Quarterlytics / Financial Services / Insurance - Property & Casualty / Odyssey Re Holdings Corp.

Odyssey Re Holdings Corp.

orh · NYSE Financial Services
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Ticker orh
Exchange NYSE
Sector Financial Services
Industry Insurance - Property & Casualty
Employees 501-1000
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FY2022 Annual Report · Odyssey Re Holdings Corp.
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. 

AND SUBSIDIARIES

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

AND

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

Report of Independent Auditors

To the Board of Directors of Odyssey Group Holdings, Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Odyssey Group Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries 
(the "Company"), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related 
consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for the years 
then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements").

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 
years then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (US 
GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet 
our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe 
that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, 
implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or 
events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going 
concern for one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are available to be issued.

Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an 
audit conducted in accordance with US GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not 
detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve 
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are 
considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the 
judgment made by a reasonable user based on the consolidated financial statements.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017 
T: (646) 471 3000,www.pwc.com/us

In performing an audit in accordance with US GAAS, we:

● Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
● Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to 
fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include 
examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial 
statements.

● Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are 
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company's internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

● Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting 
estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial 
statements.

● Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise 

substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope 
and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the 
audit.

Other Matters

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America require that the information about incurred and 
paid claims development that precedes the current reporting period and the historical claims payout percentages included 
in Note 6 from page 32 to 39 be presented to supplement the basic financial statements. Such information is the 
responsibility of management and, although not a part of the basic financial statements, is required by the Financial 
Accounting Board (FASB) who considers it to be an essential part of financial reporting for placing the basic financial 
statements in an appropriate operational, economic, or historical context. We have applied certain limited procedures to 
the required supplementary information in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of 
America, which consisted of inquiries of management about the methods of preparing the information and comparing the 
information for consistency with management's responses to our inquiries, the basic financial statements, and other 
knowledge we obtained during our audit of the basic financial statements. We do not express an opinion or provide any 
assurance on the information because the limited procedures do not provide us with sufficient evidence to express an 
opinion or provide any assurance.

New York, New York April 4, 2023

2

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Investments and cash:

ASSETS

Fixed income securities, available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $0
  and $4.3, respectively)
Fixed income securities, held for trading, at fair value (amortized cost $6,606.4
  and $1,874.8, respectively)
Preferred stocks, held for trading, at fair value (cost $335.5 and $193.6,
   respectively)
Equity securities:

Common stocks, at fair value (cost $1,230.5 and $1,022.9, respectively)
Common stocks, at equity

Short-term investments, held for trading, at fair value (amortized cost $628.9
   and $2,319.8, respectively)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents held as collateral
Other invested assets

Total investments and cash

Accrued investment income
Premiums receivable
Recoverable from reinsurers
Funds held by reinsureds
Deferred acquisition costs
Current federal and foreign income taxes receivable
Deferred federal and foreign income taxes receivable
Other assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES

Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Unearned premiums
(Re)insurance balances payable
Funds held under reinsurance contracts
Current federal and foreign income taxes payable
Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Non-controlling interest - preferred shares of subsidiaries
Common shares: $0.01 par value per share; Class A shares; 25,000  
   shares authorized; 5,744 shares issued: Class B Shares; 125,000 shares  
   authorized; 51,752 issued and outstanding
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of deferred income taxes
Retained earnings

Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

December 31,

2022

2021

(In millions, except share and per
share amounts)

$

— $

4.4

6,472.1

265.6

1,046.8
2,076.3

628.9
783.9
40.8
2,043.5
13,357.9
61.9
2,471.6
2,212.4
217.3
493.9
0.5
162.3
348.1
19,325.9

9,094.4
2,585.1
1,470.3
232.8
18.8
623.0
14,024.4

$

$

2,016.2

194.5

967.2
1,585.0

2,319.8
2,996.5
231.7
1,871.4
12,186.7
35.1
2,104.0
1,670.9
226.6
431.3
18.2
70.2
307.6
17,050.6

7,795.4
2,341.9
813.7
189.7
15.3
674.3
11,830.3

29.3

29.3

—
2,907.1
(63.1)
2,428.2
5,301.5
19,325.9

$

—
2,895.3
(83.3)
2,379.0
5,220.3
17,050.6

$

$

$

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

3

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

REVENUES
Gross premiums written
Ceded premiums written
Net premiums written

Increase in net unearned premiums

Net premiums earned
Net investment income
Net realized investment (losses) gains:
Realized investment (losses) gains
Other-than-temporary impairment losses

Total net realized investment (losses) gains

Total revenues

EXPENSES
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Acquisition costs
Other underwriting expenses
Other expenses, net
Interest expense
Total expenses

Income before income tax

Federal and foreign income tax provision (benefit):

Current
Deferred

Total federal and foreign income tax (benefit) provision

Net income

Years Ended December 31,
2021

2022

(In millions)

$

$

$

6,810.0
902.0
5,908.0
(241.7)
5,666.3
430.3

(486.9)
(9.5)
(496.4)
5,600.2

3,900.7
1,136.1
399.5
2.9
3.4
5,442.6
157.6

89.6
(97.5)
(7.9)
165.5

$

5,746.3
896.9
4,849.4
(603.5)
4,245.9
254.2

423.7
(75.3)
348.4
4,848.5

2,980.8
796.6
365.5
8.3
4.4
4,155.6
692.9

57.6
91.6
149.2
543.7

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

4

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Years Ended December 31,
2021

2022

(In millions)

Net Income

$

165.5

$

543.7

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME, BEFORE TAX
Unrealized net depreciation on securities arising 
    during the year
Reclassification adjustment for net realized investment losses
    included in net income
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Change in benefit plan liabilities

Other comprehensive Income, before tax

TAX BENEFIT (PROVISION)
Unrealized net depreciation on securities arising 
    during the year
Reclassification adjustment for net realized investment losses
    included in net income
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Change in benefit plan liabilities

Total tax provision

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Comprehensive income

(28.2)

35.5
(59.8)
78.1
25.6

5.9

(7.5)
12.6
(16.4)
(5.4)
20.2
185.7

$

(63.9)

61.9
24.4
36.1
58.5

13.4

(13.0)
(5.1)
(7.6)
(12.3)
46.2
589.9

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

5

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years Ended December 31,
2021

2022

(In millions, except common share amounts)

$

29.3

$

—
—
—

2,895.3
—
—
—
—

11.8
2,907.1

(83.3)

5.7
(47.2)
61.7
(63.1)

2,379.0
165.5

(1.3)
(115.0)
2,428.2
5,301.5

57,496
—
57,496

$

29.3

0.5
(0.5)
—

1,936.9
50.0
(2,072.0)
900.0
2,072.5

7.9
2,895.3

(129.5)

(1.6)
19.3
28.5
(83.3)

2,936.9
543.7

(1.6)
(1,100.0)
2,379.0
5,220.3

51,752
5,744
57,496

NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST - PREFERRED SHARES OF 
    SUBSIDIARIES
Balance, beginning and end of year
COMMON SHARES (par value)
Balance, beginning of year
    Common shares capital exchange
Balance, end of year
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
Balance, beginning of year
    Common shares capital contributions
    Common shares capital exchange
    Common shares - Class A - capital contributions
    Common shares - Class B - capital contributions
    Net change due to stock option exercises and 
         restricted share awards
Balance, end of year
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 NET OF DEFERRED INCOME TAXES
Balance, beginning of year
     Unrealized depreciation on securities, net of reclassification
          adjustments
     Foreign currency translation adjustments
     Change in benefit plan liabilities
Balance, end of year
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance, beginning of year
     Net income
     Dividends to preferred shareholder and non-controlling 
         interest
     Dividends to common shareholders
Balance, end of year

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

$

COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Balance, beginning of year
     Shares issued
Balance, end of year

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

6

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Increase in premiums receivable and funds held, net of reinsurance
Increase in unearned premiums and prepaid reinsurance premiums, net
Increase in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance
(Increase) decrease in current and deferred federal and foreign income taxes, net
Increase in deferred acquisition costs
Change in other assets and other liabilities, net
Net realized investment losses (gains)
Bond discount amortization, net
Amortization of compensation plans

Net cash provided by operating activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Maturities of fixed income securities, available for sale
Sales of equity securities
Purchases of equity securities
Net settlements of other invested assets
Purchases of other invested assets
Sales of trading securities
Purchases of trading securities
Net purchases of fixed assets
Acquisition of net assets of a business

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Common shares capital contributions
Repayment of debt obligations upon maturity
Purchases of restricted shares of parent
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders
Dividends paid to common shareholders
Net cash used in financing activities

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

Interest paid
Income taxes paid

Non-cash activity:

Dividends paid to common shareholders

Years Ended December 31,
2021
2022

(In millions)

$

165.5

$

543.7

(17.9)
254.0
1,334.2
(76.1)
(70.4)
(304.9)
496.4
(8.7)
24.3
1,796.4

3.9
1.9
(329.1)
266.3
(480.6)
5,768.4
(9,240.3)
(19.6)
(1.3)
(4,030.4)

—
—
(11.4)
(1.3)
(107.6)
(120.3)

(49.2)

(518.3)
599.2
1,041.5
144.0
(128.8)
(78.1)
(348.4)
9.3
23.1
1,287.2

11.3
4.2
(2.0)
344.2
(292.0)
10,357.7
(9,472.7)
(13.7)
(5.8)
931.2

950.0
(90.0)
(10.8)
(1.6)
(900.0)
(52.4)

(13.0)

(2,403.5)
3,228.2
824.7

$

2,153.0
1,075.2
3,228.2

— $
$

67.9

0.8
5.4

7.4

$

200.0

$

$
$

$

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

7

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

1. Organization

Odyssey Group Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, or “OGHI” on a 
stand-alone basis), is an underwriter of reinsurance, providing a full range of property and casualty products on a worldwide 
basis, and of specialty insurance, primarily in the United States and through the Lloyd’s of London (“Lloyd’s”) marketplace. 
OGHI  owns  all  the  common  shares  of  Odyssey  Reinsurance  Company  (“ORC”),  its  principal  operating  subsidiary,  which  is 
domiciled in the state of Connecticut. ORC directly or indirectly owns all of the common shares of the following subsidiaries:

•

•

•

•

•

Hudson Insurance Company (“Hudson”) and its subsidiaries:

•

•

Hudson Excess Insurance Company (“Hudson Excess”);

Hilltop Specialty Insurance Company ("Hilltop");

Greystone Insurance Company (“Greystone”);

Newline Holdings U.K. Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Newline”):

•

•

•

•

Newline Underwriting Management Limited, which manages Newline Syndicate (1218), a member of Lloyd’s;

Newline Insurance Company Limited (“NICL”) and its subsidiaries:

•

Newline Europe Holdings GmbH and its subsidiary:

•

Newline Europe Versicherung AG (“NV”);

Newline Corporate Name Limited (“NCNL”), which provides capital for and receives distributed earnings from 
Newline Syndicate (1218); and

Newline Group Services Limited;

Odyssey Re Europe Holdings S.A.S. (“OREH”) and its subsidiary:

•

Odyssey Re Europe S.A. (“ORESA”); and

Odyssey Reinsurance (Barbados) Ltd. (“ORB”).

Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited (“Fairfax”), a publicly traded holding company based in Toronto, Canada, ultimately 
owns  90.01%  of  the  common  shares  of  OGHI  and  100%  of  the  non-controlling  interest  -  preferred  shares  of  OGHI’s 
subsidiaries. The direct owner of the 90.01% interest in OGHI is Odyssey US Holdings Inc. (“OUSHI”), all the common shares 
of which are ultimately owned by Fairfax. On December 15, 2021, the Company issued shares representing an aggregate 
9.99% equity interest to a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (“CPPIB”) and OMERS, the 
pension plan for Ontario’s municipal employees, for cash consideration of $900.0m, which was subsequently paid by OGHI 
as a dividend to Fairfax. Fairfax has the flexibility to repurchase the interests of CPPIB and OMERS in OGHI over time.

8

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Basis of Presentation.  The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements 
include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates 
and assumptions that could differ materially from actual results affecting the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues 
and expenses and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.  The Company considers its accounting policies that are 
most  dependent  on  the  application  of  estimates  and  assumptions  as  critical  accounting  estimates,  which  are  defined  as 
estimates that are both: i) important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and ii) 
require  the  Company  to  exercise  significant  judgment.    These  estimates,  by  necessity,  are  based  on  assumptions  about 
numerous factors.

The Company reviews its critical accounting estimates and assumptions on a quarterly basis, including: the valuation of 
the reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses; analysis of the recoverability of deferred income tax assets; and 
valuation of the investment portfolio, including a review for other-than-temporary declines in estimated fair value and the 
pricing of level 3 securities.

Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. 

(b)  Investments.    The  majority  of  the  Company’s  investments  in  fixed  income  securities  and  common  stocks  are 
categorized as “held for trading” and are recorded at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices (see Note 3).  
Most investments in common stocks of affiliates are carried at the Company’s proportionate share of the equity of those 
affiliates. Short-term investments, which are classified as “held for trading” and which have a maturity of one year or less 
from the date of purchase, are carried at fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with 
an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposits totaling 
$46.2m and $22.4m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Investments in limited partnerships, investment funds, 
mortgage  loans,  collateral  loans,  affiliate  loans,  real  estate  and  contingent  considerations  have  been  reported  in  other 
invested assets. Other invested assets also include accounts relating to the Company’s unqualified benefit plans and certain 
derivative  securities,  all  of  which  are  carried  at  fair  value.  The  Company  routinely  evaluates  the  carrying  value  of  its 
investments in common stocks of affiliates and in partnerships and investment funds. In the case of limited partnerships and 
investment  funds,  the  carrying  value  is  generally  established  based  on  the  net  valuation  criteria  as  determined  by  the 
managers of the investments. Such valuations could differ significantly from the values that would have been available had 
markets  existed  for  the  securities.  Investment  transactions  are  recorded  on  their  trade  date,  with  balances  pending 
settlement reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as a component of other assets or other liabilities.

Investment  income,  which  is  reported  net  of  applicable  investment  expenses,  is  recorded  as  earned.  Realized 
investment  gains  or  losses  are  determined  based  on  average  cost.  The  Company  records,  in  investment  income,  its 
proportionate share of income or loss, including realized gains or losses, for those securities for which the equity method of 
accounting is utilized, which include most common stocks of affiliates, limited partnerships and investment funds. Due to the 
timing of when financial information is reported by equity investees and received by the Company, results attributable to 
these investments are generally reported by the Company on a one month or one quarter lag. Unrealized appreciation and 
depreciation related to trading securities is recorded as realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated statements of 
operations.

The net amount of unrealized appreciation or depreciation on the Company’s available for sale investments, net of 
applicable deferred income taxes, is reflected in shareholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income. A decline 
in the fair value of an available for sale investment below its cost or amortized cost that is deemed other-than-temporary is 
recorded as a realized investment loss in the consolidated statements of operations, resulting in a new cost or amortized cost 
basis for the investment. Other-than-temporary declines in the carrying values of investments recorded in accordance with 
the equity method of accounting are recorded in net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations.

9

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(c) Revenue Recognition.  Reinsurance assumed premiums written and related costs are based upon reports received 
from ceding companies. When reinsurance assumed premiums written have not been reported by the ceding company they 
are estimated, at the individual contract level, based on historical patterns and experience from the ceding company and 
judgment of the Company. Subsequent adjustments to premiums written, based on actual results or revised estimates from 
the  ceding  company,  are  recorded  in  the  period  in  which  they  become  known.  Reinsurance  assumed  premiums  written 
related to proportional treaty business are established on a basis that is consistent with the coverage periods under the terms 
of  the  underlying  insurance  contracts.  Reinsurance  assumed  premiums  written  related  to  excess  of  loss  and  facultative 
reinsurance business are recorded over the coverage term of the contracts, which is generally one year. Unearned premium 
reserves  are  established  for  the  portion  of  reinsurance  assumed  premiums  written  that  are  to  be  recognized  over  the 
remaining  contract  period.  Unearned  premium  reserves  related  to  proportional  treaty  contracts  are  computed  based  on 
reports received from ceding companies, which show premiums written but not yet earned. Premium adjustments made over 
the life of the contract are recognized as earned premiums based on the applicable contract period. Insurance premiums 
written are based upon the effective date of the underlying policy and are generally earned on a pro rata basis over the policy 
period, which is usually one year. A reserve for uncollectible premiums is established when deemed necessary. The Company 
has established a reserve for potentially uncollectible premium receivable balances of $3.8m and $10.3m as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively, which has been netted against premiums receivable.

The cost of reinsurance purchased by the Company (reinsurance premiums ceded) is reported as prepaid reinsurance 
premiums and amortized over the contract period in proportion to the amount of reinsurance protection provided; unearned 
premiums  are  included  in  recoverables  from  reinsurers  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  The  ultimate  amount  of 
premiums,  including  adjustments,  is  recognized  as  premiums  ceded,  and  amortized  over  the  applicable  contract  period. 
Premiums earned are reported net of reinsurance ceded premiums earned in the consolidated statements of operations. 
Amounts paid by the Company for retroactive reinsurance that meet the conditions for reinsurance accounting are reported 
as reinsurance receivables to the extent those amounts do not exceed the associated liabilities. If the liabilities exceed the 
amounts paid, reinsurance receivables are increased to reflect the difference, and the resulting gain is deferred and amortized 
over  the  estimated  settlement  period.  If  the  amounts  paid  for  retroactive  reinsurance  exceed  the  liabilities,  the  related 
liabilities are increased or the reinsurance receivable is reduced, or both, at the time the reinsurance contract is effective, 
and the excess is charged to net income. Changes in the estimated amount of liabilities relating to the underlying reinsured 
contracts are recognized in net income in the period of the changes. Assumed and ceded reinstatement premiums represent 
additional premiums related to reinsurance coverages, principally catastrophe excess of loss contracts, which are paid when 
the incurred loss limits have been utilized under the reinsurance contract and such limits are reinstated. Premiums written 
and earned premiums related to a loss event are estimated and accrued as earned. The accrual is adjusted based upon any 
change to the ultimate losses incurred under the contract.

Leasing revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the leases. All of the Company’s leasing revenue is 
generated from operating leases. Assets held for leases consist of land and buildings with estimated useful lives of 30 to 39 
years and are valued at $279.6m.

(d) Deferred Acquisition Costs.  Acquisition costs, which are reported net of costs recovered under ceded contracts, 
consist of commissions and brokerage expenses incurred on insurance and reinsurance business written, and premium taxes 
on  direct  insurance  written,  and  are  deferred  and  amortized  over  the  period  in  which  the  related  premiums  are  earned. 
Commission adjustments are accrued based on changes in premiums and losses recorded by the Company in the period in 
which they become known. Deferred acquisition costs are limited to their estimated realizable value based on the related 
unearned  premium,  which  considers  anticipated  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  and  estimated  remaining  costs  of 
servicing the business, all based on historical experience. The realizable value of the Company’s deferred acquisition costs is 
determined without consideration of investment income.

Included in acquisition costs in the consolidated statements of operations are amortized deferred acquisition costs of 

$1,105.5m and $769.8m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

10

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(e) Goodwill and Intangible Assets.  The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets as required by GAAP. A 
purchase price paid that is in excess of net assets arising from a business combination is recorded as an asset (“goodwill”) 
and is not amortized. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset. Intangible 
assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Goodwill and intangible assets are analyzed for impairment on an annual 
basis to determine if the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the goodwill or intangible asset is impaired, it is written 
down to its realizable value with a corresponding expense reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. For the 
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Company did not impair any goodwill or intangible assets. 

The following table reflects the carrying amount of goodwill, intangible assets with indefinite lives and intangible assets 

with finite lives as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Balance, January 1, 2021
Acquired during 2021
Amortization during 2021
Balance, December 31, 2021
Acquired during 2022
Amortization during 2022
Balance, December 31, 2022

Intangible Assets

Goodwill

52.3
—
—
52.3
—
—
52.3

$

$

Indefinite Lives
5.8
$
—
—
5.8
—
—
5.8

$

$

$

Finite Lives

Total

15.1
5.7
(6.7)
14.1
1.3
(6.8)
8.6

$

$

73.2
5.7
(6.7)
72.2
1.3
(6.8)
66.7

The following table provides the estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets for the succeeding years:

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028 and 
thereafter

Years Ended December 31,

Amortization of intangible 
assets

$

5.4

$

1.9

$

0.9

$

— $

— $

—

f) Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.  Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses represent reserves for the 
estimated amounts that the Company is obligated to pay for reported and unreported claims and related loss adjustment 
expenses incurred under its contracts of insurance and reinsurance. The estimates are based on assumptions related to the 
ultimate cost to settle such claims. The inherent uncertainties of estimating reserves are greater for reinsurance contracts 
than for direct insurance policies due to the diversity of development patterns among different types of reinsurance contracts 
and  the  necessary  reliance  on  ceding  companies  for  information  regarding  reported  claims.  As  a  result,  there  can  be  no 
assurance that the ultimate liability will not exceed amounts reserved, with a resulting adverse effect on the Company.

The  reserves  for  unpaid  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  are  based  on  the  Company’s  evaluations  of  reported 
claims and individual case estimates received from ceding companies for reinsurance business or the estimates advised by 
the Company’s claims adjusters for insurance business. The Company utilizes generally accepted actuarial methodologies to 
determine reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses based on historical experience and other estimates. The reserves 
are reviewed continually during the year and changes in estimates for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reflected as 
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that the changes are identified. Reinsurance recoverables 
on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are reported as assets. A reserve for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables 
is  established  based  on  an  evaluation  of  each  reinsurer  or  retrocessionaire  and  historical  experience.  The  Company  uses 
tabular reserving for workers’ compensation indemnity loss reserves, which are considered to be fixed and determinable, 
and discounts such reserves using an interest rate of 3.5% and the Life Table for Total Population: United States, 2009.

11

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(g) Deposit Assets and Liabilities.  The Company may enter into assumed and ceded reinsurance contracts that contain 
certain loss limiting provisions and, as a result, do not meet the risk transfer provisions of GAAP. These contracts are deemed 
as either transferring only significant timing risk or only significant underwriting risk or transferring neither significant timing 
nor underwriting risk and are accounted for using the deposit accounting method, under which revenues and expenses from 
reinsurance contracts are not recognized as written premium and incurred losses. Instead, the profits or losses from these 
contracts are recognized net, as other income or other expense, over the contract or contractual settlement periods. 

For such contracts, the Company initially records the amount of consideration paid as a deposit asset or received as a 
deposit liability. Revenue or expense is recognized over the term of the contract, with any deferred amount recorded as a 
component of assets or liabilities until such time it is earned. The ultimate asset or liability under these contracts is estimated, 
and the asset or liability initially established, which represents the consideration transferred, is increased or decreased over 
the term of the contract. The change during the period is recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, 
with increases and decreases in the ultimate asset or liability shown in other expense, net.  As of December 31, 2022 and 
2021, the Company had reflected $2.1m and $1.6m, for December 31, 2022 and 2021, in other assets and $0.0m and $0.2m, 
for  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  in  other  liabilities,  related  to  deposit  contracts.  In  cases  where  cedants  retain  the 
consideration on a funds held basis, the Company records those assets in other assets, and records the related investment 
income on the assets in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as investment income.

(h)  Income  Taxes.  The  Company  records  deferred  income  taxes  to  provide  for  the  net  tax  effect  of  temporary 
differences between the carrying values of assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and their 
tax  bases.  Such  differences  relate  principally  to  deferred  acquisition  costs,  unearned  premiums,  unpaid  losses  and  loss 
adjustment  expenses,  investments  and  tax  credits.  Deferred  tax  assets  are  reduced  by  a  valuation  allowance  when  the 
Company believes it is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of deferred taxes will not be realized. As of December 31, 
2021, the Company had determined that it is more likely than not that its foreign tax credit carryovers (“FTC”) would not be 
utilized prior to expiration and a valuation allowance of $39.1m was recorded against the FTC deferred tax asset. Due to 
increased foreign sourced income during 2022 and the expectation that such income would continue in future years, this 
allowance  was  released  in  2022.  The  Company  has  elected  to  recognize  accrued  interest  and  penalties  associated  with 
uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. 

(i) Derivatives.  The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage against potential adverse changes in the value 
of  its  assets  and  liabilities.  Derivatives  include  total  return  swaps,  interest  rate  swaps,  forward  currency  contracts,  U.S. 
Treasury bond forward contracts, CPI-linked derivative contracts, credit default swaps, call options, put options, warrants and 
other  equity  and  credit  derivatives.  In  addition,  the  Company  holds  options  on  certain  securities  within  its  fixed  income 
portfolio that allow the Company to extend the maturity date on fixed income securities or convert fixed income securities 
to  equity  securities.  The  Company  categorizes  these  investments  as  trading  securities,  and,  except  as  noted  below  with 
respect to certain Crop-related products and derivative instruments purchased and sold to hedge the Company's exposure 
to such Crop-related products, changes in fair value are recorded as realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated 
statements of operations. All derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance 
sheets and are measured at their fair value. Gains or losses from changes in the derivative values are reported based on how 
the derivative is used and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting. Except as noted below, for derivative instruments that 
do  not  qualify  for  hedge  accounting,  changes  in  fair  value  are  included  in  realized  investment  gains  and  losses  in  the 
consolidated statements of operations. Margin balances required by counterparties in support of derivative positions are 
included in fixed income securities and short-term investments.

The  Company  has  accounted  for  certain  U.S.  Crop-related  products  that  do  not  qualify  as  insurance  contracts  and 
related reinsurance on such contracts as derivative instruments, reflecting the fair value of such instruments as either other 
assets  or  other  liabilities  in  its  consolidated  balance  sheet,  depending  upon  the  position  of  each  instrument  as  of  each 
reporting  date.  The  Company  has  hedged  its  net  exposure  to  losses  from  these  contracts  using  put  options  and  collars 
acquired at or near the initial issuance date of the contracts, reflecting the fair value of such instruments as either other 
assets or other liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet, depending upon the position of such hedging instruments as of 
each reporting date. Changes in fair value for both the hedged contracts and the hedging instruments are reflected in loss 
and loss adjustment expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. 

(j) Foreign Currency.  Foreign currency transaction gains or losses resulting from a change in exchange rates between 
the currency in which a transaction is denominated, or the original currency, and the functional currency are reflected in the 
consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they occur. The Company translates the financial statements of 
its foreign subsidiaries and branches that have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar into U.S. dollars by translating 
balance sheet accounts at the balance sheet date exchange rate and income statement accounts at the rate at which the 

12

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

transaction occurs or the average exchange rate for each quarter. Translation gains or losses are recorded, net of deferred 
income taxes, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

The  following  table  presents  the  foreign  exchange  effects,  net  of  the  effects  of  foreign  currency  forward  contracts 
purchased as an economic hedge against foreign exchange rate volatility and of tax, on specific line items in the Company’s 
financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Statements of operations:
Realized investment (losses) gains:

Foreign currency forward contracts gains (losses)
Other investment losses
Non-Investment realized (losses) gains

Total realized investment gains (losses)

Net investment loss

Income (loss) before income tax

Total federal and foreign income tax provision (benefit)

Net income (loss)
Other comprehensive loss:

Other comprehensive (loss) income before income tax
Federal and foreign income tax (benefit) provision before 
   income tax

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Total effects on comprehensive loss and
   shareholders' equity

2022

2021

$

$

60.4
(7.4)
(8.9)
44.1
(0.4)
43.7
9.2
34.5

(59.8)

(12.6)
(47.2)

$

(12.7) $

(6.8)
(33.8)
8.7
(31.9)
(1.0)
(32.9)
(6.9)
(26.0)

24.4

5.1
19.3

(6.7)

(k) Stock-Based Compensation Plans.  The Company reflects awards of restricted common stock of Fairfax to employees 
as  a  reduction  to  additional  paid-in-capital  when  the  shares  are  purchased.  The  award  value  is  amortized  through 
compensation expense over the related vesting periods.

(l) Claims Payments.  Payments of claims by the Company, as reinsurer, to a broker on behalf of a reinsured company 
are recorded in the Company’s financial statements as paid losses at the time the cash is disbursed and are treated as paid 
to the reinsured.  Premiums due to the Company from the reinsured are recorded as receivables from the reinsured until the 
cash is received by the Company, either directly from the reinsured or from the broker.

(m) Funds Held Balances.  “Funds held under reinsurance contracts” represents amounts due to reinsurers arising from 
the Company’s receipt of a deposit from a reinsurer, or the withholding of a portion of the premiums due, in accordance with 
contractual terms, as a guarantee that the reinsurer will meet its loss and other obligations. Interest generally accrues on 
withheld funds in accordance with contract terms. “Funds held by reinsured” represents amount due from a ceding company 
that withholds, in accordance with the contractual terms, a portion of the premium due the Company as a guarantee that 
the Company will meet its loss and other obligations.

(n) Fixed Assets.  Fixed assets, with a net book value of $110.9m and $106.2m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively, are recorded at amortized cost and are included in other assets. Depreciation and amortization are generally 
computed on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Leasehold improvements
Electronic data processing equipment and furniture
Personal computers and software

10 years or term of lease, if shorter
5 years
3 years

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $30.2m and $27.5m, 

respectively.

13

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(o)  Contingent  Liabilities.    Amounts  are  accrued  for  the  resolution  of  claims  that  have  either  been  asserted  or  are 
deemed probable of assertion if, in the opinion of the Company, it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the 
amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated.  In many cases it is not possible to determine whether a liability has been 
incurred or to estimate the ultimate or minimum amount of that liability until years after the contingency arises, in which 
case no accrual is made until that time. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, no contingent liabilities have been recorded (see 
Note 11).

(p)  Recent  Accounting  Pronouncements.    The  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“FASB”)  is  the  organization 

responsible for establishing and improving GAAP. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” which provides for the recognition 
and measurement at the reporting date of all expected credit losses for financial assets that are not accounted for at fair 
value through net income, including investments in available-for-sale debt securities and loans, premiums receivable and 
reinsurance recoverable. The updated guidance amends the current other-than-temporary impairment model for available-
for-sale debt securities by requiring the recognition of impairments relating to credit losses through an allowance account 
and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. This guidance 
also applies a new current expected credit loss model for determining credit-related impairments for financial instruments 
measured at amortized cost. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which deferred the effective date of ASU 
2016-13 to 2023 (with early adoption permitted), and ASU 2019-11, which amended and clarified certain guidance contained 
in  ASU  2016-13.  The  Company  evaluated  the  effect  this  standard  will  have  on  its  consolidated  financial  statement  and 
determined the impact to be insignificant.   

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 provides 
the simplification of existing guidance for income taxes, including the removal of certain exceptions related to the recognition 
of  deferred  tax  liabilities  on  foreign  subsidiaries.  The  Company  adopted  ASU  2019-12  effective  in  2022  as  required;  the 
adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

The  Company  has  determined  that  all  recently  issued  guidance  and  pronouncements,  other  than  those  directly 

referenced above, are either not applicable or are immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(q) Equity Method Investments Valuation and Changes Misstatement.  The Company has concluded that, as a result of 
the  misapplication  of  accounting  guidance  for  the  accounting  of  equity  method  investments,  the  carrying  value  and  the 
changes in value related to certain of the Company's investments were misstated as presented in its financial statements for 
2021. 

The effect of the misstatements were such that December 31, 2021 common stocks, at equity, were understated by 
$53.7m,  shareholders'  equity  was  understated  by  $42.4  million  (including  the  overstatement  of    accumulated  other 
comprehensive  loss  net  of  deferred  income  taxes  by  $52.1m  and  retained  earnings  by  $9.7m),  deferred  tax  assets  were 
overstated by $11.3m, net income was overstated by $10.5m (net of tax) and other comprehensive income was understated 
by $7.0m. These misstatements were corrected in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 
2022.

The  Company  performed  both  a  qualitative  and  quantitative  assessment  of  the  materiality  of  the  adjustments  and 
concluded that the effects were not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations within the 2021 
annual  consolidated  financial  statements  or  for  the  2022  annual  consolidated  financial  statements  in  which  they  were 
adjusted. 

(r) Subsequent Events.  The Company has evaluated the significance of events occurring subsequent to December 31, 
2022  with  respect  to  disclosing  the  nature  and  expected  impact  of  such  events  as  of  April  4,  2023,  the  date  these 
consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

14

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

3. Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for a significant portion of its financial instruments at fair value as required by GAAP.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are measured and classified in a 
three-level  hierarchy  for  disclosure  purposes  based  on  the  observability  of  inputs  available  in  the  marketplace  used  to 
measure fair values.  The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets 
or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). When the inputs used to measure fair value fall 
within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Gains and losses for assets and liabilities 
categorized  within  the  Level  3  table  below,  therefore,  may  include  changes  in  fair  value  that  are  attributable  to  both 
observable  inputs  (Levels  1  and  2)  and  unobservable  inputs  (Level  3).  Financial  assets  and  liabilities  recorded  in  the 
consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 financial instruments are financial assets and liabilities for which the values are based on unadjusted quoted 
prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company has the ability to access.  Market price data 
generally is obtained from exchange markets.  The Company does not adjust the quoted price for such instruments.  The 
majority of the Company’s Level 1 investments are common stocks that are actively traded in a public market and short-term 
investments and cash equivalents, for which the cost basis approximates fair value.

Level  2  financial  instruments  are  financial  assets  and  liabilities  for  which  the  values  are  based  on  quoted  prices  in 
markets that are not active, or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of 
the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following:

a)

b)

c)

d)

Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets;

Pricing models, the inputs for which are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Pricing models, the inputs for which are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data 
through correlation or other means, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Assets  and  liabilities  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis  and  classified  as  Level  2  include  government  and 
corporate fixed income securities, which are priced using publicly traded over-the-counter prices and broker-dealer quotes. 
Observable inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads and bids are available for 
these investments.  Also included in Level 2 are inactively traded convertible corporate debentures that are valued using a 
pricing model that includes observable inputs such as credit spreads and discount rates in the calculation.

Level 3 financial instruments are financial assets and liabilities for which the values are based on prices or valuation 
techniques  that  require  inputs  that  are  both  unobservable  and  significant  to  the  overall  fair  value  measurement.  These 
measurements include circumstances in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.  In certain cases, 
the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.  In such cases, the level in the 
fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant 
to the fair value measurement in its entirety.  Therefore, these inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the 
methodology and valuation techniques that a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no securities were transferred into or out of Level 3. 

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company purchased $262.8m and $142.7m, respectively, of 
investments that are classified as Level 3.  As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company held $586.6m and $571.9m, 
respectively, of investments that are classified as Level 3.  Level 3 investments include CPI-linked derivative contracts, and 
certain loans, bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks.

15

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

A  review  of  fair  value  hierarchy  classifications  is  conducted  on  a  quarterly  basis.  Changes  in  the  observability  of 
valuation inputs may result in a reclassification for certain financial assets or liabilities. Reclassifications impacting Level 3 of 
the fair value hierarchy are generally reported as transfers in or out of the Level 3 category as of the beginning of the period 
in which the reclassifications occur. The Company has determined, after carefully considering the impact of recent economic 
conditions and liquidity in the credit markets on the Company’s portfolio, that it should not re-classify any of its investments 
from Level 1 or Level 2 to Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.  There were no transfers of securities 
between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

The Company is responsible for determining the fair value of its investment portfolio by utilizing market driven fair 
value  measurements  obtained  from  active  markets,  where  available,  by  considering  other  observable  and  unobservable 
inputs  and  by  employing  valuation  techniques  that  make  use  of  current  market  data.  For  the  majority  of  the  Company’s 
investment portfolio, the Company uses quoted prices and other information from independent pricing sources to determine 
fair values.

The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring 

basis as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Fixed income securities, held for trading:

United States government, government agencies
   and authorities
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Foreign governments
Corporate

Total fixed income securities, held for trading

Preferred stocks, held for trading
Common stocks, at fair value
Short-term investments, held for trading
Cash equivalents
Derivatives
Other investments

Total assets measured at fair value

Derivative liabilities

Total liabilities measured at fair value

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022

Reported
Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

$

$
$

4,239.1
105.5
947.9
1,179.6
6,472.1
265.6
680.8
628.9
422.5
54.6
186.7
8,711.2

24.1
24.1

$

$

$
$

— $
—
—
5.4
5.4
0.1
556.2
504.0
422.5

—
1,488.2

$

4,239.1
105.5
947.9
1,005.0
6,297.5
156.1
—
124.9

35.0
22.9
6,636.4

— $
— $

24.1
24.1

$

$

$
$

—
—
—
169.2
169.2
109.4
124.6
—
—
19.6
163.8
586.6

—
—

16

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Fixed income securities, available for sale:

United States government, government agencies
   and authorities
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Total fixed income securities, available for
   sale

Fixed income securities, held for trading:

United States government, government agencies
   and authorities
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Foreign governments
Corporate

Total fixed income securities, held for trading

Preferred stocks, held for trading
Common stocks, at fair value
Short-term investments, held for trading
Cash equivalents
Derivatives
Other investments

Total assets measured at fair value

Derivative liabilities

Total liabilities measured at fair value

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021

Reported
Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

$

$
$

$

0.5
3.9

4.4

— $
—

—

$

0.5
3.9

4.4

346.7
119.9
526.3
1,023.3
2,016.2
194.5
596.7
2,319.8
1,968.2
41.1
172.9
7,313.8

15.2
15.2

$

$
$

—
—
—
13.2
13.2
0.2
521.7
2,291.0
1,968.2
—
—
4,794.3

-
-

$

$
$

346.7
119.9
526.3
691.6
1,684.5
174.0
—
28.8
—
31.0
24.9
1,947.6

15.2
15.2

$

$
$

—
—

—

—
—
—
318.5
318.5
20.3
75.0
—
—
10.1
148.0
571.9

-
-

In accordance with ASU 2015-17, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure for Investments in Certain Entities 
That Calculate Net Asset Value (“NAV”) per Share (or Its Equivalent),” investments that are measured at fair value using the 
NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient, have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 
31, 2022 and 2021, $1,071.2m and $1,108.0m, respectively, of investments reported as equity securities and other invested 
assets, based upon NAV, are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables. 

The following table provides a summary of changes in the fair value of Level 3 financial assets for the years ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Balance, January 1, 2021
     Change in value related to securities sold
     Change in value related to securities held
     Purchases / additions
     Settlements / paydowns
Balance, December 31, 2021
     Change in value related to securities sold
     Change in value related to securities held
     Purchases / additions
     Settlements / paydowns
Balance, December 31, 2022

Fixed Income
Securities

Other Invested
Assets

Equity
Securities

$

$

272.3
(0.2)
55.8
—
(9.4)
318.5
—
(146.6)
—
(2.7)
169.2

$

$

204.7
2.8
2.1
60.1
(111.6)
158.1
(5.1)
(26.4)
59.3
(2.5)
183.4

$

$

15.4
0.4
(0.2)
82.6
(2.9)
95.3
1.5
(52.0)
203.5
(14.3)
234.0

17

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The following tables present changes in value included in net income related to Level 3 assets for the years ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Year ended December 31, 2022

Fixed income securities
Other invested assets
Equity securities

Total changes in value included in net income

Year ended December 31, 2021

Fixed income securities
Other invested assets
Equity securities

Total changes in value included in net income

Net
Investment
Income (Losses)
3.3
$
8.9
8.2
20.4

$

$

$

4.3
6.8
5.4
16.5

Net
Realized Capital
Gains (Losses)

Currency
Translation

$

$

$

$

(146.5) $
(31.6)
(50.6)
(228.7) $

55.4
4.9
0.2
60.5

$

$

(0.1) $
—
—
(0.1) $

0.2
—
—
0.2

$

$

Total

(143.3)
(22.7)
(42.4)
(208.4)

59.9
11.7
5.6
77.2

The Company uses valuation techniques to establish the fair value of Level 3 investments. The following table provides 
information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and ranges for each major category of Level 3 assets 
measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Valuation Technique/Asset Type
Market Approach

As of December 31,

2022

2021

Significant 
Unobservable
Inputs

Range

2022

2021

Fixed income securities

$

169.1

$

318.5

Preferred stocks

Preferred stocks

Warrants

Warrants

Other investment

Credit risk premium
     Wtd Average

5.3% - 6.0%
5.3%

Credit risk premium
     Wtd Average
Recent transaction price

5.8%
5.8%
N/A

Volatility
     Wtd Average
Recent transaction price

31.8% - 46.8%
34.5%
N/A

1.0% - 5.1%
3.9%

3.8% - 8.0%
5.3%
N/A

75.1%
75.1%
N/A

88.8

20.6

14.8

4.8

12.8

7.5

3.7

6.4

163.8

148.0

Credit risk premium
Discount rate

7.4% - 12.3%
20.8% - 21.5%

5.6% - 22.1%

   Total valued using market approach

461.9

496.9

Income Approach

Common stocks, held for trading

Common stocks, held for trading

   Total valued using income approach

75.0

-
49.7

124.7

-

75.0
-

75.0

Credit spread /disc rate/
     terminal growth rate
Recent transaction price
Recent transaction price

2.1% / 15.1%/ 
1.5%
N/A
N/A

N/A

N/A
N/A

Total - Level 3

$

586.6

$

571.9

(1)

(2)

Valued using broker-dealer quotes that use market observable inputs except for the inflation volatility input, which is 
not market observable.
The Company evaluates observable price-to-book multiples of peer companies and applies such to the most recently 
available book value per share.

18

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company measures the fair value of certain assets on a non-recurring basis, generally quarterly, annually or when 
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. These assets may 
include equity-method investments, mortgage loans and investments in real estate. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the 
Company did not carry any equity method investments, mortgage loans, or investments in real estate at fair value.

The  Company  purchases  investments  in  mortgage  loans  in  the  normal  course  of  its  business.  The  carrying  value  of 
mortgage loans are at amortized cost, which approximates their fair value, was $740.7m and $569.9m at December 31, 2022 
and 2021, respectively. Mortgage loans are considered to be Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage loans are 
valued using the market approach and discounted cash flow method. By increasing (decreasing) the credit spreads applied at 
December 31, 2022 by 100 basis points, the fair value of the mortgage loans would not change significantly primarily due to 
the short term nature of these instruments. 

Fair Value Option

The  fair  value  option  (“FVO”)  allows  companies  to  irrevocably  elect  fair  value  as  the  initial  and  subsequent 
measurement attribute for certain financial assets and liabilities. Changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities for which 
the  election  is  made  are  recognized  in  net  income  as  they  occur.  The  FVO  election  is  permitted  on  an  instrument-by-
instrument basis at initial recognition of an asset or liability or upon the occurrence of an event that gives rise to a new basis 
of accounting for that instrument.

The Company owns Classes A, C, E, G, H, I, J, K and Q common shares of HWIC Asia Fund (“HWIC Asia”), which is 100% 
owned by Fairfax and of which the Company owns 34.5% as of December 31, 2022. At the time of the purchase of each class 
of shares, the Company elected the FVO for these investments, as HWIC Asia is a multi-class investment company that reports 
its investments at fair value and provides a NAV on a monthly basis.

The Company owns shares of HWIC QIAIF Value Opportunities Fund ("HWIC VOF"), shares in HWIC QIAIF Property Fund 
I ("HWIC PFI") and shares in HWIC QIAIF Property Fund II (“HWIC PF2”), which are each 100% owned by Fairfax and of which 
the  Company  owns  2.8%,  24.1%  and  29.8%,  respectively.  At  the  time  of  purchase  of  the  HWIC  VOF  and  the  HWIC  PFI 
investments, the Company elected the FVO for these investments, as they are investment companies that report investments 
at fair value and provide a NAV on a monthly basis.

The carrying values of the Company’s investment in the various HWIC Asia, HWIC VOF and HWIC PFI and HWIC PF2 
common share issues as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, which are included in common stocks at fair value on the balance 
sheet, and the changes in fair value for each issue for the years then ended, are summarized below:

Fair value as of
   January 1, 2021
Purchases/ (Sales)
Change in fair value
Currency translation
        adjustment
Fair value as of
   December 31, 2021
Purchases/ (Sales)
Change in fair value
Currency translation
        adjustment
Fair value as of
   December 31, 2022

HWIC
Asia
Class A

HWIC
Asia
Class C

HWIC
Asia
Class E

HWIC
Asia
Class G

HWIC
Asia
Class H

HWIC
Asia
Class I

HWIC
Asia
Class J

HWIC
Asia
Class K

HWIC
Asia
Class Q

HWIC
VOF

HWIC
PFI

HWIC
PF2

Total

$

$

2.9
(2.3)
1.5

—

2.1
—
(0.4)

—

$

7.8
—
(2.0)

—

5.8
—
(0.9)

—

0.1
8.1
(0.1)

(0.1)

8.0
(7.2)
(0.1)

(0.7)

$ 69.4
1.2
(5.0)

$ 67.8
—
26.0

$

— $ 43.4
—
—
(3.6)
—

$ 24.4
60.6
(17.7)

$ 20.3
—
(1.6)

$

5.8
0.1
0.9

$ 13.8
—
(1.0)

$ 53.2
—
(2.3)

$ 308.9
67.7
(4.9)

—

—

—

—

(0.1)

—

(0.4)

—

(0.3)

(0.9)

65.6
—
(5.6)

93.8
—
(29.5)

—
20.0
2.7

39.8
—
(2.6)

67.2
6.5
18.1

18.7
—
(0.5)

6.4
—
0.7

12.8
—
0.6

50.6
—
5.6

370.8
19.3
(11.9)

—

(0.2)

—

(1.3)

(1.1)

(1.0)

(0.5)

(1.4)

(6.0)

(12.2)

$

1.7

$

4.9

$

— $ 60.0

$ 64.1

$ 22.7

$ 35.9

$ 90.7

$ 17.2

$

6.6

$ 12.0

$ 50.2

$ 366.0

The Company did not elect the FVO for its other affiliated investments, as these affiliated investments were ultimately 

100% owned by Fairfax and its subsidiaries, and fair values were deemed to be not readily obtainable.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the Company has not elected the FVO for any of its liabilities.

19

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

4. Investments and Cash

The Company did not have any available for sale securities as of December 31, 2022. The Company had a fair value of 
$4.4m and amortized cost of $4.3M of available for sale securities, primarily US government bonds as of December 31, 2021.

Common stocks accounted for under the equity method of accounting were carried at $2,076.3m and $1,585.0m as of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Common stocks at equity had gross unrealized appreciation of $7.9m and $3.2m 
and gross unrealized depreciation of $71.0m and $73.6m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Other invested 
assets  were  carried  at  $2,043.5m  and  $1,871.4m  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  reflecting  no  gross 
unrealized appreciation or depreciation.

A summary of the Company’s held for trading and fair value option portfolios as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as 

follows:

Fixed income securities:

United States government, government agencies
   and authorities
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Foreign governments
Corporate

Total fixed income securities

Preferred stocks
Common stocks
Short-term investments
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents held as collateral

Total

(a)

Fixed Income Maturity Schedule

2022
Fair Value

2021
Fair Value

$

$

4,239.2
105.4
947.9
1,179.6
6,472.1
265.6
1,046.8
628.9
783.9
40.8
9,238.1

$

$

346.7
119.9
526.3
1,023.3
2,016.2
194.5
967.2
2,319.8
2,996.5
231.7
8,725.9

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed income securities as of December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity, are 

shown below:

Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years

Total fixed income securities

At December 31, 2022
Held for Trading

Cost or
Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

% of Total
Fair Value

$

$

2,408.0
3,962.2
56.5
179.7
6,606.4

$

$

2,361.6
3,896.0
51.0
163.5
6,472.1

36.5%
60.2
0.8
2.5
100.0%

Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities shown in the previous table due to the existence of call 
options. In the case of securities containing call options, the actual maturity will be the same as the contractual maturity if 
the issuer elects not to exercise its call option. Total securities subject to call options represent approximately 9.9% of the 
total fair value.

20

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(b)

 Net Investment Income and Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

The following table sets forth the sources and components of net investment income for the years ended December 

31, 2022 and 2021:

Interest on fixed income securities
Dividends on preferred stocks
Dividends on common stocks
Net  income of common stocks, at equity
Interest on cash and short-term investments
Net income from other invested assets

Gross investment income

Less: investment expenses
Net investment income

2022

2021

$

$

120.0
20.3
19.2
221.2
17.0
100.1
497.8
67.5
430.3

$

$

92.0
5.6
12.9
126.8
1.4
82.8
321.5
67.3
254.2

The following table summarizes the Company’s net realized investment gains and losses for the years ended December 

31, 2022 and 2021:

Available for sale / equity method:

From sales
Other-than-temporary impairments

Total available for sale

Held for trading:

From sales and settlements
From mark to market adjustments

Total held for trading

Total net realized investment (losses) gains

2022

2021

$

$

(26.1) $

(9.4)
(35.5)

120.3
(581.2)
(460.9)
(496.4) $

13.7
(75.3)
(61.6)

147.7
262.3
410.0
348.4

The following table sets forth the components of net realized investment gains and losses on the Company’s equity 

investments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Common stocks, at equity:

Realized investment gains
Realized investment losses
Other-than-temporary impairments
Net realized investment losses

Total available for sale securities:
Realized investment gains
Realized investment losses
Other-than-temporary impairments
Net realized investment losses

2022

2021

11.7
(37.8)
(9.4)
(35.5)

11.7
(37.8)
(9.4)

$

(35.5) $

29.8
(16.1)
(75.3)
(61.6)

29.8
(16.1)
(75.3)
(61.6)

21

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The net realized investment gains or losses on disposal of held for trading securities in the table below represent the 
total gains or losses from the purchase dates of the investments and have been reported in net realized investment gains in 
the consolidated statements of operations.  The change in fair value presented below consists of two components:  (i) the 
reversal of the gain or loss recognized in previous years on securities sold and (ii) the change in fair value resulting from mark-
to-market adjustments on contracts still outstanding.  The following table sets forth the total net realized investment gains 
and losses on held for trading securities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Fixed income securities:

Net realized investment (losses) gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment losses

Preferred stock:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses) gains

Equity securities:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses) gains

Derivative securities:

Net realized investment gains (losses) on disposal/
settlement
Change in fair value

Net realized investment gains

Other securities:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses)  gains

Total held for trading securities:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses) gains

(c)

Unrealized (Depreciation) Appreciation

2022

2021

$

(18.8) $

(276.4)
(295.2)

2.4
(70.8)
(68.4)

4.1
(127.0)
(122.9)

55.5
(24.0)
31.5

77.1
(83.0)
(5.9)

120.3
(581.2)
(460.9) $

$

83.1
(103.9)
(20.8)

1.7
(1.5)
0.2

12.0
99.8
111.8

(51.9)
116.0
64.1

102.8
151.9
254.7

147.7
262.3
410.0

The following table sets forth the changes in net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation of investments, and the related 

tax effect, reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Fixed income securities
Equity securities

Decrease in unrealized net depreciation of
investments
Deferred income tax benefit

Change in net unrealized depreciation of
      investments included in other comprehensive
          loss

2022

2021

— $
7.4

7.4
(1.6)

(0.1)
(1.9)

(2.0)
0.4

5.8

$

(1.6)

$

$

22

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews its investment portfolio classified as available for sale for declines in value 
and specifically evaluates securities with fair values that have declined to less than 80% of their cost or amortized cost at the 
time of review. Declines in the fair value of investments that are determined to be temporary are recorded as unrealized 
depreciation, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income. If the Company determines that a decline relating to 
credit issues is “other-than-temporary,” the cost or amortized cost of the investment will be written down to the fair value, 
and a realized loss will be recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.  If the Company determines 
that  a  decline  related  to  other  factors  (e.g.,  interest  rates  or  market  conditions)  is  “other-than-temporary,”  the  cost  or 
amortized cost of the investment will be written down to the fair value within other comprehensive income.

In assessing the value of the Company’s debt securities that are classified as available for sale, and equity securities 
that are carried at equity, and possible impairments of such securities, the Company reviews (i) the issuer’s current financial 
position and disclosures related thereto, (ii) general and specific market and industry developments, (iii) the timely payment 
by the issuer of its principal, interest and other obligations, (iv) the outlook and expected financial performance of the issuer, 
(v)  current  and  historical  valuation  parameters  for  the  issuer  and  similar  companies,  (vi)  relevant forecasts, analyses  and 
recommendations by research analysts, rating agencies and investment advisors, and (vii) other information the Company 
may  consider  relevant.  Generally,  a  change  in  the  market  or  interest  rate  environment  would  not,  of  itself,  result  in  an 
impairment of an investment. In addition, the Company considers its ability and intent to hold the security to recovery when 
evaluating possible impairments.

The facts and circumstances involved in making a decision regarding an other-than-temporary impairment are those 
that  exist  at  that  time.  Should  the  facts  and  circumstances  change  such  that  an  other-than-temporary  impairment  is 
considered appropriate, the Company will recognize the impairment by reducing the cost, amortized cost or carrying value 
of the investment to its fair value and recording the loss in its consolidated statements of operations. Upon the disposition 
of a security where an “other-than-temporary” impairment has been taken, the Company will record a gain or loss based on 
the adjusted cost or carrying value of the investment.

The  Company  did  not  have  any  fixed  income  securities  at  fair  value  classified  as  available  for  sale  that  were  in  an 

unrealized depreciation position as of December 31, 2022 or 2021, respectively.

(d)

 Common Stocks, at Equity

The following table sets forth the components of common stocks, at equity, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Carrying Value

Goodwill and Other 
included in 
Carrying Value

Quoted 
Market Value

2022

2021

2022

2021

2022

2021

Relative 
Economic
Ownership
2022

$

Atlas Corporation
Eurobank Ergasias
Fairfax India Holdings Corp
Recipe Unlimited Corporation
Grivalia Hospitality S.A.
EXCO Resources, Inc.
Dexterra Group Inc.
Zenith National Insurance Corp.
Sigma Companies International Corp.
Helios Fairfax Partners Corporation.
2018296 Alberta ULC
Singapore Reinsurance Corp Ltd.
Peak Achievement Athletics Inc.
Sterling Roads Films
Farmers Edge Inc.
AGT Food and Ingredients, Inc.
Other

Total common stocks, at equity

$

804.6
489.2
187.2
173.1
147.3
85.3
50.2
42.9
24.9
23.9
18.6
14.6
11.5
2.0
1.0
—
—
2,076.3

$

$

557.3
430.4
175.5
134.8
—
58.9
55.4
44.2
21.0
30.9
25.5
14.9
11.8
2.0
18.4
3.8
0.2
1,585.0

$

$

122.4
240.2
(13.4)
37.9
17.1
(6.6)
14.1
3.9
—
—
—
(4.0)
0.5
—
—
0.1
—
412.2

$

$

77.0
229.2
—
100.7
—
(6.6)
15.1
3.9
—
—
—
(4.0)
0.5
—
4.3
0.1
—
420.2

$

$

823.7
471.5
130.6
—
—
—
44.3
—
—
33.8
—
—
—
—
1.5
—
—
1,505.4

$

$

582.7
424.5
108.5
101.6
—
—
74.7
—
—
37.8
—
—
—
—
18.4
—
—
1,348.2

19.7%
11.3%
7.7%
21.3%
28.3%
14.1%
16.9%
6.1%
41.9%
10.9%
27.3%
8.8%
3.8%
20.0%
17.5%
7.8%
0.0%

23

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Zenith  National  Insurance  Corp.,  Singapore  Reinsurance  Corporation  Limited,  and  2018296  Alberta  ULC  are  wholly-
owned  subsidiaries  of  Fairfax,  while  Fairfax  is  the  controlling  or  largest  shareholder  of  Grivalia  Hospitality  S.A.  (78.4%), 
Eurobank (32.2%), Atlas (43.3%), Fairfax India Holdings Corp. (34.7%), Recipe Unlimited Corporation ("Recipe") (75.7%), Helios 
Fairfax Partners Corporation (32.6%), Sigma Companies International Corp. (81.1%), AGT Food and Ingredients, Inc. (59.6%), 
EXCO Resources, Inc. (44.4%), Peak Achievement Athletics Inc. (42.6%), Farmers Edge Inc. (61.3%), Dexterra Group Inc (48.7%) 
and Sterling Road Films (20.0%).

The Company impaired its investment in Farmers Edge Inc. to its current market value on September 30, 2022 in the 
amount of $9.4m. The Company impaired its investment in Farmers Edge Inc. to its current market value on December 31, 
2021 in the amount of $75.3m.

On  October  28,  2022,  Fairfax  completed  the  privatization  of  Recipe.  The  shares  of  Recipe  were  delisted  from  the 

Toronto Stock Exchange on November 1, 2022. 

(e)

  Other Invested Assets

The following table shows the components of other invested assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Investment funds and partnerships, at fair value
Investment funds and partnerships, at equity
Real estate
Affiliate loans
Derivatives, at fair value
Mortgage loans
Benefit plan funds, at fair value
Other

Total other invested assets

2022

2021

705.2
76.7
279.6
123.1
54.6
740.7
22.9
40.7
2,043.5

$

$

737.4
55.8
286.1
129.3
41.1
569.9
24.9
26.9
1,871.4

$

$

The Company’s investment funds and partnership investments may be subject to restrictions on redemptions or sales, 
which  are  determined  by  the  governing  documents  thereof,  and  may  limit  the  Company’s  ability  to  liquidate  these 
investments in the short term. Due to a time lag in reporting by a majority of investment fund and partnership fund managers, 
valuations  for  these  investments  are  recorded  by  the  Company  on  a  one  month  or  one  quarter  lag.  For  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized net investment expense of $10.3m and $0.1m, respectively, from its 
investment funds and partnership investments. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized 
net realized investment gains of $16.7m and $255.4m, respectively, from its investment funds and partnerships that are held 
as  trading  securities.  With  respect  to  the  Company’s  $781.9m  in  investments  in  investment  funds  and  partnerships,  the 
Company has commitments that may require additional funding of up to $332.1m. 

The Company’s investments in real estate consist of land of $73.7m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Investments in 
buildings consist of $231.7m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, less depreciation of $25.8m and $19.3m as of December 31, 
2022 and 2021. 

The Company’s investments in mortgage loans consist of loans collateralized by commercial and residential property 
in  various  locations  in  Canada,  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  California,  Hawaii,  Washington,  Nebraska,  Utah,  Arizona,  Texas, 
Louisiana, New Mexico, Oregon, Illinois and Minnesota.

24

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(f)

Derivative Investments

The Company has utilized CPI-linked derivative contracts, total return swaps, forward currency contracts, U.S. Treasury 
bond forward contracts and various other contracts, to manage against adverse changes in the values of assets and liabilities. 
These  products  are  typically  not  directly  linked  to  specific  assets  or  liabilities  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  or  a 
forecasted transaction. The following tables set forth the Company’s derivative positions, which are included in other invested 
assets or other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

As of December 31, 2022
CPI-linked derivative contracts
Forward currency contracts
Equity warrants
Long total return swaps
U.S. Treasury bond forward contracts

Total

As of December 31, 2021
CPI-linked derivative contracts
Forward currency contracts
Long total return swaps
U.S. Treasury bond forward contracts
Equity warrants

Total

$

$

Exposure/
Notional 
Amount
16,457.4
1,122.3
187.7
81.0
20.8

Exposure/
Notional
Amount
17,052.0
1,407.4
64.7
66.8
22.4

Cost

Fair Value
Asset

Fair Value
Liability

$

$

$

$

66.2
—
30.5
—
—
96.7

66.2
—
—
—
2.3
68.5

$

$

$

$

— $

30.5
19.6
4.6
—
54.7

Fair Value
Asset

0.1
31.0
—
—
10.0
41.1

$

$

$

Cost

—
23.9
—
—
0.2
24.1

Fair Value
Liability

—
13.7
1.1
0.4
—
15.2

The Company held long position common stock total return swaps, with a total notional value of $81.0m and $64.7m 
as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  as  replications  of  investments  in  publicly-listed  common  stocks.    The 
common stock total return swaps, which are carried at fair value, are recorded in other invested assets or other liabilities 
based on the positive or negative value of the underlying contracts as of the financial statement date.  Changes in the fair 
value of common stock total return swaps are recorded as realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated statements 
of operations in the period in which they occur.

To reduce its exposure to interest rate risk, the Company holds forward contracts to sell long dated U.S. Treasury bonds. 
These contracts have an average term to maturity of less than one year and may be renewed at market rates.  The U.S. 
Treasury bond forward contracts are recorded at fair value in other invested assets or in other liabilities based on the positive 
or  negative  value  of  the  underlying  contracts  as  of  the  financial  statement  date,  with  the  related  changes  in  fair  value 
recognized as realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they 
occur.

As an economic hedge against the potential adverse impact on the Company of decreasing price levels in the economy, 
the Company has purchased derivative contracts referenced to consumer price indices (“CPI”) in various geographic regions 
in which the Company operates. These contracts had a remaining average life of 0.8 and 1.8 years as of December 31, 2022 
and 2021, respectively.  As the remaining life of a contract declines, the fair value of the contract (excluding the impact of CPI 
changes) will generally decline.  The initial premium paid for the contracts is recorded as a derivative asset and subsequently 
adjusted for changes in the unrealized fair value of the contracts at each balance sheet date.  Changes in the unrealized fair 
value of the contracts are recorded as realized gains or losses on investments in the Company’s consolidated statements of 
operations with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying value of the derivative asset.  In the event of a sale, expiration 
or early settlement of one of the Company’s CPI-linked derivative contracts, the Company would receive the fair value of that 
contract on the date of the transaction.  The Company’s maximum potential cash loss is limited to the premiums already paid 
to enter into the derivative contracts.

25

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The Company has entered into forward currency contracts to manage its foreign currency exchange rate risk on a macro 
basis.  Under a forward currency contract, the Company and the counterparty are obligated to purchase or sell an underlying 
currency at a specified price and time.  Forward currency contracts are recorded at fair value in other invested assets or other 
liabilities based on the positive or negative value of the underlying contracts as of the financial statement date, with the 
related changes in fair value recognized as realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations 
in the period in which they occur.

The  Company  had  investments  in  call  options,  which  are  contracts  that  grant  the  holder  the  right  (but  not  the 
obligation) to purchase a financial instrument at a specified price within a specific time period. Call options, which are included 
in other invested assets, are recorded at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized as realized investment gains or 
losses in the consolidated statement of operations in the period in which they occur.

The Company has investments in warrants, which are contracts that grant the holder the right (but not the obligation) 
to purchase an underlying financial instrument at a given price and time or at a series of prices and times. Warrants, which 
were included in other invested assets, are recorded at fair value, with the related changes in fair value recognized as realized 
investment gains or losses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they occur. 

The Company had investments in written put options, which are contracts that grant the holder the right (but not the 
obligation) to purchase a financial instrument at a specified price within a specific time period. Written put options, which 
were included in other liabilities, are recorded at fair value, with the changes in the fair value recognized as realized gains or 
losses in the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they occur.

The  Company  had  investments  in  put  options,  which  are  contracts  that  grant  the  holder  the  right  (but  not  the 
obligation) to sell a financial instrument at a specified price within a specific time period. Put options, which were included in 
other invested assets, are recorded at fair value, with the changes in the fair value recognized as realized gains or losses in 
the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which they occur.

Pursuant  to  the  agreements  governing  various  derivative  contracts,  the  fair  value  of  collateral  deposited  by  the 
Company with the contracts’ counterparties totaled $22.7m and $68.0m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, 
while the fair value of collateral deposited by various counterparties for the benefit of the Company was $30.3m and $24.4m 
as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Counterparties to the derivative instruments expose the Company to credit risk in the event of non-performance. The 
Company  believes  this  risk  is  low, given  the diversification of  the  placement  of  the  contracts among various  highly rated 
counterparties.  The credit risk exposure is reflected in the fair value of the derivative instruments.

26

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The net realized investment gains or losses on disposal of derivatives in the table below represent the total gains or 
losses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 from the purchase dates of the investments and have been reported 
in net realized investment gains in the consolidated statements of operations; the change in fair value presented consists of 
two components: (i) the reversal of the gain or loss recognized in previous years on securities sold and (ii) the change in fair 
value resulting from mark-to-market adjustments on contracts still outstanding:

2022

2021

CPI-linked derivative contracts:

Net realized investment losses on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment losses

Forward currency contracts:

Net realized investment gains (losses) on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment gains (losses)

U.S. Treasury bond forward contracts:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment gains

Long total return swaps:

Net realized investment (losses) gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses) gains

Warrants:

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment (losses) gains

Put options:

Net realized investment losses on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment losses

Put options - written

Net realized investment gains on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment gains

Call options:

Net realized investment losses on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment losses

Call options - written

Net realized investment gains on disposal

Total derivatives:

$

-
(0.1)
(0.1)

71.8
(11.4)
60.4

11.9
0.2
12.1

(29.2)
5.7
(23.5)

1.0
(18.4)
(17.4)

-
-
-

-
-
-

-
-
-

-

Net realized investment gains (losses) on disposal
Change in fair value

Net realized investment gains

55.5
(24.0)
31.5

$

$

(52.4)
52.1
(0.3)

(61.0)
54.2
(6.8)

5.9
(1.1)
4.8

86.8
(27.3)
59.5

-
7.8
7.8

(2.5)
2.5
-

1.6
(1.4)
0.2

(32.8)
29.2
(3.6)

2.5

(51.9)
116.0
64.1

27

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(g)

Crop-Related Derivative Instruments

The following table sets forth the Company's derivative positions for certain U.S. Crop-related products and related 
reinsurance on such contracts, as well as the instruments purchased and sold to hedge the Company's net exposure to losses 
from such contract, which are included in other assets or other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the changes 
in fair value of all such derivative instruments, which are included in loss and loss adjustment expenses in the consolidated 
statements of operations:

As of December 31, 2022
Company issued contracts
Government share of issued 
contracts
Hedging instruments:
   Purchased commodity options
   Written commodity options
      Total hedging

  Total crop-related derivative 
instruments

As of December 31, 2021
Company issued contracts
Government share of issued 
contracts
Hedging instruments:
   Purchased commodity options
   Written commodity options
      Total hedging

  Total crop-related derivative 
instruments

Exposure/
Notional
Amount

Cost

Fair Value
Asset

Fair Value
Liability

Pre-Tax Income 
Impact

$

— $

— $

39.1

$

(12.2)

$

20.8

—

1,894.6
(1,458.9)
435.7

—

87.0
(31.5)
55.5

5.9

78.6
—
78.6

(32.9)

—
(22.7)
(22.7)

—

(38.7)
29.3
(9.4)

$

55.5

$

123.6

$

(67.8)

$

11.4

Exposure/
Notional
Amount

Cost

Fair Value
Asset

Fair Value
Liability

Pre-Tax Income 
Impact

$

— $

— $

41.4

$

0.4

$

10.6

—

918.9
(742.9)
176.0

—

(0.3)

(31.9)

29.1
(10.5)
18.6

14.2
—
14.2

—
(6.4)
(6.4)

—

(42.6)
15.7
(26.9)

$

18.6

$

55.3

$

(37.9)

$

(16.3)

28

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

(h)

Assets on Deposit

The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support its insurance and 
reinsurance  operations.  These  requirements  are  generally  promulgated  in  the  statutes  and  regulations  of  the  individual 
jurisdictions.  The  assets  on  deposit  are  available  to  settle  insurance  and  reinsurance  liabilities.  For  certain  reinsurance 
contracts, derivative contracts and affiliate guarantees, the Company utilizes trust funds to collateralize its obligations or 
potential obligations to the ceding companies and counterparties. As of December 31, 2022, restricted assets supporting 
these deposits and trust fund requirements totaled $1.3 billion, as depicted in the following table:

Fixed
Income
Securities

Cash
Cash Equivalents
Short-term
Investments

Common
Stocks

Preferred
Stocks

Partnerships

Mortgage
Loans

Equity
Warrants

Total

Restricted Assets Relating to:

$

68.8

$

— $

— $

— $

— $

— $

— $

68.8

351.0

22.7

367.8

33.2

35.2

—

—

71.2

254.7

69.4
879.8

$

$

0.2
104.6

—
$ 289.9

$

—

—

5.2

—
5.2

$

—

—

22.3

—
22.3

$

—

—

6.0

—
6.0

$

—

—

1.9

—
1.9

419.4

22.7

729.1

69.6
1,309.7

$

U.S. regulatory
   requirements
Foreign regulatory
   /Lloyd's 
    requirements
Derivative collateral
   requirements
Reinsurance collateral
   requirements
Guarantee collateral
   requirements

Total

5. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table shows the components of the change in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred 

income taxes, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

2022

2021

$

(53.6) $

(47.9)

5.7
10.3
(36.9)

(47.2)
(40.0)
21.7
61.7
20.2

$

(52.0)

(53.6)

(1.6)
(9.0)
10.3

19.3
(68.5)
(40.0)
28.5
46.2

$

$

$

(83.3) $
20.2

(129.5)
46.2

(63.1) $

(83.3)

Beginning balance of unrealized depreciation on securities
Ending balance of unrealized net depreciation on

   securities
Current period change in unrealized net depreciation
   on securities

Beginning balance of foreign currency translation on securities
Ending balance of foreign currency translation adjustments
Current period change in foreign currency translation 
    adjustments

Beginning balance of benefit plan liabilities on securities
Ending balance of benefit plan liabilities

Current period change in benefit plan liabilities

Other comprehensive income

Beginning balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss
Other comprehensive income

Ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive 
    loss

29

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The  following  table  shows  the  components  of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  and  the  related  deferred 

income taxes on each component, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Gross:

Unrealized depreciation on securities
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Benefit plan liabilities
    Total accumulated other comprehensive loss, 
       gross of deferred income taxes

Deferred taxes:

Unrealized appreciation on securities
Foreign currency translation adjustments
Benefit plan liabilities
    Total deferred taxes on accumulated
       other comprehensive income

2022

2021

$

(60.5)
(46.7)
27.3

(67.8)
13.0
(50.7)

(79.9)

$

(105.5)

$

12.6
9.8
(5.6)

16.8

$

14.2
(2.7)
10.7

22.2

$

$

$

$

The following table shows the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income 

(loss), for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Balance, January 1, 2021

Amounts arising during the period

Reclassification adjustment included in
   net income

Net other comprehensive (loss) income
Balance, December 31, 2021
Amounts arising during the period

Reclassification adjustment included in
   net income

Net other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance, December 31, 2022

Unrealized
Gains and 
Losses on 
Securities

Foreign
Currency
Items

Benefit Plan
Items

(52.0) $
(50.5)

(9.0) $
19.1

(68.5) $
27.9

48.9
(1.6)
(53.6)
(22.3)

0.2
19.3
10.3
(47.2)

0.6
28.5
(40.0)
67.8

28.0
5.7
(47.9) $

—
(47.2)
(36.9) $

(6.1)
61.7
21.7

$

$

$

Total

(129.5)
(3.5)

49.7
46.2
(83.3)
(1.7)

21.9
20.2
(63.1)

30

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The  following  table  shows  the  significant  amounts  reclassified  out  of  each  component  of  accumulated  other 

comprehensive income for the years ended of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Details about Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income Components

Amount Reclassified from
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (a)

2022

2021

Affected Line Item in the
Consolidated Statement of Operations
Where Net Income is Presented

Unrealized net depreciation (appreciation)
 of securities:

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

— $
—

— $

— $

—

— $

61.9
(13.0)

48.9

Net realized investment gains (losses)
Total federal and foreign
income tax (benefit) provision
Net income

0.2

Net realized investment gains (losses)

Total federal and foreign
income tax (benefit) provision
Net gain

0.2

3.2

$

11.8

Other underwriting expenses (b)

(11.0)

(7.8)

1.7

(6.1) $

(11.0)

Other underwriting expenses (b)

0.8

(0.2)

0.6

Gain before federal and foreign
income tax benefit
Total federal and foreign
income tax benefit
Net gain

(6.2) $

49.7

Foreign currency translations:

Amortization of benefit plan items:

Net actuarial gain

Prior service income

Total reclassifications

(a)
(b)

Amounts in parentheses indicate increases to the indicated line item of the consolidated statements of operations.
These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit 
plan costs (see Note 14 for additional details).

6. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Estimates of reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, which relate to loss events that have occurred 
on or before the balance sheet date, are contingent on many assumptions that may or may not occur in the future. The 
estimates  reflect  assumptions  regarding  initial  expectations  of  losses  and  patterns  of  loss  reporting,  both  for  claims  with 
higher frequency and lower severity as well as for claims with lower frequency and higher severity associated with individual 
large loss events, such as earthquakes, windstorms, and floods. The eventual outcome of these loss events may be different 
from the assumptions underlying the Company’s reserve estimates. When the business environment and loss trends diverge 
from expected trends, the Company may have to adjust its reserves accordingly, potentially resulting in adverse or favorable 
effects to the Company’s financial results. The Company believes that the recorded estimate represents the best estimate of 
unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses based on the information available as of December 31, 2022. The estimate is 
reviewed on a quarterly basis and the ultimate liability may be greater or less than the amounts provided, for which any 
adjustments will be reflected in the periods in which they become known.

The Company’s estimate of ultimate loss is determined based on a review of the results of several commonly accepted 
actuarial projection methodologies incorporating the quantitative and qualitative information described above. The specific 
methodologies the Company utilizes in its loss reserve review process include, but may not be limited to (i) incurred and paid 
loss  development  methods,  (ii)  incurred  and  paid  Bornhuetter  Ferguson  (“BF”)  methods  and  (iii)  loss  ratio  methods.  The 
incurred and paid loss development methods utilize loss development patterns derived from historical loss emergence trends 

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

usually based on cedant/insured claim information to determine ultimate loss. These methods assume that the ratio of losses 
in one period to losses in an earlier period will remain constant in the future. Loss ratio methods multiply expected loss ratios, 
derived from aggregated analyses of internally developed pricing trends, by earned premium to determine ultimate loss. The 
incurred and paid BF methods are a blend of the loss development and loss ratio methods. These methods utilize both loss 
development patterns, as well as expected loss ratios, to determine ultimate loss. When using the BF methods, the initial 
treaty year ultimate loss is based predominantly on expected loss ratios. As loss experience matures, the estimate of ultimate 
loss using this methodology is based predominantly on loss development patterns. The Company generally does not utilize 
methodologies that are dependent on claim counts reported, claim counts settled or claim counts open. Due to the nature 
of  the  Company’s  business,  this  information  is  not  routinely  provided  for  every  treaty/program.  Consequently,  actuarial 
methods utilizing this information generally cannot be relied upon by the Company in its loss reserve estimation process. As 
a result, for much of the Company’s business, the separate analysis of frequency and severity of loss activity underlying overall 
loss emergence trends is not practical. Generally, the Company relies on BF and loss ratio methods for estimating ultimate 
loss  liabilities  for  more  recent  treaty  years.  These  methodologies,  at  least  in  part,  apply  a  loss  ratio,  determined  from 
aggregated  analyses  of  internally  developed  pricing  trends  across  reserve  cells,  to  premium  earned  on  that  business. 
Adjustments to premium estimates generate appropriate adjustments to ultimate loss estimates in the quarter in which they 
occur, using the BF and loss ratio methods. To estimate losses for more mature treaty years, the Company generally relies on 
the incurred loss development methodology, which does not rely on premium estimates. In addition, the Company may use 
other methods to estimate liabilities for specific types of claims. For property catastrophe losses, the Company may utilize 
vendor catastrophe models to estimate ultimate loss soon after a loss occurs, where loss information is not yet reported to 
the Company from cedants/insureds. Incurred but not reported reserves are determined by subtracting the total of paid loss 
and case reserves, including additional case reserves, from ultimate loss.

The Company completes comprehensive loss reserve reviews, which include a reassessment of loss development and 
expected loss ratio assumptions, on an annual basis. The Company completed this year’s annual review in the fourth quarter 
of  2022.  The  results  of  these  reviews  are  reflected  in  the  period  in  which  they  are  completed.  Quarterly,  the  Company 
compares actual loss emergence to expectations established by the comprehensive loss reserve review process. In the event 
that loss trends diverge from expected trends, the Company may have to adjust its reserves for losses and loss adjustment 
expenses  (“LAE”)  accordingly.  Any  adjustments  will  be  reflected  in  the  periods  in  which  they  become  known,  potentially 
resulting in adverse or favorable effects to our financial results. The Company believes that the recorded estimate represents 
the best estimate of unpaid losses and LAE based on the information available at December 31, 2022. The Company’s most 
significant assumptions underlying its estimate of losses and LAE reserves are as follows: (i) that historical loss emergence 
trends are indicative of future loss development trends; (ii) that internally developed pricing trends provide a reasonable 
basis for determining loss ratio expectations for recent underwriting years; and (iii) that no provision is made for extraordinary 
future emergence of new classes of loss or types of loss that are not sufficiently represented in its historical database or that 
are not yet quantifiable if not in its database.

32

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

U.S. Casualty Reinsurance

The  following  tables  present  i)  incurred  loss  and  allocated  loss  adjustment  expenses  (net  of  reinsurance),  ii)  total 
incurred but not reported ("IBNR") liabilities plus expected development on reported loss and iii) cumulative paid loss and 
allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance) for the U.S. Casualty Reinsurance line of business for the year ended 
and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022
Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$ 173.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 179.3
185.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 185.5
191.0
189.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 188.5
193.2
189.5
202.3
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 185.4
194.2
193.1
206.6
225.2
—
—
—
—
—

$ 171.5
188.4
194.1
208.3
230.1
259.9
—
—
—
—

$ 160.5
180.6
191.8
214.8
236.8
271.9
266.0
—
—
—

$ 157.3
176.1
187.9
212.4
242.9
286.0
282.1
282.1
—
—

$ 157.9
177.3
191.5
215.8
250.7
300.2
291.3
280.9
407.2
—

$ 159.3
181.3
198.5
229.5
269.5
316.9
306.7
287.7
419.7
509.3

$

15.5
15.0
15.8
16.3
32.5
66.8
97.0
131.8
300.7
434.1

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$ 2,878.4

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$

$

$

$

10.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

17.0
13.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

46.5
30.9
11.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

70.3
52.3
29.3
18.1
—
—
—
—
—
—

89.4
74.7
56.2
44.2
19.9
—
—
—
—
—

$

102.7
92.2
79.2
68.9
42.2
30.5
—
—
—
—

$

111.9
107.4
111.8
102.6
78.3
63.4
24.4
—
—
—

$

121.3
122.2
135.0
136.2
121.9
108.2
69.0
19.8
—
—

$

125.1
138.9
142.9
152.7
152.0
145.6
106.5
65.7
28.1
—

$

131.1
146.2
153.4
173.6
181.8
183.3
147.6
107.9
72.9
38.9

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

1,336.7
2,878.4
141.5

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 1,683.2

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

7.4%

10.9%

13.7%

12.6%

11.8%

9.0%

6.2%

5.1%

2.9%

2.6%

33

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

U.S. Property Reinsurance

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance), ii) total IBNR 
liabilities plus expected development on reported loss and iii) cumulative paid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses 
(net of reinsurance) for the U.S. Property Reinsurance line of business for the year ended and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022
Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$ 220.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 219.9
153.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 208.2
156.0
147.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 197.4
142.4
142.8
141.7
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 190.1
139.2
135.0
137.8
307.8
—
—
—
—
—

$ 190.0
138.7
134.5
136.7
272.0
313.8
—
—
—
—

$ 189.7
138.6
133.9
137.0
290.8
290.4
252.8
—
—
—

$ 188.2
139.0
133.9
138.0
292.3
245.4
245.8
376.6
—
—

$ 188.2
139.1
133.9
138.2
287.0
236.1
235.5
389.5
445.2
—

$ 188.1
139.2
134.0
139.1
284.4
231.6
234.4
383.2
427.7
864.2

$

0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
1.1
2.4
16.6
73.8
526.5

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$ 3,025.9

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

$

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

$

$

85.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

144.0
53.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

170.8
97.0
65.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

182.0
124.6
100.7
48.5
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

184.2
133.0
117.2
117.9
93.8
—
—
—
—
—

184.8
135.3
125.8
122.1
238.0
78.4
—
—
—
—

$

186.4
136.5
129.9
132.3
284.6
216.8
55.0
—
—
—

$

187.0
137.3
131.4
135.2
286.3
219.7
207.9
115.2
—
—

187.2
137.8
132.3
137.3
275.7
214.2
217.0
265.6
126.5
—

$

187.6
138.3
133.2
138.1
280.6
220.1
223.2
327.8
264.4
226.1

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

2,139.4
3,025.9
2.8

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$

889.3

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

31.3%

45.1%

14.9%

4.7%

0.8%

1.6%

0.6%

0.3%

0.2%

0.3%

34

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Non-U.S. Casualty Reinsurance

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance), ii) total IBNR 
liabilities plus expected development on reported loss and iii) cumulative paid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses 
(net of reinsurance) for the Non-U.S. Casualty Reinsurance line of business for the year ended and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022
Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$

$

$

$

90.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

87.9
80.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

88.7
82.1
79.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

88.5
86.8
80.1
86.6
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

77.8
92.3
97.6
92.8
116.3
—
—
—
—
—

$

74.8
91.1
96.2
98.1
118.8
132.6
—
—
—
—

$

70.2
82.3
87.1
91.1
116.3
130.3
162.7
—
—
—

$

69.6
81.8
84.5
88.5
115.4
129.8
160.5
164.3
—
—

$

66.5
79.1
78.0
82.8
109.2
128.7
161.7
165.1
184.6
—

$

64.1
76.1
75.4
81.3
103.6
125.3
163.1
169.6
189.3
251.0

$

5.5
5.7
7.6
9.6
11.7
20.6
48.8
75.1
105.2
190.6

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$ 1,298.8

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

$

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

11.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

20.4
8.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

25.2
18.9
7.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

28.8
24.6
17.2
8.2
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

33.0
29.4
23.7
21.9
9.9
—
—
—
—
—

$

35.8
33.5
27.6
28.5
23.4
13.2
—
—
—
—

$

40.0
37.9
31.9
33.4
33.9
31.0
16.3
—
—
—

$

42.4
40.6
35.1
38.7
41.9
44.5
35.0
15.1
—
—

$

43.3
42.2
38.2
42.9
48.1
52.6
53.3
33.6
13.5
—

44.2
44.8
42.0
47.6
54.4
60.4
65.1
51.8
43.1
14.5

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

467.9
1,298.8
205.5

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 1,036.4

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

9.1%

14.2%

9.9%

7.2%

6.3%

4.7%

4.6%

2.7%

4.1%

6.1%

35

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Non-U.S. Property Reinsurance

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance), ii) total IBNR 
liabilities plus expected development on reported loss and iii) cumulative paid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses 
(net of reinsurance) for the Non-U.S. Property Reinsurance line of business for the year ended and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022
Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$ 355.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 326.6
345.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 302.8
311.5
350.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 290.6
285.8
262.5
354.7
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 275.4
266.3
244.2
351.0
371.8
—
—
—
—
—

$ 269.9
259.3
229.7
327.4
342.8
381.6
—
—
—
—

$ 269.8
255.4
224.1
318.1
330.5
369.3
473.1
—
—
—

$ 266.6
252.6
220.5
312.7
324.8
358.1
423.9
561.8
—
—

$ 267.3
251.7
220.3
309.8
313.8
351.2
421.2
580.7
626.1
—

$ 266.9
251.3
218.5
306.6
310.4
348.7
407.2
541.9
605.7
705.3

$

1.9
2.9
4.3
4.7
5.9
7.1
18.7
81.5
96.1
352.3

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$ 3,962.5

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

$

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

$

$

48.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

155.0
64.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

214.7
165.8
50.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

237.3
211.3
147.0
58.3
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

248.6
225.4
177.3
184.9
59.3
—
—
—
—
—

254.9
233.3
187.3
226.7
188.6
48.2
—
—
—
—

$

$

258.5
237.2
199.4
251.4
251.5
188.5
52.3
—
—
—

260.4
240.1
205.3
262.7
277.2
248.8
222.7
82.7
—
—

261.2
240.8
207.1
270.1
278.3
275.0
291.3
245.1
102.5
—

$

261.2
241.5
208.3
275.0
289.4
286.5
317.0
355.9
314.2
99.7

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

2,648.7
3,962.5
41.5

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 1,355.3

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

16.8%

38.8%

19.0%

9.4%

4.7%

4.2%

1.2%

2.3%

0.7%

1.0%

36

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

U.S. Casualty Insurance

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance), ii) total IBNR 
liabilities plus expected development on reported loss, iii) cumulative number of reported loss (determined by the number 
of events, not claimants, regardless of whether or not any payments were ultimately made) and iv) cumulative paid loss and 
allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance) for the U.S. Casualty Insurance line of business for the year ended 
and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022

Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$ 246.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 243.6
294.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 239.8
275.3
287.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 219.1
269.9
286.7
278.5
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 208.9
259.3
278.2
278.0
341.7
—
—
—
—
—

$ 208.0
252.4
258.9
263.8
356.7
458.3
—
—
—
—

$ 206.9
243.1
250.8
244.7
349.5
476.2
541.7
—
—
—

$ 206.1
239.0
246.2
238.7
328.9
464.9
546.4
585.8
—
—

$ 204.6
238.2
245.3
240.5
328.0
452.3
533.8
577.5
647.3
—

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$

$ 204.8
238.3
247.9
249.5
341.1
468.5
536.8
562.8
635.4
740.7

$4,225.8

2.3
2.9
3.1
3.8
4.6
17.1
79.4
176.7
329.3
592.0

23,017
29,567
27,676
18,928
17,909
19,023
18,661
16,446
13,417
9,424

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

$

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

53.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

88.3
59.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

$

130.3
94.9
66.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

163.9
143.2
103.0
59.7
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

176.6
177.8
155.0
100.6
60.0
—
—
—
—
—

188.3
209.9
196.1
154.2
118.6
74.2
—
—
—
—

$

$

$

194.1
221.2
217.7
187.6
191.3
177.5
91.5
—
—
—

195.9
225.5
224.9
207.5
249.5
271.4
191.7
95.1
—
—

198.7
229.1
231.0
218.4
281.0
336.0
292.3
185.6
67.2
—

200.4
232.8
236.7
231.8
308.6
401.2
384.3
288.9
195.1
64.0

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

2,543.8
4,225.8
4.7

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$ 1,686.7

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

16.4%

19.6%

21.1%

17.0%

11.2%

5.3%

3.2%

1.9%

1.6%

0.4%

37

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

U.S. Property Insurance 

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance), ii) total IBNR 
liabilities plus expected development on reported loss, iii) cumulative number of reported loss (determined by the number 
of events, not claimants, regardless of whether or not any payments were ultimately made) and iv) cumulative paid loss and 
allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance) for the U.S. Property Insurance line of business for the year ended 
and as of December 31, 2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022

Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

Cumulative
Number of
Reported
Claims

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$ 212.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 204.0
227.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 197.5
233.1
187.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 197.1
232.2
197.5
221.6
—
—
—
—
—
—

$ 196.4
231.4
195.1
209.6
230.7
—
—
—
—
—

$ 196.4
230.9
194.3
205.7
224.1
289.1
—
—
—
—

$ 196.3
229.5
193.9
205.6
221.8
267.6
374.7
—
—
—

$ 196.4
229.5
194.0
205.2
221.4
267.2
371.9
360.4
—
—

$ 196.2
229.4
193.9
206.0
221.2
265.9
370.9
358.5
395.3
—

$ 196.0
229.3
193.9
205.9
221.2
265.9
371.0
357.1
386.2
528.2

$

—
—
—
—
—
—
0.7
1.1
3.5
80.9

10,604
12,402
13,916
14,008
19,611
25,128
30,462
32,435
31,906
32,566

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$2,954.7

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

$

$

$

101.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

190.1
80.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

192.0
221.2
77.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

194.4
228.8
181.6
75.3
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

196.0
230.6
193.6
199.4
77.4
—
—
—
—
—

196.1
230.5
193.5
203.2
208.7
113.1
—
—
—
—

$

$

196.1
229.2
193.6
204.1
217.1
259.6
205.9
—
—
—

196.1
229.2
193.7
204.2
219.4
263.5
358.9
194.8
—
—

196.0
229.2
193.7
205.2
220.1
263.5
364.3
342.5
182.3
—

$

196.0
229.2
193.8
205.2
220.4
264.3
365.5
349.2
370.1
348.5

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

2,742.2
2,954.7
0.5

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$

213.0

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

49.3%

46.8%

2.5%

0.7%

0.4%

0.1%

0.1%

0.1%

0.0%

0.0%

38

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Non-U.S. Casualty Insurance

The following tables present i) incurred loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses (net of reinsurance) and  ii) total 
IBNR  liabilities  plus  expected  development  on  reported  loss  and  iii)  cumulative  paid  loss  and  allocated  loss  adjustment 
expenses (net of reinsurance) for the Non-U.S. Casualty Insurance line of business for the year ended and as of December 31, 
2022:

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

Accident
Year

2013

2014

2015

2016

(unaudited)
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

As of
December 31, 2022
Total of IBNR
Liabilities Plus
Expected
Development on
Reported Losses

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

$

$

$

$

86.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

83.2
87.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

83.5
87.6
88.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

84.7
85.9
86.0
82.2
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

83.3
83.6
84.5
77.7
93.2
—
—
—
—
—

$

87.3
77.4
76.6
80.6
93.8
106.1
—
—
—
—

$

81.5
77.2
79.5
78.8
90.0
104.7
143.4
—
—
—

$

81.6
77.3
80.8
75.3
86.7
105.1
143.8
167.3
—
—

$

84.5
76.0
79.0
72.2
83.5
103.0
144.6
167.6
209.2
—

$

82.3
75.1
78.3
76.3
84.3
100.9
143.0
166.9
210.1
223.3

8.4
14.3
18.4
18.9
23.9
23.9
53.8
98.0
172.5
200.6

Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses

$ 1,240.5

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance
For the Years Ended December 31,

$

Accident
Year

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

(unaudited)

$

5.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

9.4
5.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

17.4
12.2
4.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

25.6
19.9
9.0
3.5
—
—
—
—
—
—

$

35.7
32.5
19.4
10.7
4.3
—
—
—
—
—

$

41.8
37.7
26.6
18.4
13.0
5.2
—
—
—
—

$

47.8
44.2
34.1
24.7
21.1
20.8
14.0
—
—
—

$

56.9
47.4
41.7
37.3
30.6
35.4
35.8
12.9
—
—

$

64.4
51.6
47.1
45.6
40.5
46.6
53.6
34.2
14.1
—

66.8
54.6
49.2
48.8
47.1
56.3
63.8
45.0
27.0
16.4

Total paid loss and loss adjustment expenses
Total incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses
Outstanding liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2013

475.0
1,240.5
41.1

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

$

806.6

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses by Age,
Net of Reinsurance

In Year:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Average of 
each year

6.9%

10.0%

11.6%

10.6%

9.5%

7.0%

5.6%

5.7%

8.6%

5.3%

39

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The reconciliation of the net incurred and paid claims development tables (preceding) to the liability for unpaid losses 

and loss adjustment expenses in the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:

 Net unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses:

 U.S. Casualty Reinsurance
 U.S. Property Reinsurance
 Non-U.S. Casualty Reinsurance
 Non-U.S. Property Reinsurance
 U.S. Casualty Insurance
 U.S. Property Insurance
 Non-U.S. Casualty Insurance
 Unallocated loss adjustment expenses
 Workers' compensation discount
 Other
 Effect of foreign exchange rates

 Total unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses:

 U.S. Casualty Reinsurance
 U.S. Property Reinsurance
 Non-U.S. Casualty Reinsurance
 Non-U.S. Property Reinsurance
 U.S. Casualty Insurance
 U.S. Property Insurance
 Non-U.S. Casualty Insurance
 Unallocated loss adjustment expenses
 Effect of foreign exchange rates
 Other

 Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses

$

December 31,
2022

1,683.2
889.3
1,036.4
1,355.3
1,686.7
213.0
806.6
123.5
(30.0)
207.3
(85.8)
7,885.5

8.3
15.8
0.2
100.0
503.9
124.0
340.2
0.3
(12.2)
128.4
1,208.9

 Total gross unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

$

9,094.4

40

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The following table sets forth the activity in the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses for the years 

ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Gross unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses,
   beginning of year
Less: Ceded unpaid losses and loss adjustment
   expenses, beginning of year

Net unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses,
   beginning of year

Add: Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total net incurred losses and loss adjustment 
   expenses

Less: Net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses related to:

Current year
Prior years

Total net paid losses and loss adjustment
   expenses

Effect of exchange rate changes

Acquired unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, end of year
Add: Ceded unpaid losses and loss adjustment
   expenses, end of year

Gross unpaid losses and loss adjustment
   expenses, end of year

2022

2021

$

7,795.4

$

6,844.6

1,059.4

6,736.0

3,950.6
(49.9)

1,047.8

5,796.8

3,100.9
(120.1)

3,900.7

2,980.8

837.3
1,761.8

2,599.1

580.0
1,353.0

1,933.0

(152.1)

(109.5)

-

7,885.5

1,208.9

0.9

6,736.0

1,059.4

$

9,094.4

$

7,795.4

Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the current year were $3,950.6m and $3,100.9m for the 
years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for the 
year ended December 31, 2022 was principally related to increased losses associated with premium growth. For the years 
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, current year property catastrophe losses were $451.4m and $446.0m, respectively. For 
the year ended December 31, 2022, current year property catastrophe losses included $126.1m related to Hurricane Ian, 
$85.0m related to France Hailstorms, $25.4m related to Windstorm Eunice and $18.4m related to South Africa Floods. For 
the year ended December 31, 2021, current year property catastrophe losses included $137.9m related to Germany Flood 
Bernd, $77.8m related to Hurricane Ida, $49.1m related to Texas Windstorm and $18.6m related to Storm Volker.

Net incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to prior years included reductions in loss estimates of $49.9m 
and $120.1m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The reduction in prior years’ incurred losses 
and loss adjustment expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was principally attributable to decreased loss estimates 
on property catastrophe losses. The reduction in prior years’ incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 was attributable to decreased loss estimates due to loss emergence lower than expectations in most 
regions and lines of business. The decrease in the prior year reduction to incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses for 
the year ended December 31, 2022 was principally related to U.S. Casualty Reinsurance and U.S. Casualty Insurance lines of 
business.

41

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Net paid losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the current year were $837.3m and $580.0m for the years 
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The increase in current year paid losses and loss adjustment expenses for 
the year ended December 31, 2022 was principally due increased payments on U.S. Property Insurance and U.S. Property 
Reinsurance lines of business. The increases in paid losses and loss adjustment expenses for the year ended December 31, 
2021 was principally due to increased payments on current year catastrophe losses. 

The  effects  of  exchange  rate  changes  on  net  unpaid  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  resulted  in  decreases  of 
$152.1m and $109.5m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and were attributable to Non-U.S. 
Reinsurance and Non-U.S. Insurance lines business.

Ceded unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses were $1,208.9m and $1,059.4m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively. The increase in ceded unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 
principally attributable to U.S. Casualty Insurance business. The increase in ceded unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 
for the year ended December 31, 2021 was principally attributable to Insurance business, largely offset by reduction in ceded 
property catastrophe reserves. 

The Company uses tabular reserving for workers’ compensation indemnity loss reserves, which are considered to be 
fixed and determinable, and discounts such reserves using an interest rate of 3.5%.  Workers’ compensation indemnity loss 
reserves  have  been  discounted  using  the  Life  Table  for  Total  Population:  United  States,  2009.  Reserves  reported  at  the 
discounted value were $42.9m and $44.6m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount of case reserve 
discount was $13.0m and $13.6m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The amount of incurred but not reported 
reserve discount was $17.0m and $17.2m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company is not materially exposed to asbestos and environmentally-related liabilities and does not establish a 

specific reserve for such exposures.

7. Reinsurance and Retrocessions

The Company utilizes reinsurance and retrocessional agreements to reduce and spread the risk of loss on its insurance 
and reinsurance business and to limit exposure to multiple claims arising from a single occurrence. The Company is subject 
to  accumulation  risk  with respect  to  catastrophic  events  involving  multiple  treaties,  facultative  certificates  and  insurance 
policies. To protect against these risks, the Company purchases catastrophe excess of loss protection. The retention, the level 
of capacity purchased, the geographical scope of the coverage and the costs vary from year to year. Additionally, the Company 
purchases specific protections related to the insurance business underwritten in both the U.S. and abroad.

There is credit risk with respect to reinsurance, which would result in the Company recording a charge to earnings in 
the event that such reinsuring companies are unable, at some later date, to meet their obligations under the reinsurance 
agreements  in  force.  Reinsurance  recoverables  are  recorded  as  assets  and  a  reserve  for  uncollectible  reinsurance 
recoverables is established based on the Company’s evaluation of each reinsurer’s or retrocessionaire’s ability to meet its 
obligations under the agreements. Premiums written and earned are stated net of reinsurance ceded in the consolidated 
statements of operations. Direct, reinsurance assumed, reinsurance ceded and net amounts for the years ended December 
31, 2022 and 2021 follow:

Premiums Written

Direct
Add: assumed
Less: ceded

Net

Premiums Earned

Direct
Add: assumed
Less: ceded

Net

Year Ended December 31,

2022

2021

$

$

$

$

3,041.7
3,768.3
902.0
5,908.0

2,953.1
3,592.1
878.9
5,666.3

$

$

$

$

2,904.6
2,841.7
896.9
4,849.4

2,620.6
2,447.1
821.8
4,245.9

42

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

8. Reinsurance Recoverables

The  total  amount  of  recoverable  from  reinsurers  is  $2,212.4m  consist  of  reinsurance  recoverable  on  paid  losses  of 
$627.0m  and  $254.3m,  reinsurance  recoverable  on  unpaid  losses  of  $1,208.9m  and  $1,059.4m  and  prepaid  reinsurance 
premiums  of  $376.5m  and  $357.2m,  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively.  The  reserve  for  uncollectible 
reinsurance recoverable was $9.6m and $9.0m, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and has been netted against 
recoverable from reinsurers in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s ten largest reinsurers represent 72.3% of its total reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2022. 
Amounts due from all other reinsurers are diversified, with no other individual reinsurer representing more than $31.0m, or 
1.7%, of reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2022, and the average balance is less than $2.9m. The Company held 
total collateral of $231.9m as of December 31, 2022, representing 12.6% of total reinsurance recoverables. The following 
table shows the total amount as of December 31, 2022 that is recoverable from each of the Company’s ten largest reinsurers 
for paid and unpaid losses, the amount of collateral held and each reinsurer’s A.M. Best rating:

Reinsurer
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Lloyd's Syndicates (excluding Brit PLC Syndicate 2987)
CRC Reinsurance Limited
Hannover Rueck SE
Everest Reinsurance Co (USA)
Berkley Insurance Company
Markel Global Reinsurance Company
Swiss Reinsurance America Corporation
XL Re Europe SE
Partner Reinsurance Company of US

Sub-total

All other

Total

Reinsurance
Recoverable

602.3
239.9
125.8
76.5
76.0
55.0
49.6
38.7
31.6
31.2
1,326.6
509.3
1,835.9

$

$

A.M. 
Best
Rating
NR
A
NR
A+
A+
A+
A
A+
A+
A+

% of
Total

Collateral
—
4.1
125.8  
0.3
—
—
—
—
5.5
0.7
136.4
95.5
100.0% $ 231.9

32.9%
13.1
6.9
4.2
4.1
3.0
2.7
2.1
1.7
1.7
72.3
27.7

Several individual reinsurers are part of the same corporate group. The following table shows the five largest aggregate 
amounts that are recoverable from all individual entities that form part of the same corporate group as of December 31, 2022 
and the amount of collateral held from each group:

Reinsurer
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Lloyd's Syndicates (excluding Brit PLC Syndicate 2987)
Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd.
Everest Reinsurance
Hannover

Sub-total

All other

Total

Reinsurance
Recoverable
602.3
$
239.9
227.2
104.4
77.7
1,251.5
584.4
1,835.9

$

% of
Total

Collateral

32.9%
13.1
12.3
5.7
4.2
68.2
31.8

100.0% $

—
4.1
156.3
3.6
1.5
165.5
66.4
231.9

Collateral  held  for  reinsurance  recoverable  on  paid  and  unpaid  losses  was  $191.0m,  or  14.5%  of  the  reinsurance 

recoverable balance, as of December 31, 2021.

43

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The Company is the beneficiary of letters of credit, cash and other forms of collateral to secure certain amounts due 

from its reinsurers. Collateral held by the Company as of December 31, 2022 was comprised of the following forms:

Form of Collateral
Trust agreements
Funds withheld from reinsurers
Letters of credit

Total

Collateral

% of
Recoverables

$

$

14.6
165.0
52.3
231.9

0.8%
8.9
2.9
12.6%

Each reinsurance contract between the Company and the reinsurer describes the losses that are covered under the 
contract and terms upon which payments are to be made. The Company often has the ability to utilize collateral to settle 
unpaid  balances  due  under  its  reinsurance  contracts  when  it  determines  that  the  reinsurer  has  not  met  its  contractual 
obligations. Letters of credit are for the sole benefit of the Company to support the obligations of the reinsurer, providing the 
Company with the unconditional ability, in its sole discretion, to draw upon the letters of credit in support of any unpaid 
amounts due under the relevant contracts. Cash and investments supporting funds withheld from reinsurers are included in 
the Company’s invested assets. Funds withheld from reinsurers are typically used to automatically offset payments due to 
the Company in accordance with the terms of the relevant reinsurance contracts. Amounts held under trust agreements are 
typically comprised of cash and investment grade fixed income securities and are not included in the Company’s invested 
assets. The ability of the Company to draw upon funds held under trust agreements to satisfy any unpaid amounts due under 
the relevant reinsurance contracts is typically unconditional and at the sole discretion of the Company.

9. Common Shares and Non-Controlling Interest – Preferred Shares of Subsidiaries

Common Shares

The issued share capital of the Company consists of the following (in thousands):

Class A shares 5,744 shares outstanding
Class B shares 51,752 shares outstanding
Share capital at the end of the period

December 31,
2022

December 31,
2021

$

$

— $
1.0
1.0

$

—
1.0
1.0

The company did not issue any common shares during the year ended December 31, 2022.

On December 15, 2021, the Company issued Class A shares to co-investors which gives them a direct ownership in the 
Company. In addition, the Company’s original common shares were exchanged for Class B shares. The par value of the Class 
A and Class B shares is $0.01 per common share.

The Company received a capital contribution of $50.0m from OUSHI during the first quarter of 2021. No common shares 

were issued in exchange for the capital contribution.

The Company declared and paid dividends of $115.0m of which $7.4m was non-cash during the year ended December 

31, 2022. The Company declared and paid dividends of $1,100.0m during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Non-Controlling Interest – Preferred Shares of Subsidiaries

TIG Insurance Company (“TIG”), a Fairfax affiliate, holds all 23,807 shares of Hudson’s 5.5% Series A preferred stock 
with a liquidation preference of $1.0 thousand per share and an aggregate book value of $23.8m, and all 5,492 shares of 
Greystone’s 5.5% Series A preferred stock, with a liquidation preference of $1.0 thousand per share and an aggregate book 
value of $5.5m. The shares are not redeemable by Hudson or Greystone prior to January 1, 2031. On or after January 1, 2031, 
the shares are redeemable, in whole or in part, by Hudson or Greystone. On October 5, 2022, Hudson’s Board of Directors 
declared a preferred dividend to TIG in the amount $1.3m, which was paid on October 21, 2022. Greystone Board of Directors 
did not declare or pay a preferred dividend to TIG in the year ended December 31, 2022. On October 5, 2021, Greystone’s 
Board of Directors declared a preferred dividend to TIG in the amount of $0.3m, which was paid on October 21, 2021 and 
Hudson’s Board of Directors declared a preferred dividend to TIG in the amount $1.3m, which was paid on October 21, 2021.

44

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

10. Federal and Foreign Income Taxes

The components of the federal and foreign income tax provision included in the consolidated statements of operations 

for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Current:

United States
Foreign

Total current income tax provision

Deferred:

United States tax (benefit) expense
United States change in valuation allowance  
      on certain foreign tax credits
Foreign tax expense (benefit)

Total deferred income tax (benefit) provision

Total federal and foreign income tax (benefit) provision

2022

2021

60.9
28.7
89.6

(64.0)

(39.1)
5.6
(97.5)
(7.9)

$

$

17.5
40.1
57.6

83.1

11.0
(2.5)
91.6
149.2

$

$

Deferred federal and foreign income taxes reflect the tax impact of temporary differences between the amount of 
assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured by tax laws and regulations. Components 
of federal and foreign income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

2022

2021

Gross Deferred Tax Assets:

Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Unearned premiums
Reserve for potentially uncollectible balances
Pension and benefit accruals
Investments
Foreign tax credit
Other

Total deferred tax assets

Less valuation allowance

Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance

Gross Deferred Tax Liabilities:

Deferred acquisition costs
Investments
Foreign deferred items
Other

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets
Deferred income taxes on accumulated other
   comprehensive income

Deferred federal and foreign income tax asset

$

$

67.7
87.0
2.1
29.5
45.2
9.9
5.1
246.5
—
246.5

95.1
—
4.7
1.2
101.0

145.5

16.8
162.3

$

$

59.9
75.4
2.9
29.4
—
53.1
0.8
221.5
(39.1)
182.4

80.7
42.6
10.2
0.8
134.3

48.1

22.1
70.2

45

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The  following  table  reconciles  federal  and  foreign  income  taxes  at  the  statutory  federal  income  tax  rate  to  the 

Company’s tax provision and effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Income before income tax
Income tax provision computed at the 
   U.S. statutory tax rate on income
(Decrease) increase in income tax
   resulting from:

Dividend received deduction
Tax-exempt income
Proration recovery of tax preferred 
   income
Income earned outside local jurisdictions
State tax expense
True-up of prior year taxes
Change in valuation allowance
Other, net

2022

2021

% of
Pre-tax
Income

Amount

157.6

Amount

$

692.9

% of
Pre-tax
Income

33.1

21.0% $

145.5

21.0%

$

$

(12.4)
(0.8)

0.4
10.7
1.3
(0.3)
(39.1)
(0.8)
(7.9)

(7.9)
(0.5)

0.3
6.8
0.8
(0.2)
(24.8)
(0.5)
(5.0)% $

(5.7)
(0.9)

0.2
0.7
0.9
(2.2)
11.0
(0.3)
149.2

(0.8)
(0.1)

—
0.1
0.1
(0.3)
1.6
—
21.6%

Total federal and foreign income tax provision

$

Pre-tax income generated in the United States was $19.9m, and $518.0m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively. Foreign pre-tax income was $137.7m and $174.9m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.

The Company has claimed the benefit of a foreign tax credit (“FTC”) in the tax years ended December 31, 2022 and 

2021. 

The Company is included in the United States tax group of Fairfax (US) Inc. (“Fairfax (US)”).  The method of allocation 
among the companies is subject to a written agreement. Tax payments are made to, or refunds received from, Fairfax (US) in 
amounts equal to the amounts as if separate income tax returns were filed with federal taxing authorities.

The United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The Act included a 
minimum base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) on certain payments to foreign affiliates and a US tax on foreign earnings 
for certain global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"). The Company has evaluated the accounting policy election related 
to the BEAT and GILTI provisions and has concluded both will be treated as period costs. As a result, no related deferred taxes 
were recorded.

The effects of the Act related to loss reserve discounting included a special transition rule allowing for the changes to 
loss reserve discounting as of December 31, 2017 to be spread ratably over 8 years. During 2019 the Internal Revenue Service 
(“IRS”) issued final regulations and Revenue Procedure 2019-31 resulting in a $2.0m increase to the initial computation. The 
Company will recognize the adjusted benefit of $11.4m ratably from years ending December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2025. 

On  August  16,  2022,  the  U.S.  government  enacted  the  Inflation  Reduction  Act  of  2022,  which,  among  other  things 
implements a 15% alternative minimum tax ("CAMT") on book income of certain large corporations and a 1% excise tax on 
net  stock  repurchases.  Both  provisions  are  effective  in  taxable  years  beginning  after  December  31,  2022.  Based  upon 
projected adjusted financial statement income for 2023, the Company (or the controlled group of corporations of which the 
Company  is  a  member)  has  determined  that  the  average  "adjusted  financial  statement  income"  is  above  the  thresholds 
required to perform the CAMT calculation for the 2023 tax year. The impact of the alternative minimum tax, if any, will vary 
from year to year based on the relationship of the Company's financial statement income to the Company's taxable income. 

The Company paid federal and foreign income taxes of $67.9m and $5.4m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a net current tax payable of $18.3m, which included $1.6m 
payable to Fairfax (US) and a net payable of $16.7m to and from various foreign governments. As of December 31, 2021, the 
Company had a net current tax receivable of $2.8m, which included $18.2m receivable from Fairfax (US) and a net payable 
of $15.4m to and from various foreign jurisdictions. The Company files income tax returns with various federal, state and 
foreign jurisdictions.

46

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for tax years prior to 2020 are closed. Effective for tax years 2019 and 
prior,  the  Company  participated  in  the  IRS’s  Compliance  Assurance  Program  (“CAP”).  Under  CAP,  the  IRS  begins  their 
examination of the tax year before the income tax return is filed. The goal of CAP is to expedite the exam process and reduce 
the level of uncertainty regarding a taxpayer’s filing positions by examining significant transactions and events as they occur. 
The IRS did not propose any material adjustments as part of the Company’s previous examinations. Effective for tax year 2020 
and  later,  the  IRS  changed  requirements  for  continued  participation  in  CAP,  the  Company  no  longer  participates  in  the 
program, and will be subject to the normal IRS audit selection process.  Income tax returns filed with various state and foreign 
jurisdictions remain open to examination in accordance with individual statutes.

The Company has elected to recognize accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as part of 
the income tax provision. The Company does not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and has not recognized any 
accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions.

For federal income tax return purposes, the Company has FTC carryovers of $9.9m, of which $9.9m expire in 2031.

When necessary, valuation allowances are established to reduce the deferred tax assets to amounts that are “more 
likely than not” to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence 
for  each  tax  jurisdiction,  including  past  operating  results,  estimates  of  future  taxable  income,  and  the  feasibility  of  tax 
planning strategies. The Company assessed the realization of its FTC carryovers based on currently enacted U.S. and foreign 
tax laws and determined that it is “more likely than not” that most of the FTC carryovers related to foreign branch income 
will not be utilized prior to expiration. For the year ended December 31, 2022, a valuation allowance of $39.1m against the 
FTC carryovers was released and is included in the Company’s 2022 effective tax rate reconciliation as change in valuation 
allowance. The total valuation allowance of as of December 31, 2022 is $0. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered 
realizable, however, could change if future taxable income during the carryforward period differs from current estimates. 

11. Commitments and Contingencies

(a)

Contingencies

The Company participates in Lloyd’s through its 100% ownership of the capital provider for Newline Syndicate (1218), 
for  which  the  Company  directly  or  indirectly  provides  100%  of  the  capacity.  The  results  of  Newline  Syndicate  (1218)  are 
consolidated in the financial statements of the Company. In support of Newline Syndicate (1218)’s capacity at Lloyd’s, the 
Company has pledged securities and cash with a fair value of $378.1m as of December 31, 2022 in a deposit trust account in 
favor of the Society and Council of Lloyd’s. The securities may be substituted with other securities at the discretion of the 
Company, subject to approval by Lloyd’s. The securities are carried at fair value and are included in investments and cash in 
the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Interest earned on the securities is included in investment income. The pledge 
of assets in support of Newline Syndicate (1218) provides the Company with the ability to participate in writing business 
through  Lloyd’s,  which  remains  an  important  part  of  the  Company’s  business.  The  pledged  assets  effectively  secure  the 
contingent obligations of Newline Syndicate (1218) should it not meet its obligations. The Company’s contingent liability to 
the Society and Council of Lloyd’s is limited to the aggregate amount of the pledged assets. The Company has the ability to 
remove  funds  at  Lloyd’s  annually,  subject  to  certain  minimum  amounts  required  to  support  outstanding  liabilities  as 
determined under risk-based capital models and approved by Lloyd’s. The funds used to support outstanding liabilities are 
adjusted annually and the obligations of the Company to support these liabilities will continue until they are settled or the 
liabilities are reinsured by a third party approved by Lloyd’s. The Company expects to continue to actively operate Newline 
Syndicate (1218) and support its requirements at Lloyd’s, and the Company believes that Newline Syndicate (1218) maintains 
sufficient liquidity and financial resources to support its ultimate liabilities, and the Company does not anticipate that the 
pledged assets will be utilized.

47

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

ORC  agreed  to  guarantee  the  performance  of  all  the  insurance  and  reinsurance  contract  obligations  of  Compagnie 
Transcontinentale de Réassurance (“CTR”), a former subsidiary of Fairfax, in the event CTR became insolvent and CTR was 
not  otherwise  indemnified  under  its  guarantee  agreement  with  a  Fairfax  affiliate.  CTR  was  dissolved  and  its  assets  and 
liabilities were assumed by subsidiaries of Fairfax that have the responsibility for the run-off of its liabilities. Fairfax has agreed 
to indemnify ORC for all its obligations incurred under its guarantee. The Company’s potential exposure in connection with 
this agreement stems from the remaining gross reserves relating to these liabilities, which are estimated to be $45.0m as of 
December 31, 2022. The Company believes that the financial resources of the Fairfax subsidiaries that have assumed CTR’s 
liabilities provide adequate protection to satisfy the obligations that are subject to this guarantee. The Company does not 
expect  to make payments under this  guarantee and does not consider its potential exposure  under this guarantee to be 
material to its consolidated financial position.

ORC  has  agreed  to  guarantee  the  payment  of  all  of  the  insurance  contract  obligations  (the  “Subject  Contracts”), 
whether incurred before or after the agreement, of Falcon Insurance Company (Hong Kong) Limited (“Falcon”), a subsidiary 
of Fairfax Asia, in the event Falcon becomes insolvent. The guarantee by ORC was made to assist Falcon in writing business 
through access to ORC’s financial strength ratings and capital resources. ORC is paid a fee for this guarantee of one quarter 
of one percent of all gross premiums earned associated with the Subject Contracts on a quarterly basis. For each of the years 
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, Falcon paid $0.1m to ORC in connection with this guarantee. ORC’s potential exposure 
in connection with this agreement is estimated to be $174.0m, based on Falcon’s loss reserves at December 31, 2022. Fairfax 
has agreed to indemnify ORC for any obligation under this guarantee. The Company believes that the financial resources of 
Falcon provide adequate protection to support its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company anticipates that 
Falcon will meet all of its obligations in the normal course of business and does not expect to make any payments under this 
guarantee. The Company does not consider its potential exposure under this guarantee to be material to its consolidated 
financial position.

During 2015, in consideration for an appropriate fee, ORC agreed to guarantee the payment of certain obligations of 
TIG with respect to a certain contract of reinsurance of asbestos, pollution and health hazard claims (the “APH contract”) 
entered into by TIG with an unrelated third party.  The guarantee was made to enable TIG to access ORC’s financial strength 
ratings, subsidiary of Fairfax, and capital resources for securing the APH Contract. ORC’s maximum exposure in connection 
with this guarantee is $350.0m. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s estimated exposure under the guarantee is $14.9m, 
based on TIG’s loss reserves for the APH Contract at December 31, 2022.  The Company i) believes that the financial resources 
of TIG provide adequate protection to support is liabilities in the ordinary course of business; ii) anticipates that TIG will meet 
all of its obligations in the normal course of business; and iii) does not expect to make any payments under this guarantee.

The Company and its subsidiaries are involved, from time to time, in ordinary litigation, arbitration proceedings and 
regulatory  assessments  as  part  of  the  Company’s  business  operations.  In  the  Company’s  opinion,  the  outcome  of  these 
actions, individually or collectively, is not likely to result in outcomes that would be material to the financial condition or 
results of operations of the Company. 

(b)

Commitments

The Company and its subsidiaries lease office space and furniture and equipment under long-term operating leases 

expiring through the year 2033. Minimum annual rentals are as follows:

2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 and thereafter

Total

Amount

14.4
13.5
12.0
11.6
11.3
30.8
93.6

$

$

48

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The Company leases certain office and retail space held as an investment under various operating leases.  Lease income 
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $35.3m, and $35.7m, respectively.  Future rental income from these 
leases are as follows:

2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 and thereafter

Total

Amount

30.0
23.3
20.6
17.5
16.3
60.5
168.2

$

$

Rental expense, before sublease income under these operating leases, was $22.1m and $19.1m for the years ended 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company recovered less than $0.1m for the years ended December 31, 2022 
and 2021. 

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11, both entitled “Leases”, did not have a material effect on the Company’s 

results of operations or liquidity. Additional information regarding the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

As of 12/31/2022

As of 12/31/2021

Operating lease right of use asset

Operating lease liabilities

Weighted average remaining operating lease term
Weighted average discount rate on operating leases

Maturities of the existing lease liabilities are expected to occur as follows:

2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Thereafter
Undiscounted lease payments
Less:  present value adjustment
Total operating lease liability

$

$

$

61.5

$

77.3

4 years

4.31%

63.5

75.4

4 years

4.31%

14.4
13.5
12.0
11.6
11.3
30.8
93.6
16.3
77.3

12. Statutory Information and Dividend Restrictions

ORC, the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, is subject to state regulatory restrictions that limit the maximum 
amount of dividends payable. In any 12-month period, ORC may pay dividends equal to the greater of (i) 10% of statutory 
capital and surplus as of the prior year end or (ii) net income for such prior year, without prior approval of the Insurance 
Commissioner of the State of Connecticut (the “Connecticut Commissioner”). Connecticut law further provides that (i) ORC 
must report to the Connecticut Commissioner, for informational purposes, all dividends and other distributions within five 
business days after the declaration thereof and at least ten days prior to payment and (ii) ORC may not pay any dividend or 
distribution in excess of its earned surplus, defined as the insurer’s “unassigned funds surplus” reduced by 25% of unrealized 
appreciation in value or revaluation of assets or unrealized profits on investments, as reflected in its most recent statutory 
annual  statement  on  file  with  the  Connecticut  Commissioner,  without  the  Connecticut  Commissioner’s  approval.  The 
maximum ordinary dividend capacity available during 2023, without prior approval, is $767.2m. ORC did not declare or pay 
any dividends to OGHI during the year ended December 31, 2022. ORC declared and paid to OGHI dividends of $200.0m 
during the year ended December 31, 2021. Hudson declared and paid dividends on its preferred shares owned by TIG of 
$1.3m during each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Greystone did not declared or pay dividends on its 

49

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

preferred shares owned by TIG during the year ended December 31, 2022. Greystone declared and paid dividends on its 
preferred shares owned by TIG of $0.3m during the year ended December 31, 2021.

The following is the consolidated statutory basis net income and policyholders’ surplus of ORC and its subsidiaries, for 

each of the years ended and as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Net income
Policyholders' surplus

13. Related Party Transactions

2022

2021

$

396.6
4,310.6

$

94.3
4,049.8

The Company has entered into various reinsurance arrangements with Fairfax and its affiliates. The amounts included 
in  or  deducted  from  income,  expense,  assets  and  liabilities  in  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial  statements  with 
respect to reinsurance assumed and ceded from and to affiliates as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
as follows:

Assumed:

Premiums written
Premiums earned
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Acquisition costs
Reinsurance payable on paid losses
Reinsurance balances receivable
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Unearned premiums

Ceded:

Premiums written
Premiums earned
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Acquisition costs
Ceded reinsurance balances payable
Reinsurance recoverables on paid losses
Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses
Unearned premiums

$

$

2022

2021

$

$

282.4
257.1
201.5
62.7
14.4
58.8
393.8
120.8

141.3
133.6
108.4
29.4
1.6
7.0
227.0
75.4

231.5
206.7
119.6
35.4
16.0
68.9
272.9
95.8

125.0
102.7
57.8
23.4
12.1
3.7
167.2
68.9

The Company’s subsidiaries have entered into investment management agreements with Fairfax and its wholly-owned 
subsidiary, Hamblin Watsa Investment Counsel Ltd. These agreements generally provide for an annual base fee, calculated 
and paid quarterly based upon each subsidiary’s average invested assets for the preceding three months, and an incentive 
fee,  which  is  payable  if  realized  gains  on  equity  investments  exceed  certain  benchmarks.  These  agreements  may  be 
terminated  by  either  party  on  30  days’  notice.  For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  total  fees,  including 
incentive fees, of $24.2m and $30.1m, respectively, are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Included in other expenses, net, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, are charitable contribution expenses 
of $7.8m and $7.3m, respectively, primarily representing amounts to be funded by OGHI to the Odyssey Group Foundation, 
a not-for-profit entity through which the Company provides funding to charitable organizations active in the communities in 
which the Company operates.

Due  to  expense  sharing  and  investment  management  agreements  with  Fairfax  and  its  affiliates,  the  Company  has 
accrued, on its consolidated balance sheet, amounts receivable from affiliates of $1.9m and $3.0m as of December 31, 2022 
and  2021,  respectively,  and  amounts  payable  to  affiliates  of  $2.5m  and  $10.9m  as  of  December  31,  2022  and  2021, 
respectively.

Between 2017 and 2021, the Company loaned an affiliate, Farmers Edge Inc. (“Farmers Edge”), $85.9m. The loans bore 
interest at 12% per annum and were due on June 30, 2021. The Farmers Edge loans contained a conversion feature where 
the Company has the option (but not the obligation) to convert all or part of the unpaid principal amount and the accrued 

50

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

and unpaid interest on the loans as of the conversion into common shares at the conversion price. In conjunction with the 
IPO of Farmers Edge on March 3, 2021, the Company converted all amounts due from Farmers Edge into common shares at 
a value equal to the IPO price and recognized a gain upon conversion of the loans of $11.9m.

During 2022, the Company loaned Farmers Edge $5.9m under a new credit facility. The loans on the credit facility bear 

interest at 6% per annum and are due on January 31, 2025.

On July 9, 2021, the Company loaned Fairfax (US) $200.0m at an interest rate of 0.12%; the loan was converted into an 
in-kind dividend to OUSHI on December 15, 2021. On June 23, 2022, the Company loaned Fairfax (US) $50.0 million at an 
interest rate of 2.21%;  the loan was repaid with interest on August 8, 2022.

Between 2019 and 2022, the Company loaned an affiliate, Sigma Co International Corp, $6.5m.  The loan bears interest 

as 5.0% and has a maturity date of June 19, 2024.

On April 17, 2019, the Company loaned an affiliate, AGT Food and Ingredients Inc. (“AGT”), $70.8m. The loan to AGT 
bears interest at 6.0% and had a maturity date of April 16, 2020. The loan may be successively extended for an additional 364 
days with written notice.  The maturity on this loan was extended to April 16, 2021. On January 4, 2021, the loan was extended 
with a maturity of April 17, 2022. On December 24, 2022, the loan was extended with a maturity date of April 16, 2024.

On April 17, 2019, the Company loaned an affiliate, Alliance Pulse Processors Inc. (“Alliance”), $16.7m. The loan to 
Alliance bears interest at 6.0% and had a maturity date of April 16, 2020. The loan may be successively extended an additional 
364 days with written notice.  The maturity on this loan was extended to April 16, 2021. On January 4, 2021, the loan was 
extended with a maturity of April 17, 2022. On December 24, 2022, the loan was extended with a maturity date of April 16, 
2024. 

On January 28, 2020, the Company loaned an affiliate, Toys “R” Us (Canada) Ltd. (“Toys”), $18.9m.  The loan to Toys 
bore interest at 9.5% and had a maturity date of January 28, 2023. On August 19, 2021, the Company sold its common stock 
interest in Toys and, as part of the sales agreement, forgave the loan due from Toys.

On September 28, 2021, the Company loaned Arbel Bakliyat Hububat Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S (“Arbel”), $25.0m. The loan 
to Arbel bears interest of 6.0% and has a maturity date of September 27, 2022. The loan may be extended an additional 364 
days with written notice. The maturity on this loan was extended to February 15, 2023 and subsequently extended to April 
15, 2023. 

In the ordinary course of the Company’s investment activities, the Company makes investments in investment funds, 

limited partnerships and other investment vehicles in which Fairfax or its affiliates may also be investors.

14. Employee Benefits

The Company provides its employees with benefits through various plans as described below.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

The  Company  maintains  a  qualified,  non-contributory,  defined  benefit  pension  plan  (the  “Pension  Plan”)  covering 
substantially all employees in the United States hired prior to August 1, 2011 who have reached age twenty-one. Employer 
contributions to the Pension Plan are in accordance with the minimum funding requirements of the Employee Retirement 
Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

51

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The following tables set forth the Pension Plan’s unfunded status and accrued pension cost recognized in the Company’s 

consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Change in projected benefit obligation:

Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial gain
Benefits paid

Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in Plan assets:

Fair value of Pension Plan assets at beginning of year
Actual (depreciation) appreciation on Pension Plan assets
Actual contributions during the year
Benefits paid

Fair value of Pension Plan assets at end of year
Funded status and accrued pension cost

2022

2021

$

$

281.3
8.4
8.5
(80.5)
(10.8)
206.9

187.6
(9.1)
9.8
(10.8)
177.5
(29.4)

$

$

284.0
10.9
7.0
(10.7)
(9.9)
281.3

150.6
29.1
17.8
(9.9)
187.6
(93.7)

The net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the accrued pension cost for the Pension Plan 
of $29.4m and $93.7m, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is included in other liabilities. The unamortized 
amount  of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  loss  related  to  the  Pension  Plan  is  $4.6m  and  $67.9m,  before  taxes,  as  of 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value and percentage of fair value of the total Pension Plan assets by type 

of investment are as follows:

Equity securities
Mutual funds - fixed income securities
Money market

Fair value of Plan assets

As of December 31,

2022

2021

$

$

139.7
12.3
25.5
177.5

78.7% $
6.9%
14.4%
100.0% $

150.3
13.4
23.9
187.6

80.1%
7.1%
12.8%
100.0%

The Pension Plan seeks to maximize the economic value of its investments by applying a long-term, value-oriented 
approach to optimize the total investment returns of the Pension Plan’s invested assets. Assets are transferred and allocated 
among various investment vehicles, when appropriate. The long-term rate of return assumption is based on this flexibility to 
adjust to market  conditions.  The actual return on assets has historically been in line with the Company’s assumptions of 
expected returns.  The Company contributed $9.8m and $17.8m to the Pension Plan during the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company currently expects to make a contribution to the Pension Plan of $7.8m during 
2023. 

The Company accounts for its Pension Plan assets at fair value as required by GAAP. The Company has categorized its 
Pension Plan assets, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy, 
using the three-level hierarchy approach described in Note 3.

Quoted market prices are used for determining the fair value of the Company’s Pension Plan assets. The majority of 
these Pension Plan assets are common stocks and mutual funds that are actively traded in a public market. The Pension Plan’s 
money market account, for which the cost basis approximates fair value, is also classified as a Level 1 investment.  As of 
December 31, 2022, a majority of the Pension Plan assets were categorized as Level 1 assets except for the investments 
measured using NAV. 

In accordance with ASU 2015-07, investments that are measured at fair value using NAV per share (or its equivalent) 
as a practical expedient, have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $31.0m and 
$32.3m, respectively, of investments reported as equity securities are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables.

52

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The Company’s Level 3 Pension Plan assets were valued by a third party, providing a net asset value, by using valuation 
techniques that include unobservable inputs. Generally, hedge funds invest in securities that trade in active markets, and as 
a result, their net asset values reflect their fair values.  The Plan did not have Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2022 
and 2021. 

The following table provides a summary of the Plan’s investment that is measured at fair value using reported NAV per 

share as a practical expedient for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Investment
India Capital Fund Limited

(1) The last business day of each month.

Fair Value Estimated Using Net Asset Value per Share as of December 31, 2022

Fair Value

$

31.0

Unfunded 
Commitment
—
$

Settlement 
Terms
(1)

Redemption 
Frequency
Monthly

Redemption Notice Period 
Frequency
60 days + month end

The  NAV  of  each  share  is  determined  by  dividing  the  NAV  of  that  class  of  share  by  the  number  of  redeemable 
participating preference shares in issue in that class of shares. The Plan invests in a fund that is valued at NAV per share as a 
practical expedient.

The following table presents the targeted asset allocation percentages for the Pension Plan’s assets by type:

Equities
Mutual funds - fixed income securities

Total target asset allocations

Targeted
Asset
Allocation
%

80.00
20.00
100.00

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as 

follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

2022

2021

5.00%
4.35%

2.75%
3.60%

The discount rate represents the Company’s estimate of the interest rate at which the Pension Plan’s benefits could be 
effectively settled. The discount rates are used in the measurement of the Pension Plan’s accumulated benefit obligations 
and the service and interest cost components of net periodic Pension Plan benefit cost.

The net periodic benefit cost included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021 is comprised of the following:

Net Periodic Benefit Cost:

Service cost
Interest cost
Return on Plan assets
Recognized actuarial loss

Net periodic benefit cost

2022

2021

$

$

8.4
8.5
(10.5)
2.4
8.8

$

$

10.9
7.0
(8.9)
9.4
18.4

53

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The  Company  does  not  expect  amortization  of  actuarial  losses  and  of  prior  service  costs  (currently  reflected  in 

accumulated other comprehensive income) as components of net periodic cost for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The amortization period for unamortized pension costs and credits, including prior service costs, if any, and actuarial 
gains and losses, is based on the remaining service period for those employees expected to receive pension benefits. Actuarial 
gains and losses result when actual experience differs from that assumed or when actuarial assumptions are changed.

Change in accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Beginning balance
Actuarial gain and return on plan assets arising during the year
Amortization of actuarial gain recognized in net periodic costs

Accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of year

2022

2021

$

$

67.9
(60.9)
(2.4)
4.6

$

$

108.2
(30.9)
(9.4)
67.9

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 

2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase
Expected long term rate of return on Pension Plan assets

2022

2021

4.50%
3.60%
6.00%

2.50%
3.60%
6.00%

The accumulated benefit obligation for the Pension Plan was $181.6m and $245.8m as of the December 31, 2022 and 

2021 measurement dates, respectively.

The Pension Plan’s expected future benefit payments for the next 10 years are shown below:

Year
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 - 2032

$

Amount

10.7
11.7
12.5
13.4
14.0
81.2

54

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

Excess Benefit Plans

The  Company  maintains  two  non-qualified  excess  benefit  plans  (the  “Excess  Plans”)  that  provide  more  highly 
compensated officers and employees in the United States hired prior to August 1, 2011 with defined retirement benefits in 
excess of qualified plan limits imposed by federal tax law. The following tables set forth the combined amounts recognized 
for the Excess Plans in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Change in projected benefit obligation:

Benefit obligation at beginning of year
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial gain
Settlement loss
Settlement payments
Benefits paid

Benefit obligation at end of year

Change in Excess Plans’ assets:

Fair value of Excess Plans’ assets at beginning of year
Actual contributions during the year
Settlement payments
Benefits paid

Fair value of Excess Plans’ assets at end of year
Funded status and accrued pension cost

2022

2021

$

$

39.1
1.1
1.1
(13.3)
0.4
(2.4)
(0.4)
25.6

—
2.8
(2.4)
(0.4)
—
(25.6)

$

$

41.8
1.5
1.0
(2.7)
—
—
(2.5)
39.1

—
2.5
—
(2.5)
—
(39.1)

The net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the accrued pension cost for the Excess Plans 
of $25.6m and $39.1m, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is included in other liabilities. The unamortized 
amount of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss related to the Excess Plan is $(3.2m) and $10.2m, before taxes, 
as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as 

follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

2022

2021

5.00%
4.35%

2.75%
3.60%

The discount rate represents the Company’s estimate of the interest rate at which the Excess Plans’ benefits could be 
effectively settled. The discount rates are used in the measurement of the Excess Plans’ accumulated benefit obligations and 
the service and interest cost components of net periodic Excess Plans’ benefit cost.

Net  periodic  benefit  cost  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  statements  of  operations  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021 is comprised of the following:

Net Periodic Benefit Cost:

Service cost
Interest cost
Recognized net actuarial loss
Settlement

Net periodic benefit cost

2022

2021

$

$

1.1
1.1
0.4
0.1
2.7

$

$

1.5
1.0
1.3
—
3.8

The amortization of actuarial (gains) and of prior service costs (currently reflected in accumulated other comprehensive 
income) as components of net periodic costs are expected to be $(0.1m) and less than $0.0m respectively, for the year ended 
December 31, 2023.

55

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The  Company  expects  to  contribute  $3.1m  to  the  Excess  Plans  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  which 

represents the amount necessary to fund the 2023 expected benefit payments.

Change in accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Beginning balance
Actuarial gain arising during the year
Settlement loss arising during the year
Amortization of actuarial gain recognized in net periodic costs
Amortization of settlement gains

Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss at end of year

2022

2021

$

$

10.2
(13.3)
0.4
(0.4)
(0.1)
(3.2)

$

$

14.2
(2.7)
—
(1.3)
—
10.2

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 

2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

2022

2021

4.50%
3.60%

2.50%
3.60%

The accumulated benefit obligation for the Excess Plans was $23.7m and $31.0m as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, 

respectively.

The Excess Plans’ expected benefit payments for the next 10 years are shown below:

Year
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 - 2032

$

Amount

3.1
3.6
2.8
3.4
2.4
10.4

Postretirement Benefit Plan

The Company provides certain health care and life insurance (“postretirement”) benefits for retired employees in the 
United States. Substantially all employees in the United States hired prior to August 1, 2011 may become eligible for these 
benefits  if  they  reach  retirement  age  while  working  for  the  Company.  The  Company’s  cost  for  providing  postretirement 
benefits  other  than  pensions  is  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  ASC  715,  “Compensation  –  Retirement  Benefits.”  The 
following tables set forth the amounts recognized for the postretirement benefit plan in the Company’s consolidated financial 
statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Change in accumulated post retirement obligation:

Accumulated postretirement obligation at beginning of year

Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial gain
Benefits paid
Participant contributions

Accumulated post retirement obligation at end of year
Funded status and accrued prepaid pension cost

2022

2021

$

$

49.9
1.2
1.6
(12.0)
(2.1)
0.2
38.8
(38.8)

$

$

50.6
1.4
1.2
(1.6)
(1.9)
0.2
49.9
(49.9)

56

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the accrued benefit cost for the postretirement 
plan of $38.8m and $49.9m, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is included in other liabilities. The accumulated 
other comprehensive income for the post retirement plan is $28.9m and $27.4m, before taxes, as of December 31, 2022 and 
2021, respectively.

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as 

follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

2022

2021

5.00%
3.80%

2.75%
3.80%

The discount rate represents the Company’s estimate of the interest rate at which the postretirement benefit plan 
benefits could be effectively settled. The discount rates are used in the measurement of the postretirement accumulated 
postretirement benefit obligations and the service and interest cost of net periodic postretirement benefit cost.

Net  periodic  benefit  cost  included  in  the  Company’s  consolidated  statements  of  operations  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2022 and 2021 is comprised of the following:

Net Periodic Benefit Cost:

Service cost
Interest cost
Amortization of prior service costs
Recognized actuarial loss

Net periodic benefit cost

2022

2021

$

$

1.2
1.6
(11.0)
0.4
(7.8)

$

$

1.4
1.2
(10.9)
1.1
(7.2)

The amortization of actuarial losses and of prior service costs (currently reflected in accumulated other comprehensive 
income)  as  components  of  net  periodic  costs  are  expected  to  be  $0.0m  and  $(11.0m)  respectively,  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023.

Change in accumulated other comprehensive income:

Beginning balance
Actuarial gain arising during the year
Amortization of prior service costs
Amortization of actuarial gain recognized in net periodic costs
Accumulated other comprehensive income at end of year

2022

2021

$

$

(27.4)
(12.1)
11.0
(0.4)
(28.9)

$

$

(35.6)
(1.6)
10.9
(1.1)
(27.4)

The weighted average assumptions used to calculate the net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 

2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Discount rate
Rate of compensation increase

The postretirement plan’s expected benefit payments for the next 10 years are shown below:

Year
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028 - 2032

2022

2021

4.50%
3.80%

2.50%
3.80%

$

Amount

2.1
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
15.0

57

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

The annual assumed  rate  of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost  trend  rate) is 
assumed to be 6.84% in 2023, gradually decreasing to 4.00% in 2048 and remaining constant thereafter. The health care cost 
trend rate assumption has a significant effect on the amounts reported. For example, increasing the assumed health care 
cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation by 
$4.2m (10.8% of the benefit obligation as of December 31, 2022) and the service and interest cost components of net periodic 
postretirement benefit costs by $0.2m for the year ended December 31, 2022. Decreasing the assumed health care cost trend 
rates by one percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and the service 
and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2022 by $3.6m 
and $0.2m, respectively.

Other Plans

The Company also maintains a defined contribution profit sharing plan for all eligible employees. Each year, the Board 
of Directors may authorize payment of an amount equal to a percentage of each participant’s basic annual earnings based 
on the results of the Company for that year. These amounts are credited to the employees’ accounts maintained by a third 
party, which has contracted to provide benefits under the plan. No additional discretionary  contributions were authorized 
for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. 

The Company maintains a qualified deferred compensation plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, as amended. Employees may contribute up to 50% of base salary on a pre-tax basis, subject to annual maximum 
contributions set by law ($22.5 thousand in 2023 plus an additional $7.5 thousand if an employee is age 50 or older). The 
Company contributes an amount equal to 100% of each employee’s pre-tax contribution up to certain limits. The maximum 
matching  contribution  is  4.0%  of  annual  base  salary,  with  certain  government-mandated  restrictions  on  contributions  to 
highly  compensated  employees.  The  Company  also  maintains  a  non-qualified  deferred  compensation  plan  to  allow  for 
contributions in excess of qualified plan limitations. The Company’s contributions to both of these plans, which totaled $4.5m 
and  $3.7m  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2022  and  2021,  respectively,  are  included  primarily  in  other  underwriting 
expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

All employees in the United States hired on or after August 1, 2011 are eligible for an annual profit sharing contribution, 
subject to the profit sharing plan limitations. The Company makes this contribution regardless of whether or not elective 
deferrals were made during the year.  The profit sharing contribution is paid each January and uses the prior year’s 401(k) 
compensation (base pay, short-term disability earnings and any overtime earnings) to determine the actual contribution for 
each employee. These profit sharing contributions are calculated as a percentage of earnings at the end of each year and 
allocated to participant accounts in January of the following year, with contribution percentages based upon each employee’s 
years of service as follows:

Years of Service
Less than or equal to 5 years
More than 5 years but less than or equal to 15
More than 15 years

The profit sharing contribution amounts vest based upon the following vesting schedule:

Years of Service
Less than 2 years
2 years but less than 3
3 years but less than 4
4 years but less than 5
5 years but less than 6
6 years or more

Percent

6%
7%
8%

Percent

0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%

58

ODYSSEY GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
(in $ millions except per share amounts and as otherwise indicated)

15. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Fairfax Restricted Share Plan and Share Option Plan

In 1999, Fairfax established the Fairfax Financial 1999 Restricted Share Plan (the “Fairfax Restricted Share Plan”) and 
the Share Option Plan (the “Option Plan”) (collectively, the “Fairfax Plans”), in which the Company participates.  The Fairfax 
Plans generally provide officers, key employees and directors who were employed by or provided services to the Company 
with awards of restricted shares or stock options (with a grant price of zero) of Fairfax common stock (collectively, “Restricted 
Share Awards”).  The Restricted Share Awards generally vest over five years.  The Company had 593,691 Restricted Share 
Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022.

The fair value of the Restricted Share Awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of Fairfax’s 
stock and is amortized to  compensation  expense  on  a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods.   The Company 
purchases  Fairfax  common  stock  on  the  open  market  to  cover  the  grant  of  a  Restricted  Share  Award  and  reflects  such 
purchase  as  a  reduction  in  the  Company’s  additional  paid-in  capital.    As  of  December  31,  2022,  there  was  $55.9m  of 
unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested Restricted Share Awards granted from the Fairfax Plans that was netted 
against additional paid-in capital, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 
2.2 years. The total fair values of the Restricted Share Awards granted for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 
$29.6m  and  $27.6m,  respectively.  As  of  December  31,  2022,  the  aggregate  fair  value  of  the  Restricted  Share  Awards 
outstanding was $284.5m. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized expense related to 
the Fairfax Plans of $24.4m and $23.1m, respectively.

The following table summarizes activity for the Fairfax Plans for the year ended December 31, 2022:

Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2021

Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Unallocated

Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022

Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2022

Employee Share Purchase Plans

Shares /
Options

Weighted-
Average Value
at Grant Date

600,940
62,772
(33,341)
(6,229)
(30,451)

593,691

22,036

$

$

$

393.55
471.39
428.55
438.43
469.54

392.42

460.13

Under the terms of the Odyssey Re Holdings Corp. (Non-Qualified) 2010 Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “2010 
ESPP”), eligible employees are given the election to purchase Fairfax common shares in an amount up to 10% of their annual 
base  salary.  The  Company  matches  these  contributions  by  purchasing,  on  the  employee’s  behalf,  a  number  of  Fairfax’s 
common shares equal in value to 30% of the employee’s contribution. In the event that the Company achieves a net combined 
ratio in any calendar year that is less than the lesser of i) 100% or ii) the average of the reported net combined ratios of the 
ten (10) most recent calendar years prior to the current calendar year, additional shares are purchased by the Company for 
the employee’s benefit, in an amount equal in value to 20% of the employee’s contribution during that year. During the year 
ended December 31, 2022, the Company purchased 18,044 Fairfax common shares on behalf of employees pursuant to the 
2010 ESPP, at an average purchase price of $514.24. The compensation expense recognized by the Company for purchases 
of Fairfax’s common shares under the 2010 ESPP was $1.9m and $2.0m for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively.

59