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Opsens

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FY2016 Annual Report · Opsens
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ANNUAL
REPORT
2016

Opsens focuses on the measure of Fractional Flow Reserve (“FFR”) in interventional 

cardiology. Opsens offers an advanced optical-based pressure guidewire (OptoWire) 

that aims at improving the clinical outcome of patients with coronary artery disease. 

Opsens is also involved in industrial activities.

FFR: CORNERSTONE FOR OPSENS’ FUTURE GROWTH
 r Product performance recognized by several Key Opinion Leaders

OPSENS – FFR SALES 
In thousands of $

 r FFR products approved in all target markets

 r Growing markets: United States, European Union, Japan, Canada

 r Over 10,000  cases performed

 r Ongoing improvement process in manufacturing 

 r Sales channels in over 20 countries

FY 2016
 r Growing market share quarter over quarter. 

FY 2017 AND BEYOND 
 r Significant gain in market share.

FFR MARKET

Since 2009, the FFR market has been driven by studies that demonstrate 
the benefits of basing diagnostic and treatment of coronary artery disease 
(CAD)  on  reliable  FFR  measurement.  Cardiologists,  cardiology  medical 
societies,  insurance  companies  and  hospitals  increasingly  recognize  the 
benefits of performing FFR, as it:

 r Facilitates decision making before invasive procedures;

 r Improves patient outcomes; and,

 r Avoids unnecessary medical procedures.

Growing confidence in the procedure has generated a need for products 
that are easy to use, reliable and may be easily integrated into the workflow.

Originally,  electrical  technologies  were  the  only  option  to  measure  FFR. 
Opsens brought new freedom to the procedure with its OptoWire, an optical 
guidewire.  Unlike  products  instrumented  with  electrical  technologies, 
the  OptoWire  is  not  affected  by  procedural  contaminant.  It  offers  FFR 
measurement  reliability,  freedom  to  disconnect,  handle,  reconnect  and 
measure  FFR  following  a  percutaneous  coronary  intervention.  In  the 
future, the demonstration of these competitive advantages in structured 
registers or clinical studies could contribute positively to the FFR market 
and  benefit  the  health  of  patients.  With  better  tools  and  other  growth 
factors, industry players foresee penetration of the procedure could evolve 
from the current 15%* to 45%**.

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0

FY 2016: $5,242

2,115

1,252

893

982

FY 2015: $527

112

51

41

323

Q1
2015 

Q2
2015 

Q3
2015 

Q4
2015 

Q1
2016 

Q2
2016 

Q3
2016 

Q4
2016 

FFR MARKET  
In millions of US$* 

1,000

800

600

400

200

$1B

456

400

350

300

250

207

167

124

*  R.  Scott  Huennekens,  “Volcano  NASDAQ  Analyst  Day”  POWERPOINT  PRESENTATION  p.44  (2013-03-07)  
[Huennekens “POWERPOINT].
** D. STARKS, “St Jude Medical 2013 Investor Conference” p.105 (2013-02-01) [D. STARKS]

* St. Jude Medical 2015 - Investor Conference, February 6, 2015 
** Based on a projected growth of 14% - Research and Markets “FFR Global Market 
2016-2020”

75

0

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Beyond

LETTER TO SHAREHOLDERS

In  2016,  Opsens  has  embraced  change  to  position  itself  for  sustained  growth  and 

to  create  value  for  its  shareholders.  Today,  these  changes  allow  us  to  have  the 

tools to demonstrate our leadership in the field of interventional cardiology for the 

measurement of Fractional Flow Reserve (“FFR”).

AN IMPROVED VERSION OF THE OPTOWIRE FOR LARGE 
SCALE MARKETING 

In  order  to  provide  cardiologists  with  the  most  effective  products  to 
measure  FFR,  Opsens  has  developed  the  OptoWire  II,  an  improved 
version of its original OptoWire, comprising a hydrophilic coating that 
further facilitates navigation in the most tortuous and calcified vessels.

This  enhanced  version  of  our  guidewire  quickly  received  regulatory 
approvals  in  the  United  States,  Japan,  Europe  and  Canada.  The 
OptoWire II is the version sold in each of these growing markets.

THE OPTOWIRE RECOGNIZED IN THE INTERVENTIONAL 
CARDIOLOGY COMMUNITY

Our  product  was  welcomed  enthusiastically  in  the  interventional 
cardiology  community,  prompting  Opsens  to  set  up  the  resources 
needed to grow strongly. The OptoWire’s performance was mentioned 
in  a  prestigious  medical  journal,  the  Circulation  Journal,  the  official 
journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. In this editorial on drift in 
FFR  pressure  wires,  the  authors  report  that  the  use  of  approximately 
100 OptoWire units performed without any drift in the measurement. 
The  editorial  also  reports  on  the  shortcomings  in  the  performance 
of  competitors’  products  from  the  point  of  view  of  reliability  of  the 
measurement. 
In  December  2016,  Opsens  announced  that  the 
OptoWire had been used as a diagnostic tool by cardiologists in 10,000 
patients,  demonstrating  the  product’s  safety  before  marketing  on  a 
larger scale.

IMPLEMENTATION OF OUR GROWTH STRATEGY

Opsens’ sales team was strengthened during the year. New employees 
and experienced experts in the marketing of products for interventional 
cardiology  in  the  United  States  and  in  Canada  joined  the  team.  The 
Company  also  signed  several  distribution  agreements  with  strong 
partners  in  their  specific  strategic  markets,  allowing  Opsens  to  build 
a  sales  network  in  more  than  20  countries.  Opsens  will  continue  to 
expand its network in the coming months and years in each of its key 
markets.  The  effectiveness  of  these  sales  channels  has  generated  a 
growing demand for our FFR products in 2016.

THE MOVE INTO A FACILITY FITTED FOR OUR  
GROWTH NEEDS

This  growth  required  relocation  into  a  facility  at  the  cutting  edge  of 
technology and adapted to our growing needs. This change resulted in 
a temporary interruption of production. The quality of our facility and 
the rigor of Opsens’ production processes helped in the rapid receipt of 
the necessary approvals to resume the production of commercial units 
from  this  new  facility.  A  few  months  after  this  move,  we  appreciate 

this much needed upgrade. In order to improve effectiveness, we are 
implementing  an  ongoing  improvement  process  in  manufacturing. 
Not  only  do  we  aim  to  increase  efficiency  and  effectiveness  of  our 
production, we are now targeting operational excellence.

STRENGTHENING OF OUR MEDICAL IDENTITY

Opsens has also strengthened its medical identity by consolidating its 
medical  activities  within  the  Opsens  business  unit  and  the  industrial 
activities  to  the  Opsens  Solutions  business  unit.  This  structure  will 
contribute  to  the  strengthening  of  our  medical  identity  by  focusing 
our development and will allow financial markets to better assess the 
performance of each business unit.

DIVERSIFICATION IN THE OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

During the 2016 fiscal year, the Company expanded its shareholder base 
with major institutions by issuing new shares within the framework of 
two financing which generated gross positive cash flow of more than 
$10 million.

From  the  point  of  view  of  governance,  Opsens  added  a  second 
American director during the year in order to increase our knowledge 
of this strategic market.

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

The need for precise optical measurement is growing in the industrial 
sector.  Opsens’  optical  technologies  can  measure  various  parameters 
in difficult conditions. Following discussions with major clients in 2016, 
we are confident that 2017 will show revenue growth in this business unit.

WE ANTICIPATE 2017 WITH OPTIMISM

In 2016, we made measurable progress towards our goal of becoming a 
key player in FFR. We are dedicated to meeting the expectations of our 
shareholders and believe that the plan in place bears high value. We are 
grateful for your trust.

I  also  want  to  thank  our  customers,  employees,  suppliers,  directors 
and  partners  for  their  constant  support  to  the  benefit  of  Opsens’ 
development.

In  closing,  we  hope  to  see  you  at  the  annual  shareholders’  meeting, 
which will be held in our new headquarters this year.

Louis Laflamme 
President and CEO

3

4

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED AUGUST 31, 2016

The following comments are intended to provide a review and analysis of the results of operations, financial condition 
and  cash  flows  of Opsens  Inc.  for  the  fourth  quarter  and  year  ended August 31,  2016  in  comparison  with  the 
corresponding period ended August 31, 2015. In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”), “Opsens”, 
“the  Company”,  “we”,  “us”  and  “our”  mean  Opsens  Inc.  and  its  subsidiary.  This  discussion  should  be  read  and 
interpreted in conjunction with the information contained in our annual consolidated financial statements for the years 
ended August 31, 2016 and 2015, which  have been prepared in accordance  with International Financial Reporting 
Standards  (“IFRS”)  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board.  This  document  was  prepared  on 
November 15, 2016. All amounts are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated.

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements with respect to the Company. These forward-looking statements, by 
their nature, require the Company to make certain assumptions and necessarily involve known and unknown risks and 
uncertainties  that  could  cause  actual  results  to  differ  materially  from  those  expressed  or  implied  in  these  forward-
looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. These forward-looking statements, 
including financial outlooks, may involve, but are not limited to, comments with respect to the Company’s business or 
financial  objectives,  its  strategies  or  future  actions,  its  targets,  expectations  for  financial  condition  or  outlook  for 
operations  and  future  contingent  payments.  Words  such  as  “may”,  “will”,  “would”,  “could”,  “expect”,  “believe”, 
“plan”,  “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “continue”, or the negative or comparable terminology, as  well as terms 
usually used in the future and conditional, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Information contained in forward-looking statements is based upon certain material assumptions that were applied in 
drawing  a  conclusion  or  making  a  forecast  or  projection,  including  management’s  perceptions  of  historical  trends, 
current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other considerations that are believed to be appropriate 
in  the  circumstances.  The  Company  considers  these  assumptions  to  be  reasonable  based  on  information  currently 
available to it, but cautions the reader that these assumptions regarding future events, many of which are beyond its 
control, may ultimately prove to be incorrect since they are subject to risks and uncertainties that affect the Company 
and  its  business.  The  forward-looking  information  set  forth  therein  reflects  the  Company’s  expectations  as  at 
November 15, 2016 and is subject to change after such date. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to 
update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, 
other than as required by law.

OVERVIEW 

Opsens focuses mainly on the measure of Fractional Flow Reserve ("FFR") in interventional cardiology. Opsens offers 
an advanced optical-based pressure guidewire (OptoWire) that aims at improving the clinical outcome of patients with 
coronary artery disease. Opsens is also involved in industrial activities. The Company develops,  manufactures and 
installs innovative fibre optic sensing solutions for critical applications such as the monitoring of oil wells and other 
demanding industrial applications.

In the interventional cardiology field, during fiscal 2015, Opsens initiated a limited market release of its OptoWire 
and OptoMonitor. OptoWire provides cardiologists with a guidewire that offers optimal performance to navigate in 
coronary  arteries  and  cross  blockages  with  ease,  while  measuring  intracoronary  blood  pressure.  This  procedure  is 
called  measurement  of  FFR.  According  to  management  and  industry  sources(1),  the  FFR  market  was  estimated  at 
approximately US$300 million in 2014 and should exceed US$1 billion annually in the medium term.

During fiscal 2015, Opsens received approval to commercialize the OptoWire I and OptoMonitor in the U.S., Europe, 
Japan  and  Canada.  These  combined  markets  represent  approximately  85%  of  the  total  market  worldwide  for  FFR 
products. 

(1)

Opsens FFR Market Calculations based on R. Scott Huennekens, “Volcano’s CEO Hosts NASDAQ Analyst Day” TRANSCRIPT p.5 (2013-03-7), JOHN T. DAHLDORF, “Volcano’s Annual Report

2012” and St. Jude Medical 2015 – Investors Conference , February 6, 2015.

5

On March 16, 2016, Opsens announced receipt of the 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA)  for  the  OptoWire  II.  This  major  regulatory  milestone  allows  the  Company  to  commercialize  its  optical 
guidewire in the U.S., the largest market in the world for these types of products and expanded regulatory clearance 
for  the  OptoWire  II  to  the  U.S.  from  previous  clearances  in  Europe  and  Japan.  On  June  22,  2016,  the  Company 
announced the receipt of Health Canada’s approval to sell the OptoWire II in Canada.

The OptoWire II continues to draw positive comments from cardiology experts around the world. For example, an
article from the  «Circulation Journal» highlighted the performance of the OptoWire. More specifically, the article 
highlighted the  fact  that  traditional  guidewires  showed  an  inevitable  drift  of  the  measure,  despite  major  efforts  to 
minimize it. It is also said that the occurrence of drift is the most annoying problem that can occur during a procedure 
in  a  patient  because  it  is  often  unnoticed  before  the  wire  is  pulled  back  to  the  guiding  catheter  at  the  end  of  the 
procedure, and if it is present, it may invalidate the measurement.  In the article, it is mentioned that in their laboratories, 
they used approximately 100 OptoWire in the past year and they have not observed any drift in any of the OptoWire 
up to now. 

Subsequent to approvals received to commercialize the OptoWire II, the number of orders have increased. In addition, 
many account conversions in Canada, in Europe and in Japan have materialized recently. Opsens also recently began 
its limited market release in the U.S. These recent developments enable Opsens to compete in the growing FFR market.

In Canada, Opsens has been executing its limited market release with its direct sales force following the successful 
completion of a clinical trials on 60 patients. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ease of use, functionality 
and  security  of  Opsens’  OptoWire  and  OptoMonitor  in  patients  with  ischemic  coronary  artery  disease  who  were 
referred for diagnostic angiography.

Opsens expanded its sales channels during the year ended August 31, 2016. Opsens is currently present, with its sales 
channels, in the U.S., in more than 20 countries, in Europe, in Middle East, in Canada and in Japan. To support revenue 
growth with increased production capacity, Opsens recently moved its medical devices business into a new location in 
Quebec City (Canada).

In the industrial sector, Opsens’ technology, expertise and products can serve several markets including aerospace, 
geotechnical,  infrastructures,  oil  and  gas,  mining,  laboratories  and  others.  For  example,  for  the  monitoring  of  the 
integrity of structures (“SHM” for Structural Health Monitoring), qualitative and non-continuous methods have long 
been  used  to  assess  the  structures  and  their  ability  to  perform  their  function.  In  the  past  10  to  15 years,  SHM 
technologies have emerged, creating new exciting fields within the different branches of engineering. SHM is widely 
applied to various types of infrastructures and represents solid growth opportunities considering that many countries 
are  entering  periods  of  pent  up  demand  for  the  construction  of  various  infrastructures  ranging  from  bridges  to 
skyscrapers.

As for the oil and gas market, Opsens, through a distributor, provides fiber optic sensor systems that provide reliable 
real-time  pressure  and  temperature  measurements  at  the  bottom  of  the  wells.  This  information  is  critical  during 
operations such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ("SAGD"), a process that recovers bitumen from oil sands.

Opsens’ broad portfolio of products and technologies can be adapted to measure various parameters in the most harsh 
conditions and provide significant advantages in terms of production optimization and reduced risk to the environment 
and health. 

Opsens holds 10 patents and 2 pending patents to protect its medical and industrial businesses. 

FFR MARKET OPPORTUNITY

For the FFR market, Opsens has developed the OptoWire and OptoMonitor, instruments that assess the significance 
of arterial narrowing (stenosis) resulting from coronary heart disease. Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of 
death in the developed  world and the cost related to the  management and treatment of this disease is a  significant 
burden to society. In recent years, the prevalence of coronary heart disease has increased at a rapid pace. According to 
the American Heart Association ("AHA"), the number of Americans who undergo surgery or cardiovascular operations 

6

On March 16, 2016, Opsens announced receipt of the 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA)  for  the  OptoWire  II.  This  major  regulatory  milestone  allows  the  Company  to  commercialize  its  optical 

guidewire in the U.S., the largest market in the world for these types of products and expanded regulatory clearance 

for  the  OptoWire  II  to  the  U.S.  from  previous  clearances  in  Europe  and  Japan.  On  June  22,  2016,  the  Company 

announced the receipt of Health Canada’s approval to sell the OptoWire II in Canada.

The OptoWire II continues to draw positive comments from cardiology experts around the world. For example, an

article from the  «Circulation Journal» highlighted the performance of the OptoWire. More specifically, the article 

highlighted the  fact  that  traditional  guidewires  showed  an  inevitable  drift  of  the  measure,  despite  major  efforts  to 

minimize it. It is also said that the occurrence of drift is the most annoying problem that can occur during a procedure 

in  a  patient  because  it  is  often  unnoticed  before  the  wire  is  pulled  back  to  the  guiding  catheter  at  the  end  of  the 

procedure, and if it is present, it may invalidate the measurement.  In the article, it is mentioned that in their laboratories, 

they used approximately 100 OptoWire in the past year and they have not observed any drift in any of the OptoWire 

up to now. 

Subsequent to approvals received to commercialize the OptoWire II, the number of orders have increased. In addition, 

many account conversions in Canada, in Europe and in Japan have materialized recently. Opsens also recently began 

its limited market release in the U.S. These recent developments enable Opsens to compete in the growing FFR market.

In Canada, Opsens has been executing its limited market release with its direct sales force following the successful 

completion of a clinical trials on 60 patients. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the ease of use, functionality 

and  security  of  Opsens’  OptoWire  and  OptoMonitor  in  patients  with  ischemic  coronary  artery  disease  who  were 

referred for diagnostic angiography.

Opsens expanded its sales channels during the year ended August 31, 2016. Opsens is currently present, with its sales 

channels, in the U.S., in more than 20 countries, in Europe, in Middle East, in Canada and in Japan. To support revenue 

growth with increased production capacity, Opsens recently moved its medical devices business into a new location in 

Quebec City (Canada).

In the industrial sector, Opsens’ technology, expertise and products can serve several markets including aerospace, 

geotechnical,  infrastructures,  oil  and  gas,  mining,  laboratories  and  others.  For  example,  for  the  monitoring  of  the 

integrity of structures (“SHM” for Structural Health Monitoring), qualitative and non-continuous methods have long 

been  used  to  assess  the  structures  and  their  ability  to  perform  their  function.  In  the  past  10  to  15 years,  SHM 

technologies have emerged, creating new exciting fields within the different branches of engineering. SHM is widely 

applied to various types of infrastructures and represents solid growth opportunities considering that many countries 

are  entering  periods  of  pent  up  demand  for  the  construction  of  various  infrastructures  ranging  from  bridges  to 

skyscrapers.

and health. 

As for the oil and gas market, Opsens, through a distributor, provides fiber optic sensor systems that provide reliable 

real-time  pressure  and  temperature  measurements  at  the  bottom  of  the  wells.  This  information  is  critical  during 

operations such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ("SAGD"), a process that recovers bitumen from oil sands.

Opsens’ broad portfolio of products and technologies can be adapted to measure various parameters in the most harsh 

conditions and provide significant advantages in terms of production optimization and reduced risk to the environment 

Opsens holds 10 patents and 2 pending patents to protect its medical and industrial businesses. 

FFR MARKET OPPORTUNITY

For the FFR market, Opsens has developed the OptoWire and OptoMonitor, instruments that assess the significance 

of arterial narrowing (stenosis) resulting from coronary heart disease. Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of 

death in the developed  world and the cost related to the  management and treatment of this disease is a  significant 

burden to society. In recent years, the prevalence of coronary heart disease has increased at a rapid pace. According to 

the American Heart Association ("AHA"), the number of Americans who undergo surgery or cardiovascular operations 

or  procedures  has  increased  to  about  7.6  million  patients  in  2010.  Based  on  health  data  compiled  from  over  190 
countries, heart disease remains the No. 1 global cause of death with 17.3 million deaths annually based on a report 
from the AHA “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2015 Update”. That number is expected to rise to more than 23.6 
million by 2030.

The benefits of FFR were demonstrated in various clinical studies such as FAME I and FAME II published respectively 
in 2009 and 2012 in the New England Journal of Medicine. The FAME I study showed that FFR-guided treatment 
rather  than  standard  angiography  alone  led  to  a  reduction  in  mortality,  myocardial  infarction,  readmission  for 
percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary bypass by about 30% after a year. In 2011, the American College of 
Cardiology Foundation and the AHA established a class IIA recommendation for the use of FFR during angiography, 
meaning  that  the  proposed  procedure  or  treatment  is  beneficial,  useful  and  effective.  These  developments  have 
contributed to the growth of the market. According to management and industry sources’ estimates, the global FFR 
market reached approximately US$300 million in 2014. Management estimates a potential market of approximately 
US$1 billion in the medium term.

INDUSTRIAL MARKET OPPORTUNITY

Structural  Health  Monitoring market:  the  opportunities  in  this  market  are  related  principally  to  strain,  load  and 
displacement  measurements.  The  applications  are  found  in  geotechnical,  civil  engineering,  energy,  aerospace  and 
O&G sectors. Monitoring of civil engineering structures accounts for a large proportion of this market. Only in Europe, 
there is more than 5 billion square meters of dams and bridges. In the U.S. alone, there are 67,000 unmonitored bridges 
with  an  anticipated  cost  to  repair  or  replace  of  $76  billion.  New  industrial  versions  of  the  strain  sensor  like  the 
extensometer and load cell are the main flagship products for these applications. 

Pressure  Monitoring  Solution market:  the  opportunities  in  this  market  are  principally  related  to  absolute  and 
differential pressure measurements. The measure of the pressure is found in many industrial applications of the energy, 
geotechnical, oil and gas and aerospace sectors. New industrial versions of the pressure sensor and the recent addition 
of a differential pressure sensor are the main flagship products for these applications. 

Traditional Niche Applications market: include niche applications in which Opsens is currently involved like the 
electro  explosive  device  (EED)  application.  It  also  includes  applications  such  as  SAGD  in  Western  Canada  and 
laboratories applications (special projects and custom products). 

BUSINESS STRATEGY

Opsens’ growth strategy is to become a key player in the interventional cardiology market by focussing on the FFR 
procedure where its products and technologies have competitive advantages. The Company also aims to capitalize on 
its technologies and products in industrial markets.

The Company’s FFR growth strategy will be executed by:

• Gaining market shares in the fast-growing FFR market. In fiscal 2015, for the first time, Opsens has generated 
revenues from its FFR offering in the limited market release phase. In fiscal 2016, Opsens expanded its sales 
activities in several markets, which translated in solid revenue growth. Management believes that FFR is used 
in over 15% of PCI, but industry analysts suggest that up to 45% of PCI could advantageously be combined 
with  FFR(2).  Management  is  pursuing a  comprehensive  market  development  strategy  that  highlights  the 
features and distinctive capabilities of the OptoWire and exceed marketing requirements to gain market share 
from competitors and contribute to the expansion of the FFR market. Initially, marketing efforts are focused 
on the Japanese, U.S., European and Canadian markets.

(2)

(3)

D. STARKS, “St Jude Medical 2013 Investor Conference” p.105 (2013-02-01); R. Scott Huennekens, “Volcano NASDAQ Analyst Day” POWERPOINT PRESENTATION p.44 (2013-03-07).

Per 60601-2-34 ed3

7

•

Investing in innovation to enhance the existing applications of the Company’s technology. The Company’s 
commitment to innovation has been a major driving force behind its success. Opsens is constantly working 
to improve its intellectual property portfolio and customer value proposition. In the FFR market, OptoWire is 
designed to provide:

o

o

o

Improved measurement reliability and fidelity from OptoWire’s no drift(3) sensing technology, which 
is essential to the decision-making process of cardiologists; competing FFR sensing technologies 
have higher drift levels;
Improved connectivity, as OptoWire’s connection and measurement accuracy is unaffected by blood 
contamination  and  the  guidewire  can  be  reconnected  easily  without  compromising  measurement 
accuracy; 
Improved  mechanical  performance  from  key  design  attributes  and  product  specifications  such  as 
torquability and steerability.

• Developing  new  applications  for  the  Company’s  medical  technology.  Opsens  plans  to  leverage  its 
technologies and knowledge in the medical devices field to expand into new markets and increase clinical 
applications.  As  the  Company  pursues  opportunities  in  these  new  markets,  it  plans  to  develop  new  FFR 
products and explore product development and marketing partnerships with other leading companies in the 
sector.

•

Expanding and investing in FFR-focused sales force and distribution channels. 

o Distribution agreements: Opsens has signed distribution agreements in more than twenty countries 
in Europe and Asia. These agreements enable Opsens to expand its market penetration worldwide. 
Although the distribution agreements in place cover the most important potential markets, Opsens 
expects to sign additional distribution agreements during fiscal year 2017.
Sales force: Opsens plans on expanding its sales force through hiring additional sales personnel for 
FFR product commercialization. Sales force expansion will aim to increase Opsens’ marketing and 
sales market penetration in the United States and in Canada.

o

The Company’s growth strategy in the Industrial sector will be achieved by:

•

Investing in innovation to enhance applications for the Company's technologies. The Company’s industrial 
line of fiber optic sensors offers unique advantages over traditional sensors in many industries.  For example 
traditional sensors need to be shielded and grounded for their safe operation in aircrafts and spaceships. The 
use of composite materials in the newly developed versions of these flying structures have seriously reduced 
the natural shielding and grounding capacity provided by the older metallic version of these structures. The 
Company’s fiber  optic  strain  and  pressure  sensors  received  attention  from  major  players  in  the  aerospace 
industry because they do not require any shielding or grounding and also because of their ease of deployment. 

In the oil and gas upstream applications using thermal recovery methods like SAGD, the capacity to control 
bottom  hole  pressure  and  temperature  helps  improving  the  steam/oil  ratio  and  to  reduce  operating  and 
pumping costs. Integration of the corporation OPP-W fiber optic pressure and temperature sensor in thermal 
recovery methods allows operators, production and reservoir engineers to monitor in real time, over a large 
area,  pressure  and  temperature  at  the  bottom  of  the  wells.  They  can  manage  efficiently  the  heavy  oil 
production reservoirs. 

8

•

Investing in innovation to enhance the existing applications of the Company’s technology. The Company’s 

commitment to innovation has been a major driving force behind its success. Opsens is constantly working 

to improve its intellectual property portfolio and customer value proposition. In the FFR market, OptoWire is 

designed to provide:

Improved measurement reliability and fidelity from OptoWire’s no drift(3) sensing technology, which 

is essential to the decision-making process of cardiologists; competing FFR sensing technologies 

Improved connectivity, as OptoWire’s connection and measurement accuracy is unaffected by blood 

contamination  and  the  guidewire  can  be  reconnected  easily  without  compromising  measurement 

Improved  mechanical  performance  from  key  design  attributes  and  product  specifications  such  as 

o

o

o

have higher drift levels;

accuracy; 

torquability and steerability.

• Developing  new  applications  for  the  Company’s  medical  technology.  Opsens  plans  to  leverage  its 

technologies and knowledge in the medical devices field to expand into new markets and increase clinical 

applications.  As  the  Company  pursues  opportunities  in  these  new  markets,  it  plans  to  develop  new  FFR 

products and explore product development and marketing partnerships with other leading companies in the 

sector.

•

Expanding and investing in FFR-focused sales force and distribution channels. 

o Distribution agreements: Opsens has signed distribution agreements in more than twenty countries 

in Europe and Asia. These agreements enable Opsens to expand its market penetration worldwide. 

Although the distribution agreements in place cover the most important potential markets, Opsens 

expects to sign additional distribution agreements during fiscal year 2017.

o

Sales force: Opsens plans on expanding its sales force through hiring additional sales personnel for 

FFR product commercialization. Sales force expansion will aim to increase Opsens’ marketing and 

sales market penetration in the United States and in Canada.

The Company’s growth strategy in the Industrial sector will be achieved by:

•

Investing in innovation to enhance applications for the Company's technologies. The Company’s industrial 

line of fiber optic sensors offers unique advantages over traditional sensors in many industries.  For example 

traditional sensors need to be shielded and grounded for their safe operation in aircrafts and spaceships. The 

use of composite materials in the newly developed versions of these flying structures have seriously reduced 

the natural shielding and grounding capacity provided by the older metallic version of these structures. The 

Company’s fiber  optic  strain  and  pressure  sensors  received  attention  from  major  players  in  the  aerospace 

industry because they do not require any shielding or grounding and also because of their ease of deployment. 

In the oil and gas upstream applications using thermal recovery methods like SAGD, the capacity to control 

bottom  hole  pressure  and  temperature  helps  improving  the  steam/oil  ratio  and  to  reduce  operating  and 

pumping costs. Integration of the corporation OPP-W fiber optic pressure and temperature sensor in thermal 

recovery methods allows operators, production and reservoir engineers to monitor in real time, over a large 

area,  pressure  and  temperature  at  the  bottom  of  the  wells.  They  can  manage  efficiently  the  heavy  oil 

production reservoirs. 

NON-IFRS FINANCIAL MEASURE - EBITDAO

The Company quarterly reviews net loss and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortization and Stock-
based  compensation  costs  ("EBITDAO").  EBITDAO  has  no  normalized  sense  prescribed  by  IFRS.  It  is  not  very 
probable that this measure is comparable with measures of the same type presented by other issuers. EBITDAO is 
defined  by  the  Company  as  the  addition  of  net  loss,  current  income  tax  expense,  depreciation  and  amortization,
impairment  of  assets,  financial  expenses  (revenues),  change  in  fair  value  of  embedded  derivative and  stock-based 
compensation  costs.  The  Company  uses  EBITDAO  for  the  purposes  of  evaluating  its  historical  and  prospective 
financial performance. This measure also helps the Company to plan and forecast for future periods as well as to make 
operational and strategic decisions. The Company believes that providing this information to investors, in addition to 
IFRS measures, allows them to see the Company’s results through the eyes of management, and to better understand 
its historical and future financial performance.

Reconciliation of EBITDAO to net loss

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Year Ended 
August 31, 2016
$

Year Ended 
August 31, 2015
$

Year Ended 
August 31, 2014
$

Net loss for the year
Current income tax expense
Financial expenses (revenues)
Change in fair value of embedded derivative
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Amortization of intangible assets
Impairment of assets
EBITDA
Stock-based compensation costs
EBITDAO

(9,282)
-
57
732
549
73
-
(7,871)
451
(7,420)

(2,884)
340
(1)
73
385
62
796
(1,229)
317
(912)

(3,099)
-
114
102
346
48
-
(2,489)
236
(2,253)

The negative variance of EBITDAO for fiscal 2016 when compared with last year is mainly explained by the absence
of non-recurring revenues of $3,457,500 from distribution rights and licensing recorded in 2015. The negative variance 
of EBITDAO is also explained by lower gross margin percentage due to ramp-up of FFR production and by higher 
administrative,  marketing and research and development expenses as explained further below. Other non-recurring 
expenses such as the allowances for obsolete inventories and for doubtful accounts recorded in the industrial sector 
negatively impacted EBITDAO.

9

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars, except for 

information per share)

Year Ended
August 31, 2016
$

Year Ended
August 31, 2015
$

Year Ended
August 31, 2014
$

Revenues
Cost of sales
Gross margin
Gross margin percentage

Administrative expenses
Sales and marketing expenses
R&D expenses
Financial expenses (revenues)
Change in fair value of embedded derivative 
Impairment of assets

Loss before income taxes

Current income tax expense

Net loss and comprehensive loss

Net loss per share - Basic
Net loss per share - Diluted

Revenues 

9,601
7,970
1,631
17%

3,685
3,694
2,744
57
733
-
10,913

(9,282)

-

(9,282)

(0.14)
(0.14)

8,665
3,921
4,744
55%

2,616
1,501
2,303
(1)
73
796
7,288

(2,544)

340

(2,884)

(0.05)
(0.05)

6,788
4,399
2,389
35%

2,398
1,131
1,743
114
102
-
5,488

(3,099)

-

(3,099)

(0.06)
(0.06)

The  Company  reported  revenues  of  $9,601,000  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016, compared  with revenues  of 
$8,665,000 a year earlier, an increase of $936,000 or 11%.

Revenues in the medical sector totalled $6,429,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with revenues of 
$5,035,000 for the same period in 2015. The increase is explained by higher FFR revenues. FFR revenues totalled 
$5,242,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016, an increase of $4,715,000 over the $527,000 reported for the same 
period last year. The increase is also explained by higher other medical revenues of $136,000. 

The increase in revenue was partly offset by the recognition during the year ended August 31, 2015 of non-recurring 
revenues  of  $3,457,500  related  to  a  milestone  payment  of  $1,115,500  (US$1,000,000)  received  from  its  Japanese 
distributor  upon  obtaining  Shonin  approval,  deferred  revenues  amounting  to  $2,002,000  (US$2,000,000)  (“non-
recurring revenues”) recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss when the Company received the CE 
mark  approval  in  Europe  and  by  an  adjustment  on  revenues  of  $340,000 ($US300,000) to  recognize  additional 
revenues from the distribution agreement.

Revenues in the industrial sector totalled $3,172,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with revenues of 
$3,630,000 for the same period in 2015. The decrease in revenues is explained by a non-recurring order worth more 
than $1 million for fiber optic sensor systems for mining operations in South America that was completed during the
second quarter of fiscal 2015. This negative impact was offset by an increase in revenues in the oil and gas activities
of $281,000 when compared with last year.

Given that a proportion of the Company's revenues is generated in U.S., Euro and British pounds dollars, fluctuations 
in the exchange rate affect revenues and net loss. For the year ended August 31, 2016, the average exchange rate was 
higher than the previous year, which affected sales positively by $551,000.

Market acceptance of  FFR and for industrial fiber optic  sensors is increasing in the  Company’s potential  markets. 
However,  some  sectors,  such  as  oil  and  gas,  are  experiencing  challenging  economic  conditions.  To  address  this 

10

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars, except for 

Year Ended

Year Ended

Year Ended

information per share)

August 31, 2016

August 31, 2015

August 31, 2014

Revenues

Cost of sales

Gross margin

Gross margin percentage

Administrative expenses

Sales and marketing expenses

R&D expenses

Financial expenses (revenues)

Change in fair value of embedded derivative 

Impairment of assets

Loss before income taxes

Current income tax expense

Net loss and comprehensive loss

Net loss per share - Basic

Net loss per share - Diluted

Revenues 

$

9,601

7,970

1,631

17%

3,685

3,694

2,744

57

733

10,913

(9,282)

-

-

(9,282)

(0.14)

(0.14)

$

8,665

3,921

4,744

55%

2,616

1,501

2,303

(1)

73

796

7,288

(2,544)

340

(2,884)

(0.05)

(0.05)

$

6,788

4,399

2,389

35%

2,398

1,131

1,743

114

102

5,488

-

-

(3,099)

(3,099)

(0.06)

(0.06)

The  Company  reported  revenues  of  $9,601,000  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016, compared  with revenues  of 

$8,665,000 a year earlier, an increase of $936,000 or 11%.

Revenues in the medical sector totalled $6,429,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with revenues of 

$5,035,000 for the same period in 2015. The increase is explained by higher FFR revenues. FFR revenues totalled 

$5,242,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016, an increase of $4,715,000 over the $527,000 reported for the same 

period last year. The increase is also explained by higher other medical revenues of $136,000. 

The increase in revenue was partly offset by the recognition during the year ended August 31, 2015 of non-recurring 

revenues  of  $3,457,500  related  to  a  milestone  payment  of  $1,115,500  (US$1,000,000)  received  from  its  Japanese 

distributor  upon  obtaining  Shonin  approval,  deferred  revenues  amounting  to  $2,002,000  (US$2,000,000)  (“non-

recurring revenues”) recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss when the Company received the CE 

mark  approval  in  Europe  and  by  an  adjustment  on  revenues  of  $340,000 ($US300,000) to  recognize  additional 

revenues from the distribution agreement.

Revenues in the industrial sector totalled $3,172,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with revenues of 

$3,630,000 for the same period in 2015. The decrease in revenues is explained by a non-recurring order worth more 

than $1 million for fiber optic sensor systems for mining operations in South America that was completed during the

second quarter of fiscal 2015. This negative impact was offset by an increase in revenues in the oil and gas activities

of $281,000 when compared with last year.

Given that a proportion of the Company's revenues is generated in U.S., Euro and British pounds dollars, fluctuations 

in the exchange rate affect revenues and net loss. For the year ended August 31, 2016, the average exchange rate was 

higher than the previous year, which affected sales positively by $551,000.

Market acceptance of  FFR and for industrial fiber optic  sensors is increasing in the  Company’s potential  markets. 

However,  some  sectors,  such  as  oil  and  gas,  are  experiencing  challenging  economic  conditions.  To  address  this 

situation,  Opsens  downsized  and  reviewed  its  business  model.  Consequently,  a  partnership  was  announced  during 
fiscal 2015 with a third party for the installation of its products for the oil and gas market in Western Canada. On 
September 22, 2016, the Company announced a partnership with Precise Downhole Services Ltd. (“Precise”) for the 
commercialization of its product line dedicated to the Canadian oil and gas market. As part of the agreement, Opsens 
appoints Precise as exclusive distributors for the OPP-W sensor product line in the Canadian territory. For the periods 
ended August 31, 2016 and 2015, pricing fluctuations did not have a significant impact on revenues. During the year 
ended August 31, 2015, Opsens began the limited market release phase of its FFR products in Europe and in Japan.
During the quarter ended August 31, 2016, the Company initiated the limited market release in the U.S. Management 
expects that the proportion of revenues generated by FFR will increase in upcoming quarters. 

As of August 31, 2016, the backlog of orders amounted to $1,295,000 ($1,131,000 as at August 31, 2015). Despite a 
slowdown of capital expenditures by major oil and gas producers, significant efforts are being made to increase the 
backlog and expand the customer base. In addition, the Company will benefit from increased revenues in the medical 
field resulting from its regulatory clearances in the U.S., Europe, Japan and Canada.

Gross margin

Information  and  analysis  in  this  section  do  not  take  into  consideration  revenues  from  distribution  rights (nil  and 
$3,457,500 for the years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively). 

Gross margin was $1,631,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with $1,287,000 for the same period last 
year. The gross margin percentage decreased from 25% for the year ended August 31, 2015 to 17% for the year ended
August 31, 2016. The increase in gross margin is explained by higher revenues from FFR products. Despite the increase 
in gross margin, the gross margin percentage for the year ended August 31, 2016 was affected by higher production 
losses due to the arrival of a high number of new employees that needed to be trained and other ramp up costs. In 
addition, gross margin percentage was also impacted by costs incurred by Opsens for the relocation of its activities 
into  a  new  facility.  Following  the  relocation  of  its  medical  activities,  the  Company  had  to  interrupt  most  of  the 
production activities  for approximately  half of the third quarter. Also, the  Company assumed a  high proportion of 
unallocated production overhead costs due to lower level of production than expected. During the year ended August 
31, 2016, the Company had to seek regulatory approval for the facility from various geographies in order to be allowed 
to  manufacture  and  ship  FFR  products.  Finally,  the Company recognized an  allowance  for  obsolete  inventory of 
$457,000 related to its activities in the oil and gas. 

Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses were $3,684,000 and $2,616,000, respectively, for the year ended August 31, 2016 and 2015. 
The increase is explained by a higher allowance for doubtful account related to a client in the oil and gas sector and by
higher rental fees arising from the long-term lease signed by the Company to relocate its medical activities. 

Sales and marketing expenses 

Sales and marketing expenses totalled $3,694,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016, an increase of $2,193,000 over
the  $1,501,000  reported  during  the  same  period  in  2015.  The  increase  is  largely  explained  by  higher headcount,
commissions, publicity, tradeshows, travelling and subcontractor expenses when compared with last year due to the 
expansion of Opsens’ sales channel for its FFR products. 

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses totalled $2,744,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016, an increase of 441,000$ 
over the $2,303,000 reported during the same period in 2015. The variation is explained by higher headcount for our 
FFR activities, partly offset by lower supplies and subcontractors expenses.

11

Financial expenses (revenues)  

Financial expenses reached $57,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with financial revenues of $1,000 
for the  same  period  last  year.  The increase  in  financial  expenses during  fiscal  2016  is explained  by  lower interest 
income of $43,000 related to lower short-term investments, less favorable exchange rate resulting in a negative impact 
of $20,000 compared to last year and by an increase in interest on long-term debt of $12,000. 

Change in fair value of embedded derivative 

The change in fair value of embedded derivative comes from the variance of the fair market value of the conversion 
option component of the convertible debenture. The convertible debenture contains a cash settlement feature, which 
under IAS 32, “Financial Instruments: Presentation”, is accounted for as a compound instrument with a debt component 
and  a  separate  embedded  derivative  representing  the  conversion  option.  Both  the  debt  and  embedded  derivative 
components  of  this  compound  financial  instrument  are  measured  at  fair  value  on  initial  recognition.  The  debt 
component is subsequently accounted for at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The embedded 
derivative is subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date with gains and losses in fair value recognized 
through profit or loss. During the year, an expense of $733,000 ($73,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015) was 
recorded in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

Current income tax expense

During the year ended August 31, 2015, an adjustment on revenues and income tax expense of $340,000 (US$300,000) 
was made to recognize additional revenues from the Japanese distribution agreement and withholding taxes paid by 
the Company. 

Net loss

As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 was $9,282,000 compared with $2,884,000
for the year ended August 31, 2015.   

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Current assets
Total assets

Current liabilities
Long-term liabilities
Shareholders' equity

As at 
August 31, 
2016
$

As at 
August 31, 
2015
$

As at 
August 31, 
2014
$

12,570
16,861

3,067
6,482
7,312

11,077
12,763

2,584
4,286
5,893

14,613
16,789

4,428
4,152
8,209

Total assets as at August 31, 2016 were $16,861,000 compared with $12,763,000 as at August 31, 2015. The increase 
is  mainly related to  higher property, plant and equipment  of $2,515,000 because of acquisitions of equipment and 
investments in leasehold improvements arising from the relocation into the new facility. The increase in total assets is 
also explained by higher trade and other receivables of $1,420,000 and higher inventories of $1,219,000, a result of 
the increase in the FFR activities. This was partly offset by lower cash and cash equivalents of $1,301,000.

Current liabilities totalled $3,067,000 as at August 31, 2016 compared with $2,584,000 as at August 31, 2015. The 
increase is explained by higher accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to the increase of the production of 
FFR products. 

12

Financial expenses (revenues)  

Financial expenses reached $57,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with financial revenues of $1,000 

for the  same  period  last  year.  The increase  in  financial  expenses during  fiscal  2016  is explained  by  lower interest 

income of $43,000 related to lower short-term investments, less favorable exchange rate resulting in a negative impact 

of $20,000 compared to last year and by an increase in interest on long-term debt of $12,000. 

Long-term liabilities totalled $6,482,000 as at August 31, 2016 compared with $4,286,000 last year, an increase of 
$2,196,000. The increase is explained by new loans amounting to $1,410,000 contracted during the year and by higher 
deferred lease inducements of $880,000 related to an amount of $900,000 received from a landlord. These amounts 
were used to finance the relocation costs into the new facility.

SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED QUARTERLY RESULTS

Change in fair value of embedded derivative 

The summary below presents the periods in which Opsens published unaudited interim financial statements.

The change in fair value of embedded derivative comes from the variance of the fair market value of the conversion 

option component of the convertible debenture. The convertible debenture contains a cash settlement feature, which 

under IAS 32, “Financial Instruments: Presentation”, is accounted for as a compound instrument with a debt component 

and  a  separate  embedded  derivative  representing  the  conversion  option.  Both  the  debt  and  embedded  derivative 

components  of  this  compound  financial  instrument  are  measured  at  fair  value  on  initial  recognition.  The  debt 

component is subsequently accounted for at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The embedded 

derivative is subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date with gains and losses in fair value recognized 

through profit or loss. During the year, an expense of $733,000 ($73,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015) was 

recorded in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

During the year ended August 31, 2015, an adjustment on revenues and income tax expense of $340,000 (US$300,000) 

was made to recognize additional revenues from the Japanese distribution agreement and withholding taxes paid by 

Current income tax expense

the Company. 

Net loss

As a result of the foregoing, net loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 was $9,282,000 compared with $2,884,000

for the year ended August 31, 2015.   

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Current assets

Total assets

Current liabilities

Long-term liabilities

Shareholders' equity

August 31, 

August 31, 

August 31, 

As at 

2016

$

12,570

16,861

3,067

6,482

7,312

As at 

2015

$

11,077

12,763

2,584

4,286

5,893

As at 

2014

$

14,613

16,789

4,428

4,152

8,209

Total assets as at August 31, 2016 were $16,861,000 compared with $12,763,000 as at August 31, 2015. The increase 

is  mainly related to  higher property, plant and equipment  of $2,515,000 because of acquisitions of equipment and 

investments in leasehold improvements arising from the relocation into the new facility. The increase in total assets is 

also explained by higher trade and other receivables of $1,420,000 and higher inventories of $1,219,000, a result of 

the increase in the FFR activities. This was partly offset by lower cash and cash equivalents of $1,301,000.

Current liabilities totalled $3,067,000 as at August 31, 2016 compared with $2,584,000 as at August 31, 2015. The 

increase is explained by higher accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to the increase of the production of 

FFR products. 

(Unaudited, in thousands of Canadian dollars,

except for information per share)

Three-month 
period ended
August 31, 2016

Three-month 
period ended
May 31, 2016

Revenues
Net loss for the period

Net loss per share – Basic
Net loss per share – Diluted

$

3,024
(3,025)

(0.04)
(0.04)

$

2,125
(3,076)

(0.05)
(0.05)

(Unaudited, in thousands of Canadian dollars,

except for information per share)

Three-month 
period ended
August 31, 2015

Three-month 
period ended
May 31, 2015

Revenues
Net earnings (loss) for the period

Net earnings (loss) per share – Basic
Net earnings (loss) per share – Diluted

$

1,110
(1,811)

(0.03)
(0.03)

$

831
(1,355)

(0.02)
(0.02)

Three-month 
period ended
February 29,
2016
$

Three-month 
period ended 
November 30,
2015
$

2,741
(1,523)

(0.02)
(0.02)

1,711
(1,658)

(0.03)
(0.03)

Three-month 
period ended
February 28,
2015
$

Three-month 
period ended 
November 30,
2014
$

2,287
(880)

(0.01)
(0.01)

4,437
1,162

0.02
0.02

Historically, the Company’s revenues and net earnings (net loss) results has experienced minimal seasonality.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

On May 27, 2016, the Company entered into a loan agreement of $836,000, net of transaction costs of $9,000, with 
Investissement Québec. This loan bears interest at prime rate plus 0.25%, is payable in monthly instalments of $18,750,
and will be maturing in May 2020. This loan is secured by a movable hypothec on the Company’s assets. Under this 
loan agreement, the Company is subject to certain covenants with respect to maintaining certain financial ratios, which 
were met as of the date of this MD&A.

On May 16, 2016, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement offering for aggregate gross proceeds of 
$4,999,050. In connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 4,761,000 units at a price of $1.05 per unit. 
Each unit consists of one common share in the capital stock of Opsens and one-half of one common share purchase 
warrant, with each whole common share purchase warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share 
at a price of $1.55 until November 16, 2017. 

Expenses of the offering include professional fees and miscellaneous fees for total fees of $102,563. 

13

On May 20, 2016, the Company received an amount $894,000 from the landlord in accordance with the long-term 
lease signed by the Company to relocate its medical activities. This amount is presented in the balance sheet under the 
caption “Deferred lease inducements”.

On April 18, 2016, the Company entered into a loan agreement amounting to $497,500, net of transaction costs of 
$2,500, with Desjardins. This loan bears interest at prime rate plus 2.0%, is payable in monthly instalments of $10,417, 
calculated over an amortization period of forty-eight (48) months and will be maturing  in April 2017. This loan is
secured by a movable hypothec on the Company’s assets. Under this loan agreement, the Company is subject to certain 
covenants with respect to maintaining certain financial ratios, which were met as of the date of this MD&A.

Under  an  agreement  entered  into  with  Canada  Economic  Development  (“CED”),  the  Company  may  receive  a 
refundable  contribution  of  a  maximum  amount  $200,000,  non-interest  bearing,  to  cover  expenses  related  to  the 
commercialization of its OptoWire product for the FFR market. This contribution is paid out based on presentation by 
the Company of invoices related to specific expenses since May 22, 2015. On April 1, 2016, the Company received an 
amount of $65,000 of which $28,000 was recognized against administrative and sales and marketing expenses.

On December 22, 2015, the Company completed a public offering  for aggregate gross  proceeds of $5,000,000. In 
connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 5,681,819 units at a price of $0.88 per unit. Each unit 
consists of one common share in the capital stock of Opsens and one-half of one common share purchase warrant, with 
each whole common share purchase warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share at a price of 
$1.20 until June 22, 2017. 

Expenses of the offering include underwriting fees of $276,202 and other professional fees and miscellaneous fees of 
$323,713 for total fees of $599,915. 

The Company also issued 313,886 broker warrants as additional compensation, each warrant entitling the holder to 
purchase one common share of the Corporation at a price of $0.88 until June 22, 2017.  

Concurrently with the public offering, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement offering of 184,400 
units at a price of $0.88 per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of $162,272. Each unit comprises the same terms and 
conditions than the units issued under the public offering. Expenses related to the private placement amount to $10,083. 

On April 15, 2014, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement with Abiomed in connection with 
its miniature optical pressure sensor technology for applications in circulatory assist devices. The Company has granted 
Abiomed  an  exclusive  worldwide  license  to  integrate  its  miniature  pressure  sensor  in  connection  with  Abiomed’s 
circulatory  assist  devices.  Under  the  agreement,  Abiomed  is  expected  to  pay  Opsens  an  aggregate  amount  of 
US$6 million. Of that amount, US$1,500,000 ($1,647,150) was paid upon closing of the deal, while the balance will 
be disbursed based on the achievement of certain milestones, such as the meeting of certain performance requirements, 
the filing of regulatory application, the obtaining of regulatory approval and the transfer of manufacturing to Abiomed. 

On  February  18,  2014,  the  Company  completed  a  public  offering  for  aggregate  gross  proceeds  of  $8,505,104.  In 
connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 5,340,220 units at a price of $0.75 per unit and 6,164,300 
common shares at a price of $0.73 per common share. Each unit consists of one common share in the capital stock of 
Opsens  and  one-half  of  one  common  share  purchase  warrant,  with  each  whole  common  share  purchase  warrant 
entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share at a price of $1.05 until February 18, 2016. 

Expenses of the offering include underwriting fees of $595,357 and other professional fees and miscellaneous fees of 
$373,991 for total fees of $969,348.

The Company also issued 805,316 broker warrants as additional compensation, each warrant entitling the holder to 
purchase one common share at a price of $0.73 until February 18, 2016. 

On  November  19,  2012,  the  Company  announced  the  granting  of  distribution  and  other  rights  for  OptoWire  and 
OptoMonitor. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received: 

14

On May 20, 2016, the Company received an amount $894,000 from the landlord in accordance with the long-term 

lease signed by the Company to relocate its medical activities. This amount is presented in the balance sheet under the 

caption “Deferred lease inducements”.

On April 18, 2016, the Company entered into a loan agreement amounting to $497,500, net of transaction costs of 

$2,500, with Desjardins. This loan bears interest at prime rate plus 2.0%, is payable in monthly instalments of $10,417, 

calculated over an amortization period of forty-eight (48) months and will be maturing  in April 2017. This loan is

secured by a movable hypothec on the Company’s assets. Under this loan agreement, the Company is subject to certain 

covenants with respect to maintaining certain financial ratios, which were met as of the date of this MD&A.

Under  an  agreement  entered  into  with  Canada  Economic  Development  (“CED”),  the  Company  may  receive  a 

refundable  contribution  of  a  maximum  amount  $200,000,  non-interest  bearing,  to  cover  expenses  related  to  the 

commercialization of its OptoWire product for the FFR market. This contribution is paid out based on presentation by 

the Company of invoices related to specific expenses since May 22, 2015. On April 1, 2016, the Company received an 

amount of $65,000 of which $28,000 was recognized against administrative and sales and marketing expenses.

On December 22, 2015, the Company completed a public offering  for aggregate gross  proceeds of $5,000,000. In 

connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 5,681,819 units at a price of $0.88 per unit. Each unit 

consists of one common share in the capital stock of Opsens and one-half of one common share purchase warrant, with 

each whole common share purchase warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share at a price of 

$1.20 until June 22, 2017. 

$323,713 for total fees of $599,915. 

Expenses of the offering include underwriting fees of $276,202 and other professional fees and miscellaneous fees of 

The Company also issued 313,886 broker warrants as additional compensation, each warrant entitling the holder to 

purchase one common share of the Corporation at a price of $0.88 until June 22, 2017.  

Concurrently with the public offering, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement offering of 184,400 

units at a price of $0.88 per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of $162,272. Each unit comprises the same terms and 

conditions than the units issued under the public offering. Expenses related to the private placement amount to $10,083. 

On April 15, 2014, the Company announced that it had entered into an agreement with Abiomed in connection with 

its miniature optical pressure sensor technology for applications in circulatory assist devices. The Company has granted 

Abiomed  an  exclusive  worldwide  license  to  integrate  its  miniature  pressure  sensor  in  connection  with  Abiomed’s 

circulatory  assist  devices.  Under  the  agreement,  Abiomed  is  expected  to  pay  Opsens  an  aggregate  amount  of 

US$6 million. Of that amount, US$1,500,000 ($1,647,150) was paid upon closing of the deal, while the balance will 

be disbursed based on the achievement of certain milestones, such as the meeting of certain performance requirements, 

the filing of regulatory application, the obtaining of regulatory approval and the transfer of manufacturing to Abiomed. 

On  February  18,  2014,  the  Company  completed  a  public  offering  for  aggregate  gross  proceeds  of  $8,505,104.  In 

connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 5,340,220 units at a price of $0.75 per unit and 6,164,300 

common shares at a price of $0.73 per common share. Each unit consists of one common share in the capital stock of 

Opsens  and  one-half  of  one  common  share  purchase  warrant,  with  each  whole  common  share  purchase  warrant 

entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share at a price of $1.05 until February 18, 2016. 

Expenses of the offering include underwriting fees of $595,357 and other professional fees and miscellaneous fees of 

$373,991 for total fees of $969,348.

The Company also issued 805,316 broker warrants as additional compensation, each warrant entitling the holder to 

purchase one common share at a price of $0.73 until February 18, 2016. 

On  November  19,  2012,  the  Company  announced  the  granting  of  distribution  and  other  rights  for  OptoWire  and 

OptoMonitor. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company received: 

 US$3,000,000 for the distribution rights for Japan, Korea and Taiwan, which includes: 

a. US$2,000,000 ($2,002,000) at signing; 

b. US$1,000,000 ($1,115,500) with the regulatory approval in Japan; 

 US$2,000,000 ($2,002,000) in a form of a subordinated secured convertible debenture, at signing. 

The convertible debenture bears interest at a rate of 2.0% per annum, payable at maturity, which is November 19, 
2017. At the holder’s option, the convertible debenture may be converted into common shares of the Company at any 
time up to the maturity date, at a conversion price representing the market price of the shares. However, the conversion 
price is subject to a minimum of $0.50 and a maximum of $0.75 per common share (the “conversion price”). 

The convertible debenture is also convertible at the Company’s option at the conversion price if the volume-weighted 
average closing price per common share for the twenty trading days immediately preceding the fifth trading day before 
such conversion date is at least $1.20 and if a minimum of 50,000 common shares have traded on the TSX Venture 
Exchange during each of the twenty trading days taken into account in the calculation of the conversion price. 

To secure the repayment of the convertible debenture, a movable hypothec on certain equipment has been given. As 
at August 31, 2016, the net book value of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral was nil ($2,000 as at 
August 31, 2015). This hypothec will rank second to certain long-term loans of the Company. 

As noted above, the convertible debenture contains a conversion option that will result in an obligation to deliver a 
fixed amount of equity in exchange of a variable amount of convertible debenture when translated in the functional 
currency  of  the  Company.  Consequently,  under  IAS  32,  “Financial  Instruments:  Presentation”,  the  convertible 
debenture  is  accounted  for  as  a  compound  instrument  with  a  debt  component  and  a  separate  embedded  derivative 
representing the conversion option. Both the debt and embedded derivative components of this compound financial 
instrument  are  measured  at  fair  value  on  initial  recognition.  The  debt  component  is  subsequently  accounted  for  at 
amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The embedded derivative is subsequently measured at fair value 
at each reporting date with gains and losses in fair value recognized through profit or loss.

The Company has an authorized line of credit for a maximum amount of $200,000, $50,000 of which is available at 
all times and does not take into consideration the margining. When using the line of credit in an amount varying from 
$50,000 and $100,000, the available credit is limited to an amount that is equal to 75% of Canadian accounts receivable 
and 65% of foreign accounts receivable plus 50% of inventories of raw materials and finished goods. If the amount 
used exceeds $100,000, the credit available is limited to an amount equal to 75% of Canadian accounts receivable and 
90% of insured foreign accounts receivable plus 50% of inventories of raw materials and finished goods. This line of 
credit bears interest at the  financial institution’s prime rate plus 2% and is repayable on a  weekly basis by $5,000 
tranches. It is secured by a first-rank movable hypothec for an amount of $750,000 on the universality of receivables 
and inventories. 

As of August 31, 2016, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $5,903,000 compared with $7,204,000 as of 
August 31, 2015. Of this amount as of August 31, 2016, $5,448,000 was invested in highly liquid, safe investments. 
As of August 31, 2016, Opsens had a working capital of $9,503,000, compared with $8,493,000 as of August 31, 2015. 

Based on the cash and cash equivalents position, Opsens has the financial resources necessary to maintain short-term 
operations, honour its commitments and support its anticipated growth and development activities. From a medium-
term perspective, Opsens may need to raise additional financing by issuing equity securities and/or debt. From a long-
term perspective, there is uncertainty about obtaining additional financing, given the risks and uncertainties identified 
in the Risks and Uncertainties section of the annual MD&A. Changes in cash and cash equivalents position will largely 
depend on the rate of revenue growth in upcoming quarters. 

15

SUMMARY OF CASH FLOWS 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Year Ended 
August 31, 2016
$

Year Ended 
August 31, 2015
$

Operating activities
Investing activities
Financing activities
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent
Net change in cash and cash equivalents

(9,523)
(3,120)
11,311
31
(1,301)

(3,474)
(539)
65
531
(3,417)

Operating activities

Cash  flows  used  by  our  operating  activities  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016  were  $9,523,000  compared  with 
$3,474,000 for the same period last year. The increase in the cash flows used by our operating activities is mainly 
explained by a lower EBITDAO as explained.

Investing activities

For the year ended August 31, 2016, cash flows used by our investing activities reached $3,120,000 and were used for 
acquisition of property, plant and equipment for an amount of $3,088,000 and of intangible assets for an amount of 
$127,000. This was partly offset by interest income received of $95,000. Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment 
were made primarily for the relocation in the new facility. 

For the year ended August 31, 2015, cash flows used by our investing activities reached $539,000 and were used for 
acquisition of property, plant  and equipment  for an amount of $585,000 and of intangible assets  for an amount of 
$137,000. This was partly offset by interest income received of $140,000 and by proceeds from disposal of property, 
plant  and  equipment  of  $43,000.  Acquisitions  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  were  made  primarily  for  our  FFR 
activities.

Financing activities

For  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016,  cash  flows  generated  by  our  financing  activities  were  $11,311,000.  The  net 
proceeds from the issuance of shares and units of $10,251,000 and the increase in our long-term debt of $1,399,000 
were partly offset by the $338,000 payment on the long-term debt.

For the year ended August 31, 2015, cash flows generated by our financing activities reached $65,000. The proceeds 
from the issuance of shares of $251,000 were partly offset by the $186,000 payment on the long-term debt.

16

COMMITMENTS

Leases

The Company leases offices in Québec under operating leases expiring on April 30, 2018 and September 30, 2025.
These agreements are renewable for an additional five-year period.

Future payments for the leases, totalling $3,135,000, required in each of the forthcoming years are as follows:

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

$

471,000

416,000

297,000

303,000

310,000

1,338,000

SUMMARY OF CASH FLOWS 

(In thousands of Canadian dollars)

Operating activities

Investing activities

Financing activities

Operating activities

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalent

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

Year Ended 

Year Ended 

August 31, 2016

August 31, 2015

$

(9,523)

(3,120)

11,311

31

(1,301)

$

(3,474)

(539)

65

531

(3,417)

Cash  flows  used  by  our  operating  activities  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016  were  $9,523,000  compared  with 

$3,474,000 for the same period last year. The increase in the cash flows used by our operating activities is mainly 

explained by a lower EBITDAO as explained.

Investing activities

For the year ended August 31, 2016, cash flows used by our investing activities reached $3,120,000 and were used for 

acquisition of property, plant and equipment for an amount of $3,088,000 and of intangible assets for an amount of 

$127,000. This was partly offset by interest income received of $95,000. Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment 

were made primarily for the relocation in the new facility. 

For the year ended August 31, 2015, cash flows used by our investing activities reached $539,000 and were used for 

acquisition of property, plant  and equipment  for an amount of $585,000 and of intangible assets  for an amount of 

$137,000. This was partly offset by interest income received of $140,000 and by proceeds from disposal of property, 

plant  and  equipment  of  $43,000.  Acquisitions  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  were  made  primarily  for  our  FFR 

activities.

Financing activities

For  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016,  cash  flows  generated  by  our  financing  activities  were  $11,311,000.  The  net 

proceeds from the issuance of shares and units of $10,251,000 and the increase in our long-term debt of $1,399,000 

were partly offset by the $338,000 payment on the long-term debt.

For the year ended August 31, 2015, cash flows generated by our financing activities reached $65,000. The proceeds 

from the issuance of shares of $251,000 were partly offset by the $186,000 payment on the long-term debt.

17

INFORMATION BY REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

Sector’s Information

In order to strengthen its medical identity to develop its full potential in the FFR market, the Company reorganized, on 
September  1,  2015,  its  corporate  structure.  Following  the  reorganization,  the  Company  is  now  organized  into  two 
segments: Medical and Industrial.

Medical segment: In this segment, Opsens focuses mainly on the measure of FFR in interventional cardiology.

Industrial segment:  In  this  segment,  Opsens’  develops,  manufactures  and  installs  innovative  fiber  optic  sensing 
solutions for critical applications such as the monitoring of oil wells and other demanding industrial applications.

The principal factors employed in the identification of the two segments reflected in this note include the Company’s 
organizational structure, the nature of the reporting lines to the President and Chief Executive Officer and the structure 
of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets.

In accordance with IFRS 8, Operating Segments, the Company has restated the corresponding information for the year 
ended August 31, 2015 to reflect the corporate reorganization with the exception of the information on segment assets 
and liabilities because the information was not available and the cost to develop it would have been excessive.

The same accounting policies are used for both reportable segments. Operations are carried out in the normal course 
of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which approximates prevailing prices in the markets.

Years ended August 31,

Medical

Industrial

$

$

2016

Total

$

Medical

Industrial

$

$

2015

Total

$

6,429,256

3,171,561

9,600,817

5,034,767

3,629,963

8,664,730

-

413,982

413,982

-

-

-

443,355

105,875

549,230

214,780

170,051

384,831

64,543

8,224

72,767

48,352

13,748

62,100

(167,106)

223,970

56,864

(163,257)

162,691

(566)

-

-

-

(7,247,523)

(2,031,912)

(9,279,435)

340,000

708,560

-

340,000

(2,796,188)

(2,087,628)

2,934,675

131,924

3,066,599

553,062

71,577

624,639

108,264

54,376

162,640

137,036

23,383

160,419

14,281,597

2,579,879

16,861,476

8,973,258

575,795

9,549,053

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

External sales

Internal sales

Depreciation of property,

plant and equipment

Amortization of 

intangible assets

Financial expenses

(revenues)

Current income tax    

expense

Net earnings (loss)

Acquisition of property,
plant and equipment

Additions to 

intangible assets

Segment assets

Segment liabilities

18

INFORMATION BY REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

Sector’s Information

In order to strengthen its medical identity to develop its full potential in the FFR market, the Company reorganized, on 

September  1,  2015,  its  corporate  structure.  Following  the  reorganization,  the  Company  is  now  organized  into  two 

segments: Medical and Industrial.

Medical segment: In this segment, Opsens focuses mainly on the measure of FFR in interventional cardiology.

Industrial segment:  In  this  segment,  Opsens’  develops,  manufactures  and  installs  innovative  fiber  optic  sensing 

solutions for critical applications such as the monitoring of oil wells and other demanding industrial applications.

The principal factors employed in the identification of the two segments reflected in this note include the Company’s 

organizational structure, the nature of the reporting lines to the President and Chief Executive Officer and the structure 

of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets.

In accordance with IFRS 8, Operating Segments, the Company has restated the corresponding information for the year 

ended August 31, 2015 to reflect the corporate reorganization with the exception of the information on segment assets 

and liabilities because the information was not available and the cost to develop it would have been excessive.

The same accounting policies are used for both reportable segments. Operations are carried out in the normal course 

of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which approximates prevailing prices in the markets.

$

-

-

Medical

Industrial

Medical

Industrial

Years ended August 31,

2016

Total

$

$

$

-

$

-

2015

Total

$

-

External sales

Internal sales

Depreciation of property,

plant and equipment

Amortization of 

intangible assets

Financial expenses

(revenues)

Current income tax    

expense

Net earnings (loss)

Acquisition of property,

plant and equipment

Additions to 

intangible assets

Segment assets

Segment liabilities

6,429,256

3,171,561

9,600,817

5,034,767

3,629,963

8,664,730

413,982

413,982

443,355

105,875

549,230

214,780

170,051

384,831

64,543

8,224

72,767

48,352

13,748

62,100

(167,106)

223,970

56,864

(163,257)

162,691

(566)

(7,247,523)

(2,031,912)

(9,279,435)

(2,796,188)

(2,087,628)

340,000

708,560

2,934,675

131,924

3,066,599

553,062

71,577

624,639

108,264

54,376

162,640

137,036

23,383

160,419

14,281,597

2,579,879

16,861,476

8,973,258

575,795

9,549,053

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

The Company’s net loss per reportable segments reconciles to its consolidated financial statements as follows: 

Net loss per reportable segments
Elimination of inter-segment profits

Impairment charge on property, plant and equipment
Impairment charge on goodwill 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

Geographic sector’s information

Revenue per geographic sector

Japan
Canada

United States

Chile
Other*

Years ended August 31,

2016

$

(9,279,435)
(2,234)
-
-

(9,281,669)

2015

$

(2,087,628)
-
(119,663)
(676,574)

(2,883,865)

Years ended August 31,

2016

$

2015

$

3,521,669
2,207,299

1,506,971

6,396
2,358,482

9,600,817

3,978,097
1,350,228

870,179

1,169,182
1,297,044

8,664,730

* Comprised of revenues generated in countries for which amounts are individually not significant.

Revenues are attributed to the geographic sector based on the clients’ location. Capital assets, which include property, 
plant and equipment and intangible assets, are all located in Canada.

During the year ended August 31, 2016, revenues from one client represented individually more than 10% of the total 
revenues of the Company, i.e. approximately 37% (medical’s reportable segment).

During the year ended August 31, 2015, revenues from two clients represented individually more than 10% of the total 
revenues of the Company, i.e. approximately 40% (medical’s reportable segment) and 13% (industrial’s reportable 
segment).

-

-

-

340,000

Medical segment

For the year ended August 31, 2016, revenues from medical segment were $6,429,000 compared with $5,035,000 for 
the  year  ended  August  31,  2015,  an  increase  of  $1,394,000. The  increase  is  explained  by  higher  FFR  revenues  of 
$4,714,000 and by higher other medical revenues of $137,000. This was partially offset by the non-recurring revenues 
recognized  during  the  year  ended  August  31,  2015  of  $3,457,500  and  by  an  adjustment  on  revenues  of  $340,000 
(US$300,000) to recognize additional revenues from the distribution agreement.

Gross margin was $1,042,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with $4,035,000 for the year ended August
31, 2015, a decrease of $2,993,000. The gross margin percentage for the year ended August 31, 2015, without taking 
into  consideration  the  non-recurring  revenues,  was  37%  compared  to 16%  for  year  ended  August 31,  2016.  The 
decrease is explained by higher production losses due to the arrival of a high number of new employees that needed to 
be trained and other ramp up costs. In addition, gross margin percentage was also impacted by costs incurred by Opsens 

19

for the relocation of its activities into a new facility. Following the relocation of its medical activities, the Company 
had to interrupt most of the production activities for approximately half of the third quarter. Also, the Company assume 
a high proportion of unallocated production overhead due to lower level of production than expected. In addition, the 
Company  had  to  seek  regulatory  approvals  for  the  facility  from  various  geographies  in  order  to  be  allowed  to 
manufacture and ship FFR products.

Net loss for the medical segment was $7,248,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with net earnings of 
$708,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015. The increase in net loss is explained by the non-recurring revenues 
recorded during the year ended August 31, 2015 and by higher administrative, sales and marketing and research and 
development expenses as explained previously.

Working capital for the medical segment as at August 31, 2016 was $7,884,000 compared with $7,052,000 as at August 
31,  2015. The  increase of  $832,000 is  due  to higher  accounts  receivables  of  $575,000,  by  higher  inventory  of 
$2,017,000 and by higher prepaid expenses of $165,000. This was partly offset by lower cash and cash equivalents of 
$1,500,000, by lower tax credit receivable of $135,000 and by a higher current portion of long-term debt of $247,000.  

Industrial segment

For the year ended August 31, 2016, revenues from industrial segment were $3,172,000 compared with $3,630,000 
for the year ended August 31, 2015, a decrease of $458,000. The decrease is explained by a non-recurring order worth 
more than $1 million for fiber optic sensor systems for mining operations in South America completed in fiscal 2015 
partly offset by an increase in revenues in the oil and gas when compared with last year.

Gross margin was $591,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with $709,000 for the same period in 2015, 
a decrease of $118,000. Gross margin percentage decrease from 20% for the year ended August 31, 2015 to 19% for 
the same period in 2016. The decrease in gross margin is due to lower revenues combine with an allowance for obsolete 
inventory  of  $457,000  recorded  during  the  year,  a  consequence  of  the  difficult  economic  conditions  prevailing  in 
Alberta for oil and gas producers.  

Net  loss  for the industrial segment  was  $2,032,000  for  the  year  ended  August 31,  2016 compared  to  a  net  loss  of 
$2,796,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015. The decrease in the net loss is explained by lower administrative and 
sales and  marketing expenses reflecting the effectiveness of the Company’s implemented cost reduction measures.
This is partly offset by a higher allowance for doubtful accounts related to a client in the oil and gas. 

Working capital for the industrial segment as at August 31, 2016 was $1,619,000 compared with $1,441,000 as at 
August 31, 2015. The increase of $178,000 is due to higher cash and cash equivalents of $199,000, by higher accounts 
receivable of $845,000, by higher tax credit receivable of $150,000 and by lower deferred revenues of $243,000. This 
is partly offset by a decrease in inventories of $796,000 due to an allowance for obsolete inventory and by higher 
accounts payable of $434,000 when compared with last year. 

FOURTH QUARTER 2016

Revenues

Revenues totalled $3,025,000 for the quarter ended August 31, 2016 compared to $1,110,000 for the same period last 
year. The increase in revenues is explained by higher FFR revenues and other medical revenues. 

Gross margin

Gross margin was ($133,000) for the three-month period ended August 31, 2016 compared to ($105,000) for the same 
period last year, a decrease of $28,000. Gross margin as a percentage of revenues increased from (9%) for the three-
month period ended August 31, 2015 to (4%) for the same period in 2016. The negative gross margin is explained by 
recognition of an allowance for obsolete inventory of $462,000 as explained previously.

20

for the relocation of its activities into a new facility. Following the relocation of its medical activities, the Company 

had to interrupt most of the production activities for approximately half of the third quarter. Also, the Company assume 

a high proportion of unallocated production overhead due to lower level of production than expected. In addition, the 

Company  had  to  seek  regulatory  approvals  for  the  facility  from  various  geographies  in  order  to  be  allowed  to 

manufacture and ship FFR products.

Net loss for the medical segment was $7,248,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with net earnings of 

$708,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015. The increase in net loss is explained by the non-recurring revenues 

recorded during the year ended August 31, 2015 and by higher administrative, sales and marketing and research and 

development expenses as explained previously.

Working capital for the medical segment as at August 31, 2016 was $7,884,000 compared with $7,052,000 as at August 

31,  2015. The  increase of  $832,000 is  due  to higher  accounts  receivables  of  $575,000,  by  higher  inventory  of 

$2,017,000 and by higher prepaid expenses of $165,000. This was partly offset by lower cash and cash equivalents of 

$1,500,000, by lower tax credit receivable of $135,000 and by a higher current portion of long-term debt of $247,000.  

Industrial segment

For the year ended August 31, 2016, revenues from industrial segment were $3,172,000 compared with $3,630,000 

for the year ended August 31, 2015, a decrease of $458,000. The decrease is explained by a non-recurring order worth 

more than $1 million for fiber optic sensor systems for mining operations in South America completed in fiscal 2015 

partly offset by an increase in revenues in the oil and gas when compared with last year.

Gross margin was $591,000 for the year ended August 31, 2016 compared with $709,000 for the same period in 2015, 

a decrease of $118,000. Gross margin percentage decrease from 20% for the year ended August 31, 2015 to 19% for 

the same period in 2016. The decrease in gross margin is due to lower revenues combine with an allowance for obsolete 

inventory  of  $457,000  recorded  during  the  year,  a  consequence  of  the  difficult  economic  conditions  prevailing  in 

Alberta for oil and gas producers.  

Net  loss  for the industrial segment  was  $2,032,000  for  the  year  ended  August 31,  2016 compared  to  a  net  loss  of 

$2,796,000 for the year ended August 31, 2015. The decrease in the net loss is explained by lower administrative and 

sales and  marketing expenses reflecting the effectiveness of the Company’s implemented cost reduction measures.

This is partly offset by a higher allowance for doubtful accounts related to a client in the oil and gas. 

Working capital for the industrial segment as at August 31, 2016 was $1,619,000 compared with $1,441,000 as at 

August 31, 2015. The increase of $178,000 is due to higher cash and cash equivalents of $199,000, by higher accounts 

receivable of $845,000, by higher tax credit receivable of $150,000 and by lower deferred revenues of $243,000. This 

is partly offset by a decrease in inventories of $796,000 due to an allowance for obsolete inventory and by higher 

accounts payable of $434,000 when compared with last year. 

FOURTH QUARTER 2016

Revenues

Gross margin

Revenues totalled $3,025,000 for the quarter ended August 31, 2016 compared to $1,110,000 for the same period last 

year. The increase in revenues is explained by higher FFR revenues and other medical revenues. 

Gross margin was ($133,000) for the three-month period ended August 31, 2016 compared to ($105,000) for the same 

period last year, a decrease of $28,000. Gross margin as a percentage of revenues increased from (9%) for the three-

month period ended August 31, 2015 to (4%) for the same period in 2016. The negative gross margin is explained by 

recognition of an allowance for obsolete inventory of $462,000 as explained previously.

Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses were $833,000 and $631,000 for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2016 and 2015,
respectively. The increase is explained by higher headcount and professional fees.  

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses totalled $1,267,000 for the quarter ended August 31, 2016, an increase of $950,000 over 
the  $317,000  reported  for  the  same  period  in  2015. The  increase  is  largely  explained  by  higher  headcount,
commissions, travelling and subcontractor expenses when compared with last year due to the expansion of Opsens’ 
sales channel for its FFR products. 

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses totalled $702,000 for the quarter ended August 31, 2016, an increase of $24,000 
over  the  $678,000  reported  for  the  same  period  in  2015. The  increase  is  explained  by  higher  headcount for  FFR 
activities.  This  was  partly  offset  by  lower  supplies and  subcontractors expenses than  last  year because  of  the
manufacturing in fiscal 2015 of OptoWire II for the verification and validation phase. 

Financial expenses

Financial expenses  totalled  $2,000  and  $20,000 for  the  three-month  periods  ended  August  31,  2016 and  2015,
respectively. The decrease in financial expenses is explained by a favorable exchange rate resulting in a positive impact 
of $28,000. This was offset by higher interest expense on long-term debt of $9,000.

Change in fair value of embedded derivative 

The change in fair value of embedded derivative comes from the variance of the fair market value of the conversion 
option component for the convertible debenture. During the fourth quarter, an amount of $88,000 ($60,000 for the 
three-month period ended August 31, 2015) was recorded as a loss in the consolidated statement of loss.

Net loss

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  loss  for  the  quarter ended  August  31,  2016 was  $3,025,000 or  0.04 cent  a  share
compared with a net loss of $1,811,000 or 0.03 cent a share for the same quarter in 2015.

INFORMATION ON SHARE CAPITAL

For the year ended August 31, 2016, the Company granted to some employees, Directors and consultants a total of 
2,154,750 stock options with an average exercise price of $0.95, cancelled 93,750 stock options with an exercise price 
of $0.79 and 574,250 stock options with an average exercise price of $0.38 were exercised. 

For the year ended August 31, 2015, the Company granted to some employees and Directors a total of 862,000 stock 
options with an average exercise price of $0.81 and cancelled 620,000 stock options with an average exercise price of 
$0.29. Also, 17,500 stock options with an average exercise price of $0.81 expired and 854,250 stock options with an
average exercise price of $0.27 were exercised.

For the year ended August 31, 2016, the Company issued 5,313,610 warrants with units with an average exercise price 
of $1.36 and issued 313,886 warrants to brokers with an average exercise price of $0.88. Also, 2,670,110 warrants 
expired with an average exercise price of $1.05 and 790,316 warrants with an average exercise price of $0.74 were 
exercised.  

For the year ended August 31, 2015, 25,000 warrants with an average exercise price of $0.73 were exercised.

21

As at November 15, 2016, the following components of shareholders' equity are outstanding:

Common shares
Stock options 
Warrants
Convertible debenture
Securities on a fully diluted basis

72,995,038
5,198,500
5,582,496
3,520,000
87,296,034

The  number  of  shares  that  would  be  issued  upon  conversion  of  the  debenture  may  vary  depending  on  various 
parameters such as the exchange rate and the conversion price per share. In the table above, the conversion was carried 
out on the assumption that the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar is 1.32 and the conversion 
price is equal to $0.75 per share.

No dividend was declared per share for each share class.

RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the normal course of its operations, the Company has entered into transactions with related parties. 

Years ended August 31,

2016

$

2015

$

29,248

25,459

Professional fees paid to a company

controlled by a director

Fees are incurred for the Company’s FFR activities.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

Fair Value

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
approximates their carrying value due to their short-term maturities.

The  fair  value  of  long-term  debt  is  based  on  the  discounted  value  of  future  cash  flows  under  the  current  financial 
arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms and conditions 
and maturity dates. The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value due to the current market rates.

The fair value of the convertible debenture is based on the discounted value of future cash flows under the current 
financial arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms and 
conditions  and  maturity  dates.  The  fair  value  of  the  debt  component  of  the  convertible  debenture  approximates 
$1,905,700 as at  August 31,  2016 ($1,693,400 as at August 31, 2015) and is classified  at level 2 in the fair value 
hierarchy.

Valuation Techniques and Assumptions Applied for the Purposes of Measuring Fair Value 

The  Company  must  maximize  the  use  of  observable  inputs  and  minimize  the  use  of  unobservable  inputs  when 
measuring fair value. The Company primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements. The 
three input levels used by the Company to measure fair value are the following: 

22

As at November 15, 2016, the following components of shareholders' equity are outstanding:

Common shares

Stock options 

Warrants

Convertible debenture

Securities on a fully diluted basis

72,995,038

5,198,500

5,582,496

3,520,000

87,296,034

The  number  of  shares  that  would  be  issued  upon  conversion  of  the  debenture  may  vary  depending  on  various 

parameters such as the exchange rate and the conversion price per share. In the table above, the conversion was carried 

out on the assumption that the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar is 1.32 and the conversion 

price is equal to $0.75 per share.

No dividend was declared per share for each share class.

RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In the normal course of its operations, the Company has entered into transactions with related parties. 

Years ended August 31,

2016

$

2015

$

29,248

25,459

Professional fees paid to a company

controlled by a director

Fees are incurred for the Company’s FFR activities.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS  

Fair Value

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

approximates their carrying value due to their short-term maturities.

The  fair  value  of  long-term  debt  is  based  on  the  discounted  value  of  future  cash  flows  under  the  current  financial 

arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms and conditions 

and maturity dates. The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value due to the current market rates.

The fair value of the convertible debenture is based on the discounted value of future cash flows under the current 

financial arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms and 

conditions  and  maturity  dates.  The  fair  value  of  the  debt  component  of  the  convertible  debenture  approximates 

$1,905,700 as at  August 31,  2016 ($1,693,400 as at August 31, 2015) and is classified  at level 2 in the fair value 

hierarchy.

The  Company  must  maximize  the  use  of  observable  inputs  and  minimize  the  use  of  unobservable  inputs  when 

measuring fair value. The Company primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements. The 

three input levels used by the Company to measure fair value are the following: 

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset 
or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to 
provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. 

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that 
are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. 

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value 
of the assets or liabilities.

The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy under which the Company’s financial instruments are valued.

Financial assets (liabilities) measured at  

fair value: 

Convertible debenture – embedded     

            derivative

Financial assets (liabilities) measured at  

fair value: 

Convertible debenture – embedded     

            derivative

Total

$

(979,635)

As at August 31, 2016

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

-

$

(979,635)

$

-

As at August 31, 2015

Total

$

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

$

$

$

(245,773)

-

(245,773)

-

The convertible debenture contains an embedded derivative that must be measured at fair value at each reporting date 
with gains and losses in fair value recognized through profit or loss. One of the most significant assumptions impacting 
the  Company’s  valuation  of  this  embedded  derivative  is  the  implied  volatility.  The  fair  value  of  the  convertible 
debenture was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model using an implied volatility of 55% (95% in 2015), a 
discount rate of 0.57% (0.44% in 2015) and an expected life of 1.2 years (2.2 years in 2015). A 1% change in the 
implied volatility factor would have changed the fair value of the embedded derivative by $9,575 ($1,840 for the year 
ended August 31, 2015).

Risk Management

The main risks arising from the Company’s financial instruments are credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and 
foreign exchange risk. These risks arise from exposures that occur in the normal course of business and are managed 
on a consolidated Company basis.

Valuation Techniques and Assumptions Applied for the Purposes of Measuring Fair Value 

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its 
contractual obligations. The Company regularly monitors credit risk exposure and takes steps to mitigate the likelihood 
of this exposure resulting in losses. The Company's exposure to credit risk currently relates to cash and cash equivalents 
and to trade and other receivables. The Company’s credit risk management policies include the authorization to carry 
out investment transactions with recognized financial institutions with credit ratings of at least A and higher, in either 

23

bonds, money market funds or guaranteed investment certificates. Consequently, the Company manages credit risk by 
complying with established investment policies. 

The credit risk associated with trade and other receivables is generally considered normal as trade receivables consist 
of a large number of customers spread across diverse geographical areas. Generally, the Company does not require 
collateral or other security from customers for trade accounts receivable; however, credit is extended following an 
evaluation of creditworthiness. In addition, the Company performs ongoing credit reviews of all of its customers and 
establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts when accounts are determined to be at risks and/or uncollectible. Two 
major customers represented 50% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as at August 31, 2016 (33% as at August 
31, 2015).

As at August 31, 2016, 56% (4% as at August 31, 2015) of the accounts receivable were of more than 90 days whereas 
30% (55% as at August 31, 2015) of those were less than 30 days. The maximum exposure to the risk of credit for 
accounts receivable corresponded to their book value. As at August 31, 2016, the allowance for doubtful accounts was 
established at $491,623 ($3,032 as at August 31, 2015).

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities that are  settled in cash and/or another  financial asset. The Company’s approach is to ensure it  will  have 
sufficient liquidity to meet operational, capital and regulatory requirements and obligations, under both normal and 
stressed circumstances. Cash flow projections are prepared and reviewed quarterly by the Board of Directors to ensure 
a sufficient continuity of funding. The funding strategies used to manage this risk include the Company’s access to 
capital markets for equity and debt securities issues. 

The following are the contractual maturities of the financial liabilities (principal and interest, assuming current interest 
rates) as at August 31, 2016 and August 31, 2015:

August 31, 2016

Carrying 

amount

Cash  flows

$

$

0 to 12 

months

$

Accounts payable and 

accrued liabilities

Long-term debt

Convertible debenture

Total

2,041,873

2,041,873

2,041,873

1,784,654

1,930,582

530,651

502,285

897,646

3,792,839

2,898,533

-

2,898,533

-

7,619,366

6,870,988

2,572,524

3,400,818

897,646

12 to 24 

After

months

24 months

$

-

$

-

August 31, 2015

Carrying 

amount

Cash  flows

$

$

0 to 12 

months

$

Accounts payable and 

accrued liabilities

1,657,962

1,657,962

1,657,962

12 to 24 

After

months

24 months

$

-

$

-

Long-term debt

695,088

862,821

244,458

180,646

437,717

Convertible debenture

2,998,702

2,907,594

-

-

2,907,594

Total

5,351,752

5,428,377

1,902,420

180,646

3,345,311

24

bonds, money market funds or guaranteed investment certificates. Consequently, the Company manages credit risk by 

Interest Rate Risk

complying with established investment policies. 

The credit risk associated with trade and other receivables is generally considered normal as trade receivables consist 

of a large number of customers spread across diverse geographical areas. Generally, the Company does not require 

collateral or other security from customers for trade accounts receivable; however, credit is extended following an 

evaluation of creditworthiness. In addition, the Company performs ongoing credit reviews of all of its customers and 

establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts when accounts are determined to be at risks and/or uncollectible. Two 

major customers represented 50% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as at August 31, 2016 (33% as at August 

As at August 31, 2016, 56% (4% as at August 31, 2015) of the accounts receivable were of more than 90 days whereas 

30% (55% as at August 31, 2015) of those were less than 30 days. The maximum exposure to the risk of credit for 

accounts receivable corresponded to their book value. As at August 31, 2016, the allowance for doubtful accounts was 

established at $491,623 ($3,032 as at August 31, 2015).

31, 2015).

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 

liabilities that are  settled in cash and/or another  financial asset. The Company’s approach is to ensure it  will  have 

sufficient liquidity to meet operational, capital and regulatory requirements and obligations, under both normal and 

stressed circumstances. Cash flow projections are prepared and reviewed quarterly by the Board of Directors to ensure 

a sufficient continuity of funding. The funding strategies used to manage this risk include the Company’s access to 

capital markets for equity and debt securities issues. 

The following are the contractual maturities of the financial liabilities (principal and interest, assuming current interest 

rates) as at August 31, 2016 and August 31, 2015:

August 31, 2016

Carrying 

amount

Cash  flows

$

$

0 to 12 

months

$

12 to 24 

After

months

24 months

Accounts payable and 

accrued liabilities

Long-term debt

Convertible debenture

Total

Accounts payable and 

2,041,873

2,041,873

2,041,873

1,784,654

1,930,582

530,651

502,285

897,646

3,792,839

2,898,533

-

2,898,533

7,619,366

6,870,988

2,572,524

3,400,818

897,646

August 31, 2015

Carrying 

0 to 12 

months

12 to 24 

After

months

24 months

amount

Cash  flows

$

$

accrued liabilities

1,657,962

1,657,962

1,657,962

Long-term debt

695,088

862,821

244,458

180,646

437,717

Convertible debenture

2,998,702

2,907,594

2,907,594

Total

5,351,752

5,428,377

1,902,420

180,646

3,345,311

$

-

$

-

-

$

-

$

-

$

-

-

The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is summarized as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Long-term debt
Convertible debenture

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

Fixed interest rates
Non-interest bearing
Non-interest bearing
Non-interest bearing, fixed and variable interest rates
Fixed interest rates

Interest  rate  risk  exists  when  interest  rate  fluctuations  modify  the  cash  flows  or  the  fair  value  of  the  Company’s 
investments  and  embedded  derivative.  The  Company  owns  investments  with  fixed  interest  rates.  As  at  August 31, 
2016, the Company was holding more than 92% (93% as at August 31, 2015) of its cash and cash equivalents in all-
time redeemable term deposits.

All else being equal, a hypothetical 1% interest rate increase would have had an unfavourable impact of $2,487 on net 
loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 (unfavourable impact of $1,100 for the year ended 
August 31, 2015). A hypothetical 1% interest rate decrease would have had a favourable impact of $3,670 on net loss 
and comprehensive loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 (favourable impact of $1,300 for the year ended August 
31, 2015).

Financial expenses (revenues)

Interest and bank charges

Interest on long-term debt

Interest and accreted interest on convertible debenture

Loss (gain) on foreign currency translation

Interest income

Concentration Risk

Years  ended August 31,

2016

$

57,298

44,967

69,629

(3,988)

(111,042)

56,864

2015

$

60,868

32,665

83,225

(23,746)

(153,678)

(566)

Concentration risk exists when investments are made with multiple entities that share similar characteristics or when 
a large investment is made with a single entity. As at August 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company was holding 100% of 
its  cash  equivalents  portfolio  in  all-time  redeemable term  deposits  with  financial  institutions  with  high 
creditworthiness. 

Foreign Exchange Risk

The Company realizes certain sales and purchases and certain supplies and professional services in US dollars, Euros
and British pound. Therefore, it is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. At this time, the Company does not actively 
manage this risk.

25

Foreign Currency Sensitivity Analysis

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the US dollar with all other 
variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 lower ($11,000 higher for the year 
ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the US dollar with all other 
variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 higher for the year ended August 
31, 2016 ($11,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015).

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the Euros with all other 
variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $159,000 higher ($20,000 higher for the 
year ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the Euros with all other 
variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $159,000 lower for the year ended August 
31, 2016 ($20,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the British pound with all 
other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 higher (nil for the year ended 
August  31,  2015).  Conversely,  if  the  Canadian  dollar  had  weakened  10%  against  the  British  pound  with  all  other 
variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 lower for the year ended August 
31, 2016 (nil for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

As at August 31, 2016 and August 31, 2015, the risk to which the Company was exposed is established as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents (US$125,202; US$2,097,017 as at August 

31, 2015)

Cash and cash equivalents (Euro 22,450; nil as at August 31, 2015)
Trade and other receivables (US$440,847; US$182,630 as at August 

31, 2015)

Trade and other receivables (Euro 205,129; Euro 53 625 as at 

August 31, 2015)

Trade and other receivables (British pound 85,745; nil as at August 

31, 2015)

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

(US$317,632; US$289,251 as at August 31, 2015)
Convertible debenture (US$2,144,864; US$2,092,368 as at 

August 31, 2015)

Embedded derivatives (US$746,900; US$186,800 as at August 

31, 2015)

Total

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

As at
August 31,
2016
$

163,903
32,842

578,410

300,083

147,679

As at
August 31,
2015
$

2,759,045
-

240,286

79,167

-

(416,288)

(380,567)

(2,813,204)

(2,752,929)

(979,635)
(2,986,210)

(245,773)
(300,771)

The Company's objective in managing capital, primarily composed of shareholders' equity, long-term debt and the 
convertible debenture, is to ensure sufficient liquidity to fund R&D activities, general and administrative expenses,
sales and marketing expenses, long-term debt, working capital and capital expenditures. 

In the past, the Company has had access to liquidity through non-dilutive sources, including the sale of non-core assets,
long-term debt, investment tax credits and government assistance, interest income and public equity offerings.

26

Foreign Currency Sensitivity Analysis

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the US dollar with all other 

variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 lower ($11,000 higher for the year 

ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the US dollar with all other 

variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 higher for the year ended August 

31, 2016 ($11,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015).

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the Euros with all other 

variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $159,000 higher ($20,000 higher for the 

year ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the Euros with all other 

variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $159,000 lower for the year ended August 

31, 2016 ($20,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the British pound with all 

other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 higher (nil for the year ended 

August  31,  2015).  Conversely,  if  the  Canadian  dollar  had  weakened  10%  against  the  British  pound  with  all  other 

variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 lower for the year ended August 

31, 2016 (nil for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

As at August 31, 2016 and August 31, 2015, the risk to which the Company was exposed is established as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents (US$125,202; US$2,097,017 as at August 

Cash and cash equivalents (Euro 22,450; nil as at August 31, 2015)

Trade and other receivables (US$440,847; US$182,630 as at August 

Trade and other receivables (Euro 205,129; Euro 53 625 as at 

Trade and other receivables (British pound 85,745; nil as at August 

31, 2015)

31, 2015)

August 31, 2015)

31, 2015)

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

(US$317,632; US$289,251 as at August 31, 2015)

Convertible debenture (US$2,144,864; US$2,092,368 as at 

Embedded derivatives (US$746,900; US$186,800 as at August 

August 31, 2015)

31, 2015)

Total

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

As at

August 31,

2016

$

163,903

32,842

578,410

300,083

147,679

August 31,

As at

2015

$

2,759,045

240,286

79,167

-

-

(416,288)

(380,567)

(2,813,204)

(2,752,929)

(979,635)

(2,986,210)

(245,773)

(300,771)

The Company's objective in managing capital, primarily composed of shareholders' equity, long-term debt and the 

convertible debenture, is to ensure sufficient liquidity to fund R&D activities, general and administrative expenses,

sales and marketing expenses, long-term debt, working capital and capital expenditures. 

In the past, the Company has had access to liquidity through non-dilutive sources, including the sale of non-core assets,

long-term debt, investment tax credits and government assistance, interest income and public equity offerings.

As at August 31, 2016, the Company's working capital amounted to $9,502,625 ($8,492,636 as at August 31, 2015), 
including cash and cash equivalents of $5,903,040 ($7,203,612 as at August 31, 2015). The accumulated deficit at the 
same date was $30,539,014 ($21,257,345 as at August 31, 2015). Based on the Company's assessment, which takes 
into account current cash and cash equivalents, as well as its strategic plan and corresponding budgets and forecasts, 
the Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity and financial resources to fund planned expenditures and other 
working capital needs for at least, but not limited to, the 12-month period following the consolidated statements of 
financial position date of August 31, 2016. 

The Company believes that its current liquid assets are sufficient to finance its activities in the short-term.

The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions 
and  the  risk  characteristics  of  the  underlying  assets.  Capital  management  objectives,  policies  and  procedures  have 
remained unchanged since the last fiscal year.

For the  years ended  August 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company  has not been in default  under any of its obligations 
regarding the long-term debt. 

CAPACITY TO PRODUCE RESULTS

As discussed in the section “LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES”, the Company has the required financial 
resources for its short-term operations, to fulfill its commitments, to support its growth plan and for the development 
of its activities. On a mid-term perspective, it is possible that additional financing, through the issuance of shares or 
debt financing or any other means of financing, might be required. 

During  the  next  year,  the increase in  the activity  level  should  require  additional  investment  in  working  capital  of 
approximately  $3,100,000.  Additional  investments  of  approximately  $2,600,000  will  also  be  required  for  the 
acquisition of property, plant and equipment and to finance the anticipated negative EBITDAO.

From the human resources’ perspective, there are no vacancies in the major executive positions within the Company. 
However, additional technical and production personnel as well as sales and marketing personnel will be required to 
support the expected growth. Taking into account the employment market in Canada, Opsens is confident in its capacity 
to recruit qualified human resources in a timely fashion. 

Regarding the strategy on corporate executive remuneration, it is oriented towards creation of long-term value for the 
shareholders. Several corporate executives hold an important share and share-purchase option position, with rights to 
be acquired over a four-year period in order to align shareholders’ interest with corporate executives’ interest. This 
long-term vision stimulates innovation and the development of recurrent revenues.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

There are no IFRSs or International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC") that are effective for the 
first time in 2016 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Not yet adopted

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments

In  July  2014,  the  IASB  issued  the  final  version  of  IFRS  9,  Financial  Instruments.  The  new  standard  will  replace 
IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition and measurement. The final amendments made in the new version include 
guidance for the classification and  measurement of financial assets and a third measurement category for financial 
assets, fair value through other comprehensive income. The standard also contains a new expected loss impairment 
model  for  debt  instruments  measured  at  amortized  cost  or  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income,  lease 
receivables, contract assets and certain written loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts. The standard is 
effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2018  and  must  be  applied  retrospectively  with  some 

27

exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. Restatement of prior periods in relation to the classification and measurement, 
including impairment, is not required. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 replaces all previous revenue 
recognition  standards,  including  IAS  18,  Revenue,  and  related  interpretations  such  as  IFRIC  13,  Customer  loyalty 
programmes. The standard sets out the requirements for recognizing revenue. Specifically, the new standard introduces 
a comprehensive framework with the general principle being that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of 
promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in 
exchange  for  those  goods  or  services.  The  standard  introduces  more  prescriptive  guidance  than  was  included  in 
previous standards and may result in changes in classification and disclosure in addition to changes in the timing of 
recognition for certain types of revenues. On July 22, 2015, the IASB has confirmed a one-year deferral of the effective 
date of IFRS 15 to January 1, 2018.

In April 2016, the IASB issued clarifications to IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers. These clarifications 
provide additional clarity on revenue recognition related to identifying performance obligations, application guidance 
on principal versus agent and licenses of intellectual property. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this 
new standard.

IFRS 16, Lease

On January 13, 2016, the IASB released IFRS 16, Leases, which replace IAS 17, Leases, and the related interpretations 
on  leases  such  as  IFRIC  4,  Determining  whether  an  arrangement  contains  a  lease,  SIC  15,  Operating  leases  – 
Incentives and SIC 27, Evaluating the substance of transactions in the legal form of a lease. This new standard specifies 
how to recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. It also provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring 
lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset 
has  a  small  value.  Accounting  for  the  lessor  remain  substantially  unchanged.  The  standard  is  effective  for  periods 
beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019,  with  earlier  application  permitted  for companies  that  also  apply  IFRS  15, 
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

IAS 7, Statement of cash flows

On  January  29,  2016,  the  IASB  published  amendments  to  IAS  7,  Statements  of  cash  flows.  The  amendments  are 
intended to clarify IAS 7 to improve information provided to users of financial statements about an entity’s financing 
activities. They are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with earlier application being 
permitted. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

RISK FACTORS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Company operates in an industry that contains various risks and uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties listed 
below are not the only ones to which the Company is subject. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known 
by the Company, or which the Company deems to be currently insignificant, may impede the Company’s performance. 
The materialization of one of the following risks could harm the Company’s activities and have significant negative 
impacts on its financial situation and its operating results. In that case, the Company’s stock price could be affected.

In the FFR market, the Company is dependent on the success of the OptoWire, its guidewire measuring FFR and 
cannot be certain that it will achieve the broad acceptance necessary to develop a profitable business. Expected 
future revenues are primarily derived from sales of the OptoWire. The OptoWire is designed to provide cardiologists 
with a pressure guidewire to navigate coronary arteries and cross blockages with ease, while also measuring intra-
coronary blood pressure. The Company expects that sales of its FFR products will account for a majority of its revenues 
for the foreseeable future, however it is difficult to predict the penetration and future growth rate or size of the market 
for FFR technology. The expansion of the FFR market depends on a number of factors, such as: 

28

exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. Restatement of prior periods in relation to the classification and measurement, 

including impairment, is not required. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 replaces all previous revenue 

recognition  standards,  including  IAS  18,  Revenue,  and  related  interpretations  such  as  IFRIC  13,  Customer  loyalty 

programmes. The standard sets out the requirements for recognizing revenue. Specifically, the new standard introduces 

a comprehensive framework with the general principle being that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of 

promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in 

exchange  for  those  goods  or  services.  The  standard  introduces  more  prescriptive  guidance  than  was  included  in 

previous standards and may result in changes in classification and disclosure in addition to changes in the timing of 

recognition for certain types of revenues. On July 22, 2015, the IASB has confirmed a one-year deferral of the effective 

date of IFRS 15 to January 1, 2018.

In April 2016, the IASB issued clarifications to IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers. These clarifications 

provide additional clarity on revenue recognition related to identifying performance obligations, application guidance 

on principal versus agent and licenses of intellectual property. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this 

new standard.

IFRS 16, Lease

On January 13, 2016, the IASB released IFRS 16, Leases, which replace IAS 17, Leases, and the related interpretations 

on  leases  such  as  IFRIC  4,  Determining  whether  an  arrangement  contains  a  lease,  SIC  15,  Operating  leases  – 

Incentives and SIC 27, Evaluating the substance of transactions in the legal form of a lease. This new standard specifies 

how to recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. It also provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring 

lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset 

has  a  small  value.  Accounting  for  the  lessor  remain  substantially  unchanged.  The  standard  is  effective  for  periods 

beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2019,  with  earlier  application  permitted  for companies  that  also  apply  IFRS  15, 

Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

IAS 7, Statement of cash flows

On  January  29,  2016,  the  IASB  published  amendments  to  IAS  7,  Statements  of  cash  flows.  The  amendments  are 

intended to clarify IAS 7 to improve information provided to users of financial statements about an entity’s financing 

activities. They are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with earlier application being 

permitted. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard.

RISK FACTORS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Company operates in an industry that contains various risks and uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties listed 

below are not the only ones to which the Company is subject. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known 

by the Company, or which the Company deems to be currently insignificant, may impede the Company’s performance. 

The materialization of one of the following risks could harm the Company’s activities and have significant negative 

impacts on its financial situation and its operating results. In that case, the Company’s stock price could be affected.

In the FFR market, the Company is dependent on the success of the OptoWire, its guidewire measuring FFR and 

cannot be certain that it will achieve the broad acceptance necessary to develop a profitable business. Expected 

future revenues are primarily derived from sales of the OptoWire. The OptoWire is designed to provide cardiologists 

with a pressure guidewire to navigate coronary arteries and cross blockages with ease, while also measuring intra-

coronary blood pressure. The Company expects that sales of its FFR products will account for a majority of its revenues 

for the foreseeable future, however it is difficult to predict the penetration and future growth rate or size of the market 

for FFR technology. The expansion of the FFR market depends on a number of factors, such as: 

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physicians accepting the benefits of the use of FFR in conjunction with angiography;
physicians experience with FFR products either used alone or jointly used in a single percutaneous coronary 
intervention, or PCI; 
the availability of training necessary for proficient use of FFR products, as well as willingness by physicians 
to participate in such training;
the additional procedure time required for use of FFR compared to the perceived benefits;
the perceived risks generally associated with the use of the Company’s products and procedures, especially 
its new products and procedures;
the  placement  of  the  Company’s  products  in  treatment  guidelines  published  by  leading  medical 
organizations;
the availability of alternative treatments or procedures that are perceived to be or are more effective, safer, 
easier to use or less costly; 
hospitals' willingness, and having sufficient budgets, to purchase the Company’s FFR products;
the size and growth rate of the PCI market in the major geographies in which the Company operates;
the availability of adequate reimbursement; and 
the success of the Company’s marketing efforts and publicity regarding FFR technology.

Even  if  FFR  technology  gains  wide  market  acceptance,  the  Company’s  FFR  products  may  not  adequately  address 
market requirements and may not continue to gain market acceptance among physicians, healthcare payors and the 
medical community due to factors such as:

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the lack of perceived benefit from information related to pressure characteristics of blood around blockages 
available to the physician;
the actual and perceived ease of use of the Company’s FFR products;
the quality of the measurements provided by the Company’s FFR products;
the cost, performance, benefits and reliability of the Company’s FFR products relative to competing products 
and services; and
the extent and timing of technological advances.

If FFR technology generally, or the Company’s FFR products specifically, do not gain wide market acceptance, the 
Company may not be able to achieve its anticipated growth, revenues or profitability and its results of operations would 
suffer.

The  risks  inherent  in  the  Company’s  international  operations  may  adversely  impact  its  revenues, results  of 
operations and financial condition. The Company anticipates that it will derive a significant portion of its revenues 
from operations in Japan, the United States and Europe. As the Company expands internationally, it will need to retain 
and train its distributors, hire, train and retain qualified personnel for its direct sales efforts and train other personnel 
in  countries  where  language,  cultural  or  regulatory  impediments  may exist.  The  Company cannot  ensure  that 
distributors, physicians, regulators or other government agencies outside Canada will accept its products, services and 
business practices. Current or future trade, social and environmental regulations or political issues could restrict the 
supply of resources used in production or increase its costs. Compliance with such regulations is costly. Any failure to 
comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could impact the Company in a variety of ways that include, 
but are not limited to, significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment of individuals, 
fines and penalties, denial of export privileges, seizure of  shipments and restrictions on  certain business activities. 
Failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could result in the disruption of the Company’s 
manufacturing, shipping  and  sales  activities.  The  Company’s  international  sales  operations  expose  it  and  its 
representatives, agents and distributors to risks inherent in operating in foreign jurisdictions, including:

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the Company’s ability to obtain, and the costs associated with obtaining export licenses and other required 
export or import licenses or approvals;
changes in duties and tariffs, taxes, trade restrictions, license obligations and other non-tariff barriers to trade;
burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations related to healthcare products;
costs of localizing product and service offerings for foreign markets;
business practices favoring local companies;

29

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longer payment cycles and difficulties collecting receivables through foreign legal systems;
difficulties in enforcing or defending agreements and intellectual property rights;
differing local product preferences, including as a result of differing reimbursement practices;
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and their impact on the Company’s operating results; and 
changes in foreign political or economic conditions.

The Company cannot ensure that one or more of these factors will not harm the  Company. Inability to expand the 
Company’s international operations would adversely impact its revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

If the third-party distributors that the Company will rely on to market and sell its products are not successful, the 
Company may be unable to increase or maintain its level of revenues. A portion of its revenue will be generated by 
third-party distributors, especially in international markets. If these distributors cease or limit operations or experience 
a disruption of their business operations, or are not successful in selling the Company’s products, it may be unable to 
increase or maintain its level of revenues, and any such developments could negatively affect its international sales 
strategy. Over the long term, the Company intends to grow its business internationally, and to do so it will need to 
attract additional distributors to expand the territories in which the Company does not directly sell its products. The 
Company’s distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell its products. If current or future 
distributors do not continue to distribute the Company’s products or do not perform adequately or if the Company is 
unable to locate distributors in particular geographic areas, it may not realize revenue growth internationally.

The Company may require significant additional capital to pursue its growth strategy, and its failure to raise capital 
when needed could prevent the Company from executing its growth strategy. The Company believes that its existing 
cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, 
the Company may need to obtain additional financing to pursue its strategy, to respond to new competitive pressures 
or to act on opportunities to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products or technologies. The timing and 
amount of the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements may vary significantly depending on 
numerous factors, including:

 market acceptance of its products;
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the revenues generated by its products;
the need to adapt to changing technologies and technical requirements, and the costs related thereto;
the costs associated with expanding its manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution efforts;
the existence and timing of opportunities for expansion, including acquisitions and strategic transactions; and
costs and fees associated with defending existing or potential litigation.

If the Company fails to properly manage its anticipated growth, the  Company could suffer. Rapid growth of the 
Company is likely to place a significant strain on its managerial, operational and financial resources and systems. To 
execute the Company’s anticipated growth successfully, it must attract and retain qualified personnel and manage and 
train  them  effectively.  The  Company anticipates  hiring  additional  distributors  and  personnel  to  assist  in  the 
commercialization of its current products and in the development of future products. The Company will be dependent 
on its personnel and third parties to effectively market and sell its products to an increasing number of customers. It 
will also depend on its personnel to develop and manufacture in anticipated increased volumes its existing products, 
as well as new products and product enhancements. Further, the Company anticipated growth will place additional 
strain on its suppliers resulting in increased need for it to carefully monitor for quality assurance. Any failure by the 
Company to manage its growth effectively could have an adverse effect on its ability to achieve its development and 
commercialization goals.

If  the  Company is  unable  to  protect  its  intellectual  property  effectively,  its  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations could be adversely affected. Patents and other proprietary rights are essential to the Company and its ability 
to compete effectively with other companies is dependent upon the proprietary nature of its technologies. The Company
also relies upon trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop, 
maintain and strengthen its competitive position. The Company seeks to protect these, in part, through confidentiality 
agreements  with  certain  employees,  consultants  and  other  parties.  The  Company pursues  a  policy  of  generally 
obtaining patent protection in both Canada and in key foreign countries for patentable subject matter in its proprietary 

30

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longer payment cycles and difficulties collecting receivables through foreign legal systems;

difficulties in enforcing or defending agreements and intellectual property rights;

differing local product preferences, including as a result of differing reimbursement practices;

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and their impact on the Company’s operating results; and 

changes in foreign political or economic conditions.

The Company cannot ensure that one or more of these factors will not harm the  Company. Inability to expand the 

Company’s international operations would adversely impact its revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

If the third-party distributors that the Company will rely on to market and sell its products are not successful, the 

Company may be unable to increase or maintain its level of revenues. A portion of its revenue will be generated by 

third-party distributors, especially in international markets. If these distributors cease or limit operations or experience 

a disruption of their business operations, or are not successful in selling the Company’s products, it may be unable to 

increase or maintain its level of revenues, and any such developments could negatively affect its international sales 

strategy. Over the long term, the Company intends to grow its business internationally, and to do so it will need to 

attract additional distributors to expand the territories in which the Company does not directly sell its products. The 

Company’s distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell its products. If current or future 

distributors do not continue to distribute the Company’s products or do not perform adequately or if the Company is 

unable to locate distributors in particular geographic areas, it may not realize revenue growth internationally.

The Company may require significant additional capital to pursue its growth strategy, and its failure to raise capital 

when needed could prevent the Company from executing its growth strategy. The Company believes that its existing 

cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, 

the Company may need to obtain additional financing to pursue its strategy, to respond to new competitive pressures 

or to act on opportunities to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products or technologies. The timing and 

amount of the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements may vary significantly depending on 

numerous factors, including:

 market acceptance of its products;

the revenues generated by its products;

the need to adapt to changing technologies and technical requirements, and the costs related thereto;

the costs associated with expanding its manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution efforts;

the existence and timing of opportunities for expansion, including acquisitions and strategic transactions; and

costs and fees associated with defending existing or potential litigation.

If the Company fails to properly manage its anticipated growth, the  Company could suffer. Rapid growth of the 

Company is likely to place a significant strain on its managerial, operational and financial resources and systems. To 

execute the Company’s anticipated growth successfully, it must attract and retain qualified personnel and manage and 

train  them  effectively.  The  Company anticipates  hiring  additional  distributors  and  personnel  to  assist  in  the 

commercialization of its current products and in the development of future products. The Company will be dependent 

on its personnel and third parties to effectively market and sell its products to an increasing number of customers. It 

will also depend on its personnel to develop and manufacture in anticipated increased volumes its existing products, 

as well as new products and product enhancements. Further, the Company anticipated growth will place additional 

strain on its suppliers resulting in increased need for it to carefully monitor for quality assurance. Any failure by the 

Company to manage its growth effectively could have an adverse effect on its ability to achieve its development and 

commercialization goals.

If  the  Company is  unable  to  protect  its  intellectual  property  effectively,  its  financial  condition  and  results  of 

operations could be adversely affected. Patents and other proprietary rights are essential to the Company and its ability 

to compete effectively with other companies is dependent upon the proprietary nature of its technologies. The Company

also relies upon trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop, 

maintain and strengthen its competitive position. The Company seeks to protect these, in part, through confidentiality 

agreements  with  certain  employees,  consultants  and  other  parties.  The  Company pursues  a  policy  of  generally 

obtaining patent protection in both Canada and in key foreign countries for patentable subject matter in its proprietary 

devices and also attempt to review third-party patents and patent applications to the extent publicly available to develop 
an effective patent strategy, avoid infringement of third-party patents, and monitor the patent claims of others.

The  Company currently  owns  numerous  Canadian  and  foreign  patents  and  has  patent  applications  pending.  The 
Company cannot be certain that any pending or future patent applications will result in issued patents, that any current 
or future patents issued will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that the rights granted thereunder will 
provide  a  competitive  advantage  to  it  or  prevent  competitors  from  entering  markets  which  the  Company currently 
serves. In addition, the Company may have to take legal action in the future to protect its trade secrets or know-how 
or to defend itself against claimed infringement of the rights of others. Any legal action of that type could be costly 
and time consuming to the Company despite insurance policies owned by the Company and it cannot be certain of the 
outcome. The invalidation of key patents or proprietary rights which the Company owns or an unsuccessful outcome 
in lawsuits to protect its intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results 
of operations.

Pending and future patent litigation could be costly and disruptive to the Company and may have an adverse effect 
on  its  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  The  Company operates  in  an  industry  that  is  susceptible  to 
significant  patent  litigation  and,  in  recent  years,  it  has  been  common  for  companies  in  the  medical  device  field  to 
aggressively challenge the rights of other companies to prevent the marketing of new devices. Companies that obtain 
patents for products or processes that are necessary for or are useful to the development of its products may bring legal 
actions  against  the  Company claiming  infringement.  Defending  intellectual  property  litigation  is  expensive  and 
complex and outcomes are difficult to predict. Any pending or future patent litigation may result in significant royalty 
or other payments or injunctions despite insurance policies owned by the Company that can prevent the sale of products 
and may cause a significant diversion of the efforts of the Company’s technical and management personnel. While the 
Company intends to defend any such lawsuits vigorously, it cannot be certain that it will be successful. In the event 
that the Company’s right to market any of its products is successfully challenged or if the Company fails to obtain a 
required license or is unable to design around a patent, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations 
could be materially adversely affected.

Quality problems with the processes and products could harm the Company’s reputation for producing high-quality 
products and diminish its competitive advantage, sales and market share. The manufacturing of the FFR products is 
a highly rigorous and complex process, due in part to strict regulatory requirements. Any failure to manufacture our 
products  in  accordance  with  product  specifications  could  result  in  increased  costs,  lost  revenues,  field  corrective 
actions, customer dissatisfaction or voluntary product recalls, any of which could harm the Company’s profitability 
and commercial reputation. Problems may arise during manufacturing for a variety of reasons, including equipment 
malfunction, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures and problems with raw materials. Quality is extremely 
important  to  us  and  our  customers  due  to  the  serious  and  costly  consequences of  product  failure.  Opsens’  quality 
certifications are critical to the marketing success of its products. If the Company’s fails to meet these standards, its 
reputation could me damaged, it could lose customers, and its revenue and results of operations could decline. Aside 
from  specific  customer  standards,  our  success  depends  generally  on  our  ability  to  manufacture  to  exact  tolerances 
precision-engineered components, subassemblies, and finished devices from multiple materials. If the components fail 
to meet these standards or fail to adapt to evolving standards, Opsens’ reputation as a manufacturer of high-quality 
devices will be harmed, its competitive advantage could be damaged, and it could lose customers and market share.

The loss of any of the Company’s sole-source suppliers or an increase in the price of inventory supplied to it could 
have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company purchases 
certain  supplies  used  in  its  manufacturing  processes  from  single  sources  due  to  quality  considerations,  costs  or 
constraints resulting from regulatory requirements. Agreements with certain suppliers are terminable by either party 
upon short notice and the Company has been advised periodically by some suppliers that in an effort to reduce their 
potential product liability exposure, they may terminate sales of products to customers that manufacture implantable 
medical  devices,  and  the  Company may  not  be  able  to  establish  additional  or  replacement  suppliers  for  certain 
components or materials quickly. In addition, the Company may lose a sole-source supplier due to, among other things, 
the acquisition of such a supplier by a competitor (which may cause the supplier to stop selling its products to it) or 
the bankruptcy of such a supplier, which may cause the supplier to cease operations. A reduction or interruption by a 
sole-source  supplier  of  the  supply  of  materials  or  key  components  used  in  the  manufacturing  of  the  Company’s 

31

products or an increase in the price of those materials or components could adversely affect the Company’s financial 
condition and results of operations.

The Company’s might encounter challenges relating to the management and operation of its new facility, and the 
expansion has and will continue to increase its fixed costs, which may have a negative impact on its financial results 
and condition. In June 2015, the Company announced a massive expansion to increase its manufacturing capacity and 
accommodate  its  growing  number  of  employees.  Therefore,  Opsens  entered  into  a  leasing  agreement  for  a  30,000 
square foot building. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to successfully operate this facility in an 
efficient or profitable manner. The Company will also need to transfer its manufacturing processes, technology and 
know-how  to  the  new  facility.  If  the  Company  is  unable  to  operate  this  facility,  or  successfully  transfer  its 
manufacturing processes, technology and  know-how in a timely and cost-effective  manner, or at all, then it  might 
experience disruption in its operations, which could negatively impact its business and financial results.

Instability in international markets or foreign currency fluctuations could adversely affect the Company’s results 
of operations. The Company’s products will be marketed in many countries, with its largest geographic markets being 
Japan, Europe, and the United States. As a result, the Company’s faces currency and other risks associated with its 
international  sales.  The  Company is  exposed  to  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations  due  to  transactions 
denominated  primarily  in  United  States  dollars and Euros  which  may  potentially  reduce  the  Canadian  dollars  the 
Company receives for sales denominated in any of these foreign currencies and/or increase the Canadian dollars the 
Company reports as expenses in these currencies, thereby affecting its reported consolidated revenues, profit margins 
and results of operations. Fluctuations between the currencies in which the Company does business will cause foreign 
currency transaction gains and losses. The Company cannot predict the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations 
upon its future operating results because of the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposures 
and the volatility of currency exchange rates.

In addition to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, there are a number of additional risks associated with the 
Company’s international operations, including those related to: 

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the imposition of or increase in import or export duties, surtaxes, tariffs or customs duties; 
the imposition of import or export quotas or other trade restrictions;
foreign tax laws and potential increased costs associated with overlapping tax structures;
compliance with import/export laws;
longer  accounts  receivable  cycles  in  certain  foreign  countries,  whether  due  to  cultural,  economic  or  other 
factors;
changes in medical reimbursement programs and regulatory requirements in international markets in which 
the Company operates; and
economic and political instability in foreign countries, including concerns over excessive levels of sovereign 
debt and budget deficits in countries where the Company markets its products that could result in an inability 
to pay or timely pay outstanding payables.

Modifications to the Company’s products may require new regulatory clearances or approvals or may require the 
Company to recall or cease marketing its products until clearances or approvals are obtained. Modifications to the 
Company’s products may require the submission of new regulatory filings. If a modification is implemented to address 
a safety concern, the Company may also initiate a recall or cease distribution of the affected device. In addition, if the 
modified devices require the submission of a new regulatory filing and the Company distributes such modified devices 
without obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals, then the Company may be required to recall or cease distributing 
the devices. Regulatory bodies can review a manufacturer’s decision not to submit a modification and may disagree. 
Regulatory bodies can also on their own initiatives determine that clearances or approvals are required. The Company 
may make additional modifications in the future that it believes do not or will not require clearance or approval. If the 
Company  begins  manufacture  and  distribution  of  the  modified  devices  and  regulatory  bodies  later  disagree  the 
Company’s determination and require the submission of new regulatory filing for the modifications, the Company may 
also be required to recall the distributed modified devices and to stop distribution of the modified devices, which could 
have  an  adverse  effect  on  its  business.  If  the  regulatory  bodies  do  not  clear  or  approve  the  modified  devices,  the 
Company may need to redesign the devices, which could also harm its business. When a device is marketed without a 
required  clearance  or  approval,  the  regulatory  bodies  have  the  authority  to  bring  an  enforcement  action,  including 

32

products or an increase in the price of those materials or components could adversely affect the Company’s financial 

condition and results of operations.

The Company’s might encounter challenges relating to the management and operation of its new facility, and the 

expansion has and will continue to increase its fixed costs, which may have a negative impact on its financial results 

and condition. In June 2015, the Company announced a massive expansion to increase its manufacturing capacity and 

accommodate  its  growing  number  of  employees.  Therefore,  Opsens  entered  into  a  leasing  agreement  for  a  30,000 

square foot building. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to successfully operate this facility in an 

efficient or profitable manner. The Company will also need to transfer its manufacturing processes, technology and 

know-how  to  the  new  facility.  If  the  Company  is  unable  to  operate  this  facility,  or  successfully  transfer  its 

manufacturing processes, technology and  know-how in a timely and cost-effective  manner, or at all, then it  might 

experience disruption in its operations, which could negatively impact its business and financial results.

Instability in international markets or foreign currency fluctuations could adversely affect the Company’s results 

of operations. The Company’s products will be marketed in many countries, with its largest geographic markets being 

Japan, Europe, and the United States. As a result, the Company’s faces currency and other risks associated with its 

international  sales.  The  Company is  exposed  to  foreign  currency  exchange  rate  fluctuations  due  to  transactions 

denominated  primarily  in  United  States  dollars and Euros  which  may  potentially  reduce  the  Canadian  dollars  the 

Company receives for sales denominated in any of these foreign currencies and/or increase the Canadian dollars the 

Company reports as expenses in these currencies, thereby affecting its reported consolidated revenues, profit margins 

and results of operations. Fluctuations between the currencies in which the Company does business will cause foreign 

currency transaction gains and losses. The Company cannot predict the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations 

upon its future operating results because of the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposures 

and the volatility of currency exchange rates.

In addition to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, there are a number of additional risks associated with the 

Company’s international operations, including those related to: 















the imposition of or increase in import or export duties, surtaxes, tariffs or customs duties; 

the imposition of import or export quotas or other trade restrictions;

foreign tax laws and potential increased costs associated with overlapping tax structures;

compliance with import/export laws;

longer  accounts  receivable  cycles  in  certain  foreign  countries,  whether  due  to  cultural,  economic  or  other 

changes in medical reimbursement programs and regulatory requirements in international markets in which 

factors;

the Company operates; and

economic and political instability in foreign countries, including concerns over excessive levels of sovereign 

debt and budget deficits in countries where the Company markets its products that could result in an inability 

to pay or timely pay outstanding payables.

Modifications to the Company’s products may require new regulatory clearances or approvals or may require the 

Company to recall or cease marketing its products until clearances or approvals are obtained. Modifications to the 

Company’s products may require the submission of new regulatory filings. If a modification is implemented to address 

a safety concern, the Company may also initiate a recall or cease distribution of the affected device. In addition, if the 

modified devices require the submission of a new regulatory filing and the Company distributes such modified devices 

without obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals, then the Company may be required to recall or cease distributing 

the devices. Regulatory bodies can review a manufacturer’s decision not to submit a modification and may disagree. 

Regulatory bodies can also on their own initiatives determine that clearances or approvals are required. The Company 

may make additional modifications in the future that it believes do not or will not require clearance or approval. If the 

Company  begins  manufacture  and  distribution  of  the  modified  devices  and  regulatory  bodies  later  disagree  the 

Company’s determination and require the submission of new regulatory filing for the modifications, the Company may 

also be required to recall the distributed modified devices and to stop distribution of the modified devices, which could 

have  an  adverse  effect  on  its  business.  If  the  regulatory  bodies  do  not  clear  or  approve  the  modified  devices,  the 

Company may need to redesign the devices, which could also harm its business. When a device is marketed without a 

required  clearance  or  approval,  the  regulatory  bodies  have  the  authority  to  bring  an  enforcement  action,  including 

injunction, seizure and criminal prosecution. Regulatory bodies consider such additional actions generally when there 
is  a  serious  risk  to  public  health  or  safety  and  the  Company’s  corrective  and  preventive  actions  are  inadequate  to 
address the regulatory bodies’ concerns.

If the Company or its suppliers fail to comply with regulatory bodies’ quality system or ISO quality management 
systems, manufacturing of its products could be negatively impacted and sales of its products could suffer. The 
Company’s manufacturing practices must be in compliance with regulatory bodies’ quality system regulation, which 
governs  the  facility,  methods,  controls  procedures,  and  records  of  the  design,  manufacture,  packaging,  labeling, 
storage,  shipping,  installation,  and  servicing  its  products  intended  for  human  use.  The  Company  is  also  subject  to 
similar state and foreign requirements and licenses, including the current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) for 
medical devices, MDD-93/42/EEC and the ISO 13485 Quality Management Systems, standard applicable to medical 
devices. In addition, the Company must engage in regulatory reporting in the case of potential patient safety risks and 
makes available its manufacturing facility, procedures, and records for periodic inspections and audits by governmental 
agencies. If the Company fails to comply with these regulations and standards, its operations could be disrupted and 
its manufacturing interrupted, and it may be subject to enforcement actions if its corrective actions are not adequate to 
ensure compliance.

The Company’s products may in the future be subject to product recalls or voluntary market withdrawals that could 
harm its reputation, business and financial results. Local and foreign governmental authorities have the authority to 
require the recall of commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture 
that  could  affect  patient  safety.  Manufacturers  may,  under  their  own  initiative,  recall  a  product  if  any  material 
deficiency in a device is found or suspected. A government-mandated recall or voluntary recall by the Company or 
one of its distributors could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors, design, labeling defects or 
other issues. Recalls, which include corrections as well as removals, of any of the Company’s products would divert 
managerial and financial resources and could have an adverse effect on its financial condition, harm its reputation with 
customers, and reduce its ability to achieve expected revenues.

The Company is required to comply with medical device reporting, or MDR, requirements and must report certain 
malfunctions, deaths, and serious injuries associated with its products, which can result in voluntary corrective 
actions or agency enforcement actions. Under MDR regulations, medical device manufacturers are required to submit 
information to regulatory bodies when they receive a report or become aware that a device has or may have caused or 
contributed to a death or serious injury or has or may have a malfunction that would likely cause or contribute to death 
or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. All manufacturers placing medical devices on the market are legally 
bound to report any serious or potentially serious incidents involving devices they produce or sell to the competent 
authority in those jurisdictions the incident occurred. If this were to happen to the Company, the relevant competent
authority would file an initial report, and there would then be a further inspection or assessment if there were particular 
issues. This would be carried out either by the competent authority or it could require that the BSI, as the notified body, 
carry out the inspection or assessment.

Malfunctions of the Company’s products could result in future voluntary corrective actions, such as recalls, including 
corrections, or customer notifications, or agency action, such as inspection or enforcement actions. If malfunctions do 
occur, the Company cannot guarantee that it  will be able to correct the malfunctions adequately or prevent further 
malfunctions,  in  which  case  we  may  need  to  cease  manufacture  and  distribution  of  the  affected  devices,  initiate 
voluntary recalls, and redesign the devices; nor can we ensure that regulatory authorities will not take actions against 
us, such as ordering recalls, imposing fines, or seizing the affected devices. If someone is harmed by a malfunction or 
by  product  mishandling,  the Company  may  be  subject  to  product  liability  claims.  Any  corrective  action,  whether 
voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require the dedication of its time and capital, 
distract management from operating the business, and may harm its reputation and financial results.

The Company has a limited operating history, and cannot assure you that it achieves and sustains profitability in 
future periods. The Company was incorporated in 2006 and has been profitable, on a full year basis, only in 2010. Net 
losses for fiscal years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 were $9,282,000 and $2,884,000, respectively. To the extent 
that the Company is able to increase revenues, it expects its operating expenses will also increase as the Company will 
be expanded to meet anticipated growing demand for its products and will devote resources to its sales, marketing and 
research and development activities. If the Company is unable to reduce its operating expenses, the Company may not 

33

achieve profitability. Additionally, expenses will fluctuate as the Company makes future investments in research and 
development,  selling and  marketing and general and administrative activities, including  as a result of new product 
introductions.  This  will  cause  the Company to  experience  variability  in  its  reported  earnings  and  losses  in  future 
periods.  You  should  not  rely  on the  Company’s  operating  results  for  any  prior  quarterly  or  annual  period  as  an 
indication of its future operating performance.

Dependence upon a limited number of clients. Although the Company has numerous clients, a relatively small number 
of them contribute a significant percentage of the Company’s consolidated revenues. For the year ended August 31, 
2016, revenues from one client represented individually more than 10% of the total revenues of the Company, i.e. 
approximately 37%. The Company believes that the degree of dependence will diminish as its sales progress. However, 
if this client reduces current or expected purchases, this could have unfavourable impacts on the Company’s activities, 
its revenues, its financial position and its operating results.

The Company faces intense competition and may not be able to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in 
the medical devices industry. The medical device market is intensely competitive and is characterized by extensive 
research and development and rapid technological change. The Company’s future customers will consider many factors 
when choosing suppliers, including product reliability, clinical outcomes, product availability, inventory consignment, 
price  and  product  services  provided  by  the  manufacturer, and  market  share  can  shift  as  a  result  of  technological 
innovation and other business factors. Major shifts in industry market share have occurred in connection with product 
problems, physician advisories and safety alerts, reflecting the importance of product quality in the medical device 
industry, and any quality problems with the Company’s processes, goods and services could harm its reputation for 
producing high-quality products and erode its competitive advantage, sales and potential market share.

The  Company’s  competitors  are larger  companies  which  have  significantly  greater  resources  and  broader product 
offerings than the Company, and it anticipates that in the coming years, other technologies or corporations could enter 
the FFR market. In addition, the Company expects that competition will intensify with the increased use of strategies 
such as consigned inventory, preferential pricing and bundling of products, and the Company anticipates increasing 
price competition as a result of managed care, consolidation among healthcare providers, increased competition and
declining  reimbursement  rates.  Product  introductions  or  enhancements  by  competitors  which  have  advanced
technology, better features or lower pricing may make the Company’s products or proposed products obsolete or less 
competitive. As a result, the Company will be required to devote continued efforts and financial resources to bring its 
products  under  development  to  market,  enhance  its  existing  products  and  develop  new products  for  the  medical 
marketplace. If the Company fails to develop new products, enhance existing products  or compete effectively, the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Failure to innovate may adversely impact the Company’s competitive position and may adversely impact its ability 
to drive price increases for its products and its product revenues. The Company’s future success will depend upon 
its ability to innovate and introduce enhancements to its existing products in order to address the changing needs of 
the marketplace. The Company also relies on product enhancements to attempt to drive price increases for its products 
in its markets. Frequently, product development programs require assessments to be made of future clinical need and 
commercial feasibility, which are difficult to predict. Customers may forego purchases of its products and purchase its 
competitors' products as a result of delays in introduction of its new products and enhancements, failure to choose 
correctly among technical alternatives or failure to offer innovative products or enhancements at competitive prices 
and in a timely manner. Any delays in product releases may negatively affect the Company. 

Delays in planned product introductions may adversely affect the Company and negatively impact future revenues. 
The Company may in the future experience delays in various phases of product development and commercial launch, 
including during research and development, manufacturing, limited release testing, marketing and customer education 
efforts. Any delays in the Company’s product launches may significantly impede its ability to successfully compete in 
its markets and may reduce its revenues. The Company and its future collaborators may fail to develop or effectively
commercialize products covered by its future collaborations if:




the Company does not achieve its objectives under its collaboration agreements;
the  Company or  its  collaborators  are  unable  to  obtain  patent  protection  for  the  products  or  proprietary
technologies the Company develops with its collaborations; or

34

achieve profitability. Additionally, expenses will fluctuate as the Company makes future investments in research and 

development,  selling and  marketing and general and administrative activities, including  as a result of new product 

introductions.  This  will  cause  the Company to  experience  variability  in  its  reported  earnings  and  losses  in  future 

periods.  You  should  not  rely  on the  Company’s  operating  results  for  any  prior  quarterly  or  annual  period  as  an 

indication of its future operating performance.

Dependence upon a limited number of clients. Although the Company has numerous clients, a relatively small number 

of them contribute a significant percentage of the Company’s consolidated revenues. For the year ended August 31, 

2016, revenues from one client represented individually more than 10% of the total revenues of the Company, i.e. 

approximately 37%. The Company believes that the degree of dependence will diminish as its sales progress. However, 

if this client reduces current or expected purchases, this could have unfavourable impacts on the Company’s activities, 

its revenues, its financial position and its operating results.

The Company faces intense competition and may not be able to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in 

the medical devices industry. The medical device market is intensely competitive and is characterized by extensive 

research and development and rapid technological change. The Company’s future customers will consider many factors 

when choosing suppliers, including product reliability, clinical outcomes, product availability, inventory consignment, 

price  and  product  services  provided  by  the  manufacturer, and  market  share  can  shift  as  a  result  of  technological 

innovation and other business factors. Major shifts in industry market share have occurred in connection with product 

problems, physician advisories and safety alerts, reflecting the importance of product quality in the medical device 

industry, and any quality problems with the Company’s processes, goods and services could harm its reputation for 

producing high-quality products and erode its competitive advantage, sales and potential market share.

The  Company’s  competitors  are larger  companies  which  have  significantly  greater  resources  and  broader product 

offerings than the Company, and it anticipates that in the coming years, other technologies or corporations could enter 

the FFR market. In addition, the Company expects that competition will intensify with the increased use of strategies 

such as consigned inventory, preferential pricing and bundling of products, and the Company anticipates increasing 

price competition as a result of managed care, consolidation among healthcare providers, increased competition and

declining  reimbursement  rates.  Product  introductions  or  enhancements  by  competitors  which  have  advanced

technology, better features or lower pricing may make the Company’s products or proposed products obsolete or less 

competitive. As a result, the Company will be required to devote continued efforts and financial resources to bring its 

products  under  development  to  market,  enhance  its  existing  products  and  develop  new products  for  the  medical 

marketplace. If the Company fails to develop new products, enhance existing products  or compete effectively, the 

Company’s financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Failure to innovate may adversely impact the Company’s competitive position and may adversely impact its ability 

to drive price increases for its products and its product revenues. The Company’s future success will depend upon 

its ability to innovate and introduce enhancements to its existing products in order to address the changing needs of 

the marketplace. The Company also relies on product enhancements to attempt to drive price increases for its products 

in its markets. Frequently, product development programs require assessments to be made of future clinical need and 

commercial feasibility, which are difficult to predict. Customers may forego purchases of its products and purchase its 

competitors' products as a result of delays in introduction of its new products and enhancements, failure to choose 

correctly among technical alternatives or failure to offer innovative products or enhancements at competitive prices 

and in a timely manner. Any delays in product releases may negatively affect the Company. 

Delays in planned product introductions may adversely affect the Company and negatively impact future revenues. 

The Company may in the future experience delays in various phases of product development and commercial launch, 

including during research and development, manufacturing, limited release testing, marketing and customer education 

efforts. Any delays in the Company’s product launches may significantly impede its ability to successfully compete in 

its markets and may reduce its revenues. The Company and its future collaborators may fail to develop or effectively

commercialize products covered by its future collaborations if:





the Company does not achieve its objectives under its collaboration agreements;

the  Company or  its  collaborators  are  unable  to  obtain  patent  protection  for  the  products  or  proprietary

technologies the Company develops with its collaborations; or



the Company or its collaborators encounter regulatory hurdles that prevent commercialization of its products.

If  the  Company or  its  collaborators  are  unable  to  develop  or  commercialize  products,  or  if  conflicts  arise  with its 
collaborators, the Company will be delayed or prevented from developing and commercializing products, which will 
harm the Company and financial results.

Divestitures of any of the Company’s businesses or product lines may materially adversely affect the Company,
results  of  operations  and  financial  condition.  The  Company continues  to  evaluate  the performance  of  all  of  its 
businesses and  may  sell a business or product line. Any divestitures  may result in significant  write-offs, including 
those related to intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of 
operations and financial condition. Divestitures could involve additional risks, including difficulties in the separation 
of operations, services, products and personnel, the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, 
the disruption of the Company’s business and the potential loss of key employees. The Company may not be successful 
in managing these or any other significant risks that it encounters in divesting a business or product line.

If the  Company’s facilities or systems are damaged or destroyed, it may experience delays that could negatively 
impact its revenues or have other adverse effects. The Company’s facilities may be affected by natural or man-made 
disasters.  If  one  of  its  facilities  were  affected  by  a  disaster,  the  Company would  be  forced to  rely  on  third-party 
manufacturers or to shift production to another  manufacturing  facility. In such an event, the Company would  face 
significant  delays  in  manufacturing  which  would  prevent  it  from  being  able  to  sell  its products.  In  addition,  the 
Company’s insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of the potential losses and may not continue to be available to 
it on acceptable terms, or at all. Furthermore, although its computer and communications systems are protected through 
physical  and  software  safeguards,  they  are  still  vulnerable  to fire,  storm,  flood,  power  loss,  earthquakes, 
telecommunications failures, physical or software break-ins, software viruses, and similar events, and any failure of 
these systems to perform for any reason and for any period of time could adversely impact the Company’s ability to 
operate.

The Company is subject to stringent domestic and foreign medical device regulation and any adverse regulatory 
action may materially adversely affect its financial condition and business operations. The Company’s products, 
development  activities  and  manufacturing  processes  are  subject  to  extensive  and rigorous  regulation  by  numerous 
government agencies. To varying degrees, each of these agencies monitors and enforces the Company’s compliance 
with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labelling, marketing and distribution of 
its medical devices. The process of obtaining marketing approval or clearance from these government agencies for 
new products, or for enhancements or modifications to existing products, could:






take a significant amount of time;
require the expenditure of substantial resources;  
involve rigorous pre-clinical and clinical testing, as well as increased post-market surveillance; and
involve modifications, repairs or replacements of the Company’s products, and result in limitations on the 
indicated uses of its products.

The Company cannot be certain that it will receive required approval or clearance from government agencies for new 
products  or  modifications  to  existing  products  on  a  timely  basis.  The  failure  to  receive  approval  or clearance  for 
significant new products or modifications to existing products on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect 
on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Foreign  governmental  regulations  have  become  increasingly  stringent  and  more  common,  and the  Company may 
become subject to even  more rigorous regulation by  foreign governmental authorities in the future. Penalties for a 
company's noncompliance with foreign governmental regulation could be severe, including revocation or suspension 
of a company's business license and criminal sanctions. Any domestic or foreign governmental medical device law or 
regulation imposed in the future may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and business 
operations.

35

The FFR procedures and the cardiovascular field in general are continually the subject of clinical trials conducted 
by  the  Company’s  competitors  or  other  third  parties,  the  results  of  which  may  be unfavorable,  or  perceived  as 
unfavorable by the market, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from existing or future clinical trials conducted by the 
Company, by its competitors or by third parties, or the market's perception of this clinical data, may adversely impact 
its ability to obtain product approvals, the size of the markets in which the Company participates, its position in, and 
share  of,  the  markets  in  which  the Company participates  and  the  Company’s  financial  condition  and  results  of 
operations.  

Any defects or malfunctions in the computer hardware or software the Company utilizes in its products could cause 
severe performance failures in such products, which would harm its reputation and adversely affect its results of 
operations  and  financial  condition.  The  Company’s  existing  and  new products  depend  and  will  depend  on  the 
continuous,  effective  and  reliable  operation  of  computer  hardware  and software.  Any  defect,  malfunction  or  other 
failing in the computer hardware or software utilized by the Company’s products, including products it develops in the 
future, could result in inaccurate readings, misinterpretations of data, or other performance failures that could render 
the Company’s products unreliable or ineffective and could lead to decreased confidence in its products, damage to its 
reputation, reduction in its sales and product liability claims, the occurrence of any of which could have a material 
adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.  Although the Company updates the 
computer software utilized in its products on a regular basis, there can be no guarantee that defects do not or will not 
in the future exist or that unforeseen malfunctions, whether within the Company’s control or otherwise, will not occur.

If the Company fails to obtain or maintain, or experience significant delays in obtaining, regulatory clearances or 
approvals for its products or product enhancements, the Company’s ability to commercially distribute and market 
its products could suffer. The Company’s products are subject to rigorous regulation by federal, provincial, state and 
foreign governmental authorities. The Company’s failure to comply with such regulations or to make adequate, timely 
corrections,  could  lead  to  the  imposition  of  injunctions, suspensions  or  loss  of  marketing  clearances  or  approvals, 
product  recalls,  manufacturing  cessation,  termination of  distribution,  product  seizures,  civil  penalties,  or  some 
combination of such actions. The process of obtaining regulatory authorizations to market a medical device can be 
costly and time consuming, and there can be no assurance that such authorizations will be granted on a timely basis, if 
at  all.  If  regulatory  clearance  or approvals are  received,  additional  delays  may  occur  related  to  manufacturing, 
distribution or product labeling.

Cost containment pressures and domestic and foreign legislative or administrative reforms resulting in restrictive 
reimbursement practices of third-party payors or preferences for alternate therapies could decrease the demand for 
products purchased by the Company’s customers, the prices which they are willing to pay for those products and 
the number of procedures using its devices. FFR products will be purchased principally by healthcare providers that 
typically bill various third-party payors, such as governmental, private insurance plans and managed care plans, for 
the healthcare services provided to their patients. The ability of customers to obtain appropriate reimbursement for 
their services and the products they provide from government and third-party payors is critical to the success of medical 
technology companies. The availability of reimbursement affects which products customers purchase and the prices 
they are willing to pay. Reimbursement varies from country to country and can significantly impact the acceptance of 
new technology. After the Company develops a promising new product, it may find limited demand for the product 
unless reimbursement approval is obtained from private and governmental third-party payors.

Major third-party payors for healthcare provider services continue to work to contain healthcare costs. The introduction 
of  cost  containment  incentives,  combined  with  closer  scrutiny  of  healthcare  expenditures  by  both private  health 
insurers and employers, has resulted in increased discounts and contractual adjustments to healthcare provider charges 
for services performed and in the shifting of services between inpatient and outpatient settings. Initiatives to limit the 
growth of healthcare costs, including price regulation, are also underway in several countries in which the Company
will do business. Implementation of healthcare reforms in the United States and in significant overseas markets such 
as Germany, Japan and other countries may limit the price or the level at which reimbursement is provided for the 
Company’s  products  and  adversely  affect  both  its pricing  flexibility  and  the  demand  for  its  products.  Healthcare 
providers may respond to such cost-containment pressures by substituting lower cost products or other therapies for 
the Company’s products.

36

The FFR procedures and the cardiovascular field in general are continually the subject of clinical trials conducted 

by  the  Company’s  competitors  or  other  third  parties,  the  results  of  which  may  be unfavorable,  or  perceived  as 

unfavorable by the market, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and 

results of operations. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from existing or future clinical trials conducted by the 

Company, by its competitors or by third parties, or the market's perception of this clinical data, may adversely impact 

its ability to obtain product approvals, the size of the markets in which the Company participates, its position in, and 

share  of,  the  markets  in  which  the Company participates  and  the  Company’s  financial  condition  and  results  of 

operations.  

Any defects or malfunctions in the computer hardware or software the Company utilizes in its products could cause 

severe performance failures in such products, which would harm its reputation and adversely affect its results of 

operations  and  financial  condition.  The  Company’s  existing  and  new products  depend  and  will  depend  on  the 

continuous,  effective  and  reliable  operation  of  computer  hardware  and software.  Any  defect,  malfunction  or  other 

failing in the computer hardware or software utilized by the Company’s products, including products it develops in the 

future, could result in inaccurate readings, misinterpretations of data, or other performance failures that could render 

the Company’s products unreliable or ineffective and could lead to decreased confidence in its products, damage to its 

reputation, reduction in its sales and product liability claims, the occurrence of any of which could have a material 

adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.  Although the Company updates the 

computer software utilized in its products on a regular basis, there can be no guarantee that defects do not or will not 

in the future exist or that unforeseen malfunctions, whether within the Company’s control or otherwise, will not occur.

If the Company fails to obtain or maintain, or experience significant delays in obtaining, regulatory clearances or 

approvals for its products or product enhancements, the Company’s ability to commercially distribute and market 

its products could suffer. The Company’s products are subject to rigorous regulation by federal, provincial, state and 

foreign governmental authorities. The Company’s failure to comply with such regulations or to make adequate, timely 

corrections,  could  lead  to  the  imposition  of  injunctions, suspensions  or  loss  of  marketing  clearances  or  approvals, 

product  recalls,  manufacturing  cessation,  termination of  distribution,  product  seizures,  civil  penalties,  or  some 

combination of such actions. The process of obtaining regulatory authorizations to market a medical device can be 

costly and time consuming, and there can be no assurance that such authorizations will be granted on a timely basis, if 

at  all.  If  regulatory  clearance  or approvals are  received,  additional  delays  may  occur  related  to  manufacturing, 

distribution or product labeling.

Cost containment pressures and domestic and foreign legislative or administrative reforms resulting in restrictive 

reimbursement practices of third-party payors or preferences for alternate therapies could decrease the demand for 

products purchased by the Company’s customers, the prices which they are willing to pay for those products and 

the number of procedures using its devices. FFR products will be purchased principally by healthcare providers that 

typically bill various third-party payors, such as governmental, private insurance plans and managed care plans, for 

the healthcare services provided to their patients. The ability of customers to obtain appropriate reimbursement for 

their services and the products they provide from government and third-party payors is critical to the success of medical 

technology companies. The availability of reimbursement affects which products customers purchase and the prices 

they are willing to pay. Reimbursement varies from country to country and can significantly impact the acceptance of 

new technology. After the Company develops a promising new product, it may find limited demand for the product 

unless reimbursement approval is obtained from private and governmental third-party payors.

Major third-party payors for healthcare provider services continue to work to contain healthcare costs. The introduction 

of  cost  containment  incentives,  combined  with  closer  scrutiny  of  healthcare  expenditures  by  both private  health 

insurers and employers, has resulted in increased discounts and contractual adjustments to healthcare provider charges 

for services performed and in the shifting of services between inpatient and outpatient settings. Initiatives to limit the 

growth of healthcare costs, including price regulation, are also underway in several countries in which the Company

will do business. Implementation of healthcare reforms in the United States and in significant overseas markets such 

as Germany, Japan and other countries may limit the price or the level at which reimbursement is provided for the 

Company’s  products  and  adversely  affect  both  its pricing  flexibility  and  the  demand  for  its  products.  Healthcare 

providers may respond to such cost-containment pressures by substituting lower cost products or other therapies for 

the Company’s products.

Consolidation  in  the  healthcare  industry  could  lead  to  demands  for  price  concessions  or  limit  or eliminate  the 
Company’s ability to sell to certain of its significant market segments. The cost of healthcare has risen significantly 
over the past decade and numerous initiatives and reforms initiated by legislators, regulators and third-party payors to 
curb these costs have resulted in a consolidation trend in the medical device industry as well as among the Company’s 
future customers, including healthcare providers. This in turn has resulted in greater pricing pressures and limitations 
on  the  Company’s  ability  to  sell  to important  market  segments,  as  group  purchasing  organizations,  independent 
delivery networks and large single accounts. The Company expects that market demand, government regulation, third-
party  reimbursement policies  and  societal  pressures  will  continue  to  change the  worldwide  healthcare  industry, 
resulting in further business consolidations and alliances which may exert further downward pressure on the prices of 
its products and adversely impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The success of the OptoWire depends upon strong relationships with physicians and other healthcare professionals. 
If the Company fails to build working relationships with physicians and other healthcare professionals, many of its 
products may not be developed and marketed in line with the needs and expectations of the professionals who support 
its products. The research, development, marketing and sales of many of its new and improved products is dependent 
upon the Company maintaining working relationships with physicians as well as other healthcare professionals, who 
are becoming increasingly instrumental in making purchasing decisions for its products. The Company relies on these 
professionals to provide it with considerable knowledge and experience regarding its products and the marketing and 
sale of its products. Physicians also assist the Company as researchers, marketing consultants, product consultants, 
inventors and as public speakers. If the Company is unable to maintain its strong relationships with these professionals 
and continue to receive their advice and input, the development and marketing and sales of its products could suffer,
which  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  its  financial  condition  and  results  of  operations.  The  Company’s
relationships with physicians and other healthcare professionals and other providers that use its products are regulated 
under various laws. In addition, the Company has in place and is continuously improving its internal business integrity 
and compliance program and policies. Failure to comply with the United States federal anti kickback law or similar 
state or foreign law could result in criminal or civil penalties.

OTHER INFORMATION

Updated information on the Company can be found on the SEDAR Web site at http://www.sedar.com.

On behalf of management,
Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary

(s) Thierry Dumas
_______________  
November 15, 2016

37

Consolidated Financial Statements  

Opsens Inc. 

Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

38

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deloitte LLP 
925 Grande Allée West 
Suite 400 
Québec QC  G1S 4Z4 
Canada 

Tel.: 418-624-3333 
Fax. : 418-624-0414 
www.deloitte.ca 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

To the Shareholders of Opsens Inc. 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Opsens Inc., which comprise 
the consolidated statements of financial position as at August 31, 2016, and August 31, 2015, and 
the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, consolidated statements of changes in 
equity and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant 
accounting policies and other explanatory information.  

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial 
statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International 
Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to 
enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, 
whether due to fraud or error. 

Auditor’s Responsibility 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. 
We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Those 
standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain 
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material 
misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures 
in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, 
including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control 
relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order 
to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing 
an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the 
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. 

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our audit opinion.  

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of Opsens Inc. as at August 31, 2016, and August 31, 2015, and its financial performance and its 
cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.  

/s/ Deloitte LLP 1 

November 15, 2016 

___________________ 
1 CPA auditor, CA, public accountancy permit No. A112991 

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
41

Opsens Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

Revenues 

      Sales

      Distribution rights (note 12a) 

      Licensing (note 12b) 

Cost of sales 

Gross margin 

Expenses (revenues) (note 25) 

  Administrative

  Sales and marketing

  Research and development 

Financial expenses (revenues) (note 26) 

  Change in fair value of embedded derivative (note 14) 

     Impairment of assets (note 9) 

Loss before income taxes 

Current income tax expense (note 12a) 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

9,233,401  

-  

367,416  

9,600,817  

4,840,821 

3,457,500 

366,409 

8,664,730 

7,970,239  

3,920,547 

1,630,578  

4,744,183 

3,684,431  

3,694,310  

2,744,217  

56,864  

732,425  

-  

2,615,830 

1,500,911 

2,302,365 

(566) 

73,271 

796,237 

10,912,247  

7,288,048 

(9,281,669 ) 

(2,543,865) 

-  

340,000 

Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to shareholders 

(9,281,669 ) 

(2,883,865) 

Basic and diluted net loss per share (note 16) 

(0.14 ) 

(0.05) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.  

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
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44 O

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
Opsens Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 

Assets 
Current 
  Cash and cash equivalents (note 17) 
Trade and other receivables (note 5) 
Tax credits receivable (note 22) 
Inventories (note 6) 

  Prepaid expenses 

Property, plant and equipment (note 7) 
Intangible assets (note 8) 

Liabilities 
Current 
  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 11) 
  Warranty provision (note 19) 
  Current portion of deferred revenues (note 12) 
  Current portion of long-term debt (note 13) 

Deferred revenues (note 12) 
Long-term debt (note 13) 
Convertible debenture (note 14) 
Deferred lease inducements 

Shareholders’ equity 
  Share capital (note 15a) 
  Reserve – Stock option plan (note 15b) 
  Reserve – Warrants (note 15c) 
  Deficit 

Commitments (note 18) 

As at August 31, 
2016 
$  

  As at August 31, 
2015
$ 

5,903,040  
1,981,426  
365,000  
4,056,824  
263,734  
12,570,024  

3,646,849  
644,603  
16,861,476  

2,041,873  
177,870  
366,408  
481,248  
3,067,399  

408,085  
1,303,406  
3,792,839  
977,324  
9,549,053  

7,203,612 
561,093 
350,000 
2,837,770 
124,369 
11,076,844 

1,131,679 
554,730 
12,763,253 

1,657,962 
84,000 
609,937 
232,309 
2,584,208 

774,499 
462,779 
2,998,702 
49,626 
6,869,814 

32,677,611  
1,920,089  
3,253,737  
(30,539,014 ) 
7,312,423  
16,861,476  

23,226,679 
1,608,161 
2,315,944 
(21,257,345) 
5,893,439 
12,763,253 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.  

Approved by the board 

           Signed [Jean Lavigueur]                  director 

           Signed [Louis Laflamme]                 director 

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

Operating activities 
  Net loss  
  Adjustments for: 

     Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
     Amortization of intangible assets 
     Impairment of assets (note 9) 
     Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
     Stock-based compensation costs 
     Change in fair value of embedded derivative 
     Interest expense (revenue) 
     Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash 

     equivalents 

     Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain) 

          Government grants on long-term debt 
  Changes in non-cash operating 

  working capital items (note 17) 

Investing activities 
  Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
  Additions to intangible assets 
  Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 

Interest received 

Financing activities 
     Increase in long-term debt, net of transaction costs 
     Reimbursement of long-term debt 
     Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants (note 15a) 
     Shares and warrants issue costs (note 15a) 

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash 

and cash equivalents 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents  
Cash and cash equivalents – Beginning of year 

Cash and cash equivalents – End of year 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

(9,281,669 ) 

(2,883,865) 

549,230  
72,767  
-  
2,199  
451,096  
732,425  
32,095  

(31,730 ) 
(8,159 ) 
(27,858 ) 

384,831 
62,100 
796,237 
(11,721) 
316,873 
73,271 
(1,790) 

(530,598) 
482,649 
- 

(2,013,884 ) 

(9,523,488 ) 

(2,161,771) 

(3,473,784) 

(3,088,204 ) 
(126,723 ) 
-  
94,806  

(3,120,121 ) 

1,398,637  
(338,243 ) 
10,962,118  
(711,205 ) 

11,311,307  

(584,985) 
(136,700) 
43,000 
139,614 

(539,071) 

- 
(186,344) 
251,202 
- 

64,858 

31,730  

530,598 

(1,300,572 ) 
7,203,612  

5,903,040  

(3,417,399) 
10,621,011 

7,203,612 

Additional information on the consolidated statements of cash flows is presented in note 17. 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

1. 

Incorporation and Description of Business 

Opsens  Inc.  (“Opsens”  or  the  “Company”)  is  incorporated  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (Quebec). 
Opsens focuses mainly on the measure of Fractional Flow Reserve ("FFR") in interventional cardiology. Opsens 
offers an advanced optical-based pressure guidewire (OptoWire) that aims at improving the clinical outcome of 
patients with coronary artery disease. Opsens is also involved in industrial activities. The Company develops, 
manufactures and installs innovative fibre optic sensing solutions for critical applications such as the monitoring 
of oil wells and other demanding industrial applications. The Company’s head office is located at 750, boulevard 
du Parc-Technologique, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1P 4S3. 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  

The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are as follows: 

Basis of Measurement 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the 
embedded derivative, which is measured at fair value. 

Basis of Preparation 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting 
Standards  (“IFRS”),  as  issued  by  the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  (“IASB”).  The  Company  has 
consistently applied the accounting policies throughout all years presented.  

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical 
accounting  estimates.  It  also  requires  management  to  exercise  its  judgement  in  the  process  of  applying  the 
Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where 
assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in note 3.  

Basis of Consolidation  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  those  of  its  wholly-owned 
subsidiary, Opsens Solutions Inc. All intra-group transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated 
in full on consolidation until they are realized with a third party. 

Subsidiaries 

Subsidiaries are all entities controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when it is exposed to, 
or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns 
through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date control is obtained and they 
are no longer consolidated at the date control ceases. 

Changes in the parent company’s ownership interest in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are 
accounted for as equity transactions. 

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Revenue Recognition

The  Company’s  revenue  related  to  the  sales  of  products  are  measured  at  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration 
received or receivable upon shipment of the product and when the risks and rewards of ownership have been 
transferred to the customer, when there is no continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated 
with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, when the amount of revenue can be measured reliably 
and when the recovery of the consideration is probable and the associated costs and possible return of goods 
can be measured. 

Industrial  reportable  segment  revenues  related  to  the  sales  of  products  and  sensor  installation  services  are 
recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, on-site installation has occurred, the price to 
the buyer is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. For contract revenues earned over a 
long period, revenues are recorded using the percentage-of-completion method. Therefore, these revenues are 
recognized proportionately with the degree of completion of the work. The Company uses the efforts expended 
method to calculate the degree of completion of work based on the number of hours incurred as at the reporting 
date compared to the estimated total number of hours. Work in progress is valued by taking into consideration 
the number of hours worked and contract costs incurred but not yet invoiced and the payments received. For 
contracts where billings exceed contract costs incurred to date plus recognized profits less recognized losses, 
the excess is shown on the consolidated statements of financial position as deferred revenues. Expected losses 
are recorded as an expense when it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue. 

Reporting Currency and Foreign Currency Transactions 

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is also the functional currency 
of the Company, as this is the principal currency of the economic environment in which it operates. 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into Canadian dollars as follows: monetary assets and liabilities are 
translated at the exchange rate in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated 
at  historical  rates,  revenues  and  expenses  are  translated  at  the  exchange  rates  in  effect  at  the  time  of  the 
transaction and exchange gains and losses resulting from translation are reflected in the consolidated statements 
of loss and comprehensive loss.

Research and Development Costs 

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs are expensed as incurred except for those which 
meet generally accepted criteria for deferral, in which case, the costs are capitalized and amortized to operations 
over the estimated period of benefit. No costs have been deferred during any of the years presented. 

Research and Development Refundable Tax Credits and Government Assistance 

Refundable research and development (“R&D”) tax credits and government assistance are accounted for using 
the cost reduction method. Accordingly, refundable R&D tax credits and government assistance are recorded as 
a reduction of the related expenses or capital expenditures in the period the expenses are incurred, provided that 
the  Company  has  reasonable  assurance  the  refundable  R&D  tax  credits  or  government  assistance  will  be 
realized.

48

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Equity 

Share capital represents the value of shares that have been issued. Any transaction costs associated with the 
issuance of shares are deducted from share capital. 

From  time  to  time,  the  Company  issues  units  consisting  of  common  shares  and  common  share  purchase 
warrants.  The  Company  estimates  the  fair  value  of  the  common  shares  purchase  warrants  using  the  Black-
Scholes option pricing model. The difference between the unit price and the fair value of each warrants represents 
the fair value attributable to each common share. Any transaction costs associated with the issuance of units are 
apportioned between the common shares and warrants based on their relative fair values. 

Share-based Payments 

The Company offers a stock option plan described in note 15, which is determined as an equity-settled plan. 

The  Company  uses  the  fair  value-based  method  to  assess  the  fair  value  of  stock  options  as  at  their  date  of 
allocation. The fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized in the 
consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss as a compensation expense and credited to the stock 
option plan reserve, using a graded vesting schedule over the vesting period, based on the Company’s estimate 
of the number of shares that will eventually vest. At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its 
estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of original estimates, if 
any,  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  such  that  the  cumulative 
compensation expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the stock option plan 
reserve.  

Any consideration received by the Company upon the exercise of stock options is credited to share capital, and 
the stock option plan reserve component resulting from stock-based compensation is transferred to share capital 
upon the issuance of the shares. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments redeemable anytime or with a maturity of 
three months or less beginning on the acquisition date. 

Inventories 

Inventories  are  valued  at  the  lower  of  cost  and  net  realizable  value.  Cost  is  essentially  determined  using  the 
weighted average cost. The cost of work in progress and finished goods comprises the cost of raw materials, 
direct  labor  costs  and  an  allocation  of  fixed  and  variable  manufacturing  overhead,  including  applicable 
depreciation of property, plant and equipment based on normal production capability.  

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of 
completion and selling expenses. Inventories are written down to net realizable value when the cost of inventories 
is determined not to be recoverable. When the circumstances that previously caused the inventories to be written 
down below cost no longer exist or when there is clear evidence of an increase in net realizable value because 
of changed economic circumstances, the amount of the write-down is reversed. The reversal is limited to the 
amount of the original write-down.  

49

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Property, Plant and Equipment  

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment 
losses, if any. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes the purchase price and the directly attributable 
costs of acquisition.  

Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives, taking into account any 
residual value, as follows: 

Office furniture and equipment 
Production equipment 
Automotive equipment 
Research and development equipment 
Diagnostic and demonstration equipment
Research and development computer equipment
Computer equipment 

Leasehold improvements 

10 years 
7 years 
 7 years 
 7 years 
 3 to 5 years 
 3 years 
 3 years 
Remaining lease terms 
of nine years 

Depreciation methods, residual values and useful lives of property, plant and equipment are reviewed annually. 
Any change is accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimates. 

Gains  and  losses  on  disposal  of  an  item  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  determined  by  comparing  the 
proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount and are recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and 
comprehensive loss. 

Intangible Assets 

Intangible  assets  with  finite  useful  lives  consist  of  patents  and  software.  They  are  recorded  at  cost  and 
amortization is recorded using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives taking into account any 
residual values, as follows:  

Patents 

Software 

Term of underlying 
patent - 20 years 
3 years 

The Company’s indefinite-life intangible assets consist of trademarks resulting from a business combination and 
are not amortized.  

Goodwill 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquisition over the fair value of the Company’s share 
of the identifiable net assets of acquired businesses at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is carried at cost less any 
accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is allocated to each Cash Generating Unit (“CGU”) or group of CGUs 
that is expected to benefit from the related business combination. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of 
assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of cash inflows from other assets or group of 
assets. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill related to the entity 
sold. 

50

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Impairment of Non-Financial Assets 

Goodwill and Indefinite-Life Intangible Assets 

The  carrying  values  of  identifiable  intangible  assets  with  indefinite  life  and  goodwill  are  tested  annually  for 
impairment. Goodwill and indefinite-life intangible assets are allocated to CGUs for the purpose of impairment 
testing based on the level at which management monitors it, which is not higher than an operating segment. The 
allocation is made to those CGUs that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which goodwill 
arose. The Company has elected to carry its annual impairment test during the last quarter of each year or at 
any time if an indicator of impairment exists. 

Non-Financial Assets with Definite Useful Life 

The carrying values of non-financial assets with definite useful life, such as property, plant and equipment and 
intangible  assets  with  definite  useful  life,  are  assessed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances  indicate  that  their  carrying  amounts  may  not  be  recoverable.  If  any  such  indication  exists,  the 
recoverable amount of the asset must be determined. Such assets are impaired if their recoverable amount is 
lower than their carrying amount. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, 
the recoverable amount of the CGU to which the asset belongs is tested for impairment. 

Recognition of Impairment Charge 

The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal or its value in use. If the 
recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of 
the asset or CGU is reduced to its recoverable amount. The resulting impairment charge is recognized in the 
consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. Impairment charges recognized in prior periods are 
determined at each reporting date for any indications that the impairment charge has decreased or no longer 
exists.  When  an  impairment  charge  is  subsequently  reversed,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  asset  or  CGU  is 
increased  to  the  revised  estimate  of  its  recoverable  amount  so  that  the  increased  carrying  amount  does  not 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been recorded had no impairment charges been recognized for the 
asset or CGU in prior years. An impairment charge recognized for goodwill cannot be reversed. 

Leases 

Leases are classified as either operating or finance, based on the substance of the transaction at the inception 
of the lease. The Company leases certain office premises and equipment in which a significant portion of the 
risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor. These are classified as operating leases. Payments 
made  under  these  leases  are  charged  to  the  consolidated  statements  of  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  on  a 
straight-line basis over the period of the lease. 

The  Company  has  a  facility  lease  arrangement  that  includes  tenant  inducements.  Rent  expense  is  recorded 
evenly over the term of the lease agreement. The difference between cash rental payments and the rent expense 
recorded for accounting purposes is reflected as a deferred lease inducement in the consolidated statements of 
financial position.  

Finance leases which transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset 
are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased asset or at the present value of the 
minimum  lease  payments.  Finance  expenses  are  charged  to  the  consolidated  statements  of  loss  and 
comprehensive loss over the period of the agreement. Obligations under finance leases are included in financial 
liabilities, net  of finance costs allocated to future periods.  Capitalized leased assets are depreciated over the 
shorter of the estimated life of the asset or the lease term. 

51

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Warranty Provision 

The Company offers a standard 12-month warranty excluding consumable and accessories.  

For downhole materials, the Company guarantees that the downhole materials shall be free from defects but 
given that the downhole environmental conditions are not exactly known, the Company does not guarantee the 
performance of the downhole materials once they have entered the wellbore. The estimated cost of the warranty 
is based on the history of defective products and accessories, the probability that these defects will arise and the 
costs to repair them. 

Income Taxes 

Income  tax  expenses  comprise  current  and  deferred  income  taxes.  Income  taxes  are  recognized  in  the 
consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized 
directly in equity, in which case the income taxes are also recognized directly in equity. 

Current Income Taxes 

The  current  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  current  and  prior  periods  are  measured  at  the  amount 
expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities. The income tax rates used to calculate the 
amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the consolidated statements of financial position 
date in the tax jurisdiction where the Company and its subsidiary generate taxable income/loss. 

Deferred Income Taxes 

The Company provides for deferred income taxes using the liability method. Under this method, deferred income 
tax assets and liabilities are determined based on deductible or taxable temporary differences between carrying 
values and tax values of assets and liabilities as well as the carryforward of unused tax losses and deductions, 
using enacted or substantively enacted income tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the assets 
are expected to be realized or the liabilities settled.  

Deferred income tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available 
against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets 
is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable 
profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. 

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences and for taxable temporary 
differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the reversal of the temporary differences can be 
controlled and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. However, deferred tax 
is not recognized if it arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or the initial recognition of an asset or liability 
in a transaction other than a business combination that, at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting 
nor taxable profit or loss.  

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets 
against current tax liabilities and when the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the 
same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention 
to settle the balances on a net basis. 

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented as non-current in the consolidated statements of financial 
position. 

52

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Loss per Share 

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss for the year attributable to equity owners of the 
Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year.  

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss for the year attributable to equity owners of the 
Company adjusted for the interests on the convertible debenture, net of tax, the unrealized foreign exchange 
gain or loss, net of tax, and for the change in fair value of embedded derivative, net of tax, by the weighted-
average  number  of  common  shares  outstanding  during  the  year,  plus  the  effects  of  dilutive  common  share 
equivalents. This method requires that diluted net loss per share be calculated using the treasury stock method, 
as if all dilutive potential common share equivalents had been exercised at the beginning of the reporting period, 
or period of issuance, as the case may be, and that the funds obtained thereby be used to purchase common 
shares of the Company at the fair value of the common shares during the period.  

Financial Instruments  

a)  Classification 

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  recognized  when  the  Company  becomes  a  party  to  the  contractual 
provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from 
the assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all risks 
and rewards of ownership.  

Financial  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  and  the  net  amount  reported  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an 
intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. 

At initial recognition, the Company classifies its financial instruments in the following categories, depending 
on the purpose for which the instruments are required:  

  Loans  and  receivables:  Loans  and  receivables  are  non-derivative  financial  assets  with  fixed  or 
determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. The Company’s loans and receivables 
are comprised of cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables and are included in the 
current assets due to their short-term nature. Loans and receivables are initially recognized at fair value 
plus transaction costs. Subsequently, loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the 
effective interest method, which generally corresponds to the nominal amount due to their short-term 
maturity, less a provision for impairment.  

  Financial liabilities at amortized cost: Financial liabilities at amortized cost include accounts payable and 
accrued liabilities, long-term debt and the debt component of the convertible debenture. They are initially 
recognized at fair value less transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at amortized cost using 
the effective interest rate method.  

Financial liabilities are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within twelve months. Otherwise, 
they are presented as non-current liabilities.  

  Derivative  financial  instruments:  Derivative  financial  instruments  are  comprised  of  the  embedded 
derivative representing the conversion option of the convertible debenture. The embedded derivative is 
measured at fair value at each reporting date. The embedded derivative has been classified as held-for-
trading  and  is  included  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  financial  position  within  the  convertible 
debenture. It is classified as non-current based on the contractual terms specific to the instrument. Gains 
and  losses  on  re-measurement  of  the  embedded  derivative  are  recognized  in  the  consolidated 
statements of loss and comprehensive loss. 

53

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued) 

Financial Instruments (continued) 

b) 

Impairment of financial assets 

A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial 
recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of 
that asset that can be estimated reliably.  

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired can include default or delinquency by a debtor and 
indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy. 

c)  Compound Financial Instrument 

The compound financial instrument issued by the Company consists of the convertible debenture that can 
be  converted  into  common  shares  of  the  Company  at  the  option  of  the  holder.  Since  the  debenture  is 
convertible into shares and contains a cash settlement feature, as described in note 14, it is accounted for 
as a compound instrument with a debt component and a separate embedded derivative representing the 
conversion option also classified as a liability. Both the debt and embedded derivative components of this 
compound financial instrument are measured at fair value on initial recognition.  

The  debt  component  is  subsequently  accounted  for  at  amortized  cost  using  the  effective  interest  rate 
method. The embedded derivative is subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date, with gains 
and losses in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. 

3.  Critical Accounting Estimates, Assumptions and Judgments 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and 
the  disclosure  of  contingent  liabilities.  Uncertainty  about  these  assumptions  and  estimates  could  result  in  a 
material adjustment to the carrying value of the asset or liability affected.  

For  all  these  items,  relevant  accounting  policies  are  discussed  in  note  2  of  these  consolidated  financial 
statements. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates 
are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised if the revision affects only that period or in the 
period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both the current and future periods. 

The  estimates,  assumptions  and  judgments  that  have  a  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are addressed below: 

Inventories 

The Company states its inventories at the lower of cost, determined with the weighted average cost basis method, 
and net realizable value, and provides reserves for excess and obsolete inventories. The Company determines 
its reserves for excess and obsolete inventories based on the quantities on hand at the reporting dates, compared 
to foreseeable needs over the next twelve months, taking into account changes in demand, technology or market.  

54

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

3.  Critical Accounting Estimates, Assumptions and Judgments (continued) 

Useful Life of Depreciable Assets 

Management  reviews  the  useful  life  of  depreciable  assets  at  each  reporting  date.  As  at  August  31,  2016, 
management assesses that the useful lives represent the expected  utility of the assets to the  Company. The 
carrying  amounts  are  presented  in  notes  7  and  8.  Actual  results,  however,  may  vary  due  to  technical 
obsolescence or changes in the market, particularly for computer equipment and software. 

 Impairment of Goodwill 

The Company performs an annual test for goodwill impairment, or when there is any indication that goodwill has 
suffered impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in the summary of significant accounting 
policies  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  The  recoverable  amounts  of  CGUs  have  been  determined 
based on the fair value less costs to sell calculations for the 2015 impairment test. These calculations require the 
use of estimates, assumptions and judgments. Information on goodwill is presented in note 9.  

Government Assistance and Research and Development Tax Credits 

Government  assistance  and  research  and  development  tax  credits  are  recorded  in  the  consolidated  financial 
statements when there is reasonable assurance that the Company has complied with, and will continue to comply 
with,  all  of  the  conditions  necessary  to  obtain  the  government  assistance  and  research  and  development  tax 
credits. 

Warranty Provision 

The Company estimated warranty provision based on the history of defective products and the probability that 
these defects will arise, as well as the related costs. 

Revenue Recognition 

Delivery  generally  occurs  when  the  product  is  handed  over  to  a  transporter  for  shipment.  At  the  time  of  the 
transaction,  the  Company  assesses  whether  the  price  associated  with  its  revenue  transaction  is  fixed  or 
determinable and whether or not collection is reasonably assured. The Company assesses collection based on 
a number of factors, including past transaction history and the creditworthiness of the customer. 

Stock-based Compensation 

The Company uses judgment in assessing expected life, volatility, risk-free interest rate, as well as the estimated 
number of options that will ultimately vest. 

Warrants 

Warrants are issued as part of equity financing. Warrants may be exercised at any moment after their issuance 
until the expiration date.  The Company uses judgment in assessing parameters like volatility and risk-free interest 
rate.  

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

4.  Changes in Accounting Policies 

New and amended standards issued but not yet effective 

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments 

In July 2014, the IASB issued the final version of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments. The new standard will replace 
IAS 39, Financial instruments: recognition and measurement. The final amendments made in the new version 
include guidance for the classification and measurement of financial assets and a third measurement category 
for financial assets, fair value through other comprehensive income. The standard also contains a new expected 
loss  impairment  model  for  debt  instruments  measured  at  amortized  cost  or  fair  value  through  other 
comprehensive income, lease receivables, contract assets and certain written loan commitments and financial 
guarantee contracts. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 and must 
be  applied  retrospectively  with  some  exceptions.  Early  adoption  is  permitted.  Restatement  of  prior  periods  in 
relation to the classification and measurement, including impairment, is not required. The Company has not yet 
assessed the impact of this new standard. 

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 

In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, Revenue from contracts with customers. IFRS 15 replaces all previous 
revenue  recognition  standards,  including  IAS  18,  Revenue,  and  related  interpretations  such  as  IFRIC  13, 
Customer loyalty programmes. The standard sets out the requirements for recognizing revenue. Specifically, the 
new standard introduces a comprehensive framework with the general principle being that an entity recognizes 
revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services in an amount that reflects the consideration to 
which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard introduces more 
prescriptive guidance than was included in previous standards and may result in changes in classification and 
disclosure in addition to changes in the timing of recognition for certain types of revenues. On July 22, 2015, the 
IASB has confirmed a one-year deferral of the effective date of IFRS 15 to January 1, 2018. 

In  April  2016,  the  IASB  issued  clarifications  to  IFRS  15,  Revenue  from  contracts  with  customers.  These 
clarifications  provide  additional  clarity  on  revenue  recognition  related  to  identifying  performance  obligations, 
application guidance on principal versus agent and licenses of intellectual property. The Company has not yet 
assessed the impact of this new standard. 

IFRS 16, Lease 

On  January  13,  2016,  the  IASB  released  IFRS  16,  Leases,  which  replace  IAS  17,  Leases,  and  the  related 
interpretations  on  leases  such  as  IFRIC  4,  Determining  whether  an  arrangement  contains  a  lease,  SIC  15, 
Operating leases – Incentives and SIC 27, Evaluating the substance of transactions in the legal form of a lease. 
This new standard specifies how to recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. It also provides a single 
lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless lease term is 
12  months  or  less  or  the  underlying  asset  has  a  small  value.  Accounting  for  the  lessor  remain  substantially 
unchanged. The standard is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with earlier application 
permitted for companies that also apply IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company has 
not yet assessed the impact of this new standard. 

IAS 7, Statement of cash flows 

On January 29, 2016, the IASB published amendments to IAS 7, Statements of cash flows. The amendments 
are intended to clarify IAS 7 to improve information provided to users of financial statements about an entity’s 
financing  activities.  They  are  effective  for  annual  periods  beginning  on  or  after  January  1,  2017,  with  earlier 
application being permitted. The Company has not yet assessed the impact of this new standard. 

56

 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

5.  Trade and other receivables 

Trade 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 
Sales taxes receivable 
Other receivables 
Total 

Allowance for doubtful accounts variation 

Balance – Beginning of year 
Amounts written off during the year 
Additional provisions recognized 
Balance – End of year 

6. 

Inventories 

Raw materials 
Work in progress 
Finished goods 
Total 

As at  
August 31,  
2016  
$  
2,176,251  
(491,623 ) 
217,817  
78,981  
1,981,426  

As at 
August 31, 
2015 
$ 
469,038 
(3,032) 
95,087 
- 
561,093 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  
$  

(3,032 ) 
1,759  
(490,350 ) 
(491,623 ) 

2015 
$ 

(3,032) 
- 
- 
(3,032) 

As at  
August 31,  
2016  
$  
2,205,139  
1,240,091  
611,594  
4,056,824  

As at 
August 31, 
2015 
$ 
1,674,001 
168,281 
995,488 
2,837,770 

For the year ended August 31, 2016, $4,556,764 of inventories were expensed in the consolidated statements 
of loss and comprehensive loss and presented in cost of sales ($2,039,668 for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

Write-downs of inventories amounting to $809,000 ($347,000 in 2015) were included under cost of sales. 

57

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

8. 

Intangible Assets 

Indefinite 
lives –
Trademarks
$

Limited 
lives –
Patents
$

Limited lives –
Software,
net of 
income tax 
credits of
$1,518
$

Internally  
developed  

Limited  
lives –  
Patents  
$  

Total
$

13,567
5,153
18,720

-
-
-

30,000
5,060
35,060

5,025
2,193
7,218

108,172
73,153
181,325

81,442
24,047
105,489

708,015  
79,274  

859,754
162,640
787,289   1,022,394

218,557  
46,527  
265,084  

305,024
72,767
377,791

Cost 
Balance as at August 31, 2015 
Additions 
Balance as at August 31, 2016 

Accumulated amortization 
Balance as at August 31, 2015 
Amortization 
Balance as at August 31, 2016 

Net book value  

as at August 31, 2016 

18,720

27,842

75,836

522,205  

644,603

Indefinite 
lives – 
Trademarks 
$ 

Limited 
lives – 
Patents 
$ 

Limited lives – 
Software, 
net of  
income tax  
credits of 
$1,518 
$ 

Internally 
developed 

Limited   
lives –   
Patents   
$   

Total 
$ 

200 
13,367 
13,567 

30,000 
- 
30,000 

85,723 
22,449 
108,172 

583,412  
124,603  
708,015  

699,335 
160,419 
859,754 

- 
- 
- 

3,174 
1,851 
5,025 

65,853 
15,589 
81,442 

173,897  
44,660  
218,557  

242,924 
62,100 
305,024 

Cost 
Balance as at August 31, 2014 
Additions 
Balance as at August 31, 2015 

Accumulated amortization 
Balance as at August 31, 2014 
Amortization 
Balance as at August 31, 2015 

Net book value  

as at August 31, 2015 

13,567 

24,975 

26,730 

489,458  

554,730 

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

9.  Goodwill 

During the three-month period ended November 30, 2014, the Company performed its annual test for goodwill, 
in accordance with its policy described in note 2. For the purposes of the impairment test, goodwill was entirely 
allocated  to  Opsens  Solutions  Inc.’s  CGU.  The  recoverable  value  of  the  CGU  of  Opsens  Solutions  Inc.  was 
determined based on the fair value less costs to sell method.  

2015 Impairment Test 

The fair value less costs to sell method is based on the best information available to reflect the amount that could 
be obtained from the disposal of the CGU in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable parties, net of 
estimates of the costs of disposal.  

During the three-month period ended November 30, 2014, the Company updated its long-term financial forecast 
for Opsens Solutions Inc.’s CGU which corresponds to a reportable segment of the Company. As a result of 
lower than anticipated long-term revenue projections due to economic factors, including the significant decrease 
of the crude oil prices, the Company concluded its goodwill and some long-term assets may be impaired and as 
a result performed an impairment analysis. The recoverable amount of the goodwill as at November 30, 2014 
was determined using the fair value less costs to sell method. In applying this method to its goodwill impairment 
test,  the  Company  used  replacement  costs,  market  data  and  comparable  transactions  to  determine  the 
recoverable value of Opsens Solutions Inc.’s CGU. 

As a result of the impairment analysis performed as at November 30, 2014, the Company concluded the carrying 
value of the Opsens Solutions Inc.’s CGU was in excess of its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of 
Opsens Solutions Inc.’s CGU amounted to $1,611,000 and was classified at level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. 
The Company has recorded an impairment charge relating to its goodwill of $676,574 for the year ended August 
31, 2015. 

In addition, an impairment charge of $119,663 was also recorded during the year ended August 31, 2015 for 
automotive  equipment  resulting  from  the  challenging  economic  environment  Opsens  Solutions  Inc.’s  CGU  is 
facing. 

There were no tax impacts as a result of the impairment charges. 

10.  Authorized Line of Credit 

The Company has an authorized line of credit for a maximum amount of $200,000, $50,000 of which is available 
at all times and does not take into consideration the margining. When using the line of credit in an amount varying 
from $50,000 and $100,000, the available credit is limited to an amount that is equal to 75% of Canadian accounts 
receivable and 65% of foreign accounts receivable plus 50% of inventories of raw materials and finished goods. 
If the amount used exceeds $100,000, the credit available is limited to an amount equal to 75% of Canadian 
accounts receivable and 90% of insured foreign accounts receivable plus 50% of inventories of raw materials 
and  finished  goods.  This  line  of  credit  bears  interest  at  the  financial  institution’s  prime  rate  plus  2%  and  is 
repayable on a weekly basis by $5,000 tranches. It is secured by a first-rank movable hypothec for an amount of 
$750,000 on the universality of receivables and inventories. The credit line was not used as at August 31, 2016 
and 2015. 

The Company also has credit cards for a maximum of $85,000 to finance its current operations. The balance 
used on these credit cards bears interest at the financial institution’s prime rate plus 8.5%. 

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

11.  Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  

Suppliers 

Salaries, employee benefits and others 

Other liabilities 

Total 

12.  Deferred Revenues 

a)   Distribution and Other Rights Agreement 

As at  
August 31,  
2016  

$  

875,027  
423,716  
743,130  
2,041,873  

As at 
August 31, 
2015 

$ 

666,278 

427,499 

564,185 

1,657,962 

On November 19, 2012, the Company announced the granting of distribution and other rights for OptoWire 
and OptoMonitor, Opsens’ products for measuring FFR. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company 
received: 

  US$3 million for the distribution rights for its FFR products for Japan, Korea and Taiwan, which includes: 

a.  US$2 million at signing (“upfront license fee”); 

b.  US$1 million once Opsens gets regulatory approval for its FFR devices in Japan (“milestone payment”); 

  US$2 million in convertible debenture, at signing, as described in note 14 of these consolidated financial 

statements. 

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company shall reimburse the upfront license fee upon the occurrence 
of any of the following events: 

a.  The Company fails to obtain regulatory approval for the OptoWire and the OptoMonitor within five years 
of the agreement date for all the following geographic regions: Canada, European Union and the United 
States; 

b.  The  Company  abandons  the  development  of  the  OptoWire  and  OptoMonitor  before  obtaining  the 

milestone payment; 

c.  The Company materially breaches any terms of the agreement or is subject to bankruptcy. 

On October 2, 2014, the Company announced it had received Shonin approval from the Japanese Ministry 
of Health, Labor and Welfare to market the OptoWire and the OptoMonitor. Obtaining Shonin approval was 
the final condition for the release of a milestone payment of $1,115,500 (US$1,000,000), net of income taxes. 
This amount has been recorded in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss under the 
caption “Distribution rights”. 

On November 19, 2014, the Company announced it has received CE Mark approval to market in Europe its 
FFR  products.  The  CE  mark  approval  allows  the  Company  to  record  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
loss and comprehensive loss under the caption “Distribution rights” the $2,002,000  (US$2,000,000)  upfront 
license  fee,  net  of  income  taxes,  it  received  upon  the  signature  of  the  agreement  that  were  previously 
accounted for as deferred revenues. 

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

12.  Deferred Revenues (continued) 

a)   Distribution and Other Rights Agreement (continued) 

During the year ended August 31, 2015, an adjustment on revenues and income tax expense of $340,000 
(US$300,000) was made to recognize additional revenues from the distribution agreement and withholding 
taxes paid by the Company. 

b)  Licensing Agreement 

On April 15, 2014, the Company announced it had entered into an agreement with Abiomed, Inc. (“Abiomed”) 
in  connection  with  its  miniature  optical  pressure  sensor  technology  for  applications  in  circulatory  assist 
devices.  The  Company  has  granted  Abiomed  an  exclusive  worldwide  license  to  integrate  its  miniature 
pressure sensor in connection with Abiomed’s circulatory assist devices. Under the agreement, Abiomed will 
pay Opsens an aggregate amount of US$6,000,000. $1,647,000 (US$1,500,000) has been paid on closing, 
while the balance will be disbursed based on the achievement of certain milestones.  

The Company applies the principles of IAS 18, Revenue, to record revenues arising from the agreement with 
Abiomed. Therefore, the amount of $1,647,000 (US$1,500,000) paid on closing is recognized over the term 
of  the  agreement.  Revenues  from  milestone  payments  will  be  limited  to  costs  incurred  as  long  as  the 
milestones are not achieved. Upon the achievement of a milestone, the unrecognized portion of the milestone 
will be recorded as revenues. During the year ended August 31, 2016, an amount of $367,416 ($366,409 for 
the  year  ended  August  31,  2015)  related  to  the  Abiomed  agreement  has  been  recognized  as  licensing 
revenues in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

c)  Other Deferred Revenues  

Deferred  revenues  also  comprise  contracts  where  billings  exceed  contract  costs  incurred  to  date  plus 
recognized profits less recognized losses or when the Company receives payments in advance of meeting 
the revenue recognition criteria. 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

13.  Long-term Debt 

Contributions  repayable  to  Ministère  des  Finances  et  de  l’Économie
(MFE), without interest (effective rate of 9%), repayable in five equal and 
consecutive annual instalments of $82,718, maturing in February 2020. 
  Debt balance 

Imputed interest 

As of  
August 31,  
2016  
$  

As of 
August 31, 
2015 
$ 

330,872  
(52,841 ) 

278,031  

413,590 
(80,364) 

333,226 

Term  loans,  bearing  interest  at  rates  varying  from  5.69%  to  6.79%, 
payable  in  monthly  instalments  of  $3,161,  including  interest,  maturing 
from October to December 2017. 

45,492  

79,291 

Contributions  repayable  to  Canada  Economic  Development,  without 
interest  (effective  rate  of  13.5%),  repayable  in  twenty  equal  and 
consecutive quarterly instalments of $15,000, maturing in August 2020. 
  Debt balance 

Imputed interest 

Contributions  repayable  to  Canada  Economic  Development,  without 
interest  (effective  rate  of  12%),  repayable  in  59  equal  and  consecutive 
monthly instalments of $1,086 and a final payment of $1,063, maturing in 
October 2023. The difference between amounts received and estimated 
fair value is recognized as government grants. 
  Debt balance 

Imputed interest 

Secured loan from Export Development Canada, bearing interest at prime 
rate plus 2.0%, secured by a movable hypothec on the universality of the 
Company’s  present  and  future  property,  plant  and  equipment  and 
intangible assets, payable in 48 monthly instalments of $10,417, maturing 
in April 2017. Amounts received are net of transaction costs of $2,500. 

Term  loan,  bearing  interest  at  prime  rate  plus  0.25%,  secured  by  a 
movable  hypothec  on  the  universality  of  the  Company’s  present  and 
future  property,  plant  and  equipment  and  intangible  assets,  payable  in 
forty-eight  monthly  instalments  of  $18,750,  maturing  in  May  2020. 
Amounts received are net of transaction costs of $9,000. 

Reimbursed during the year 

Current portion 

64

240,000  
(54,664 ) 
185,336  

300,000 
(81,239) 
218,761 

65,137  
(26,054 ) 
39,083  

456,241  

780,471  

- 
1,784,654  

481,248  
1,303,406  

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

63,810 
695,088 

232,309 
462,779 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

13.  Long-term Debt (continued) 

The annual principal instalments due on the long-term debt are $481,248 in 2017, $466,493 in 2018, $465,749 in 
2019, $336,335 in 2020 and $9,679 in 2021. 

Under the terms and conditions of the agreements on long-term debt with its lenders, the Company is subject to 
certain covenants with respect to maintaining minimum financial ratios. As at August 31, 2016 and 2015, these 
financial ratios were met by the Company. 

14.  Convertible Debenture   

As at  
August 31,  
2016  

$  

As at 
August 31, 
2015 

$ 

Debt  component  reported  as  long-term  liability  (US$2,144,864; 
US$2,092,368 as at August 31, 2015) 

Embedded derivative reported as long-term liability (US$746,900; 
US$186,800 as at August 31, 2015) 

Total 

2,813,204  

2,752,929 

979,635  

3,792,839  

245,773 

2,998,702 

On November 19, 2012, the Company issued a US$2,000,000 ($2,002,000) subordinated secured convertible 
debenture maturing November 19, 2017. The convertible debenture bears interest at a rate of 2.0% per annum, 
payable at maturity. At the holder’s option, the convertible debenture may be converted into common shares of 
the  Company  at  any  time  up  to  the  maturity  date,  at  a  conversion  price  representing  the  market  price  of  the 
shares. However, the conversion price is subject to a minimum of $0.50 and a maximum of $0.75 per common 
share (the “conversion price”). 

The  convertible  debenture  is  also  convertible  at  the  Company’s  option  at  the  conversion  price  if  the  volume-
weighted average closing price per common share for the twenty trading days immediately preceding the fifth 
trading  day  before  such  conversion  date  is  at  least  $1.20  and  if  a  minimum  of  50,000  common  shares  have 
traded on the TSX Venture Exchange during each of the twenty trading days taken into account in the calculation 
of the conversion price. 

To secure the repayment of the convertible debenture, a movable hypothec on certain equipment has been given. 
As at August 31, 2016, the net book value of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral was nil ($2,000 
as at August 31, 2015). This hypothec ranks second to certain long-term debts of the Company. 

As noted above, the convertible debenture contains a conversion option that will result in an obligation to deliver 
a  fixed  amount  of  equity  in  exchange  of  a  variable  amount  of  convertible  debenture  when  translated  in  the 
functional  currency  of  the  Company.  Consequently,  under  IAS  32,  “Financial  Instruments:  Presentation”,  the 
convertible  debenture  is  accounted  for  as  a  compound  instrument  with  a  debt  component  and  a  separate 
embedded derivative representing the conversion option. Both the debt and embedded derivative components 
of this compound financial instrument are measured at fair value on initial recognition. The debt component is 
subsequently accounted for at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The embedded derivative 
is subsequently measured at fair value at each reporting date, with  gains and losses in fair value recognized 
through profit or loss. 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

14.  Convertible Debenture (continued) 

Expenses associated with the debenture consist of: 

Interest expense 

Accretion interest 

Change in fair value of embedded derivative 

Total 

Years  ended  August 31, 

2016  

$  

56,659  

12,970  

732,425  

802,054  

2015 

$ 

71,465 

11,760 

73,271 

156,496 

As  at  August  31,  2016,  the  debt  component  of  the  convertible  debenture  has  a  fair  value  of  $1,905,700 
($1,693,400 as at August 31, 2015). 

15.  Share Capital, Stock Options and Warrants 

a)  Share capital 

The Company has authorized an unlimited number of common shares (being voting and participating shares) 
with no par value. 

On May 16, 2016, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement offering for aggregate gross 
proceeds of $4,999,050. In connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 4,761,000 units at a 
price of $1.05 per unit. Each unit consists of one common share in the capital stock of Opsens and one-half 
of one common share purchase warrant, with each whole common share purchase warrant entitling the holder 
thereof to purchase one common share at a price of $1.55 until November 16, 2017. The value of one-half of 
one common share purchase warrant was established at $0.08.  

Expenses of the offering include professional fees and miscellaneous fees for total fees of $102,563. The 
fees have been allocated on a prorata basis between share capital and the warrants reserve, $94,749 and 
$7,814 respectively, based on the ratio established by their respective values as discussed above. 

On  December  22,  2015,  the  Company  completed  a  public  offering  for  aggregate  gross  proceeds  of 
$5,000,000. In connection with the offering, the Company issued a total of 5,681,819 units at a price of $0.88 
per unit. Each unit consists of one common share in the capital stock of Opsens and one-half of one common 
share purchase  warrant,  with  each  whole  common  share  purchase  warrant  entitling  the  holder  thereof  to 
purchase one common share at a price of $1.20 until June 22, 2017. The value of one-half of one common 
share purchase warrant was established at $0.10.  

Expenses of the offering include underwriting fees of $276,202 and other professional fees and miscellaneous 
fees of $323,713 for total fees of $599,915 of which $598,559 have been paid and $1,356 are included in 
accounts payable and accrued liabilities.  

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

15.  Share Capital, Stock Options and Warrants (continued) 

a)  Share capital (continued) 

The Company also issued 313,886 broker warrants as additional compensation, each warrant entitling the 
holder to purchase one common share of the Corporation at a price of $0.88 until June 22, 2017. The value 
of one broker warrant was established at $0.29. 

The total fees of $599,915 and the broker warrants value of $91,027 have been allocated on a prorata basis 
between  share  capital  and  the  warrants  reserve,  $612,179  and  $78,763  respectively,  based  on  the  ratio 
established by their respective values as described above. 

Concurrently with the public offering, the Company completed a non-brokered private placement offering of 
184,400 units at a price of $0.88 per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of $162,272. Each unit comprises the 
same terms and conditions than the units issued under the public offering. Expenses related to the private 
placement amounted to $10,083. The fees have been allocated on a prorata basis between share capital and 
the  warrants  reserve,  $8,937  and  $1,146  respectively,  based  on  the  ratio  established  by  their  respective 
values as discussed above.  

During the year ended August 31, 2016, following the exercise of stock options, the Company issued 574,250 
common shares (714,250 common shares and 140,000 common shares were subscribed but not issued for 
the year ended August 31, 2015) for a cash consideration of $219,166 ($232,952 for the year ended August 
31, 2015). As a result, an amount of $139,168 was reallocated from “Reserve – Stock option plan” to “Share 
capital” in shareholders’ equity ($134,768 for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

During the year ended August 31, 2016, following the exercise of warrants, the Company issued 790,316 
common shares (25,000 common shares for the year ended August 31, 2015) for a cash consideration of 
$581,630 ($18,250 for the year ended August 31, 2015). As a result, an amount of $33,013 was reallocated 
from “Reserve – Warrants” to “Share capital” in shareholders’ equity ($910 for the year ended August 31, 
2015). 

b)  Stock options 

The Shareholders approved the stock option plan on January 18, 2016 because, according to the policies of 
the TSX Venture Exchange, the stock option plan must be approved by the Company’s shareholders every 
year. The number of common shares reserved by the Board of Directors for options granted under the plan 
shall not exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding common shares of the Company. The plan is available 
to the Company’s directors, consultants, officers and employees. 

The stock option plan stipulates that the terms of the options and the option price shall be fixed by the directors 
subject to the price restrictions and other requirements imposed by the TSX Venture Exchange. The exercise 
period cannot exceed five years, beginning on the grant date. These options generally vest over a four-year 
period, except for 600,000 outstanding stock options granted (700,000 stock options granted as at August 
31, 2015), which were completely vested at grant date. The exercise price of the options is the closing price 
of the shares of the Company on the TSX Venture Exchange on the trading day immediately preceding the 
date of grant. 

The  compensation  expense  in  regards  to  the  stock  option  plan  for  the  year  ended  August  31,  2016  is 
$451,096 ($316,873 for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

15.  Share Capital, Stock Options and Warrants (continued) 

b) Stock options (continued) 

The  fair  value  of  options  granted  was  determined  using  the  Black-Scholes  option  pricing  model  with  the 
following assumptions: 

Years ended August 31, 

2016

2015

Risk-free interest rate 

Between 0.32% and 0.80%

Between 0.63% and 1.55%

Volatility 

Dividend yield on shares 

Expected life 

Weighted share price 

Weighted fair value per option at the 
grant date 

Between 62% and 112%

Between 88% and 124%

Nil

5 years

$0.95

$0.55

Nil

5 years

$0.80

$0.52

In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly-subjective assumptions, including the expected 
stock price volatility. Any changes in the subjective input assumptions can affect the fair value estimate. 

The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the underlying share price for a period equivalent 
to the expected life of the options. 

The situation of the outstanding stock option plan and the changes that took place between August 31, 2014 
and August 31, 2016 are as follows: 

Outstanding as at August 31, 2014 
Options granted 
Options exercised* 
Options forfeited 
Options cancelled 
Outstanding as at August 31, 2015 
Options granted 
Options exercised 
Options forfeited 
Options cancelled 
Outstanding as at August 31, 2016 

Options exercisable as at 
  August 31, 2016 

Number of  
options  

4,172,500  
862,000  
(854,250 ) 
(17,500 ) 
(620,000 ) 
3,542,750  
2,154,750  
(574,250 ) 
-  
(93,750 ) 
5,029,500  

Weighted- 
average 
exercise 
price 
$ 

0.36 
0.81 
0.27 
0.81 
0.29 
0.50 
0.95 
0.38 
- 
0.79 
0.70 

1,913,125  

0.43 

  * 140,000 common shares arising from the exercise of stock options were issued after August 31, 2015. 

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

15.  Share Capital, Stock Options and Warrants (continued) 

b) Stock options (continued) 

The table below provides information on the outstanding stock options as at August 31, 2016: 

  Number of outstanding stock
options

Number of exercisable stock 
options 

Weighted-average
remaining contractual life
(years)

Exercise price 
$ 
0.20 
0.21 
0.23 
0.24 
0.25 
0.44 
0.66 
0.68 
0.69 
0.70 
0.72 
0.75 
0.80 
0.85 
0.90 
0.93 
0.94 
1.20 
1.22 
1.66 

 160,750 
 250,000 
 282,500 
 40,000 
 608,500 
 100,000 
 200,000 
 200,000 
 140,000 
 400,000 
 100,000 
 351,000 
 25,000 
 120,000 
350,000
1 002,250
402,000
97,500
50,000
150,000
5,029,500

            160,750 
            187,500 
            282,500 
              40,000 
            456,375 
            100,000 
            100,000 
              50,000 
            140,000 
                     - 
              25,000 
            175,500 
                     - 
              80,000 
                     - 
                     - 
            115,500 
                     - 
                     - 
                     - 
1,913,125 

 0.55 
 1.35 
 0.21 
 1.24 
 1.39 
 2.13 
 2.92 
 3.06 
 3.38 
 4.02 
 3.23 
 2.65 
 4.09 
 2.23 
 4.41 
 4.38 
 3.64 
 4.63 
 4.63 
 4.94 
3.04

c)  Warrants  

The  situation  of  the  outstanding  warrants  and  the  changes  that  took  place  between  August  31,  2014  and 
August 31, 2016 are as follows: 

Outstanding as at August 31, 2014 
Warrants exercised (note 15a) 
Outstanding as at August 31, 2015 
Issued with units (note 15a) 
Issued to brokers (note 15a) 
Warrants expired 
Warrants exercised (note 15a) 
Outstanding as at August 31, 2016 

Number of 
warrants 

3,475,426 
(25,000 ) 
3,450,426 
5,313,610 
313,886  
(2,670,110 ) 
(790,316 ) 
5,617,496  

Weighted- 
average 
exercise 
price 
$ 
0.98 
0.73 
0.98 
1.36 
0.88 
1.05 
0.74 
1.33 

Warrants exercisable as at August 31, 2016 

5,617,496  

1.33 

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

15.  Share Capital, Stock Options and Warrants (continued) 

c)  Warrants (continued) 

The fair value of the warrants issued was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the 
following assumptions: 

Risk-free interest rate 

Volatility 

Dividend yield on shares 

Expected life 

Weighted share price 

Weighted fair value per warrant at the grant date 

Year ended 

August 31, 2016

Between 0.51% and 0.56%

Between 58% and 69%

Nil

1.5 years

$1.33

$0.19

In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly-subjective assumptions, including the expected 
stock price volatility. Any changes in the subjective assumptions can affect the fair value estimate. 

The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the underlying share price for a period equivalent 
to the expected life of the warrants. 

16.  Net Loss per Share 

The table below presents a reconciliation between the basic net loss and the diluted net loss per share: 

Net loss attributable to shareholders 

Basic and diluted 

Number of shares 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

(9,281,669 ) 

(2,883,865) 

Basic and diluted weighted-average number of shares outstanding 

66,735,651  

60,179,119 

Amount per share 

Net loss per share 

  Basic 

  Diluted 

70

(0.14 ) 

(0.14 ) 

(0.05) 

(0.05) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

16.  Net Loss per Share (continued) 

Stock options, warrants and the convertible debenture are excluded from the calculation of the diluted weighted-
average  number  of  shares outstanding  when  their  exercise  price is  greater  than  the  average  market  price  of 
common shares or when their effect is antidilutive. The number of such stock options, warrants and the nominal 
value of the convertible debenture is presented below: 

Stock options 
Warrants 
Convertible debenture (US$2,000,000) 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

2015

297,500  
5,303,610  
$2,002,000  

542,000  
2,670,110  
$2,002,000  

For the years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015, the diluted amount per share was the same amount as the basic 
amount per share, since the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and convertible debenture was not included 
in the calculation; otherwise, the effect would have been antidilutive. Accordingly, the diluted amount per share 
for these years was calculated using the basic weighted average number of shares outstanding. 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

17.  Additional Information on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows  

Changes in non-cash operating working capital items  

Trade and other receivables 
Tax credits receivable 
Inventories 
Prepaid expenses 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Warranty provision 
Deferred revenues 
Deferred lease inducement 

Supplementary information 

Unpaid acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
Unpaid additions to intangible assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash 
Short-term investments 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  
$  

2015 
$ 

(1,420,333 ) 
(15,000 ) 
(1,219,054 ) 
(139,365 ) 
368,243  
93,870  
(609,943 ) 
927,698  
(2,013,884 ) 

18,049  
59,636  

As at  
August 31,  
2016  
$  

408,218 
33,500 
(391,886) 
68,747 
181,797 
(49,500) 
(2,462,273) 
49,626 
(2,161,771) 

39,654 
23,719 

As at 
August 31, 
2015 
$ 

454,740  
5,448,300  
5,903,040  

449,658 
6,753,954 
7,203,612 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

18.  Commitments  

Leases 

The Company leases offices in Québec under operating leases expiring on April 30, 2018 and September 30, 
2025. These agreements are renewable for an additional five-year period. 

Future payments for the leases, totalling $3,135,000, required in each of the forthcoming years are as follows: 

2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
2021 
Thereafter 

$  

471,000  
416,000  
297,000  
303,000  
310,000  
1,338,000  

In 2016, the offices lease expense is $909,969 ($393,106 in 2015). 

19.  Contractual Guarantees  

During the normal course of business, the Company replaces defective parts under warranties offered at the sale 
of the products. The term of the warranties is generally 12 months. During the year ended August 31, 2016, the 
Company  recognized  an  expense  of  $93,870  (reversal  of  $49,500  recognized  for  the  year  ended 
August 31, 2015)  for  guarantees.  A  provision  of  $177,870  is  recorded  for  guarantees  as  at  August  31,  2016 
($84,000 as at August 31, 2015). The following table summarizes changes in warranty provision: 

Balance – Beginning of year 
Provisions recognized (reversed) 
Balance – End of year  

Years  ended August 31,

2016 
$ 

84,000  
93,870  
177,870 

2015
$

133,500
(49,500)
84,000

This provision estimate is based on past experience. The actual costs that the Company may incur, as well as 
the moment when the parts should be replaced, can differ from the estimated amount. 

20.  Government Assistance 

Under  an  agreement  entered  into  with  Canada  Economic  Development  (CED),  the  Company  may  receive  a 
refundable contribution of a maximum amount of $200,000, non-interest bearing, to cover expenses related to 
the  commercialization  of  its  FFR  products.  This  contribution  is  paid  out  based  on  presentation  by  the 
Company of invoices related to specific expenses since May 22, 2015. During the year ended August 31, 
2016,  the  Company  received  an  amount  of  $65,137  for  which  an  amount  of  $27,858  (nil  for  the  year  ended 
August 31, 2015) was recognized against administrative and sales and marketing.  

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

21. 

Income Taxes  

The reconciliation of the income tax provision calculated using the combined Canadian federal and provincial 
statutory income tax rate with the income tax provision in the consolidated financial statements is as follows:  

Income tax payable using the combined federal and provincial 

statutory tax rate (26.9%; 26.0% in 2015) 

Non-deductible expenses and others 

Deductible financing fees 

Taxable income 

Non-taxable income tax credits 

Losses carried forward 

Foreign income taxes  

Income tax using effective income tax rate 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

(2,498,200 ) 

1,317,525  

(98,835 ) 

(95,929 ) 

(114,103 ) 

1,489,542  

-  

-  

(660,646) 

1,023,486 

(58,012) 

(734,951) 

(121,752) 

551,875 

340,000 

340,000 

As  at  August  31,  2016,  the  Company  has  tax  losses  of  approximately  $17,512,400  for  federal  purposes  and 
$17,248,400 for provincial purposes that can be used to reduce future taxable income. These losses expire as 
follows: 

Federal 

Provincial  

$ 

$  

515,000 

42,000 

400 

463,000  

40,000  

400  

1,552,000 

1,509,000  

716,000 

692,000  

1,404,000 

1,214,000  

500,000 

2,123,000 

1,285,000 

237,000 

1,091,000 

2,513,000 

5,534,000 

500,000  

2,146,000  

1,280,000  

239,000  

1,125,000  

2,510,000  

5,530,000  

17,512,400 

17,248,400  

2024 

2025 

2026 

2027 

2028 

2029 

2030 

2031 

2032 

2033 

2034 

2035 

2036 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

21. 

Income Taxes (continued) 

The  Company  also  has  undeducted  research  and  development  expenses  of  $8,205,000  ($7,106,000  as  at 
August 31, 2015) for  federal  purposes  and  $10,920,000  ($9,798,000  as  at  August  31,  2015) for  provincial 
purposes that are deferred over an undetermined period. 

Deferred  income  tax  assets  related  to  unclaimed  tax  losses,  financing  costs  and  research  and  development 
expenses  as  well  as  non-refundable  scientific  research  tax  credits  adding  up  to  approximately  $10,974,000 
($7,461,000 as at August 31, 2015) were not recognized due to the uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability 
to generate taxable income. In addition, deferred tax liabilities of approximately $672,000 ($507,500 as at August 
31, 2015) related to federal investment tax credits on property, plant and equipment were recognized and offset 
by a deferred income tax asset. 

22.  Tax Credits for Scientific Research and Experimental Development  

For tax purposes, research and development expenses are detailed as follows: 

Federal 

Provincial 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

1,499,000  

1,539,000  

1,519,018 

1,519,018 

These  expenses  have  enabled  the  Company  to  become  eligible  for  scientific  research  and  experimental 
development tax credits reimbursable for the following amounts: 

Federal 

Provincial 

Years ended August 31,

2016  

2015

$  

-  

$

-

365,000  

365,000  

350,000

350,000

These credits were recorded in research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of loss and 
comprehensive loss. 

Reimbursable scientific research and experimental development income tax credits earned for the year ended 
August  31,  2016  and  2015 have  not  yet been  reviewed  by  the  taxation  authorities,  and  the  amounts  granted 
could differ from those that have been recorded. 

Over the years, the Company qualified for federal income tax credits for scientific research and experimental 
development,  which  were  non-refundable  and  could  be  used  against  Part  I  Company  tax.  The  accumulated 
credits for the year ended August 31, 2016 are about $2,496,000 ($2,217,000 as at August 31, 2015) and expire 
over a period of 8 to 20 years beginning in 2016. 

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

23.  Segmented Information 

Sector’s Information 

In order to strengthen its medical identity to develop its full potential in the FFR market, the Company reorganized, 
on September 1, 2015, its corporate structure. Following the reorganization, the Company is now organized into 
two segments: Medical and Industrial. 

Medical segment: In this segment, Opsens focuses mainly on the measure of FFR in interventional cardiology. 

Industrial: In this segment, Opsens’ develops, manufactures and installs innovative fiber optic sensing solutions 
for critical applications such as the monitoring of oil wells and other demanding industrial applications. 

The  principal  factors  employed  in  the  identification  of  the  two  segments  reflected  in  this  note  include  the 
Company’s organizational structure, the nature of the reporting lines to the President and Chief Executive Officer 
and the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets. 

In accordance with IFRS 8, Operating Segments, the Company has restated the corresponding information for 
the year ended August 31, 2015 to reflect the corporate reorganization with the exception of the information on 
segment assets and liabilities because the information was not available and the cost to develop it would have 
been excessive. 

The same accounting policies are used for both reportable segments. Operations are carried out in the normal 
course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which approximates prevailing prices in the 
markets. 

Years ended August 31, 

Medical 

Industrial

$ 

$

2016

Total

$

Medical

Industrial  

$

$  

2015

Total

$

6,429,256 

3,171,561

9,600,817

5,034,767

3,629,963  

8,664,730

- 

413,982

413,982

-

-  

-

443,355 

105,875

549,230

214,780

170,051  

384,831

64,543 

8,224

72,767

48,352

13,748  

62,100

(167,106 )

223,970

56,864

(163,257)

162,691  

(566)

External sales

Internal sales

Depreciation of property,

  plant and equipment

Amortization of 

intangible assets

Financial expenses 

(revenues)

Current income tax     
    expense 

Net earnings (loss)

(7,247,523 )

(2,031,912)

(9,279,435)

- 

-

-

340,000

708,560

- 

340,000

(2,796,188 ) 

(2,087,628)

Acquisition of property,
  plant and equipment

Additions to 

intangible assets

2,934,675 

131,924

3,066,599

553,062

71,577  

624,639

108,264 

54,376

162,640

137,036

23,383  

160,419

Segment assets

14,281,597 

2,579,879

16,861,476

Segment liabilities 

8,973,258 

575,795

9,549,053

N/A

N/A

N/A  

N/A  

N/A

N/A

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

23.  Segmented Information (continued) 

The Company’s net loss per reportable segments reconciles to its consolidated financial statements as follows:  

Net loss per reportable segments 

Elimination of inter-segment profits 

Impairment charge on property, plant and equipment (note 9) 

Impairment charge on goodwill (note 9) 

Net loss and comprehensive loss 

Geographic sector’s information 

Revenue per geographic sector 

      Japan 

      Canada 

      United States 

      Chile 

      Other* 

Years ended August 31,

2016 

$ 

2015

$

(9,279,435 ) 
(2,234 ) 
-  
-  

(9,281,669 ) 

(2,087,628) 

- 
(119,663)
(676,574)

(2,883,865) 

Years ended August 31,

2016 

$ 

2015

$

3,521,669  

2,207,299 

1,506,971 

6,396 

2,358,482 

9,600,817 

3,978,097

1,350,228

870,179

1,169,182

1,297,044

8,664,730

* Comprised of revenues generated in countries for which amounts are individually not significant. 

Revenues are attributed to the geographic sector based on the clients’ location. Capital assets, which include 
property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are all located in Canada. 

During the year ended August 31, 2016, revenues from one client represented individually more than 10% of the 
total revenues of the Company, i.e. approximately 37% (medical’s reportable segment). 

During the year ended August 31, 2015, revenues from two clients represented individually more than 10% of 
the total revenues of the Company, i.e. approximately 40% (medical’s reportable segment) and 13% (industrial’s 
reportable segment). 

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

24.  Related-party Transactions 

In the normal course of its operations, the Company has entered into transactions with related parties.  

Professional fees paid to a company 

controlled by a director 

Fees are incurred for the Company’s FFR activities. 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

29,248  

25,459 

Key  management  personnel,  having  authority  and  responsibility  for  planning,  directing  and  controlling  the 
activities of the Company, comprise the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Business Unit 
Manager  of  Opsens  Solutions  Inc.  and  other  vice  presidents.  Compensation  of  key  management  personnel 
during the year was as follows: 

  Short-term salaries and other benefits 

  Option-based awards 

      Termination benefits 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

1,317,208  

95,646  

-  

2015 

$ 

966,200 

83,300 

57,500 

1,412,854  

1,107,000 

The compensation of key executives is determined by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee, 
taking into consideration individual performance and market trends. 

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

25.  Additional Information to the Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss 

Expenses (revenues) included in functions 

Salaries & Other Benefits 

  Cost of sales 

  Administrative 

  Sales and marketing 

  Research and development 

Years ended August 31, 

2016  

$  

2015 

$ 

7,604,580  

4,856,965 

Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment 

549,230  

384,831 

  Cost of sales 

  Administrative 

  Sales and Marketing 

  Research and development 

Amortization of Intangible Assets 

  Administrative 

  Research and development 

Government Assistance 

  Cost of sales 

  Administrative 

  Sales and marketing 

  Research and development 

72,767  

62,100 

(113,054 ) 

(25,920) 

Income tax credits for research and development 

(424,173 ) 

(447,610) 

  Research and development 

26.  Financial Instruments  

Fair Value 

The fair value of cash and  cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and accounts payable  and accrued 
liabilities approximates their carrying value due to their short-term maturities. 

The fair value of long-term debt is based on the discounted value of future cash flows under the current financial 
arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms and 
conditions and maturity dates. The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value due to the current 
market rates. 

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

26.  Financial Instruments (continued) 

Fair Value (continued) 

The fair value of the convertible debenture is based on the discounted value of future cash flows under the current 
financial arrangements at the interest rate the Company expects to currently negotiate for loans with similar terms 
and  conditions  and  maturity  dates.  The  fair  value  of  the  debt  component  of  the  convertible  debenture 
approximates $1,905,700 as at August 31, 2016 ($1,693,400 as at August 31, 2015) and is classified at level 2 
in the fair value hierarchy.

Valuation Techniques and Assumptions Applied for the Purposes of Measuring Fair Value  

The Company must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when 
measuring fair value. The Company primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements. 
The three input levels used by the Company to measure fair value are the following:  

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the 
asset  or  liability  is  a  market  in  which  transactions  for  the  asset  or  liability  occur  with  sufficient  frequency  and 
volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.  

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs 
that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets 
or liabilities.  

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair 
value of the assets or liabilities. 

The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy under which the Company’s financial instruments are 
valued. 

As at August 31, 2016 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2  

Level 3

Financial assets (liabilities) measured at   

fair value:  

  Convertible debenture – embedded      

derivative 

(979,635) 

-

(979,635 ) 

$ 

$ 

$  

$

-

As at August 31, 2015 

Total 

Level 1 

Level 2  

Level 3

Financial assets (liabilities) measured at   

fair value:  

  Convertible debenture – embedded      

derivative 

(245,773) 

-

(245,773 ) 

$ 

$ 

$  

$

-

80

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

26.  Financial Instruments (continued) 

Valuation Techniques and Assumptions Applied for the Purposes of Measuring Fair Value 
(continued) 

As explained in note 14, the convertible debenture contains an embedded derivative that must be measured at 
fair value at each reporting date with gains and losses in fair value recognized through profit or loss. One of the 
most  significant  assumptions  impacting  the  Company’s  valuation  of  this  embedded  derivative  is  the  implied 
volatility. The fair value of the convertible debenture was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model using 
an implied volatility of 55% (95% in 2015), a discount rate of 0.57% (0.44% in 2015) and an expected life of 1.2 
years (2.2 years in 2015). A 1% change in the implied volatility factor would have changed the fair value of the 
embedded derivative by $9,575 ($1,840 for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

Risk Management 

The main risks arising from the Company’s financial instruments are credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk 
and foreign exchange risk. These risks arise from exposures that occur in the normal course of business and are 
managed on a consolidated Company basis. 

Credit Risk 

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet 
its contractual obligations. The Company regularly monitors credit risk exposure and takes steps to mitigate the 
likelihood of this exposure resulting in losses. The Company's exposure to credit risk currently relates to cash 
and cash equivalents and to trade and other receivables. The Company’s credit risk management policies include 
the authorization to carry out investment transactions with recognized financial institutions with credit ratings of 
at least A and higher, in either bonds, money market funds or guaranteed investment certificates. Consequently, 
the Company manages credit risk by complying with established investment policies. 

The credit risk associated with trade and other receivables is generally considered normal as trade receivables 
consist of a large number of customers spread across diverse geographical areas. Generally, the Company does 
not require collateral or other security from customers for trade accounts receivable; however, credit is extended 
following an evaluation of creditworthiness. In addition, the Company performs ongoing credit reviews of all of its 
customers  and  establishes  an  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  when  accounts  are  determined  to  be  at  risks 
and/or uncollectible. Two major customers represented 50% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as at 
August 31, 2016 (33% as at August 31, 2015). 

As at August 31, 2016, 56% (4% as at August 31, 2015) of the accounts receivable were of more than 90 days 
whereas 30% (55% as at August 31, 2015) of those were less than 30 days. The maximum exposure to the risk 
of  credit  for  accounts  receivable  corresponded  to  their  book  value.  As  at  August  31,  2016,  the  allowance  for 
doubtful accounts was established at $491,623 ($3,032 as at August 31, 2015). 

Liquidity Risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial 
liabilities that are settled in cash and/or another financial asset. The Company’s approach is to ensure it will have 
sufficient liquidity to meet operational, capital and regulatory requirements and obligations, under both normal 
and stressed circumstances. Cash flow projections are prepared and reviewed quarterly by the Board of Directors 
to ensure a sufficient continuity of funding. The funding strategies used to manage this risk include the Company’s 
access to capital markets and debt securities issues. 

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

26.  Financial Instruments (continued) 

Risk Management (continued) 

Liquidity Risk (continued) 

The following  are the contractual maturities of the financial liabilities (principal and interest, assuming current 
interest rates) as at August 31, 2016 and August 31, 2015: 

August 31, 2016 

Carrying  

amount  Cash  flows 

$ 

$ 

0 to 12  

months 

$ 

Accounts payable and  

accrued liabilities 

2,041,873 

2,041,873 

2,041,873 

12 to 24  

After 

months  

24 months 

$  

-  

$ 

- 

Long-term debt 

1,784,654 

1,930,582 

530,651 

502,285  

897,646 

Convertible debenture 

3,792,839 

2,898,533 

- 

2,898,533  

- 

Total 

7,619,366 

6,870,988 

2,572,524 

3,400,818  

897,646 

August 31, 2015 

Carrying  

amount  Cash  flows 

$ 

$ 

0 to 12  

months 

$ 

Accounts payable and  

accrued liabilities 

1,657,962 

1,657,962 

1,657,962 

12 to 24  

After 

months  

24 months 

$  

-  

$ 

- 

Long-term debt 

695,088 

862,821 

244,458 

180,646  

437,717 

Convertible debenture 

2,998,702 

2,907,594 

- 

-  

2,907,594 

Total 

5,351,752 

5,428,377 

1,902,420 

180,646  

3,345,311 

Interest Rate Risk 

The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is summarized as follows: 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 
Long-term debt 
Convertible debenture 

Fixed interest rates 
Non-interest bearing 
Non-interest bearing 
Non-interest bearing, fixed and variable interest rates 
Fixed interest rates 

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis 

Interest rate risk exists when interest rate fluctuations modify the cash flows or the fair value of the Company’s 
investments  and  embedded  derivative.  The  Company  owns  investments  with  fixed  interest  rates.  As  at 
August 31, 2016, the Company was holding more than 92% (93% as at August 31, 2015) of its cash and cash 
equivalents in all-time redeemable term deposits. 

All else being equal, a hypothetical 1% interest rate increase would have had an unfavourable impact of $2,487 
on net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 (unfavourable impact of $1,100 for the 
year ended August 31, 2015). A hypothetical 1% interest rate decrease would have had a favourable impact of 
$3,670 on net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended August 31, 2016 (favourable impact of $1,300 for 
the year ended August 31, 2015).

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

26.  Financial Instruments (continued) 

Risk Management (continued) 

Financial expenses (revenues) 

Interest and bank charges 

Interest on long-term debt 

Interest and accreted interest on convertible debenture (note 14) 

Gain on foreign currency translation 

Interest income 

Years ended August 31, 

2016 

$ 

57,298  

44,967  

69,629  

(3,988 ) 

(111,042 ) 

56,864  

2015 

$ 

60,868 

32,665 

83,225 

(23,746) 

(153,578) 

(566) 

Concentration Risk 

Concentration risk exists when investments are made with multiple entities that share similar characteristics or 
when a large investment is made with a single entity. As at August 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company was holding 
100% of its cash equivalents portfolio in all-time redeemable term deposits with financial institutions with high 
creditworthiness. 

Foreign Exchange Risk 

The Company realizes certain sales and purchases and certain supplies and professional services in US dollars, 
Euros and British pound. Therefore, it is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. The Company does not actively 
manage this risk. 

Foreign Currency Sensitivity Analysis 

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the US dollar with all 
other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 lower ($11,000 higher 
for the year ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the US dollar 
with all other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $260,000 higher for the 
year ended August 31, 2016 ($11,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015). 

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the Euros with all 
other  variables  held  constant,  net  loss  and  comprehensive  loss  would  have  been  $159,000  higher  ($20,000 
higher for the year ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the 
Euros with all other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $159,000 lower 
for the year ended August 31, 2016 ($20,000 lower for the year ended August 31, 2015).  

For the year ended August 31, 2016, if the Canadian dollar had strengthened 10% against the British pound with 
all other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 higher (nil for the 
year ended August 31, 2015). Conversely, if the Canadian dollar had weakened 10% against the British pound 
with all other variables held constant, net loss and comprehensive loss would have been $42,000 lower for the 
year ended August 31, 2016 (nil for the year ended August 31, 2015).  

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

26.  Financial Instruments (continued) 

Risk Management (continued) 

Foreign Currency Sensitivity Analysis (continued) 

As  at  August  31,  2016  and  August  31,  2015,  the  risk  to  which  the  Company  was  exposed  is  established  as 
follows: 

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  (US$125,202;  US$2,097,017  as  at 
  August 31, 2015) 
Cash and cash equivalents (Euro 22,450; nil as at   August  
     31, 2015) 
Trade  and  other  receivables  (US$440,847;  US$182,630  as  at 
  August 31, 2015) 
Trade and other receivables (Euro 205,129; Euro 53 625 as at 
  August 31, 2015) 
Trade and other receivables (British pound 85,745; nil as at 
  August 31, 2015) 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 

(US$317,632; US$289,251 as at August 31, 2015) 
Convertible debenture (US$2,144,864; US$2,092,368 as at 
  August 31, 2015) 
Embedded derivative (US$746,900; US$186,800  

as at August 31, 2015) 

Total 

27.  Capital Management  

As at  
August 31,  
2016  
$  

As at 
August 31, 
2015 
$ 

163,903  

2,759,045 

32,842  

- 

578,410  

240,286 

300,083  

147,679  

79,167 

- 

(416,288 ) 

(380,567) 

(2,813,204 ) 

(2,752,929) 

(979,635 ) 
(2,986,210 ) 

(245,773) 
(300,771) 

The Company's objective in managing capital, primarily composed of shareholders' equity, long-term debt and 
the  convertible  debenture,  is  to  ensure  sufficient  liquidity  to  fund  R&D  activities,  general  and  administrative 
expenses, sales and marketing expenses, working capital and capital expenditures.  

In the past, the Company has had access to liquidity through non-dilutive sources, including the sale of non-core 
assets, long-term debts, investment tax credits and government assistance, interest income and public equity 
offerings. 

As at August 31, 2016, the Company's working capital amounted to $9,502,625 ($8,492,636 as at August 31, 
2015), including cash and cash equivalents of $5,903,040 ($7,203,612 as at August 31, 2015). The accumulated 
deficit  at  the  same  date  was  $30,539,014  ($21,257,345  as  at  August  31,  2015).  Based  on  the  Company's 
assessment,  which  takes  into  account  current  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  as  well  as  its  strategic  plan  and 
corresponding budgets and forecasts, the Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity and financial resources 
to fund planned expenditures and other working capital needs for at least, but not limited to, the 12-month period 
following the consolidated statements of financial position date of August 31, 2016.  

The Company believes that its current liquid assets are sufficient to finance its activities in the short-term. 

The  Company  manages  the  capital  structure  and  makes  adjustments  to  it  in  light  of  changes  in  economic 
conditions  and  the  risk  characteristics  of  the  underlying  assets.  Capital  management  objectives,  policies  and 
procedures have remained unchanged since the last fiscal year. 

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Opsens Inc. 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements  
Years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015 

27.  Capital Management (continued) 

For the years ended August 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company has not been in default under any of its obligations 
regarding the long-term debt. 

28.   Approval of Consolidated Financial Statements 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  were  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors  and  authorized  for  issue  on 
November 15, 2016. 

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GOVERNANCE

CORPORATE INFORMATION

Head office
750 boulevard du Parc-Technologique 
Quebec, QC G1P 4S3

Telephone: 418.781.0333 
Fax: 418.781.0024

Investor relations 
For information about Opsens Inc. or to be placed on the mailing 
list for quarterly reports and news releases, contact Marie-Claude 
Poitras at the head office or marie-claude.poitras@opsens.com. 

Stock exchange listing
Toronto Venture Exchange - Symbol: OPS  
OTCQX - Symbol: OPSSF

Auditors
Deloitte LLP Quebec, QC

Shares outstanding
72,629,038 (August 31, 2016)

Transfer Agent & Registrar 
CST Trust Company (CST) 
320 Bay Street – B1 Level  
Toronto, ON M5H 4A6 

Telephone: 1.800.387.0825

Annual meeting of shareholders
750 boulevard du Parc-Technologique 
Quebec, QC G1P 4S3

Tuesday, January 24 2017 – 10:30 a.m.

Directors 

DENIS M. SIROIS
Chairman of the Board of Directors 

LOUIS LAFLAMME, CPA, CA 
President and Chief Executive Officer 

CLAUDE BELLEVILLE 
Vice President, Medical Devices 

GAÉTAN DUPLAIN 
President, Opsens Solutions 

DENIS HARRINGTON 
Director 

JEAN LAVIGUEUR 
Director

PAT MACKIN
Director

Officiers 

LOUIS LAFLAMME, CPA, CA
President and Chief Executive Officer 

CLAUDE BELLEVILLE 
Vice President, Medical Devices 

GAÉTAN DUPLAIN 
President, Opsens Solutions 

THIERRY DUMAS, CPA, CA 
Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary

86

OPSENS’ MARKETS

INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY – MEASURE OF FFR 
OPSENS POSITIONED FOR GROWTH

During  fiscal  year  2016,  Opsens  has  taken  a  share  in  the  global  FFR 
market, which offers great growth opportunities. For 2017 and beyond, 
Opsens is targeting significant gains in market share.

This  performance  has  also  been  highlighted  in  a  prestigious 
medical journal, the Circulation Journal, the official journal of the 
Japanese Circulation Society.  

In  the  United  States,  Europe,  Japan  and  Canada,  Opsens’  OptoWire 
impressed  key  opinion 
in  cardiology,  who  commented 
positively  on  its  performance.  The  OptoWire  addresses  cardiologists’ 
most common concerns regarding products available to measure FFR.

leaders 

EDITORIAL

CIRCULATION JOURNAL 
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE CIRCULATION SOCIETY 
http://www.j-circ.or.jp

FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE, CORONARY 
PRESSURE WIRES, AND DRIFT 
Nico HJ Pijls, MD, PhD; Bernard De Bruyne, MD, PhD

Circulation Journal, Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society; Vol. 80, Aug. 2016: 1704-1706.

INDUSTRIAL - GROWING MARKETS

Opsens’  versatile  technologies  can  answer  needs  in  key,  valuable 
markets.  There  is  a  positive  sentiment  around  our  single-point 
measurement technology in leading areas. This growing interest stems 
from the fact that traditional technologies do not perform as expected 
under  certain  conditions,  opening  avenues  for  Opsens’  fiber  optic 
technology.

Opsens  capitalizes  on  its  easily  adaptable  technology  and  invests  to 
offer  applications  to  growing  markets,  like  structure  monitoring  and 
various  other  applications  in  sectors  such  as  mining,  energy,  marine 
and laboratories.

INTERVENTIONAL 
CARDIOLOGY – FFR
RELIABLE FFR 
MEASUREMENT

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
FIBER-OPTIC-BASED INNOVATIVE 
SOLUTIONS FOR VARIOUS INDUSTRIES

750 boulevard du Parc-Technologique
Quebec, QC  G1P 4S3
T 418.781.0333   F 418.781.0024
Opsens.com