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Ocean Outdoor Limited

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FY2019 Annual Report · Ocean Outdoor Limited
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Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements 
Year ended 31 December 2019 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contents  

Key Highlights 
Co - Chairmen’s statement 
Report of the Directors  
Corporate Governance  
Independent Auditors’ report to the members of Ocean Outdoor Limited 
Consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income  
Consolidated statement of financial position  
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 
Consolidated statement of cash flows  
Notes to financial statements 
Appendix 

  1 
  2  
       4 
     13 
16  
     23 
25 
26 
27 
     28 
             71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Key Highlights 

The  following  headline  financial  information  is  on  both  the  audited  figures  and  unaudited  proforma1 
figures for Ocean Outdoor Limited and its subsidiaries ("Ocean", "the Group" or "the Company"), with 
comparisons between FY19 and FY18.  

Financial reported highlights 

  Billings2 recognised by the Group in FY19 were £135.1m (FY18: £70.3m) 
  Revenue generated by the business in the year totalled £104.0m (FY18: £49.8m) 
  Group gross profit was £44.9m (FY18: £20.4m) 
  Reported Adjusted EBITDA3  was £52.7m (FY18: £16.9m) 
  Cash on balance sheet of £26.9m (FY18: £160.5m), with no external borrowings 
  Net assets balance of £369.2m (FY18: £387.6m) 
  Cash generated from operations totalling £46.8m (FY18: £12.8) 

Financial unaudited proforma1 highlights 

  Billings2 increased 14% year on year to £173.4m (FY18: £152.7m) 
  Revenue rose 14% to £141.3m (FY18: £124.5m) 
  Gross profit increased by 9% to £57.4m (FY18: £52.6m), with a gross profit margin of 40.6% 

(FY18: 42.2%) 

  Adjusted EBITDA3 up 9% to £33.2m (FY18: £30.4m), with an adjusted EBITDA margin of 23.5% 

(FY18: 24.4%) 

Operational highlights 

  Completed five acquisitions: 

  Ngage 

Media 
Interbest B.V,

("Ngage") 

B.V 
"Interbest") for a combined

and

Ocean 

Outdoor 

Nederland
cash consideration

B.V 
of

initial

(Formerly 
£44m 

called

  DKTD  Media  B.V  ("Beyond  Outdoor"),  adding  another  8  screen  locations  in  the 

Netherlands 

  Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB (Formerly called  Visual Art Sweden Holding 
AB, "Visual Art"),  a  Sweden based media sales and  digital signage group  operating 
25,000 screens across 24 countries, for £58m 

  AdCityMedia AB  (“ACM”), a premium out-of-home operator based in Sweden focussed 
on large format digital and high-end city centre locations across the Nordics, for £24m 
  Purchasing the landlord agreements for the large format displays of Clear Channel across the 

Netherlands 

  Awarded  long-term  contracts  with  Glasgow  City  Council  and  Southampton  City  Council,  to 

redevelop and introduce new large format digital screens 

  Successful extension of the iconic BFI IMAX and LandSec’s Piccadilly Lights contract 
  Concluded rollout of 128 roadside digital 6-sheet faces across the Midlands 
  Exclusive  partnership  with  the  UK's  largest  commercial  broadcaster  ITV,  to  broadcast  live 

content and highlight packages from the Rugby World Cup 2019 

  Sponsorship deal with DS Automobiles in association with Ocean’s coverage of Formula E 

1 Ocean Outdoor Limited was an investment vehicle at the start of FY18. Due to the mid-year acquisitions in FY18 of SCP 
Acquisition Topco Limited and Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited and the mid-year acquisition in FY19 of Ngage Media B.V 
Ocean  Outdoor  Nederland  B.V,  DKTD  Media  B.V,  Ocean  Outdoor  Nordics  VA  Holding  AB  and  AdCityMedia  AB,  the 
consolidated  statement  of  profit  and  loss  presented  on  page  23  does  not  provide  a  year  on  year  comparison  for  the 
underlying  performance  and  operations.  The  financial  highlights  detailed  above  are  on  an  unaudited  proforma  basis  for 
Ocean Outdoor Limited and all subsidiaries in the Group as at 31 December 2019 as if the same subsidiaries had been 
owned from 1 January 2018. 
2  Billings  represent  the  advertising  spend  by  the  advertiser,  including  fees  directly  payable  by  the  advertiser  to  their 
advertising agency, exclusive of sales tax. 
3 Adjusted EBITDA is the Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, Amortisation and adjusted for one off items.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Co - Chairmen’s Statement 

It is with pleasure that we present to you, the shareholders, the Report and audited financial statements 
of Ocean Outdoor Limited for the year ended 31 December 2019.  

Introduction 

2019 was a transformational year for Ocean, one which saw the business progress from being a UK 
centric digital out-of-home operator to  becoming a significant  player across Northern  Europe. Whilst 
this  expansion  happened,  the  business  continued  to  innovate  and  invest  in  the  portfolio  in  order  to 
enhance our ability to deliver the most impactful campaigns and brand experiences, putting it at the 
leading edge of the digital out-of-home market.  

Following Ocean’s readmission to the London Stock Exchange at the start of the year, we successfully 
completed a series of acquisitions in line with our strategy, turning Ocean into a prominent digital out-
of-home operator in its markets. At the same time, we have also met our organic growth targets as a 
result of winning new, major city contracts and significantly expanding our portfolio of premium roadside 
and city digital networks.   

Acquisitions and Developments 

Ocean established its presence in the Netherlands following the acquisitions of Interbest and Ngage. 
The  Group’s  Dutch  footprint  was  further  expanded  in  May  with  the  acquisition  of  Beyond  Outdoor. 
Collectively  these  three  businesses  have  been  rebranded  and  relaunched  as  Ocean  Netherlands 
following the integration process.  

In September, we developed a substantial position in the Nordics through the acquisition of Visual Art, 
Sweden's largest pure-play digital out-of-home operator with more than 260 locations across a mix of 
retail, rail, airport and leisure destinations in 41 key cities in Sweden including Stockholm, Gothenburg 
and Malmö, as well as strong presence in Denmark and Finland, and reach into Germany through its 
retail  OOH  partnership  with  Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield,  covering  15  shopping  malls  in  Germany, 
including those in Berlin and Munich.  

The Visual Art transaction also included the creation of a digital signage technology  business, Visual 
Art  Technologies,  following  Ocean’s  £13m  investment.  Visual  Art  Technologies  designs,  produces, 
installs, broadcasts and operates cutting edge, high tech-enabled digital signage systems and operates 
in 24 countries, with over 4,300 locations and over 25,000 screens for clients in all sectors. Some of its 
biggest clients include McDonald’s, H&M and the supermarket chain ICA. 

In November, we announced the intention to acquire our second Nordic business, ACM, on which we 
obtained  control  in  December  2019.  The  company,  based  in  Sweden,  is  a  premium  out-of-home 
operator focussed on large format digital and high-end city centre locations in Sweden and Norway with 
approximately 1,500 locations and approximately 4,500 digital screens across a mix of retail and leisure 
destinations in key cities including Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Oslo. The integration of Visual 
Art and ACM has been expedited in recent months, and combining them has created the leading DOOH 
operator in the Nordic region.  

The Group has continued to be at the forefront of the sector by enhancing its portfolio with increasingly 
engaging  products  and  driving  forwards  with  its  “digital  cities  for  digital  citizens”  philosophy.  During 
2019, the out-of-home market continued to grow, with UK market spend rising 7.6%, which is testament 
to its unique ability to immediately deliver high impact advertising at scale, with brands also focussing 
on premium locations to deliver their campaigns. Whilst 2020 is set to be very difficult due to the impact 
of COVID-19, the longer-term trends within DOOH provide us with optimism that Ocean will re-emerge 
in a strong position as lockdowns are eased across our markets and economies and businesses begin 
to rebuild.  

During 2019 we also learnt more about the marketing impact of digital out-of-home, which is helping us 
with our future innovation and delivery of memorable campaigns. To support the Group's research and 
development programme, Ocean commissioned two new ground-breaking Neuroscience based studies 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

in  the  year.  The  research  examined  the  effectiveness  of  full  motion  digital  out-of-home  creativity, 
showing that full motion screens with technology are on average over three-times more impactful than 
just using full motion, and eight-times more impactful than static advertising. 

Covid-19 

Whilst we started 2020 with a strong base of assets and were expecting improved margins for the year, 
we are now facing unprecedented global events following the spread of Covid-19. Although it is still too 
early  to  form  a  definitive  view  on  the  impact  of  Covid-19  for  the  current  year,  the  various  lockdown 
measures enforced by governments in the countries where we operate has led to a significant slowdown 
in the out of home sector and we are not immune from these effects.  

In response, the Board and our highly experienced executive teams across our territories have been 
focused on implementing all the necessary measures to ensure that we can withstand the significant 
impact this will have during 2020. Despite the downturn, our view is that DOOH will bounce-back more 
quickly  than  other  mediums  due  to  the  very  nature  of  being  outdoor,  highly  versatile  and  the  most 
impactful way to deliver messages and campaigns. With the business heavily weighted to digital and 
operating prime city and roadside locations, we believe Ocean is best placed to capitalise as business 
activity increases.  

Whilst we maintain sufficient liquidity for the short term, the impact of COVID-19 has led us to raise the 
first debt facility for the Group. This will act as a boost to liquidity to assist the business manage through 
the  cash  flow  impact  of  the  significantly  reduced  revenues  across  Q2  and  likely  reduced  revenues 
across Q3. 

We would like to thank our employees for all the hard work and dedication during what has been a busy 
and landmark year for the Group. More importantly, we want to take this opportunity to thank all our 
employees for their continued commitment to Ocean during these difficult and uncertain times and to 
reassure everyone that we are confident that as soon as circumstances permit us to do so, business 
will resume as normal. 

Tom Goddard and Aryeh Bourkoff 

Co-Chairmen 
8 June 2020 

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Report of the directors 

The  directors  present  their  report  together  with  the  audited  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended 
31 December 2019.  

Status and activities 

Company

the 
Whilst

consolidation
In 
FY18
pursue
vehicle.
strategic and complementary acquisitions intended to enhance Ocean's scale, customer offering and
deepen its market leadership.

out-of-home 
Company 

announced 
Ocean's 

build 
initiatives, 

its 
organic 

to 
growth 

scale 
the 

supporting 

intention

looking 

media 

was 

a 

to

In FY19 the Company, true to its intentions, undertook
its organic growth

initiative.

five

strategic acquisitions, whilst also executing

renamed Ocean
It
completed the double acquisition of Ngage and Interbest
Outdoor Nederland B.V) on 11 March 2019, for a combined
cash consideration of approximately
£44m, providing the Group with a strong foothold in the Dutch Digital Out of Home (DOOH) market.
This was followed by the acquisition of
on 29 May 2019. These acquisitions enhanced
the Ocean portfolio offering by adding 171 screen locations in the Netherlands.

(Interbest
initial

Beyond Outdoor

subsequently

was

2019 the Group executed its next acquisition, that

On 13 September
with a significant presence in the Nordics. The consideration was approximately
sales business within the acquired group.
signage 
was 
business 
Ocean’s investment in the

£58m for the
Following a reorganisation of the acquired group, the

of Visual Art, providing the Group
media
digital
vendors.

Technologies
£13m.

and
new entity

Visual 
was

approximately

original 

formed 

split 

with 

was 

the 

out 

Art 

The
final 
approximately

acquisition 

of 

for
£24m. This strategic acquisition makes Ocean a significant player in the Nordic market. 

acquisition 

holding 

97.4% 

public 

FY19 

offer 

ACM

was 

and 

the

of 

in

Unaudited pro forma profit and loss 

Ocean Outdoor Limited was an investment vehicle in FY18. Due to the acquisitions in  FY18 of SCP 
Acquisition Topco Limited and subsidiaries and Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited and subsidiaries at 
different dates, and the acquisition in FY19 of Ngage, Interbest, Beyond Outdoor, Visual Art media sales 
and ACM, also at different dates, the consolidated statement of profit and loss presented on page 23 
does not provide a year on year comparison for the underlying performance and operations. For the 
benefit of users of the accounts, unaudited proforma statements of total comprehensive income can be 
found in the appendix (refer to page 71), which shows the year on year results on a combined basis 
assuming subsidiaries acquired during any given period had been acquired on 1 January 2018. 

Included in the appendix is an unaudited proforma profit and loss for the Group, UK operations, Dutch 
operations and the Nordic operations for FY18 and FY19. The Group includes all group companies, UK 
operations  includes  what  was  previously  referred  to  as  SCP  Acquisition  Topco  Limited  and  its 
subsidiaries  and  Forrest  Media  (Holdings)  Limited  and  subsidiaries,  the  Dutch  operations  include 
Ngage, Interbest and Beyond Outdoor and the Nordic operations includes Visual Art media sales and 
ACM. 

Analysis using financial key performance indicators 

Directors  and  managers  assess  performance  using  performance  indicators  at  a  Group  level.  The 
Group's key performance indicators (KPI) are Billings, Revenue and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, 
Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation excluding one off items (Adjusted EBITDA. This is generated from 
the companies within the Group.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Please see the table below for KPI’s on the reported numbers 

KPI’s on Reported figures 

2019 

2018 

Billings £’000 
Revenue £’000 
Reported Adjusted EBITDA £’000 
(Including IFRS 16 in FY19)1 
1  Reported  adjusted  EBITDA  represents  the  profit  from  operations  of  £3.0m  plus  depreciation  and 

135,080 
104,033 
52,744 

70,288 
49,795 
16,888 

amortisation costs of £46.4m plus one off non-recurring costs of £3.3m. 

Billings, revenue and EBITDA have all seen significant increases in the year. The year on year increase 
is due to two main factors: 

-  UK operations saw growth within its UK business with both billings and revenue up 43%. This 
increase  reflects  improved  trading  levels  within  the  UK  business,  however  it  is  important  to 
disclose the 2018 reported figures only include the results following the acquisition of the two 
trading  operations  in  March  and  June  and  therefore  does  not  include  a  full  year’s  operating 
result, as reported for the UK in 2019. 

-  The Group entered new markets through multiple acquisitions. The Dutch operations acquired 
in H1 2019 generated billings of £24.8m and revenue of £23.0m whilst the Nordic operations 
acquired in H2 2019 contributed £9.7m to billings and £9.6m to revenue. 

Reported EBITDA has seen a large increase in the year, showing a 212% rise year on year. This again 
is partly due to timing of the acquisitions and only recording profit and loss financials subsequent to the 
subsidiary  purchase.  There  has  also  been  a  fundamental  change  in  accounting  treatment  of  leases 
under IFRS 16. This has resulted in rent charges being removed from the profit and loss and replaced 
by a depreciation charge and interest charge. In 2018, rent would have reduced the reported EBITDA, 
compared to 2019 when no rental charge is recognised and interest and depreciation charges are not 
part of the reported EBITDA figure resulting in a higher figure than if IFRS 16 had not been adopted in 
the year. 

The Group has a solid balance sheet with net assets at year-end of £369.2m (2018: £387.6m) including 
a  cash  balance  of  £26.9m (2018:  £160.5m).  Cash  generated  from  operations  was  £46.8m,  with  the 
decrease in the cash balance largely as a result of the subsidiary acquisitions in the year, with a cash 
outflow of £126m. The impact of IFRS 16 mentioned above is not limited to the profit and loss statement 
with the Group now recognising a right of use asset and liability on the balance sheet. Having adopted 
the  modified  retrospective  approach,  the  asset  and  liability  recognised  on  the  statement  of  financial 
position resulted in a difference of £10.3m. In line with the IFRS 16 standard, this leads to a reduction 
in retained earnings which is the key contributor in the reduction of net assets in the year.  

As mentioned above, the timing of acquisitions of the Group in FY18 and FY19 make the comparison 
of the profit and loss of the underlying performance of Group operations difficult as the reported results 
only  account  for  post-acquisition  performance.  For  the  benefit  of  users  of  the  accounts,  unaudited 
proforma statements of total comprehensive income can be found in the appendix (refer to page  71), 
which shows the year on year results on a combined basis assuming subsidiaries acquired during any 
given period had been acquired on 1 January 2018. 

The unaudited pro forma financial information has been provided for illustrative purposes only and by 
its nature addresses a hypothetical situation and does not purport to represent the Company's actual 
financial position or results. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

The below table shows the KPI’s of the Group on this unaudited proforma basis 

KPI’s on unaudited proforma (non-
GAAP measures) 

Billings £’000 
Revenue £’000 
Adjusted EBITDA £’000 (Excluding 
the impact IFRS 16) 

Results and dividends 

2019 

2018 

173,356 
141,314 
33,236 

152,724 
124,504 
30,397 

The consolidated statement of profit and loss is set out on page 23 and shows the profit for the year. 

Dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. In the case of interim dividends to equity 
shareholders, this is when declared by the directors. In the case of final dividends, this is when approved 
by the shareholders at the AGM. The Company's current intention is to retain any earnings for use in 
its  business  operations,  and  the  Company  does  not  anticipate  declaring  any  dividends  in  the 
foreseeable future. 

Directors and their interests  

The Directors of the Company who served during the period of this Report are: 

Name 
Robert D Marcus 
Martin HP Söderström 
Sangeeta Desai 
Aryeh B. Bourkoff 
Andrew Barron 
Tim Bleakley 
Tom Goddard 
Thomas Ebeling 
Andrew Miller 

Position 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Founder and Non-Executive Director 
Founder and Non-Executive Director 
CEO and Executive Director 
Non-Executive Chairman 
Independent Non-Executive Director 
Independent Non-Executive Director 

Date of appointment  
22 February 2017 
22 February 2017 
27 February 2017 
22 February 2017 
20 January 2017 
28 March 2018 
28 March 2018 
19 October 2018 
27 November 2018 

Non-Executive Directors or the Company can terminate the appointment by giving three months’ notice. 

During  the  year  Andrew  Miller  resigned  as  an  Independent  Non-Executive  Director  of  the  Board 
effective from 31 December 2019.  

As at 31 December 2019 the Directors have the following interests in the Company’s securities: 

Director 

No. of Ordinary 
Shares 

Andrew Barron 
Andrew Miller 
Aryeh B Bourkoff 
Robert Marcus 
Martin HP Söderström 
Sangeeta Desai 
Thomas Ebeling 
Tom Goddard 
Tim Bleakley 

528,242 
- 
1,624,275 
119,000 
15,000 
10,000 
7,500 
232,703 
315,523 

Percentage of 
issued Ordinary 
Shares 
0.98% 
- 
3.01% 
0.22% 
0.03% 
0.02% 
0.01% 
0.43% 
0.58% 

No. of Founder 
Preferred Shares 

128,625 
- 
349,125 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Tim  Bleakley  also  has  1,998,000  hurdle  shares,  issued  by  a  subsidiary  of  the  Company  which  will, 
except in limited circumstances, be settled in ordinary shares of Ocean Outdoor Limited.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Tom Goddard also has 1,282,050 hurdle shares, issued by  a subsidiary of the  Company  which  will, 
except in limited circumstances, be settled in ordinary shares of Ocean Outdoor Limited.    

Directors’ remuneration  

Under the Director’s letter of appointment, Martin HP Söderström, Sangeeta Desai, Thomas Ebeling 
and Andrew Miller are entitled to a fee of US$75,000 per annum and Robert Marcus is entitled to receive 
a fee of US$90,000 per annum. Robert Marcus, Martin HP Söderström, Sangeeta Desai and Andrew 
Miller are also entitled to receive an additional fee of US$10,000 per annum as Committee members. 
Tom Goddard, in his role as Chairman, was paid £88,250 for the year ended 31 December 2019 and 
Tim Bleakley, CEO, was paid £453,419.  

Andrew Barron and Aryeh B Bourkoff did not receive a fee in connection with their appointment as Non-
Executive Directors of the Company.  

In addition, all of the Directors are entitled to be reimbursed by the Company for travel, hotel and other 
expenses incurred by them in the course of their directors’ duties relating to the Company. 

Andrew Miller resigned as an Independent Non-Executive Director effective from 31 December 2019. 

Share capital  

The full details of share capital information is set out in note 20. 

Substantial shareholdings  

As at 31 December 2019, the following had disclosed an interest in the issued Ordinary Share capital 
of  the  Company  (being  5%  or  more  of  the  voting  rights  in  the  Company)  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules (the “DTRs”):  

Shareholder 

Number of 
Ordinary Shares (1 

Notified percentage of 
voting rights (1 

Anchorage Capital Group 
Senator Investment Group 
Permian Investment Partners 
Sycomore Asset Management 
Bufo Limited 

6,633,333 
6,184,616 
3,732,867 
2,909,662 
2,700,000 

12.37% 
11.54% 
6.96% 
5.43% 
5.04% 

As at 31 December 2019 the interest of any person listed in the table above in Ordinary Shares may 
have increased or decreased without any obligation on the relevant person to make further notification 
to the Company pursuant to the DTRs.  

Change of control 

The Company is not party to any significant contracts that are subject to change of control provisions 
in the event of a takeover bid. There are no agreements between the Company  and its Directors or 
employees providing compensation for loss of office or employment that occurs because of a takeover 
bid. 

Independent Auditors  

The Board appointed BDO LLP as the company auditors during the prior year. The Board have reason 
to believe that BDO LLP conducted an effective audit and have provided the auditors with full access 
to all of the books and records of the Company and its subsidiaries.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Relations with Shareholders  

The Directors are always available for communication with Shareholders and all Shareholders will have 
the  opportunity,  and  are  encouraged,  to  attend  and  vote  at  the  Annual  General  Meetings  of  the 
Company during which the Board will be available to discuss issues affecting the Company. 

Statement of going concern  

In consideration of the company’s current financial position and review of its budgets and forecasts, on 
which sensitivity analyses have been performed to reflect possible downside scenarios, the Directors 
have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational 
existence for at least 12 months from the approval of the financial statements. The Directors therefore 
believe it remains appropriate to continue to prepare the accounts on the going concern basis. 

On  11  March  2020,  the  World  Health  Organisation  announced  the  pandemic  status  of  COVID-19. 
Subsequent  to  this  announcement,  significant  measures  have  been  taken  by  Governments  across 
Europe, restricting the movement of the people and the forced closure of non-essential business. Given 
the company operates in the DOOH market, this has impacted on the company’s performance in FY20. 
The effect COVID-19 will have on the global economy and the knock-on effect that it has on the medium 
to long term on consumer and business behaviour cannot yet be quantified.  

The main priority of the Group is to safeguard its employees, customers and its stakeholders. Across 
each  jurisdiction  in  which  the  company  operates  government  guidance  is  being  followed.  From  an 
operational perspective, this has not affected the play out and availability of the majority of its portfolio 
given the Group’s large digital portfolio, but the appetite of brands to advertise on DOOH assets has 
declined  significantly.  Various  scenarios  assessing  the  impact  of  the  sales  decline  over  the  next  12 
months,  and  beyond,  have  been  modelled  and  subsequently  what  the  implications  would  be  on  the 
Group cash flow. The Directors of the company recognise COVID-19 has, and will have, a significant 
effect on the results of the business in FY20. However, it is their belief the company is able to navigate 
through the impact of COVID-19 due to the strength of its market position, its robust balance sheet, 
current cash surplus and the securing of new credit facilities providing additional financing of up to £35m 
to draw down, subject to customary covenants related to minimum quarterly adjusted EBITDA and cash 
balances.  

Following  the  decline  in  sales  as  a  result  of  the  pandemic,  the  Group  addressed  its  cost  base  as  a 
matter of urgency in order to reduce cash outflows from the business. Staff costs were reduced through 
a structured reduction in working hours and government reimbursement schemes have been utilised 
where strictly necessary. All landlords have been contacted with a view to negotiating rent holidays, 
deferrals and reductions wherever possible. Capital expenditure  has been frozen on all new projects 
and the site maintenance program has been reduced to the performance of only essential maintenance. 
Credit terms have been optimised and extensions agreed with key suppliers. Cash inflows have been 
aided with sales teams chasing up any unpaid balances and ensuring any invoice queries are resolved 
ensuring that debtors continue to be settled in a timely fashion.  

The  swift  actions  taken  by  the  Group  enable  it  to  deal  with  the  short-term  impact  that  COVID-19  is 
having on the business. These steps  will allow the business to resume to full working capacity once 
business returns to the new normal. There is however some uncertainty when this will be and what the 
lasting impacts of the pandemic will be on businesses and the economy. Should the impact be worse 
than predicted, there are further cost savings that could be utilised. The Group however feel at this point 
in time, the medium and long-term benefits of not implementing these changes outweighs the short-
term cost savings that could be realised.  

The Group retains sufficient liquidity in the short term, however the impact of COVID-19 has resulted in 
the  Group  raising  its  first  debt  facility  with  a  rolling  credit  facility  agreed  with  the  Group’s  banking 
partners on 28 May 2020, securing new credit facilities providing additional financing of up to  £35m, 
subject  to  customary  covenants  related  to  minimum  quarterly  adjusted  EBITDA  and  cash  balances. 
This will boost liquidity to assist the business manage through the cash flow impact of the significantly 
reduced  revenues  suffered  in  Q2  and  likely  reduced  revenues  in  Q3.  The  Group  believes  this  is 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

sufficient liquidity to ensure the Group is able to meet its obligations as and when they fall due. In the 
event additional liquidity is required, there are a variety of funding options available to the company. 

The impact on FY20 cannot as yet be fully assessed. Accordingly, the Board believes it would be 
inappropriate to provide forward looking financial guidance to investors and analysts at this time. 

Internal control  

The Board is responsible for determining the nature and extent of the significant risks it is willing to take 
in achieving its strategic objectives. The Board maintains sound risk management and internal control 
systems. The Board has reviewed the Company’s risk management and control systems and believes 
that the controls are satisfactory given the nature and size of the Company and its subsidiaries. 

Financial Risk Profile  

The Company’s and Group’s financial instruments comprise mainly of cash and cash equivalents, and 
various items such as payables and receivables that arise directly from the Group’s operations. Details 
of the risks relevant to the Group are included in the notes to the financial statements. 

Management Report 

For the purposes of compliance with DTR 4.1.5R(2), DTR 4.1.8R and DTR4.1.11R, the required content 
of the “Management Report” can be found in this Report of Directors. 

Principal Risk and Uncertainties 

The main risks and uncertainties identified by the Group are as follows: 

The Group operates in a highly competitive market 

The Group operates in a highly competitive industry and may not be able to maintain or increase 
its current advertising and sales revenues or market share. The Group competes for advertising 
revenue  with  other  outdoor  advertising  operators,  as  well  as  with  other  media,  such  as  radio, 
newspapers,  magazines,  television,  direct  mail,  mobile  devices  and  internet-based  services. 
Competitive  pressures  could  cause  the  Group  to  lose  market  share,  require  it  to  lower  prices, 
increase marketing expenditures and increase the use of discounting or promotional campaigns, 
and restrict its ability to increase prices. These or other developments could materially affect the 
Group's sales volumes and margins and result in a decrease in its operating results, which could 
have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  the  Group's  business,  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations. 

The Group is heavily reliant on its relationships with media agencies 

The Group is heavily reliant on its relationships with four main media specialist buyers to sell the 
out-of-home  advertising  space  which  it  owns  and/or  manages.  Accordingly,  the  loss  of  these 
relationships,  a  significant  change  in  the  terms  of  these  relationships,  or  any  of  these  agencies 
encountering financial difficulties could have a materially adverse effect on the Group's business, 
financial condition and results of operations. 

A loss of sites or a failure to renew relevant site agreements may reduce the Group's revenue 

The  Group  gains  access  to  advertising  sites  through  short,  medium  and  long-term  contracts  or 
concessions  (being  comprised  of  (i)  leases,  (ii)  licences;  and  (iii)  certain  commercial  site 
agreements) with asset owners such as local municipalities and commercial landlords. There is no 
guarantee  that  such  site  agreements,  including  those  relating  to  the  Group's  iconic  sites,  will  be 
renewed at all or renewed on terms which are favourable to the Group. If sufficient numbers of site 
agreements  are  cancelled,  not  renewed  or  sufficient  numbers  of  sites  become  impaired,  it  could 
have an adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

The  Group's  sites  and  other  technology  systems  and  operations  could  be  exposed  to  damage  or 
interruption 

The Group's sites and other technology systems and operations could be exposed to damage or 
interruption  from  system  failures,  computer  viruses,  cyber-attacks,  power  or  telecommunication 
providers' failure, fire, natural disasters, terrorist acts, war, or human error. Any interruptions would 
impact the Group's ability to operate and could result in business interruption, the loss of customers 
and revenue, damaged reputation and weakening of competitive position and could have a material 
adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations. There is a risk 
that, if a cyber-attack is successful, any data security breaches or the Group's inadvertent failure to 
protect confidential information could result in a loss of information integrity. Breaches of the Group's 
obligations under applicable laws or client agreements and system outages may potentially have a 
material adverse impact on the Group's reputation and financial performance. 

Changes in technology may impact consumer and advertiser behaviour 

The advertising industry will continue to be affected by changes in technology, with these changes 
likely leading to increasing media options for consumers. If these changes drive advertising away 
from DOOH advertising, this could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial 
condition and results of operations. 

The  Group's  operations  are  vulnerable  to  any  adverse  developments  to  the  UK,  Dutch  and  Nordic 
economies, market conditions and the corresponding legal and regulatory environment 

The Group's operations are exposed to the prevailing economic and market conditions, as well as 
the  legal  and  regulatory  environment.  Periods  of  a  slowing  economy  or  recession,  or  periods  of 
economic uncertainty, may be accompanied by a decrease in advertising which would reduce the 
Group's advertising revenues and have an adverse effect on the Group's revenue, profit margins, 
cash flow and liquidity. There has also been an increase in political uncertainty as a result of the UK 
vote in favour of exiting  the EU. These  will impact the Group (including its business, employees, 
operations and assets) and may have a materially adverse effect on the business, financial condition 
and results of operations of the Group in the future. Material decreases in revenue could result in 
fixed costs exceeding contribution and the Group suffering losses and resulting in operating cash 
outflows.  

Following multiple acquisitions in new markets, the integration of acquired subsidiaries may not result 
in the expected returns and the Group synergies may not be realised. 

The  Group  has  undertaken  a  number  of  acquisitions  and  entered  new  overseas  markets. 
Consideration for these businesses is based on a number of factors including past performance and 
expected future returns. This acquisition strategy is to allow the Group to benefit from the growth 
potential in these new markets and  generate synergies arising from being a large operator in the 
market. There is no guarantee the potential of these new markets will be realised; the returns may 
be lower than expected and that expected Group synergies may not arise as expected. This could 
have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations.   

The Group's operations could be significantly affected by COVID-19  

The Group's operations are exposed to the prevailing economic and market conditions and these 
are expected to be impacted in the short term by COVID-19, however the medium and long-term 
implications are not known. Periods of economic uncertainty, may be accompanied by a decrease 
in advertising which would reduce the Group's advertising revenues and have an adverse effect on 
the Group's revenue, profit margins, cash flow and liquidity. It may have a materially adverse effect 
on the business, financial  condition and results of operations of the Group in the future.  Material 
decreases  in  revenue  could  result  in  fixed  costs  exceeding  contribution  and  the  Group  suffering 
losses and resulting in operating cash outflows.  

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Directors’ Responsibilities 

The directors are responsible for preparing the  Directors’ report and the financial statements for the 
Group. The Directors have prepared the financial statements for each financial year which give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that year.  

The Directors have chosen to use the international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”) as adopted 
by the European Union in preparing the Group’s financial statements. 

International Accounting Standard 1 requires financial statements present fairly for each financial year 
the  Company’s  financial  position,  financial  performance  and  cash  flows.  This  requires  the  faithful 
representation  of  the  effects  of  transactions,  other  events  and  conditions  in  accordance  with  the 
definitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the International 
Accounting Standards Board’s ‘Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements. 
In virtually all circumstances, a fair presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRS. 
A fair presentation also requires the Directors to: 

consistently select and apply appropriate accounting policies; 

 
  present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, 

comparable and understandable information; 

  provide  additional  disclosures  when  compliance  with  the  specific  requirements  in  IFRS  is 
insufficient to enable  users to understand  the impact of particular transactions,  other  events 
and conditions on the entity’s financial position and financial performance; and 
state that the group has complied with IFRS, subject to any material departures disclosed and 
explained in the financial statements. 

 

The  Directors  are  also  required  to  prepare  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the 
London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on the Stock Exchange. The Directors are 
responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the  financial  position  of  the  Group,  for  safeguarding  the  assets,  for  taking  reasonable  steps  for  the 
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities and for the preparation of financial statements. 
Financial  information  is  published  on 
the  company’s  website,  www.oceanoutdoor.com.  The 
maintenance and integrity of this website is the responsibility of the Directors; the work carried out by 
the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no 
responsibility for any changes that may occur to the financial statements after they are initially presented 
on  the  website,  www.oceanoutdoor.com.  Legislation  in  the  BVI  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors’ Responsibilities Pursuant to UK Data and Transparency Regulations 

The directors confirm to the best of their knowledge: 

  The group financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS adopted by the 
European Union and article 4 of the IAS regulation and give a true and fair view of the assets, 
liabilities, financial position and profit and loss of the Group. 

  The annual report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the financial position of the group and the parent company, together with a description of 
the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

Disclosure of information to Auditors  

Each of the persons who is a Director at the date of approval of this Report confirms that: 

 

so  far  as  the  director  is  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit  information  of  which  the  Company’s 
auditors are unaware; and  

  each director has taken all the steps that he/she ought to have taken as a director in order to make 
himself/herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors 
are aware of that information. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Directors’ indemnities  

As at the date of this Report, indemnities granted by the Company to the Directors are in force to the 
extent permitted under BVI law. The Company also maintains Directors’ and Officers’ liability insurance, 
the level of which is reviewed annually. 

Subsequent events 

Further details of subsequent events are disclosed in note 24 of the financial statements. 

By order of the Board 

Tom Goddard 
Co-chairman  
8 June 2020 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Corporate Governance Statement  

Ocean is committed to maintaining the highest standards of business conduct and ethics, as well as full 
compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, corporate reporting and disclosure, and all 
other matters deemed to protect the best interests of the company’s shareholders. 

At the date of this report, the Company complies with the corporate governance regime applicable to 
the Company pursuant to the laws of the British Virgin Islands. 

In addition, the Company strives for compliance with the U.K. Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”) 
to the greatest extent possible to facilitate effective and prudent management that can contribute to the 
long-term success of the Company, however it is not currently compliant with the Code.  

Full details of the corporate governance measures adopted by the Group can be found on the Group 
website: (https://investors.oceanoutdoor.com/investors/corporate-governance/) 

Strategic decisions 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  carrying  out  the  Company’s  objectives,  implementing  its  business 
strategy and conducting its overall supervision. Acquisition, divestment and other strategic decisions 
are  considered  and  determined  by  the  Board.  The  Board  provides  leadership  within  a  framework  of 
prudent  and  effective  controls.  The  Board  has  established  the  corporate  governance  values  of  the 
Company and has overall responsibility for setting the Company’s strategic aims, defining the business 
plan and strategy and managing the financial and operational resources of the Company. 

Through  the  publication  of  regular  announcements,  corporate  presentations  posted  to  the  company 
website, and face to face meetings, the board has sought to communicate its strategy, objectives and 
performance to all shareholders on a timely basis. When shareholders raise concerns with the board 
over the Group’s strategy, objectives or performance, the Board endeavours to actively engage with 
the shareholders in dialogue.  

Board process 

The full Board meets formally at regular intervals throughout the year and at such other times as may 
be  necessary  to  address  any  significant  matters  that  may  arise.  The  Board  communicates  regularly 
between  these  meetings.  On  a  regular  basis  the  Board  is  provided  with  appropriate  and  timely 
information relating to all aspects of the Group. In addition, the Directors are free to seek any further 
information  or  request  specific  presentation  on  matters  that  they  consider  necessary  in  order  to 
discharge their duties effectively. The collective responsibility of the Board ensures  that all Directors 
are involved in the process of arriving at significant decisions. 

Nomination Committee  

The Nomination Committee is responsible for considering and making recommendations to the Board 
in respect of appointments to the Board. In carrying out its duties, the Nomination Committee is primarily 
responsible for identifying and nominating candidates to fill Board vacancies; evaluating the structure 
and  composition  of  the  Board  with  regard  to  the  balance  of  skills,  knowledge  and  experience  and 
making recommendations accordingly; giving full consideration to succession planning; and reviewing 
the leadership of the Group. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Audit and Risk Committee 

The  Audit  and  Risk  Committee  assists  the  Board  in  discharging  its  responsibilities  with  regard  to 
financial reporting, external and internal controls, including reviewing and monitoring the integrity of the 
Group’s annual and interim financial statements, reviewing and monitoring the extent of the non-audit 
work  undertaken  by  the  Group’s  external  auditors,  advising  on  the  appointment  of  such  external 
auditors, overseeing the Group’s relationship with its external auditors, reviewing the effectiveness of 
the external audit process, and reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and review 
function.  

The Audit and Risk Committee gives due consideration to laws and regulations, the provisions of the 
UK Corporate Governance Code and the requirements of the Listing Rules whilst it continues to monitor 
the  integrity  of  published  financial  information  and  review  significant  financial  reporting  issues  and 
judgements. The Audit and Risk Committee also has responsibility for, among other things, oversight 
of the Group’s risk appetite, risk monitoring and capital management, reviewing  the manner in which 
the  members  of  the  Group  implement  and  monitor  the  adequacy  of  the  Group’s  risk  management 
framework and ensuring that the Group maintains appropriate levels of capital, as well as advising the 
Board on its overall risk appetite. The Audit and Risk Committee also reviews the adequacy of security 
measures, anti-money laundering systems, anti-bribery controls and procedures in place for detecting 
fraud.  

At each period end the financial reporting process commences with individual CGU’s submitting their 
financial  information  to  Group  management.  These  CGU’s  are  consolidated  into  a  Group  financial 
reporting  pack  which  is  reviewed  by  Group  management  and  compared  to  monthly  management 
accounts  for  consistency.  Following  this  review,  the  reports  are  presented  to  the  audit  and  risk 
committee for a subsequent review and approval. 

Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee has responsibility for determination of specific remuneration and benefits 
packages for each of the executive directors and certain senior management of the Group, including 
pension  rights  and  any  compensation  payments,  and  recommending  and  monitoring  the  level  and 
structure  of  remuneration  for  senior  management  and  the  implementation  of  share  options,  share 
incentive plans or other performance related schemes.  

Independence of the Board 

Tom  Goddard,  Tim  Bleakley,  Aryeh  B.  Bourkoff  and  Andrew  Barron  are  not  considered  to  be 
Independent Directors.  

The  Board  considers  the  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors  to  be  independent  in  character  and 
judgment  and  free  from  relationships  or  circumstances  which  are  likely  to  affect  or  could  appear  to 
affect,  their  judgment.  In  addition,  when  determining  the  independence  of  the  Independent  Non-
Executive Directors, the Board had regard to their Letters of Appointment and Initial Option Deeds and, 
in the case of Mr Marcus, his prior role as Chairman of the Company and his holding of 119,000 Ordinary 
Shares. The Board believes that the aforementioned factors are not sufficient to have an impact on their 
independence. 

Ethical standards 

All Directors, managers and employees are expected to act  with the utmost integrity and objectivity, 
striving at all times to enhance the reputation and performance of the Group. 

External auditors 

The Board and the Audit Committee review the performance of the external auditors on an annual basis 
and normally meet with them during the year to: 

-  Discuss the external audit plans, identifying any significant changes in structure, operations, 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

internal controls or accounting policies likely to impact on the financial statements and to review 
the fees proposed for the audit work to be performed. 

-  Review the periodic reports prior to lodgement and release, and any significant adjustments 
required  as  a  result  of  the  auditor’s  findings,  and  to  recommend  board  approval  of  these 
documents, prior to announcement of results. 

-  Review  the  results  and  findings  of  the  auditor,  the  adequacy  of  accounting  and  financial 

controls, and to monitor the implementation of any recommendations made. 

-  Review the draft financial report and recommend board approval of the financial report. 

-  As required, to organise, review and report on any special reviews or investigations deemed 

necessary by the board. 

The Board and Audit Committee specifically assess the independence of the Group’s external auditors 
and in doing so consider the level and nature of non-audit services provided and associated fees, the 
auditor’s rotation arrangements for key audit personnel and areas of potential conflicts of interest. 

Communication with shareholders and continuous disclosure 

The directors attach importance to the provision of clear and timely information to shareholders and the 
broader  investment  community.  Information  about  the  company  is  available  on  its  website 
(www.oceanoutdoor.com). 

Financial reporting – the Company reports to shareholders half-yearly and annually, as required by the 
LSE rules. The Chairman states to the Board that the company’s financial reports present a true and 
fair view in all material respects of the company’s financial condition and operational results and are in 
accordance with relevant accounting standards. 

Equal access policy – the Company has a policy, based on existing policies and practices as a company 
quoted on the LSE market, that all shareholders and investors have equal access to the company’s 
information, and has procedures to ensure that all price sensitive information will be disclosed to the 
LSE  in  accordance  with  the  continuous  disclosure  requirements  of  the  LSE  rules,  these  procedures 
include: 

-  A comprehensive process to identify matters that may have a material effect on the price of the 
company’s  shares,  notifying  them  to  the  LSE,  posting  them  on  the  company’s  website,  and 
issuing media releases. 

-  All information provided to the LSE, and related information (including information provided to 
the  company’s  website 

immediately  posted 

the  media),  being 

to 

analysts  and 
https://investors.oceanoutdoor.com/investors/ 

-  The Annual Report is made available to all shareholders. The Board ensures that the annual 
report includes relevant information about the operations of the Group during the year, changes 
in the state of affairs of the Group and details of future developments, as well as all required 
disclosures. 

issued 

throughout 

the  year  and 

News  releases  are 
the  company  maintains  a  website 
(https://investors.oceanoutdoor.com/investors/) on which press releases, corporate presentations and 
the annual report and financial statements are available to view together with the half-yearly financial 
statements. Enquiries from individual shareholders on matters relating to the business of the company 
are welcomed. Shareholders and other interested parties can subscribe to receive notification of news 
updates and other documents from the company via email. In addition, the Executive Directors meet 
with major shareholders to discuss the progress of the company and provide periodic feedback to the 
board following meetings with shareholders. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Ocean Outdoor Limited   

Opinion  

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Ocean  Outdoor  Ltd  (the  ‘parent  company’)  and  its 
subsidiaries  (the  ‘Group’)  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2019  which  comprise  the  consolidated 
statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of financial 
position, the consolidated statement of changes in equity, the consolidated statement of cash flows, 
and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.   

The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  group  financial 
statements is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by 
the European Union.   

 In our opinion:  

- 

- 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s affairs as at 31  
December 2019 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended; and  
the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union. 

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and 
applicable  law.  Our  responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the 
group  in  accordance  with  the  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have 
fulfilled  our other ethical responsibilities in  accordance with these requirements. We believe that the 
audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

 Use of our report  

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with International  
Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs UK). Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to 
the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for 
no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to 
anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this 
report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Conclusions relating to going concern  

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require 
us to report to you where:  

- 

- 

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial 
statements is not appropriate; or  
the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties 
that may cast significant doubt about the group’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern 
basis  of  accounting  for  a  period  of  at  least  twelve  months  from  the  date  when  the  financial 
statements are authorised for issue. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Key audit matters  

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of 
material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest 
effect on the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit and directing the efforts of 
the  engagement  team.  These  matters  were  addressed  in  the  context  of  our  audit  of  the  financial 
statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion 
on these matters. 

Matter 

How we addressed the matter in our audit 

Revenue recognition- Cut-off 

judgements 

As  detailed  in  note  2.11,  Management  make 
certain 
revenue 
in 
recognition  for  the  treatment  of  contractual 
arrangements entered into by trading entities in 
the group. 

relation 

to 

include  determining 

the  Group’s 
These 
performance  obligations  in  its  contracts  with 
customers and whether as at the reporting date, 
the  group  has  completed 
its  performance 
obligations.  Where  Ocean  Outdoor  has  not 
completed  its  performance  obligations  prior  to 
the reporting date, revenues are not recognised, 
with the appropriate balance deferred. 

Revenues are invoiced normally in 2-week block 
periods.  This  results  in  a  cut  off  risk  at  the 
reporting  date  in  relation  to  the  existence  of 
recognised  and  completeness  of 
revenue 
deferred revenue. We therefore considered this 
to be a key audit matter. 

We  assessed  whether  the  revenue  recognition 
policies  adopted  by  the  Group  comply  with 
accounting standards.   

We reviewed a sample of invoices to assess  
whether:  

the 

revenue  had  been 

- 
in 
accordance  with  the  Group’s  accounting  policy 
and accounting standards;   

recognised 

-  appropriate  cut  off  was  observed  with  Ocean 
its  performance 
Outdoor  having  completed 
obligations  as  stated  in  the  customer  invoices 
and  supporting  evidence  of  delivery  of  the 
campaigns prior to the reporting date, and if not 
completed  at  the  reporting  date,  appropriate 
revenue was deferred; and 

- where the revenue had not yet been earned at 
year end, the amounts which should be deferred 
were agreed to the deferred revenue schedule.  

In relation to other adjustments to revenue, such 
as  rebates  and  commissions,  we  checked  the 
methodology/basis and re-calculated the amount 
by  reference  to  the  contractual  terms  and  we 
checked if there are any material accounting  or 
disclosure implications. 

In  relation  to  deferred  revenue  balances,  we 
tested a sample of invoices and cash receipts for 
the  period  2-weeks  pre  and  post  year  end  and 
checked  whether  the  revenue  and  deferred 
revenue  was  appropriately  recognised  for  the 
campaigns in the correct accounting periods.   

Key observations noted: 

Based  on  the  work  performed  we  consider  that 
revenue has been recognised appropriately and 
in  accordance  with 
revenue 
recognition policy and the accounting standards.  

the  Group’s 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Acquisition Accounting 

As  detailed  in  notes  13  and  14  to  the  financial 
statements,  the  Group  made  a  number  of 
acquisitions during the year. 

Consequently,  management  had  to  exercise 
judgement  in  considering  the  fair  value  of  the 
assets and liabilities acquired. 

identifiable 

recognised 

acquisition 
Management 
in 
separately 
respect of acquired rights over advertising sites, 
exercising judgement, as detailed in note 2.9 in 
estimating their fair value. 

intangible  assets 

on 

The  judgements  and  estimates  in  this  area 
include: 

•  underlying cash flow projections,  
•  discount rates applied, and  
long-term growth rates. 
• 

There  is  a  risk  that  the  fair  values  of  these 
intangible assets may be materially misstated. 

Additionally,  there  is  significant  judgement,  as 
detailed  in  note  14,  around  whether  the  digital 
signage investment (the “investee”) acquired as 
part of the acquisition of Ocean Outdoor Nordics 
VA  Holding  AB,  and  subject  to  restructuring 
following acquisition, should be accounted for as 
an  acquisition  of  a  subsidiary  business  or  the 
acquisition of an associate and therefore there is 
a risk that the accounting treatment adopted by 
management is not appropriate. 

challenged 

the  methodology 

underpinning 
and 

the 
estimates  made 

and 
We 
significant 
assumptions 
judgements 
by 
management in the assessment of the fair value 
of  the  separately  identifiable  intangible  assets 
acquired by comparison to industry data and our 
knowledge of the business.  

In addition, with the assistance of our valuations 
specialists,  we  checked 
the  methodology 
deployed.   

We  also  considered  the  completeness  of  the 
separately  identifiable  intangible  assets  with 
reference  to  our  understanding  of  the  business 
and the key reasons for executing the transaction 
from the acquirer’s perspective. 

We  assessed  and  challenged  management’s 
methodology on the accounting treatment for the 
investment 
in  Ocean  Outdoor  Nordics  VA 
Holding AB. 

In  particular,  we  assessed  whether  the  Group 
had control of the investee during the year and at 
the reporting date. 

We  assessed  the  powers  and  rights  of  Ocean 
and the third party investor to determine whether 
the  investment  should  be  recognised  as  a 
subsidiary  or  an  associate  at  the  initial  date  of 
purchase.  

Following  the  restructure  of  the  investee  we 
checked  the  share  subscription  transactions,  to 
assess  whether 
investee  should  be 
accounted for as an associate with effect from 23 
December 2019 

the 

Key observations noted: 

by  management 

Based  on  the  work  performed,  we  consider  the 
judgements  made 
in 
determining  the  fair  values  of  the  intangible 
assets  acquired,  and 
the  classification  of 
businesses  acquired  during  the  year  to  be 
appropriate,  and  have  been  recognised 
in 
accordance with the group’s accounting policy for 
business combinations. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

IFRS 16 – First year application 

to 

the 

in  note  2.19 

financial 
As  detailed 
statements,  the  Group  has  applied,  for  the  first 
time, IFRS 16 Leases, which requires, under the 
modified  retrospective  approach,  a  restatement 
to  opening  retained  earnings.  IFRS  16  has  a 
material  impact  for  the  Group  with  significant 
values  being  recognised  on  balance  sheet  for 
right of use leasehold assets (“ROU”) and lease 
liabilities. As such there is a risk the ROU asset, 
lease liability and depreciation/interest costs are 
not accounted for appropriately. 

There are also judgements required, as detailed 
in note 2.9 by management when calculating the 
ROU  lease  liabilities  which  are  subjective  in 
nature, 
lease 
contracts, other terms within the lease contracts, 
and incremental borrowing rates (“IBR”) used in 
the valuation models. 

length  of 

including 

the 

the 

We  assessed  whether  the  IFRS  16  policies 
adopted  by  the  Group  comply  with  accounting 
standards.   

We  considered  the  adequacy  of  the  disclosure 
made 
the  appropriate 
accounting standards. 

in  comparison  with 

the  Group 

We performed tests on a sample of contracts to 
check whether the accounting treatment adopted 
is  appropriate.  We  critically 
by 
assessed  management's  discounted  cash  flow 
models  and  ensured  the  model  is  mechanically 
sound  and  an  appropriate  basis  for  recognising 
the ROU asset and lease liabilities. 

We  checked  the  completeness  of  the  leases 
schedule  by  reference  to  test  checking  the 
group’s property, plant, and equipment registers 
for revenue generating sites. 

We engaged our valuation specialist to check the 
reasonableness  of  the  IBR  rate  by  reference  to 
free  borrowing  rates, 
the 
financing factors, and asset specific adjustments.  

term,  risk 

lease 

Based  on  tests  performed  on  a  sample  of 
contracts we critically assessed any judgements 
made  in  relation  to  the  length  of  the  lease 
including the extension terms and the probability 
of renewal by the Group, and other terms within 
the 
to 
modifications  including  the  treatment  of  profit 
share  arrangements, 
fixed 
payments, changes to the lease payments based 
on RPI and CPI, and rent review terms.    

lease  contracts,  which  give 

variable  and 

rise 

We  also  checked  and  assessed  management's 
discounted  cash  flow  models  and  ensured  that 
the  model  was  mechanically  sound  and  an 
appropriate basis for recognising the ROU asset 
and lease liabilities. 

Key observations noted: 

Based  on  the  work  performed,  we  consider  the 
judgements  made  by  management  in  applying 
IFRS  16  are  appropriate  and  the  disclosures 
comply with the relevant accounting standard. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Going concern 

resulted 

As  detailed  in  note  2.2,  the  unprecedented 
impact  of  COVID-19  on  the  business  and  the 
wider  world  economies  has 
in 
uncertainties  on  the  ability  of  companies  to 
continue  operating  as  going  concerns,  and  has 
raised  additional  audit  risks.  Indeed,  the  Group 
has itself seen a significant reduction in revenues 
from mid-March 2020. As a result, the directors 
have considered the impact of the recent COVID-
19 outbreak as part of the Group’s going concern 
analysis  and  have  modelled  a 
range  of 
reasonably possible outcomes as a result of the 
including  an  extreme 
COVID-19  pandemic, 
stress test scenario. 

As  a  consequence  of  considering  the  impact  of 
the recent COVID-19 outbreak and the potential 
impact on the group, subsequent to the year end 
the  directors  have  secured  new  credit  facilities, 
providing  additional  financing  of  up  to  £35m, 
subject 
to 
minimum  quarterly  adjusted  EBITDA  and  cash 
balances. 

to  customary  covenants  related 

Because of the significance of this matter we 
determined that it was a key audit matter. 

We 
considered  management’s  modelled 
scenarios  including  the  stress  test  scenario, 
which was based on significantly reduced trading 
for a period of 12 months. 

We  reviewed  outcome  of  the  mitigating  actions 
already undertaken by directors to manage  and 
conserve cash. 

We confirmed the cash at hand within the Group 
as at 28th May 2020. 

We  assessed  the  additional  mitigating  options 
that  management  have  at  their  disposal  to 
manage  and  conserve  cash  and  challenged 
management  on  the  key  assumptions  included 
and confirmed management’s mitigating actions 
are within their control. 

We examined the terms of the new credit facilities 
secured by the group, focusing on the covenants 
per  the  agreements,  to  check  that  the  Group 
could remain compliant for the  next  12 months, 
when considering the stress test model prepared.  

We  assessed  management’s  disclosures 
in 
relation  to  the  COVID-19  pandemic  and  its 
potential  impact  and  to  check  that  these  are 
consistent  with  management’s  stress 
test 
scenario  and  the  Board’s  view  of  the  current 
market conditions. 

Key observations noted: 

Our observations in respect of going concern are 
set  out  in  the  Conclusions  relating  to  going 
concern section above. 

Our application of materiality 

We apply the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the 
effect of misstatements. We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, including 
omissions, could influence the economic decisions of reasonable users that are taken on the basis of 
the  financial  statements.  In  order  to  reduce  to  an  appropriately  low  level  the  probability  that  any 
misstatements  exceed  materiality,  we  use  a  lower  materiality  level,  performance  materiality,  to 
determine  the  extent  of  testing  needed.  Importantly,  misstatements  below  these  levels  will  not 
necessarily  be  evaluated  as  immaterial  as  we  also  take  account  of  the  nature  of  identified 
misstatements, and the particular circumstances of their occurrence, when evaluating their effect on 
the financial statements as a whole. 

Level of materiality applied and rationale 

We consider revenue to be the critical performance measure for the Group.  Using this benchmark, we 
set materiality at £1,000,000 (2018 - £500,000) which represents 1% of revenues.  

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Performance materiality 

The application of materiality at the individual account or balance level is set at an amount to reduce to 
an  appropriately  low  level  the  probability  that  the  aggregate  of  uncorrected  and  undetected 
misstatements exceeds materiality.  

On  the  basis  of  our  risk  assessment  together  with  the  Group’s  overall  control  environment,  our 
judgement was that overall performance materiality for the Group should be 70%. As such, performance 
financial statement materiality was set at £700,000 (2018 - £350,000). 

Component materiality 

We set materiality for each component of the Group based on a percentage of materiality dependent 
on the size and our assessment of the risk of material misstatement of that component. Component 
materiality ranged from £114,000 to £602,000 (2018 - £120,000 to £350,000).  

Reporting Threshold 

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all audit differences individually in 
excess of £30,000 (2018 - £15,000). We also agreed to report audit differences below those thresholds 
that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.  

An overview of the scope of our audit 

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining an understanding of the Group and its environment, including 
Group-wide controls, and assessing the risks of material misstatement at the Group level. The group 
has 5 significant components, which represented the main trading entities in the group, being Ocean 
Outdoor  UK  Limited,  Signature  Outdoor  Limited,  Mediaco  Outdoor  Limited,  Forrest  Outdoor  Media 
Limited and Ocean Outdoor Netherlands B.V (formerly Interbest B.V.).  

Ocean Outdoor Limited (the Parent Company) and the significant components were subject to full scope 
audits  which  were  performed  by  BDO  LLP  except  for  Ocean  Outdoor  Netherlands  B.V,  which  was 
performed by a local firm.  

The remaining 22 subsidiaries of the group were considered non-significant and such components were 
subject  to  analytical  review  procedures  together  with  substantive  testing  on  group  audit  risk  areas 
applicable to that component, carried out by the group audit team and local audit firms. 

As part of our Group audit strategy, as Group auditors:  

-  We held planning meetings with the component auditor and local management;  

-  Members of the Group audit team visited the component auditors at the planning and fieldwork 

phases of the audit; 

-  Detailed Group reporting instructions were sent to the component auditors, which included the 
significant areas to be covered by their audit, and set out the information to be reported to the 
Group audit team; 

-  We reviewed Group reporting submissions and performed reviews of the component auditors’ 

files; and 

-  We held a clearance meeting  with the component auditor and local management to discuss 

significant audit and accounting issues and judgements. 

As a result of this approach, 90.2% of the Group’s Revenue, 92.5% of the Total Assets and 94.5% of 
the Adjusted Profit before Tax were subject to audit.   

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Other information 

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information 
included in the annual report and consolidated financial statements, other than the financial statements 
and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  Our  opinion  on  the  financial  statements  does  not  cover  the  other 
information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon. 

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information 
and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial 
statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If 
we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material  misstatements,  we  are  required  to 
determine  whether  there  is  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial  statements  or  a  material 
misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there 
is a material misstatement of this other information; we are required to report that fact. We have nothing 
to report in this regard. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities set out on page 11, the directors are responsible 
for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, 
and  for  such  internal  control  as  the  directors  determine  is  necessary  to  enable  the  preparation  of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s ability to 
continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the 
going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent 
company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole 
are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that 
includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. 
Misstatements  can  arise  from  fraud  or  error  and  are  considered  material  if,  individually  or  in  the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these financial statements. 

A further description  of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located  on the 
Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms 
part of our auditor’s report. 

Use of our report 

This  report  is  made  solely  to  the  Parent  Company’s  members,  as  a  body,  in  accordance  with  our 
engagement letter dated 1 June 2020. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to 
the Parent Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report 
and  for  no  other  purpose.  To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  we  do  not  accept  or  assume 
responsibility  to  anyone  other  than  the  Parent  Company  and  the  Parent  Company’s  members  as  a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Nicole Martin (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, London, UK Statutory Auditor 
8 June 2020 
BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (registered number 
OC305127). 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 
for the year ended 31 December 2019  

Billings 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative expenses 

Profit from operations 

Finance expense 
Finance income 

(Loss) / profit before tax 

Tax expense 

(Loss) / profit from continuing operations 

Other comprehensive income 

Items which will or may be reclassified to profit or loss: 
Exchange (loss) / gain on translation of foreign operations 

Total comprehensive (loss) / income 

Note 

2019 
£'000 

135,080 
______ 

2018 
£'000 

70,288 
______ 

4 

104,033 

49,795 

6,7 

9 
9 

10 

(59,154) 
_______ 

(29,355) 
_______ 

44,879 

20,440 

(41,869) 
_______ 

(15,165) 
_______ 

3,010 

5,275 

(8,234) 
518 
_______ 

(4) 
1,658 
_______ 

(4,706) 

6,929 

(541) 
_______ 

(5,247) 
_______ 

(530) 
_______ 

(5,777) 
_______ 

(306) 
_______ 

6,623 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

6,623 
_______ 

The notes on pages 28 to 70 form an integral part of these financial statements.

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 (Continued) 

Note 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

(Loss) / profit for the year attributable to: 
Shareholders of the parent 

Total comprehensive (loss) / income attributable to: 
Shareholders of the parent 

Earnings per share 
Basic earnings per share (pence) 

Diluted earnings per share (pence) 

21 

21 

(5,247) 
_______ 

6,623 
_______ 

(5,777) 
_______ 

6,623 
_______ 

(9.8p) 
_______ 

(9.8p) 
_______ 

13.0p 
_______ 

13.0p 
_______ 

The notes on pages 28 to 70 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Consolidated statement of financial position 
As at 31 December 2019 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
- Site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
- Right of use asset 
Intangible assets 
Investment in associate 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Lease liability 
Tax payable 

Non-current liabilities 
Other payables 
Lease liability 
Deferred tax liability 

Total liabilities 

NET ASSETS 

Equity 
Founder Preferred Share Capital 
Treasury shares 
Share Premium 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Retained (deficit) / earnings 

TOTAL EQUITY 

Note 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

11 
11 
12 
14 

15 

16 
2.19 

16 
2.19 
17 

20 
20 
22 
22 
22 

47,352 
148,630 
367,407 
13,297 
_______ 

576,686 
_______ 

55,471 
26,917 
_______ 

82,388 
_______ 

659,074 
_______ 

76,391 
24,187 
5,159 
_______ 

105,737 
_______ 

10,501 
136,210 
37,469 
_______ 

289,917 
_______ 

369,157 
_______ 

4,561 
(2,417) 
376,246 
(530) 
(8,703) 
_______ 

369,157 
_______ 

31,971 
- 
230,024 
- 
_______ 

261,995 
_______ 

36,718 
160,503 
_______ 

197,221 
_______ 

459,216 
_______ 

44,729 
- 
3,278 
_______ 

48,007 
_______ 

- 
- 
23,579 
_______ 

71,586 
_______ 

387,630 
_______ 

5,213 
- 
375,594 
- 
6,823 
_______ 

387,630 
_______ 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 8 June 2020. 

T Bleakley 
Director 

The notes on pages 28 to 70 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity  
For the year ended 31 December 2019 

 Ordinary Share 
capital 
£'000 

 Treasury 
shares 
£'000 

Ordinary Share 
premium 
£'000 

Founder Preferred 
Share Capital 
£'000 

Foreign exchange 
reserve 
£'000 

Retained   

earnings / (deficit) 
£'000 

Total 
equity 
£'000 

Balance at 01 January 2018  

Issue of shares 

Share-based compensation 
Director options 

Comprehensive income for the period 
Profit for the period 

31 December 2018 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

288,906 

86,688 

- 

- 
______ 

375,594 
______ 

Balance at 01 January 2019  

- 

- 

375,594 

IFRS 16 restatement (Note 2.19) 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

Balance at 01 January 2019 restated 

Conversion of Founder preferred to ordinary shares 
Share repurchase 

Comprehensive income for the period 
Loss for the period 
Other comprehensive income 

Total comprehensive income for the period 

31 December 2019 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
______ 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

- 

375,594 

- 
(2,417) 

- 
- 
______ 

- 
______ 

(2,417) 
______ 

652 
- 

- 
- 
______ 

- 
______ 

376,246 
______ 

The notes on pages 28 to 70 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

26 

5,213 

- 

- 

- 
______ 

5,213 
______ 

5,213 

- 
______ 

5,213 

(652) 
- 

- 
- 
______ 

- 
______ 

4,561 
______ 

- 

- 

- 

- 
______ 

- 
______ 

126 

294,245 

- 

86,688 

74 

74 

6,623 
______ 

6,823 
______ 

6,623 
______ 

387,630 
______ 

- 

6,823 

387,630 

- 
______ 

(10,279) 
______ 

(10,279) 
______ 

- 

- 
- 

- 
(530) 
______ 

(530) 
______ 

(530) 
______ 

(3,456) 

377,351 

- 
- 

- 
(2,417) 

(5,247) 
- 
______ 

(5,247) 
______ 

(8,703) 
______ 

(5,247) 
(530) 
______ 

(5,777) 
______ 

369,157 
______ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Consolidated statement of cash flows 
For the year ended 31 December 2019 

Cash flows from operating activities 
(Loss) / profit for the year 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
Depreciation on right of use asset 
Amortisation of intangible fixed assets 
Profit on disposal of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
Charge related to Director options 
Finance income 
Finance expense 

Increase in trade and other receivables 
Increase / (decrease) in trade and other payables 
Increase in provisions 

Cash generated from operations 

Interest paid 
Income taxes paid 

Net cash flows from operating activities  

Investing activities 
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired 
Investment in associate 
Purchases of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
Interest received 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Issue of Ordinary shares and warrants 
Share buy back 
Payment of lease liability 
Interest paid on loans and borrowings 

Net cash (used in) / from financing activities 

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

Note 

11 
11 
12 

9 
9 

14 
14 
11 
9 

20 
20 
2.19 

2019 
£'000 

Restated 
2018 
£'000 

(5,247) 

6,623 

6,953 
19,706 
19,753 
(22) 
- 
(518) 
8,234 
_______ 

3,195 
- 
10,087 
- 
74 
(1,658) 
6 
_______ 

48,859 

18,327 

(6,651) 
4,543 
- 
_______ 

(574) 
(5,276) 
301 
_______ 

46,751 

12,778 

(38) 
(2,369) 
_______ 

44,344 
_______ 

(125,999) 
(13,297) 
(12,095) 
518 
_______ 

(150,873) 
_______ 

- 
(2,417) 
(24,640) 
- 
_______ 

(27,057) 
_______ 

- 
(1,010) 
_______ 

11,768 
_______ 

(228,945) 
- 
(5,236) 
1,658 
_______ 

(232,523) 
_______ 

86,688 
- 
- 
(6) 
_______ 

86,682 
_______ 

(133,586) 

(134,073) 

160,503 
_______ 

26,917 
_______ 

294,576 
_______ 

160,503 
_______ 

There were non-cash transactions in the year which are disclosed in note 18. 

The notes on pages 28 to 70 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

1. 

General information 

The Company was incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the British Virgin Islands 
under the BVI Companies Act on 20 January 2017. The address of the Company's registered 
office  is  Kingston  Chambers,  PO  Box  173,  Road  Town,  Tortola,  British  Virgin  Islands.  The 
Ordinary  Shares and Warrants  were admitted for trading on the Main Market of the London 
Stock  Exchange  on  13  March  2017,  after  raising  gross  proceeds  of  US$425,250,000  for  a 
potential acquisition (an Acquisition).  

2. 

Principal accounting policies 

The principal accounting policies applied in these financial statements are set out below. 

2.1 

Basis of preparation 

These  financial  statements  are  prepared  under  the  historical  cost  convention  and  are  in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and its interpretations as issued 
by the European Union (“EU”) and those parts of the BVI Business Companies Act applicable 
under IFRS.   

The financial statements are presented in GBP. On 28 March 2018 and for FY18 the Company 
changed its presentational and functional currency from USD to GBP.  

Amounts are rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise stated. 

The financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis with the exception of certain 
financial instruments which are stated at fair value. 

Accounting policies have been consistently applied throughout the periods presented. 

This is the first set of the Group’s financial statements where IFRS 16 and IFRIC 23 have been 
applied. As required by IAS 8, the nature and effect of these changes and significant changes 
in accounting policies have been disclosed in note 2.10. The Group has not early adopted any 
other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective. 

Non-GAAP performance measures 

Billings represent the advertising spend by the advertiser, including fees directly payable by the 
advertiser to their advertising agency, exclusive of sales tax. 

Billings is the standard metric used by the out of home advertising industry body “Outsmart” to 
measure the market size and industry trends. Management consider Billings to be an important 
metric  to  assess  the  performance  of  the  underlying  business  against  industry  trends  and 
therefore presents Billings as a Non-GAAP performance measure. Billings is presented for the 
benefit  for  users  of  the  accounts  but  is  not  a  substitute  for  other  standard  GAAP  measures 
presented.  

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

 2.2 

Going concern 

The Directors have, at the time of approving the financial statements, a reasonable expectation 
that  the  Company  has  adequate  resources  to  continue  in  operational  existence  for  the 
foreseeable future. 

The Director’s assessment has considered the Group’s current financial position, a review of 
its budgets and forecasts, the principal risks and uncertainties including the impact of COVID-
19 and loan facilities available to the Group, with it having recently secured new credit facilities 
providing  additional  financing  of  up  to  £35m,  subject  to  customary  covenants  related  to 
minimum quarterly adjusted EBITDA and cash balances. 

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation announced the pandemic status of COVID-
19. Subsequent to this announcement, significant measures have been taken by Governments 
across Europe, restricting the movement of the people and the forced closure of non-essential 
business.  Given  the  company  operates  in  the  DOOH  market,  this  has  impacted  on  the 
company’s performance in FY20. The effect COVID-19 will have on the global economy and 
the knock-on effect that it has on the medium to long term on consumer and business behaviour 
cannot yet be quantified.  

The Directors of the company recognise COVID-19 has had and will have a significant effect 
on the results of the business in FY20, with the total impact not yet known. Various scenarios 
assessing the impact of the sales decline over the next 12 months from the date of approval of 
the financial statements and beyond, have been modelled, including additional downside stress 
testing, in line with the FRC guidance issued on 26th March 2020, and what the subsequent 
implications  would  be  on  the  Group  cash  flow.  The  modelling  demonstrates  that,  given  the 
existing level of cash held by the Group of £32.7m at 28 May 2020, in conjunction with the new 
credit  facilities  secured,  providing  additional  finance  subsequent  to  the  year  end,  and  the 
mitigating actions taken by the directors, being;  

-  Staff  costs  were  reduced  through  a  structured  reduction  in  working  hours  and 
government reimbursement schemes have been utilised where strictly necessary  
-  All landlords have been contacted  with a  view to  negotiating rent  holidays,  deferrals 

and reductions wherever possible 

-  Capital  expenditure  has  been  frozen  on  all  new  projects  and  the  site  maintenance 

program has been reduced to the performance of only essential maintenance 

-  Credit terms have been optimised and extensions agreed with key suppliers 

that even in the most extreme downside conditions considered reasonably possible, the Group 
will continue to be able to meet its obligations as they fall due.  

On this basis, whilst acknowledging there is significant uncertainty regarding the future impacts 
of COVID-19, the Directors are satisfied the Group remains well placed to manage its business 
risks successfully. Therefore, they have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate 
resources  to  continue  in  operational  existence  for  a  period  of  12  months  from  the  date  of 
approval  of  the  financial  statements.  Accordingly,  the  financial  statements  continue  to  be 
prepared on a going concern basis. 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

2.3 

Foreign currency translation  

Functional and presentation currency 

The Company is listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange. The performance of 
the Company is measured and reported to the shareholders in GBP, which is the Company’s 
functional  currency.  The  Directors  consider  GBP  as  the  currency  of  the  primary  economic 
environment in  which the  Company operates and the one  that most faithfully represents the 
economic effects of the underlying transactions, events and conditions.  

Transactions and balances 

Transactions entered into by Group entities in a currency other than the functional currency are 
recorded  at  the  rates  ruling  when  the  transactions  occur.  Foreign  currency  monetary  assets 
and  liabilities  are  translated  at  the  rates  ruling  at  the  reporting  date.  Exchange  differences 
arising  on  the  retranslation  of  unsettled  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised 
immediately in profit or loss. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of the foreign 
operation  are  recognised  in  other  comprehensive  income  and  accumulated  in  the  foreign 
exchange reserve.  

On consolidation, the results of overseas operations  are translated into GBP at  the average 
exchange rate for the year. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations, including goodwill 
arising on the acquisition of those operations, are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting 
date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate and 
the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income 
and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve. 

2.4 

Financial assets  

The Group classifies its financial assets into one of the categories discussed below, depending 
on the business model and cash flow type under which the assets are held. The Group has not 
classified  any  of  its  financial  assets  as  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income. The 
Group's accounting policy for each category is as follows: 

Amortised cost 

These assets are non-derivative financial assets held under the ‘hold to collect’ business model 
and  attracting  cash  flows  that  are  solely  payments  of  principal  and  interest.    They  comprise 
trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents.  They are initially recognised at fair 
value plus transaction costs that are directly attributable to their acquisition or issue, and are 
subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision 
for impairment.  

Impairment provisions for trade and other receivables are calculated using an expected credit 
loss model.  Under this model, impairment provisions are recognised to reflect expected credit 
losses based on a combination of historic and forward-looking information, the amount of such 
a provision being the difference between the net carrying amount and the present value of the 
future  expected  cash  flows  associated  with  the  impaired  receivable.    For  trade  receivables, 
which are reported net; such provisions are recorded in a separate allowance account with the 
loss  being  recognised  within  administrative  expenses  in  the  consolidated  statement  of 
comprehensive income.  On confirmation that the trade receivable will not be collectable, the 
gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short 
term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

2.5 

Financial liabilities 

The Group classifies its financial liabilities into one of two categories, depending on the purpose 
for  which  the  liability  was  acquired.  The  Group's  accounting  policy  for  each  category  is  as 
follows: 

Other financial liabilities  

Other financial liabilities include the following items: 

-  Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised 
at  fair  value  and  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest 
method 

2.6 

Share-based payments 

The Founder Preferred Shares (and attached warrants) and director options represent equity-
settled  share-based  arrangements  under  which  the  Company  receives  services  as  a 
consideration  for  the  additional  rights  attached  to  these  equity  shares,  over  and  above  their 
nominal  price. In addition,  the Company has granted  options to the non-executive directors. 
The management team have been incentivised via the issue of hurdle shares which aligns the 
long-term interest of the company to deliver shareholder wealth. The hurdle shares represent 
equity-settled  share-based  arrangements  under  which  the  Group  receives  services  as  a 
consideration for equity shares, over and above their nominal price. The fair value of the grant 
of  Founder  Preferred  Shares  (and  attached  warrants),  and  hurdle  shares  in  excess  of  any 
purchase price received is recognised as an expense. In addition, the Company has granted 
options to the non-executive directors. The management team have been incentivised via the 
issue of hurdle shares which aligns the long-term interest of the company to deliver shareholder 
wealth. The fair value of the Founder Preferred Shares (and attached warrants), the options 
and the hurdle shares is determined using a valuation model. 

2.7 

Segmental reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided 
to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible 
for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the  operating  segments,  has  been 
identified as the Board of Directors as it is the body that makes strategic decisions. The Board 
are of the opinion that there was only a single operational segment for FY18 being the provision 
of DOOH services to the UK market. 

For FY19, following the acquisition of foreign subsidiaries in the Netherlands and the Nordics, 
the Board is now of the opinion that the company operates in three distinct markets: The United 
Kingdom, The Netherlands and The Nordics. Accordingly, the group has been treated as three 
operational  segments  for  FY19  and  the  results  of  the  group  presented  in  the  financial 
statements  are  disaggregated  accordingly.  Each  operational  segment  provides  DOOH 
services to their local market. 

2.8 

Share capital 

Founder  Preferred  Shares,  Ordinary  Shares,  and  Warrants  are  classified  as  equity. 
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares are shown in equity 
as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. 

2.9 

Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty 

The  Group  makes  certain  estimates  and  assumptions  regarding  the  future.  Estimates  and 
judgements  are  continually  evaluated  based  on  historical  experience  and  other  factors, 
including  expectations  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances.  In  the  future,  actual  experience  may  differ  from  these  estimates  and 
assumptions. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Estimates and assumptions 

In preparing the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019, management 
and the directors made certain estimates and judgements in the following areas: 

   Accounting  treatment  for  the  digital  signage  investment  acquired  as  part  of  the 
acquisition of Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB which was restructured following 
acquisition.  The  directors  needed  to  exercise  judgement  on  whether  the  investment 
should be accounted for as an acquisition of a subsidiary business or the acquisition of 
an associate. See note 14 for further details; 

Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets  – Estimation of future cash flows 
and determination of discount rates (see note 13); 

   Depreciation of property, plant and equipment – Estimation of useful lives and residual 

values (see note 2.18); 

   The determination of incremental borrowing rates used and expected lease lengths in 

the application of IFRS 16 Leases (see note 2.19); 

   The application of IFRS 9 when measuring expected credit losses and the assessment 
of expected credit loss provisions required for accounts receivable balances (see note 
15); 

   The determining of fair value of the intangible assets in respect of acquired rights over 
advertising sites for the acquisitions made in the year. The estimates and assumptions 
include underlying cash flow projections, discount rates applied and long-term growth 
rates; and 

   The valuation of contingent consideration based on the probability of earn-out targets 

being satisfied for entities acquired during the year (see note 2.21) 

COVID-19  has  had  a  significant  negative  impact  on  the  OOH  market  and  the  Group’s 
performance  during  FY2020.  Refer  to  note  24  for  the  potential  impact  of  COVID-19  on 
EBITDA  results  and  cash  flows  which  could  lead  to  an  indicator  of  impairment  of  non-
current assets held by the group. At this time, due to the uncertainty regarding how long 
COVID-19  will  impact  the  OOH  market  and  the  Group’s  results  and  cash  flows,  the 
directors have assessed that there could be a significant risk of material adjustment to the 
carrying amounts of non-current assets within the next financial year. 

2.10  New accounting standards and interpretations 

The Company applied all applicable standards and applicable interpretations published by the 
EU for the year ended 31 December 2019 for the consolidated financial statements. 

a)  New standards, interpretations and amendments effective from 1 January 2019  

New standards impacting the Group that were adopted in the annual financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019, and which have given rise to changes in the Group’s 
accounting policies are:  

IFRS 16 Leases (IFRS 16); and 

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (IFRIC 23)  

 Detail
s of the impact these two standards have had are given in note 2.19 and 2.20 below.  Other 
new and amended standards and Interpretations issued by the IASB that will apply for the first 
time in the next annual financial statements are not expected to impact the Group as they are 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

either not relevant to the Group’s activities or require accounting which is consistent with the 
Group’s current accounting policies.  

b) 

 New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective  

There are a number of standards, amendments to standards, and interpretations which 
have been issued by the IASB that are effective in future accounting periods that the group 
has decided not to adopt early. The most significant of these is are as follows, which are 
all effective for the period beginning 1 January 2020:  

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in 
Accounting Estimates and Errors 

IFRS 3 Business Combinations 

   Revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 
The  Group  is  currently  assessing  the  impact  of  these  new  accounting  standards  and 
amendments.   

2.11  Revenue 

Substantially  all  of  the  Group’s  contracts  with  customers  contain  a  single  performance 
obligation, being the provision of advertising space, and are subject to fixed prices. Revenue 
is recognised on an over time basis. This is because the customer simultaneously receives 
and consumes the economic benefits provided under the contract by the Group’s performance. 

Amounts invoiced in advance of the performance of the advertising services are recognised 
as  performance  obligations  and  released  to  revenue  as  the  group  performs  the  advertising 
space under the contract. 

Payment  terms  extended  to  customers  depend  on  the  country  of  operation,  the  size  of  the 
booking and the credit risk posed by the customer. Credit terms vary from up-front payment to 
60 days.  

Revenue represents the amounts (excluding the value added tax) derived from the provision 
of advertising space to customers during the 52-week period ended 29 December 2019 (2018: 
52-week  period  ended  30  December  2018)  net  of  commissions  and  discounts.  Revenue  is 
recognised on a 52-week period to reflect the period of customer bookings, normally in 2-week 
blocks. The difference on this basis to recognition of turnover for a full year is immaterial. 

2.12  Basis of consolidation 

 Where Ocean Outdoor Limited (“the Company”) has control over an investee, it is classified as 
a  subsidiary.  The  Company  controls  an  investee  if  all  three  of  the  following  elements  are 
present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability 
of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. Control is reassessed whenever 
facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements of control. 

The  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  presents  the  results  of  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries  ("the  Group")  as  if  they  formed  a  single  entity.  Intercompany  transactions  and 
balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full. 

The Consolidated Financial Statements incorporates the results of business combinations  
using the acquisition method.  In the statement of financial position, the acquiree's identifiable 
assets,  liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  are  initially  recognised  at  their  fair  values  at  the 
acquisition date.  The results of acquired operations are included in the consolidated statement 
of comprehensive income from the date on which control is obtained. They are derecognised 
from the date on which control ceases. 

33 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Where the Group has the power to participate in (but not control) the financial and operating 
policy  decisions  of  another  entity,  it  is  classified  as  an  associate.    Associates  are  initially 
recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost. Subsequently associates  
are accounted for using the equity method, where the Group's share of post-acquisition profits  
and losses and other comprehensive income is recognised in the consolidated statement of  
profit and loss and other comprehensive income (except for losses in excess of the Group's  
investment in the associate unless there is an obligation to make good those losses).  

Profits and losses arising on transactions between the Group and its associates are recognised  
only to the extent of unrelated investors' interests in the associate.  The investor's share in the 
associate's  profits  and  losses  resulting  from  these  transactions  is  eliminated  against  the 
carrying value of the associate. 

2.13  Goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of a business combination over the total acquisition 
date fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired.  

Cost comprises the fair value of assets given, liabilities assumed and equity instruments issued, 
plus  the  amount  of  any  non-controlling  interests  in  the  acquiree  plus,  if  the  business 
combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree.  
Direct costs of acquisition are recognised immediately as an expense. 

Goodwill  is  capitalised  as  an  intangible  asset  with  any  impairment  in  carrying  value  being 
charged to the statement of comprehensive income. Where the fair value of identifiable assets, 
liabilities  and  contingent  liabilities  exceed  the  fair  value  of  consideration  paid,  the  excess  is 
credited in full to the statement of comprehensive income on the acquisition date. 

2.14  Other intangible assets  

Intangible  assets  are  recognised  on  business  combinations  if  they  are  separable  from  the 
acquired  entity  or  arise  from  other  contractual/legal  rights.  The  amounts  ascribed  to  such 
intangibles are arrived at by using appropriate valuation techniques. 

The Group has recognised acquired rights over advertising sites on business combinations as 
intangible assets. These are amortised over the contractual life of the advertising sites on a 
straight-line basis, which are typically 5 to 15 years. The amortisation charge is included within 
administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of profit and loss. 

The Group has recognised intangible asset in relation to the Ocean brand acquired as part of 
the  business  combination.  This  is  amortised  over  10  years  on  a  straight-line  basis.  The 
amortisation charge is included within administrative expenses in the consolidated statement 
of profit and loss. 

2.15 

Impairment of non-financial assets (excluding deferred tax assets) 

Impairment tests on goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful economic lives 
are undertaken annually at the financial  year end.  Other  non-financial assets are subject to 
impairment  tests  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  their  carrying 
amount  may  not  be  recoverable.    Where  the  carrying  value  of  an  individual  asset  or  cash 
generating units ('CGU’) exceeds its recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of value in use and fair 
value less costs to sell), the asset is written down accordingly. Impairment charges are included 
in  profit  or  loss,  except  to  the  extent  they  reverse  gains  previously  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive income. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed. 

2.16  Defined contribution schemes 

Contributions  to  defined  contribution  pension  schemes  are  charged  to  the  consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income in the year to which they relate. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

2.17  Deferred taxation 

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognised  where  the  carrying  amount  of  an  asset  or 
liability in the consolidated statement of financial position differs from its tax base, except for 
differences arising on: 

-  The initial recognition of goodwill 
-  The initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business 
combination  and  at  the  time  of  the  transaction  affects  neither  accounting  or  taxable 
profit, and 
Investments in subsidiaries where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal 
of the difference and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the near future. 
Recognition  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  restricted  to  those  instances  where  it  is  probable  that 
taxable profit will be available against which the difference can be utilised.  

- 

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or 
substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the deferred tax 
liabilities/(assets) are settled/(recovered).  

2.18 

Property, plant and equipment 

Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost.  As well as the purchase 
price, cost includes directly attributable costs. 

Depreciation is provided on all items of property, plant and equipment so as to write off their 
carrying  value  over  their  expected  useful  economic  lives  according  to  the  method  of 
depreciation  prevailing  in  the  relevant  countries  in  accordance  with  local  regulations  and 
economic conditions. It is provided at the following rates: 

  Site assets 

Site build costs 
Digital signage 
Light boxes 

- 
- 
- 

Over the length of the lease  
3 -10 years 
10 years 

Assets under the course of construction are only depreciated once ready for use. 

Equipment 

Fixtures and fittings 
Computer equipment 
Motor vehicles 

- 
- 
- 

4 years straight line 
2 years straight line 
4 years straight line 

2.19 

IFRS 16 Leases 

The  Group  applies,  for  the  first  time,  IFRS  16  Leases  (“IFRS  16”).  The  nature  and  effect  of 
these changes are disclosed below. 

IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17 Leases. The standard sets out the principles for the recognition, 
measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for most 
leases under a single on-balance sheet model. 

Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. Lessors will continue 
to classify leases as either operating or finance leases using similar principles as in IAS 17. 
Therefore, IFRS 16 did not have an impact for leases where the Group is the lessor. 

The  Group  adopted  IFRS  16  using  the  modified  retrospective  approach,  with  recognition  of 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

transitional adjustments on the date of initial application of 1 January 2019, without restatement 
of comparative figures. Under this method, the standard is applied with the cumulative effect of 
initially applying the standard recognised at the date of initial application. The Group elected to 
apply the practical expedient to not reassess whether a contract is, or contains a lease at the 
date of initial application. In compliance with the standard, IFRS 16 has only been applied to 
contracts that were previously identified as leases applying IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 at the date of 
initial application. The definition of a lease under IFRS 16 was applied only to contracts entered 
into  or  changed  on  or  after  1  January  2019.  The  Group  also  elected  to  use  the  recognition 
exemptions  for  lease  contracts  that,  at  the  commencement  date,  have  a  lease  term  of  12 
months or less and do not contain a purchase option (‘short-term leases’), and lease contracts 
for which the underlying asset is of low value (‘low-value assets’). 

The leases entered into by the Group relate to rental of office space, advertising space and 
equipment in order to generate revenue. 

  The effect of adoption IFRS 16 as at 1 January 2019, increase/(decrease) is as follows: 

Assets 
Right-of-use asset 
Prepayments 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Lease liability 
Accruals 

Total liabilities 

Total adjustment to equity; IFRS 16 Restatement 

£'000 

88,520 
856 
________ 

89,376 

99,719 
(64) 
________ 

99,655 

(10,279) 
________ 

The transition figures above differ to those presented in the interim financial statements as a 
result of a reassessment of the incremental borrowing rates used on the leases. 

a)  Nature of the effect of adoption of IFRS 16 

The Group has lease contracts for various items of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles. 
Before  the  adoption  of  IFRS  16,  the  Group  classified  each  of  its  leases  (as  lessee)  at  the 
inception date as either a finance lease or an operating lease.  

A lease was classified as a finance lease if it transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards 
incidental  to  ownership  of  the  leased  asset  to  the  Group;  otherwise  it  was  classified  as  an 
operating lease.  

Finance leases were capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair 
value  of  the  lease  or,  if  lower,  at  the  present  value  of  the  minimum  lease  payments.  Lease 
payments were apportioned between interest (recognised as finance costs) and reduction of 
the lease liability.  

In  an  operating  lease,  the  site  asset  was  not  capitalised  and  the  lease  payments  were 
recognised as rent expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Any 
prepaid  rent  and  accrued  rent  were  recognised  under  Prepayments  and  Trade  and  other 
payables, respectively. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

The standard provides specific transition requirements and practical expedients, which have 
been applied by the Group. 

- 

Leases previously accounted for as operating leases 
The  Group  recognised  right-of-use  assets  and  lease  liabilities  for  those  leases 
previously classified as operating leases, except for short-term leases and leases of 
low-value  assets.  The  right-of-use  assets  were  recognised  based  on  the  carrying 
amount as if the standard had always been applied. Lease liabilities were recognised 
based  on  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease  payments,  discounted  using  the 
incremental borrowing rate at the date of initial application. 

The Group also applied the available practical expedients wherein it: 

-  Used  a  single  discount  rate  to  a  portfolio  of  leases  with  reasonably  similar 

characteristics; 

-  Relied on its assessment of whether leases are onerous immediately before the date 

of initial application; 

-  Applied  the  short-term  leases  exemptions  to  leases  with  terms  that  end  within  12 

months of the date of initial application; 

-  Excluded the initial direct costs from the measurement of the right-of-use asset at the 

date of initial application; and 

-  Used hindsight in determining the lease term where the contract contains options to 

extend or terminate the lease 

Based on the above, as at 1 January 2019;  

-  A right-of-use asset of £89m was recognised and presented separately in the statement 
of financial position. No lease assets, previously recognised as finance leases, have 
been reclassified from Property, plant and equipment. 
Lease liabilities of £100m were recognised. 

- 
-  Prepayments of £1m related to previous operating leases were derecognised. 

The lease liabilities as at 1 January 2019 can be reconciled to the operating lease commitments 
as of 31 December 2018 as follows: 

Operating lease commitments as at 31 December 2018 

Weighted average incremental borrowing rate as at 1 January 2019 

Discounted operating lease commitments at 1 January 2019 

Current liability 
Non-current liability 

Lease liability recognised at 1 January 2019 

£'000 

125,360 

5.5% 

99,719 
________ 

16,250 
83,469 
________ 

99,719 
________ 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

b)  Summary of new accounting policies 

Set out below are the new accounting policies of the Group upon adoption of IFRS 16, which 
have been applied from the date of initial application: 

-  Right-of-use assets 

The  Group  recognises  right-of-use  assets  at  the  commencement  date  of  the  lease. 
Right-of-use  assets  are  measured  at  cost,  less  any  accumulated  depreciation  and 
impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of 
right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs 
incurred,  and  lease  payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement  date  less  any 
lease incentives received. Unless the Group is reasonably certain to obtain ownership 
of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognised right-of-use assets are 
depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the 
lease term. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment. 

- 

Lease liabilities 
At  the  commencement  date  of  the  lease,  the  Group  recognises  lease  liabilities 
measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The 
lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments)  less 
any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a 
rate,  and  amounts  expected  to  be  paid  under  residual  value  guarantees.  The  lease 
payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be 
exercised by the Group and payments of penalties for terminating a lease, if the lease 
term reflects the Group exercising the option to terminate. The variable lease payments 
that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period on 
which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. 

-  Recognition of right of use assets and lease liabilities on business combinations 

In the case of lease assets and lease liabilities acquired in a business combination, the 
Group measures the lease liability at the present value of the remaining lease payments 
as if the acquired lease were a new lease at the acquisition date. The group measures 
the  right-of-use  asset  at  the  same  amount  as  the  lease  liability,  adjusted  to  reflect 
favourable or unfavourable terms of the lease when compared with market terms. 

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses the incremental borrowing 
rate  at  the  lease  commencement  date  if  the  interest  rate  implicit  in  the  lease  is  not  readily 
determinable.  After  the  commencement  date,  the  lease  liability  is  increased  to  reflect  the 
accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount 
of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change 
in  the  in-substance  fixed  lease  payments  or  a  change  in  the  assessment  to  purchase  the 
underlying asset. 

-  Significant judgement in determining the lease term of contracts with renewal options 
The Group determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together 
with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to 
be  exercised,  or  any  periods  covered  by  an  option  to  terminate  the  lease  if  it  is 
reasonably  certain  not  to  be  exercised.  The  Group  applies  judgement  in  evaluating 
whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the option to renew. That is, it considers all 
relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise the renewal. After 
the commencement date, the Group reassesses the lease term if there is a significant 
event  or  change  in  circumstances  that  is  within  its  control  and  affects  its  ability  to 
exercise (or not to exercise) the option to renew (e.g., a change in business strategy). 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

The  Group  has  leases  that  can  be  modified  in  subsequent  periods  based  on  contractual 
performance. These are accounted for in the accounting period as a lease modification. When 
the group renegotiates the contractual terms of a lease with the lessor, the accounting depends 
on the nature of the modification:  

- 

- 

- 

If the renegotiation results in one or more additional assets being leased for an amount 
commensurate with the standalone price for the additional rights-of-use obtained, the 
modification is accounted for as a separate lease in accordance with the above policy. 

In  all  other  cases  where  the  renegotiated  terms  increase  the  scope  of  the  lease 
(whether that is an extension to the lease term, or one or more additional assets being 
leased),  the  lease  liability  is  remeasured  using  the  discount  rate  applicable  on  the 
modification date, with the right-of use asset being adjusted by the same amount. 

If the renegotiation results in a decrease in the scope of the lease, both the carrying 
amount of the lease liability and right-of-use asset are reduced by the same proportion 
to reflect the partial or full termination of the lease with any difference recognised in 
profit or loss. The lease liability is then further adjusted to ensure its carrying amount 
reflects the amount of the renegotiated payments over the renegotiated term, with the 
modified lease payments  discounted at the rate applicable on  the modification  date. 
The right-of-use asset is adjusted by the same amount. 

c)  Amounts recognised in the statement of financial position and profit or loss 

Set out below, are the carrying amounts of the Group’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 
and the movements during the period: 

As at 1 January 2019 
   - Cost 
   - Accumulated depreciation 
Additions: 
     Lease additions 
     Lease modification 
     Subsidiary acquisition 
Disposals 
Depreciation expense 
Foreign exchange difference 

As at 31 December 2019 

Non-current 

Sites right of 
use asset 
£'000 

Office right 
of use asset 
£'000 

Total right 
of use asset 
£'000 

135,577 
(47,972) 

10,204 
1,259 
69,400 
(816) 
(19,426) 
(1,087) 
________ 

2,587 
(816) 

138,164 
(48,788) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(280) 
- 
________ 

10,204 
1,259 
69,400 
(816) 
(19,706) 
(1,087) 
________ 

147,139 
________ 

1,491 
________ 

148,630 
________ 

147,139 
________ 

1,491 
________ 

148,630 
________ 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

As at 1 January 2019 
Additions: 
     Lease additions 
     Lease modification 
     Subsidiary acquisition 
Disposals 
Finance expense 
Foreign exchange difference 
Payments 

As at 31 December 2019 

Current 
Non-current 

Site liability 
£'000 

Office 
liability 
£'000 

Total Lease 
liabilities 
£'000 

97,759 

1,960 

99,719 

10,204 
1,259 
69,400 
(766) 
6,819 
(1,695) 
(24,271) 
________ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
97 
- 
(369) 
________ 

10,204 
1,259 
69,400 
(766) 
6,916 
(1,695) 
(24,640) 
________ 

158,709 
________ 

1,688 
________ 

160,397 
________ 

23,923 
134,786 
________ 

158,709 
________ 

264 
1,424 
________ 

24,187 
136,210 
________ 

1,688 
________ 

160,397 
________ 

Short-term leases entered into by the Group, not accounted for under IFRS 16, totalled £65,000 
and there were no low value leases. Variable lease payments not included in the lease liability 
totalled £13.9m. 

2.20 

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments 

IFRIC 23 provides guidance on the accounting for current and deferred tax liabilities and assets 
in circumstances in which there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation 
requires: 

-  The  Group  to  determine  whether  uncertain  tax  treatments  should  be  considered 
separately,  or  together  as  a  group,  based  on  which  approach  provides  better 
predictions of the resolution; 

-  The Group to determine if it is probable that the tax authorities will accept the uncertain 

tax treatment; and 

- 

If it is not probable that the uncertain tax treatment will be accepted, measure the tax 
uncertainty  based  on  the  most  likely  amount  or  expected  value,  depending  on 
whichever method better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty. This measurement 
is required to be based on the assumption that each of the tax authorities will examine 
amounts they have a right to examine and have full knowledge of all related information 
when making those examinations. 

The  Group  elected  to  apply  IFRIC  23  retrospectively  with  the  cumulative  effect  recorded  in 
retained earnings as at the date of initial application, 1 January 2019. The adoption of IFRIC 
23 resulted in no change to corporate tax liabilities and no change to retained earnings. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

2.21  Contingent and deferred consideration on acquisitions 

The Group recognises contingent consideration payable on satisfaction of performance targets 
being  achieved  over  certain  time  periods,  based  on  the  probability  of  the  targets  being 
achieved. At inception, the balance is discounted using the acquisition  internal rate of return 
(IRR) to present value. Interest on the unwinding of the balance is charged to the profit and 
loss over the period of the performance targets. The probability of targets being achieved is 
reviewed and any changes to the expected consideration payable are also charged to the profit 
and loss. 

The Group recognises deferred consideration at the present value at inception. The balance 
payable in a future period is discounted using a discount rate based on a lender borrowing rate 
at acquisition to present value and interest on the unwinding of the balance is charged to the 
profit and loss up to the point the balance is payable. 

3. 

Financial instruments - Risk Management 

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks: 

-  Credit risk; 
- 
Liquidity risk; and 
-  Foreign currency risk 

In common with all other businesses, the Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of 
financial instruments. This note describes the Group's objectives, policies and processes for 
managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.  Further quantitative information 
in respect of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements. 

There have been no substantive changes in the Group's exposure to financial instrument risks, 
its objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure 
them from previous periods unless otherwise stated in this note. 

(i) Principal financial instruments 

The  principal  financial  instruments  used  by  the  Group,  from  which  financial  instrument  risk 
arises, are as follows: 

-  Trade and other receivables  
-  Cash and cash equivalents 
-  Trade and other payables 

(ii) Financial instruments by category 

Financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables 

Total financial assets 

41 

Amortised cost 

2019 
£'000 

26,917 
54,124 
_______ 

81,041 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

160,503 
32,970 
_______ 

193,473 
_______ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Financial liabilities 

Trade and other payables - current 
Other payables - non-current 

Total financial liabilities 

Amortised cost 

2019 
£'000 

46,980 
10,501 
_______ 

57,481 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

9,170 
- 
_______ 

9,170 
_______ 

(iii) Financial instruments not measured at fair value 

Financial instruments not measured at fair value include certain cash and cash equivalents, trade 
and other receivables and trade and other payables. 

Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other 
receivables, trade and other payables approximates their fair value.  

General objectives, policies and processes 

The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  determination  of  the  Group's  risk  management 
objectives and policies. The Board receives monthly reports from the Group Financial Controller 
through which it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness 
of the objectives and policies it sets.   

The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as far as possible 
without  unduly  affecting  the  Group's  competitiveness  and  flexibility.    Further  details  regarding 
these policies are set out below: 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial 
instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Group is mainly exposed to credit risk 
from  credit  sales.  It  is  Group  policy,  implemented  locally,  to  assess  the  credit  risk  of  new 
customers  before  entering  contracts.  The  Group's  review  includes  external  ratings,  when 
available,  and  in  some  cases  bank  references.  Purchase  limits  are  established  for  each 
customer. Trade receivables contain receivables due from customers to which we may also owe 
volume rebates that are contained within our trade payables and accruals. Credit risk also arises 
from cash and cash equivalents and deposits with banks and financial institutions. For banks and 
financial institutions, only independently rated parties with minimum rating "A" are accepted.  In 
respect  of  the  year  and  period  ends  presented,  £20.9m  (2018:  £18.2)  was  held  on  current 
account with HSBC Bank plc, £1.1 m (2018: £142.3m) was held on current account with Barclays 
Bank plc, £2.5m (2018: £Nil) was held on current account with ABN AMRO, £1.2m (2018: £Nil) 
was held on current account with Rabobank and £1.2m (2018: £Nil) was held on current account 
with Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk arises from the Group's management of working capital and the finance charges 
and  principal  repayments  on  its  debt  instruments.  It  is  the  risk  that  the  Group  will  encounter 
difficulty in meeting its financial obligations as they fall due. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

The  Group's  policy  is  to  ensure  that  it  will  always  have  sufficient  cash  to  allow  it  to  meet  its 
liabilities when they become due.  To achieve this aim, it seeks to maintain cash balances (or 
agreed facilities) to meet expected requirements for a period of at least 90 days.  

The  Board  receives  rolling  12-month  cash  flow  projections  on  a  monthly  basis  as  well  as 
information regarding cash balances. At the end of the financial year, these projections indicated 
that  the  Group  expected  to  have  sufficient  liquid  resources  to  meet  its  obligations  under  all 
reasonably expected circumstances. 

Total 

£'000 

Up to 3 
months 
£'000 

160,503 
32,970 
9,170 
_______ 

160,503 
32,970 
6,855 
_______ 

Total 

£'000 

Up to 3 
months 
£'000 

26,917 
54,124 
206,790 
46,980 
10,501 
_______ 

26,917 
54,124 
7,701 
44,606 
- 
_______ 

Between 
3 and 12 
months 
£'000 

- 
- 
764 
_______ 

Between 
3 and 12 
months 
£'000 

- 
- 
23,910 
2,374 
- 
_______ 

Between 
1 and 2 
years 
£'000 

- 
- 
1,280 
_______ 

Between 
1 and 2 
years 
£'000 

- 
- 
29,544 
- 
7,423 
_______ 

Between 
2 and 5 
years 
£'000 

- 
- 
271 
_______ 

Between 
2 and 5 
years 
£'000 

- 
- 
76,615 
- 
3,078 
_______ 

Over 
5 years 
£'000 

- 
- 
- 
_______ 

Over 
5 years 
£'000 

- 
- 
69,020 
- 
- 
_______ 

At 31 December 2018 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables 
Trade and other payables 

At 31 December 2019 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables 
Lease liability 
Trade and other payables 
Other payables 

Currency risk 

Following the acquisition of foreign subsidiaries in the year, the Group is exposed to risk from 
movements in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and market prices that affect its 
assets, liabilities and anticipated future transactions. The Group is exposed to foreign currency 
risk  from  transactions  other  than  functional  currency.  Transaction  exposure  arises  because 
affiliated  companies  undertake  transactions  in  foreign  currencies.  The  Group  does  not  use 
forward foreign exchange rate contracts to hedge exchange rate risk. Its exposure is as follows: 

At 31 December 2019 
Financial assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade receivables 

Financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Other payables 

USD 
in GBP 
£'000 

EURO 
in GBP 
£'000 

SEK 
in GBP 
£'000 

GBP 
in GBP 
£'000 

Total 
GBP 
£'000 

1,560 
- 
_______ 

4,848 
4,516 
_______ 

2,030 
8,222 
_______ 

18,479 
41,386 
_______ 

26,917 
54,124 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

7,694 
- 
_______ 

12,435 
- 
_______ 

26,851 
10,501 
_______ 

46,980 
10,501 
_______ 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

Capital Disclosures 

The Group's objectives when maintaining capital are: 

- 

- 

to safeguard the entity's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue 
to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and 
to provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing products and services 
commensurately with the level of risk. 

The Group sets the amount of capital it requires in proportion to risk. The Group manages its 
capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions. In 
order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends 
paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce 
debt.  

4. 

Revenue 

All revenue is recognised on an over time basis from advertising space provided to its 
customers.   

Analysis of revenue by service type and region: 

Provision of advertising space – United Kingdom 
Provision of advertising space – Netherlands 
Provision of advertising space – Nordics 

5. 

Segmental reporting 

2019 
£'000 

71,668 
22,800 
9,565 
_______ 

104,033 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

49,795 
- 
- 
_______ 

49,795 
_______ 

2019 

UK Group 
£'000 

Netherlands 

£'000 

Nordics 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

Revenue 
Interest 
Depreciation and amortisation 
(Loss) / profit for the period  
Total assets 
Total liabilities 

71,668 
(6,508) 
(37,475) 
(9,450) 
549,316 
(199,584) 
_______ 

22,800 
(1,411) 
(6,385) 
3,365 
56,283 
(49,007) 
_______ 

9,565 
(315) 
(2,552) 
838 
53,475 
(41,326) 
_______ 

104,033 
(8,234) 
(46,412) 
(5,247) 
659,074 
(289,917) 
_______ 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

5. 

Segmental reporting (continued) 

2018 

UK Group 
£'000 

Netherlands 

£'000 

Nordics 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

Revenue 
Interest 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Profit for the period  
Total assets 
Total liabilities 

49,795 
(4) 
(13,282) 
6,623 
459,216 
(71,586) 
_______ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_______ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_______ 

49,795 
(4) 
(13,282) 
6,623 
459,216 
(71,586) 
_______ 

6. 

Expenses by nature 

Employee benefit expenses (note 7) 
Depreciation of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
(note 11) 
Depreciation of right of use asset (note 11) 
Amortisation of intangible assets (note 12) 
Operating site lease expense 
Site profit share, rates, utilities and maintenance 
Profit on disposal of site assets, equipment and motor 
vehicles 
Foreign exchange 
Acquisition and relisting fees 
Auditor remuneration – audit fees 

Ocean Outdoor Limited Group audit 

Auditor remuneration – other non-audit services 

7. 

Employee benefit expenses 

Wages and salaries 
Social security contributions and similar taxes  
Management incentive scheme 
Defined contribution pension cost  

2019 
£'000 

8,657 
6,953 

19,706 
19,753 
- 
22,015 
22 

482 
1,854 

2018 
£'000 

4,614 
3,195 

- 
10,087 
10,853 
13,660 
1 

2 
5,607 

366 
- 
_______ 

220 
95 
_______ 

2019 
£'000 

7,604 
909 
- 
144 
_______ 

8,657 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

4,001 
479 
68 
66 
_______ 

4,614 
_______ 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

8. 

Key management personnel compensation  

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, 
directing and controlling the activities of the Group, including the directors. 

Wages and salaries 
Benefits in kind 
Management incentive scheme (hurdle shares) 
Defined contribution pension cost  

9. 

Finance expense and finance income 

Finance expense 
Interest payable on lease liability 
Interest on contingent consideration 
Other Interest payable  

Finance income 
Interest receivable on cash and cash equivalents 

10.  Tax 

Current tax expense 
Current tax charge for the year 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods 

Total current tax 

Deferred tax expense 
Deferred tax credit for the year (see note 17) 

Total tax expense 

2019 
£'000 

1,941 
67 
- 
38 
_______ 

2,046 
_______ 

2019 
£'000 

6,915 
1,281 
38 
_______ 

8,234 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

1,234 
35 
68 
21 
_______ 

1,358 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

- 
- 
4 
_______ 

4 
_______ 

518 
_______ 

1,658 
_______ 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

4,250 
- 
_______ 

2,002 
(2) 
_______ 

4,250 

2,000 

(3,709) 
_______ 

541 
_______ 

(1,694) 
_______ 

306 
_______ 

The Group’s trading subsidiaries operated in the UK, the Netherlands and in the Nordics in FY19. 
The  group  pays  corporation  tax  on  profits  in  the  corresponding  tax  jurisdiction  in  which  the 
company operates. The reasons for the difference between the actual tax charge for the year 
and the standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom applied to the loss for the year 
are as follows: 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

10.  Tax (continued) 

(Loss) / profit before tax 

Tax using the Company's domestic tax rate of 19%  
(2018: 19%) 
Foreign subsidiary tax rate difference 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

Total tax expense 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

(4,706) 
_______ 

6,929 
_______ 

(894) 
220 
1,215 
_______ 

541 
_______ 

1,317 
- 
(1,011) 
_______ 

306 
_______ 

The key contributor to the expenses not deductible for tax purposes is interest disallowable per 
the corporate interest restrictions rules. 

Changes in tax rates and factors affecting the future tax charge 

A reduction in the UK corporation tax rate from 20% to 19% (effective from 1 April  2017) was 
substantively enacted on 26 October 2015, and an additional reduction to 17% (effective 1 April 
2020) was substantively enacted on 6 September 2016. On 11 March 2020, the UK corporation 
tax  rate  was  confirmed  as  being  maintained  at  19%  from  1  April  2020  onwards.  Deferred  tax 
assets and liabilities at 31 December  2019 have been calculated taking into consideration the 
applicable rates when the temporary differences are expected to reverse. 

11.  Property, plant and equipment 

Cost or valuation 

Site 

assets  Equipment 
£'000 

£'000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

At 1 January 2018 
Acquired through business combinations  
Additions 
Disposals 

- 
24,461 
10,349 
(23) 
_______ 

- 
227 
56 
(72) 
_______ 

- 
73 
- 
(12) 
_______ 

- 
24,761 
10,405 
(107) 
_______ 

At 31 December 2018 

34,787 
_______ 

211 
_______ 

61 
_______ 

35,059 
_______ 

At 1 January 2019 

34,787 

211 

61 

35,059 

Acquired through business combinations  
Additions 
Disposals 
FX variance 

9,630 
11,922 
(91) 
(250) 
_______ 

579 
278 
- 
(3) 
_______ 

117 
- 
(13) 
(1) 
_______ 

10,326 
12,200 
(104) 
(254) 
_______ 

At 31 December 2019 

55,998 
_______ 

1,065 
_______ 

164 
_______ 

57,227 
_______ 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

11.  Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Accumulated depreciation 

At 1 January 2018 
Charge in the year 
Disposals 

Site 
assets 
£'000 

Equipment 
£'000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

- 
3,111 
(23) 
_______ 

- 
59 
(72) 
_______ 

- 
25 
(12) 
_______ 

- 
3,195 
(107) 
_______ 

At 31 December 2018 

3,088 
_______ 

(13) 
_______ 

13 
_______ 

3,088 
_______ 

At 1 January 2019 
Charge in the year 
Disposals 
FX variance 

3,088 
6,737 
(121) 
(40) 
_______ 

(13) 
161 
- 
(1) 
_______ 

13 
55 
(4) 
- 
_______ 

3,088 
6,953 
(125) 
(41) 
_______ 

At 31 December 2019 

9,664 
_______ 

147 
_______ 

64 
_______ 

9,875 
_______ 

Net Book Value 

At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2018 

Site 
assets 
£'000 

Equipment 
£'000 

Motor 
vehicles 
£'000 

Total 
£'000 

46,334 
_______ 

31,699 
_______ 

918 
_______ 

100 
_______ 

47,352 
_______ 

224 
_______ 

48 
_______ 

31,971 
_______ 

Included  within  site  assets  is  £3.95m  (2018:  £8.10m)  related  to  assets  under  course  of 
construction.  

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Right of 
use asset 
£'000 

138,164 
69,400 
11,463 
(1,429) 
(1,214) 
_______ 

216,384 
_______ 

48,788 
19,706 
(613) 
(127) 
_______ 

67,754 
_______ 

148,630 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

11.  Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Cost 

At 1 January 2019 
Acquired through business combinations  
Additions 
Disposals 
FX variance 

At 31 December 2019 

Accumulated depreciation  

At 1 January 2019 
Charge in the year 
Disposals 
FX variance 

At 31 December 2019 

Net Book Value 

At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2018 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

12. 

Intangible assets 

Cost or valuation 

Brand 

£'000 

Acquired 
rights over 
advertising 
sites 
£'000 

Goodwill 

Total 

£'000 

£'000 

At 1 January 2018 
Acquired through business combinations  

- 
6,725 
_______ 

- 
136,715 
_______ 

- 
96,671 
_______ 

- 
240,111 
_______ 

At 31 December 2018 

6,725 
_______ 

136,715 
_______ 

96,671 
_______ 

240,111 
_______ 

At 1 January 2019 
Acquired through business combinations  
FX variance 

6,725 
- 
- 
_______ 

136,715 
74,167 
(264) 
_______ 

96,671 
83,785 
(552) 
_______ 

240,111 
157,952 
(816) 
_______ 

At 31 December 2019 

6,725 
_______ 

210,618 
_______ 

179,904 
_______ 

397,247 
_______ 

Accumulated amortisation 
and impairment 

At 1 January 2018 
Charge in the year 

At 31 December 2018 

At 1 January 2019 
Charge in the year 

At 31 December 2019 

Net Book Value 

At 31 December 2019 

At 31 December 2018 

- 
500 
_______ 

- 
9,587 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

- 
10,087 
_______ 

500 
_______ 

9,587 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

10,087 
_______ 

500 
673 
_______ 

9,587 
19,080 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

10,087 
19,753 
_______ 

1,173 
_______ 

28,667 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

29,840 
_______ 

5,552 
_______ 

181,951 
_______ 

179,904 
_______ 

367,407 
_______ 

6,225 
_______ 

127,128 
_______ 

96,671 
_______ 

230,024 
_______ 

The remaining period over which amortisation is to be charged on acquired rights over advertising 
sites is between 4 and 15 years. The remaining period over which amortisation is to be charged 
on the Ocean brand is 9 years. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

13.  Goodwill and impairment 

The Group is required to test, on an annual basis, whether goodwill has suffered any impairment. 
The  recoverable  amount  is  determined  based  on  value  in  use  calculations.  The  use  of  this 
method requires the estimation of future cash flows and the determination of a discount rate in 
order to calculate the present value of the cash flows.  

The Company made five acquisitions in FY19, that of Ngage, Interbest, Beyond Outdoor, Visual 
Art and ACM. It made two in FY18; that of SCP Acquisition Topco Limited and its subsidiaries 
and Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited and its subsidiaries. For the purpose of impairment testing 
each  acquisition  was  measured  on  the  basis  of  its  value  in  use  based  on  financial  forecasts 
covering a five-year period. The key assumptions for the value in use calculation are: 

-  Discount rates 
-  Growth rates in revenue and costs 
-  Free cash flow 

Pre-tax discount rates used in the SCP Acquisition Topco Group impairment review were 16.4%, 
for Forrest Media (Holdings) Group 13.1%, for Ngage 14.6%, Interbest 15.4%, Beyond Outdoor 
15.4%, Visual Art 13.7% and for ACM 11.0%. 

A long-term growth rate of 2% was used to extrapolate cash flows beyond the five-year forecast 
period in calculating a terminal value assuming the sale of the business.  

The  free  cash  flows  used  are  based  on  revenue  projections  less  direct  and  allocated  costs 
established  using  management  approved  budgets  and  forecasts  less  working  capital 
movements.  

These metrics are based on past performance and expectations of future changes in the market. 
They have been assessed and consideration given to any reasonable possible changes to these 
assumptions, including the undertaking of a sensitivity analysis.  

The  surplus  of  cash  flows  at  31  December  2019  was  assessed  as  reasonable  based  on  the 
headroom level over the carrying value of non-current assets and working capital being in the 
ranges of 10%-37%. 

No instances have been identified that could cause the carrying amount of goodwill to exceed its 
recoverable amount and therefore no impairment has been recognised. 

The carrying amount of goodwill is allocated to the cash generating units (CGUs) as follows: 

UK Operations 
Ocean Netherlands 
Ocean Nordics 

2019 
£'000 

96,671 
23,520 
59,713 
_______ 

179,904 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

96,671 
- 
- 
_______ 

96,671 
_______ 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations 

On  26  February  2018,  Ocean  Outdoor  Limited  formed  Ocean  Jersey  Topco  Limited  (formerly 
Ocelot Partners Bidco Limited), a wholly owned subsidiary, incorporated in Jersey. 

On 28 March 2018 the Ocean Outdoor Limited acquired 100% of the share capital and voting 
rights  of  SCP  Acquisition  Topco  Limited  and  its  subsidiaries,  through  Ocean  Jersey  Topco 
Limited. The acquired company and its subsidiaries specialise in the development and sale of 
Out of Home (OOH) displays in the UK. The transaction was funded using cash on hand.  

On 2 June 2018 the Ocean Group acquired 100% of the share capital and voting rights of Forrest 
Media  (Holdings)  Limited  and  its  subsidiaries,  registered  in  Scotland,  through  Ocean  Bidco 
Limited. The acquired company and its subsidiaries specialise in the development and sale of 
Out of Home (OOH) displays in Scotland. The transaction was funded using cash on hand. 

On  11  March  2019  the  Ocean  Group  acquired  100%  of  the  share  capital  and  voting  rights  of 
Ngage  Media B.V, registered  in the Netherlands, through Ocean Bidco Limited.  The acquired 
company  specialises  in  the  development  and  sale  of  Out  of  Home  (OOH)  displays  in  the 
Netherlands. The transaction was funded using cash on hand. 

On  11  March  2019  the  Ocean  Group  acquired  100%  of  the  share  capital  and  voting  rights  of 
Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V, registered in the Netherlands, through Ocean Bidco Limited. The 
acquired company specialises in the development and sale of Out of Home (OOH) displays in 
the Netherlands. The transaction was funded using cash on hand. 

On 29 May 2019 the Ocean Group acquired 100% of the share capital and voting rights of DKTD 
Media B.V, (aka Beyond Outdoor) registered in the Netherlands, through Ocean Bidco Limited. 
The acquired company specialises in the development and sale of Out of Home (OOH) displays 
in the Netherlands. The transaction was funded using cash on hand. 

On 13 September 2019 the Ocean Group acquired 100% of the share capital and voting rights 
of Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB and its subsidiaries, registered in Sweden, through 
Ocean Bidco Limited. The acquired company and its subsidiaries specialise in the development 
and  sale  of  Out  of  Home  (OOH)  displays  in  Sweden,  Denmark,  Finland  and  Germany.  The 
transaction  was funded using cash  on hand. The  acquired Group consisted of a Media Sales 
business and a Digital signage business. It was always the intention of Ocean to acquire 100% 
of the Media Sales business and to form a separate entity with the vendors for the Digital Signage 
business. Accordingly, the digital signage business was recognised as a subsidiary held-for-sale 
at the acquisition date and the media sales business was recognised as a business combination. 
The acquired group was restructured following the acquisition resulting in Ocean Bidco Limited 
holding  49.99%  of  the  share  capital  and  voting  rights  of  Visual  Art  Technologies  (the  Digital 
signage  business),  a  company  registered  in  Sweden.  The  restructure  was  formalised  on  23 
December 2019 at which point Visual Art Technologies was de-recognised as a subsidiary and 
was subsequently recognised as an associate in accordance with IAS 28. The Group does not 
exercise  control  over  Visual  Art  Technologies  with  effect  from  23  December  2019  because 
another party holds the remaining share capital and voting rights. The fair value of the associate 
at 23 December 2019 was £13.3m. The carrying value of the investments at 31 December 2019 
is also £13.3m. 

On 9 December 2019 the Ocean Group acquired 80.13% of the share capital and voting rights 
of AdCityMedia AB and its subsidiaries, registered in Sweden, through Ocean Bidco Limited. On 
18 December 2019 a further 17.33% of the share capital and voting rights were acquired taking 
the  total  holding  to  97.46%.  The  acquired  company  and  its  subsidiaries  specialise  in  the 
development and sale of Out of Home (OOH) displays in Sweden and Norway. The transaction 
was funded using cash on hand. On 4 February 2020 a further 1.94% holding in the company 
was  acquired.  Under  Swedish  law  the  remaining  shares  not  owned  can  be  acquired  via  a 
compulsory purchase. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

The principal subsidiaries and associates of the Group which have been included in these 
Consolidated Financial Statements, are as follows: 

  Name 

  Subsidiary companies 

Country of 
incorporation  
and principal  
place of business 

Nature of business 

Ownership 
2019 

Ownership 
2018 

  Ocean Jersey Topco Limited 
  SCP Acquisition Topco Limited1, 3 
  SCP Acquisition Midco Limited1, 3 
  SCP Acquisition Bidco Limited1 
  Ocean Topco Limited1 
  Ocean Bidco Limited1 
  Ocean Outdoor UK Limited1 
  Signature Outdoor Limited1 
  Mediaco Outdoor Limited1 
  Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited1, 3 
  Forrest Media Limited1, 3 
  Forrest Outdoor Media Limited1  
  Ocean Brands Limited1 
  Ngage Media B.V1  
  Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V1,2 
  DKTD Media B.V1  
  Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB1   Sweden 
Sweden 
  Ocean Outdoor Sweden AB1  
Sweden 
  Global Agencies Stockholm AB1  
Denmark 
  Ocean Outdoor Denmark A/S1  
Finland 
  Ocean Outdoor Finland Oy1  
Sweden 
  Gudfar & Son AB1  
Germany 
  Ocean Outdoor Germany GmbH1  
Sweden 
  AdCityMedia AB1  
Sweden 
  GM-Gruppen Moving Message AB1  
Norway 
  Ocean Outdoor Norway A/S1  
Sweden 
  All in Media Sverige AB1 
Sweden 
  ACM AB1  

Holding co. 
Holding co. 
Holding co. 
Holding co. 
Holding co. 
Holding co. 

Jersey 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales 
England & Wales  OOH Media Owner 
England & Wales  OOH Media Owner 
England & Wales  OOH Media Owner 
Scotland 
Scotland 
Scotland 
Scotland 
Netherlands 
Netherlands 
Netherlands 

Holding co. 
Holding co. 
OOH Media Owner 
Dormant subsidiary 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
Holding co. 
Holding co. 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 

  Associate companies 

  Visual Art Sweden AB 
  Visual Art International Holding AB 
  Visual Art Germany GmbH 
  Visual Art USA Inc. 
  Visual Art Norway AS 

Sweden 
Sweden 
Germany 
USA 
Norway 

Holding co. 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 
OOH Media Owner 

1 The shares held in these entities are held indirectly. 
2 Formerly called Interbest B.V 
3 Company dissolved after the reporting date 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
68% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
97.46% 
97.46% 
97.46% 
97.46% 
97.46% 

49.99% 
49.99% 
47.49% 
49.99% 
49.99% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
68% 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

The registered address for Ocean Jersey Topco Limited is 3rd Floor, 44 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey, 
JE4 9WG. 
The registered address for entities incorporated in England & Wales is 25 Argyll Street, London, W1B 
5QB, United Kingdom, with the exception of SCP Acquisition Midco Limited and SCP 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

Acquisition  Topco  Limited  which  had  a  registered  address  of  25  Kingly  Street,  London,  W1B 
5QB. 
The registered address for entities incorporated in Scotland is 7 Seaward Street, Paisley Road, 
Glasgow, G41 1HJ, United Kingdom. 
The registered address for Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V and DKTD Media B.V is Kastanjelaan 
400 Verdieping 4, 5616LZ, Eindhoven, Netherlands. 
The  registered  address  for  Ngage  Media  B.V.  is  Locatellikade  1,  1076AZ,  Amsterdam, 
Netherlands. 
The registered address for Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB, Ocean Outdoor Sweden AB, 
Global Agencies Stockholm AB, Visual Art Sweden AB, Visual Art International Holding AB and 
Gudfar & Son AB is Hälsingegatan 45, 113 31 Stockholm, Sweden. 
The registered address for Ocean Outdoor Germany GmbH and Visual Art Germany GmbH is 
Winterstraße 2, 22765 Hamburg, Germany. 
The registered address for Visual Art USA Inc is 20 West Kinzie Street, 17th floor Chicago, IL 
60654, USA. 
The  registered  address  for  Ocean  Outdoor  Denmark  A/S  is  Gammel  Mønt  2,  1.  sal  1117 
København K, Denmark. 
The  registered  address  for  Ocean  Outdoor  Finland  Oy  is  Pursimiehenkatu  29-31  E  00150 
Helsinki, Finland. 
The registered address for AdCityMedia AB and ACM AB is Frihamnsgatan 22, Magasin 3, 115 
56 Stockholm. 
The registered  address for GM-Gruppen Moving Message  AB  is  Strömslundsgatan  4, 507  62 
Borås, Sweden. 
The registered address for All in Media Sverige AB is Kopparbergsvägen 27, 722 13 Västerås, 
Sweden. 
The  registered  address  for  Visual  Art  Norway  AS  and  Ocean  Outdoor  Norway  A/S  is  Martin 
Linges Vei 25 1364 Fornebu, Norway. 

Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V 

Fair value of assets at 11 March 2019           

Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Right of use asset 
Debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Creditors  
Lease liability 
Deferred tax 

Net assets acquired 

Purchase consideration: 
Cash 
Contingent consideration 

Goodwill arising on acquisition 

54 

Fair value 
£'000 

26,000 
4,093 
28,017 
1,691 
282 
(3,642) 
(28,017) 
(6,136) 
________ 

22,288 
________ 

32,647 
5,012 
________ 

37,659 
________ 

15,371 
________ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

Ngage Media B.V 

Fair value of assets at 11 March 2019           

Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Right of use asset 
Debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Creditors  
Lease liability 
Deferred tax liability 

Net assets acquired 

Purchase consideration: 

Cash 
Deferred consideration paid during the year 
Contingent consideration 

Total purchase consideration 

Goodwill arising on acquisition 

DKTD Media B.V 

Fair value of assets at 29 May 2019           

Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Right of use asset 
Debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Creditors  
Lease liability 
Deferred tax liability 

Net assets acquired 

Purchase consideration settled in cash 

Goodwill arising on acquisition 

55 

Fair value 
£'000 

12,130 
2,233 
4,222 
1,331 
1,177 
(2,906) 
(4,222) 
(2,863) 
________ 

11,102 
________ 

8,815 
2,596 
6,470 
________ 

17,881 
________ 

6,779 
________ 

Fair 
value 
£'000 

1,849 
1,744 
8,299 
763 
112 
(2,793) 
(8,299) 
(436) 
________ 

1,239 
________ 

2,609 
________ 

1,370 
________ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB and subsidiaries 

Fair value of assets at 13 September 2019           

Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Right of use asset 
Debtors 
Other assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Creditors  
Lease liability 
Deferred tax liability 

Net assets acquired 

Purchase consideration settled in cash 

Goodwill arising on acquisition 

AdCityMedia AB and subsidiaries 

Fair value of assets at 09 December 2019           

Intangible fixed assets 
Tangible fixed assets 
Right of use asset 
Debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Creditors  
Lease liability 
Deferred tax liability 

Net assets acquired 

Purchase consideration: 
    Settled in cash 
    Accrued consideration 

Total purchase consideration 

Goodwill arising on acquisition 

56 

Fair 
value 
£'000 

27,049 
1,463 
25,883 
3,502 
11 
210 
(7,718) 
(25,883) 
(5,789) 
________ 

18,728 
________ 

57,565 
________ 

38,837 
________ 

Fair 
value 
£'000 

7,139 
793 
2,979 
3,766 
630 
(7,424) 
(2,979) 
(1,528) 
________ 

3,376 
________ 

24,177 
627 
________ 

24,804 
________ 

21,428 
________ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

In line with IFRS3, Business Combinations, the above intangibles have been calculated using 
the  information  currently  available.  These  values  may  be  adjusted  to  reflect  new  information 
obtained  about  facts  and  circumstances  that  existed  as  of  the  acquisition  date  during  the 
measurement  period  which  shall  not  exceed  one  year  from  the  acquisition  date.  For  each 
acquisition, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities acquired approximates their fair value. 

Goodwill arising on acquisition relates to a number of factors. Group synergies are expected to 
be achieved and the Group will benefit from economies of scale. Preferential supplier terms can 
be negotiated and bringing these companies under the Ocean brand will create additional value 
as the Group establishes itself as a major DOOH player across Northern Europe. 

Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V  contributed £15.05m in revenue and £2.02m profit to the total 
group loss from the date of acquisition.  

The contingent consideration for Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V relates to performance-based 
cash pay-outs payable on the satisfaction of targets set at the date of acquisition over the next 
two financial  years. The contingent consideration has been provided for in full and discounted 
using the IRR at acquisition. 

Ngage Media B.V contributed £6.92m in revenue and £1.30m profit to the total group loss from 
the date of acquisition.  

The contingent consideration for Ngage Media B.V relates to performance-based cash pay-outs 
payable on the satisfaction of targets set at the date of acquisition over the next two financial 
years. The contingent consideration has been provided for in full and discounted using the IRR 
at acquisition. 

DKTD Media B.V contributed £1.06m in revenue and £0.1m profit to the total group loss from the 
date of acquisition.  

Ocean  Outdoor  Nordics  VA  Holding  AB  and  subsidiaries  contributed  £8.45m  in  revenue  and 
£0.42m profit to the total group loss from the date of acquisition.  

AdCityMedia AB and subsidiaries contributed £1.12m in revenue and £0.02m profit to the total 
group loss from the date of acquisition.  

Had all the acquisitions listed above been completed on 1 January 2019 Group revenue would 
have been £141.1m and Group loss would have been £4.3m 

The unaudited trading results for these entities by region and as part of the Group can be found 
in the appendix beginning on page 71. 

Cash flows from acquisition transactions 

Ocean Outdoor Nederland B.V           

Purchase consideration settled in cash 
Cash balances acquired 

Net cash outflow 

2019 
£'000 

32,647 
(282) 
________ 

32,365 
________ 

Direct acquisition costs of £0.28m were incurred during the course of the transaction. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

Ngage Media B.V           

Purchase consideration settled in cash 
Cash balances acquired 

Net cash outflow 

2019 
£'000 

11,412 
(1,177) 
________ 

10,235 
________ 

Direct acquisition costs of £0.28m were incurred during the course of the transaction. 

DKTD Media B.V           

Purchase consideration settled in cash 
Cash balances acquired 

Net cash outflow 

2019 
£'000 

2,609 
(112) 
________ 

2,497 
________ 

Direct acquisition costs of £0.22m were incurred during the course of the transaction. 

Ocean Outdoor Nordics VA Holding AB and subsidiaries 

Purchase consideration settled in cash 
Cash balances acquired 

Net cash outflow 

2019 
£'000 

57,565 
(210) 
________ 

57,355 
________ 

Direct acquisition costs of £0.51m were incurred during the course of the transaction. 

AdCityMedia AB and subsidiaries 

Purchase consideration settled in cash 
Cash balances acquired 

Net cash outflow 

2019 
£'000 

24,177 
(630) 
________ 

23,547 
________ 

Direct acquisition costs of £0.56m were incurred during the course of the transaction. 

Investment in associate  

Visual  Art  Sweden  AB  and  subsidiaries  became  an  associate  investment  with  effect  from  23 
December 2019. The cost of investment and the latest available unaudited financial information 
for that Group as at 31 Dec 2019 and the period ended 31 December 2019 is as follows: 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

14.  Subsidiaries, investments and business combinations (continued) 

Visual Art Sweden AB and subsidiaries 

Cost as at 23 December 2019 and 31 December 2019 

Visual Art Sweden AB and subsidiaries 
unaudited financial information 

Current liabilities 
Current assets 
Non-current assets 

15.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade receivables 
Prepayments and other receivables 

Total trade and other receivables - Current 

2019 
£'000 

13,297 
_______ 

2019 

£'000 

(4,725) 
4,324 
975 
_______ 

2019 
£'000 

54,124 
1,347 
_______ 

55,471 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

- 
_______ 

2018 

£'000 

- 
- 
- 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

32,970  
3,748 
_______ 

36,718 
_______ 

The carrying value of trade and other receivables classified as financial assets at amortised 
cost approximates fair value. The Group does not hold any collateral as security. 

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses using a 
lifetime  expected  credit  loss  provision  for  trade  receivables  and  contract  assets.  To  measure 
expected credit losses on a collective basis, trade receivables and contract assets are grouped 
based on similar credit risk and aging. The contract assets have similar risk characteristics to the 
trade receivables for similar types of contracts. 

The expected loss rates are based on the Group’s historical credit losses experienced over the 
three-year period prior to the period end. The historical loss rates are then adjusted for current 
and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the Group’s customers. 
The Group has identified the gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate and inflation 
rate as the key macroeconomic factors in the countries where the Group operates. 

Opening provision for impairment of trade receivables 
Increase during the year 
Balances acquired on acquisition 

Closing provision for impairment of trade receivables 

59 

2019 
£'000 

246 
532 
- 
_______ 

778 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

-  
113 
133 
_______ 

246 
_______ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

15.  Trade and other receivables (continued) 

31 December 2019 

Current 
Up to 3 months past due 
More than 3 months past due 

31 December 2018 

Current 
Up to 3 months past due 
More than 3 months past due 

16.  Trade and other payables 

Due within one year: 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Contingent consideration 
Accrued consideration 
Accruals  

Due after more than one year: 

Other payables 
Contingent consideration 

Estimated 
Default 
rate 

Gross carrying 
amount  
£'000 

Credit loss 
allowance  
£'000 

0.50% 
1.00% 
4.80% 

29,138 
15,040 
9,946 
_______ 

54,902 
_______ 

146  
151  
481  
_______ 

778 
_______ 

Estimated 
Default 
rate 

Gross carrying 
amount  
£'000 

Credit loss 
allowance  
£'000 

0.50% 
0.66% 
2.30% 

18,795 
11,009 
3,412 
_______ 

33,216 
_______ 

94  
73   
79  
_______ 

246 
_______ 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

33,854 
8,056 
5,070 
627 
28,784 
_______ 

76,391 
_______ 

2,956 
7,545 
_______ 

10,501 
_______ 

8,791 
379 
- 
- 
35,559 
_______ 

44,729 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

The accruals balance contains accruals for site rates, profit shares and volume rebates, including 
estimates for such items where necessary.  

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

17.  Deferred tax 

A reduction in the UK corporation tax rate from 20% to 19% (effective from 1 April  2017) was 
substantively enacted on 26 October 2015, and an additional reduction to 17% (effective 1 April 
2020) was substantively enacted on 6 September 2016. This would reduce the company's future 
current  tax  charge  accordingly.  Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  at  31  December  2019  have 
been calculated taking into consideration the applicable rates  when the temporary  differences 
are expected to reverse. On 11 March 2020, the UK corporation tax rate was confirmed as being 
maintained at 19% from 1 April 2020 onwards. This will result in the UK deferred tax balances 
being reassessed at 19% rather than 17% from FY20 onwards. 

Details of the deferred tax liability, amounts recognised in profit or loss and amounts recognised 
in other comprehensive income are as follows: 

Asset 
£'000 

Liability 
£'000 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
24,386 

(1,715) 
887 

- 
_______ 

21 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

23,579 
_______ 

Asset 
£'000 

Liability 
£'000 

- 
- 

- 
- 

23,579 
16,752 

(3,736) 
847 

- 
_______ 

27 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

37,469 
_______ 

Charged/ 
(credited) 
to profit 
or loss 
£'000 

- 
- 

(1,715) 
- 

21 
_______ 

(1,694) 
_______ 

Charged/ 
(credited) 
to profit 
or loss 
£'000 

- 
- 

(3,736) 
- 

27 
_______ 

(3,709) 
_______ 

At 1 January 2018 
Arising on business combinations 
Reversal of temporary timing differences on 
business combinations 
Fixed asset and other differences  
Reversal of temporary timing differences on fixed 
asset and other differences 

At 31 December 2018 

At 1 January 2019 
Arising on business combinations 
Reversal of temporary timing differences on 
business combinations 
Fixed asset and other differences  
Reversal of temporary timing differences on fixed 
asset and other differences 

At 31 December 2019 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

18.  Notes supporting the cash flow 

Significant non-cash transactions are as follows: 

Purchases of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles unpaid 
at year end 
Contingent consideration on business combination 
IFRS 16 right of use asset recognised (note 2.19) 
IFRS 16 prepayments adjustment (note 2.19) 
IFRS 16 right of use asset and lease liability disposal 
IFRS 16 right of use liability recognised (note 2.19) 
IFRS 16 new operating leases (note 2.19) 
IFRS 16 interest payable 
Accrued consideration 
Interest payable in contingent consideration 

2019 
£'000 

105 

11,334 
88,520 
856 
816 
99,719 
11,463 
6,915 
627 
1,281 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

5,169 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_______ 

19.  Restatement of prior year consolidated statement of cash flows 

Subsequent to the approval of the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018, 
the  directors  determined  that  there  was  a  £5,169k  non-cash  movement  within  site  assets, 
equipment and motor vehicle additions, which was not previously identified and resulted in an 
error in the 2018 cash flow statement in relation to the amounts reported for purchases  of site 
assets, equipment and motor vehicles (investing activities), and within the increase in trade and 
other  payables  (cash  generated  from  operations).  In  addition,  upon  review  of  the  cash  flow 
statement  an  additional  reclassification  error  was  identified  due  to  the  inclusion  of  a  £5,839k 
deduction  for  acquisition  costs  paid  (cash  generated  from  operations)  in  the  reconciliation 
between profit for the year and operating cash flows, and a corresponding £5,839k increase in 
the change in  working capital for trade and  other payables (cash generated from operations). 
There is no impact on the disclosure of the profit before tax, and no impact on the cash position, 
as this is a reclassification within the cash generated from operations.  

The following amendments have been made to the comparatives reported in the current year’s 
financial statements: 

Year ended 31 December 2018 
(All amounts in £’000) 

As Restated 

As previously 
reported 

Acquisition costs paid 
(Decrease)/Increase in trade and 
other payables 
Cash generated from operations 
Net cash flows from operating 
activities 
Net cash used in investing activities 

- 
(5,276) 

12,778 
11,768 

(5,839) 
5,732 

17,947 
16,937 

Change  

5,839 
(11,008) 

(5,169) 
(5,169) 

(232,523) 

(237,692) 

5,169 

In  addition,  a  non-cash  movement  for  an  increase  in  capital  expenditure  payables  of  £5.2m 
should have been disclosed in the 2018 financial statements. 

There was no impact on the amounts reported for “net decrease in cash and cash equivalents” 
or “cash and cash equivalents” at the end of 2018. 

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

20 

Share capital  

The authorised shares of the Company are as follows:  

Authorised 

Unlimited number of Ordinary Shares 

Founder Preferred Shares, no par value 

Balance at beginning of period 
Converted during the period 

Balance at end of period 

Ordinary Shares, no par value 

Balance at beginning of period 
Issued and fully paid during the period 

Balance at end of period 

Shares held in treasury, no par value 

Balance at beginning of period 
Shares acquired 

Balance at end of period 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

- 
_______ 

- 
________ 

2019 
Number 
‘000 

2019 

£'000 

2018 
Number 
‘000 

2018 

£'000 

700 
(88) 
_______ 

5,213 
(652) 
_______ 

700 
- 
_______ 

5,213 
- 
_______ 

612 
_______ 

4,561 
_______ 

700 
_______ 

5,213 
_______ 

2019 
Number 
‘000 

2019 

£'000 

2018 
Number 
‘000 

2018 

£'000 

53,921 
88 
_______ 

375,594 
652 
_______ 

41,790 
12,131 
_______ 

288,906 
86,688 
_______ 

54,009 
_______ 

376,246 
_______ 

53,921 
_______ 

375,594 
_______ 

2019 
Number 
‘000 

2019 

£'000 

2018 
Number 
‘000 

2018 

£'000 

- 
396,730 
_______ 

- 
2,417 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

396,730 
_______ 

2,417 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

- 
_______ 

147,000 Founder Preferred Shares were issued on 20 January 2017 at US$10.50 per share and 
a  further  553,000  issued  on  8  March  2017,  also  at  US$10.50  per  share.  87,500  Founder 
Preferred  Shares  were  converted  on  15  January  2019  into  Ordinary  shares  on  a  one-for-one 
basis. There are no Founder Preferred Shares held in Treasury. Each Founder Preferred Share 
was issued with a Warrant as described below. 

41,790,000 Ordinary Shares were issued on 8 March 2017 (41,765,000 were issued in the IPO 
at US$10.00 per share and 25,000 were issued to the non-founder directors in conjunction with 
the IPO). Each Ordinary Share was issued with a Warrant as described below. Issue costs of 
US$10,543,094 were deducted from the proceeds of issue.  

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

20 

Share capital (continued) 

Following  the  acquisition  of  SCP  Acquisition  Topco  Limited  on  28  March  2018,  12,046,994 
ordinary shares were issued. 11,171,150 shares were issued as a result of Warrants issued being 
exercised, 875,844 shares were issued for cash. 

Following the acquisition of Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited on 2 June 2018, 59,850 ordinary 
shares were issued for cash. 

In 2018, 24,000 Ordinary Shares were issued to three Non-Executive Directors for remuneration 
in the year. 

On 19 March 2019, the Company announced a discretionary share buyback programme through 
its  investment  bank  to  purchase  up  to  an  aggregate  amount  of  US$25.0m  (circa  £18.8m)  of 
Ordinary  Shares.  The  arrangement  allows  the  investment  bank  to  purchase  up  to  5,000,000 
Ordinary Shares in the Company during open periods of the Company until 30 September 2019. 
The price  limits of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014  of 16 April 2014 (as  amended) in relation to 
market abuse apply. The sole purpose of the share purchases  was  to reduce the Company's 
share  capital.  Any  Ordinary  Shares  purchased  by  the  Company  were  held  in  treasury.  At  31 
December  2019  there  were  396,730  Ordinary  Shares  held  in  Treasury  purchase  for  a  total 
consideration of US$3.1m (circa £2.4m). 

As at 31 December 2019, the company had in issue 53,611,614 Ordinary Shares and 612,000 
Founder  Preferred  Shares.  The  company  had  396,730  Ordinary  Shares  held  in  Treasury.  All 
Warrants previously issued have expired. 

Ordinary Shares 
Ordinary Shares confer upon the holders (in accordance with the Articles): 

a)  Subject  to  the  BVI  Companies  Act,  on  a  winding-up  of  the  Company  the  assets  of  the 
Company available for distribution shall be distributed, provided there are sufficient assets 
available, to the holders of Ordinary Shares and Founder Preferred Shares pro rata to the 
number of such fully paid up shares held by each holder relative to the  total number of 
issued and fully paid up Ordinary Shares as if such fully paid up Founder Preferred Shares 
had been converted into Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the winding-up;  

b) 

c) 

the right, together with the holders of the Founder Preferred Shares, to receive all amounts 
available  for  distribution  and  from  time  to  time  to  be  distributed  by  way  of  dividend  or 
otherwise at such time as the Directors shall determine, pro rata to the number of fully paid 
up shares held by the  holder, as  if the Ordinary  Shares and Founder Preferred  Shares 
constituted one class of share and as if for such purpose the Founder Preferred Shares 
had been converted into Ordinary Shares immediately prior to such distribution; and 

the right to receive notice of, attend and vote as a member at any meeting of members 
except  in  relation  to  any  Resolution  of  Members  that  the  Directors,  in  their  absolute 
discretion (acting in good faith) determine is: (i) necessary or desirable in connection with 
a merger or consolidation in relation to, in connection with or resulting from the Acquisition 
(including at any time after the Acquisition has been made); or (ii) to approve matters in 
relation to, in connection with or resulting from the Acquisition (whether before or after the 
Acquisition has been made). 

Founder Preferred Shares 
The Founder Preferred Shares have US$nil par value and carry the same rights, including the 
right  to  receive  dividends,  as  Ordinary  Shares.  At  the  discretion  of  the  holder,  the  Founder 
Preferred Shares can be converted into Ordinary Shares on a one-for-one basis. 

The  Founder  Preferred  Shares  are  structured  to  provide  a  dividend  based  on  the  future 
appreciation of market value of the Ordinary Shares, thus aligning the interests of the founders 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

20 

Share capital (continued) 

(as defined in the Prospectus) with Ocean Outdoor Limited (formerly Ocelot Partners Limited) 
investors  on  a  long-term  basis.    This  dividend  payment  is  calculated  as  follows:  the  Founder 
Preferred  Shares  are  divided  into  eight  equal  tranches,  pro  rata  to  the  number  of  Founder 
Preferred  Shares  held  by  each  holder.  On  each  Enhancement  Date,  the  rights  which  are 
comprised in one such tranche (the “Enhanced Tranche”) shall be enhanced by increasing the 
holders of the Enhanced Tranche’s proportionate entitlement to: (a) any assets of the Company 
which are distributed to members on a winding up of the Company; and (b) any amounts which 
are distributed by way of dividend or otherwise if and to the extent necessary to ensure that on 
such Enhancement Date, the Enhanced Tranche has a market value which is at least equal to 
the  market  value  of  the  Relevant  Number  of  Ordinary  Shares  at  such  time  (which  for  these 
purposes shall be determined in accordance  with sub-section (1) of section 421  of the United 
Kingdom  Income  Tax  (Earnings  and  Pensions)  Act  2003.  So  far  as  possible,  any  such 
enhancement  shall  be  divided  between  the  holders  of  the  Enhanced  Tranche  pro  rata  to  the 
number of Founder Preferred Shares which are held by them and comprised in the Enhanced 
Tranche. 

As at each Enhancement Date, the Relevant Number of Ordinary Shares means:  

a)  a  number  of  Ordinary  Shares  equal  to  the  aggregate  number  of  Founder  Preferred 
Shares comprised in the Enhanced Tranche (subject to adjustment in accordance with 
the Articles); plus 

b) 

c) 

if the conditions for the Additional Annual Enhancement have been met, such number 
of Ordinary Shares as is equal to the Additional Annual Enhancement Amount divided 
by  the  Additional  Annual  Enhancement  Price  (any  increase  in  the  calculation  of  the 
Relevant Number of Ordinary Shares pursuant to this paragraph (b) being referred to 
as the “Additional Annual Enhancement”); plus 

if any dividend or other distribution has been made to the holders of Ordinary Shares 
in the relevant Enhancement Year, such number of Ordinary Shares as is equal to the 
Ordinary  Share  Dividend  Enhancement  Amount  at  the  Ordinary  Share  Dividend 
Payment  Price  (any  increase  in  the  calculation  of  the  Relevant  Number  of  Ordinary 
Shares pursuant to this paragraph (c) being referred to as the “Ordinary Share Dividend 
Enhancement”). 

The conditions for the Additional Annual Enhancement referred to in paragraph (b) above are 
as follows: 

I. 

II. 

no Additional Annual Enhancement will occur until such time as the Average Price per 
Ordinary Share for any ten consecutive Trading Days following Admission is at least 
$11.50; 

following the first Additional Annual  Enhancement, no subsequent  Additional  Annual 
Enhancement  will  occur  unless  the  Additional  Annual  Enhancement  Price  for  the 
relevant  Enhancement  Year 
the  highest  Additional  Annual 
Enhancement Price in any preceding Enhancement Year. 

is  greater 

than 

In the first Enhancement Year in which the Additional Annual Enhancement is eligible to occur, 
the  Additional  Annual  Enhancement  Amount  will  be  equal  to  (i)  20  per  cent.  of  the  difference 
between $10.00 and the Additional Annual Enhancement Price, multiplied by (ii) the number of 
Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately following the Acquisition including any Ordinary Shares 
issued  pursuant  to  the  exercise  of  Warrants  but  excluding  any  Ordinary  Shares  issued  to 
shareholders or other beneficial owners of a company or business acquired pursuant to or  
in connection with the Acquisition (the “Preferred Share Enhancement Equivalent”). 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

20 

Share capital (continued) 

Thereafter, the Additional Annual Enhancement Amount will be equal in value to 20 per cent. of 
the increase in the Additional Annual Enhancement Price over the highest Additional  
Annual  Enhancement  Price  in  any  preceding  Enhancement  Year  multiplied  by  the  Preferred 
Share Enhancement Equivalent. 

For  the  purposes  of  determining  the  Additional  Annual  Enhancement  Amount,  the  Additional 
Annual Enhancement Price is the Average Price per Ordinary Share for the last 30 consecutive 
Trading Days in the relevant Enhancement Year (the “Enhancement Determination Period”).  

Warrants 

In 2018 the Company issued 42,490,000 Warrants to the purchasers of both Ordinary Shares 
and Founder Preferred Shares (including the 25,000 Warrants that were issued to non-founder 
directors in connection with their appointment).  Each Warrant had a term of 3 years following an 
Acquisition and entitled a Warrant holder to subscribe for one-third of an Ordinary Share upon 
exercise. Warrants were exercisable in multiples of three for one Ordinary Share at a price of 
US$11.50 per whole Ordinary Share.  

On 28 February 2018, an amendment was made to the Warrant subscription price, reducing the 
cost  from  US$11.50  per  whole  ordinary  share,  to  US$10.00  per  whole  ordinary  share.  The 
subscription period was also reduced, resulting in the Warrants expiring prior to the closing of the 
Share Acquisition on 28 March 2018. As a result, all Warrants previously issued, not exercised 
at the acquisition date, have expired. 

Hurdle shares 

Ocean Jersey Topco Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, issued shares to management which 
can be converted to shares in Ocean Outdoor Limited under certain circumstances. 6,660,000 of 
these hurdle shares were issued on 28 March  2018. The hurdle shares will only accrue value 
when the price of Ordinary Shares has increased by at least 10 per cent on a compound basis 
over a base price of $10.00 per share, for each financial year since the date that the participants 
acquired the shares (including the financial year in which the Ocean Transaction was completed). 
3,330,000  of  these  shares  vest  over  a  four-year  period  and  3,330,000  vest  over  a  five-year 
period.  

The hurdle shares do not  have a right to receive dividend payments, except in the event  of a 
winding-up of Ocean Jersey Topco Limited, or other unusual circumstances. The hurdle shares 
do not carry voting rights. 

Securities carrying special rights: 

Save as disclosed above in relation to the Founder Preferred Shares, no person holds securities 
in the Company carrying special rights with regard to control of the Company. 

Voting rights: 

Holders of Ordinary Shares will have the right to receive notice of and to attend and vote at any 
meetings of members. Each holder of Ordinary Shares being present in person or by proxy at a 
meeting will, upon a show of hands, have one vote and upon a poll each such holder of Ordinary 
Shares present in person or by proxy will have one vote for each Ordinary Share held by them. 
In the case of joint holders of a share, if two or more persons hold shares jointly each of them 
may be present in person or by proxy at a meeting of members and may  
speak as a member, if only one of the joint owners is present, they may vote on behalf of all joint 
owners, and if two or more joint holders are present at a meeting of members, in person or by 
proxy, they must vote as one. 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

20 

Share capital (continued) 

Restrictions on voting: 

No member shall, if the Directors so determine, be entitled in respect of any share held by them 
to attend or vote (either personally or by proxy) at any meeting of members or separate class 
meeting of the Company or to exercise any other right conferred by membership in relation to 
any such meeting if they or any other person appearing to be interested in such shares has failed 
to comply with a notice requiring the disclosure of shareholder interests and given in accordance 
with  the  Company’s  articles  of  association  (the  “Articles”)  within  14  calendar  days,  in  a  case 
where the shares in question represent at least 0.25% of their class, or within seven days, in any 
other  case,  from  the  date  of  such  notice.  These  restrictions  will  continue  until  the  information 
required by the notice is supplied to the Company or until the shares in question are transferred 
or sold in circumstances specified for this purpose in the Articles. 

Rights to appoint and remove Directors 

Subject to the BVI Companies Act and the Articles, the Directors shall have power at any time, 
and from time to time, without sanction of the members, to appoint any person to be a Director, 
either to fill a casual vacancy or as an additional Director. Subject to the BVI Companies Act and 
the Articles, the members may by a Resolution of Members appoint any person as a Director and 
remove any person from office as a Director. 

For so long as an initial holder of Founder Preferred Shares (being a Founding Entity together 
with its affiliates) holds 20% or more of the Founder Preferred Shares in issue, such holder shall 
be entitled to nominate a person as a Director of the Company and the Directors shall appoint 
such person. In the event such holder notifies the Company to remove any Director nominated 
by them the other Directors shall remove such Director, and in the event of such a removal the 
relevant holder shall have the right to nominate a Director to fill such vacancy. 

21 

Earnings per share 

Numerator 

(Loss) /Earnings used in basic and diluted EPS 

Denominator 

Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS 

Weighted average number of shares used in diluted EPS 

Basic EPS (pence) 

Diluted EPS (pence) 

2019 
£'000 

2018 
£'000 

(5,247) 
_______ 

6,623 
_______ 

'000 

'000 

53,590 
_______ 

50,862 
_______ 

53,590 
_______ 

50,862 
_______ 

(9.8p) 
_______ 

13.0p 
_______ 

(9.8p) 
_______ 

13.0p 
_______ 

At 31 December 2019, the warrants had expired and the directors’ share options, the founder 
preferred shares and the hurdle shares were currently considered to be non-dilutive. They are 
expected to become dilutive once in the money. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

22 

Reserves 

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity: 

Reserve 

Description and purpose 

Treasury share reserve 

Share premium 

Amount paid by the company to purchase shares its 
own shares. 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of 
nominal value. 

Retained earnings 

All other net gains and losses and transactions with 
owners (e.g. dividends) not recognised elsewhere. 

Foreign exchange reserve 

Foreign exchange gains and losses on translation of 
subsidiary undertakings into the presentational 
currency of the Group. 

23 

Related party disclosures 

During the period the Company issued the following Shares, Warrants and Options to directors 
of the Company:  

2019 

Founder 
Ordinary  Preferred 

Shares 
Number 
‘000 

Shares  Warrants  Options 
Number  Number  Number 
'000 

'000 

‘000 

Andrew Barron 
Aryeh B. Bourkoff 

18 
50 
_______ 

(18) 
(50) 

- 
- 
_______  _______ 

- 
- 
_______ 

68 
_______ 

(68) 

- 
_______  _______ 

- 
_______ 

 2018 

Founder 
Ordinary  Preferred 

Andrew Barron 
Andrew Miller 
Aryeh B. Bourkoff 
Robert Marcus 
Martin HP Söderström 
Sangeeta Desai 
Thomas Ebeling 
Tom Goddard 
Tim Bleakley 

Shares 
Number 
‘000 

164 
- 
493 
9 
8 
3 
8 
233 
311 
_______ 

Shares  Warrants  Options 
Number  Number  Number 
'000 

'000 

‘000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_______  _______ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_______ 

1,229 
_______ 

- 
_______  _______ 

- 

- 
_______ 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

23 

Related party disclosures (continued) 

The fees paid to directors during the period to 31 December 2019 were as follows: 

Andrew Barron 
Andrew Miller 
Aryeh B. Bourkoff 
Robert Marcus 
Martin HP Söderström 
Sangeeta Desai 
Thomas Ebeling 
Tom Goddard 
Tim Bleakley 

2019 
£'000 

- 
67 
- 
78 
67 
67 
59 
88 
453 
_______ 

879 
_______ 

2018 
£'000 

-  
5 
- 
64 
54 
54 
9 
54 
270 
_______ 

510 
_______ 

In FY18 Robert D Marcus, Martin HP Söderström and Thomas Ebeling opted to have their annual 
remuneration settled by the issue of shares at $10 per share. Robert D Marcus received  9,000 
Ordinary Shares and Martin HP Söderström and Thomas Ebeling, 7,500 Ordinary Shares each. 

In FY18 the Group paid a transaction fee of £1.0m to LionTree Advisors UK LLP in relation to the 
acquisition of Forrest Media (Holdings) Limited. Aryeh B. Bourkoff, a Founder and Non-Executive 
Director  of  Ocean  Outdoor  Limited,  is  the  founder  and  CEO  of  LionTree  LLC,  a  connected 
company to LionTree Advisors UK LLP. 

24 

Events after the reporting date 

In  accordance  with  the  London  Stock  Exchange  Admission  and  Disclosure  Standards,  the 
Company  announced,  pursuant  to  its  articles  of  association,  a  tranche  of  87,500  founder 
preferred  shares  have  been  automatically  re-designated  as  ordinary  shares  on  a  one  for  one 
basis. This re-designation became effective on 15 January 2020 and admission of the ordinary 
shares occurred on 21 January 2020. 

On 4 February 2020, the Group acquired a further 1.94% of the ordinary shares of ACM taking 
its holding in the subsidiary to 99.41%.  

On 11 March 2020, the UK corporation tax rate was confirmed as being maintained at 19% from 
1 April 2020 onwards. This will result in the UK deferred tax balances being reassessed at 19% 
rather than 17% from FY20 onwards. 

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation announced the pandemic status of COVID-
19. Subsequent to this announcement, significant measures have been taken by Governments 
across Europe, restricting the movement of the population and the forced closure of non-essential 
business. Given the company operates in the DOOH market, this has impacted on the company’s 
performance in FY20. The effect COVID-19 will have on the economy and the company cannot 
yet be quantified. The Directors recognise it will affect the operations of the business but feel the 
Group  is  able  to  navigate  through  the  impact  of  COVID-19  due  to  the  strength  of  its  market 
position, its robust balance sheet and cash surplus.  

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Notes forming part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2019 

24 

Events after the reporting date (continued) 

There are a number of factors that will determine the overall impact COVID-19 will have on the 
Group. At the balance sheet date there were no indicators of impairment on any of the Group 
assets.  The  Group  has  undertaken  a  number  of  acquisitions  in  the  last  two  years,  with  the 
consideration paid often derived from a multiple of the entity’s EBITDA. Given the impact of  

COVID-19 on EBITDA, this could lead to an indicator of impairment of intangible assets held by 
the  Group.  The  Group  will  continue  to  assess  the  impact  of  COVID-19  on  the  business 
combinations, and all other Group assets, for any indicators that they are held at carrying values 
in  excess  of  their  fair  value.  The  Group  however  remain  confident  that  any  short-term  impact 
does not impact the medium and long-term value of the assets held.   

The  Group  retains  sufficient  liquidity  in  the  short  term,  however  the  impact  of  COVID-19  has 
resulted  in  the  Group  raising  its  first  debt  facility  with  a  rolling  credit  facility  agreed  with  the 
Group’s banking partners on 28 May 2020 for up to £35m, subject to customary covenants related 
to minimum quarterly adjusted EBITDA and cash balances. This will boost liquidity to assist the 
business manage through the cash flow impact of the significantly reduced revenues suffered in 
Q2 and likely reduced revenues in Q3.  

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

The following pages present unaudited proforma financial information for entities owned by the Group 
as  at  31  December  2019.  This  allows  analysis  and  assessment  of  the  underlying  performance  of 
operations, ignoring timing differences relating to the date of acquisition.  

Current  year  and  prior  year  financials  are  provided  for  comparison.  FY19  financials  are  presented 
applying the new IFRS 16 accounting standard which came in to effect 1 January 2019, and also under 
the previous accounting standard which is consistent with FY18. Note, the IFRS 16 FY19 financials are 
proforma  from  1  January  2019,  which  differs  from  reported  IFRS  16  which  is  adopted  from  the 
acquisition date. 

There is also a reconciliation of Profit from operations to Adjusted EBITDA. 

Ocean Group  

  Ocean Group Reported Adjusted EBITDA to Proforma Adjusted EBITDA reconciliation 

  Ocean Outdoor Limited and UK operating subsidiaries 

  Ocean Netherlands 

  Ocean Nordics 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

Ocean Outdoor Limited and subsidiaries  

The results below present the Group on an unaudited proforma basis. The unaudited proforma basis 
comprises all Group subsidiaries as if they were owned from 1 January 2018.  

Billings 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative and other expenses 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

173,356 
_______ 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

173,356 
_______ 

152,724 
_______ 

141,314 

141,314 

124,504 

(76,526) 
_______ 

(83,925) 
_______ 

(71,878) 
_______ 

64,788 

57,389 

52,626 

(55,275) 
_______ 

(55,663) 
_______ 

(43,627) 
_______ 

Profit from operations 

9,513 

1,726 

8,998 

Finance expense 
Finance income 

Profit before tax 

Tax expense 

(Loss) / profit from continuing operations 

Total comprehensive (loss) / income 

(10,222) 
521 
_______ 

(1,684) 
521 
_______ 

(6,044) 
1,658 
_______ 

(188) 

563 

4,612 

(4,861) 
_______ 

(4,861) 
_______ 

(4,186) 
_______ 

(5,049) 
_______ 

(4,298) 
_______ 

426 
_______ 

(5,049) 
_______ 

(4,298) 
_______ 

426 
_______ 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

Profit from operations 

9,513 

1,726 

8,998 

Depreciation 
Profit on disposal 
Amortisation 
Deal fees 
Private equity and listed company expenses 
Currency movements 
Other one-off costs 

Adjusted EBITDA 

72 

35,580 
(31) 
19,753 
2,237 
236 
638 
586 
_______ 

68,512 
_______ 

8,060 
- 
19,753 
2,237 
236 
638 
586 
_______ 

33,236 
_______ 

7,078 
(2) 
11,364 
4,058 
60 
(2,704) 
1,545 
_______ 

30,397 
______ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

Ocean Outdoor Limited and subsidiaries  

The table below reconciles the reported profit from operations to Reported Adjusted EBITDA and then 
reconciles Reported Adjusted EBITDA to the Proforma Adjusted EBITDA.  

Reported profit from operations 

Depreciation on right of use asset  
Depreciation of site assets, equipment and motor vehicles 
Amortisation 
Post-acquisition add-backs 

Reported Adjusted EBITDA 

Deduct site rents 
Add acquisitions' pre acquisition profit from operations 
Add pre acquisition add-backs 

Proforma Adjusted EBITDA 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

3,010 

5,275 

19,706 
6,953 
19,753 
3,322 
_______ 

- 
3,195 
10,087 
(1,669) 
_______ 

52,744 

16,888 

(24,495) 
4,612 
375 
_______ 

- 
8,790 
4,719 
_______ 

33,236 
_______ 

30,397 
______ 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

Ocean Outdoor Limited and UK operating subsidiaries 

The results below present the Ocean Outdoor Limited and UK operating subsidiaries on an unaudited 
proforma basis.  

Billings 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative and other expenses 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

101,631 
_______ 

101,631 
87,843 
_______  _______ 

71,668 

71,668 

62,218 

(40,710) 
_______ 

(43,938) 
(37,055) 
_______  _______ 

30,958 

27,730 

25,163 

(35,320) 
_______ 

(35,698) 
(23,816) 
_______  _______ 

(Loss) / profit from operations 

(4,362) 

(7,968) 

1,347 

Finance expense 
Finance income 

Loss before tax 

Tax expense 

Loss from continuing operations 

Total comprehensive income 

Profit from operations 

Depreciation 
Profit on disposal 
Amortisation 
Deal fees 
Private equity and listing fees 
Currency movements 
Other one-off costs 

Adjusted EBITDA 

74 

(6,570) 
509 
_______ 

(1,278) 
509 

(5,553) 
1,658 
_______  _______ 

(10,423) 

(8,737) 

(2,548) 

(2,856) 
_______ 

(2,856) 

(2,303) 
_______  _______ 

(13,279) 
_______ 

(11,593) 
(4,851) 
_______  _______ 

(13,279) 
_______ 

(11,593) 
_______ 

(4,851) 
______ 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

(4,362) 

(7,968) 

1,347 

17,723 
(21) 
19,753 
2,237 
236 
638 
211 
______ 

5,009 
- 
19,753 
2,237 
236 
638 
211 
______ 

4,205 
(2) 
11,364 
4,058 
60 
(2,704) 
739 
______ 

36,415 
______ 

20,116 
______ 

19,067 
______ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

Ocean Netherlands 

The results below present Ocean Netherlands (Interbest, Ngage and Beyond Outdoor) on an 
unaudited proforma basis, translated in GBP using constant currency.  

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

 FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

Billings 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative and other expenses 

28,695 

26,372 
_______  _______  _______ 

28,695 

26,616 

26,616 

23,777 

(13,680) 
(14,827) 
(14,226) 
_______  _______  _______ 

12,936 

11,789 

9,551 

(6,665) 

(6,477) 
_______  _______  _______ 

(6,675) 

Profit from operations 

6,271 

5,114 

3,074 

Finance expense 
Finance income 

Profit before tax 

Tax expense 

Profit from continuing operations 

Total comprehensive income 

Profit from operations 

Depreciation 
Profit on disposal 
Other one-off costs 

Adjusted EBITDA 

(2,127) 
12 

(242) 
- 
_______  _______  _______ 

(177) 
12 

4,156 

4,949 

2,832 

(1,107) 

(923) 
_______  _______  _______ 

(1,107) 

3,049 

1,909 
_______  _______  _______ 

3,842 

3,049 

1,909 
_______  _______  _______ 

3,842 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

6,271 

5,114 

3,074 

9,114 
(10) 
375 
_______ 

2,073 
- 
375 

2,032 
- 
806 
_______  _______ 

15,750 
_______ 

7,562 

5,912 
_______  _______ 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ocean Outdoor Limited 

Appendix (unaudited) 

Ocean Nordics 

The results below present Ocean Nordics (Visual Art media sales and ACM) on an unaudited 
proforma basis, translated in GBP using constant currency.  

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

43,030 
_______ 

43,030 

38,509 
_______  _______ 

43,030 

43,030 

38,509 

(22,136) 
_______ 

(25,160) 
(20,597) 
_______  _______ 

20,894 

17,870 

17,912 

(13,290) 
_______ 

(13,290) 
(13,334) 
_______  _______ 

7,604 

4,580 

4,577 

(1,525) 
- 
_______ 

(229) 
- 

(249) 
- 
_______  _______ 

6,079 

4,351 

4,328 

(898) 
_______ 

(898) 

(960) 
_______  _______ 

5,181 
_______ 

3,453 

3,368 
_______  _______ 

5,181 
_______ 

3,453 

3,368 
_______  _______ 

IFRS 16 
FY19 
£'000 

FY19 
£'000 

FY18 
£'000 

7,604 

4,580 

4,577 

8,743 
_______ 

978 

841 
_______  _______ 

16,347 
_______ 

5,558 

5,418 
_______  _______ 

Billings 

Revenue 

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Administrative and other expenses 

Profit from operations 

Finance expense 
Finance income 

Profit before tax 

Tax expense 

Profit from continuing operations 

Total comprehensive income 

Profit from operations 

Depreciation 

Adjusted EBITDA 

76