non-recurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of
lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The FASB ASC Topic for Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial
liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring
or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are
measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The following methods and assumptions were
used to estimate the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities not already discussed above:
(a)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term in nature with original maturities of three months or less; the carrying
amount approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit having original terms of six-months or less; the carrying value generally
approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit with an original maturity of six months or greater; the fair value is derived from
discounted cash flows.
119
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(b)
Debt Securities (Held-to-Maturity)
The estimated fair values for substantially all of our securities are obtained from an independent, nationally recognized
pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes market prices of same or similar securities whenever such prices are
available. Prices involving distressed sellers are not utilized in determining fair value. Where necessary, the independent third-
party pricing service estimates fair value using models employing techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis. The
assumptions used in these models typically include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayments, utilizing
market observable data where available.
(c)
Investments in Equity Securities at Net Asset Value Per Share
The Company uses net asset value as a practical expedient to record its investment in a private SBA Loan Fund since
the shares in the fund are not publicly traded, do not have a readily determinable fair value, and the net asset value per share is
calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of an investment company.
(d)
FHLBNY Stock
FHLBNY stock is carried at cost, which approximates fair value, since this is the amount for which it could be
redeemed and there is no active market for this stock.
(e)
Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type
such as originated and purchased, and further segregated by residential mortgage, construction, land, multifamily, commercial
and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into amortizing and non-amortizing and fixed and adjustable rate
interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories. The fair value of loans is estimated using a discounted cash
flow analysis. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity,
credit, and non-performance risk of the loans.
(f)
Loans (Held-for-Sale)
Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore
fair value is equal to carrying value.
(g)
Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as interest and non-interest-bearing demand deposits, savings,
NOW and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based
on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of
similar remaining maturities.
(h)
Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit
The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently
charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present
creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between
current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of off-balance-sheet commitments is insignificant and
therefore not included in the following table.
(i)
Borrowings
The fair value of borrowed funds is estimated by discounting future cash flows based on rates currently available for
debt with similar terms and remaining maturity.
120
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(j)
Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance have no stated maturity; the fair value is equal to the amount
currently payable.
(k)
Derivatives
The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable
market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
The estimated fair values of the Company’s significant financial instruments at December 31, 2023 and 2022, are
presented in the following tables (in thousands):
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trading securities
Debt securities available-for-sale
Debt securities held-to-maturity
Equity securities (1)
FHLBNY stock, at cost
Net loans held-for-investment
Derivative assets
Financial liabilities:
Deposits
December 31, 2023
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
$
229,506 $ 229,506 $
12,549
795,464
9,866
330
39,667
4,166,119
4,903
12,549
44,379
—
330
—
—
—
— $
—
751,085
9,586
—
39,667
— $
229,506
—
—
—
—
—
12,549
795,464
9,586
330
39,667
—
3,887,033
3,887,033
4,903
—
4,903
$ 3,878,435 $
— $ 3,879,286 $
— $ 3,879,286
FHLB advances and other borrowings (including securities
sold under agreements to repurchase)
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
Derivative liabilities
859,272
61,219
25,102
4,905
—
—
—
—
844,766
45,531
25,102
4,905
—
—
—
—
844,766
45,531
25,102
4,905
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $10.3 million at December 31, 2023, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
121
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trading securities
Debt securities available-for-sale
Debt securities held-to-maturity
Equity securities (1)
FHLBNY stock, at cost
Net loans held-for-investment
Derivative assets
Financial liabilities:
Deposits
December 31, 2022
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
$
45,799 $
45,799 $
10,751
952,173
10,760
361
30,382
4,201,076
5,321
10,751
—
—
361
—
—
—
— $
—
952,173
10,389
—
30,382
— $
—
—
—
—
—
45,799
10,751
952,173
10,389
361
30,382
—
4,016,849
4,016,849
5,321
—
5,321
$ 4,150,219 $
— $ 4,148,938 $
— $ 4,148,938
FHLB advances and other borrowings (including securities
sold under agreements to repurchase)
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance
Derivative liabilities
583,859
60,996
25,995
5,321
—
—
—
—
564,588
54,393
25,995
5,321
—
—
—
564,588
54,393
25,995
5,321
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $10.1 million at December 31, 2022, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about
the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one
time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of
the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current
economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in
nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision.
Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to
estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial
instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant
effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
122
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(17)
Earnings Per Share
The following is a summary of the Company’s earnings per share calculations and reconciliation of basic to diluted
earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except share and per share data):
Net income available to common stockholders
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic
43,560,844
46,234,122
48,416,495
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and stock options outstanding
77,772
203,997
337,768
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted
Earnings per share-basic
Earnings per share-diluted
Anti-dilutive shares
(18)
Stock Repurchase Program
43,638,616
46,438,119
48,754,263
$
$
0.86 $
0.86 $
1.32 $
1.32 $
1.46
1.45
1,542,194
756,765
323,466
On March 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program of $54.2 million
which was completed in March 2022 upon reaching the purchase limit. On June 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the
Company approved a $45.0 million stock repurchase program. The Company suspended repurchases on March 16, 2023, and
reinstated them on May 1, 2023 and the program was completed in May 2023, upon reaching the purchase limit. On June 1,
2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a $10.0 million stock repurchase program which was completed in
August 2023 upon reaching the purchase limit. On November 7, 2023, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a
$7.5 million stock repurchase program. Under the stock repurchase programs, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares
and anticipates conducting such repurchases in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The
timing of the repurchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the
Company’s liquidity and capital requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury
stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any
time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment
opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate. These factors may also affect the timing and amount of share
repurchases. The Company is not obligated to purchase any particular number of shares.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 3,074,332 shares of its common stock
outstanding at an average price of $11.99 for a total of $36.9 million pursuant to the stock repurchase plans. During the year
ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 2,092,157 shares of its common stock outstanding at an average price of
$14.72 for a total of $30.8 million pursuant to the stock repurchase plan. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the
Company repurchased 3,342,700 shares of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $15.91 for a total of
$53.2 million, pursuant to the stock repurchase plan. At December 31, 2023, the maximum dollar value of shares remaining for
repurchase under the plan was $3.1 million.
The Company also purchases shares directly from its employees in connection with employee elections to withhold
taxes related to the vesting of stock awards. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased 12,307 shares
of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $14.60 per share for such purpose. No shares were purchased from
employees in 2022 or 2021.
(19)
Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from
Contracts with Customers ("Topic 606"). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it
transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to
be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments,
including revenue from loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s revenue.
123
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposit accounts,
ATM and card interchange fees, investment services fees, and other miscellaneous income. Fees and service charges for
customer services include: (i) service charges on deposit accounts, including account maintenance fees, overdraft fees,
insufficient funds fees, wire fees, and other deposit related fees; (ii) ATM and card interchange fees, which include fees
generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM, and fees earned
whenever the Bank's debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa; and (iii) investment services fees
earned through partnering with a third-party investment and brokerage service firm to provide insurance and investment
products to customers. The Company's performance obligation for fees and service charges is satisfied and related revenue
recognized immediately or in the month of performance of services. For the year ended December 31, 2023, other income
primarily included fee income on interest rate swaps and rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a
third party. In prior years, other income primarily included rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a
third party, loan servicing fees, and fee income on interest rate swaps.
The following table summarizes non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Fees and service charges for customer services:
Service charges
ATM and card interchange fees
Investment fees
Total fees and service charges for customer services
Income on bank-owned life insurance (1)
(Losses)/gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net (1)
Gains/(losses) on trading securities, net (1)
Gains on sale of loans (1)
Other (1)
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
$
3,085
$
3,380
$
1,932
462
5,479
3,631
(17)
1,721
134
948
1,920
405
5,705
3,414
279
(2,206)
453
338
3,075
1,893
426
5,394
4,103
1,495
1,703
1,401
357
Total non-interest income
$
11,896
$
7,983
$
14,453
(1) Not within the scope of Topic 606
(20)
Leases
The Company’s leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending from
two months up to 31.5 years. At December 31, 2023, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases, which are
required to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease
right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent the right to
use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the
lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception,
over a similar term in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain leases include options to renew, with one or
more renewal terms ranging from five to ten years. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the
Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.
At December 31, 2023, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on
the consolidated balance sheet were $30.2 million and $35.2 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s
operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $34.3 million
and $39.8 million, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while
variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real
estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy
expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
124
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Supplemental lease information at or for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows (dollars in
thousands):
Operating lease cost
Variable lease cost
Net lease cost
At or for the Year Ended
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2022
December 31, 2021
$
$
6,037
3,844
9,881
6,487
645
$
$
$
$
6,006
3,621
9,627
6,350
4,983
$
$
$
$
5,797
4,092
9,889
6,538
1,596
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities $
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
$
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
11.09 years
11.22 years
11.84 years
Weighted average discount rate
3.60 %
3.54 %
3.55 %
The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter in addition to
a reconcilement to the Company's current lease liability (dollars in thousands):
Year
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total lease payments
Less: imputed interest
Present value of lease liabilities
Amount
6,133
5,792
5,029
4,068
3,803
19,343
44,168
(8,963)
35,205
$
$
Net rental expense included in occupancy expense was approximately $6.0 million, $6.1 million, and $5.9 million for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into a new lease for commercial banking space in
Elizabeth, New Jersey. The lease has an initial term of 10 years ending December 15, 2033 and undiscounted cash payments of
approximately $850,000 in total.
The Company has given notice of its intent to exercise a five-year option on its Linden branch lease commencing
March 1, 2024 through February 28, 2029. During the five-year renewal term, the rent will be fixed at $19,657 per month for
the entire five years totaling approximately $1.2 million.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not entered into any leases that have not yet commenced.
(21)
Derivatives
The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan-
related transaction and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The interest
rate swap agreement which the Company executed with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower’s
commercial real estate financed by the Company. The collateral exceeds the maximum potential amount of future payments
under the credit derivative. As these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair
value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had ten interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $72.7 million. At
December 31, 2022, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $37.0 million. The Company
recorded fee income related to these swaps of $383,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. There was no fee income
related to these swaps for the year ended December 31, 2022.
125
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The table below presents the fair value of derivatives as well as their location on the consolidated balance sheets (in
thousands):
Balance Sheet Location
Other assets
Other liabilities
Fair Value
December 31,
2023
2022
$
4,903 $
4,905
5,321
5,321
(22)
Parent-only Financial Information
The following condensed parent company-only financial information reflects Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s investment in
its wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary, Northfield Bank, using the equity method of accounting.
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheets
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
760,664 $
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
Interest on ESOP loan
$
1,336 $
627 $
Assets
Cash in Northfield Bank
Investment in Northfield Bank
ESOP loan receivable
Other assets
Total assets
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs
Total liabilities
Total stockholders' equity
Interest income on deposits in other financial institutions
Undistributed earnings of Northfield Bank
Total income
Interest expense on subordinated debt
Other expenses
Income tax (benefit) expense
Total expenses
Net income
Comprehensive income:
Net income
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Comprehensive income
December 31,
2023
2022
(in thousands)
$
29,188 $
711,211
16,501
3,764
39,950
703,666
17,814
1,635
760,664 $
763,065
$
$
61,219 $
—
699,445
60,996
679
701,390
763,065
Years Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(in thousands)
489
39,662
41,487
3,320
900
(402)
3,818
4
62,964
63,595
1,797
1,020
(341)
2,476
677
18
70,956
71,651
—
831
166
997
$
$
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
37,669 $
61,119 $
15,889
(50,394)
53,558 $
10,725 $
70,654
(11,097)
59,557
126
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
(Increase) decrease in other assets
Amortization of debt issuance costs
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities
Undistributed earnings of Northfield Bank
Net cash used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Dividends from Northfield Bank
Net cash provided by investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt, net of issuance costs
Principal payments on ESOP loan receivable
Purchase of treasury stock
Dividends paid
Exercise of stock options
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
December 31,
2023
2022
2021
(in thousands)
$
37,669 $
61,119 $
70,654
(3,158)
223
(679)
(39,662)
(5,607)
53,400
53,400
702
112
420
(62,964)
(611)
17,143
17,143
—
1,313
(37,173)
(22,795)
100
(58,555)
(10,762)
39,950
29,188 $
60,884
1,469
(30,881)
(24,127)
1,662
9,007
25,539
14,411
39,950 $
$
(4,034)
—
12
(70,956)
(4,324)
69,916
69,916
—
1,553
(53,321)
(24,299)
3,409
(72,658)
(7,066)
21,477
14,411
127
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Steven M. Klein, our Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, our Chief Financial
Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)
and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) or (the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2023. Based
upon their evaluation, they each found that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial
reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control system is a process
designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and
fair presentation of published financial statements.
Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of
records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable
assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or
timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on our
financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems
determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and
presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as
of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessment we conclude that, as
of December 31, 2023, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements has
issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31,
2023, and it is included in Item 8, under Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This report appears on page 69 of this
document.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2023
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended December 31, 2023, no directors or executive officers of the Company adopted or
terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company securities that was intended to
satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) and/or any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”
ITEM 9C.
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not Applicable.
128
PART III
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The sections of the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Company’s 2024 Annual Meeting of the
Stockholders (the “2024 Proxy Statement”) entitled “Corporate Governance and Board Matters -Board of Directors, Leadership
Structure, Role in Risk Oversight, Meetings and Standing Committees,” “-Director Nominees,” “- Directors Continuing in
Office,” “- Codes of Conduct and Ethics,” “-Executive Officers who are not Directors” and “Other Information - Delinquent
Section 16(a) Reports,” are incorporated herein by reference.
A copy of the Code of Conduct and Ethics for Employees, Officers, and Directors and the Code of Conduct and Ethics
for Senior Financial Officers is available to shareholders under the Investor Relations tab on the Company's website at
www.eNorthfield.com.
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The sections of the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement entitled “Corporate Governance and Board Matters-Director
Compensation” and “Executive Compensation” are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The section of the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement entitled “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” is incorporated
herein by reference.
Set forth below is information as of December 31, 2023, with respect to compensation plans (other than our employee
stock ownership plan) under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance:
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Number of Securities to
be Issued Upon Exercise
of Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights(1)
Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Stock-Based Compensation
Plans (Excluding Securities
Reflected in First Column)(2)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
Total
1,544,306 $
N/A
1,544,306 $
14.05
N/A
14.05
3,355,755
N/A
3,355,755
(1) Represents the weighted average exercise price of outstanding options at December 31, 2023.
(2) To the extent an equity award is issued in the form of a restricted stock grant, or restricted stock unit, the number of stock options/SARs that can be granted
is reduced by 4.5.
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The sections of the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement entitled “Corporate Governance and Board Matters-Transactions
with Certain Related Persons” and “-Board of Directors, Leadership Structure, Role in Oversight, Meetings and Standing
Committees” are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our independent registered public accounting firm is Crowe, LLP, Livingston, New Jersey, PCAOB Firm ID: 173
The sections of the Company’s 2024 Proxy Statement entitled “Audit-Related Matters-Policy for Approval of Audit
and Permitted Non-audit Services” and “-Auditor Fees and Services” are incorporated herein by reference.
129
PART IV
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements
The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(A) Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(B) Consolidated Balance Sheets - at December 31, 2023, and 2022
(C) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
(D) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity - Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and
2021
(E) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
(F) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) Exhibits
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
Certificate of Incorporation of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-181995), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2012.)
Bylaws of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Northfield Bancorp,
Inc. (File No. 333-181995), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2012.)
Text of amendment to Bylaws of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated November 16, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on November 17, 2022.)
Form of Common Stock Certificate of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form
S-1 of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-181995), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2012.)
Description of Registrant's Securities (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K
dated December 31, 2019, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2020.)
Indenture, dated as of June 17, 2022, by and between Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and UMB Bank, National Association, as trustee
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 2022, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2022.)
Form of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2032 of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2022.)
Short Term Disability and Long Term Disability for Senior Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registration
Statement on Form S-1 of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-143643), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on June 11, 2007.) †
Northfield Bank Non-Qualified Supplemental Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield
Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2007, (File Number 001-33732), filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on March 31, 2008.) †
Amendment to Northfield Bank Non-Qualified Supplemental Employee Stock Ownership Plan (Incorporated by reference to
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2008, (File Number 001-33732), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2009.) †
Group Term Replacement Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated
April 28, 2010, (File Number 001-33732), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2010.) †
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s
Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (File No. 001-35791) filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on April 25, 2014.) †
Form of Employee Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan with the Exception of Steven M. Klein
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, dated June 30, 2014, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2014.) †
Form of Addendum to Restricted Stock Award and Stock Option Agreements to Participants of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 17, 2014, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2014.) †
Form of Employee Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan with the Exception of Steven M. Klein
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, dated June 30, 2015, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2015.) †
Form of Employee Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan with Steven M. Klein (Incorporated by
reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, dated June 30, 2015, (File Number 001-35791, filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2015.) †
130
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
Form of Director Non-Statutory Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by
reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, dated June 30, 2015, (File Number 001-35791), filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2015.) †
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective November 1, 2017, with Steven M. Klein (Incorporated by reference
to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 25, 2017, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on October 30, 2017.) †
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement effective January 1, 2018, with William R. Jacobs (Incorporated by reference to
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 13, 2017, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2017.) †
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s
Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2019.) †
Form of CEO Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference
to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of Executive Vice President Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020, (File Number
001-35791)filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of Employee (Below Executive Vice President) Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of CEO Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of Executive Vice President Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of Incentive Employee Stock Option Agreement (Time-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated
by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 17, 2020, (File Number 001-35791),
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2020.) †
Form of President and Chief Executive Officer Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive
Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29, 2021, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2021.) †
Form of Executive Vice President Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29, 2021, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2021.) †
Form of Employee (Below Executive Vice President) Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29, 2021,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2021.) †
Form of President and Chief Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019
Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29,
2021, (File Number 001-35791)filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2021.) †
Form of Executive Vice President Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 29, 2021,
(File Number 001-35791)filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 4, 2021.) †
Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement for Steven M. Klein, William R. Jacobs, David V. Fasanella, and Robin
Lefkowitz (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q dated September 30, 2021,
2021, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2021.) †
Form of Director Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by
reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022, (File Number 001-35791) filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Form of President and Chief Executive Officer Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive
Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022, (File
Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Form of Executive Vice President Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022, (File Number
001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Form of Employee (Below Executive Vice President) Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Form of President and Chief Executive Officer Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019
Equity Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26,
2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
131
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
97
21
23.1
23.2
31.1
31.2
32
101
Form of Executive Vice President Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Performance-Based Vesting) under the 2019 Equity
Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. Management Cash Incentive Governing Plan, amended January 26, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 26, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2022.) †
Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2022, by and between Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and each
of the several Purchasers (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17,
2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2022.)
Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2022, by and between Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and each of the
several Purchasers (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 2022,
(File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2022.)
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2023 Management Cash Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated January 25, 2023, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
January 31, 2023.) †
Northfield Bank Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc's Annual
Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on March 1, 2023.) †
Northfield Bank Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan Adoption Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Northfield
Bancorp, Inc's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on March 1, 2023.)
Form of Employment Agreement with David V. Fasanella, Robin Lefkowitz, and Vickie Tomasello (Incorporated by reference
to Northfield Bancorp, Inc's Annual Report on Form 10-K dated December 31, 2022, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2023.) †
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2024 Management Cash Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Northfield Bancorp, Inc.’s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated January 24, 2024, (File Number 001-35791), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
January 29, 2024.) †
Policy Relating to Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation.†*
Subsidiaries of Registrant (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (File
No. 333-143643), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 11, 2007.)
Consent of KPMG LLP *
Consent of Crowe LLP *
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 *
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements
of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
† Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
Not Applicable.
132
STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION
Corporate Headquarters
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
581 Main Street, Suite 810
Woodbridge, New Jersey 07095
(732) 499-7200
www.eNorthfield.com
Annual Meeting of Stockholders
The 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. has been set
for 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on May 22, 2024. The Annual Meeting will be held
in a virtual only format in order to maximize efficiency and participation. You
may participate in the Annual Meeting, submit questions, and vote online, until
voting is closed at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/NFBK2024. The voting
record date is March 27, 2024. If you plan to vote during the meeting, please
retain your voting control number in the materials separately provided.
Copies of the Northfield Bancorp, Inc. 2023 Annual Report and Form 10-K
(excluding exhibits) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are
available without charge by contacting:
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Corporate Secretary
(732) 499-7200
ir@eNorthfield.com
or by going to www.eNorthfield.com/proxy
Stockholder Inquiries
For information regarding your shares of common stock of Northfield Bancorp,
Inc., please contact:
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
Corporate Secretary
(732) 499-7200
ir@eNorthfield.com
Stock Listing
Northfield Bancorp, Inc. common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select
Market under the symbol NFBK.
Registrar and Transfer Agent
Broadridge Corporate
Issuer Solutions, Inc.
P.O. Box 1342
Brentwood, New York 11717
http://shareholder.broadridge.com/nfbk
shareholder@broadridge.com
Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm
Crowe LLP
354 Eisenhower Parkway, Suite 2050
Livingston, New Jersey 07039